melatonin

Research Excerpts

Overview

Melatonin is a neurohormone released in a circadian manner with peak levels at night. decrease of its synthesis leads to various diseases, in particular, insomnia and metabolic disorders. Melatonin is an anti-inflammatory agent and effective in reducing cellular damage.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Melatonin is a natural hormone primarily released by the pineal gland that regulates the sleep-wake cycles. "	( Indole-based melatonin analogues: Synthetic approaches and biological activity. Laborda, P; Shi, XC; Wang, SY, 2020)	2.37
"Melatonin is a neurohormone released in a circadian manner with peak levels at night. "	( Design and Validation of the First Family of Photo-Activatable Ligands for Melatonin Receptors. Jockers, R; Llebaria, A; Lyons, D; Piggins, HD; Serra, C; Somalo-Barranco, G, 2022)	2.39
"Melatonin is a natural regulator of many physiological processes, and the decrease of its synthesis leads to various diseases, in particular, insomnia and metabolic disorders."	( [The effect of long-term beta-blockers on melatonin secretion, sleep quality, and vascular brain damage]. Kozhevnikova, VV; Tikhomirova, OV; Zybina, NN, 2021)	1.61
"Melatonin is a powerful endogenous anti-inflammatory agent and effective in reducing cellular damage."	( Investigation of the effect of melatonin administration on inflammatory mediators; MMP-2, TGF-β and VEGF levels in rats with sepsis. Betül Tuncer, F; Boz, M; Çakıroğlu, H; Çokluk, E; Doğanay, S; Ramazan Şekeroğlu, M, 2021)	1.63
"Phytomelatonin is a pleiotropic molecule that originated in higher plants with many diverse actions and is primarily an antioxidant. "	( Phytomelatonin: a potential phytotherapeutic intervention on COVID-19-exposed individuals. Nkwoemeka, NE; Nweze, EJ; Ogugofor, MO; Okeke, ES; Okoye, CO, 2022)	1.75
"Melatonin is a hormone that is primarily produced in the pineal gland and is involved in wide range of biological functions. "	( Melatonin enhances cisplatin-induced cell death through inhibition of DERL1 in mesenchymal-like CD44 Fukada, S; Murodumi, H; Ohta, K; Okuda, S; Ono, S; Sakuma, M; Shigeishi, H; Takechi, M; Yamakado, N; Yokoyama, S, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin is a pleiotropic regulatory molecule in plants and is involved in regulating plant tolerance to drought stress. "	( Melatonin enhances drought stress tolerance in maize through coordinated regulation of carbon and nitrogen assimilation. Ma, C; Ren, J; Wang, Y; Yang, X; Zhao, J, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin is a ubiquitous indolamine, largely investigated for its key role in the regulation of several physiological processes in both animals and plants. "	( Melatonin and Phytomelatonin: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Distribution and Bioactivity in Plants and Animals-An Overview. Bertea, CM; Gentile, C; Mannino, G; Pernici, C; Serio, G, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin is an indolic compound mainly secreted by the pineal gland and plays a vital role in the regulation of circadian rhythms and cancer therapy. "	( Melatonin inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion by inducing ROS-mediated apoptosis via suppression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in gallbladder cancer cells. Chen, K; Chen, W; Luo, K; Shi, XJ; Zhai, W; Zhu, P, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin is a pineal hormone regulated by and feedbacks to biological rhythm at physiological condition."	( Melatonin pretreatment alleviates the long-term synaptic toxicity and dysmyelination induced by neonatal Sevoflurane exposure via MT1 receptor-mediated Wnt signaling modulation. Guo, B; Liang, L; Lu, R; Mao, Z; Tang, W; Wang, Y; Wu, S; Xie, R; Yang, X; Zeng, T; Zhang, H; Zhang, L; Zhao, Y, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin is a pharmaceutical ingredient in numerous medicines, over-the-counter medicines, nutraceuticals, and dietary supplements, which benefit disease prevention and treatment, including osteoporosis and neurodegenerative diseases."	( Melatonin in neuroskeletal biology. O'Brien, M; Patel, A; Wang, X; Zhou, EW; Zhou, S, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin acts as a plant's master regulator and is also involved in the process of seed germination."	( Phytomelatonin inhibits seed germination by regulating germination-related hormone signaling in Arabidopsis. Chen, W; Li, X; Pan, J; Wang, H; You, Q; Yu, D, 2021)	1.86
"Melatonin (MT) is a molecule of paramount importance in all living organisms, due to its presence in many biological activities, such as circadian (sleep-wake cycle) and seasonal rhythms (reproduction, fattening, molting, etc.). "	( On the Interactions of Melatonin/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex: A Novel Approach Combining Efficient Semiempirical Extended Tight-Binding (xTB) Results with Ab Initio Methods. Brunella, V; Caldera, F; Corno, M; Delle Piane, M; Ferrero, R; Pantaleone, S; Trotta, F, 2021)	2.37
"Melatonin is an endogenous physiological hormone that is considered an alternative treatment for neurological disorders because of its free radical scavenging property."	( Melatonin Pretreatment Protects Against Status epilepticus, Glutamate Transport, and Oxidative Stress Induced by Kainic Acid in Zebrafish. Baldin, SL; Bernardo, HT; de Farias, ACS; de Pieri Pickler, K; Dondossola, ER; Rico, EP, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted from the pineal gland with an antioxidant effect by binding to oxidative factors."	( Melatonin: A smart molecule in the DNA repair system. Aliarab, A; Asadi, J; Goodarzi, G; Jafari, SM; Mir, SM; Qujeq, D; Samavarchi Tehrani, S; Shirzad, M, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule with antioxidant and neuroprotective effects."	( Effect of Melatonin Administration on Mitochondrial Activity and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Cid-Hernández, M; Cruz-Serrano, JA; Delgado-Lara, DL; González-Ortiz, LJ; González-Usigli, HA; Jiménez-Delgado, A; Ortiz, GG; Pacheco-Moisés, FP, 2021)	1.75
"Melatonin is a neurohormone synthesized in the pineal gland and is involved in circadian rhythms in mammals, as well as other physiological functions."	( Melatonin attenuates morphine-induced conditioned place preference in Wistar rats. Alghamdi, BS; Alshehri, AA; Alshehri, FS; Althobaiti, YS; Hakami, AY, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin is a hormonal product of the pineal gland, a fact that is often forgotten. "	( What do we really know about the safety and efficacy of melatonin for sleep disorders? Kennaway, DJ, 2022)	2.41
"Melatonin is a sleep-promoting hormone known to have cerebral anti-inflammatory properties."	( Melatonin and risk of mortality in subjects with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Allan, LD; Bayman, E; Galet, C; Hasan, D; Lin, SH; Rogers, WK; Zanaty, M, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin is a hormone majorly secreted by the pineal gland and contributes to a various type of physiological functions in mammals. "	( Downregulation of AANAT by c-Fos in tubular epithelial cells with membranous nephropathy. Chang, YT; Guo, CY; Hou, YC; Hsieh, HY; Huang, YS; Lo, CH; Lu, KC; Shih, HM; Tsai, PH; Wu, CC, 2021)	2.06
"Melatonin is a highly conserved molecule found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes that acts as the darkness hormone, translating environmental lighting to the whole body, and as a moderator of innate and acquired defense, migration, and cell proliferation processes. "	( Possible Role of Pineal and Extra-Pineal Melatonin in Surveillance, Immunity, and First-Line Defense. da Silveira Cruz-Machado, S; Fernandes, PA; Ferreira, ZS; Markus, RP; Sousa, KS, 2021)	2.33
"Melatonin (MEL) is a powerful antioxidant and scavenger of free radicals."	( Antioxidant Effect of Melatonin in Preterm Newborns. Buonocore, G; Cannavò, L; Giordano, M; Gitto, E; Laschi, E; Marseglia, L; Perrone, S; Romeo, C; Toni, AL, 2021)	1.66
"Melatonin is an indolic compound that has been reported in the literature to exist in human-based samples, vertebrates, vegetables, fruits, and pharmaceutical products. "	( Up-to-date studies regarding the determination of melatonin by chromatographic methods. Alessa, H; Althakafy, JT; Saber, AL, 2022)	2.42
"Melatonin (MEL) is a hormone with potent antioxidant and anti-glucocorticoid activity and it can be beneficial in the excessive activation of glucocorticoid receptors."	( Melatonin attenuates glucocorticoid effect induced by medroxyprogesterone acetate in rats. Brolo Martins, D; Cardoso Martins Pires, H; de Carvalho, MT; de Deus, HD; de Menezes, LB; Martí Castelló, C; Moreira Andraschko, M; Pacheco Miguel, M, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule that functions in plant development and stress tolerance."	( Overexpression of MdASMT9, an N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase gene, increases melatonin biosynthesis and improves water-use efficiency in transgenic apple. Gong, X; Hu, L; Li, Y; Liu, Y; Ma, F; Yang, S; Yue, H; Zhang, J; Zhou, K, 2022)	1.67
"Melatonin is a low-cost agent and previous studies suggest that its use may promote metabolic health."	( Protective role of melatonin against adipose-hepatic metabolic comorbidities in experimentally induced obese rat model. Akintayo, CO; Atuma, CL; Aturamu, A; Badejogbin, OC; Mahmud, H; Obayemi, MJ; Olaniyi, KS; Oniyide, AA; Saidi, AO, 2021)	1.67
"Phytomelatonin is a universal signal molecule that regulates plant growth and stress responses; however, only one receptor that can directly bind with and perceive melatonin signaling has been identified so far, namely AtPMTR1/CAND2 in Arabidopsis. "	( Maize PHYTOMELATONIN RECEPTOR1 functions in plant tolerance to osmotic and drought stress. Guo, JX; Li, TT; Liu, WC; Lu, KK; Song, RF; Wang, LF; Zhang, Y, 2022)	1.63
"Melatonin is a simple compound called N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine and is known as a hormone controlling the circadian rhythm. "	( New Uses of Melatonin as a Drug; A Review. Pohanka, M, 2022)	2.54
"Phytomelatonin is an emerging new plant hormone. "	( Phytomelatonin prevents bacterial invasion during nighttime. Chen, Q; Li, X; Rengel, Z, 2022)	1.75
"Melatonin coating is a valid tool for delaying the perishability and qualitative decay of highbush blueberry fruit during cold storage. "	( Melatonin treatment reduces qualitative decay and improves antioxidant system in highbush blueberry fruit during cold storage. Magri, A; Petriccione, M, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin acts as a plant master regulator, up-/down-regulating different plant hormone levels and signalling, and is a key player in redox homeostasis."	( Phytomelatonin: an unexpected molecule with amazing performances in plants. Arnao, MB; Cano, A; Hernández-Ruiz, J, 2022)	1.96
"Melatonin (MLT) is a powerful endogenous anti-inflammatory agent and effective in reducing cellular damage."	( Influence of Pinealectomy and Long-term Melatonin Administration on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Experimental Gouty Arthritis. Altinoz, E; Ballur, AFH; Bicer, Y; Demir, M; Elbe, H; Karayakali, M; Onal, MO; Yigitturk, G, 2022)	1.71
"Melatonin (MLT) is a neuroendocrine hormone synthesized by the pineal gland and plays an important role in controlling the circadian rhythm."	( Melatonin Promotes Antler Growth by Accelerating MT1-Mediated Mesenchymal Cell Differentiation and Inhibiting VEGF-Induced Degeneration of Chondrocytes. Gu, X; Li, K; Li, M; Peng, J; Sun, X; Xiong, J; Yang, L; Zhang, X, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that is involved in the biorhythm of reproductive activities. "	( Melatonin Attenuates RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis via Inhibition of Atp6v0d2 and DC-STAMP through MAPK and NFATc1 Signaling Pathways. Jeong, SP; Kim, IR; Kim, SS; Park, BS, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin is a naturally occurring molecule derived from tryptophan. "	( [Melatonin: A short clarification for the over-enthusiasts]. Boutin, JA, 2022)	3.07
"Melatonin is a highly pleiotropic neurohormone."	( Melatonin epigenetic potential on testicular functions and fertility profile in varicocele rat model is mediated by silent information regulator 1. Abdel Ghafar, MT; Abo El Gheit, RE; Alshenawy, HA; Badawi, GA; El-Saka, MH; El-Sayed, RM; Elswaidy, NRM; Emam, MN; Ibrahim, MAA; Kamel, S; Khaled, HE; Madi, NM; Nagla, SA; Radwan, DA; Soliman, NA; Younis, RL, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin (MT), is a potent neuroprotective molecule."	( Melatonin ameliorates bupivacaine-induced spinal neurotoxicity in rats by suppressing neuronal NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Chen, MY; Huang, LS; Ji, JM; Lai, J; Liu, JC; Luo, YP; Wei, LL; Yu, Y; Zhou, G, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin is an indoleamine secreted by the pineal gland during darkness and has shown antitumor activity in both in vitro and in vivo experiments."	( The proteomic landscape of ovarian cancer cells in response to melatonin. Cesário, RC; Cucielo, MS; de Almeida Chuffa, LG; de Campos Zuccari, DAP; Delazari Dos Santos, L; Gaiotte, LB; Reiter, RJ; Seiva, FRF; Silveira, HS, 2022)	1.68
"Melatonin is an internal transducer of environmental photoperiod and is involved in regulating reproduction."	( Effect of short- and long-term melatonin treatments on the reproductive activity of the tropical damselfish Chrysiptera cyanea. Badruzzaman, M; Hur, SP; Imamura, S; Mahardini, A; Rizky, D; Takemura, A; Takeuchi, Y, 2022)	1.73
"Melatonin is a molecule with multiple activities on a virus infection."	( Mechanisms and clinical evidence to support melatonin's use in severe COVID-19 patients to lower mortality. Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2022)	1.7
"Melatonin (MLT) is a physiological hormone synthesized from serotonin that has been studied for its beneficial properties, including its antioxidant potential."	( Melatonin prevents oxidative stress, inflammatory activity, and DNA damage in cirrhotic rats. Brasil, MS; Bueno, AF; Colares, JR; Dias, AS; Fonseca, SRB; Hartmann, RM; Marroni, CA; Marroni, NP; Picada, JN; Schemitt, EG, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin is a hormone that facilitates falling asleep and maintaining sleep and is also involved in the endogenous synchronization of internal biological clocks."	( [Therapeutic approaches for sleep and rhythms disorders in children with ASD]. Broquère, MA; Claustrat, B; Delorme, R; Franco, P; Lecendreux, M; Schröder, CM; Tordjman, S, 2022)	1.44
"Melatonin is a potential treatment for cerebrovascular dysfunction due to perinatal chronic hypoxia."	( Melatonin treatment during chronic hypoxic gestation improves neonatal cerebrovascular function. Arias, PV; Candia, AA; Ebensperger, G; González-Candia, A; González-Candia, C; Herrera, EA; Llanos, AJ; Navarrete, A; Reyes, RV, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin is an endogenous neurohormone synthesized from tryptophan amino acid by pineal glands."	( Supplementation of melatonin to cooling and freezing extenders improves canine spermatozoa quality measures. Azari, M; Divar, MR; Ghahramani, S; Mogheiseh, A, 2022)	1.77
"Melatonin is a signaling molecule that mediates multiple stress-dependent reactions. "	( The Melatonin Receptor CAND2/PMTR1 Is Involved in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Gene Expression under Photooxidative Stress. Bychkov, IA; Kudryakova, NV; Kusnetsov, VV; Kuznetsov, VV; Shugaev, AG, 2022)	2.72
"Melatonin is an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger."	( Evaluation of melatonin efficacy in prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm newborn infants. Fekri, M; Gharehbaghi, MM; Shaseb, E; Yeganedoust, S, 2022)	1.8
"Melatonin is found to be a potential anti-osteoporosis drug."	( Melatonin increases bone mass in normal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal osteoporotic rats via the promotion of osteogenesis. Cao, R; Guan, H; Jiao, M; Kong, N; Lei, Y; Li, Y; Liu, G; Tian, P; Tian, R; Wang, K; Wei, Q; Xing, F; Yang, P, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin is an essential phytohormone in the regulation of many plant processes, including during plant development and in response to stress. "	( Phytomelatonin as a central molecule in plant disease resistance. Bai, Y; Reiter, RJ; Shi, H; Wei, Y; Zeng, H, 2022)	2.68
"Melatonin is a multivalent compound which has a hand in several cellular and molecular processes and therefore, is an appropriate candidate for treatment of many diseases like cancer."	( Molecular and cellular mechanisms of melatonin in breast cancer. Asemi, Z; Dana, PM; Heidar, Z; Mirzaei, H; Mirzamoradi, M; Mohammadi, S; Sadoughi, F; Shafabakhash, R; Targhazeh, N, 2022)	1.72
"Melatonin is a well-known signaling molecule that mediates a range of physiological activities and various stress reactions in plants. "	( Melatonin alleviates cadmium toxicity and abiotic stress by promoting glandular trichome development and antioxidant capacity in Nicotiana tabacum. Cai, B; Chen, X; Jia, S; Peng, Y; Song, J; Song, Z; Wang, P; Yin, G; Zhang, H, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin is an endogenous indolamine, synthesized and secreted from the pineal gland. "	( The Potential Oncostatic Effects of Melatonin against Prostate Cancer. Samanta, S, 2021)	2.34
"Melatonin is a hormone that regulates the biological day and night cycle. "	( A validated method for the rapid quantification of melatonin in over-the-counter hypnotics by the atmospheric pressure solid analysis probe (ASAP). Bonn, GK; Hussain, S; Jakschitz, T; Moser, D; Rainer, M, 2022)	2.42
"Oral melatonin is a potential alternative treatment for hypertension and nocturnal hypertension. "	( Controlled-release oral melatonin supplementation for hypertension and nocturnal hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chung, VC; Lee, EK; Lee, VW; Poon, P; Wong, SY; Yu, CP, 2022)	1.54
"Melatonin (MT) is a pineal hormone with antineoplastic potential. "	( Melatonin Inhibits the Malignant Progression of Glioblastoma via Regulating miR-16-5p/PIM1. Hua, L; Huang, L; Yan, Z; Zhang, X, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin is an endogenous hormone that regulates circadian rhythms."	( Melatonin-Induced Postconditioning Suppresses NMDA Receptor through Opening of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore via Melatonin Receptor in Mouse Neurons. Furuta, T; Morisaki, Y; Nakagawa, I; Nakase, H; Saito, Y; Yokoyama, S, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin (MEL) is an effective therapeutic choice for thyroid cancer treatment. "	( Melatonin promotes apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells via regulating the signaling of microRNA-21 (miR-21) and microRNA-30e (miR-30e). Jia, H; Li, X; Sun, W; Xu, W, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin is an important hormone for synchronizing circadian rhythms."	( The rationale for treating uveal melanoma with adjuvant melatonin: a review of the literature. Hagström, A; Kal Omar, R; Stålhammar, G; Williams, PA, 2022)	1.69
"Melatonin is a neurohormone that modulates several physiological functions in mammals through the activation of melatonin receptor type 1 and 2 (MT"	( Radiosynthesis and Aliaga, A; Bdair, H; Bedini, A; Benkelfat, C; Brooks, AF; Gobbi, G; Jolly, D; Kang, MS; Kaur, T; Koeppe, R; Kostikov, A; Massarweh, G; Rosa-Neto, P; Ross, K; Rudko, DA; Scott, PJH; Singleton, TA; Soucy, JP; Spadoni, G; Tuznik, M; Yous, S, 2022)	2.16
"Phytomelatonin is a small multifunctional molecule found ubiquitously in plants, which plays an important role in plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. "	( Anabolism and signaling pathways of phytomelatonin. Cao, M; Guo, YD; Li, Y; Liu, Y; Lv, H; Wang, X; Yuan, X; Zhang, N; Zhang, X, 2022)	1.5
"Melatonin is a safe medication with multiple uses in sleep medicine for the treatment of circadian rhythm disorders, insomnia, and REM sleep behavior disorder. "	( [Pre-pandemic melatonin treatment for sleep disorders and COVID-19 infection. A retrospective cross-sectional study]. Cardinali, DP; Folgueira, A; González Cardozo, A; Rugiero, M; Valiensi, SM; Vera, VA, 2022)	2.52
"Melatonin (MT) is a phytohormone important in mediating diverse plant growth processes. "	( Role of melatonin in promoting plant growth by regulating carbon assimilation and ATP accumulation. Hong, SB; Jiang, S; Teng, Z; Zang, Y; Zheng, W; Zhu, Z, 2022)	2.6
"Melatonin is an important molecule in both animals and plants, regulating circadian rhythms and stress responses. "	( PP2C1 fine-tunes melatonin biosynthesis and phytomelatonin receptor PMTR1 binding to melatonin in cassava. Bai, Y; Cheng, X; Dong, Y; Guo, J; Hu, W; Reiter, RJ; Shi, H; Wei, Y; Xie, H; Yin, H; Zeng, H; Zheng, L, 2022)	2.5
"Phytomelatonin is a newly identified plant hormone, and its primary functions in plant growth and development remain relatively poorly appraised. "	( Dark secrets of phytomelatonin. Chen, Q; Guan, M; Hou, S; Li, R; Li, X; Pu, X; Rengel, Z; Wang, X; Yang, Q, 2022)	1.55
"Melatonin is an ancient molecule that originated in bacteria. "	( Melatonin: A mitochondrial resident with a diverse skill set. de Almeida Chuffa, LG; de Campos Zuccari, DAP; Reiter, RJ; Rosales-Corral, S; Sharma, R, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone mainly secreted by the pineal gland that plays an important role in the maintenance of the circadian rhythm and immunomodulation."	( Melatonin regulates the immune response and improves Sjögren's syndrome-like symptoms in NOD/Ltj Mice. Cheng, B; Ding, Y; Liu, Y; Wei, M; Weng, X; Yu, S, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin is a known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent in addition to its role in regulating circadian rhythms."	( Melatonin as a complementary and prophylactic agent against COVID-19 in high-risk populations: A narrative review of recent findings from clinical and preclinical studies. Akbariqomi, M; Alishiri, G; Badri, T; Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh, H; Farnoosh, G; Hassanpour, K; Hosseini, A, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin is a natural body agent that has shown promising results for modulating tumour response to therapy and also alleviating normal tissue toxicity."	( Modulation of the immune system by melatonin; implications for cancer therapy. Dakkali, MS; Jafarzadeh, E; Khodamoradi, E; Moazamiyanfar, R; Moslehi, M; Mouludi, K; Najafi, M; Rastegar-Pouyani, N; Rezaei, S; Taeb, S, 2022)	1.72
"Melatonin acts as a multifunctional molecule that takes part in various physiological processes, especially in the protection against abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought, heat, cold, heavy metals, etc. "	( Crosstalk between Melatonin and Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses: An Update. Chen, Z; Gu, Q; Han, Y; Xiao, Q, 2022)	2.5
"Melatonin (MLT) is a hormone derived from tryptophan and secreted by the pineal gland."	( Molecular basis of melatonin protective effects in metastasis: A novel target of melatonin. Asemi, Z; Homayoonfal, M; Maleki Dana, P; Sadoughi, F; Sharifi, M, 2022)	1.77
"Melatonin is an effective alternative to manage anxiety in the perioperative period and could help to reduce the use of benzodiazepines during surgery."	( Midazolam reduction with pre-operative melatonin in abdominal hysterectomy: double-blind randomized clinical trial. Ángeles-Castellanos, M; Castelán-Martínez, OD; Mora-Magaña, I; Rosas-Luna, LE; Ubaldo-Reyes, LM, 2022)	1.71
"Melatonin is a neurohormone, which regulates not only circadian rhythms and natural sleep but also other physiological functions."	( Melatonin Supplementation in Undetermined Pediatric Deaths. Beuhler, MC; Bishop-Freeman, SC; Hudson, JS; Labay, LM; Young, KA, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin is a highly conserved and ubiquitous molecule that operates upstream of a broad array of receptors in animal systems. "	( Melatonin as a regulator of plant ionic homeostasis: implications for abiotic stress tolerance. Huang, X; Min, Y; Shabala, S; Tanveer, M, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin is an endogenous neurohormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle (1). "	( Pediatric Melatonin Ingestions - United States, 2012-2021. Lelak, K; Neuman, MI; Sethuraman, U; Toce, MS; Vohra, V, 2022)	2.57
"Melatonin is a hormone synthesized in the pineal gland and has widespread physiological and pharmacological functions. "	( Melatonin may suppress lung adenocarcinoma progression via regulation of the circular noncoding RNA hsa_circ_0017109/miR-135b-3p/TOX3 axis. Duan, H; Duan, W; Li, X; Lu, G; Shao, C; Wang, J; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Xie, M; Yan, X; Yu, W, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin is an indole hormone secreted primarily by the pineal gland that showing anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic capacity. "	( Melatonin and multiple sclerosis: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulator mechanism of action. Agüera, E; Caballero-Villarraso, J; Escribano, BM; Galván, A; Muñoz-Jurado, A; Santamaría, A; Túnez, I, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin (MT) is a noteworthy free radical scavenger and an antioxidant to alleviate oxidative stress."	( The antagonistic effect of melatonin on TBBPA-induced apoptosis and necroptosis via PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in swine testis cells. Gong, D; Shi, X; Sun, K; Wang, X; Zhang, X, 2022)	1.74
"Melatonin is a potent free-radical scavenger, with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic effects. "	( Melatonin improves testicular hemodynamics and sperm quality in rams subjected to mild testicular heat stress. Kastelic, JP; Shahat, AM; Thundathil, JC, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin is a natural, multifunctional, nontoxic, regulatory, and ubiquitous biomolecule, having low molecular weight and pleiotropic effects in the plant kingdom. "	( Melatonin: First-line soldier in tomato under abiotic stress current and future perspective. Ahmad, P; Alam, P; Altaf, MA; Altaf, MM; Kumar, A; Kumar, R; Lal, MK; Naz, S; Shahid, R; Tiwari, RK, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin is a promising reagent that can improve assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes in infertility patients. "	( Effects of Melatonin on the Transcriptome of Human Granulosa Cells, Fertilization and Blastocyst Formation. Doi-Tanaka, Y; Fujimura, T; Kawamoto-Jozaki, M; Mihara, Y; Shirafuta, Y; Sugino, N; Taketani, T; Tamura, H; Tamura, I, 2022)	2.55
"Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant that has a wide range of biological activities."	( Renal Protective Effects of Melatonin in Animal Models of Diabetes Mellitus-Related Kidney Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cai, Y; Jiang, Y; Liu, WJ; Liu, Y; Luo, Q; Tian, L; Zhao, Q, 2022)	1.74
"Melatonin is a natural indolamine that regulates many physiological functions in plants. "	( Application of exogenous melatonin in vitro and in planta: a review of its effects and mechanisms of action. Iqbal, R; Khan, T, 2022)	2.47
"Melatonin is a promising molecule which considered a differentiating agent in some cancer cells at both physiological and pharmacological concentrations."	( Oncostatic activities of melatonin: Roles in cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy. Mir, SM; Qujeq, D; Rahimi, M; Reiter, RJ; Shahavi, MH; Targhazeh, N; Yousefi, T, 2022)	1.75
"Melatonin is a prescription drug in Denmark."	( Melatonin use among children, adolescents, and young adults: a Danish nationwide drug utilization study. Bliddal, M; Ernst, M; Jennum, PJ; Kildegaard, H; Mogensen, SH; Pottegård, A; Rasmussen, L; Wesselhoeft, R, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin is a neurohormone released by the pineal gland."	( Melatonin and the Brain-Heart Crosstalk in Neurocritically Ill Patients-From Molecular Action to Clinical Practice. Bekała, A; Bielacz, M; Biernawska, J; Bohatyrewicz, R; Dabrowski, W; Jaroszyński, A; Kotfis, K; Płotek, W; Siwicka-Gieroba, D; Sołek-Pastuszka, J, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant that has the beneficial ability to prevent neurodegenerative diseases like PD."	( Melatonin attenuates MPP Choi, H; Jung, YJ; Oh, E, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin is an indoleamine produced in the pineal gland and has many physiological roles. "	( Melatonin improves mitochondrial function by preventing mitochondrial fission in cadmium-induced rat proximal tubular cell injury via SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway activation. Chen, S; Dong, W; Gong, Z; Liu, G; Liu, W; Liu, Z; Song, R; Tan, Y; Yan, L; Zhang, K; Zhu, J; Zou, H, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant that is effective in reducing the physical stress."	( Melatonin ameliorates testes against forced treadmill exercise training on spermatogenesis in rats. Ghasemi Hamidabadi, H; Madani, Z; Mahmudi, SAA; Moayeri, A; Nazm Bojnordi, M; Vardiani, M; Zahiri, M, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin is a lipophilic hormone with multiple functions in regulating the fertility."	( Proteomic analysis of iTRAQ in melatonin-treated sheep epididymal epithelial cells. Duan, H; Ge, W; Hu, J; Li, J; Xiao, L; Zhao, X, 2022)	1.73
"Melatonin is a tryptophan-derived ancestral molecule evolved in bacteria. "	( Melatonin-related signaling pathways and their regulatory effects in aging organisms. Atayik, MC; Çakatay, U, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin is an important biomolecule found in diverse groups of organisms. "	( Melatonin mediated activation of MAP kinase pathway may reduce DNA damage stress in plants: A review. Guchhait, R; Maity, S; Pramanick, K, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin is an important hormone secreted from the pineal gland that mediates several biological functions in humans through circadian rhythm. "	( Anticancer properties of melatonin and its role as an adjuvant in cancer treatment. Nair, A, )	1.88
"Melatonin (MT) is an indole compound."	( Alleviation of cadmium phytotoxicity through melatonin modulated physiological functions, antioxidants, and metabolites in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Kalaiselvi, P; Kalarani, MK; Srinivasan, S; Umapathi, M, 2022)	1.7
"Melatonin is a hormone that regulates sleep and wakefulness, and it is associated with a reduced risk of death in patients with sepsis."	( Melatonin: A window into the organ-protective effects of sepsis. Huang, X; Lan, Y; Lei, Y; Li, J; Liu, R; Luo, X; Yang, F; Zeng, F, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin is a molecule with a wide range of antioxidant, oncostatic, immunomodulatory, and cytoprotective properties."	( The melatonin contained in beer can provide health benefits, due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Calvo, J; Maldonado, M; Romero-Aibar, J, 2023)	2.19
"Melatonin also is a potential signaling molecule and can affect many of the signaling pathways involved in MSCs osteoblastic differentiation, such as activation of PI3K/AKT, BMP/Smad, MAPK, NFkB, Nrf2/HO-1, Wnt, SIRT/SOD, PERK/ATF4."	( The role of melatonin in bone regeneration: A review of involved signaling pathways. Alemi, F; Majidinia, M; Malakoti, F; Raei Sadigh, A; Sadeghpour, A; Yousefi, B; Zare, F; Zarezadeh, R, 2022)	1.82
"Melatonin is a pineal hormone that plays an important role as an endogenous synchronizer of circadian rhythms and energy metabolism. "	( The Effect of Exogenous Melatonin on Eating Habits of Female Night Workers with Excessive Weight. Cipolla-Neto, J; Crispim, CA; de Castro Moreno, CR; Marqueze, EC; Nogueira, LFR, 2022)	2.47
"Melatonin (MT) is an endogenous hormone synthesized mainly by pineal cells and has strong endogenous effects in regulating ovarian function."	( Therapeutic Effect of Melatonin in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: Hippo Pathway Is Involved. Guo, YM; He, JL; Qi, MK; Sun, TC; Wang, HB; Wang, HP; Yang, LY, 2022)	1.76
"Melatonin is a neurohormone."	( Analysis of Melatonin-Modulating Effects Against Tartrazine-Induced Neurotoxicity in Male Rats: Biochemical, Pathological and Immunohistochemical Markers. Abdou, HM; Ali, AM; Ali, RG; Essawy, AE; Mohamed, AI, 2023)	2.01
"Melatonin is an indoleamine secreted by the pineal gland and controlled by endogenous circadian oscillators within the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is closely associated with light/dark cycle."	( Melatonin improves cardiac remodeling and brain-heart sympathetic hyperactivation aggravated by light disruption after myocardial infarction. Jiang, H; Jiao, L; Li, Z; Liu, Z; Nie, L; Wang, Y; Xu, X; Yu, Z; Zhang, S; Zhou, H; Zhou, L; Zhou, Y, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin is a safe and effective supplement for depressive patients."	( Effects of melatonin supplementation on BDNF concentrations and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Darand, M; Feltham, BA; Rouhani, MH; Saraf-Bank, S; Shokri-Mashhadi, N; Yahay, M, 2023)	2.74
"Melatonin is an indole-like neuroendocrine hormone. "	( Melatonin promotes the growth and development of lambs by increasing growth hormone and testosterone, targeting on apoptosis signaling pathway and intestinal microflora. Guan, S; Guo, X; Ji, P; Li, G; Liu, F; Liu, G; Ma, W; Wang, L; Wu, H; Wusiman, A; Xu, S; Yan, L; Zhao, M, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin is an important naturally occurring hormone in mammals. "	( Melatonin and cancer suppression: insights into its effects on DNA methylation. Asemi, Z; Davoodvandi, A; Nikfar, B; Reiter, RJ, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin is a well-known jet-lag compound, which helps in entrainment of sleep cycle."	( Modulation of melatonin to the thalamic lesion-induced pain and comorbid sleep disturbance in the animal model of the central post-stroke hemorrhage. Huang, ACW; Kaur, T; Shih, HC; Shyu, BC, 2022)	1.8
"Melatonin is a biologically active, multifunctional hormone that relieves abiotic stress in plants."	( Ionomic Combined with Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses to Explore the Mechanism Underlying the Effect of Melatonin in Relieving Nutrient Stress in Apple. Cao, Y; Du, P; He, X; Ji, J; Liang, B; Liu, H; Shang, Y; Xu, J; Zhang, J, 2022)	1.65
"Melatonin is a drug with only mild adverse effects and has previously been shown to reduce anxiety and pain in the perioperative setting."	( Oral melatonin did not reduce anxiety before elective hernia repair: A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Gram-Hanssen, A; Holm, MA; Madsen, BK; Rosenberg, J; Zetner, DB, 2022)	1.96
"Melatonin (MEL) is a pleiotropic neurohormone of increasing interest as a neuroprotective agent in ocular diseases. "	( Melatonin loaded hybrid nanomedicine: DoE approach, optimization and in vitro study on diabetic retinopathy model. Bonaccorso, A; Bucolo, C; Caggia, C; Carbone, C; Daniela Anfuso, C; Giurdanella, G; Lupo, G; Musumeci, T; Pignatello, R; Randazzo, C; Rizzo, M; Romano, GL; Romeo, A; Ruozi, B; Russo, N; Thomas Duskey, J; Tosi, G, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin is a bio-stimulator involved in mediating plant responses to drought."	( The antioxidant system response to drought-stressed Hu, H; Hu, Y; Lang, D; Zhang, P; Zhang, X; Zhou, R, 2022)	1.44
"Melatonin is a member of the foremost hormones secreted by the pineal gland with numerous pharmacological properties in quite a number of diseases."	( Melatonin Prevents against Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury by Mitigating Ferroptosis via Targeting Brain and Muscle ARNT-like 1 in Mice Liver and HepG2 Cells. Chen, Z; Guan, S; Lu, J; Wang, G; Wang, Z; Zhang, R; Zhao, Y, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin is a master regulator of diverse biological processes, including plant's abiotic stress responses and tolerance. "	( Evidence that miR168a contributes to salinity tolerance of Brassica rapa L. via mediating melatonin biosynthesis. Lindlöf, A; Shamloo-Dashtpagerdi, R; Tahmasebi, S, 2022)	2.39
"Melatonin is a neurohormone that regulates several retinal functions within the retina, and previous studies have shown that melatonin plays an important role in the modulation of the ERG in humans and other vertebrates."	( Assessing the Role of Melatonin in the Modulation of Visual Functions in the Mouse. Baba, K; Tosini, G, 2022)	1.76
"Melatonin is a potent neuroprotective agent which has shown therapeutic effects in animal models of brain injury such as stroke. "	( Photothrombotic Mouse Models for the Study of Melatonin as a Therapeutic Tool After Ischemic Stroke. Cambiaghi, M; Cherchi, L; Comai, S, 2022)	2.42
"Melatonin is a sleep-related neurohormone and affected by the circadian rhythm and light/dark cycles."	( Melatonin protects against body weight gain induced by sleep deprivation in mice. Hu, S; Liu, X; Wang, Y; Wei, S; Zhang, R, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone that is synthesized and released primarily at night from the mammalian pineal gland."	( Melatonin in Endometriosis: Mechanistic Understanding and Clinical Insight. Chung, JP; Fang, L; Hung, SW; Li, Y; Man, GC; Wang, CC; Zhang, R; Zhang, T, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin (MLT) is a hormone responsible for regulating several physiological processes. "	( Influence of melatonin associated with the Bio-Gide® membrane on osteoblast activity: an in vitro Study. Dalla-Costa, KL; França, FM; Kantovitz, KR; Oliveira, EA; Peruzzo, DC, 2022)	2.53
"Melatonin is a known modulator of follicle development; it acts through several molecular cascades via binding to its two specific receptors MT1 and MT2. "	( The genomic response of human granulosa cells (KGN) to melatonin and specific agonists/antagonists to the melatonin receptors. Arjoune, A; Sirard, MA, 2022)	2.41
"Melatonin is a circadian rhythm regulator capable of controlling a variety of physiological processes in the body. "	( Melatonin inhibits muscular-mucosal stretch-sensitive bladder afferents via the MT2 receptors. Ramsay, S; Zagorodnyuk, V, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin functions as a plant growth regulator and biostimulant, with an important role in enhancing plant stress tolerance."	( Melatonin and Indole-3-Acetic Acid Synergistically Regulate Plant Growth and Stress Resistance. Gao, C; Huang, Y; Li, M; Liu, Q; Lv, G; Niu, H; Xu, L; Yang, H; Zhang, M, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin (MT) is an indole neuroendocrine hormone mainly secreted by the pineal gland."	( The neuroprotective effect of melatonin in glutamate excitotoxicity of R28 cells and mouse retinal ganglion cells. An, Y; Ding, L; Li, H; Song, S; Wang, C; Xia, X; Xia, Z; Zhou, X, 2022)	1.73
"Melatonin is a low-cost natural small indole molecule with versatile biological functions. "	( Melatonin functions as a broad-spectrum antifungal by targeting a conserved pathogen protein kinase. Bi, R; Cai, H; Chen, XL; Li, G; Li, R; Liu, J; Sun, P; Teng, H; Wang, D; Wang, G; Xu, W; Yang, W; Zhao, J; Zheng, L; Zhou, Y, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin is a known antioxidant and preclinical studies have shown its ability to modulate reproductive function through hormonal and immune system regulation and sperm cell proliferation."	( Coenzyme Q10 and Melatonin for the Treatment of Male Infertility: A Narrative Review. Boeri, L; Fulgheri, I; Gadda, F; Jannello, LMI; Lucignani, G; Montanari, E; Silvani, C; Somigliana, E; Turetti, M; Viganò, P, 2022)	1.78
"Melatonin acts as an anticancer agent in breast tissue."	( Melatonin: A Potential Antineoplastic Agent in Breast Cancer. Samanta, S, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin (Mel) is a multifunctional biomolecule found in both animals and plants. "	( The pathway of melatonin biosynthesis in common wheat (Triticum aestivum). Chen, J; Chen, W; Cui, F; Fernie, AR; Gao, L; He, Z; Hu, X; Lan, C; Li, D; Liu, W; Yin, H; Zhang, Y, 2023)	2.71
"Melatonin (MT) is a pleiotropic molecule that regulates plant growth and organ development and alleviates heavy metal stresses."	( Melatonin alleviates arsenite toxicity by decreasing the arsenic accumulation in cell protoplasts and increasing the antioxidant capacity in rice. Bao, Q; Chu, Y; Huang, Y; Li, Y; Sun, H, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin is a promising molecule for the treatment of breast cancer with antitumor effects on tumorigenesis and tumor progression."	( Antitumor effect of melatonin on breast cancer in experimental models: A systematic review. do Carmo Neto, JR; Franco, PIR; Machado, JR; Miguel, MP; Milhomem, AC, 2023)	1.96
"Melatonin is an endogenous hormone and can restore gut microbial dysbiosis under various disease conditions."	( Rescue of social deficits by early-life melatonin supplementation through modulation of gut microbiota in a murine model of autism. Cui, Y; Li, XG; Liu, W; Liu, X; Qiu, B; Wang, X; Xiang, G; Yu, M; Zhang, D; Zhang, Y, 2022)	1.71
"Melatonin is a molecule with different antitumor actions in breast cancer and has been described as an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). "	( Development of in vitro and in vivo tools to evaluate the antiangiogenic potential of melatonin to neutralize the angiogenic effects of VEGF and breast cancer cells: CAM assay and 3D endothelial cell spheroids. Alba, E; Aranega-Martín, L; Boutriq, S; Castellano-Castillo, D; González-González, A; Laborda-Illanes, A; Peralta-Linero, J; Plaza-Andrades, I; Queipo-Ortuño, MI; Sánchez-Alcoholado, L, 2023)	2.58
"Melatonin (MT) acts as a protective for the ovary."	( Melatonin suppresses serum starvation-induced autophagy of ovarian granulosa cells in premature ovarian insufficiency. Leng, X; Li, Y; Wu, D; Xu, C; Zhao, W; Zhou, X, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin acts as a free radical scavenger and thus inhibits the initiation of cancer cell growth."	( An exclusive review of melatonin effects on mammalian melanocytes and melanoma. Ahmad, N; Mubashshir, M; Ovais, M; Sköld, HN, 2023)	1.94
"Melatonin is a new plant hormone involved in multiple physiological functions in plants such as germination, photosynthesis, plant growth, flowering, fruiting, and senescence, among others. "	( Role of Melatonin and Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants: Implications under Nitrogen-Excess or Nitrogen-Low. Arnao, MB; Cano, A; Hernández-Ruiz, J, 2022)	2.6
"Melatonin is a multifunctional nontoxic bio-stimulant or signaling molecule, generally distributing in different animal and plant organs for invigorating numerous physiological processes against abiotic stresses. "	( Exogenous melatonin improves salt tolerance mainly by regulating the antioxidant system in cyanobacterium An, J; Liu, W; Yuan, X; Zheng, T, 2022)	2.57
"Melatonin is a plant hormone that has a key role in abiotic stress inhibition, but the mechanism of resilience to As stress remains unexplored in rice plants."	( Melatonin alleviates arsenic (As) toxicity in rice plants via modulating antioxidant defense system and secondary metabolites and reducing oxidative stress. Asaf, S; Asif, S; Bhatta, D; Du, XX; Jan, R; Kim, KM; Lee, IJ; Nari, K; Park, JR, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin (Mel) is a powerful antioxidant."	( Melatonin ameliorates arsenic-induced cardiotoxicity through the regulation of the Sirt1/Nrf2 pathway in rats. Aghaee-Bakhtiari, SH; Barangi, S; Hayes, AW; Hosseinzadeh, H; Karimi, G; Mehri, S; Moosavi, Z; Reiter, RJ; Yarmohammadi, F, )	2.3
"Melatonin (MT) is a phytohormone-like substance and is profoundly involved in modulating nearly all aspects of plant development and acclimation to environmental stressors. "	( Improvement of Seed Germination under Salt Stress via Overexpressing Caffeic Acid O-methyltransferase 1 (SlCOMT1) in Solanum lycopersicum L. Chu, S; Ge, L; Hu, J; Liu, Y; Shi, Q; Tang, H; Wang, Q; Yang, X; Zhang, N, 2023)	2.35
"Melatonin (MLT) is a free radical scavenger that effectively prevents hematopoietic, immune, and gastrointestinal damage induced by IR."	( Sex Differences of Radiation Damage in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice and the Regulatory Effect of Melatonin. Fan, S; Li, D; Li, H; Lu, L; Ren, J; Wu, X; Yuan, T; Zhang, J, 2022)	1.66
"Melatonin is a widely used drug that can affect adipocyte inflammation, resulting in adipose tissue browning. "	( Effects of Melatonin on Fat Graft Retention Through Browning of Adipose Tissue and Alternative Macrophage Polarization. Dang, J; Dou, W; Jiao, Y; Song, B; Wang, K; Wang, T; Yi, C; Yu, Z, 2023)	2.74
"Melatonin is an endogenous hormone which modulates sleep-wake cycles. "	( Melatonin alleviates PTSD-like behaviors and restores serum GABA and cortisol levels in mice. Jin, W; Li, W; Sun, Y; Wang, Q; Xu, Z; Yang, J; Yu, L, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin (MT) is a new plant hormone that protects against adverse environmental conditions. "	( Melatonin Involved in Protective Effects against Cadmium Stress in Bajguz, A; Chmur, M, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin is a serotonin-derived pineal gland hormone with many biological functions like regulating the sleep-wake cycle, circadian rhythm, menstrual cycle, aging, immunity, and antioxidants. "	( Exploring the Mechanical Perspective of a New Anti-Tumor Agent: Melatonin. Almalki, WH; Chellappan, DK; Dua, K; Fuloria, NK; Fuloria, S; Gupta, G; Haniffa, SM; Jha, NK; Negi, P; Priya, S; Rohilla, S; Sekar, M; Singh, M; Singh, SK; Subramaniyan, V, 2023)	2.59
"Melatonin is a natural neuroprotective hormone, which makes it promising for the treatment of neurodegeneration after asphyxia."	( Melatonin: A Potential Candidate for the Treatment of Experimental and Clinical Perinatal Asphyxia. Furmaga-Jabłońska, W; Januszewski, S; Pluta, R; Tarkowska, A, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin is a natural molecule present throughout both the plant and animal kingdoms."	( Therapeutic effects of melatonin on endometriosis, targeting molecular pathways: Current knowledge and future perspective. Asemi, R; Asemi, Z; Badehnoosh, B; Rajabpoor Nikoo, N; Reiter, RJ; Shafabakhsh, R; Sharifi, M, 2023)	1.94
"Melatonin acts as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic agent and introduces as a therapeutic strategy for AA-induced hepatotoxicity."	( Therapeutic role of melatonin on acrylamide-induced hepatotoxicity in pinealectomized rats: Effects on oxidative stress, NF-κB signaling pathway, and hepatocellular proliferation. Altinoz, E; Bicer, Y; Elbe, H; Karayakali, M; Onal, MO; Ozturk, I, 2023)	1.96
"Melatonin is a hormone with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may alleviate the effects of stress on hematologic and biochemical analytes in working donkeys that pack (load-carry)."	( Effects of melatonin on hematologic and biochemical changes and the effects of circadian rhythm on hematologic changes in donkeys (Equus asinus) subjected to packing during the hot-dry season. Ake, AS; Aluwong, T; Ayo, JO; Mohammed, A, 2023)	2.74
"Melatonin (MEL) is a neurohormone endowed with neuroprotective activity, exerted both directly on neuronal cells and indirectly through modulation of responsive glial cells. "	( Melatonin Activates Anti-Inflammatory Features in Microglia in a Multicellular Context: Evidence from Organotypic Brain Slices and HMC3 Cells. Caruso, GI; Humpel, C; Khodorovska, A; Korde, DS; Merlo, S; Sortino, MA, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, it has powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in addition to regulating biological rhythms."	( Melatonin reduces IL-33 and TSLP expression in human nasal epithelial cells by scavenging ROS directly. Gong, MJ; Hu, ZZ; Lou, M; Ma, RP; Wang, YS; Zhang, HB; Zhang, Y; Zheng, GX, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin is an alternative agent that may be helpful in treating HCC."	( Melatonin modulates the Warburg effect and alters the morphology of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line resulting in reduced viability and migratory potential. Bidóia, DL; Concato, VM; Cruz, EMS; de Almeida Chuffa, LG; de Morais, JMB; de Souza Cremer, M; Inoue, FSR; Machado, RRB; Mantovani, MS; Panis, C; Pavanelli, WR; Seiva, FRF; Silva, TF, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin is a potential compound for the treatment of AML1-ETO-positive acute myeloid leukemia."	( Melatonin promotes differentiation and apoptosis of AML1-ETO-positive cells. Li, P; Liu, X; Sun, W; Wang, L; Zhou, B, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin (MT) is a major hormonal regulator of the circadian rhythm, and influences dentin formation and odontoblastic differentiation during tooth development; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive."	( Melatonin-mediated malic enzyme 2 orchestrates mitochondrial fusion and respiratory functions to promote odontoblastic differentiation during tooth development. Chen, H; Fan, W; He, H; He, Y; Huang, F; Jia, S; Jiang, L; Kang, J; Liu, J; Sheng, X; Yang, S; Zhang, F, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland."	( Histological study of the role of CD34+ stem cells and mast cells in cyclophosphamide-induced thymic injury in rats and the possible attenuating role of melatonin. Hamed, WHE; Mazroa, SA; Moustafa, AM; Shrief, AI, 2023)	1.83
"Melatonin is a hormone that is mainly secreted by the pineal gland, and is also produced in the retina."	( Melatonin Inhibits VEGF-Induced Endothelial Progenitor Cell Angiogenesis in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Fong, YC; Huang, WC; Huynh, TK; Ko, CY; Lai, CY; Lee, JJ; Lin, LW; Tang, CH; Wang, SW; Yang, SF, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule that can influence various aspects of plant performance. "	( Exogenous melatonin induces phenolic compounds production in Linum album cells by altering nitric oxide and salicylic acid. Esmaeili, S; Ghanati, F; Sagharyan, M; Samari, E; Sharifi, M; Soltani, BM, 2023)	2.76
"Melatonin is a sleep-promoting agent, with waste clearance from the CNS being highest especially during slow wave sleep."	( Brain washing and neural health: role of age, sleep, and the cerebrospinal fluid melatonin rhythm. Cucielo, MS; de Almeida Chuffa, LG; Gancitano, G; Reiter, RJ; Rosales-Corral, S; Sharma, R; Tan, DX, 2023)	1.86
"Melatonin is an indolamine hormone that has improved survival in previous trials with patients diagnosed with various cancers, including advanced cutaneous melanoma."	( Adjuvant melatonin for uveal melanoma (AMUM): protocol for a randomized open-label phase III study. Hagström, A; Kal Omar, R; Stålhammar, G, 2023)	2.05
"Melatonin is a natural, highly effective antioxidant playing a pivotal role in the male reproductive system."	( The protective role of melatonin in citalopram-induced reproductive toxicity via modulating nitro-oxidative stress and apoptosis in male mice. Douhandeh, E; Faramarzi, A; Hashemian, AH; Hashemian, MA; Moradi, M; Peysokhan, M, 2023)	1.94
"Melatonin is a multifunctional hormone synthesized in the pineal gland and peripheral reproductive tissues that regulates many biological processes. "	( Expression of the melatonergic system during meiotic maturation of cynomolgus monkey cumulus-oocyte complexes. Choi, WS; Huh, JW; Jeong, PS; Jin, YB; Kang, HG; Kim, SU; Lee, S; Sim, BW; Song, BS, 2023)	2.35
"Melatonin is a neurohormone that is mainly secreted by the pineal gland. "	( Melatonin Treatment in Kidney Diseases. Markowska, M; Niemczyk, S; Romejko, K, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant that lowers viscosity to increase ATP by scavenging excess reactive oxygen species and free radicals."	( Light, Water, and Melatonin: The Synergistic Regulation of Phase Separation in Dementia. Loh, D; Reiter, RJ, 2023)	1.97
"Melatonin is a well-known natural hormone, which shows a potential anticancer effect in many human cancers. "	( Melatonin inhibits bladder tumorigenesis by suppressing PPARγ/ENO1-mediated glycolysis. Deng, Z; Fang, Y; Ju, L; Liu, W; Qian, K; Shan, D; Shen, D; Wang, G; Wang, X; Xiao, Y; Yu, M; Zhang, Y; Zhou, F, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin (MLT) is a hormone with potential anti-tumor properties, but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. "	( Melatonin enhances anti-tumor immunity by targeting macrophages PD-L1 via exosomes derived from gastric cancer cells. Cai, R; Chen, X; Fei, S; Feng, S; Liu, H; Song, J; Wang, K; Zhang, L; Zhang, Z; Zhou, R, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin (MT) is a indole substance that can mitigate plant damage under heat stress."	( Exogenous melatonin ameliorates heat damages by regulating growth, photosynthetic efficiency and leaf ultrastructure of carnation. Hu, D; Li, Y; Liu, J; Nie, Y; Wan, X; Wang, C; Xue, P; Zhang, X, 2023)	2.03
"Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant regulating various biological functions, including alleviating male reproductive damage under pathological conditions. "	( Melatonin improves the ability of spermatozoa to bind with oocytes in the mouse. Liu, F; Liu, X; Liu, Y; Teng, Z; Wang, Z; Xie, M; Zhang, Y; Zhu, P, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin is considered to be a polyfunctional master regulator in animals and higher plants. "	( A cysteine-rich secretory protein involves in phytohormone melatonin mediated plant resistance to CGMMV. Chen, LL; Han, XY; Jiang, XL; Li, HL; Li, QL; Liu, YQ; Shi, Y; Shi, YJ; Wang, H; Yang, LL; Yang, X, 2023)	2.6
"Melatonin (MT) is a multipotent substance proven to delay leaf senescence."	( Morphological and Physiological Mechanisms of Melatonin on Delaying Drought-Induced Leaf Senescence in Cotton. Bai, Z; Li, A; Li, C; Liu, L; Liu, M; Liu, X; Sun, H; Yang, K; Zhang, H; Zhang, K; Zhang, Y; Zhu, J; Zhu, L, 2023)	1.89
"Melatonin is a broad-spectrum oxygen scavenger that plays a key role in alleviating stress-induced damage in plants."	( Exogenous melatonin alleviates apple replant disease by regulating rhizosphere soil microbial community structure and nitrogen metabolism. He, X; Li, Z; Liang, B; Xu, J; Yin, B; Zhang, J; Zhang, X; Zhou, S, 2023)	2.03
"Melatonin (ME) is a stress mitigating molecule, which alleviates HM-induced phytotoxicity, but the possible underlying mechanism of ME functions under HMs' phytotoxicity is still unclear."	( Melatonin enhanced the heavy metal-stress tolerance of pepper by mitigating the oxidative damage and reducing the heavy metal accumulation. Ahmad, P; Altaf, MA; Alyemeni, MN; Cheng, S; Hao, Y; Mumtaz, MA; Shu, H; Wang, Z, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin (MLT) is a promising antioxidant that can be used for reproductive protection."	( Melatonin alleviates cisplatin-induced mice spermatogenesis defects. Jun, LF; Lin, WZ; Nan, LY; Peng, Z; Sheng, ZY; Xia, LX; Xin, WZ; Zi, T, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin is an endogenous free radical scavenger with antioxidant activity that preserves the commercial value of postharvest fruits and delays fruit senescence. "	( Potential role of exogenous melatonin involved in postharvest quality maintenance of Vitis labrusca × vinifera 'Kyoho'. Ban, Z; Cao, K; Chen, C; Li, L; Liu, L; Niu, C; Wang, L; Wu, Z; Zhang, S; Zhu, Y, 2023)	2.65
"Melatonin is a pleiotropic signal molecule that plays a critical role in plant growth and stress tolerance, particularly against heavy metals in soil."	( Deciphering the melatonin-mediated response and signalling in the regulation of heavy metal stress in plants. Adavi, S; Ahmed, P; Altaf, MA; Bairwa, RK; Dey, A; Gopalakrishnan, AV; Jena, R; Kumar, A; Kumar, R; Lal, MK; Mandal, S; Sharma, N; Srivastava, D; Tiwari, RK, 2023)	1.98
"Melatonin is an important signal to recognize the changes of photoperiod, and the circadian clock plays an important role in the pituitary to interpret the signal of melatonin and regulate the changes of downstream signals, which plays an important guiding role in the recognition of annual changes in the environment and the generation of the body's annual rhythm."	( The mechanism of circadian clock and its influence on animal circannual rhythm. Chu, MX; Liu, QY; Yang, Y, 2023)	1.63
"Melatonin is a pineal hormone with a complex role. "	( Melatonin supplementation improves rheumatological disease activity: A systematic review. de Carvalho, JF; Skare, TL, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin is an endogenous hormone, known as the sleep hormone, which has already demonstrated its antinociceptive effect. "	( Melatonin promotes orofacial antinociception in adult zebrafish by modulating TRP channels. Campos, AR; Leite, GO; Sampaio, GMMS; Vieira-Neto, AE, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin (MT) is an indole hormone widely found in plants and animals. "	( Effects of dietary melatonin on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and nonspecific immunity in crayfish, Cherax destructor. Du, X; Jiang, Q; Li, Y; Tian, J; Xu, W; Yang, Y; Ye, Y; Zhao, Y, 2023)	2.68
"Melatonin is a hormone synthesized by the pineal gland, and has antioxidative effects in reducing acute kidney injury (AKI). "	( Effects of melatonin against acute kidney injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chen, X; Feng, X; Gan, Y; Gao, J; Wang, S; Yang, J, 2023)	2.74
"Melatonin is a hormone synthesized in the pineal gland and is responsible for circadian rhythm."	( Combination of Irinotecan and Melatonin with the Natural Compounds Wogonin and Celastrol for Colon Cancer Treatment. Barg, E; Bęben, D; Emhemmed, F; Frąszczak, J; Gębczak, K; Moreira, H; Muller, CD; Nowak, P; Radajewska, A; Siwiela, O; Szyjka, A, 2023)	1.92
"Melatonin is a promising neuroprotective agent that can regulate microglial polarization in central nervous system (CNS) diseases."	( Melatonin regulates microglial polarization and protects against ischemic stroke-induced brain injury in mice. He, T; Li, D; Liu, J; Wang, D; Wang, Q; Yuan, Y; Zhang, S; Zhang, Y; Zhao, H, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin is a stress-related hormone that plays a critical role in triggering the plant defence system and regulating secondary metabolism when plants are exposed to stress. "	( Melatonin enhances biomass, phenolic accumulation, and bioactivities of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) in vitro shoots under UV-B stress. Gu, L; Liu, J; Wang, H; Wang, W; Yao, L; Yun, C; Zhao, Z, )	3.02
"Melatonin is a neurohormone involved in diverse physiological processes, including regulation of circadian rhythm, oncogenesis and immune function. "	( Identification of prognostic melatonin-related lncRNA signature in tumor immune microenvironment and drug resistance for breast cancer. Gao, SC; Liu, YF; Wang, CL; Wu, MD; Zhang, XX, 2023)	2.64
"Melatonin (Mel) is an endogenous protective molecule with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, and antiaging effects."	( Melatonin alleviates cadmium-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in ducks by alleviating autophagic flow arrest via PPAR-α and reducing oxidative stress. Ali, W; Bian, J; Bian, Y; Gu, J; Liu, Z; Ma, Y; Sun, J; Wang, T; Yuan, Y; Zou, H, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin is a physiological indoleamine involved in circadian rhythm regulation and it is currently used for secondary sleep disorders caused by various diseases."	( Melatonin effects on sleep quality of COVID-19 patients: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials with trial sequential analysis. Guo, S; Sun, R; Zhang, H; Zhang, JJ, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin is a fascinating molecule that has captured the imagination of many scientists since its discovery in 1958. "	( Melatonin: Facts, Extrapolations and Clinical Trials. Boutin, JA; Jockers, R; Kennaway, DJ, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin (Mel) is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that regulates the circadian rhythms and improves obesity."	( Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Lipid Metabolism and Body Fat Accumulation in Ovariectomized Rats. Chien, YW; Hsu, LW, 2023)	2.02
"Melatonin (MLT) is an antioxidant that has been reported to prevent IR-induced damage in a range of systems, including the hematopoietic system and gastrointestinal tract."	( Amelioration of gamma irradiation-induced salivary gland damage in mice using melatonin. Fan, S; Lu, L; Ren, J; Wang, Z; Zhu, T, 2023)	1.86
"Melatonin is a neurohormone secreted predominantly by the pineal gland that is demonstrated to be associated with the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). "	( Clinical efficacy and safety of melatonin supplementation in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Gholipour-Khalili, E; Hakimzadeh, Z; Hamidi, S; Kakaei, J; Morsali, S; Naseri, A; Sabahi, Z; Sanaie, S; Talebi, M, 2023)	2.64
"Melatonin is an endogenous hormone and has beneficial effects on the reproductive system."	( Mitigation of triptolide-induced testicular Sertoli cell damage by melatonin via regulating the crosstalk between SIRT1 and NRF2. Huang, J; Huang, M; Huang, Z; Jiang, S; Jin, J; Qin, Z; Song, J; Zhang, G, 2023)	1.87
"Melatonin (MLT) is an endogenously created indole derivative that modifies several tasks, involving mitochondria-associated activities."	( Melatonin as mitochondria-targeted drug. Saso, L; Suzen, S, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin is a powerful biological agent that has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis and also exerts anti-inflammatory effects. "	( Angiogenesis, coagulation, and fibrinolytic markers in acute promyelocytic leukemia (NB4): An evaluation of melatonin effects. Amirzargar, MR; Faranoush, M; Kooshari, A; Nekouian, R; Shahidi, M; Shahriyary, F; Vafajoo, M, 2023)	2.57
"Melatonin is a safe molecule that affects almost all components of the tumor immune microenvironment and prevents them from being negatively affected by the tumor."	( Cancer-associated immune cells and their modulation by melatonin. Asghari, MH; Fallah, M; Hekmatirad, S; Moloudizargari, M; Poortahmasebi, V; Rahimi, A, 2023)	1.88
"Melatonin (MT) is a sort of indole neurohormone that is mainly secreted by the pineal gland."	( Melatonin alleviates 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobenzene induced colon injury by relieving oxidative stress. Li, S; Luo, D; Wang, X; Xia, Y; Zhang, J, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin is a hormone that plays a crucial role in biological rhythms."	( Glycemic Variability in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): The Role of Melatonin in a Crossover, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Study. Martorina, W; Tavares, A, 2023)	1.86
"Melatonin is an indole endocrine hormone mainly produced by the pineal gland and it has the ability to easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier."	( [Research research on the use of melatonin in combination with therapeutic hypothermia for the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy]. Liu, YX; Xia, SW, 2023)	1.91
"Melatonin is a functionally conserved broad-spectrum physiological regulator found in most biological organisms in nature. "	( Understanding the mechanism of red light-induced melatonin biosynthesis facilitates the engineering of melatonin-enriched tomatoes. Chen, Y; Jiang, W; Liu, M; Wang, J; Wang, S; Wu, Y; Yang, X; Zhang, J; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z, 2023)	2.61
"Melatonin is a hormone synthesized by the pineal gland with neuroprotective and neurodevelopmental effects. "	( Melatonin Prevents Depression but Not Anxiety-like Behavior Produced by the Chemotherapeutic Agent Temozolomide: Implication of Doublecortin Cells and Hilar Oligodendrocytes. Cabrera-Muñoz, EA; Díaz-Yañez, L; Meneses-San Juan, D; Ramírez-Rodríguez, GB; Reyes-Galindo, V; Vega-Rivera, NM, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin is an effective antioxidant agent that protects testicles against physical and toxic chemical stressors in animal models."	( Protective effects of exogenous melatonin therapy against oxidative stress to male reproductive tissue caused by anti-cancer chemical and radiation therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Azarpira, N; Dehdari Ebrahimi, N; Eghlidos, Z; Rahimian, Z; Sadeghi, A; Safarpour, AR; Shahlaee, MA; Shojaei-Zarghani, S; Taherifard, E, 2023)	1.92
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and exogenous melatonin treatment is neuroprotective in experimental HD models."	( Biosynthesis of neuroprotective melatonin is dysregulated in Huntington's disease. Baranov, SV; Baranova, OV; Carlisle, DL; Friedlander, RM; Heath, BE; Jia, J; Kim, J; Lariviere, WR; Larkin, TM; Li, W; Suofu, Y; Wang, J; Wang, X, 2023)	1.92
"Melatonin (MLT) is an important pineal hormone with tremendous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties."	( Melatonin targets ferroptosis through bimodal alteration of redox environment and cellular pathways in NAFLD model. Das, S; Manna, K; Saha, KD; Saha, M, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin is an endogenous hormone related to the regulation of biorhythm. "	( Melatonin attenuates cellular senescence and apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy by regulating STAT3 phosphorylation. Fang, X; Gao, F; Huang, D; Huang, W; Liu, F; Sun, Q; Sun, R; Wang, B; Zhang, Y; Zhao, Y, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin is an endogenous indoleamine that plays a significant role in various physiological processes, including the sleep-wake cycle, anxiety, immunity, and circadian rhythms. "	( Changes in RBM47 expression based on the timing of melatonin administration and its effects on Nrf2 activity in the hippocampus. Lee, SH; Lim, HS; Park, G; Seo, H, 2023)	2.6
"Melatonin is a multifunctional bioactive molecule present in almost all organisms and has been gradually used in the aquaculture industry in recent years. "	( Comparative metabolomics analysis investigating the impact of melatonin-enriched diet on energy metabolism in the crayfish, Cherax destructor. Du, X; Huang, Y; Jiang, Q; Li, Y; Ping, C; Tian, J; Xu, W; Yang, Y; Ye, Y; Zhao, Y; Zhu, B, 2023)	2.59
"Melatonin is a hormone that has shown anti-inflammatory actions, reduced oxidative stress, and has effects on physical performance, so the aim of this study was to review the effects of melatonin supplementation on the performance of professional soccer players."	( The Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Professional Football Player Performance: A Systematic Review. Almendros-Ruiz, A; Conde-Pipò, J; Lopez-Moro, A; Mariscal-Arcas, M; Requena, B; Santalla, A, 2023)	2.71
"Melatonin is a neurohormone that has anticonvulsant activity in different experimental seizure models including hyperthermic febrile seizure. "	( Role of Melatonin Receptors in Hyperthermia-Induced Acute Seizure Model of Rats. Aydin, L; Baltaci, AK; Mogulkoc, R, 2019)	2.39
"Melatonin is a well-documented antioxidant. "	( Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Activities of Melatonin in the Presence of Copper and Polyphenols In Vitro and In Vivo. He, Y; Jia, L; Reiter, RJ; Wang, J; Wang, X; Yang, CS; Zhang, J, 2019)	2.22
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and improves inflammatory processes and energy metabolism."	( Melatonin Supplementation Attenuates the Pro-Inflammatory Adipokines Expression in Visceral Fat from Obese Mice Induced by A High-Fat Diet. Alonso-Vale, MIC; Antraco, VJ; Cruz, MM; de Sa, RDCDC; Farias, TDSM; Paixao, RID; Simão, JJ, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin is a hormone synthesized and secreted by mammalian pineal gland and plays a protective role in various cardiovascular diseases through its powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties."	( Melatonin alleviates cigarette smoke-induced endothelial cell pyroptosis through inhibiting ROS/NLRP3 axis. Bian, Y; Liu, C; Liu, X; Ma, B; Ni, L; Song, X; Wang, X; Zeng, R; Zhang, R; Zhao, Z, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin is a hormone synthesized in the pineal and extra-pineal organs such as the digestive tract, bone marrow, retina and more."	( Molecular and Biological Functions of Melatonin in Endometrial Cancer. Asemi, Z; Chaichian, S; Chamani, M; Dana, PM; Moazzami, B; Mobini, M; Sadoughi, F; Shafabakhsh, R, 2020)	1.55
"Melatonin is an endogenously-produced molecule that functions as a copper chelator, a potent antioxidant, and as a suppressor of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response in both the liver and the brain, while also reducing fibrosis/cirrhosis in the liver."	( Melatonin: A hypothesis regarding its use to treat Wilson disease. Ma, Q; Reiter, RJ; Sharma, R, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin is a potent oxygen scavenger and is capable of altering blood flow in various vascular beds."	( The effect of melatonin on ultrasound markers of follicular development: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial. da Silva Costa, F; Fernando, S; Hong, J; Hope, N; Lawrence, A; Lawrence, M; Leong, K; Lolatgis, N; Rombauts, L; Russell, C; Thomas, P; Vollenhoven, B; Wallace, EM; White, N; Wong, M, 2020)	2.36
"Melatonin is a neurohormone with antioxidant and vasodilator properties at the pulmonary level."	( Melatonin long-lasting beneficial effects on pulmonary vascular reactivity and redox balance in chronic hypoxic ovine neonates. Aguilar, SA; Candia, AA; Ebensperger, G; Feixes, E; Figueroa, EG; Gonzaléz-Candia, A; Gonzalez-Candia, C; Herrera, EA; Llanos, AJ; Reyes, RV, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that plays multifarious roles in plants stress tolerance. "	( Melatonin alleviates heat-induced damage of tomato seedlings by balancing redox homeostasis and modulating polyamine and nitric oxide biosynthesis. Chen, Z; Guo, S; He, M; Jahan, MS; Shu, S; Sun, J; Tao, M; Wang, Y, 2019)	3.4
"Melatonin is a neurohormone that is linked to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. "	( Reversal of Schizophrenia-like Symptoms and Cholinergic Alterations by Melatonin. Akram, M; Andrabi, SS; Kaushik, M; Parveen, K; Parvez, S; Tabassum, H; Vishnoi, S, 2019)	2.19
"Melatonin is a known effective antitumour and anti-invasive agent, but whether it affects the formation and underlying mechanisms of PVR remains unclear."	( Melatonin attenuates epidermal growth factor-induced cathepsin S expression in ARPE-19 cells: Implications for proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Chen, PN; Chen, YS; Chien, HW; Chiou, HL; Hsieh, YH; Lee, CY; Lin, CL; Wang, K; Yang, SF, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin (MEL) is a neurohormone in humans produced in a number of locations. "	( Case report of sudden death in a twin infant given melatonin supplementation: A challenging interpretation of postmortem toxicology. Briones, AJ; Gordon, CJ; Jackson, GF; Shimomura, ET; Warren, WS, 2019)	2.21
"Melatonin is an antioxidant; however, its role in MTX neuropathy is not well studied."	( Melatonin rescued methotrexate-induced spatial deficit and hyperhomocysteinemia and increased asymmetric dimethylarginine in plasma and dorsal hippocampus in developing rats. Chen, YC; Hsiao, CC; Hsu, MH; Huang, LT; Sheen, JM; Wang, SC, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin is a natural agent with anti-cancer functions that has also been suggested as an adjuvant in combination with cancer therapy modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and tumor vaccination."	( Boosting immune system against cancer by melatonin: A mechanistic viewpoint. Farhood, B; Mirtavoos-Mahyari, H; Mortezaee, K; Motevaseli, E; Musa, AE; Najafi, M; Potes, Y; Shabeeb, D, 2019)	1.5
"Melatonin is a hormone which is generated from pineal gland, and it is responsible for the regulation of wake-sleep cycle. "	( Melatonin ameliorates ochratoxin A-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in porcine oocytes. Lan, M; Pan, MH; Sun, SC; Wan, X; Xu, Y; Zhang, Y, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland under the control of the circadian rhythm, and is released in the dark and suppressed during the day. "	( A new prospective on the role of melatonin in diabetes and its complications. Chye, SM; Koh, RY; Mok, JX; Ng, KY; Ooi, JH, 2019)	2.24
"Melatonin is a neuroregulator hormone that has free radical scavenger, strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive actions."	( Melatonin: A review of its potential functions and effects on neurological diseases. Acet, HA; Gunata, M; Parlakpinar, H, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin is a pleiotrophic hormone, synthesised primarily by the pineal gland under the control of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). "	( Increased plasma melatonin in presymptomatic Huntington disease sheep (Ovis aries): Compensatory neuroprotection in a neurodegenerative disease? Bawden, CS; Kuchel, TR; Middleton, B; Morton, AJ; Rudiger, S; Skene, DJ, 2020)	2.34
"Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule and exists across kingdoms. "	( Molecular cloning and characterization of a grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) serotonin N-acetyltransferase (VvSNAT2) gene involved in plant defense. Bian, L; Guo, D; Jiao, Z; Wan, Y; Yu, K; Yu, Y; Zhang, G, 2019)	1.96
"Melatonin (MT) is a plant growth regulator used to delay senescence in postharvest fruit during storage; however, its effect on aroma of pear fruit remains unclear."	( Effects of Melatonin Treatment of Postharvest Pear Fruit on Aromatic Volatile Biosynthesis. Liu, H; Liu, J; Ma, F; Wang, Z; Wu, T; Xu, L; Yang, C; Zhai, R, 2019)	1.63
"Melatonin is a well-documented hormone that plays central roles in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles. "	( Luzindole attenuates LPS/d-galactosamine-induced acute hepatitis in mice. Huang, J; Li, L; Luo, Y; Shen, Y; Tang, L; Yang, Y; Zhang, L, 2020)	2
"Melatonin is a neurohormone mainly produced by the pineal gland following a circadian rhythm. "	( The role of melatonin in Multiple Sclerosis. Anagnostouli, M; Skarlis, C, 2020)	2.38
"Melatonin is a circadian hormone produced at night by the pineal gland, regulated by the light/dark cycle, under the control of the suprachiasmatic nucleus."	( Influence of Dietary Sources of Melatonin on Sleep Quality: A Review. Hachul, H; Naufel, MF; Pereira, N; Ribeiro, EB; Tufik, S, 2020)	1.56
"Melatonin is an indole neuroendocrine hormone that is mainly secreted by the pineal gland to regulate circadian rhythm, antioxidation, and immune regulation. "	( Effect of melatonin on T/B cell activation and immune regulation in pinealectomy mice. Chen, X; Huang, J; Lin, X; Luo, J; Song, J; Sun, H; Zhang, Z; Zhou, R, 2020)	2.4
"Melatonin is an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger in various cells."	( Cryoprotective effect of melatonin supplementation on post-thawed rooster sperm quality. Ligocka, Z; Mehaisen, GMK; Niżański, W; Partyka, A, 2020)	1.58
"Melatonin is a strictly regulated output of the circadian timing system, but under certain conditions, may also entrain the circadian pacemaker and clocks in peripheral tissues."	( Temporal organization of pineal melatonin signaling in mammals. Gorman, MR, 2020)	1.56
"Melatonin is a multifunctional signalling molecule that is secreted by the mammalian pineal gland, and also found in a number of organisms including plants and bacteria. "	( Melatonin and Melatonergic Influence on Neuronal Transcription Factors: Implications for the Development of Novel Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Nathaniel, TI; Olowe, OA; Onaolapo, AY; Onaolapo, OJ; Udoh, DO; Udoh, MO, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin is a neurohormone involved in bone homeostasis. "	( Melatonin up-regulates bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells osteogenic action but suppresses their mediated osteoclastogenesis via MT Ding, D; Si, J; Wang, B; Wang, C; Wang, H; Zhang, D; Zhang, J; Zhou, Y, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin is an endogenous hormone exerting multiple biological effects, mainly in regulating diurnal rhythms, also in inflammatory process and immune response."	( Assessment of melatonergics in prevention of delirium in critically ill patients: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Du, B; Huang, H; Jiang, Z; Li, W; Ren, C; Wang, Y; Xi, X; Yao, Y; Zhang, L; Zhu, Y, 2020)	1.28
"Melatonin is an indole amine that interacts with some proteins in mammals, such as calreticulin, calmodulin or sirtuins. "	( Melatonin and glycolytic protein interactions are related to yeast fermentative capacity. Beltran, G; González, B; Mas, A; Morcillo-Parra, MÁ; Torija, MJ, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin is a hormone produced and secreted primarily by the pineal gland and mainly metabolised in the liver. "	( Serum melatonin in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunting, with and without hepatic encephalopathy. Ferreira, MDF; Gow, AG; Mellanby, RJ, 2020)	2.48
"Melatonin is a hormone that can modulate aggressive interactions in fish, stimulate antioxidant enzymes, and neutralize the biological damage caused by high free radical production. "	( Melatonin reduces aggressiveness and improves oxidative status of matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) subjected to social challenge. Carvalho, TB; da Silva, ECC; de Amaral, AP, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin is a ubiquitous indoleamine hormone synthesized primarily by the pineal gland. "	( Protective effects of melatonin on male fertility preservation and reproductive system. Deng, SL; Li, HY; Li, XY; Sun, TC; Tian, L; Yu, K, 2020)	2.32
"Melatonin is an endogenous indoleamine hormone involved in various physiological processes. "	( Melatonin inhibits apoptosis in mouse Leydig cells via the retinoic acid-related orphan nuclear receptor α/p53 pathway. Li, Z; Liu, H; Lu, W; Wang, J; Zhao, J, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin is an endogenous hormone and free radical scavenger that possesses the ability to protect the DNA and to exert anti-proliferative effects in melanoma cells."	( Anti-genotoxic and anti-mutagenic effects of melatonin supplementation in a mouse model of melanoma. Damiani, AP; de Andrade, VM; de Oliveira, CA; Luciano, JA; Martins Longaretti, L; Pereira, M; Rigo, FK; Rohr, P; Steiner, BT; Strapazzon, G; Trevisan, G; Vilela, TC, 2022)	1.7
"Melatonin is a well-studied neurohormone oscillating in a 24-h cycle in vertebrates. "	( Daily rhythms of phytomelatonin signaling modulate diurnal stomatal closure via regulating reactive oxygen species dynamics in Arabidopsis. Chang, W; Chen, Q; Cui, X; Li, D; Ma, W; Peng, Z; Reiter, RJ; Rengel, Z; Shen, J; Song, Z; Sun, W; Wei, J; Xu, X; Yang, Q; Yang, W; Yu, D; Yuan, L, 2020)	2.32
"Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland, and it has extensive beneficial effects on various tissue and organs; however, whether melatonin has any effect on cardiac fibrosis in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is still unknown. "	( Melatonin alleviates cardiac fibrosis via inhibiting lncRNA MALAT1/miR-141-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome and TGF-β1/Smads signaling in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Che, H; Dong, R; Li, H; Li, Y; Liu, Y; Lv, J; Sahil, A; Wang, L; Wang, Y; Xue, H; Yang, Z, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin (MT) is an important electroactive hormone that regulates different physiological actions in the brain, ranging from circadian clock to neurodegeneration. "	( Electrochemical detection of exogenously administered melatonin in the brain. Castagnola, E; Chodapaneedi, N; Cui, XT; Golabchi, A; McGuier, M; Metro, J; Taylor, IM; Woeppel, K, 2020)	2.25
"Melatonin is an indole produced by the pineal gland at night under normal light or dark conditions, and its levels, which are higher in children than in adults, begin to decrease prior to the onset of puberty and continue to decline thereafter. "	( New insights into antimetastatic signaling pathways of melatonin in skeletomuscular sarcoma of childhood and adolescence. Hsieh, YH; Lin, CW; Lu, KH; Reiter, RJ; Su, SC; Yang, SF, 2020)	2.25
"Melatonin is a universal regulator modulating plant development and responses to abiotic stresses. "	( Melatonin ameliorates aluminum toxicity through enhancing aluminum exclusion and reestablishing redox homeostasis in roots of wheat. Huang, L; Jin, C; Lin, X; Liu, X; Lv, T; Sun, C, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin is a chronobiotic substance that plays a main role in stabilizing bodily rhythm and has shown beneficial effects in protecting against obesity."	( Melatonin Orchestrates Lipid Homeostasis through the Hepatointestinal Circadian Clock and Microbiota during Constant Light Exposure. Guo, Y; Hong, F; Jia, L; Li, L; Pan, S; Qiao, X; Wang, J; Xu, P; Xue, T; Zhai, Y, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin is a proven and safe antioxidant."	( Melatonin protects the retina from experimental nonexudative age-related macular degeneration in mice. Alaimo, A; Aranda, ML; Calanni, JS; Chianelli, MS; Diéguez, HH; Dorfman, D; González Fleitas, MF; Keller Sarmiento, MI; Romeo, HE; Rosenstein, RE; Sande, PH, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin is an endogenous indoleamine with an incredible variety of properties."	( Melatonin's Antineoplastic Potential Against Glioblastoma. Favero, G; Moretti, E; Rezzani, R; Rodella, LF, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin is an important plant growth regulator which plays a key role in plant growth and development. "	( Foliar application of melatonin delay leaf senescence in maize by improving the antioxidant defense system and enhancing photosynthetic capacity under semi-arid regions. Ahmad, I; Ahmad, S; Han, Q; Javed, T; Kamran, M; Meng, X; Su, W; Wu, X, 2020)	2.32
"Melatonin is an amine hormone produced by mammals and the human pineal gland. "	( Melatonin Inhibits TE-1 Esophageal Cancer Cells Metastasis by Suppressing the NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Decreasing MMP-9. Gu, H; Mei, D; Ni, M; Shen, Q; Wei, R; Yang, Y, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin is a physiological hormone produced by the pineal gland. "	( Targeting cancer stem cells by melatonin: Effective therapy for cancer treatment. Akbarzadeh, M; Hajazimian, S; Hemati, S; Isazadeh, A; Maroufi, NF; Nouri, M; Pouremamali, F; Rashidi, MR; Seraji, N; Taefehshokr, S; Vahedian, V; Zahedi, M, 2020)	2.29
"• Melatonin is an endogenous pineal hormone used for sedation in electrophysiological testing and magnetic resonance imaging."	( Melatonin is useful alternative for sedation in children undergoing auditory brainstem responses testing. Anajar, S; Essaadi, M; Hajjij, A; Snoussi, K; Tahiri, I, 2020)	2.56
"Melatonin (MLT) is a versatile biological signal that is involved in a number of plant processes, including germination, development, flowering, photosynthesis and defence. "	( Melatonin in fruit production and postharvest preservation: A review. Laborda, P; Liu, F; Shi, XC; Wang, HL; Wang, R; Wang, SY, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin is an endogenous rhythmic hormone secreted principally by the pineal gland."	( Mechanisms of Inhibition of Excessive Microglial Activation by Melatonin. Gao, J; Liu, J; Liu, X; Su, G; Tian, Y; Zhang, J; Zhang, Z; Zhou, J, 2020)	1.52
"Melatonin is a hormone with oncostatic and anti-metastatic properties and appears to participate in the TGF-β pathway."	( Melatonin Treatment Combined with TGF-β Silencing Inhibits Epithelial- Mesenchymal Transition in CF41 Canine Mammary Cancer Cell Line. Castro, TB; Colombo, J; Custódio, PR; Ventura, FV; Zuccari, DAPC, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin is an immunomodulatory factor and there is evidence that it has a direct effect on IgG production."	( Exogenous melatonin and male foetuses improve the quality of sheep colostrum. Abecia, JA; García, AI; Garrido, C; Gave, M; López, D; Luis, S; Mata, L; Valares, JA, 2020)	1.68
"Melatonin is a strong anti-inflammatory hormone, mediating the cytoprotective effect of a variety of retinal cells against hyperglycemia."	( Melatonin inhibits Müller cell activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production via upregulating the MEG3/miR-204/Sirt1 axis in experimental diabetic retinopathy. Chen, L; Liu, W; Liu, X; Shi, Q; Song, E; Sun, Y; Tu, Y; Wang, K; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Zhao, Q; Zhu, M, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin functions as an endogenous protective molecule in multiple vascular diseases, whereas its effects on thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) and underlying mechanisms have not been reported. "	( Melatonin protects against thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection through SIRT1-dependent regulation of oxidative stress and vascular smooth muscle cell loss. Duan, W; Hou, P; Jiang, L; Jin, Z; Li, B; Li, J; Li, K; Liang, H; Liu, J; Liu, Z; Sun, C; Wang, X; Xia, L; Yang, J; Yi, D; Yi, W; Yu, S; Zhai, M; Zhang, L; Zhu, H, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin is an indole derivative, which is an essential molecule for plant interactions with pollinators."	( Identification of QTL for perenniality and floral scent in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.). Boukar, O; Close, TJ; Fatokun, C; Gepts, P; Lo, S; Muñoz-Amatriaín, M, 2020)	1.28
"Melatonin is a hormone produced in and secreted by the pineal gland. "	( The Effect of Melatonin Modulation of Non-coding RNAs on Central Nervous System Disorders: An Updated Review. Chen, S; Fang, Y; Lu, J; Luo, Y; Mei, S; Zhang, J, 2021)	2.42
"Melatonin is a pineal gland hormone that has various effects on cells and tissues."	( [Melatonin Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes]. Kim, CH; Lee, J; Lee, YH; Yoo, YM, )	1.76
"Melatonin is an important pineal hormone that regulates human and animal circadian rhythms and sleep. "	( Melatonin treatment reverses cognitive and endocrine deficits evoked by a 24-h light exposure in adult zebrafish. Bueno, BW; de Abreu, MS; de Abreu, NS; Demin, KA; Galstyan, DS; Genario, R; Giacomini, ACVV; Kalueff, AV; Marcon, L; Scolari, N; Teixeira, KH, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin is a pineal-produced indole known for its anti-aging, antiapoptotic and antioxidant properties. "	( Cardioprotective effects of melatonin: Focusing on its roles against diabetic cardiomyopathy. Song, YJ; Wu, W; Zhong, CB, 2020)	2.29
"Melatonin is a neurohormone that has been shown to be protective in Alzheimer's diseases against amyloid-β (Aβ) toxicity, which involves interaction of Aβ with neuronal membrane. "	( The effects of melatonin, serotonin, tryptophan and NAS on the biophysical properties of DPPC monolayers. Lee, BY; Leonenko, Z; Robinson, M; Turnbull, S, 2020)	2.35
"Melatonin is an important indole amine hormone in animals and plants. "	( Melatonin synthesis enzymes interact with ascorbate peroxidase to protect against oxidative stress in cassava. Bai, Y; Guo, J; Reiter, RJ; Shi, H; Wei, Y, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and is used to treat a variety of diseases."	( Melatonin regulates mitochondrial dynamics and alleviates neuron damage in prion diseases. Ali Shah, SZ; Gao, H; Guan, Z; Lai, M; Li, J; Li, W; Wu, W; Yang, D; Yang, L; Zhang, X; Zhao, D; Zhao, H; Zhou, X, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin is a hormone that participates in the circadian cycle in vertebrates and has antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antitumoral functions."	( Treatment with melatonin induces a reduction of Toxoplasma gondii development in LLC-MK2 cells. DaMatta, RA; de Souza, W; Dos Santos, TAT; Machado, NI; Seabra, SH, 2020)	1.63
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and antiageing molecule, is nontoxic, and enhances the efficacy and reduces the side effects of chemotherapy."	( Utilizing Melatonin to Alleviate Side Effects of Chemotherapy: A Potentially Good Partner for Treating Cancer with Ageing. Di, S; Han, J; Li, W; Li, X; Liu, D; Ma, Z; Reiter, RJ; Xu, L; Yan, X; Zhang, J; Zhang, X, 2020)	1.68
"Melatonin, which is an amphiphilic low molecular weight compound, has been proven to exert significant effects in plants, under abiotic stresses, but its role in the Tartary buckwheat under drought stress remains unexplored."	( Exogenous Melatonin Modulates the Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Drought Tolerance in Tartary Buckwheat ( Feng, B; Hasanuzzaman, M; Hossain, MS; Li, J; Muhammad, I; Sikdar, A; Uzizerimana, F; Wang, C; Yuan, Y; Zhang, C, 2020)	1.68
"Melatonin is an amphipathic indolamine molecule ubiquitously present in all organisms ranging from cyanobacteria to humans. "	( Melatonin: an endogenous miraculous indolamine, fights against cancer progression. Samanta, S, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin is a chronobiotic hormone, which can regulate human diseases like cancer, atherosclerosis, respiratory disorders, and microbial infections by regulating redox system. "	( Melatonin restores neutrophil functions and prevents apoptosis amid dysfunctional glutathione redox system. Girish, KS; Hemshekhar, M; Jagadish, S; Kemparaju, K; Manikanta, K; NaveenKumar, SK; Vishalakshi, GJ, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin is an essential biomarker for sleep-related disorders. "	( Rhodamine B - as New Chromophore for the Determination of Melatonin in Biological, Food, and Pharmaceutical Samples. Bunaciu, AA; Lungu-Moscalu, A; Negut, CC; Staden, JFV; Stefanov, C; van Staden, RS, 2020)	2.25
"Melatonin is a multifunctional signaling hormone synthesized and secreted primarily by the pineal gland."	( Melatonin is a potential adjuvant to improve clinical outcomes in individuals with obesity and diabetes with coexistence of Covid-19. El-Missiry, MA; El-Missiry, ZMA; Othman, AI, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin is a multifunctional biomolecule found in both animals and plants. "	( Melatonin metabolism, signaling and possible roles in plants. Back, K, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin is a hormone known as having very strong anti-oxidant property. "	( Melatonin protects INS-1 pancreatic β-cells from apoptosis and senescence induced by glucotoxicity and glucolipotoxicity. Jang, JE; Jung, HS; Kim, MK; Kim, TN; Kwon, MJ; Lee, SH; Lee, YH; Park, JH, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule with multiple functions in plants. "	( Melatonin: A master regulator of plant development and stress responses. Jin, C; Li, B; Lin, X; Liu, L; Sun, C; Wang, L, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin is a hormone with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in the cardiovascular system."	( The Effects of Melatonin on the Oxidative Stress and Duration of Atrial Fibrillation after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ahmadi, ZH; Barati, S; Dastan, F; Jahangirifard, A; Tavakoli-Ardakani, M, 2021)	1.7
"Melatonin (MEL) is an antioxidant molecule, present throughout plant kingdom, animals, and microbes. "	( Melatonin modulates photosynthesis, redox status, and elemental composition to promote growth of Brassica juncea-a dose-dependent effect. Alam, P; Hayat, S; Mir, AR; Siddiqui, H, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin functions as a plant growth regulator in a concentration-dependent manner. "	( Global transcriptomic network of melatonin regulated root growth in Arabidopsis. Chan, Z; Sun, Q; Wang, Y; Yang, L, 2021)	2.35
"Melatonin is a neurohormone, well-known as its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects."	( Melatonin Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglial Inflammation via Triggering SIRT1/HMGB1 Signaling Axis. Abdoulaye, IA; Chibaatar, E; Guo, Y; Le, K; Wu, S, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule with a broad spectrum of functions including widespread anti-cancer activities. "	( A meta-analysis of microRNA networks regulated by melatonin in cancer: Portrait of potential candidates for breast cancer treatment. Carvalho, RF; Chuffa, LGA; Cury, SS; Jardim-Perassi, BV; Justulin, LA; Reiter, RJ; Seiva, FRF; Zuccari, DAPC, 2020)	2.25
"Melatonin (MLT) is a potential signaling molecule in the homeostasis of bone metabolism and may be an important mediator of bone formation and stimulation. "	( Melatonin has a stimulatory effect on osteoblasts by upregulating col-i and opn expression/secretion. Dalla-Costa, K; Martinez, EF; Penteado, J; Peruzzo, DC; Sperandio, M; Yurtsever, FV, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin acts as a protective agent in plant defence against multiple abiotic stresses."	( Melatonin application differentially modulates the enzymes associated with antioxidative machinery and ascorbate-glutathione cycle during arsenate exposure in indica rice varieties. Banerjee, A; Roychoudhury, A; Samanta, S, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent with a wide range of therapeutic properties."	( Clinical Application of Melatonin in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases: Current Evidence and New Insights into the Cardioprotective and Cardiotherapeutic Properties. Dehdashtian, E; Hosseinzadeh, A; Mehrzadi, S; Pourhanifeh, MH; Sezavar, SH, 2022)	1.75
"Melatonin is a hormone known to modulate the estrous cycle and pregnancy, and studies show that the exogenous application of melatonin increased T4 levels in female rats and controlled the decrease in T3 serum levels, reverting the sigs of hypothyroidism."	( Melatonin on hypothyroidism and gonadal development in rats: a review. Albuquerque, YML; Silva, WED; Souza, FAL; Teixeira, ÁAC; Teixeira, VW, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin is an amine molecule with multiple functions in plants and animals."	( Melatonin as an inducer of arecoline and their coordinated roles in anti-oxidative activity and immune responses. Alolga, RN; Chen, Y; Li, J; Li, LZ; Liu, G; Ma, G; Reiter, RJ; Shi, H; Song, W; Wei, Y; Yin, X; Zhang, H, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin is a neuroendocrine regulator of the sleep-wake cycle."	( Melatonin ameliorates the sleep disorder induced by surgery under sevoflurane anaesthesia in aged mice. Guo, X; Han, Y; Jia, X; Li, Z; Liu, C; Liu, Y; Shi, C; Shi, J; Song, Y; Sun, J; Sun, Z; Yang, N; Yuan, Y; Zhang, L; Zhang, W; Zhou, Y, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin (MLT) is an antioxidant whose secretion decreases in elderly and is also suggested to protect the gland."	( Melatonin ameliorates degenerative alterations caused by age in the rat prostate and mitigates high-fat diet damages. Almeida, EA; Gobbo, MG; Góes, RM; Taboga, SR; Tamarindo, GH, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin is a molecule that can enhance the host's tolerance against pathogen invasions."	( Targeting Host Defense System and Rescuing Compromised Mitochondria to Increase Tolerance against Pathogens by Melatonin May Impact Outcome of Deadly Virus Infection Pertinent to COVID-19. Hardeland, R; Tan, DX, 2020)	1.49
"Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone mainly synthesized in the pineal gland and exhibits a wide range of biological functions, such as sleep control, regulating circadian rhythm, immune enhancement, metabolism regulation, antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-tumor effects."	( Melatonin and Autophagy in Aging-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Akbar, M; Luo, F; Rungratanawanich, W; Sandhu, AF; Song, BJ; Wang, X; Williams, GE; Zhou, S, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin is an important hormone in the regulation of circadian rhythms and has great antioxidant power. "	( Relationship between food consumption and improvements in circulating melatonin in humans: an integrative review. Aguiar, AS; Gomes Domingos, AL; Pereira, GA, 2022)	2.4
"Melatonin is a ubiquitously distributed molecule that possesses diverse functions. "	( Therapeutic role of melatonin in migraine prophylaxis: Is there a link between sleep and migraine? Chu, MK; Kim, BS; Song, TJ, 2020)	2.32
"Melatonin is a lipophilic molecule that crosses freely biological barriers and cell membranes."	( Intravitreous delivery of melatonin affects the retinal neuron survival and visual signal transmission: Du, E; Hu, B; Li, H; Ma, J; Ma, Z; Song, Z; Tao, Y; Wang, G; Xing, B, 2020)	1.58
"Melatonin (MLT) is an efficient antioxidant that protects spermatozoa against damages caused by oxidative stress. "	( Melatonin regulates ATP content and fertilising capacity of Onychostoma macrolepis spermatozoa by inhibiting ROS accumulation during semen storage in vitro. Dong, D; Dong, W; Gao, Y; Ji, H; Peng, G; Sun, Q; Yang, C; Yang, J, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin is a hormone derived from the amino acid tryptophan and is produced primarily in the pineal gland near the center of the brain, and histamine is a biologically active amine synthesized from the decarboxylation of the amino acid histidine by the L-histidine decarboxylase enzyme."	( The interplay between mast cells, pineal gland, and circadian rhythm: Links between histamine, melatonin, and inflammatory mediators. Alpini, G; Baiocchi, L; Chen, L; Francis, H; Huang, CK; Kennedy, L; Kundu, D; Meadows, V; Meng, F; Pham, L; Sato, K; Zhou, T, 2021)	1.56
"Melatonin appears to be a key host hormone responsible for regulating circadian behavior in the parasite cycle."	( Melatonin action in Plasmodium infection: Searching for molecules that modulate the asexual cycle as a strategy to impair the parasite cycle. Garcia, CRS; Pereira, PHS, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin is a hormone that produces behavioral, pharmacological, and physiological effects through the activation of MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors. "	( Melatonin decreases cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization and cocaine-conditioned place preference in rats. Barbosa-Méndez, S; Becerril-Villanueva, E; Pérez-Sánchez, G; Salazar-Juárez, A, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin is an indolamine that is primarily secreted by the pineal gland. "	( Role of melatonin in periodontal disease - A systematic review. Malaiappan, S; Meenakshi, SS, )	2.01
"Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule that regulates plant growth and can alleviate environmental stress in plants."	( Exogenous melatonin enhances salt secretion from salt glands by upregulating the expression of ion transporter and vesicle transport genes in Limonium bicolor. Chen, M; Li, J; Liu, Y; Wang, B; Yuan, F; Zhang, M; Zhao, Y, 2020)	1.68
"Melatonin is a hormone with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that make it a promising molecule for the treatment of perinatal asphyxia."	( Melatonin Administration from 2000 to 2020 to Human Newborns with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Cannavò, L; D'angelo, G; Gitto, E; Reiter, RJ, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin is a key regulator of follicle granular cell maturation and ovulation. "	( Melatonin regulates chicken granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis by activating the mTOR signaling pathway via its receptors. Chang, LY; Chen, H; Hao, EY; Huang, CX; Huang, RL; Wang, DH; Yue, QX; Zhou, RY, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin is a natural bio-stimulant that creates resistance in field crops against various abiotic stress, including heat, chemical pollutants, cold, drought, salinity, and harmful ultra-violet radiation."	( Phytomelatonin: An overview of the importance and mediating functions of melatonin against environmental stresses. Ahmar, S; Altaf, MA; Altaf, MM; Anwar, M; Arnao, MB; Chen, JT; Kamran, M; Mora-Poblete, F; Naz, S; Ren, MX; Shahid, R; Shahid, S; Shakoor, A; Sohail, H, 2021)	1.86
"Melatonin (MT) is a neuroendocrine hormone secreted mainly by the pineal gland."	( Melatonin alleviates the deterioration of oocytes and hormonal disorders from mice subjected to glyphosate. Feng, X; Shi, F; Wang, S; Zhang, J; Zhang, S; Zhao, C, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin is a hormone synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland with the effect of regulating sleep rhythm. "	( Melatonin ameliorated CUMS-induced depression-like behavior via restoring endoplasmic reticulum stress in rat hippocampus. Ju, X; Li, J; Song, M; Wang, S; Xu, X; Yan, P; Yu, Z, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin is a chronobiotic agent able to regulate the circadian system."	( Chronobiotic effect of melatonin in experimental optic neuritis. Altschuler, F; Aranda, ML; Calanni, JS; Concha, L; Dorfman, D; González Fleitas, MF; Narvaez, O; Rosenstein, RE; Sande, PH, 2021)	1.65
"Melatonin (MT) is a pleiotropic molecule with diverse and numerous actions both in plants and animals. "	( Role of Melatonin in Plant Tolerance to Soil Stressors: Salinity, pH and Heavy Metals. Abdelhamid, MT; Ai, S; Almoneafy, A; Arnao, MB; Awad, M; Dafea, M; El-Ezz, AA; Elkelish, A; Hasanuzzaman, M; Khan, M; Li, L; Mahmoud, A; Moustafa-Farag, M; Wang, Y, 2020)	2.44
"Melatonin is a biomarker of the central circadian clock and its chronobiotic actions entraining circadian rhythms to the light-dark cycle are well known. "	( Circadian Rhythm and Concentration of Melatonin in Breast Cancer Patients. Ahabrach, H; Cauli, O; El Mlili, N; Errami, M, 2021)	2.34
"Melatonin is an endocrine hormone with anti-inflammatory and anti-AS effects."	( Melatonin inhibits vascular endothelial cell pyroptosis by improving mitochondrial function via up-regulation and demethylation of UQCRC1. Chen, J; Liu, L; Meng, J; Tao, J; Wang, Z; Xia, L; Zeng, J; Zeng, Z, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin is an antioxidant that displays vasoprotective action in cardiovascular disease."	( Melatonin reverses the loss of the anticontractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue in obese rats. Alves, JV; Assis, VO; Awata, WMC; Ficher, SP; Gonzaga, NA; Tirapelli, CR; Tostes, RC, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin is an important drug in pediatric medicine which often requires delivery through a narrow bore nasogastric tube (e.g. "	( Recommendations for crushing Circadin® (melatonin) tablets for safe and reliable delivery via pediatric nasogastric tubes. Forbes, B; Ingham, S; Swedrowska, M; Tomlin, S, 2021)	2.33
"Melatonin is a crucial pineal neurohormone that displays daily secretion patterns, stimulates cell proliferation and embryonic development in Atlantic salmon and zebrafish, and improves osseointegration in mice and humans."	( The Effect of Orally Supplemented Melatonin on Larval Performance and Skeletal Deformities in Farmed Gilthead Seabream ( Abbate, F; Germanà, A; Guerrera, MC; Laurà, R; Levanti, M; Mhalhel, K; Montalbano, G, 2020)	1.56
"Melatonin is a neuro-hormone that is mainly secreted from the pineal gland and functions to modulate the cellular kinases."	( Melatonin Reduces GSK3β-Mediated Tau Phosphorylation, Enhances Nrf2 Nuclear Translocation and Anti-Inflammation. Balmik, AA; Chinnathambi, S; Das, R, )	2.3
"Melatonin is an endogenous neurohormone with well-reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but the direct biological and immunomodulatory effects of melatonin on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) has not been fully elucidated. "	( Melatonin Treatment Alters Biological and Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Augmented Transforming Growth Factor Beta Secretion. Forner, L; García-Bernal, D; García-Navarro, EM; Guerrero-Gironés, J; López-García, S; Moraleda, JM; Rodríguez-Lozano, FJ; Sanz, JL, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin is a natural hormone secreted by the pineal gland which helps in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle."	( Statistical analysis plan for the Prophylactic Melatonin for Delirium in Intensive Care (ProMEDIC): a randomised controlled trial. Anstey, M; Ford, A; Ho, KM; Kelty, E; Litton, E; Martinez, FE; Murray, K; Myers, E; Wibrow, B, 2021)	1.6
"Melatonin is a potent adjuvant treatment for improving apical periodontitis-associated changes in insulin sensitivity, insulin signalling and inflammatory pathways. "	( Effects of melatonin on insulin signaling and inflammatory pathways of rats with apical periodontitis. Belardi, BE; Chiba, FY; Cintra, LTA; Matsushita, DH; Mattera, MSLC; Santelli, JO; Silva, CC; Tavares, BS; Tsosura, TVS, 2021)	2.45
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted in the pineal gland with several functions, especially regulation of circadian sleep cycle and the biological processes related to it. "	( Melatonin in Wine and Beer: Beneficial Effects. Arcusa, R; Marhuenda, J; Villaño, D; Zafrilla, P, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin is a glycolytic which converts diseased cells to the healthier phenotype."	( Anti-Warburg Effect of Melatonin: A Proposed Mechanism to Explain its Inhibition of Multiple Diseases. Reiter, RJ; Rosales-Corral, S; Sharma, R, 2021)	1.65
"Melatonin priming is an effective strategy to improve the germination of aged oat ("	( Comparative Time-Course Physiological Responses and Proteomic Analysis of Melatonin Priming on Promoting Germination in Aged Oat ( Mao, P; Yan, H, 2021)	2.29
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that is showing promising results in acute brain injury. "	( Efficacy of melatonin in animal models of intracerebral hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chen, C; Hu, X; Hu, Z; Qin, H; Tang, J; Zeng, L; Zhu, Y, 2021)	2.44
"Melatonin is a key hormone involved in the photoperiodic signaling pathway. "	( Effects of Melatonin on Anterior Pituitary Plasticity: A Comparison Between Mammals and Teleosts. Ciani, E; Falcón, J; Fontaine, R; Haug, TM; Maugars, G; Weltzien, FA, 2020)	2.39
"Melatonin is a main regulatory hormone for the circadian rhythm."	( Melatonin Receptor Gene Polymorphism in Bipolar-I Disorder. Akbaş, H; Bayazıt, H; Karababa, İF; Mulayim, E; Selek, S, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin is a pluripotent agent with potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and neuroprotective properties."	( Potential Role of Melatonin as an Adjuvant for Atherosclerotic Carotid Arterial Stenosis. Di, X; Liu, C; Ma, B; Ni, L; Niu, S; Rong, Z; Zhang, R, 2021)	1.68
"Melatonin (MLT) is a neurohormone that is regulated by the circadian clock and plays multifunctional roles in numerous neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). "	( Exploring the multifunctional role of melatonin in regulating autophagy and sleep to mitigate Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Chen, R; Hossain, MF; Li, S; Li, Z; Lim, LW; Roy, J; Song, YQ; Uddin, MG; Wang, N, 2021)	2.34
"Melatonin is an endogenous neurohormone possessing various biological properties, including the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and angiogenesis functions."	( Melatonin exerts protective effects on diabetic retinopathy via inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway as revealed by quantitative proteomics. Gu, Y; Li, X; Lu, P; Tao, L; Wang, H; Yan, M, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin is a hormone of the pineal gland that contributes to the regulation of physiological activities, such as sleep, circadian rhythm, and neuroendocrine processes. "	( Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Melatonin: a Focus on the Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome. Ashrafizadeh, M; Farkhondeh, T; Kavyiani, N; Mohammadinejad, R; Najafi, M; Samarghandian, S, 2021)	2.35
"Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone which regulates circadian rhythm and is also an antioxidant. "	( Maternal Serum Melatonin Increases During Pregnancy and Falls Immediately After Delivery Implicating the Placenta as a Major Source of Melatonin. Ejaz, H; Figaro, JK; Galley, HF; Thottakam, BMV; Woolner, AMF, 2020)	2.35
"Melatonin (MT) is a bioactive molecule that can regulate various developmental processes. "	( Exogenous melatonin positively regulates lignin biosynthesis in Camellia sinensis. Duan, AQ; Han, MH; Teng, RM; Wan, QW; Wang, YH; Yang, N; Zhuang, J, 2021)	2.47
"Melatonin is an indole-like neurohormone mainly produced in the human pineal gland with a prominent anti-oxidant property."	( The inhibitory effect of melatonin on human prostate cancer. Ju, L; Liu, T; Ma, H; Qian, K; Shen, D; Wang, X; Xiao, Y; Yu, M; Zhang, Y; Zhou, F, 2021)	1.65
"Melatonin is a promising substance to ameliorate glaucoma-associated compromised circadian rhythms, sleep, mood, and retinal cells function."	( Melatonin mitigates disrupted circadian rhythms, lowers intraocular pressure, and improves retinal ganglion cells function in glaucoma. Astakhov, SY; Cornelissen, G; Gubin, D; Kabitskaya, Y; Kolomeichuk, S; Malishevskaya, T; Neroev, V; Weinert, D; Yuzhakova, N, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin is a biological hormone produced by the body that has good free radical scavenging effects, antioxidant effects and other effects."	( The role of melatonin in sarcopenia: Advances and application prospects. He, M; Hu, P; Jin, H; Li, Y; Tang, K; Wang, X; Wu, Y; Xie, W; Yu, D, 2021)	1.72
"Melatonin (MT) is an indoleamine hormone that can counteract ischemia‑induced organ injury through its antioxidant effects. "	( Exogenous melatonin alleviates hemorrhagic shock‑induced hepatic ischemic injury in rats by inhibiting the NF‑κB/IκBα signaling pathway. Cai, QQ; Li, HW; Wu, XL; Yang, ZH; Ying, P, 2021)	2.47
"Melatonin is a key intracellular neuroimmune-endocrine regulator and coordinator of multiple complex and interrelated biological processes. "	( The melatonergic pathway and its interactions in modulating respiratory system disorders. Anderson, G; Carbone, A; Krylova, J; Kvetnoy, I; Mazzoccoli, G; Mironova, E; Polyakova, V; Sokolovich, E; Yablonskiy, P, 2021)	2.06
"Melatonin is a promising therapeutic candidate due to its pleiotropic actions."	( Melatonin to Rescue the Aged Heart: Antiarrhythmic and Antioxidant Benefits. Diez, ER; Pueyo, E; Segovia-Roldan, M, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin is a hormone produced in the pineal gland that controls sleep and circadian rhythm. "	( Melatonin Supplementation for Six Weeks Had No Effect on Arterial Stiffness and Mitochondrial DNA in Women Aged 55 Years and Older with Insomnia: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study. Kang, HT; Kim, Y; Lee, DC, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin is a signaling molecule associated with seed germination under stressful conditions, although the underlying regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown."	( Melatonin inhibits seed germination by crosstalk with abscisic acid, gibberellin, and auxin in Arabidopsis. Li, X; Lv, Y; Mou, Z; Pan, J; Reiter, RJ; Wang, H; Yao, Z; Yu, D; Zhang, J; Zhao, D, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin acts as an antioxidant which is a critical signaling to the coordination between external light stimulation and the cellular response from the body."	( A Green and Blue Monochromatic Light Combination Therapy Reduces Oxidative Stress and Enhances B-Lymphocyte Proliferation through Promoting Melatonin Secretion. Cao, J; Chen, Y; Dong, Y; Wang, Z; Zhang, Y, 2021)	1.54
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory characteristics."	( Effects of melatonin supplementation on serum oxidative stress markers and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ghojazadeh, M; Ghorbanihaghjo, A; Hajialilo, M; Khabbazi, A; Malek Mahdavi, A; Nabatian-Asl, M, 2021)	1.73
"Melatonin is a pleotropic molecule with numerous biological activities. "	( Melatonin in Cancer Treatment: Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities. Abuawad, A; Alsayed, AR; Daoud, S; Mahmod, AI; Talib, WH, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin is an important signaling molecule that generally confers plant increased tolerance to various environmental stresses, however, whether and how melatonin participates in plant osmotic stress response remain elusive."	( CAND2/PMTR1 Is Required for Melatonin-Conferred Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Guo, JX; Li, TT; Liu, WC; Lu, KK; Wang, LF; Zhang, Y, 2021)	1.64
"Melatonin is a hormone involved in appetite regulation and food intake. "	( Effects of melatonin supplementation on eating habits and appetite-regulating hormones: a systematic review of randomized controlled clinical and preclinical trials. Marqueze, EC; Nogueira, LFR, 2021)	2.45
"Melatonin is a highly conserved molecule that regulates day/night rhythms; it is associated with sleep improvement, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, anti-aging effects, and seasonal and circadian rhythms and has been a hot topic of research for decades. "	( A hypothetical role for autophagy during the day/night rhythm-regulated melatonin synthesis in the rat pineal gland. Ge, W; Liu, J; Luo, SM; Reiter, RJ; Shen, W; Sun, QY; Tan, SJ; Wang, L; Yan, ZH, 2021)	2.3
"Melatonin acts as an antioxidant and regulator of mitochondrial bioenergetics and has a protective effect against ocular diseases."	( Melatonin prevents blood-retinal barrier breakdown and mitochondrial dysfunction in high glucose and hypoxia-induced in vitro diabetic macular edema model. Chasan, T; Doğanlar, O; Doğanlar, ZB; Güçlü, H; Kurtdere, K; Turgut, E, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin is a relatively recently isolated hormone, produced by the pineal gland. "	( The Intricate Relationship between Melatonin and Breast Cancer: A Short Review. Audisio, RA; Katsarelias, D; Olofsson Bagge, R; Pistioli, L, )	1.85
"Melatonin is a hormone related to circadian rhythms and has potential clinical applications. "	( Effect of Melatonin on the Reduction of Hepatic Steatosis and Intestinal Leptin Expression in Zebrafish Exposed to Fructose. Alves, T; Carvalho, FB; da Silveira, TR; de Moura, AC; Meurer, F; Porawski, M; Schneider, ACR, 2021)	2.47
"Melatonin is an endocrine hormone secreted from the pineal gland located outside the blood-brain barrier."	( Treatment with Melatonin Enhances the Embryo Quality and the Development of Vitrified/warmed Eight Cell Mouse Embryos by Solid Surface Vitrification (SSV). Arat, S; Caglar, K; Kocabay, A; Taskin, AC, )	1.93
"Melatonin is a physiological hormone mainly secreted by the pineal gland which has been proved to be related to diabetes."	( Potential therapeutic value of melatonin in diabetic nephropathy: improvement beyond anti-oxidative stress. Deng, X; Guo, C; He, J; Wang, D; Yuan, G, 2023)	1.92
"Melatonin is a bioregulator in terms of its potential clinical importance for future therapies of cutaneous diseases."	( Evaluation of Polymeric Matrix Loaded with Melatonin for Wound Dressing. Brożyna, AA; Dreier, R; Kaczmarek-Szczepańska, B; Kleszczyński, K; Kozłowska, J; Ostrowska, J; Reiter, RJ; Slominski, AT; Steinbrink, K; Szota, Z, 2021)	1.61
"Melatonin is an ancient molecule that is evident in high concentrations in various tissues throughout the body. "	( Melatonin's neuroprotective role in mitochondria and its potential as a biomarker in aging, cognition and psychiatric disorders. Brown, GM; Gonçalves, VF; Kennedy, JL; Melhuish Beaupre, LM, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin is a unique molecule with diverse molecular actions targeting melatonin receptors located on the plasma membrane or mitochondria or acting independently of receptors through its actions as an antioxidant or free radical scavenger to stimulate osteoblastogenesis, inhibit osteoclastogenesis, and improve bone density."	( Melatonin effects on bone: Implications for use as a therapy for managing bone loss. Munmun, F; Witt-Enderby, PA, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin is a pleiotropic indole hormone secreted by the pineal gland and plays an important role in resisting various degenerative diseases."	( The potential role of melatonin in retarding intervertebral disc ageing and degeneration: A systematic review. Cheng, Z; Wang, J; Xiang, Q; Zhang, Y, 2021)	1.66
"Melatonin (MLT) is a functionally pleiotropic indoleamine molecule and a key regulator of energy metabolism."	( Melatonin inhibits lipid accumulation to repress prostate cancer progression by mediating the epigenetic modification of CES1. Chen, K; Chen, Z; Hou, Y; Hu, J; Liu, L; Sugimura, H; Tao, H; Wang, L; Yang, X; Zhang, C; Zhou, L, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin is an active molecule that is present in the breast milk produced at night beginning in the first stages of lactation."	( Melatonin in Early Nutrition: Long-Term Effects on Cardiovascular System. Codoñer-Franch, P; Gombert, M, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin is a neurohormone, and can ameliorate radiotherapy-induced small intestinal mucositis."	( Oral Administration of Melatonin or Succinyl Melatonin Niosome Gel Benefits 5-FU-Induced Small Intestinal Mucositis Treatment in Mice. Boonsiri, P; Chio-Srichan, S; Daduang, J; Lee, YC; Leelayuwat, C; Mahakunakorn, P; Priprem, A; Puthongking, P; Settasatian, C; Tippayawat, P; Uthaiwat, P, 2021)	1.65
"Melatonin is a ubiquitous signaling molecule associated with abiotic stress resistance."	( Melatonin increases leaf disease resistance and saponin biosynthesis in Panax notogiseng. Chen, Q; Cui, X; Gao, W; Hou, S; Li, J; Li, X; Ma, W; Rengel, Z; Wang, Z; Yang, Q; Zhang, S, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin (ML) is a potent antioxidant that reduces oxidative stress. "	( Melatonin Alleviated Potassium Dichromate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Reprotoxicity in Male Rats. Ahmed-Farid, OA; Al-Tamimi, J; Alhazza, IM; Bashandy, SAE; Ebaid, H; Omara, EA, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin (MT) is an endogenous hormone mainly synthesized by pineal cells, which has strong endogenous effects of eliminating free radicals and resisting oxidative damages. "	( Research progress of melatonin (MT) in improving ovarian function: a review of the current status. Chen, X; Guo, YM; Sun, TC; Wang, HP, 2021)	2.38
"Melatonin (MT) is a pleiotropic signal molecule and indole hormone, which alleviates the damage of abiotic stress to plants."	( Exogenous melatonin improves the salt tolerance of cotton by removing active oxygen and protecting photosynthetic organs. Bai, Z; Dong, H; Duan, W; Jiang, D; Li, C; Li, J; Liu, L; Lu, B; Meng, Y; Sun, H; Zhang, K; Zhang, Y, 2021)	1.75
"Melatonin is a natural hormone that has been shown highly antioxidant effects. "	( Molecular insight on the formation structure and dynamics of melatonin in an aqueous solution and at the Water-Air interface: A molecular dynamics study. Khajonrit, J; Krongsuk, S; Maensiri, S; Ritwiset, A, 2021)	2.31
"Melatonin is a kind of hormone well known for its antioxidant properties, which has potential protective effects against diabetes mellitus and its complications."	( Melatonin Attenuates Diabetic Myocardial Microvascular Injury through Activating the AMPK/SIRT1 Signaling Pathway. Bao, M; Chen, M; Chen, R; Gao, F; Huang, D; Li, H; Li, J; Lu, B; Shi, G; Wang, B; Zhang, Y, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin is a proposed anti-inflammatory agent with a well-established safety profile, that has the potential for mitigation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in paediatric Down syndrome cohorts, though further clinical trials are warranted."	( Melatonin as an immunomodulator in children with Down syndrome. Balfe, J; Doherty, DG; Fallah, L; Gallagher, E; Huggard, D; Kelly, L; Lagan, N; McGrane, F; Molloy, EJ; Roche, E; Worrall, A; Yoo, LL, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule with a variety of biological functions, which include its immunoregulatory action in mammals. "	( Overexpression of ASMT likely enhances the resistance of transgenic sheep to brucellosis by influencing immune-related signaling pathways and gut microbiota. Deng, S; Guan, S; Ji, P; Li, G; Lian, Z; Liu, G; Lv, D; Ma, W; Song, Y; Wang, J; Wang, L; Wu, H; Yan, L; Yang, H; Yao, Y; Zhang, J; Zhang, L, 2021)	2.06
"Melatonin acts as a common growth regulator enhancing the plants defense system and regulates sugar metabolism in challenging environments."	( Foliar melatonin stimulates cotton boll distribution characteristics by modifying leaf sugar metabolism and antioxidant activities during drought conditions. Abdalmegeed, D; He, J; Hu, W; Khattak, WA; Wang, Y; Zhou, Z, 2022)	1.9
"Melatonin is an early player in chromium stress response in canola plants; it promotes ROS scavenging and chlorophyll stability, modulates PSII stability and regulates feedback inhibition of photosynthesis conferring chromium tolerance. "	( Exogenous melatonin regulates chromium stress-induced feedback inhibition of photosynthesis and antioxidative protection in Brassica napus cultivars. Athar, HU; Ayyaz, A; Bano, H; Dawood, M; Farooq, MA; Javed, M; Majid, A; Zafar, ZU, 2021)	2.47
"Melatonin is a neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions."	( Potential benefits of melatonin to control pain in ventilated preterm newborns: An updated review. Cannavò, L; Di Rosa, G; Gitto, E; Marseglia, L; Perrone, S; Viola, V, 2022)	1.76
"Melatonin is a hormone and antioxidant produced by the pineal gland and placenta."	( Melatonin, a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Preeclampsia, Reduces the Extrusion of Toxic Extracellular Vesicles from Preeclamptic Placentae. Chamley, L; Chen, Q; Groom, K; Tang, Y, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin is a well-known natural antioxidant, and has many bioactivities."	( Effects of Melatonin on Liver Injuries and Diseases. Li, HB; Li, S; Li, Y; Meng, X; Xu, DP; Zhang, JJ; Zhou, Y, 2017)	1.57
"Melatonin is a natural hormone regulating circadian cycles, released by the pineal gland at night-time, and secretion is impaired in MS."	( Protocol for a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover trial of Melatonin for treatment of Nocturia in adults with Multiple Sclerosis (MeNiMS). Canham, L; Cotterill, N; Cottrell, D; Delgado, D; Drake, MJ; Inglis, K; Owen, D; White, P, 2017)	1.4
"Melatonin (MLT) is an endogenous hormone with roles in animal germ cell development. "	( Effects of melatonin on maturation, histone acetylation, autophagy of porcine oocytes and subsequent embryonic development. Cao, Z; Chen, Z; Ding, B; Gao, D; Hong, R; Huang, W; Li, H; Liu, C; Shang, H; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zuo, X, 2017)	2.29
"Melatonin is a molecule which has gained a great deal of interest in many areas of science; its synthesis was classically known to be in the pineal gland. "	( TRPV4 Stimulation Induced Melatonin Secretion by Increasing Arylalkymine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) Protein Level. Alkozi, HA; Perez de Lara, MJ; Pintor, J; Sánchez-Naves, J, 2017)	2.2
"Melatonin is a well-characterized indoleamine that possesses important anti-angiogenic properties in a set of aggressive solid tumors."	( Melatonin Reduces Angiogenesis in Serous Papillary Ovarian Carcinoma of Ethanol-Preferring Rats. Camargo, IC; Chuffa, LG; Domeniconi, RF; Lupi Júnior, LA; Martinez, FE; Martinez, M; Pinheiro, PF; Reiter, RJ; Zonta, YR, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin is a hormone synthesised and secreted by the pineal gland and other organs. "	( Melatonin: A Review of Its Potential Functions and Effects on Dental Diseases. González-Cantalapiedra, A; López-Peña, M; Muñoz, F; Permuy, M, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin acts as an antioxidant and prevents oxidative stress-induced changes in cytotrophoblasts."	( Melatonin Improves Mitochondrial Respiration in Syncytiotrophoblasts From Placentas of Obese Women. Ireland, KE; Maloyan, A; Myatt, L, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted from the pineal gland and has different cardiovascular effects. "	( The effects of melatonin administration on KCNQ and KCNH2 gene expressions and QTc interval in pinealectomised rats. Ovali, MA; Uzun, M, 2017)	2.25
"Melatonin is an indoleamine produced from the amino acid l-tryptophan, whereas metabolites of melatonin are known as kynuramines. "	( Effects of Melatonin and Its Analogues on Pancreatic Inflammation, Enzyme Secretion, and Tumorigenesis. Bonior, J; Ceranowicz, P; Dembinski, A; Góralska, M; Jaworek, J; Kot, M; Leja-Szpak, A; Nawrot-Porąbka, K; Pierzchalski, P; Szklarczyk, J; Warzecha, Z, 2017)	2.29
"Melatonin is an indoleamine produced mainly in the pineal gland. "	( Melatonin as a versatile molecule to design novel multitarget hybrids against neurodegeneration. de Los Ríos, C; Egea, J; Marco-Contelles, J; Ramos, E; Romero, A, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland with great antioxidant properties."	( Zinc oxide nanoparticles mediated cytotoxicity, mitochondrial membrane potential and level of antioxidants in presence of melatonin. Millot, N; Mohanan, PV; Sruthi, S, 2017)	1.38
"Melatonin (MEL) is a conserved molecule with respect to its synthesis pathway and functions. "	( Circadian rhythm in melatonin release as a mechanism to reinforce the temporal organization of the circadian system in crayfish. Alvarado, R; Báez-Saldaña, A; Flores-Soto, E; Fuentes-Pardo, B; Mendoza-Vargas, L; Solís-Chagoyán, H, 2017)	2.22
"Melatonin is a neurohormone that is linked to the aetiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. "	( Melatonin attenuates behavioural deficits and reduces brain oxidative stress in a rodent model of schizophrenia. Aina, OA; Onaolapo, AY; Onaolapo, OJ, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin acts as a local modulator of the endocrine activity in Leydig cells."	( Local Actions of Melatonin in Somatic Cells of the Testis. Calandra, RS; Frungieri, MB; Rossi, SP, 2017)	1.52
"Melatonin, which is an antioxidant phytochemical and synthesized by the pineal gland, has multiple functions in cellular responses such as apoptosis and survival against stress."	( Melatonin Modulates Neuronal Cell Death Induced by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress under Insulin Resistance Condition. Kim, OY; Song, J, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin is a universal antioxidant that improves in vitro embryo production in several species. "	( Beneficial effects of melatonin on in vitro embryo production from juvenile goat oocytes. Catalá, MG; Fouladi-Nashta, AA; Izquierdo, D; Menéndez-Blanco, I; Paramio, MT; Roura, M; Soto-Heras, S, 2018)	2.24
"Melatonin is a physiological hormone involved in sleep timing and is currently used exogenously in the treatment of primary and secondary sleep disorders with empirical evidence of efficacy, but very little evidence from randomised, controlled studies. "	( Evidence for the efficacy of melatonin in the treatment of primary adult sleep disorders. Auld, F; Maschauer, EL; Morrison, I; Riha, RL; Skene, DJ, 2017)	2.19
"Melatonin is a substance synthesized in the pineal gland as well as in other organs. "	( Melatonin synthesis in the human ciliary body triggered by TRPV4 activation: Involvement of AANAT phosphorylation. Alkozi, HA; Perez de Lara, MJ; Pintor, J, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin is an effective free radical scavenger and its metabolites AFMK and AMK are powerful detoxifiers that eliminate free radicals."	( Melatonin prevents postovulatory oocyte aging and promotes subsequent embryonic development in the pig. Chen, L; Cheng, W; Gao, YY; Liu, X; Miao, YL; Nie, ZW; Schatten, H; Wang, T; Zhang, X, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin is an endogen substance with several physiological functions, acting as an important antioxidant. "	( PLGA Nanoparticles and Polysorbate-80-Coated PLGA Nanoparticles Increase the In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Melatonin. Khalil, NM; Mainardes, RM; Martins, LG, 2018)	2.14
"Melatonin is a molecule with numerous properties applicable to the treatment of neurological diseases. "	( Clinical Uses of Melatonin in Neurological Diseases and Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Martinez-Cue, C; Mediavilla, MD; Reiter, RJ; Rueda, N; Sanchez-Barcelo, EJ, 2017)	2.24
"Melatonin is a pleiotropic anti-cancer molecule that affects malignant cells via multiple mechanisms."	( Melatonin as a multifunctional anti-cancer molecule: Implications in gastric cancer. Abdollahi, M; Asghari, MH; Fallah, M; Ghobadi, E; Moloudizargari, M, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland with increased circulating levels shown to inhibit biliary hyperplasia and fibrosis during cholestatic liver injury. "	( Melatonin inhibits hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone release and reduces biliary hyperplasia and fibrosis in cholestatic rats. Alpini, G; DeMorrow, S; Giang, T; Glaser, S; Grant, S; Greene, JF; Jefferson, B; Kyritsi, K; McMillin, M; Meng, F; Venter, J; Wu, N; Zhou, T, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin is an endogenous neurohormone with profound neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects both during the embryonic developmental stage and adulthood."	( Effect of melatonin on neuronal differentiation requires CBP/p300-mediated acetylation of histone H3 lysine 14. Chen, X; Hao, A; Ji, S; Li, G; Li, X; Liu, G; Wang, F; Zhou, W, 2017)	1.58
"Melatonin is an endogenous compound with a variety of physiological roles."	( Melatonin as a mitochondrial protector in neurodegenerative diseases. Govitrapong, P; Wongprayoon, P, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin is an indolamine with a recognized chronobiotic role. "	( Melatonin intake and potential chronobiological effects on human health. Bressan, J; Gomes Domingos, AL; Hermsdorff, HHM, 2019)	3.4
"Melatonin may prove to be an efficient substitute for sodium valproate, as a chronic migraine prophylaxis."	( Use of melatonin versus valproic acid in prophylaxis of migraine patients: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. Abdolrazaghnejad, A; Ebrahimi-Monfared, M; Faraji, F; Mohammadbeigi, A; Sharafkhah, M, 2017)	1.63
"Melatonin is an antioxidant, secreted by the pineal gland."	( Phytanic acid induced neurological alterations in rat brain synaptosomes and its attenuation by melatonin. Chaudhary, S; Parvez, S, 2017)	1.39
"Melatonin is a well-known, nighttime-produced indole found in bacteria, eukaryotic unicellulars, animals or vascular plants. "	( Melatonin transport into mitochondria. Cernuda-Cernuda, R; González-Menéndez, P; Hevia, D; Mayo, JC; Sainz, RM, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted from pineal glands of mammals and possesses diverse physiological functions."	( Melatonin potentiates the antitumor effect of curcumin by inhibiting IKKβ/NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathway. Du, X; Hou, Q; Jiang, J; Liu, F; Peng, Y; Shrestha, S; Song, J; Song, X; Sun, D; Sun, X; Wang, Q; Xing, J; Zhao, J; Zhu, J, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin is an ancient antioxidant. "	( Melatonin as a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant: one of evolution's best ideas. Galano, A; Jou, MJ; Reiter, RJ; Rosales-Corral, S; Tan, DX; Xu, B, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin (MLT) is a natural protector of neural cells against toxicity."	( Radio-Protective Effects of Melatonin on Subventricular Zone in Irradiated Rat: Decrease in Apoptosis and Upregulation of Nestin. Malek, F; Moghahi, SMHN; Mokhtari, T; Naseri, S; Rastegar, T; Roghani, M; Shirazi, AR, 2017)	1.47
"Melatonin is an indolic hormone that regulates a plethora of functions ranging from the regulation of circadian rhythms and antioxidant properties to the induction and maintenance of tumor suppressor pathways. "	( Melatonin and Hippo Pathway: Is There Existing Cross-Talk? Blandino, G; Lo Sardo, F; Muti, P; Strano, S, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin is a promising neuroprotective agent after perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. "	( Early metabolite changes after melatonin treatment in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury studied by in-vivo1H MR spectroscopy. Berger, HR; Brubakk, AM; Morken, TS; Nyman, AKG; Vettukattil, R; Widerøe, M, 2017)	2.18
"Melatonin is a well-known bioactive molecule with an array of health-promoting properties. "	( Overexpression of ovine AANAT and HIOMT genes in switchgrass leads to improved growth performance and salt-tolerance. Cui, X; Guan, C; Huang, YH; Liu, SJ; Tian, DY; Yang, FY; Yuan, S; Zhang, YW, 2017)	1.9
"Melatonin is a multifunctional bioactive molecule that plays comprehensive physiological roles in all living organisms. "	( A Comparative Genomic and Transcriptomic Survey Provides Novel Insights into N-Acetylserotonin Methyltransferase (ASMT) in Fish. Bian, C; Coon, SL; Li, J; Ruan, Z; Shi, Q; You, X; Zhang, K, 2017)	1.9
"Melatonin is a pleiotropic hormone with powerful antioxidant activity both in vivo and in vitro. "	( The effects of melatonin on colonization of neonate spermatogonial mouse stem cells in a three-dimensional soft agar culture system. Abbasi, M; Hoshino, Y; Navid, S, 2017)	2.25
"Melatonin is an important modulator of gene expression related to plant hormones, e.g. "	( Melatonin and its relationship to plant hormones. Arnao, MB; Hernández-Ruiz, J, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin (MT) is a kind of indole hormone, and the retina is one of its natural sites of secretion in the human body."	( Melatonin regulates traumatic optic neuropathy via targeting autophagy. Guo, J; Jiang, WK; Liu, DJ; Ma, LS; Wei, J; Yu, HJ, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin is a hormone transferring information about duration of darkness to the organism and is known to modulate several signaling pathways in the cells, e.g. "	( Melatonin-Induced Changes in Cytosolic Calcium Might be Responsible for Apoptosis Induction in Tumour Cells. Babula, P; Chovancova, B; Grman, M; Hudecova, S; Krizanova, O; Lencesova, L; Moravcik, R; Penesova, A; Rezuchova, I; Zeman, M, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin is a widely studied biomolecule; it acts as an antioxidant and a signaling molecule that enhances the abiotic stress tolerance of plants."	( Melatonin pretreatment improves vanadium stress tolerance of watermelon seedlings by reducing vanadium concentration in the leaves and regulating melatonin biosynthesis and antioxidant-related gene expression. Bie, Z; Chen, C; Huang, Y; Imtiaz, M; Jiao, Y; Nawaz, MA; Shireen, F; Zheng, Z, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin is an endocrine neurohormone secreted by pinealocytes in the pineal gland. "	( Analysis of miRNA expression profiles in melatonin-exposed GC-1 spg cell line. Chen, L; Chen, S; Jiang, Y; Li, C; Xu, Y; Zhao, Y; Zhou, X; Zhu, X, 2018)	2.19
"Melatonin also acts as a cell survival agent by modulating autophagy in various cell types and under different conditions through amelioration of oxidative stress, ER stress and inflammation."	( Diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis and the ameliorating effects of melatonin; involvement of autophagy, inflammation and oxidative stress. Dehdashtian, E; Ghaznavi, H; Hosseinzadeh, A; Mehrzadi, S; Naseripour, M; Reiter, RJ; Safa, M; Yousefi, B, 2018)	1.44
"Melatonin is an important chronobiological regulatory molecule that is mainly released from the pineal gland and exerts antioxidant effects by acting as a radical scavenger."	( Correlations of Serum Cyclophilin A and Melatonin Concentrations with Hypertension-induced Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. Bu, P; Chen, T; Guo, X; Li, J; Su, H; Wang, S; Xiao, J, 2017)	1.44
"Melatonin is a neurohormone that is involved in the modulation of a wide range of physiological processes, including maintenance of the circadian rhythm, mediation of photoperiodic information, regulation of the sleep-wake cycle, synchronization of cell physiology, antioxidant defense, and immune-modulation. "	( Melatonin, adolescence, and the brain: An insight into the period-specific influences of a multifunctional signaling molecule. Onaolapo, AY; Onaolapo, OJ, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin is a well-known broad-spectrum antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumour agent, but the effects of melatonin on busulfan-induced ERS in mouse testes damage are less documented."	( Melatonin Relieves Busulfan-Induced Spermatogonial Stem Cell Apoptosis of Mouse Testis by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Cui, Y; Du, E; Fang, J; He, X; Hua, J; Li, B; Miao, Y; Peng, S; Ren, L; Zhai, Y, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin is a neurohormone that controls many relevant physiological processes beyond the control of circadian rhythms. "	( Docking studies for melatonin receptors. Alkozi, HA; Doadrio, AL; Pintor, J; Sánchez Montero, JM, 2018)	2.25
"Melatonin is an endogenous endolamine hormone that plays an important role in the immune system due to its anti-inflammatory action."	( Diagnostic utility of serum melatonin levels in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study. Daoud, MS; Gorial, FI; Rasheed, AB, 2017)	1.47
"Phytomelatonin is an interesting compound due to its outstanding actions at the cellular and physiological level, especially its protective effect in plants exposed to diverse stress situations, while its vegetable origin offers many opportunities because it is a natural compound."	( The Potential of Phytomelatonin as a Nutraceutical. Arnao, MB; Hernández-Ruiz, J, 2018)	1.25
"Melatonin is a neurohormone that is mostly produced by the pineal gland."	( Melatonin attenuates homocysteine-induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Aminzadeh, A; Mehrzadi, S, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin is a pleiotropic signal molecule that plays critical roles in regulating plant growth and development, as well as providing physiological protections against various environmental stresses. "	( Melatonin Alleviates High Temperature-Induced Pollen Abortion in Solanum lycopersicum. Ahmad, P; Alyemeni, MN; Kanwar, MK; Li, DY; Qi, ZY; Wang, KX; Wijaya, L; Yan, MY; Zhou, J, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin is an endogenous indoleamine with a wide range of biological functions in the various organisms from bacteria to mammals. "	( Mitochondrial cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 is responsible for melatonin-induced apoptosis in neural cancer cells. Huo, X; Jian, Y; Li, B; Ma, X; Peng, Y; Sun, Z; Tang, N; Tian, X; Wang, C; Wang, W; Yu, Z, 2018)	2.17
"Melatonin is a hormone synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidepressant-like effects."	( Neuroprotective effect of melatonin against lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Buss, ZS; Doneda, DL; Ferreira, YS; Fraga-Junior, EB; Lima, E; Lopes, L; Mendonça, CB; Rossi, FL; Stupp, IJV; Taniguti, EH; Vandresen-Filho, S; Ynoue, HN, 2018)	1.5
"Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule and exhibits different effects in long-day and short-day breeding animals. "	( Melatonin Regulates the Synthesis of Steroid Hormones on Male Reproduction: A Review. Deng, SL; Li, YY; Liu, YX; Sun, TC; Yu, K, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin is a key hormone that regulates circadian rhythms, metabolism, and reproduction. "	( LIM homeobox transcription factor Isl1 is required for melatonin synthesis in the pig pineal gland. Cui, S; Gou, K; Jiang, Y; Li, H; Qiu, J; Wang, Y; Zhang, J; Zhang, T; Zhou, Y, 2018)	2.17
"Melatonin is a neurohormone synthesized from the aromatic amino acid tryptophan mainly by the pineal gland of mammals. "	( Pleiotropic roles of melatonin in endometriosis, recurrent spontaneous abortion, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Gu, CJ; Li, DJ; Li, MQ; Meng, YH; Shao, J; Yang, HL; Zhou, WJ, 2018)	2.24
"Melatonin is a natural indoleamine produced by the pineal gland that has many functions, including regulation of the circadian rhythm. "	( Melatonin and Cancer Hallmarks. Talib, WH, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin is an astonishingly versatile molecule in this context."	( Melatonin: A Versatile Protector against Oxidative DNA Damage. Galano, A; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin is an effective treatment in MS patients and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS."	( Spasticity Treatment Ameliorates the Efficacy of Melatonin Therapy in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Farhadi, N; Ghareghani, M; Sadeghi, H; Zibara, K, 2018)	1.46
"Melatonin is a neurohormone secreted from the pineal gland and has a wide-ranging regulatory and neuroprotective role. "	( The neuroprotective role of melatonin in neurological disorders. Alghamdi, BS, 2018)	2.22
"Low melatonin levels are a frequent finding in ASD patients."	( Low maternal melatonin level increases autism spectrum disorder risk in children. Braam, W; Curfs, L; Ehrhart, F; Maas, APHM; Smits, MG, 2018)	1.33
"Melatonin is an endogenous hormone primarily known for its action on the circadian rhythms. "	( Therapeutic potential of melatonin for breast cancer radiation therapy patients. Griffin, F; Marignol, L, 2018)	2.23
"Melatonin is a neurohormone produced in both animals and plants. "	( Characterization of the Mel1c melatoninergic receptor in platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus). Boutin, JA; Gautier, C; Grützner, F; Guenin, SP; Legros, C; Nosjean, O; Perry, TJ; Riest-Fery, I; Simonneaux, V, 2018)	2.21
"Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone synthesized primarily by the pineal gland that is indicated to effectively prevent myocardial reperfusion injury. "	( Melatonin-Induced Protective Effects on Cardiomyocytes Against Reperfusion Injury Partly Through Modulation of IP3R and SERCA2a Via Activation of ERK1. Chen, Y; Hu, S; Zhang, Y; Zhou, H; Zhu, P, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin is an endocrine hormone, secreted during darkness, derived from tryptophan, and produced mainly by the pineal gland."	( Multi-Faceted Role of Melatonin in Neuroprotection and Amelioration of Tau Aggregates in Alzheimer's Disease. Balmik, AA; Chinnathambi, S, 2018)	1.52
"Melatonin is a hormone mainly synthesized by the pineal gland in vertebrates and known well as an endogenous regulator of circadian and seasonal rhythms. "	( Involvement of the nitric oxide in melatonin-mediated protection against injury. Fan, W; Gu, W; Guan, X; He, H; He, Y; Huang, F; Wu, Z; Zhu, X, 2018)	2.2
"Melatonin is a pleiotropic hormone with several functions. "	( Melatonin and cardioprotection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury: What's new? A review. Huisamen, B; Lochner, A; Marais, E, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin, which is an antioxidant and neuroprotective agent, can be an effective treatment for neurological disorders. "	( Therapeutic effect of perinatal exogenous melatonin on behavioral and histopathological changes and antioxidative enzymes in neonate mouse model of cortical malformation. Azizi, M; Kashani, IR; Mokhtari, T; Nadji, SA; Omidi, N; Pasbakhsh, P; Pourabdollah, M; Sadr, M; Zendehdel, A, 2018)	2.19
"Melatonin is a direct free-radical scavenger and indirect antioxidant."	( Melatonin enhances antioxidant molecules in the placenta, reduces secretion of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFLT) from primary trophoblast but does not rescue endothelial dysfunction: An evaluation of its potential to treat preeclampsia. Beard, S; Binder, NK; Hannan, NJ; Kaitu'u-Lino, TJ; Nguyen, TV; Tong, S, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin is a circadian rhythm regulator and any imbalance in its levels can be related to various metabolic disorders. "	( Association of melatonin &MTNR1B variants with type 2 diabetes in Gujarat population. Begum, R; Palit, SP; Patel, R; Ramachandran, AV; Rathwa, N, 2018)	2.28
"Melatonin is a well-known potent endogenous antioxidant pharmacological agent with significant neuroprotective actions. "	( Acute dose of melatonin via Nrf2 dependently prevents acute ethanol-induced neurotoxicity in the developing rodent brain. Ali, T; Kim, MO; Rehman, SU; Shah, FA, 2018)	2.28
"Melatonin is an indolamine synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland along with other extrapineal sources including immune system cells, the brain, skin and the gastrointestinal tract. "	( Role of Melatonin in the Inflammatory Process and its Therapeutic Potential. Ayala, A; Cano, M; Carrascal, L; Nunez-Abades, P, 2018)	2.36
"Melatonin is a neurohormone mainly released by the pineal gland in a circadian manner and it regulates brain functions in various manners."	( Melatonin in Synaptic Impairments of Alzheimer's Disease. Fang, YY; Jiang, Q; Lu, Y; Shi, Y; Tang, N; Tian, Q; Wei, YP; Zeng, P, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin is a molecule that can enhance the resistance of plants to abiotic stress. "	( Heterologous expression of ZjOMT from Zoysia japonica in Escherichia coli confers aluminum resistance through melatonin production. Han, L; He, C; Luo, H, 2018)	2.14
"Melatonin is considered to be an anti-aging agent."	( Melatonin attenuates postovulatory oocyte dysfunction by regulating SIRT1 expression. Dai, S; Li, F; Liu, J; Luo, X; Sun, Y; Yang, Q; Yao, G; Zhu, J, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin is a bioactive, edible ingredient that promotes human health and exists widely in plants, but little is known about its biosynthetic routes and underlying molecular mechanisms in the herbaceous peony. "	( Melatonin and Expression of Tryptophan Decarboxylase Gene ( Liu, D; Sun, J; Tao, J; Wang, R; Wu, Y; Zhao, D, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted from the pineal gland and has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. "	( Low serum melatonin levels are associated with erectile dysfunction. Aktas, BK; Bozkurt, A; Gunay, M; Hirik, E; Karabakan, M; Keskin, E, )	1.98
"As melatonin is a natural antioxidant molecule, detailed pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies are expected to establish it as an effective nephro-protective agent in future."	( Melatonin attenuates arsenic induced nephropathy via the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling cascades in mice. Dutta, S; Mahalanobish, S; Sadhukhan, P; Saha, S; Sil, PC, 2018)	2.44
"Melatonin is an endogenous hormone produced by the pineal gland as well as many other tissues and organs. "	( Modulation of serine/threonine phosphatases by melatonin: therapeutic approaches in neurodegenerative diseases. Arribas, RL; de Los Ríos, C; Egea, J; Romero, A, 2018)	2.18
"Melatonin (MEL) is a hormone that is produced in the brain and is known to bind to MEL-specific receptors on neuronal membranes in several brain regions. "	( Melatonin as a Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review of Published Evidence. Alexander, S; Conley, YP; Dixon, CE; McGreevy, E; Osier, N; Pham, L; Puccio, A; Ren, D, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin is a hormone synthesized by the pineal gland at night in the absence of light."	( Evaluation of melatonin and AFMK levels in women with breast cancer. Bordin-Junior, NA; de Almeida, EA; de Campos Zuccari, DAP; de Castro, TB, 2018)	1.56
"Melatonin is a multifunctional molecule with numerous biological activities. "	( Stimulatory Effects of Melatonin on Porcine In Vitro Maturation Are Mediated by MT2 Receptor. Jin, JX; Kim, GA; Lee, BC; Lee, S; Taweechaipaisankul, A, 2018)	2.23
"Melatonin (MT) is a hormone mainly produced by the pineal gland. "	( Electrophysiological effects of melatonin on rat trigeminal ganglion neurons that participate in nociception in vitro. Cheng, B; Fan, WG; Guan, XY; He, HW; Huang, F; Yan, Y; You, YY, 2018)	2.21
"Melatonin is a potent inhibitor of androgen production in gonadal cells of several species in a membrane receptor-dependent manner."	( Membrane receptor-independent inhibitory effect of melatonin on androgen production in porcine theca cells. Cao, Z; Li, Y; Luo, L; Pu, Y; Wang, H; Zhang, Y, 2018)	1.45
"Melatonin is a pineal hormone that regulates circadian and seasonal rhythms and most likely is involved in regulating glucose metabolism."	( Oral supplementation with melatonin reduces oxidative damage and concentrations of inducible nitric oxide synthase, VEGF and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in the retina of rats with streptozotocin/nicotinamide induced pre-diabetes. Basic, J; Cvetkovic, T; Despotovic, M; Djordjevic, B; Kocic, G; Pavlovic, D; Sokolovic, D; Stoimenov, TJ; Velickov, A; Veljkovic, A; Zivanovic, S, 2018)	1.5
"Melatonin is a potent, nonselective neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory agent that is showing promising results in neonatal brain injury."	( Melatonin as a Treatment after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Pre-Clinical and Clinical Literature. Barlow, KM; Boyd, R; Esser, MJ; Veidt, M, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin is an endogenous pleiotropic molecule which orchestrates regulatory functions and protective capacity against age-related ailments. "	( Melatonin induces mechanisms of brain resilience against neurodegeneration. Cardoso, BR; Corpas, R; Franciscato Cozzolino, SM; García de Frutos, P; Griñán-Ferré, C; Pallàs, M; Palomera-Ávalos, V; Porquet, D; Rodríguez-Farré, E; Sanfeliu, C, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin is a physiological indoleamine involved in circadian rhythm regulation and it is currently used for secondary sleep disorders supported by empirical evidence. "	( Exogenous melatonin as a treatment for secondary sleep disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Deng, C; Han, M; Jiang, S; Li, T; Lv, J; Reiter, RJ; Yang, Y; Yang, Z, 2019)	2.36
"Melatonin is a circadian hormone, produced by pineal gland and extra-pineal sources, involved in processes which have in common a rhythmic expression."	( Melatonin treatment suppresses appetite genes and improves adipose tissue plasticity in diet-induced obese zebrafish. Abbate, F; Germanà, A; Guerrera, MC; Laura, R; Levanti, M; Mania, M; Montalbano, G; Navarra, M; Vega, JA, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin is a potential therapeutic agent for endometriosis, but its molecular mechanism is unclear. "	( Melatonin inhibits 17β-estradiol-induced migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in normal and endometriotic endometrial epithelial cells. Chen, ZJ; Li, M; Liu, Z; Mu, YL; Qi, S; Yan, L; Zhang, H; Zhao, X, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin is an anti-aging and antioxidant hormone synthesized from the pineal gland."	( Melatonin Loading Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles: Application in Attenuating Etoposide-Induced Genotoxicity in HepG2 Cells. Ghassemi-Barghi, N; Shokrzadeh, M, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin is an important factor involved in regulating reproduction; it is synthesized enzymatically by the sequential action of melatonin-synthesizing enzymes, arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT), and exerts its biological functions mainly through receptor-mediated action. "	( Expression of melatonin and its related synthase and membrane receptors in the oestrous corpus luteum and corpus luteum verum of sheep. Dong, W; Hu, J; Li, F; Ma, Y; Song, L; Xiao, L; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Y; Zhao, X, 2018)	2.28
"Melatonin acts as a crucial signaling and antioxidant molecule with multiple physiological functions in organisms. "	( Delay of Postharvest Browning in Litchi Fruit by Melatonin via the Enhancing of Antioxidative Processes and Oxidation Repair. Gao, Z; Hu, M; Huber, DJ; Jiang, G; Jiang, Y; Xu, X; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z, 2018)	2.18
"Melatonin is an important regulator in human circadian rhythms and the sleep-wake cycle."	( Melatonin secretion following brain midline irradiation is diminished, but not correlated with subjective sleep disturbances. Brabant, G; Clusmann, H; Gebauer, J; Kreitschmann-Andermahr, I; Piroth, M; Rosenkranz, E; Siegel, S; Thissen, A, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin is a tryptophan-derived molecule with pleiotropic activities which is produced in all living organisms. "	( Melatonin in Prevention of the Sequence from Reflux Esophagitis to Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: Experimental and Clinical Perspectives. Brzozowska, I; Brzozowski, T; Kwiecien, S; Magierowska, K; Magierowski, M; Majka, J; Szlachcic, A; Wierdak, M; Wojcik, D; Zagajewski, J, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin (MEL) is an ancient molecule, broadly distributed in nature from unicellular to multicellular species. "	( Involvement of Melatonin in the Regulation of the Circadian System in Crayfish. Alvarado, R; Báez-Saldaña, A; Benítez-King, G; Flores-Soto, E; Fuentes-Pardo, B; Galicia-Mendoza, F; Guarneros-Bañuelos, E; Mendoza-Vargas, L; Solís-Chagoyán, H; Sommer, B; Valdés-Tovar, M, 2018)	2.28
"Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant that can act as a protective agent against DNA damage caused by genotoxic agents, such as ethanol."	( Protective effect of exogenous melatonin in rats and their offspring on the genotoxic response induced by the chronic consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. Chagas, CA; Lapa Neto, CJC; Santos, KRPD; Silva, MAD; Sousa Coelho, IDD; Souza, TGDS; Teixeira, ÁAC; Wanderley Teixeira, V, 2018)	1.49
"Melatonin is a natural body product that has shown potent antioxidant property against various toxic agents. "	( Mechanisms for Radioprotection by Melatonin; Can it be Used as a Radiation Countermeasure? Amini, P; Cheki, M; Farhood, B; Goushbolagh, NA; Mirtavoos-Mahyari, H; Motevaseli, E; Musa, AE; Najafi, M; Shabeeb, D; Shirazi, A; Yahyapour, R, 2019)	2.24
"Melatonin is a neurohormone known to modulate a wide range of circadian functions, including sleep. "	( Ocular and systemic melatonin and the influence of light exposure. Ostrin, LA, 2019)	2.28
"Melatonin is a hormone known to regulate circadian rhythm and reduce smooth muscle activity such as in the bladder."	( Results of a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover trial of melatonin for treatment of Nocturia in adults with multiple sclerosis (MeNiMS). Canham, L; Cotterill, N; Cottrell, D; Delgado, D; Drake, MJ; Homewood, J; Inglis, K; Johnson, L; Kisanga, MC; Owen, D; White, P, 2018)	1.43
"Melatonin is a hormone that is produced by the pineal gland, and it plays an important role in regulating many physiological functions in human body."	( Roles of melatonin and its receptors in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Apaijai, N; Chattipakorn, N; Chattipakorn, SC; Singhanat, K, 2018)	1.62
"Melatonin is a free radical scavenger, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic agent that reported to enhance the quality of embryos by inhibiting ROS generation and apoptosis."	( Melatonin supplementation during prolonged in vitro maturation improves the quality and development of poor-quality porcine oocytes via anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects. Cho, ES; Il Jin, D; Kang, JW; Kim, SB; Lee, JE; Lin, T; Oqani, RK, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland. "	( [Melatonin: Physiological and pharmacological aspects related to sleep: The interest of a prolonged-release formulation (Circadin Claustrat, B; Quera-Salva, MA, 2018)	2.83
"Melatonin is a documented potent antioxidant, nontoxic and cardioprotective agent, and it is involved in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and function."	( AMPK/PGC1α activation by melatonin attenuates acute doxorubicin cardiotoxicity via alleviating mitochondrial oxidative damage and apoptosis. Di, S; Liu, D; Ma, Z; Qiao, S; Reiter, RJ; Xu, L; Yang, J; Yang, Y; Yuan, J, 2018)	1.51
"Melatonin is a key regulatory hormone produced mainly in the pineal gland. "	( Melatonin as a structural template in the development of novel drugs for neurodegenerative disorders. Korábečný, J, )	3.02
"Melatonin is a multifunctional hormone that has long been known for its antitumoral effects. "	( Adjuvant chemotherapy with melatonin for targeting human cancers: A review. Farhood, B; Hashemi Goradel, N; Khanlarkhani, N; Mortezaee, K; Najafi, M; Namjoo, Z; Nashtaei, MS; Salehi, E, 2019)	2.25
"Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule present in almost every live being from bacteria to humans. "	( Melatonin as a Hormone: New Physiological and Clinical Insights. Amaral, FGD; Cipolla-Neto, J, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin is a lipophilic hormone synthesized and secreted mainly in the pineal gland, acting as a neuroendocrine transducer of photoperiodic information during the night. "	( From Implantation to Birth: Insight into Molecular Melatonin Functions. Carlomagno, G; Minini, M; Tilotta, M; Unfer, V, 2018)	2.18
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and tissue protector against inflammation and oxidative stress."	( Melatonin and pancreatic cancer: Current knowledge and future perspectives. Asemi, Z; Behnamfar, M; Mirhosseini, N; Reiter, RJ; Tamtaji, OR, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin is an endogenous hormone commonly associated with regulation of sleep. "	( Assessing the Potential Role for Topical Melatonin in an Antiaging Skin Regimen. Burgess, CM; Day, D; Kircik, LH, 2018)	2.19
"Melatonin is an immune modulator that displays both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. "	( Melatonin and inflammation-Story of a double-edged blade. Hardeland, R, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin (MLT) is a recently discovered phytochemical in wine, but its influence on physiological MLT levels is still unknown. "	( Effect of Red Wine Intake on Serum and Salivary Melatonin Levels: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Antognetti, J; Carrassi, A; Iriti, M; Lodi, G; Paroni, R; Sardella, A; Varoni, EM, 2018)	2.18
"Melatonin (MLT) is an extraordinary antioxidant, which plays an important role in reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) by scavenging them directly or indirectly. "	( Antigenotoxic effect of melatonin against mercuric chloride in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Patel, TA; Rao, MV, 2018)	2.23
"Melatonin is an important factor affecting cashmere growth and can regulate the growth cycle via effects on gene expression."	( Long noncoding RNA and gene expression analysis of melatonin-exposed Liaoning cashmere goat fibroblasts indicating cashmere growth. Cao, M; Cao, Q; Jin, M; Piao, J; Zhao, F, 2018)	1.45
"Melatonin is a hormone of the pineal gland that has a wide range of biological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activity. "	( Effects of melatonin on apoptosis and cell differentiation in MCF-7 derived cancer stem cells. Dönmez, H; Koçak, N; Yildirim, İH, 2018)	2.31
"Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule in nature, being locally synthesized in several cells and tissues, besides being a hormone that is centrally produced in the pineal gland of vertebrates, particularly in mammals. "	( A brief review about melatonin, a pineal hormone. Amaral, FGD; Cipolla-Neto, J, 2018)	2.24
"Melatonin is an endogenous neurohormone that is produced in most living organisms, including unicellular and multicellular organisms, plants, vertebrates, and nonvertebrate animals. "	( Melatonin: A New-Generation Therapy for Reducing Chronic Pain and Improving Sleep Disorder-Related Pain. Kaur, T; Shyu, BC, )	3.02
"Melatonin is a neurohormone associated with sleep and wakefulness and is mainly produced by the pineal gland. "	( The multiple protective roles and molecular mechanisms of melatonin and its precursor N-acetylserotonin in targeting brain injury and liver damage and in maintaining bone health. Aly, H; Bhattacharya, P; Chiocca, EA; Cui, Y; Fu, J; Jiang, J; Johnson, MD; Lawler, SE; Liu, Y; Luo, C; Ma, H; Reiter, RJ; Rozental, R; Wang, X; Yang, H; Yang, Q; Yao, J; Zhang, X; Zhou, S, 2019)	2.2
"Melatonin is an endogenous natural hormone synthesized and released by the pineal gland."	( Melatonin defends mouse oocyte quality from benzo[ghi]perylene-induced deterioration. Li, WD; Luo, SM; Shen, W; Sun, QY; Yin, S; Yu, S, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties."	( Voluntary alcohol consumption exacerbated high fat diet-induced cognitive deficits by NF-κB-calpain dependent apoptotic cell death in rat hippocampus: Ameliorative effect of melatonin. Choubey, P; Dwivedi, DK; Jangra, A; Kumar, D; Kwatra, M; Lahkar, M; Pandey, SN, 2018)	1.4
"Melatonin is a beneficial agent in the treatment of inflammatory and immune disorders."	( Melatonin, a toll-like receptor inhibitor: Current status and future perspectives. Asemi, Z; Azami, A; Gholami, MS; Mobini, M; Reiter, RJ; Tamtaji, OR, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin is a hormone with many different biological activities and therefore seems to be an important factor reducing the harmful effects caused by toxic organophosphorus compounds. "	( Assessment of exogenous melatonin action on mouse liver cells after exposure to soman. Antkowiak, B; Brytan, M; Ciechanowska, M; Kopacz-Bednarska, A; Kowalczyk, M; Król, G; Król, T; Paluch, M; Saracyn, M; Trybus, E; Trybus, W, 2018)	2.23
"Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule with many diverse actions in plants. "	( Melatonin: A New Plant Hormone and/or a Plant Master Regulator? Arnao, MB; Hernández-Ruiz, J, 2019)	3.4
"Melatonin is a hormone found naturally in the human body, which is responsible for the regulation of sleep-wake cycles."	( Spectroscopic Analysis of Melatonin in the Terahertz Frequency Range. Abina, A; Jeglič, A; Kašalynas, I; Puc, U; Valušis, G; Venckevičius, R; Zidanšek, A, 2018)	1.5
"Melatonin is a multifunctional signaling molecule that regulates broad aspects of responses to environmental stresses in plants. "	( Foliar spraying of melatonin confers cadmium tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum L. Chen, S; Duan, S; Wang, D; Wang, M; Zhou, Z, 2019)	2.29
"Melatonin is a hormone produced in animals by the pineal gland and in plants under stress. "	( New insights into the role of melatonin in plants and animals. Agathokleous, E; Calabrese, EJ; Kitao, M, 2019)	2.25
"Melatonin is a molecule that is associated with circadian rhythms."	( Melatonin-mediated downregulation of thymidylate synthase as a novel mechanism for overcoming 5-fluorouracil associated chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells. Goel, A; Sakatani, A; Sonohara, F, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin is a ubiquitous hormone found in various organisms and highly affects the function of immune cells. "	( Melatonin in macrophage biology: Current understanding and future perspectives. Chen, S; Deng, B; Hardeland, R; Ren, W; Wang, W; Xia, Y; Yin, Y; Zeng, S; Zhao, Y; Zhu, C; Zhu, G, 2019)	3.4
"Melatonin is a signal molecule that modulates the biological circadian rhythms of vertebrates. "	( Melatonin: Another avenue for treating osteoporosis? Hu, W; Jiang, S; Li, T; Lu, C; Xin, Z; Yang, W; Yang, Y; Yang, Z, 2019)	3.4
"Melatonin is an amine hormone that plays an important role in regulating mammalian reproduction. "	( Profile of melatonin and its receptors and synthesizing enzymes in cumulus-oocyte complexes of the developing sheep antral follicle-a potential estradiol-mediated mechanism. Dong, W; Hu, J; Jiang, Y; Song, L; Xiao, L; Yuan, L; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Y; Zhao, X, 2019)	2.35
"Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland, predominantly at night, and plays a pivotal role in regulating the circadian rhythm as well as a variety of biological functions, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity, and preservation of endothelial cell function. "	( The pivotal role of melatonin in ameliorating chronic kidney disease by suppression of the renin-angiotensin system in the kidney. Ishigaki, S; Isobe, S; Ohashi, N, 2019)	2.28
"Melatonin is an important hormone regulating circadian rhythm, neuroprotection and neuroimmune processes. "	( The evolutionarily conserved role of melatonin in CNS disorders and behavioral regulation: Translational lessons from zebrafish. Amstislavskaya, TG; Bashirzade, A; de Abreu, MS; Demin, KA; Dos Santos, BE; Genario, R; Giacomini, ACVV; Kalueff, AV; Marchiori, NI; Volgin, AD, 2019)	2.23
"Melatonin is a key hormone regulating daily and seasonal rhythms, in which a variety of positive and negative regulatory factors, such as norepinephrine (NE) and leptin, are involved."	( MicroRNA-7 inhibits melatonin synthesis by acting as a linking molecule between leptin and norepinephrine signaling pathways in pig pineal gland. Cui, S; Gou, K; Li, H; Li, X; Liu, J; Qiu, J; Zhang, J; Zhao, J; Zhou, Y, 2019)	1.56
"Melatonin is a natural molecule produced in the pineal gland and other tissues. "	( Leptin mediates the effects of melatonin on female reproduction in mammals. Hu, X; Liu, G; Lv, D; Tan, T; Wang, J; Xing, Y; Zhang, L; Zhang, S; Zhu, T, 2019)	2.24
"Melatonin is a pleiotropic anti-cancer molecule that controls cancer growth by multiple mechanisms. "	( RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis shows anti-tumor actions of melatonin in a breast cancer xenograft model. Alexandre, PA; Chammas, R; Coutinho, LL; de Paula-Junior, R; Fukumasu, H; Jardim-Perassi, BV; Reis Júnior, O; Sonehara, NM; Zuccari, DAPC, 2019)	2.2
"Melatonin is a multifunctional indolamine and has a cardioprotective role in a variety of cardiovascular processes via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, and antilipemic effects. "	( Plasma levels of melatonin in dilated cardiomyopathy. Kobayashi, A; Kunii, H; Misaka, T; Nakazato, K; Oikawa, M; Sato, T; Sugimoto, K; Takeishi, Y; Yamaki, T; Yokokawa, T; Yoshihisa, A, 2019)	2.3
"Melatonin is a documented potent anti-inflammatory regent and antioxidant, the underlying roles of melatonin in regulating microglia activation via mitochondria remain unclear."	( Melatonin decreases M1 polarization via attenuating mitochondrial oxidative damage depending on UCP2 pathway in prorenin-treated microglia. Cai, J; Chen, F; Du, D; Hu, L; Liu, T; Wen, H; Xia, C; Zhang, S; Zhu, D, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin is a natural health product used for sleep disturbances. "	( Phase I dose-finding study for melatonin in pediatric oncology patients with relapsed solid tumors. Baruchel, S; Deyell, RJ; Johnston, DL; Morgenstern, D; Narendran, A; Nicksy, D; Samson, Y; Wu, B; Zupanec, S, 2019)	2.24
"Melatonin is an antioxidant and scavenger of free radicals secreted by the pineal gland."	( Valproic Acid Induced Neurotoxicological Manifestations and its Mitigation by Melatonin in Rat Brain Synaptosomes. Chaudhary, S; Parvez, S, 2018)	1.43
"Melatonin is an oncostatic agent with a capacity of modifying the expression of innumerable genes and miRNAs related to cancer."	( Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin in the Regulation of MiR-148a-3p and Angiogenic Factors in Breast Cancer. Aristizábal-Pachón, AF; Bajgelman, MC; Borin, TF; Ferreira, LC; Lacerda, JZ; Lopes, BC; Zuccari, DAPC, 2019)	1.54
"Melatonin is a multifunctional signaling molecule, ubiquitously distributed in different parts of plants and responsible for stimulating several physiological responses to adverse environmental conditions. "	( Melatonin Mediates Enhancement of Stress Tolerance in Plants. Debnath, B; Hussain, M; Islam, W; Li, M; Liu, S; Lu, X; Mitra, S; Qiu, D; Sun, Y, 2019)	3.4
"Melatonin is a physiological indoleamine secreted from the pineal gland into the bloodstream. "	( Effects of Melatonin Supplementation On Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Ghaedi, E; Ghavami, A; Hadi, A; Kafeshani, M; Moradi, S; Pourmasoumi, M, 2019)	2.35
"Melatonin is an endogenous antioxidant involved in apoptosis and oxidative stress-related activities."	( Melatonin alleviates β-zearalenol and HT-2 toxin-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in bovine ovarian granulosa cells. Chen, K; Li, C; Li, L; Wang, G; Wang, Y; Yang, F, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin is an endogenously produced indoleamine synchronizing circadian and circannual rhythms."	( Molecular Aspects of Melatonin Treatment in Tinnitus: A Review. Ghaznavi, H; Hosseinzadeh, A; Kamali, M; Kamrava, SK; Mehrzadi, S; Moore, BCJ; Reiter, RJ, 2019)	1.55
"Melatonin is an endogenous neurohormone involved with regulating sleep-wake cycles and has been found to be disturbed in ICU delirium."	( Factors Associated With Delirium in Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients Treated With Supplemental Melatonin: A Case-Cohort Study. Cusimano, JM; Lam, S; Perez-Protto, S; Welch, S, )	1.07
"Melatonin is a effective antioxidant and circadian pacemaker."	( The potential utility of melatonin in the treatment of childhood cancer. Chao, YH; Reiter, RJ; Su, SC; Wu, KH; Yang, SF; Yeh, CM, 2019)	1.54
"Melatonin is a natural hormone that regulates circadian rhythms. "	( Should Melatonin Be Used as an Alternative Sedative and Anxiolytic Agent in Mandibular Third Molar Surgery? Torun, AC; Yüceer, E, 2019)	2.41
"Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone and has been found to be protective in heart disease."	( Network-based transcriptomic analysis reveals novel melatonin-sensitive genes in cardiovascular system. Hu, F; Li, K; Liu, FF; Wei, Q; Xiong, W, 2019)	1.49
"Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule that influences many diverse actions to enhance plant growth."	( Melatonin promotes plant growth by maintaining integration and coordination between carbon and nitrogen metabolisms. Erdal, S, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin is a potent natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that protects against toxic side effects of radiation and chemotherapy."	( Modulation of apoptosis by melatonin for improving cancer treatment efficiency: An updated review. Ahmadi, A; Farhood, B; Mortezaee, K; Musa, AE; Najafi, M; Potes, Y; Shabeeb, D, 2019)	1.53
"Melatonin is a biological hormone that plays crucial roles in stress tolerance. "	( Exogenous Melatonin Enhances Cold, Salt and Drought Stress Tolerance by Improving Antioxidant Defense in Tea Plant ( Chen, X; Chen, Y; Li, J; Li, X; Sun, K; Yang, Y, 2019)	2.36
"Melatonin acts as a crucial signaling molecule with multiple physiological functions in plant response to abiotic and biotic stresses. "	( Melatonin Induces Disease Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Tomato Fruit by Activating Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathway. Chen, L; Li, R; Liu, C; Shen, L; Sheng, J; Yu, W; Zhang, S; Zhao, R, 2019)	3.4
"Melatonin (MEL) is a naturally occurring compound in plants that have been recognized to mediate numerous morphological, physiological and molecular processes."	( Exogenous melatonin-mediated modulation of arsenic tolerance with improved accretion of secondary metabolite production, activating antioxidant capacity and improved chloroplast ultrastructure in rosemary herb. Al-Amri, SM; Farouk, S, 2019)	1.64
"Melatonin is an indolamine compound secreted from the pineal gland which shows wide range anticancer activities."	( Melatonin: A new inhibitor agent for cervical cancer treatment. Asemi, Z; Mirzaei, H; Reiter, RJ; Shafabakhsh, R; Teymoordash, SN, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin (Mel) serves as an important signalling molecule in various aspects of stress tolerance in plants. "	( COMT1 overexpression resulting in increased melatonin biosynthesis contributes to the alleviation of carbendazim phytotoxicity and residues in tomato plants. Gong, B; Shi, Q; Sun, S; Yan, Y; Yang, W; Zhao, N, 2019)	2.22
"Melatonin is a pineal hormone that has acquired several unique modes of regulating the physiological effects in mammals due to its characteristic phylogenetic history. "	( New insights into the function of melatonin and its role in metabolic disturbances. Amaral, FGD; Andrade-Silva, J; Cipolla-Neto, J; Kuwabara, WMT, 2019)	2.24
"Melatonin is a bioactive compound that is present in fermented beverages, such as wine and beer, at concentrations ranging from picograms to nanograms per mL of product. "	( Determination of melatonin by a whole cell bioassay in fermented beverages. Beltran, G; Mas, A; Morcillo-Parra, MÁ; Torija, MJ, 2019)	2.3
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland at night. "	( The use of melatonin in adult psychiatric disorders: Expert recommendations by the French institute of medical research on sleep (SFRMS). Geoffroy, PA; Lopez, R; Micoulaud Franchi, JA; Schroder, CM, 2019)	2.35
"Melatonin is a ubiquitous indole amine that plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the biological rhythm. "	( Immunoregulatory role of melatonin in cancer. Asghari, MH; Asghari, N; Fallah, M; Heidari Khoei, H; Moloudizargari, M; Moradkhani, F, 2020)	2.3
"Melatonin is an endogenous hormone, which regulates circadian rhythms and promotes sleep. "	( The effect of melatonin on delirium in hospitalised patients: A systematic review and meta-analyses with trial sequential analysis. Khor, AJ; Ng, KT; Teoh, WY, 2020)	2.36
"Melatonin is a hormone of pineal gland which is found in different plants."	( Melatonin as a potential modulator of Nrf2. Ahmadi, Z; Ashrafizadeh, M, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin is a widespread molecule among living organisms involved in multiple biological, hormonal, and physiological processes at cellular, tissue, and organic levels. "	( Melatonin in Medicinal and Food Plants: Occurrence, Bioavailability, and Health Potential for Humans. Fokou, PVT; Iriti, M; Jonge, L; Kobylinska, A; Martins, N; Martorell, M; Posmyk, MM; Salehi, B; Sharifi-Rad, J; Sharopov, F; Tadio, K, 2019)	3.4
"Melatonin (MLT) is an amine hormone secreted mainly by the pineal gland. "	( [Advances in the role of melatonin in infectious diseases: A review]. Jin, B; Ma, Y; Tang, K; Zhang, C; Zhang, Y, 2019)	2.26
"Melatonin is a well-known anti-inflammatory agent with significant neuroprotective activity."	( Inhibition of SERPINA3N-dependent neuroinflammation is essential for melatonin to ameliorate trimethyltin chloride-induced neurotoxicity. Chen, C; Chen, M; Deng, P; He, M; Hong, H; Liu, M; Lu, Y; Pi, H; Reiter, RJ; Tian, L; Xi, Y; Xie, J; Xu, S; Yu, Z; Zhang, L; Zhou, C; Zhou, Z, 2019)	1.47
"Melatonin is a neurohormone, which plays multiple roles in regulating inflammation, blood pressure, insulin actions, and energy metabolism."	( Elucidating the Regulatory Role of Melatonin in Brown, White, and Beige Adipocytes. Liu, J; Shan, T; Wang, Y; Xu, Z; You, W, 2020)	1.56
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant which showed anticonvulsant activities both in experimental and clinical studies. "	( Prophylactic treatment with melatonin after status epilepticus: effects on epileptogenesis, neuronal damage, and behavioral changes in a kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Atanasova, D; Kortenska, L; Lazarov, N; Lozanov, V; Mitreva, R; Moyanova, S; Pechlivanova, D; Petkova, Z; Stoynev, A; Tchekalarova, J, 2013)	2.13
"Melatonin is a well-known molecule which possesses many beneficial effects on human health. "	( Melatonin and its potential biological functions in the fruits of sweet cherry. Chen, H; Gao, Y; Kong, J; Lei, Q; Li, QT; Tan, DX; Wang, L; Zhao, Y, 2013)	3.28
"Melatonin is a potent neuroprotectant."	( Melatonin reduces oxidative stress in the erythrocytes of multiple sclerosis patients with secondary progressive clinical course. Kędziora, J; Majsterek, I; Miller, E; Walczak, A, 2013)	2.55
"Melatonin (MLT) is an indolic hormone produced mainly by the pineal gland. "	( Growth-inhibitory activity of melatonin on murine foregastric carcinoma cells in vitro and the underlying molecular mechanism. Liu, H; Song, J; Wang, RX; Xu, L; Zhang, H; Zhou, RX, 2013)	2.12
"Melatonin is an endogenous hormone with neuroprotective effects. "	( Melatonin attenuates isoflurane-induced acute memory impairments in aged rats. Chui, D; Guo, X; Li, Z; Liu, Y; Ni, C; Qian, M; Tang, Y; Tian, X; Zhou, Y, 2013)	3.28
"Melatonin (MEL) is an effective antioxidant in numerous experimental models, both in vitro and in vivo. "	( Can melatonin delay oxidative damage of human erythrocytes during prolonged incubation? Grebowski, J; Krokosz, A; Puchala, M; Rodacka, A; Szweda-Lewandowska, Z, 2013)	2.39
"Melatonin is an endogenous hormone rhythmically produced in the pineal gland under the control of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the light/dark cycle. "	( Melatonin effects on hard tissues: bone and tooth. He, HW; Huang, F; Liu, J, 2013)	3.28
"Melatonin is a neuroendocrine transducer of circadian/circannual rhythms able to synchronize organism's physiological activity. "	( Melatonin and peripheral circuitries: insights on appetite and metabolism in Danio rerio. Carnevali, O; Giorgini, E; Migliarini, B; Olivotto, I; Piccinetti, CC; Simoniello, MP, 2013)	3.28
"Melatonin is an important rhythmic endocrine signal within the circadian system of mammals and modulates insulin secretion and glucose metabolism."	( Melatonin-receptor-1-deficiency affects neurogenic differentiation factor immunoreaction in pancreatic islets and enteroendocrine cells of mice. Fischer, C; Korf, HW; Shalabi, A; von Gall, C, 2013)	2.55
"Melatonin is an effective antioxidant, whereas some antioxidative effects of propylthiouracil (PTU; an antithyroid medication used for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis) were also found."	( Comparison of potential protective effects of melatonin and propylthiouracil against lipid peroxidation caused by nitrobenzene in the thyroid gland. Karbownik-Lewinska, M; Zasada, K, 2015)	1.4
"Melatonin is a naturally occurring indoleamine synthesized in the pineal gland that exhibits an extensive repertoire of biological activities. "	( Melatonin induces apoptosis through a caspase-dependent but reactive oxygen species-independent mechanism in human leukemia Molt-3 cells. Cabrera, J; Estévez, F; Loro, J; Perdomo, J; Quintana, J; Reiter, RJ, 2013)	3.28
"Melatonin is an endogenously produced hormone in the brain and decreases during aging and in patients with AD."	( Melatonin in Alzheimer's disease. Chu, J; Huang, QX; Lin, L; Tian, Q; Wang, JZ; Yang, SS, 2013)	2.55
"Melatonin is a pineal hormone that regulates circadian and seasonal rhythms. "	( Melatonin elevates apoptosis in human platelets via ROS mediated mitochondrial damage. Girish, KS; Hemshekhar, M; Kemparaju, K; Paul, M; Rangappa, KS; Shanmuga Sundaram, M; Thushara, RM, 2013)	3.28
"Melatonin acts as a potent endogenous antioxidant agent that antagonizes oxidative stress, and melatonin replacement therapy could thereby prevent the development of many disorders and diseases that can afflict preterm infants such as sepsis, asphyxia, respiratory distress or surgical complications."	( Melatonin replacement therapy in preterm infants: the impact of pharmacokinetics. Poeggeler, B, 2013)	2.55
"Melatonin is an indole hormone secreted by the pineal gland during the hours of darkness in a normally entrained individual. "	( Measurement of melatonin and 6-sulphatoxymelatonin. Middleton, B, 2013)	2.19
"Melatonin is a strong antioxidant that has beneficial effects against early brain injury (EBI) following a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats; protection includes reduced mortality and brain water content. "	( Melatonin-enhanced autophagy protects against neural apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway in early brain injury following a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Chen, G; Chen, J; Gu, C; Hu, Q; Li, J; Wang, L; Wu, C; Yan, F; Yan, W, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin is an endogenous neurohormone produced predominantly in the pineal gland. "	( Melatonin in autism spectrum disorders. Frye, RE; Rossignol, DA, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin is a naturally occurring indolamine with mild antioxidant properties that is neuroprotective in perinatal animals. "	( Partial neural protection with prophylactic low-dose melatonin after asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep. Bennet, L; Booth, LC; Davidson, JO; Drury, PP; Fraser, M; Gunn, AJ; Tan, S; van den Heuij, LG, 2014)	2.09
"Melatonin is a circadian hormone transmitted via suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus and sympathetic nervous system to the pineal gland. "	( Effects of LED-backlit computer screen and emotional selfregulation on human melatonin production. Sroykham, W; Wongsawat, Y, 2013)	2.06
"Melatonin is a multifaceted molecule with direct free radical scavenging and indirect antioxidant activities."	( Melatonin and stable circadian rhythms optimize maternal, placental and fetal physiology. Korkmaz, A; Reiter, RJ; Rosales-Corral, SA; Tan, DX, )	2.3
"Melatonin is a potent reactive oxygen metabolite scavenger and antioxidant that has been shown to influence many physiological functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract including secretion, motility, digestion and absorption of nutrients. "	( Mechanisms of esophageal protection, gastroprotection and ulcer healing by melatonin. implications for the therapeutic use of melatonin in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer disease. Brzozowska, I; Brzozowski, T; Drozdowicz, D; Konturek, SJ; Strzalka, M, 2014)	2.08
"Melatonin is a widely-produced and ubiquitously-distributed molecule with multiple critical functions in all organs and organisms. "	( Melatonin in the biliary tract and liver: health implications. Liu, X; Manchester, LC; Reiter, RJ; Rosales-Corral, SA; Tan, DX, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin is an indoleamine which is produced from L-tryptophan in the pineal gland and in the other tissue including gastrointestinal tract."	( The role of melatonin in pancreatic protection: could melatonin be used in the treatment of acute pancreatitis? Bonior, J; Jaworek, A; Jaworek, J; Kot, M; Leja-Szpak, A; Nawrot-Porbka, K; Szklarczyk, J, 2014)	1.5
"Melatonin is a well-documented time-keeping hormone that can entrain an individual's physiology and behavior to the day-night cycle, though surprisingly little is known about its influence on the neural basis of social behavior, including vocalization. "	( Melatonin action in a midbrain vocal-acoustic network. Bass, AH; Feng, NY, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin (MT) is a neurohormone which mainly synthesized in the pineal gland and GIT, has been shown to alleviate the stress and regulate the intestinal motility."	( The inhibitory effect of melatonin on colonic motility disorders induced by water avoidance stress in rats. Liang, CB; Luo, HS; Tan, W; Xia, H; Zhou, W, 2013)	1.41
"Melatonin is a free radical scavenger and broad-spectrum antioxidant with immunomodulatory effects. "	( Pulmonary function changes in rats with taurocholate-induced pancreatitis are attenuated by pretreatment with melatonin. Chen, KH; Chou, TY; Leu, FJ; Reiter, RJ; Wang, D; Yeh, DY, 2014)	2.06
"Melatonin is a neurohormone associated with circadian rhythms. "	( Melatonin in the mammalian olfactory bulb. Corthell, JT; Olcese, J; Trombley, PQ, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin (MEL) is an endogenous neurohormone with many biological functions, including a powerful antioxidant effect. "	( Neuroprotective effect of melatonin in experimentally induced hypobaric hypoxia. Boşca, B; Crişan, D; Filip, A; Şovrea, A; Stan, N; Vornicescu, C; Yacoob, S, 2013)	2.13
"Melatonin (MLT) is a potent and endogenous anti-oxidant that has beneficial effects in liver I/R injury."	( Melatonin inhibits mTOR-dependent autophagy during liver ischemia/reperfusion. Cho, HI; Kang, JW; Lee, SM, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin (MLT) is a neurohormone implicated in several physiological processes such as sleep. "	( Melatonin, selective and non-selective MT1/MT2 receptors agonists: differential effects on the 24-h vigilance states. Bedini, A; Comai, S; Gobbi, G; Ochoa-Sanchez, R; Spadoni, G; Tarzia, G, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin is a well-known bioactive molecule with an array of health-promoting properties, including potent antioxidant capability."	( Elevated production of melatonin in transgenic rice seeds expressing rice tryptophan decarboxylase. Back, K; Byeon, Y; Kim, YS; Lee, HY; Park, S, 2014)	1.43
"Melatonin appears to be a marker of disease state and severity, as well as of sleep disorders, in the elderly. "	( Melatonin and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI): the Treviso Longeva (Trelong) study. Albani, D; Boldrini, P; Caberlotto, L; Di Giorgi, E; Durante, E; Flores-Obando, R; Forloni, G; Frigato, A; Gallucci, M; Mazzuco, S; Ongaro, F; Siculi, M; Taioli, E; Zanardo, A, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin is an indoleamine synthesized from tryptophan in the pineal gland and other organs that operates as a hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis modulator and regulates the waxing and waning of seasonal reproductive competence in photoperiodic mammals."	( Role of melatonin on production and preservation of gametes and embryos: a brief review. Cruz, MH; da Cruz, JF; Leal, CL; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2014)	1.56
"Melatonin is an indoleamine that modulates a wide variety of endocrine, neural and immune functions."	( Protective effects of melatonin in reducing oxidative stress and in preserving the fluidity of biological membranes: a review. Almeida-Souza, P; Bernal-Pérez, M; Escudero, P; García, JJ; García-Gil, FA; López-Pingarrón, L; Ramírez, JM; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX; Tres, A, 2014)	1.44
"Melatonin serves as a neuroprotectant in adult models of cerebral ischemia through its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects."	( Is melatonin ready to be used in preterm infants as a neuroprotectant? Alberti, C; Baud, O; Bednarek, N; Biran, V; Decobert, F; Phan Duy, A, 2014)	1.75
"Melatonin acts as a bone stimulator compared with porcine bone and control sites."	( New bone formation in bone defects after melatonin and porcine bone grafts: experimental study in rabbits. Calvo-Guirado, JL; Delgado-Ruiz, R; Gómez-Moreno, G; López-Marí, L; Maté-Sánchez, JE; Romanos, GE, 2015)	1.4
"Melatonin is a relatively safe drug that possesses potential in treating IBS."	( Melatonin for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Ho, KY; Siah, KT; Wong, RK, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin is an indoleamine that is synthesised from tryptophan under the control of the enzymes arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) and acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT). "	( Melatonin reduces endothelin-1 expression and secretion in colon cancer cells through the inactivation of FoxO-1 and NF-κβ. Casado, J; Gila, A; González-Puga, C; Jiménez Ruiz, SM; León, J; Muñoz de Rueda, P; Pavón, EJ; Reiter, RJ; Rejón, JD; Ruiz-Extremera, A; Salmerón, J; Zurita, MS, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin is a pineal hormone that has been shown to have protective effects in several diseases that are associated with cholesterol dysregulation, including cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and certain types of cancers. "	( Melatonin directly interacts with cholesterol and alleviates cholesterol effects in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine monolayers. Attwood, SJ; Choi, Y; Drolle, E; Hoopes, MI; Karttunen, M; Leonenko, Z, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin is an old and ubiquitous molecule in nature showing multiple mechanisms of action and functions in practically every living organism. "	( Melatonin, energy metabolism, and obesity: a review. Afeche, SC; Amaral, FG; Cipolla-Neto, J; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule and exists across kingdoms including plant species. "	( Arabidopsis transcriptome analysis reveals key roles of melatonin in plant defense systems. Buck, GA; Fu, C; Guo, Y; Ndip, G; Ren, S; Weeda, S; Zhang, N; Zhao, X, 2014)	2.09
"Melatonin is a chronobiotic substance that acts as synchronizer by stabilizing bodily rhythms. "	( Melatonin: functions and ligands. Jadhav, HR; Singh, M, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin is a hormone that regulates circadian rhythm, and its levels decline with age. "	( Optimal dosages for melatonin supplementation therapy in older adults: a systematic review of current literature. de Rooij, SE; van Munster, BC; Vural, EM, 2014)	2.17
"Melatonin is a potential therapeutic agent for treating cerebrovascular dysfunction associated with oxidative stress and developmental hypoxia in neonates."	( Melatonin improves cerebrovascular function and decreases oxidative stress in chronically hypoxic lambs. Díaz, M; Ebensperger, G; Herrera, EA; Llanos, AJ; Macchiavello, R; Montt, C; Parer, JT; Ramírez, S; Reyes, RV; Serón-Ferré, M, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin is a neurohormone that works as a nighttime signal for circadian integrity and health maintenance. "	( Melatonin synthesis impairment as a new deleterious outcome of diabetes-derived hyperglycemia. Afeche, SC; Amaral, FG; Barone, M; Bordin, S; Cipolla-Neto, J; do Carmo Buonfiglio, D; Lima, L; Menna-Barreto, L; Peliciari-Garcia, RA; Peres, R; Reiter, RJ; Scavone, C; Scialfa, JH; Turati, AO, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin is a free radical scavenger with important actions in the study of renal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). "	( Evaluation of renal protection from high doses of melatonin in an experimental model of renal ischemia and reperfusion in hyperglycemic rats. Castiglia, YM; de Carvalho, LR; de Souza, AV; Deffune, E; Domingues, MA; Golim, MA; Vianna, IG; Vianna, PT, 2014)	2.1
"As melatonin is a potent antioxidant, its presence in the meat could contribute to shelf life duration as well as preserve their quality and taste."	( Melatonin identified in meats and other food stuffs: potentially nutritional impact. Manchester, LC; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX; Zanghi, BM, 2014)	2.36
"Melatonin is a powerful free radical scavenger and protects the oocyte from oxidative stress, especially at the time of ovulation."	( Melatonin and the circadian system: contributions to successful female reproduction. Reiter, RJ; Tamura, H; Tan, DX; Xu, XY, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin is a hormone identified in plants and pineal glands of mammals and possesses diverse physiological functions. "	( Melatonin enhances the anti-tumor effect of fisetin by inhibiting COX-2/iNOS and NF-κB/p300 signaling pathways. Deng, W; Guo, W; Qiu, H; Tang, R; Wang, J; Xiao, Y; Yi, C; Yu, W; Yu, Z; Yuan, Y; Zhang, Y, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin is a safe and well-tolerated agent that has many biological properties that may be useful following a traumatic brain injury. "	( A double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention trial of 3 and 10 mg sublingual melatonin for post-concussion syndrome in youths (PLAYGAME): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Angelo, M; Barlow, KM; Brooks, BL; Buchhalter, J; Crawford, S; Dewey, D; Emery, CA; Esser, M; Hill, MD; Hutchison, J; Johnson, D; Kirk, V; Kirton, A; MacMaster, FP; Nettel-Aguirre, A; Platt, R; Richer, L; Seeger, T; Turley, B; Zemek, R, 2014)	2.07
"Melatonin is a hormone produced especially at night in the pineal gland; additionally is a highly important antioxidant."	( Potential role of some oxidant/antioxidant status parameters in prefrontal cortex of rat brain in an experimental psychosis model and the protective effects of melatonin. Akyol, O; Kus, I; Ozyurt, B; Ozyurt, H; Sarsilmaz, M; Songur, A, 2014)	1.32
"Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant. "	( Urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin level in diabetic retinopathy patients with type 2 diabetes. Cao, H; Chen, W; Lu, QY; Wang, N; Xu, X; Zhao, SZ; Zheng, Z, 2014)	2.17
"Melatonin is an indolamine synthesized in the pineal gland that has a wide range of physiological functions, and it has been under clinical investigation for expanded applications. "	( Melatonin Improves mitochondrial function by promoting MT1/SIRT1/PGC-1 alpha-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis in cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro. Cao, Z; Duan, W; Guo, P; He, M; Li, M; Li, R; Li, Y; Liu, C; Lu, Y; Pi, H; Tian, L; Xie, J; Xu, S; Yu, Z; Zhang, L; Zhou, Z, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin is a small, highly conserved indole with numerous receptor-mediated and receptor-independent actions. "	( Melatonin: exceeding expectations. Galano, A; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin is a hormone with well-known chronobiotic and hypnotic effects."	( Chronobiology, cognitive function and depressive symptoms in surgical patients. Hansen, MV, 2014)	1.12
"Melatonin is a strong anti-oxidant that has beneficial effects against early brain injury (EBI) following a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats; protection includes the reduction of both mortality and neurological deficits. "	( Melatonin attenuates inflammatory response-induced brain edema in early brain injury following a subarachnoid hemorrhage: a possible role for the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Chen, G; Chen, J; Gu, C; Li, J; Mo, H; Qian, C; Wang, L; Yan, F; Yan, W, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin is a natural phytochemical, and it is also important to test its beneficial metabolic effects when consumed in functional foods."	( Melatonin and metabolic regulation: a review. A-Serrano, MM; Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Agil, A; Blanca-Herrera, RM; Fernández-Vázquez, G; Navarro-Alarcón, M; Ruiz-Ojeda, FJ, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant, is nontoxic, and has been shown to influence mitochondrial homeostasis and function."	( Mitochondrial catastrophe during doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: a review of the protective role of melatonin. Engelbrecht, AM; Govender, J; Loos, B; Marais, E, 2014)	1.34
"Melatonin is a hormone which is known to be a powerful cardioprotective agent due to its free radical-scavenging properties. "	( Histopathological evaluation of melatonin as a protective agent in heart injury induced by radiation in a rat model. Erkal, HŞ; Gürses, I; Özeren, M; Serin, M; Yücel, N, 2014)	2.13
"Melatonin is a potent naturally occurring reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) scavenger in plants. "	( Overexpression of MzASMT improves melatonin production and enhances drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Feng, C; Han, Z; He, P; Kong, J; Lei, Q; Li, Q; Wang, L; Zheng, X; Zhou, J; Zuo, B, 2014)	2.12
"Melatonin is a neurohormone, chronobiotic, and antioxidant compound found in wine and deriving directly from grapes and/or synthesized by yeast during alcoholic fermentation. "	( 'Melatonin isomer' in wine is not an isomer of the melatonin but tryptophan-ethylester. De Noni, I; Gardana, C; Iriti, M; Simonetti, P; Stuknytė, M, 2014)	2.76
"Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule, present in a wide range of organisms, and involved in multiple functions. "	( Melatonin in sperm biology: breaking paradigms. Casao, A; Cebrián-Pérez, JA; dos Santos Hamilton, TR; González-Arto, M; Muiño-Blanco, T; Pérez-Pé, R, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin is a well-known agent that plays multiple roles in animals. "	( Melatonin enhances plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance in soybean plants. Chen, SY; Chu, YN; Li, QT; Lin, Q; Ma, B; Reiter, RJ; Wei, W; Yu, XM; Zhang, JS; Zhang, WK; Zhu, DH, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin is a neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland, which has several important physiological functions."	( Neuroprotective and antidepressant-like effects of melatonin in a rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease model in rats. Andreatini, R; Barbiero, JK; Bassani, TB; Boschen, SL; da Cunha, C; Gradowski, RW; Lima, MM; Santiago, RM; Vital, MA; Zaminelli, T, 2014)	1.38
"Melatonin is a highly pleiotropic regulator molecule, which influences numerous functions in almost every organ and, thus, up- or down-regulates many genes, frequently in a circadian manner. "	( Melatonin, noncoding RNAs, messenger RNA stability and epigenetics--evidence, hints, gaps and perspectives. Hardeland, R, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin is an endogenously produced indoleamine and secreted by the pineal gland. "	( Transcriptional regulation of programmed hypertension by melatonin: an epigenetic perspective. Chan, JY; Huang, LT; Tain, YL, 2014)	2.09
"Melatonin (MLT) is an endogenous indole compound with numerous biological activities that has been associated with atherosclerosis (AS). "	( Melatonin alleviates myosin light chain kinase expression and activity via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway during atherosclerosis in rabbits. Cheng, X; Wan, Y; Wang, Y; Xu, Y; Zhou, Q; Zhu, H, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin, which is a very effective reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, acts through a direct reaction with free radicals. "	( Reduction in traumatic brain injury-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and calcium entry in rat hippocampus by melatonin: Possible involvement of TRPM2 channels. Nazıroğlu, M; Şenol, N; Yürüker, V, 2015)	2.07
"  Melatonin is a safe and an effective drug in sedation induction for EEG in children."	( Melatonin and intravenous midazolam administered orally in drug induced sleep electroencephalography of children: randomized clinical trial of efficacy. Akhavan Karbasi, S; Behdad, S; Fallah, R; Yadegari, Y, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant which has an essential role in controlling several physiological reactions, as well as biological rhythms throughout human reproductive life."	( Melatonin: a "Higgs boson" in human reproduction. Dikic, S; Dobrosavljevic, A; Dragojevic Dikic, S; Jovanovic, AM; Jovanovic, T; Jurisic, A, 2015)	2.58
"As melatonin is a very effective antioxidant, we postulated opening of H(+)/OH(-) channels by reactive oxygen species (ROS)."	( Salinity-induced noise in membrane potential of Characeae Chara australis: effect of exogenous melatonin. Al Khazaaly, S; Beilby, MJ; Bisson, MA, 2015)	1.15
"Melatonin acts as a pleiotropic agent in various age-related neurodegenerative diseases. "	( Melatonin attenuates D-galactose-induced memory impairment, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via RAGE/NF-K B/JNK signaling pathway in aging mouse model. Ali, T; Badshah, H; Kim, MO; Kim, TH, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin is a promising pharmacological agent for preventing the potential neurotoxicity of BPA following occupational or environmental exposures."	( Melatonin ameliorates oxidative stress, modulates death receptor pathway proteins, and protects the rat cerebrum against bisphenol-A-induced apoptosis. Al-Abdan, MA; El-Missiry, MA; El-Sayed, AA; Othman, AI, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin is an indolamine that functions in the regulation of chronobiological rhythms to exert cytotoxic effects."	( Melatonin overcomes resistance to clofarabine in two leukemic cell lines by increased expression of deoxycytidine kinase. Asano, T; Narazaki, H; Yamanishi, M, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin (MT) is a hormone that is principally synthesized in the pineal gland."	( Melatonin attenuates intestinal ischemia--reperfusion-induced lung injury in rats by upregulating N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2. Du, HY; Jiang, T; Ni, YF; Wang, WC; Yang, B; Zhang, H; Zhang, L; Zhang, WD, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin is a neurohormone involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms, with potent antioxidant activity. "	( Therapeutic uses of melatonin and melatonin derivatives: a patent review (2012 - 2014). Bedini, A; Pala, D; Rivara, S; Spadoni, G, 2015)	2.18
"Melatonin is an effector of the diurnal clock on pancreatic islets. "	( Melatonin influences somatostatin secretion from human pancreatic δ-cells via MT1 and MT2 receptors. Mühlbauer, E; Peschke, E; Zibolka, J, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin is a hormone that has been shown to have protective effects in several diseases that are associated with cholesterol dysregulation, including cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and certain types of cancers. "	( The organization of melatonin in lipid membranes. Cheung, B; Dies, H; Rheinstädter, MC; Tang, J, 2015)	2.18
"Melatonin is a derivative of the amino acid tryptophan and reportedly easily crosses biological membranes due to its amphipathic nature."	( Melatonin uptake through glucose transporters: a new target for melatonin inhibition of cancer. González-Menéndez, P; Hevia, D; Mayo, JC; Miar, A; Quiros-González, I; Reiter, RJ; Rodríguez-García, A; Sainz, RM; Tan, DX, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin is a sleep-related neurohormone, also known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the gastrointestinal tract; however, the effects of melatonin on colitis have been poorly characterized."	( Melatonin improves experimental colitis with sleep deprivation. Baik, HW; Chung, SH; Kim, DS; Kim, JB; Kim, JH; Kim, TK; Lee, SK; Park, YS, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland during the night in response to light/dark information received by the retina and its integration by the suprachiasmatic nucleus. "	( Potential safety issues in the use of the hormone melatonin in paediatrics. Kennaway, DJ, 2015)	2.11
"That melatonin is an antioxidant that ameliorates oxidative stress in experimental animals as well as in humans is well established."	( Mechanisms of isoproterenol-induced cardiac mitochondrial damage: protective actions of melatonin. Bandyopadhyay, D; Dutta, M; Ghosh, AK; Mallick, S; Mitra, E; Mukherjee, D; Reiter, RJ; Saha, B, 2015)	1.09
"Melatonin (mel) acts as an anti-inflammatory factor and has been reported to modulate TLRs in some aggressive tumor cell types."	( Melatonin attenuates the TLR4-mediated inflammatory response through MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signaling pathways in an in vivo model of ovarian cancer. Chuffa, LG; Delazari Dos Santos, L; Domeniconi, RF; Fávaro, WJ; Ferreira Seiva, FR; Fioruci-Fontanelli, BA; Martinez, FE; Martinez, M; Mendes, LO; Pinheiro, PF, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin is an indoleamine produced by the pineal gland and secreted in a circadian manner. "	( Role of melatonin in embryo fetal development. Voiculescu, SE; Zagrean, AM; Zahiu, CD; Zygouropoulos, N, )	2.01
"Melatonin is a key endogenous hypotensive factor."	( [Melatonin and arterial hypertension: from understanding pathogenesis to therapeutic modalities]. Pal'man, AD; Rapoport, SI, 2014)	2.03
"Melatonin is a regulator of seasonal reproduction in photoperiodic species and highly effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger."	( Sustained delivery of exogenous melatonin influences biomarkers of oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in summer-stressed anestrous water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Das, GK; Kumar, A; Mahla, AS; Mehrotra, S; Narayanan, K; Singh, G; Singh, M; Soni, YK; Srivastava, N; Verma, MR, 2015)	1.42
"Melatonin is an essential hormone, which regulates circadian rhythms and has antioxidative and anticarcinogenic effects. "	( Impact of maternal melatonin suppression on forced swim and tail suspension behavioral despair tests in adult offspring. Rosca, AE; Voiculescu, SE; Zagrean, AM; Zagrean, L; Zeca, V, )	1.9
"Melatonin is a methoxyindole synthesized and secreted principally by the pineal gland at night under normal light/dark conditions. "	( Melatonin: Physiological effects in humans. Claustrat, B; Leston, J, )	3.02
"Melatonin is an endogenously-produced molecule in all plant species that have been investigated."	( Phytomelatonin: assisting plants to survive and thrive. Cruz, MH; Fuentes-Broto, L; Galano, A; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX; Zhou, Z, 2015)	1.65
"Melatonin is a neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland whose concentrations in the body are regulated by both the dark-light and seasonal cycles. "	( Melatonin and male reproduction. Li, C; Zhou, X, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin is a neurohormone mainly produced in the pineal gland; nevertheless, various ocular structures such as the ciliary body, lens and the retina produce it. "	( TRPV4 activation triggers the release of melatonin from human non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells. Alkozi, HA; Pintor, J, 2015)	2.13
"Melatonin is a very powerful endogenous antioxidant that can also be exogenously taken safely."	( Melatonin and male reproductive health: relevance of darkness and antioxidant properties. Alves, MG; Martins, AD; Oliveira, PF; Rato, L; Rocha, CS, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin is known to be a strong antioxidant and has a free radical scavenging ability."	( Protective effects of melatonin against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced cardiac injury in rats. Ceker, G; Ciftci, O; Parlakpinar, H; Sagir, M; Sarihan, ME; Yilmaz, F; Yilmaz, O, 2015)	1.45
"Melatonin is an endogenous synchronizer of biological rhythms and a modulator of physiological functions and behaviors of all mammals. "	( Activation of Melatonin Receptors Reduces Relapse-Like Alcohol Consumption. Noori, HR; Spanagel, R; Vengeliene, V, 2015)	2.22
"Melatonin is a small indole produced by the pineal gland and other tissues, and has numerous functions that aid in the maintenance of the whole body homeostasis, ranging from the regulation of circadian rhythms and sleep to protection from oxidative stress. "	( Melatonin decreases cell proliferation, impairs myogenic differentiation and triggers apoptotic cell death in rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. Battistelli, M; Burattini, S; Codenotti, S; Colombi, M; Faggi, F; Falcieri, E; Fanzani, A; Monti, E; Rezzani, R; Salucci, S, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin is a regulator of haemopoiesis and modifies various cells and cytokines of the immune system."	( [The influence of melatonin on the immune system and cancer]. Claësson, MH; Vinther, AG, 2015)	1.47
"Melatonin is a neurohormone secreted mainly by the pineal gland that controls circadian rhythm, which is primarily regulated by light. "	( Melatonin in aging women. Caglar, GS; Gursoy, AY; Kiseli, M, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland and is involved in the regulation of human sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythms. "	( [Melatonin receptor agonist]. Uchiyama, M, 2015)	2.77
"Melatonin is a neurohormone whose levels are significantly reduced or absent in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. "	( Subthreshold Concentrations of Melatonin and Galantamine Improves Pathological AD-Hallmarks in Hippocampal Organotypic Cultures. Buendia, I; Egea, J; León, R; López, MG; Navarro, E; Negredo, P; Parada, E, 2016)	2.16
"Melatonin is an endogenously-produced indoleamine that modulates numerous functions, including mitochondria-related functions; this result from its capacity to penetrate all morphophysiological barriers and to enter all subcellular compartments due to its amphiphilic nature."	( Protective Effects of Melatonin and Mitochondria-targeted Antioxidants Against Oxidative Stress: A Review. Esteban, S; Miralles, A; Ramis, MR; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2015)	1.45
"Melatonin is a pineal gland secreted neurohormone that induces circadian-related and sleep-related responses."	( Melatonin and Melatonin Agonists as Adjunctive Treatments in Bipolar Disorders. Bellivier, F; Etain, B; Franchi, JA; Geoffroy, PA; Ritter, P, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin is a pineal secretory product involved in numerous actions, such as regulation of internal biological clocks and energy metabolism, and it functions as an antioxidant and as an anti-inflammatory agent."	( Inter-relationships of the chronobiotic, melatonin, with leptin and adiponectin: implications for obesity. Reiter, RJ; Szewczyk-Golec, K; Woźniak, A, 2015)	1.4
"Melatonin is an indoleamine synthesized in the pineal gland that shows a wide range of physiological and pharmacological functions, including anticancer effects. "	( HDAC1 inhibition by melatonin leads to suppression of lung adenocarcinoma cells via induction of oxidative stress and activation of apoptotic pathways. Di, S; Fan, C; Jiang, S; Li, T; Li, W; Li, X; Ma, Z; Pan, Y; Reiter, RJ; Yan, X; Yang, Y; Zhang, Z, 2015)	2.18
"Melatonin is a potential candidate for additive therapy in cancer, neurodegenerative, and mental disorders requiring administration during the activity phase. "	( Effects of acute administration of melatonin on attentional, executive, and working memory processes in rats. Amenouche, F; Bocca, ML; Boulouard, M; Freret, T; Lelong-Boulouard, V; Liet, C; Mauvieux, B, 2015)	2.14
"Melatonin is a remarkable molecule with diverse biological and physiological actions and is involved in the regulation of various important functions such as circadian rhythm, energy metabolism, the reproductive system, the cardiovascular system, and the neuropsychiatric system."	( Melatonin: a potential intervention for hepatic steatosis. Huang, FF; Qu, S; Sun, H, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant and is cardioprotective against ischemia-reperfusion injury and hypertension."	( Melatonin as a preventive and curative therapy against pulmonary hypertension. Blackhurst, D; Blauwet, L; Butrous, G; Davies, N; Lecour, S; Maarman, G; Sliwa, K; Thienemann, F, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule which plays an important role in animal reproductive activities. "	( Melatonin protects porcine oocyte in vitro maturation from heat stress. He, C; Li, Y; Liu, G; Ma, T; Tao, J; Xu, Z; Zhang, Z; Zhu, K, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin is a strong antioxidant that has beneficial effects against SAH in rats, including reduced mortality and reduced neurological deficits."	( Melatonin attenuates neurogenic pulmonary edema via the regulation of inflammation and apoptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Cao, S; Chen, G; Chen, J; Duan, H; Gu, C; Li, J; Qian, C; Wang, L; Yan, F; Yu, X, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin is a multifunctional molecule and plays a crucial role in the regulation of circadian rhythms. "	( Melatonin Attenuates Memory Impairment, Amyloid-β Accumulation, and Neurodegeneration in a Rat Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Kiseleva, E; Kolosova, NG; Maksimova, KY; Muraleva, NA; Rudnitskaya, EA; Stefanova, NA, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin is an endogenous hormone secreted mainly by the pineal gland."	( Melatonin treatment during the incubation of sensitization attenuates methamphetamine-induced locomotor sensitization and MeCP2 expression. Li, G; Liu, Z; Sun, J; Wu, J; Zhang, J; Zhu, D, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin is a highly potent free radical scavenger that protects against ischemic stroke."	( Effects of normobaric oxygen and melatonin on reperfusion injury: role of cerebral microcirculation. Beker, MC; Caglayan, AB; Caglayan, B; Hermann, DM; Kelestemur, T; Kilic, E; Kilic, U; Yalcin, E; Yulug, B, 2015)	1.42
"Melatonin is a hormone with strong antioxidant properties. "	( Melatonin Regulates Oxidative Stress Initiated by Freund's Complete Adjuvant. Adam, V; Fusek, J; Kizek, R; Pohanka, M; Ruttkay-Nedecký, B, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin is a lipophilic tryptophan indole amine and a potent antioxidant."	( The Effects of Melatonin on Oxidative Stress Parameters and DNA Fragmentation in Testicular Tissue of Rats Exposed to Microwave Radiation. Binic, I; Despotovic, M; Djordjevic, B; Jankovic, R; Kocic, G; Milisavljevic, D; Ristic, G; Sokolovic, D; Sokolovic, DM; Stanojkovic, Z; Stoimenov, TJ; Veljkovic, A, )	1.21
"Melatonin is a free radical scavenger and broad-spectrum antioxidant with immunomodulatory effects. "	( Melatonin prevents lung injury induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion through anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effects. An, H; Jiang, C; Yang, B; Zhang, H; Zhao, D; Zhou, L, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin is a tryptophan-derived molecule with pleiotropic activities. "	( Melatonin as a Potent and Inducible Endogenous Antioxidant: Synthesis and Metabolism. Esteban-Zubero, E; Manchester, LC; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX; Zhou, Z, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin is an important secondary messenger in plant innate immunity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringe pv. "	( Comparative metabolomic analysis highlights the involvement of sugars and glycerol in melatonin-mediated innate immunity against bacterial pathogen in Arabidopsis. Qian, Y; Reiter, RJ; Shi, H; Tan, DX, 2015)	2.08
"Melatonin is a reasonable ergogenic aid, particularly during the wakefulness period, and the exercise tolerance is dependent on the time of day for swimming rats."	( Melatonin is an Ergogenic Aid for Exhaustive Aerobic Exercise only during the Wakefulness Period. Beck, WR; Gobatto, CA; Scariot, PP, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin is an endogenously produced molecule in all plant species that is known to exert antitumor activity, but to date, its underlying mechanisms and antiperitoneal metastasis efficacy is not well defined."	( Melatonin set out to ER stress signaling thwarts epithelial mesenchymal transition and peritoneal dissemination via calpain-mediated C/EBPβ and NFκB cleavage. Chen, YC; Chiu, CS; Jan, YJ; Keh-Bin, W; Lai, DW; Lai, YL; Lin, WY; Pan, HC; Shen, CC; Sheu, ML; Tang, SC; Tien, HR; Tsai, TC; Wu, SM, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin (Mel) is an indoleamine displaying several anti-cancer properties and has been reported to modulate apoptosis signaling in multiple tumor subtypes."	( Apoptosis is triggered by melatonin in an in vivo model of ovarian carcinoma. Alves, MS; Camargo, IC; Chuffa, LG; Domeniconi, RF; Júnior, LA; Martinez, FE; Martinez, M; Pinheiro, PF, 2016)	1.46
"Melatonin is supposed to be an effective hepatoprotective agent. "	( Melatonin Upregulates the Activity of AMPK and Attenuates Lipid Accumulation in Alcohol-induced Rats. Chen, H; Jang, L; Li, Z; Rui, BB; Wei, W; Xu, WP; Yang, JM, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin is an indoleamine with multiple functions in both plant and animal species. "	( Melatonin in the thyroid gland: regulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone and role in thyroglobulin gene expression. Carrillo-Vico, A; Fernandez-Santos, JM; Garcia-Marin, R; Gordillo-Martinez, F; Guerrero, JM; Martin-Lacave, I; Morillo-Bernal, J; Utrilla, JC; Vazquez-Roman, V, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin is an important neuroprotective factor and its receptors are expressed in the fetal brain. "	( Melatonin in Pregnancy: Effects on Brain Development and CNS Programming Disorders. Assunção Salustiano, EM; Sagrillo-Fagundes, L; Soliman, A; Vaillancourt, C; Yen, PW, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin is a natural mammalian hormone that plays an important role in regulating the circadian cycle in humans. "	( Glucose-based microbial production of the hormone melatonin in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Baallal Jacobsen, SA; Borodina, I; Chen, X; Forster, J; Germann, SM; Harrison, SJ; Jensen, NB; Luo, H; Maury, J; Schneider, K; Stahlhut, SG; Zhu, J, 2016)	2.13
"Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule found in a wide range of fluids, one of them being ram seminal plasma, in which it can reach higher concentrations than those found in blood, suggesting an extrapineal secretion by the reproductive tract. "	( Evidence of melatonin synthesis in the ram reproductive tract. Abecia, JA; Aguilar, D; Casao, A; Cebrián-Pérez, JA; Gallego, M; Gaspar-Torrubia, E; Gonzalez-Arto, M; Hamilton, TR; Muiño-Blanco, T; Pérez-Pé, R; Serrano-Blesa, E, 2016)	2.26
"Melatonin is a hormone regulating the circadian rhythm, and has multiple functions such as anti-oxidant and anti-adrenergic effects and enhancement of NO bioavailability."	( Impaired endogenous nighttime melatonin secretion relates to intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activation and renal damage in patients with chronic kidney disease. Ishigaki, S; Isobe, S; Iwakura, T; Kato, A; Miyajima, H; Ohashi, N; Ono, M; Sakao, Y; Tsuji, N; Tsuji, T; Yasuda, H, 2016)	1.44
"Melatonin (MLT) is a well-known free-radical scavenger, involving in the prevention of cellular damage that can lead to cancer, ageing and a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. "	( Novel indole-based melatonin analogues substituted with triazole, thiadiazole and carbothioamides: studies on their antioxidant, chemopreventive and cytotoxic activities. Gurer-Orhan, H; Ince, E; Shirinzadeh, H; Suzen, S; Westwell, AD, 2016)	2.21
"Melatonin is a molecule endogenously produced in a wide variety of immune cells, including mast cells (RBL-2H3). "	( Possible Involvement of the Inhibition of NF-κB Factor in Anti-Inflammatory Actions That Melatonin Exerts on Mast Cells. Calvo, JR; García-Moreno, H; González-Yanes, C; Maldonado, MD, 2016)	2.1
"Melatonin is a hormone mainly involved in the regulation of circadian and seasonal rhythms in both invertebrates and vertebrates. "	( Determination of melatonin in Acyrthosiphon pisum aphids by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Barberà, M; Escrivá, L; Manyes, L; Martínez-Torres, D; Meca, G, 2016)	2.22
"Melatonin is a powerful endogenous antioxidant produced by the pineal gland and a variety of other organs and many studies confirm its benefits against oxidative stress including lipid peroxidation, protein mutilation and molecular degeneration in various organs, including the liver."	( Melatonin's role in preventing toxin-related and sepsis-mediated hepatic damage: A review. Alatorre-Jiménez, MA; Almeida-Souza, P; Cantín-Golet, A; Esteban-Zubero, E; García, JJ; López-Pingarrón, L; Reiter, RJ; Reyes-Gonzales, MC; Ruiz-Ruiz, FJ; Tan, DX, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin is a powerful endogenousantioxidant, and the objective of this study was to explore the therapeutic role of melatonin in the treatment of 1-BP intoxication."	( Identify Melatonin as a Novel Therapeutic Reagent in the Treatment of 1-Bromopropane(1-BP) Intoxication. Jiang, L; Li, M; Wang, H; Wang, S; Wang, X; Xie, K; Xu, Y; Yang, Y; Zhao, X, 2016)	1.57
"Melatonin is an endogenous antioxidant hormone, which reduces with ageing and the low levels are associated with some chronic diseases. "	( Intake of bean sprouts influences melatonin and antioxidant capacity biomarker levels in rats. Aguilera, Y; Arribas, SM; Cayuelas, LT; de Pablo, ÁL; Herrera, T; Martin-Cabrejas, MA; Rebollo-Hernanz, M; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, P, 2016)	2.16
"Melatonin is a chronobiotic treatment which also alleviates rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD). "	( Loss of REM sleep features across nighttime in REM sleep behavior disorder. Arnaldi, D; Arnulf, I; Latimier, A; Leu-Semenescu, S; Vidailhet, M, 2016)	1.88
"Melatonin is a well-known anti-inflammatory molecule, which has proven to be effective in ALI induced by many conditions."	( Melatonin alleviates acute lung injury through inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Gao, GF; Grailer, JJ; Li, X; Tan, DX; Wang, M; Wang, N; Ward, PA; Yao, J; Zhang, Y; Zhong, R, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin is a neurohormone that is produced not only by the pineal gland but also by several ocular structures. "	( Effect of Melatonin and 5-Methoxycarbonylamino-N-Acetyltryptamine on the Intraocular Pressure of Normal and Glaucomatous Mice. Fonseca, B; Martínez-Águila, A; Pérez de Lara, MJ; Pintor, J, 2016)	2.28
"Melatonin is a well-known bioactive molecule produced in animals and plants and a well-studied natural compound. "	( Melatonin production in Escherichia coli by dual expression of serotonin N-acetyltransferase and caffeic acid O-methyltransferase. Back, K; Byeon, Y, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin is an antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. "	( Melatonin for women in pregnancy for neuroprotection of the fetus. Shepherd, E; Wallace, EM; Wilkinson, D, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin is a powerful endogenous antioxidant produced by the pineal gland and a variety of other because of its efficacy in organs; melatonin has been investigated to improve the outcome of organ transplantation by reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury and due to its synergic effect with organ preservation fluids."	( Melatonin role preventing steatohepatitis and improving liver transplantation results. Alatorre-Jiménez, MA; Esteban-Zubero, E; García, JJ; García-Gil, FA; López-Pingarrón, L; Ramírez, JM; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin has proven to be a potentially useful therapeutic tool in the reduction of graft rejection."	( Potential benefits of melatonin in organ transplantation: a review. Alatorre-Jiménez, MA; Esteban-Zubero, E; García, JJ; García-Gil, FA; Iñigo-Gil, P; López-Pingarrón, L; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2016)	1.47
"Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone synthesized primarily by the pineal gland. "	( Effects of melatonin on cardiovascular diseases: progress in the past year. Gusdon, AM; Qu, S; Sun, H, 2016)	2.27
"Melatonin is a hormone that has been shown to have beneficial antioxidant and bone-metabolic effects."	( Melatonin as a pro-osteogenic agent in oral implantology: a systematic review of histomorphometric outcomes in animals and quality evaluation using ARRIVE guidelines. Arora, H; Ivanovski, S, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin is a phylogenetically ancient molecule. "	( On the significance of an alternate pathway of melatonin synthesis via 5-methoxytryptamine: comparisons across species. Alatorre-Jimenez, MA; Back, K; Hardeland, R; Manchester, LC; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2016)	2.13
"Melatonin functions as a crucial mediator of sterile neuroinflammation; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. "	( Melatonin attenuates traumatic brain injury-induced inflammation: a possible role for mitophagy. Chao, H; Hou, L; Ji, J; Li, Z; Lin, C; Liu, N; Liu, Y; Xu, X, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin is an ubiquitous molecule with a variety of functions including potent antioxidative properties. "	( Melatonin enhances mitochondrial ATP synthesis, reduces reactive oxygen species formation, and mediates translocation of the nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 resulting in activation of phase-2 antioxidant enzymes (γ-GCS, HO-1, NQO1) in ultraviolet rad Fischer, TW; Kleszczyński, K; Zillikens, D, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin is an indole analog hormone, which is generally produced by the pineal gland."	( The Importance of Melatonin and Mitochondria Interaction in Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia: A Current Assessment. Demirci, K; Espino, J; Uguz, AC, 2016)	1.49
"Melatonin is an endogenous hormone that exhibits a variety of biological effects including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions."	( Protective Effects of Melatonin on Retinal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy. Cai, J; Chang, Q; Fan, J; Jiang, T; Xu, G; Zhang, X, 2016)	1.47
"Melatonin is a neurohormone and has high potent of antioxidant that is widely reported to be active against methamphetamine (METH)-induced toxicity to neuron, glial cells, and brain endothelial cells. "	( Melatonin promotes blood-brain barrier integrity in methamphetamine-induced inflammation in primary rat brain microvascular endothelial cells. Govitrapong, P; Jumnongprakhon, P; Tocharus, C; Tocharus, J, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin is a hormone that is mainly secreted by the pineal gland and exhibits a wide spectrum of activities, including antioxidant functions. "	( Melatonin Inhibits CXCL10 and MMP-1 Production in IL-1β-Stimulated Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. Hosokawa, I; Hosokawa, Y; Matsuo, T; Ozaki, K; Shindo, S, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin is an indolamine produced by the pineal gland and it can exert a potent antioxidant effect. "	( Melatonin influence in ovary transplantation: systematic review. Baracat, EC; Botelho, NM; Damous, LL; Shiroma, ME; Soares, JM, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin is an endogenous antioxidant compound that exerts protective effects against several neurodegenerative conditions, including METH-induced neurotoxicity, via various mechanisms."	( Melatonin Protects SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cells Against Methamphetamine-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptotic Cell Death. Govitrapong, P; Wongprayoon, P, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone that presents a wide range of physiological functions including regulating circadian rhythms and sleep, enhancing immune function, sleep improvement, and antioxidant effects. "	( Melatonin Alters the Mechanical and Thermal Hyperalgesia Induced by Orofacial Pain Model in Rats. Adachi, LN; Caumo, W; Cioato, SG; de Freitas, JS; de Macedo, IC; de Oliveira, C; de Souza, A; Medeiros, LF; Quevedo, A; Scarabelot, VL; Torres, IL, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin is a secretory product of the pineal gland with highly beneficial effects from any tissues including the heart."	( Melatonin is associated with reverse remodeling after cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure and ventricular dyssynchrony. Abreu-Gonzalez, P; Dominguez-Rodriguez, A; Galasso, G; Piccolo, R; Reiter, RJ, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted from the pineal gland and is a potent antioxidant."	( Evaluation of Oxidant-Antioxidant Balance in Children with Atopic Dermatitis: A Case-Control Study. Abas, Bİ; Avcil, S; Uysal, P; Yenisey, Ç, 2016)	1.16
"Melatonin is a hormone that is critical for normal circadian and seasonal rhythmicity in a wide range of different animals. "	( Melatonin increases the regularity of cardiac rhythmicity in the Drosophila heart in both wild-type and strains bearing pathogenic mutations. Dowse, HB; Powers, E; VanKirk, T, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin is a ubiquitous and multipurpose molecule, and one of its roles is to regulate reproduction in some seasonal mammals. "	( Melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 are expressed in spermatozoa from several seasonal and nonseasonal breeder species. Casao, A; Cebrián-Pérez, JA; Fernández-Alegre, E; González-Arto, M; Martínez-Pastor, F; Miró, J; Muiño-Blanco, T; Pérez-Pé, R; Rigau, T; Roca, J; Rodríguez-Gil, JE; Vicente-Carrillo, A, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin is an endogenous indoleamine with a wide range of biological functions. "	( Melatonin enhances hyperthermia-induced apoptotic cell death in human leukemia cells. Cabrera, J; Estévez, F; Loro, JF; Perdomo, J; Quintana, C; Quintana, J; Reiter, RJ, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that provides physiological protection against diverse environmental stresses in plants. "	( Melatonin enhances thermotolerance by promoting cellular protein protection in tomato plants. Ahammed, GJ; Cai, SY; Reiter, RJ; Shi, K; Wang, Y; Xia, XJ; Xu, W; Yu, JQ; Zhang, Y; Zhou, J; Zhou, YH, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin is an indoleamine with potent multifunctional biological and pharmacological effects, both receptor dependent and receptor-independent effects, including antioxidant, anticancer, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-diabetic, antiviral, neuroprotective activities. "	( Melatonin and Respiratory Diseases: A Review. Daglia, M; Gulhan, MF; Habtemariam, S; Nabavi, SM; Selamoglu, Z; Sureda, A, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin is a hormone with complex roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. "	( Anti-inflammatory effects of melatonin in multiple sclerosis. Calandri, IL; Correale, J; Farez, MF; Quintana, FJ, 2016)	2.17
"Melatonin is a human hormone, synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland, with a range of biological functions."	( Inhibition of melatonin metabolism in humans induced by chemical components from herbs and effective prediction of this risk using a computational model. Deng, S; Dong, P; Huang, S; Huo, X; Luan, Z; Ma, X; Tian, X; Wang, C; Wang, X; Xu, M; Zhang, B, 2016)	1.52
"Melatonin is a hormone that mostly produced from the pineal gland, and it performs as a strong neuroprotectant to both neuron and glial cells against methamphetamine (METH)-induced neurotoxicity. "	( Inhibitory effect of melatonin on cerebral endothelial cells dysfunction induced by methamphetamine via NADPH oxidase-2. Govitrapong, P; Jumnongprakhon, P; Tocharus, C; Tocharus, J, 2016)	2.2
"Melatonin is a drug widely used, particularly for electroencephalogram in children. "	( Efficiency of Melatonin as Compared to Pentobarbital for Audiometry Brainstem Response in Children With Associated Disorders. Garabedian, EN; Guerlain, J; Loundon, N; Parodi, M; Paul, A; Rouillon, I, 2016)	2.24
"Melatonin is an animal hormone as well as a signaling molecule in plants. "	( Melatonin biosynthesis in plants: multiple pathways catalyze tryptophan to melatonin in the cytoplasm or chloroplasts. Back, K; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin is a neurohormone with multiple and different actions, such as chronobiotic or antioxidant. "	( Melatonin pharmacokinetics after transdermal administration changes according to the time of the day. Calpena, A; Cambras, T; Díez-Noguera, A; Flo, A, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin is a neurohormone involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms in humans. "	( Melatonin and derived l-tryptophan metabolites produced during alcoholic fermentation by different wine yeast strains. Álvarez-Fernández, MA; Fernández-Cruz, E; García-Parrilla, MC; Troncoso, AM; Valero, E, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin is a naturally occurring molecule secreted by the pineal gland and known as a gatekeeper of circadian clocks. "	( Cancer metastasis: Mechanisms of inhibition by melatonin. Chung, WH; Hsieh, MJ; Reiter, RJ; Su, SC; Yang, SF; Yang, WE, 2017)	2.15
"Melatonin is a widely known hormone in animals. "	( Comprehensive transcriptional and functional analyses of melatonin synthesis genes in cassava reveal their novel role in hypersensitive-like cell death. He, C; Hu, W; Li, X; Liu, W; Shi, H; Wang, Q; Wei, Y; Wu, C; Yan, Y; Zeng, H, 2016)	2.12
"Melatonin is a hormone that anticipates the daily onset of darkness in mammals, and it is well known that melatonin acts as an antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the body."	( Snapshot: implications for melatonin in endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Di, S; Fan, C; Hu, W; Jiang, S; Li, Y; Ma, Z; Wang, D; Yang, Y, 2016)	1.45
"Melatonin is a highly effective and ubiquitously acting antioxidant and free radical scavenger that is normally produced in all organisms."	( Melatonin as a Potential Agent in the Treatment of Sarcopenia. Boga, JA; Coto-Montes, A; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin is a conserved substance, which was discovered in the evolutionary distant organisms like bacteria, plants, invertebrates and vertebrates. "	( Melatonin restricts Pb-induced PCD by enhancing BI-1 expression in tobacco suspension cells. Kobylińska, A; Posmyk, MM, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin is a hormone synthesized in the pineal gland, which modulates several functions within the organism, including the synchronization of glucose metabolism and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). "	( Melatonin modifies basal and stimulated insulin secretion via NADPH oxidase. Carpinelli, AR; Cipolla-Neto, J; Cruzat, VF; Graciano, MF; Munhoz, AC; Peliciari-Garcia, RA; Riva, P; Simões, D; Taneda, M, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin acts as a free-radical scavenger, reducing reactive species and improving mitochondrial homeostasis."	( Melatoninergic System in Parkinson's Disease: From Neuroprotection to the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms. Fernandes, PA; Mack, JM; Markus, RP; Pértile, RA; Prediger, RD; Sampaio, TB; Schamne, MG, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin is an important neurohormone, which mediates circadian rhythms and the sleep cycle. "	( Melatonin Natural Health Products and Supplements: Presence of Serotonin and Significant Variability of Melatonin Content. Erland, LA; Saxena, PK, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant that resists oxidative stress due to its capacity to directly scavenge reactive species, to modulate the antioxidant defense system by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and to stimulate the innate immune response through its direct and indirect actions."	( Melatonin's role as a co-adjuvant treatment in colonic diseases: A review. Alatorre-Jiménez, MA; Antoñanzas-Lombarte, Á; Buisac-Ramón, C; Castán-Ruiz, S; Esteban-Zubero, E; García, JJ; López-Pingarrón, L; Ochoa-Moneo, P; Reiter, RJ; Rivas-Jiménez, M; Tan, DX, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin (MLT) is a neurohormone with significant involvement in several biological functions, of which antinociception and tonic immobility (TI) may be the key neurobehavioral components to survive in adverse conditions such as a predator attack. "	( Effect of melatonin injection into the periaqueductal gray on antinociception and tonic immobility in male rats. Carli, G; Miranda-Páez, A; Sandoval-Herrera, V; Vázquez-León, P; Villanueva-Becerril, I; Zamudio, SR, 2017)	2.3
"Melatonin is an amphiphilic molecule and can easily pass through all cellular compartments with the highest concentration recorded in mitochondria."	( A review of the protective role of melatonin during phosphine-induced cardiotoxicity: focus on mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Abdollahi, M; Asghari, MH; de Oliveira, MR; Nabavi, SM, 2017)	1.45
"Melatonin is an important secondary messenger that plays a central role in plant growth, as well as abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. "	( Improved cold tolerance in Elymus nutans by exogenous application of melatonin may involve ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways. Fu, J; Hu, T; Liu, Q; Miao, Y; Sun, H; Wang, J; Wu, Y; Xu, Y; Xue, Y; Zhao, E, 2017)	2.13
"Melatonin is a naturally occurring, safe and cheap hormone that can be administered to improve sleep."	( Prophylactic Melatonin for Delirium in Intensive Care (Pro-MEDIC): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Anstey, M; Choo, L; Ford, A; Hardie, M; Hensley, M; Hillman, D; Kelty, E; Martinez, FE; Murray, K; Palmer, R; Roberts, B; Singh, B; Wibrow, B, 2017)	1.55
"Melatonin is a popular dietary supplement and also considered as pharmaceutical product for sleep disorders. "	( Effects of Caffeic Acid and Quercetin on In Vitro Permeability, Metabolism and In Vivo Pharmacokinetics of Melatonin in Rats: Potential for Herb-Drug Interaction. Jana, S; Rastogi, H, 2017)	2.11
"Melatonin is an efficient antioxidant and antinitridergic, and has the ability to reduce prostaglandin and tumor necrosis factor levels both in the retina and optic nerve."	( Melatonin as a Therapeutic Resource for Inflammatory Visual Diseases. Aranda, ML; Dieguez, H; Dorfman, D; Fleitas, MFG; Iaquinandi, A; Rosenstein, RE; Sande, PH, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin is a ubiquitous chemical substance that regulates plant growth and responses to stress. "	( Local melatonin application induces cold tolerance in distant organs of Citrullus lanatus L. via long distance transport. Chang, J; Dong, Y; Li, H; Liu, Q; Ma, J; Wei, C; Yang, X; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zheng, J, 2017)	2.38
"Melatonin is a radical scavenger with the ability to remove reactive oxidant species. "	( Maternal administration of melatonin prevents spatial learning and memory deficits induced by developmental ethanol and lead co-exposure. Abrari, K; Goudarzi, I; Lashkarbolouki, T; Soleimani, E, 2017)	2.19
"Melatonin is a hormone predominantly synthesized and secreted during the night by the pineal gland. "	( Intense blue light therapy during the night-time does not suppress the rhythmic melatonin biosynthesis in a young boy. Kosnacova, J; Stebelova, K; Zeman, M, 2017)	2.12
"Melatonin is a hormone involved in the entrainment of circadian rhythms, which appears dysregulated in drug users. "	( Melatonin reduces motivation for cocaine self-administration and prevents relapse-like behavior in rats. Spanagel, R; Takahashi, TT; Vengeliene, V, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin is a pineal hormone that has a capacity to lower intraocular pressure; it exhibits neuroprotective and antioxidant properties that make it possible to use melatonin in the therapy of glaucoma. "	( [Novel agonists of melatonin receptors as promising hypotensive and neuroprotective agents for therapy of glaucoma]. Beznos, OV; Chesnokova, NB; Grigoryev, AV; Lozinskaya, NA; Volkova, MS; Zaryanova, EV; Zefirov, NA, 2017)	2.23
"Melatonin is an important hormone that plays a wide range of physiological functions, including the anti-aging effect, potentially via the regulation of the Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) pathway."	( Melatonin reverses H Govitrapong, P; Nopparat, C; Sinjanakhom, P, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin is a bulky molecule and binds to the entrance of the EPO haem pocket (regulatory sites)."	( Analysis of the mechanism by which melatonin inhibits human eosinophil peroxidase. Abdulhamid, I; Abu-Soud, HM; Galijasevic, S; Lu, T, 2008)	1.34
"Melatonin functions as an essential regulator of various physiological processes in all vertebrate species. "	( The role of proline residues in the structure and function of human MT2 melatonin receptor. Balik, A; Friedlova, E; Grycova, L; Mazna, P; Obsil, T; Obsilova, V; Teisinger, J; Zemkova, H, 2008)	2.02
"Melatonin (MEL) is a well-known antioxidant."	( The effects of melatonin on glutathione peroxidase activity in serum and erythrocytes after adriamycin in normal and pinealectomised rats. Dbrowska, K; Gromadzińska, J; Sewerynek, E; Stuss, M; Wasowicz, W, )	1.21
"Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant agent secreted by the pineal gland which has numerous physiological functions and seems to exert an important neuroprotective effect."	( Melatonin attenuates tyrosine hydroxylase loss and hypolocomotion in MPTP-lesioned rats. Capitelli, C; Lima, MM; Reksidler, AB; Sereniki, A; Tufik, S; Vital, MA, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin is an important regulator of the sleep-wake cycle. "	( Effects of prolonged-release melatonin, zolpidem, and their combination on psychomotor functions, memory recall, and driving skills in healthy middle aged and elderly volunteers. Demazières, A; Jacob, N; Nir, T; Otmani, S; Staner, C; Staner, L; Zisapel, N, 2008)	2.08
"Melatonin is a free radical scavenger and a broad-spectrum antioxidant and has well-documented immunomodulatory effects. "	( Effects of melatonin in an experimental model of ventilator-induced lung injury. Albaiceta, GM; Astudillo, A; Diaz, E; García-Prieto, E; Parra, D; Pedreira, PR; Taboada, F, 2008)	2.18
"Melatonin is an effective premedication before IVRA since it reduced patient anxiety, decreased tourniquet-related pain, and improved perioperative analgesia."	( Melatonin improves tourniquet tolerance and enhances postoperative analgesia in patients receiving intravenous regional anesthesia. Ismail, SA; Mowafi, HA, 2008)	3.23
"Melatonin (MT) is an ubiquitous molecule, representing one of the phylogenetically oldest signaling mechanisms. "	( Tryptophan free diet delays healing of chronic gastric ulcers in rat. Brzozowski, T; Burnat, G; Konturek, PC; Konturek, SJ; Zopf, Y, 2008)	1.79
"Melatonin is a phylogenetically well-preserved molecule with diverse physiological functions. "	( Therapeutic actions of melatonin in cancer: possible mechanisms. Cardinali, DP; Pandi-Perumal, SR; Spence, DW; Srinivasan, V; Trakht, I, 2008)	2.1
"Melatonin is a multifunctional indolamine which counteracts several pathophysiologic steps and displays significant beneficial effects against hyperglycemia-induced cellular toxicity."	( Hyperglycemia-related pathophysiologic mechanisms and potential beneficial actions of melatonin. Korkmaz, A; Oter, S; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX; Topal, T, 2008)	1.29
"Melatonin (MLT) is a hormone produced in the brain by the pineal gland, from the amino acid tryptophan. "	( Melatonin analogue new indole hydrazide/hydrazone derivatives with antioxidant behavior: synthesis and structure-activity relationships. Coban, T; Gürkök, G; Suzen, S, 2009)	3.24
"1. Melatonin (MT) is a pineal hormone that is also abundant in the gut and has a well known role in scavenging oxygen free radicals. "	( Melatonin protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced gastric injury in rats. Abdel-Naim, AB; Alahdal, AM; Ashour, OM; El-Sherbeny, NA; Mohamadin, AM; Morsy, GM, 2009)	2.42
"Melatonin is a multifunctional indolamine which counteracts virtually all pathophysiologic steps and displays significant beneficial effects against ONOO--induced cellular toxicity."	( The use of melatonin to combat mustard toxicity. REVIEW. Korkmaz, A; Kunak, ZI; Paredes, SD; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX; Yaren, H, 2008)	1.46
"Melatonin is a multifunctional indolamine that counteracts virtually all pathophysiologic steps and displays significant beneficial actions against peroxynitrite-induced cellular toxicity."	( Melatonin: an established antioxidant worthy of use in clinical trials. Korkmaz, A; Manchester, LC; Oter, S; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX; Topal, T, )	2.3
"Melatonin (MT) is a neurohormone produced and secreted primarily by the pineal gland in a circadian manner, and mainly acts through 2 receptor subtypes: MT1 and MT2 in humans. "	( High-throughput screening assay for new ligands at human melatonin receptors. Boutin, JA; Renard, MP; Su, HR; Wang, MW; Yan, JH, 2008)	2.03
"Melatonin may prove to be a highly valuable addition to current therapeutic models for degenerative cartilage repair."	( Melatonin enhances cartilage matrix synthesis by porcine articular chondrocytes. He, F; Pei, M; Rawson, A; Wei, L, 2009)	2.52
"Melatonin is a powerful endogenous antioxidant."	( Melatonin pretreatment attenuates 2-bromopropane-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Huang, F; Huang, Y; Ichihara, G; Ning, H; Wang, H; Xin, QQ; Xu, DX; Ye, DQ; Zhang, ZH, 2009)	2.52
"Melatonin is an efficient free-radical scavenger and induces the expression of antioxidant enzymes."	( Prevention of ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiac apoptosis and injury by melatonin is independent of glutathione peroxdiase 1. Chen, Z; Chua, BH; Chua, CC; Chua, KW; Gao, J; Hamdy, RC; Ho, YS, 2009)	1.3
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant molecule with a capacity to protect tissues from damage caused by oxidative stress. "	( Melatonin delivery in solid lipid nanoparticles: prevention of cyclosporine A induced cardiac damage. Demartini, G; Fraschini, F; Gasco, MR; Musicanti, C; Reiter, RJ; Rezzani, R; Rodella, LF, 2009)	3.24
"Melatonin is a hormone synthesized principally in the pineal gland that has been classically associated with endocrine actions. "	( Melatonin: a hormone that modulates pain. Ambriz-Tututi, M; Cruz, SL; Granados-Soto, V; Rocha-González, HI, 2009)	3.24
"Melatonin is a molecule with antioxidative properties including direct free radical scavenging and indirect stimulatory actions on a variety of antioxidative enzymes which further promote its ability to reduce the toxicity of radicals and their associated reactants. "	( Melatonin present in beer contributes to increase the levels of melatonin and antioxidant capacity of the human serum. Calvo, JR; Maldonado, MD; Moreno, H, 2009)	3.24
"Melatonin is a hormone primarily synthesized by the pineal gland and has been shown to govern seasonal and circadian rhythms, as well as the immune system, certain behaviours, and responses to stress. "	( Antidepressant-like effects of melatonin in the mouse chronic mild stress model. Caumo, W; Detanico, BC; Elisabetsky, E; Freitas, JJ; Hidalgo, MP; Lhullier, FL; Piato, AL, 2009)	2.08
"Melatonin is a mammalian hormone that has a great variety of effects. "	( [Determination of melatonin receptors in human blood mononuclear cells: clinical and experimental rationale]. Gorchakova, MV; Rezvan, TA; Semenov, DIu; Shapkina, LG; Sokolov, AV; Stepnov, IA; Tonoian, AG; Vasil'ev, VB; Zyeva, EE, 2009)	2.13
"Melatonin is a highly effective chronobiotic in the treatment of chronobiological alterations of the sleep/wake cycle. "	( [Melatonin, synthetic analogs, and the sleep/wake rhythm]. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Escames, G, )	2.48
"Melatonin is a lipid- and water-soluble antioxidant and membrane stabilizer with antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective and gastroptotective properties, among others."	( Protective effect of melatonin against oxidative hepatic injury after experimental thermal trauma. Bekyarova, G; Hristova, M; Tancheva, S, )	1.17
"Melatonin is a potent scavenger of free radicals and an antioxidant. "	( Does the circadian rhythm of melatonin affect ischemia-reperfusion injury after coronary artery bypass grafting? Aka, SA; Bilgen, F; Deniz, H; Kurç, E; Sanioğlu, S; Sargin, M; Sokullu, O; Tartan, Z, 2009)	2.09
"Melatonin is a strong antioxidant that has low toxicity and easily passes through the BBB."	( Effects of melatonin in early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Ayer, RE; Sugawara, T; Zhang, JH, 2008)	1.46
"Melatonin is a commonly used drug with known antioxidant properties and neuroprotective effects in experimental animal studies (Chen et al., J Pineal Res 41:175-182, 2006; Chen et al., J Pineal Res 40(3):242-250, 2006; Cheung, J Pineal Res 34:153-160, 2003; Lee et al., J Pineal Res 42(3):297-309, 2007; Reiter et al., Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 230(2):104-117, 2005)."	( The antioxidant effects of melatonin in surgical brain injury in rats. Ayer, R; Hyong, A; Jadhav, V; Lee, S; Lekic, T; Martin, R; Rojas, H; Stier, G; Zhang, JH, 2008)	1.36
"Melatonin is a much conserved feature in vertebrates that plays a central role in the entrainment of daily and annual physiological rhythms. "	( Current knowledge on the melatonin system in teleost fish. Carrillo, M; Falcón, J; Migaud, H; Muñoz-Cueto, JA, 2010)	2.11
"Melatonin is a modified tryptophan with potent biological activity, exerted by stimulation of specific plasma membrane (MT1/MT2) receptors, by lower affinity intracellular enzymatic targets (quinone reductase, calmodulin), or through its strong anti-oxidant ability. "	( Rapid and transient stimulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species by melatonin in normal and tumor leukocytes. Ammendola, S; Aquilano, K; Bedini, A; Cerella, C; Ciriolo, M; De Nicola, M; Ghibelli, L; Paternoster, L; Radogna, F; Tarzia, G, 2009)	2.03
"Melatonin is a hormone with unique adaptive potential; its abnormal production and secretion rhythm trigger the mechanism of desynchronosis leading to organic pathology."	( [Melatonin and its role in gastrointestinal pathology]. Rakhimova, OIu, 2009)	1.98
"Melatonin is a hormone with indolaminic structure, produced in the pineal gland during darkness, with chronobiological activity that has been known for decades. "	( [Melatonina: old molecule, new medicament]. Fernández-Tresguerres Hernández, JA, 2008)	2.7
"Melatonin implants are an effective means of improving lamb production of Merino ewes, especially in harsh environments where low annual rainfall limits the availability of food. "	( Effects of annual rainfall and farm on lamb production after treatment with melatonin implants in Merino sheep: a 4-year study. Abecia, JA; Arrebola, FA; Forcada, F; Garcia, A; Martín, RA; Mesa, O, 2009)	2.03
"Melatonin also acts as a potent endogenous antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and upregulating antioxidant pathways."	( Melatonin improves placental efficiency and birth weight and increases the placental expression of antioxidant enzymes in undernourished pregnancy. Giussani, DA; Hansell, JA; Raut, S; Richter, HG, 2009)	2.52
"Melatonin is a potent scavenger of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species."	( Melatonin protects kidney grafts from ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibition of NF-kB and apoptosis after experimental kidney transplantation. Bruns, H; Büchler, MW; Gross, ML; Hoffmann, K; Li, Z; Mohr, E; Nickkholgh, A; Schemmer, P; Yi, X; Zorn, M, 2009)	2.52
"Melatonin is an evolutionarily conserved molecule that serves a time-keeping function in various species. "	( Physiology and pharmacology of melatonin in relation to biological rhythms. Arendt, J; Skene, DJ; Zawilska, JB, )	1.86
"Melatonin is a natural and very active antioxidant compound."	( [The effect of melatonin on oxidative DNA damage in gastric mucosa cells of patients with functional dyspepsia]. Błasiak, J; Chojnacki, J; Klupińska, G; Popławski, T; Smigielski, J, 2009)	1.43
"Melatonin is known to be a free radical scavenger and an antioxidant agent."	( Melatonin prevents cyclosporine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Atasever, A; Esrefoglu, M; Kurus, M; Sogutlu, G, 2009)	2.52
"Melatonin is a hormone synthesized from the neurotransmitter serotonin and is found mainly in the pineal gland. "	( A potential role for crystallization inhibitors in treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Costa-Bauzà, A; Grases, F; Prieto, RM, 2010)	1.8
"Melatonin is a widely distributed and important signal molecule that occurs in unicellular organisms, plants, and fungi in addition to animals and humans. "	( Chapter 16: Melatonin and nerve regeneration. Kaplan, S; Odaci, E, 2009)	2.17
"Melatonin is a neurohormone that has attracted a great deal of attention, being frequently investigated in recent years. "	( The role of melatonin in rheumatic diseases. Kalpakcioglu, B; Senel, K, 2009)	2.17
"Melatonin is an important antioxidant agent with a protective role in the prevention of oxidative stress. "	( Neuroprotective effect of melatonin on experimental peripheral nerve injury: an electron microscopic and biochemical study. Biyikli, Z; Daglioglu, E; Erdogan, D; Ergungor, F; Kilinc, K; Okay, O; Serdar Dike, M; Take, G, 2009)	2.1
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger. "	( Urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin level in age-related macular degeneration patients. Chen, M; Hu, DN; McCormick, SA; Perez, V; Rosen, R; Tai, K; Tone, P; Walsh, J; Yu, GP, 2009)	2.12
"Melatonin is a neurohormone that regulates target cells via binding to specific high-affinity plasma membrane receptors, MT1/MT2."	( Neuroprotection by melatonin on astrocytoma cell death. Ghibelli, L; Mengoni, F; Nuccitelli, S; Radogna, F, 2009)	1.4
"Melatonin is a hormone that has immunomodulatory activity and is believed to influence the production of antibodies in mammals. "	( Regulation of T-cell-independent and T-cell-dependent antibody production by circadian rhythm and melatonin. Cernysiov, V; Gerasimcik, N; Girkontaite, I; Mauricas, M, 2010)	2.02
"Melatonin is a remarkable molecule with diverse physiological functions. "	( Potential use of melatonergic drugs in analgesia: mechanisms of action. Brown, GM; Cardinali, DP; Moscovitch, A; Pandi-Perumal, SR; Spence, DW; Srinivasan, V; Trakht, I, 2010)	1.8
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted from the pineal gland specifically at night and contributes to a wide array of physiological functions in mammals. "	( Melatonin formation in mammals: in vivo perspectives. Borjigin, J; Chattoraj, A; Huang, Z; Liu, T; Zhang, LS, 2009)	3.24
"Melatonin is a molecule present in a multitude of taxa and may be ubiquitous in organisms. "	( The changing biological roles of melatonin during evolution: from an antioxidant to signals of darkness, sexual selection and fitness. Fuentes-Broto, L; Hardeland, R; Korkmaz, A; Manchester, LC; Mayo, JC; Paredes, SD; Reiter, RJ; Sainz, RM; Tan, DX, 2010)	2.08
"Melatonin is an important rhythmic endocrine signal within the circadian system of mammals. "	( Melatonin receptor 1-dependent gene expression in the mouse pars tuberalis as revealed by cDNA microarray analysis and in situ hybridization. Burbach, G; Korf, HW; Unfried, C; von Gall, C, 2010)	3.25
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and the loss of its protection in the cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease can explain the pattern of cell destruction."	( Choroid plexus portals and a deficiency of melatonin can explain the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. Maurizi, CP, 2010)	1.34
"Melatonin is a hypnotic and synchronizes circadian rhythms."	( A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of treatment as usual plus exogenous slow-release melatonin (6 mg) or placebo for sleep disturbance and depressed mood. Blizard, R; Buszewicz, MJ; Osborne, D; Raven, PW; Serfaty, MA, 2010)	1.3
"Melatonin is a pineal hormone produced at night; however, many strains of laboratory mice are deficient in melatonin. "	( Genetic variation of melatonin productivity in laboratory mice under domestication. Abe, K; Kasahara, T; Kato, T; Mekada, K; Yoshiki, A, 2010)	2.12
"Melatonin is a major chronobiological regulator involved in circadian phasing, sleep, and numerous other functions including cyto-/neuroprotection, immune modulation, and energy metabolism. "	( Investigational melatonin receptor agonists. Hardeland, R, 2010)	2.15
"Melatonin is a natural occurring compound with well-known antioxidant properties. "	( Melatonin, cardiolipin and mitochondrial bioenergetics in health and disease. Paradies, G; Paradies, V; Petrosillo, G; Reiter, RJ; Ruggiero, FM, 2010)	3.25
"Melatonin synthesis is a multistage process, where the last stage is catalysed by acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT), the reported rate-limiting melatonin synthesis enzyme."	( Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and mRNA expression for melatonin synthesis rate-limiting enzyme in recurrent depressive disorder. Bartosz, G; Bieńkiewicz, M; Florkowski, A; Gałecka, E; Gałecki, P; Karbownik-Lewińska, M; Lewiński, A; Szemraj, J, 2010)	1.33
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and reduces CP-induced urotoxicity."	( Effect of melatonin on the expression of Nrf2 and NF-kappaB during cyclophosphamide-induced urinary bladder injury in rat. Jena, GB; Tripathi, DN, 2010)	1.48
"Melatonin is a versatile molecule, synthesized not only in the pineal gland, but also in many other organs. "	( Melatonin in septic shock: some recent concepts. Cardinali, DP; Kato, H; Pandi-Perumal, SR; Spence, DW; Srinivasan, V, 2010)	3.25
"Melatonin is an indoleamine synthesized in the pineal gland, and after its release into the blood, it has an extensive repertoire of biological activities, including antitumoral properties. "	( Melatonin decreases cell proliferation and induces melanogenesis in human melanoma SK-MEL-1 cells. Cabrera, J; Estévez, F; Loro, J; Negrín, G; Quintana, J; Reiter, RJ, 2010)	3.25
"Melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger, antioxidant and neuroprotective drug. "	( Synergistic neuroprotective effect of combined low concentrations of galantamine and melatonin against oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Egea, J; García, AG; López, MG; Romero, A, 2010)	2.03
"Melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant and has protective effects against ischemic damage. "	( Melatonin's protective action against ischemic neuronal damage is associated with up-regulation of the MT2 melatonin receptor. Choi, JH; Hwang, IK; Kim, YM; Kwon, YG; Lee, CH; Park, OK; Won, MH; Yoo, KY, 2010)	3.25
"Melatonin is a pineal hormone with free radical scavenging activity on oxidants; therefore it may decrease the ADM-induced oxidative stress and cardiotoxicity so that therapeutic efficacy might be enhanced."	( Role of exogenous melatonin on adriamycin-induced changes in the rat heart. Aydemir, S; Kart, A; Ozdemir, I, 2010)	1.42
"Melatonin is a possible protective agent in postburn gut pathophysiological dynamics. "	( Melatonin plays a protective role in postburn rodent gut pathophysiology. Abu-Shaqra, S; Al-Ghoul, WM; Fazal, N; Park, BG, 2010)	3.25
"Melatonin is a highly effective antioxidant."	( Melatonin restores the basal level of lipid peroxidation in rat tissues exposed to potassium bromate in vitro. Karbownik-Lewinska, M; Lewinski, A; Stasiak, M; Zasada, K, 2010)	2.52
"As melatonin is an endogenous antioxidant and is non-toxic even in high doses it is suggested that melatonin may be beneficial in minimizing MTX induced renal damage in humans."	( Melatonin attenuates methotrexate-induced oxidative stress and renal damage in rats. Abraham, P; Kolli, VK; Rabi, S, 2010)	2.32
"Melatonin is an indolamine initially found to be produced in the pineal gland but now known to be synthesized in a variety of other tissues as well. "	( Protective effect of melatonin on oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis through sustained Mcl-1 expression and anti-oxidant action in renal carcinoma Caki cells. Kwon, TK; Um, HJ, 2010)	2.12
"Melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger and a strong antioxidant."	( Proteomic identification of proteins differentially expressed by melatonin in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cho, EH; Koh, PO, 2010)	1.32
"Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant and a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals."	( Melatonin expresses powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities resulting in complete improvement of acetic-acid-induced colitis in rats. Aktolga, S; Cetinkaya, A; Dorko, K; Gramignoli, R; Marongiu, F; Tahan, G; Tahan, V, 2011)	2.53
"Melatonin is a neurohormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep and circadian functions. "	( Melatonin: a pleiotropic molecule regulating inflammation. Diederich, M; Ghibelli, L; Radogna, F, 2010)	3.25
"Melatonin is a hormone which has many systemic effects in addition to its strong antioxidant properties. "	( Comparison of the effect of topical and systemic melatonin administration on delayed wound healing in rats that underwent pinealectomy. Akgul, EO; Korkmaz, A; Oter, S; Ozkan, C; Ozler, M; Simsek, K; Topal, T, 2010)	2.06
"Melatonin is believed to be a significant element in migraine and in other headache disorders, which has implications for treatment."	( Headache endocrinological aspects. Prieto Peres, MF; Valença, MM, 2010)	1.08
"Melatonin is an important endocrine signal for darkness in mammals. "	( Pineal melatonin synthesis is altered in Period1 deficient mice. Christ, E; Korf, HW; Pfeffer, M; von Gall, C, 2010)	2.26
"Melatonin is a powerful physiologic scavenger of hydroxyl radicals."	( Melatonin ameliorates liver fibrosis induced by bile-duct ligation in rats. Akin, H; Aydogan, F; Ramadan, SS; Tahan, G; Tahan, V; Tarcin, O; Uzun, H; Yapicier, O; Zengin, K, 2010)	2.52
"Melatonin is a free radical scavenger with potent antioxidant properties and immunomodulatory effects. "	( Oral melatonin attenuates lung inflammation and airway hyperreactivity induced by inhalation of aerosolized pancreatic fluid in rats. Chen, CF; Reiter, RJ; Wang, D; Yeh, DY, 2011)	2.33
"Melatonin is a potent scavenger of reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). "	( The role of mitochondrial complex III in melatonin-induced ROS production in cultured mesangial cells. Zhang, BX; Zhang, HM; Zhang, Y, 2011)	2.08
"Melatonin is an indoleamine secreted by the pineal gland as well as a plant-derived product, and resveratrol (RSV) is a naturally occurring polyphenol synthesized by a variety of plant species; both molecules act as a neuroprotector and antioxidant. "	( Melatonin synergistically increases resveratrol-induced heme oxygenase-1 expression through the inhibition of ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway: a possible role in neuroprotection. Han, SH; Ignarro, LJ; Kim, HJ; Kim, JN; Kim, MK; Kwon, KJ; Lee, J; Shin, CY, 2011)	3.25
"Melatonin is a known powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and increasing experimental and clinical evidence shows its beneficial effects against oxidative/nitrosative stress status, including that involving mitochondrial dysfunction."	( Melatonin-mitochondria interplay in health and disease. Acuña Castroviejo, D; Escames, G; García, JA; López, A; López, LC; Reiter, RJ, 2011)	2.53
"Melatonin (MLT) is a molecule secreted by the pineal gland in cyclical periods. "	( Melatonin and cancer: current knowledge and its application to oral cavity tumours. Aneiros-Cachaza, J; Aneiros-Fernández, J; Arias-Santiago, S; Cutando, A, 2011)	3.25
"Melatonin (MLT) is an efficient antioxidant that protects cells and tissues and initiates a host of receptor-mediated effects. "	( The effect of melatonin on the quality of extended boar semen after long-term storage at 17 °C. Barón, FJ; Bragado, MJ; Carmona, P; García-Marín, LJ; Gil, MC; Martín-Hidalgo, D; Robina, A, 2011)	2.17
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted from the pineal gland, levels of which are decreased in aging, particularly in AD subjects."	( Mechanism of neuroprotection of melatonin against beta-amyloid neurotoxicity. Abramov, AY; Bryszewska, M; Burchell, V; Ionov, M; Klajnert, B, 2011)	1.37
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant, can prevent toxic aggregation of Alzheimer's beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and, when taken long term, can protect against cognitive deficits in APP transgenic mice."	( Melatonin treatment restores mitochondrial function in Alzheimer's mice: a mitochondrial protective role of melatonin membrane receptor signaling. Arendash, GW; Bradshaw, PC; Buzzeo, R; Cao, C; Copes, N; Dragicevic, N; Jin, J; Mamcarz, M; O'Neal-Moffitt, G; Olcese, JM; Tan, J, 2011)	2.53
"Melatonin is an effective chronobiotic agent able to change the phase and amplitude of circadian rhythms."	( Melatonin and the metabolic syndrome: physiopathologic and therapeutical implications. Cano, P; Cardinali, DP; Esquifino, AI; Jiménez-Ortega, V, 2011)	2.53
"Melatonin is a multifunctional molecule that mediates several circadian and seasonal reproductive processes. "	( Evidence of melatonin synthesis in the cumulus oocyte complexes and its role in enhancing oocyte maturation in vitro in cattle. Abdel-Ghaffar, AE; El-Raey, M; El-Roos, ME; Geshi, M; Hirako, M; Kaneda, M; Nagai, T; Somfai, T; Sosa, GA, 2011)	2.19
"Melatonin is an indolamine without relevant side effects."	( Regulation of the expression of death receptors and their ligands by melatonin in haematological cancer cell lines and in leukaemia cells from patients. Antolín, I; Casado-Zapico, S; García-Pedrero, JM; García-Santos, G; Luño, E; Martín, V; Menendez, ST; Rodriguez, C; Rodríguez-Blanco, J; Sánchez-Sánchez, AM; Suárez, C, 2011)	1.33
"Melatonin is an important immune modulator with antitumor functions, and increased CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been observed in tumor tissues of patients and animal models with gastric cancer. "	( Role of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in melatonin-mediated inhibition of murine gastric cancer cell growth in vivo and in vitro. Liu, H; Wang, SE; Wei, JE; Xie, MR; Xu, L; Zhou, RX, 2011)	2.08
"Melatonin is an indoleamine secreted by the pineal gland that shows multiple tasks. "	( Melatonin enhances hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukaemia HL-60 cells. Barriga, C; Bejarano, I; Espino, J; Marchena, AM; Paredes, SD; Pariente, JA; Rodríguez, AB, 2011)	3.25
"Melatonin is a neurohormone produced by the pineal gland of animals. "	( Application of LC and LC-MS to the analysis of melatonin and serotonin in edible plants. Huang, X; Mazza, G, 2011)	2.07
"Melatonin is a strong antioxidant (often it is called scavenger of free radicals), which protects the body from the effects of noxious compounds."	( Melatonin and aging: prospects for human treatment. Bubenik, GA; Konturek, SJ, 2011)	2.53
"Melatonin (MEL) is a neuroendocrine hormone secreted by the pineal gland in association with the suprachiasmatic nucleus and peripheral tissues. "	( Melatonin as a central molecule connecting neural development and calcium signaling. Bonatto, D; de Faria Poloni, J; Feltes, BC, 2011)	3.25
"Melatonin is a substance chiefly produced by the pineal gland and has a key role in the sleep-wake cycle. "	( Perioperative melatonin use. Jarratt, J, 2011)	2.17
"Melatonin is a potent scavenger of reactive oxygen species and a strong antioxidant. "	( Melatonin prevents hepatic injury-induced decrease in Akt downstream targets phosphorylations. Koh, PO, 2011)	3.25
"Melatonin is a key factor in the coordination of circadian rhythms and seasonal reproduction. "	( Melatonin inhibits IL-1β-induced monolayer permeability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells via Rac activation. Li, B; Li, H; Xiu, R; Yuan, X, 2011)	3.25
"Melatonin is a key neuroendocrine transducer in the circadian organization of vertebrates. "	( Melatonin effects on gut motility are independent of the relaxation mediated by the nitrergic system in the goldfish. Alonso-Gómez, AL; Azpeleta, C; De Pedro, N; Delgado, MJ; Isorna, E; Velarde, E, 2011)	3.25
"Melatonin is a highly effective direct free-radical scavenger, indirect antioxidant, and cytoprotective agent in human pregnancy and it appears to be essential for successful pregnancy."	( Potential utility of melatonin as an antioxidant during pregnancy and in the perinatal period. Aversa, S; Barberi, I; Gitto, E; Pellegrino, S; Reiter, RJ, 2012)	1.42
"Melatonin is a hormone mainly produced in the pineal gland. "	( [Anxiolytical, analgesic and sedative effects of melatonin in the perioperative phase]. Gögenur, I; Rosenberg, J; Wilhelmsen, M, 2011)	2.07
"Melatonin is an endogenous indoleamine, produced mainly by the pineal gland. "	( Analgesic effects of melatonin: a review of current evidence from experimental and clinical studies. Amirian, I; Gögenur, I; Reiter, RJ; Rosenberg, J; Wilhelmsen, M, 2011)	2.13
"Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant and a synchronizer of many physiological processes. "	( Genetic variations of the melatonin pathway in patients with attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorders. Anckarsäter, H; Botros, HG; Boudarene, L; Bourgeron, T; Chaste, P; Clement, N; Delorme, R; Durand, C; Fauchereau, F; Gillberg, C; Gillberg, IC; Guillaume, JL; Huguet, G; Jockers, R; Konyukh, M; Launay, JM; Leblond, C; Leboyer, M; Lemière, N; Melke, J; Nygren, G; Pagan, C; Rastam, M; Scheid, I; Serrano, E; Ståhlberg, O; Toro, R, 2011)	2.11
"Melatonin functions as a free-radical scavenger and has a neuroprotective effect against ischemic brain damage. "	( Melatonin prevents down-regulation of astrocytic phosphoprotein PEA-15 in ischemic brain injury. Koh, PO, 2011)	3.25
"Melatonin is an antioxidant."	( Melatonin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic SREBP-1c activation and lipid accumulation in mice. Chen, X; Li, JB; Shi, CE; Wang, H; Wei, W; Xu, DX; Zhang, C; Zhao, H; Zhao, M; Zhu, RM, 2011)	2.53
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant known to reverse free-radical mediated injury in the brain."	( Neuroprotection by melatonin after germinal matrix hemorrhage in neonatal rats. Hartman, R; Lekic, T; Manaenko, A; Rolland, W; Tang, J; Virbel, K; Zhang, JH, 2011)	1.42
"Melatonin is an effective antioxidant that can protect the infant's brain from the post-hemorrhagic consequences of mental retardation and cerebral palsy."	( Neuroprotection by melatonin after germinal matrix hemorrhage in neonatal rats. Hartman, R; Lekic, T; Manaenko, A; Rolland, W; Tang, J; Virbel, K; Zhang, JH, 2011)	1.42
"Melatonin (MLT) is a hormone synthesized from the pineal gland. "	( Synthesis and antioxidant activity evaluations of melatonin-based analogue indole-hydrazide/hydrazone derivatives. Coban, T; Suzen, S; Yılmaz, AD, 2012)	2.07
"Melatonin is a natural antioxidant and free radical scavenger that has been shown to effectively reduce cellular oxidative stress and protect mitochondrial functions in vitro."	( Melatonin protects against neurobehavioral and mitochondrial deficits in a chronic mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Lau, YS; Patki, G, 2011)	2.53
"Melatonin is a ubiquitous and versatile molecule that exhibits most of the desirable characteristics of a good antioxidant."	( Melatonin as a natural ally against oxidative stress: a physicochemical examination. Galano, A; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2011)	2.53
"Melatonin is an antioxidant that has neuroprotective functions in ischemic brain injury. "	( Melatonin attenuates decrease of protein phosphatase 2A subunit B in ischemic brain injury. Koh, PO, 2012)	3.26
"Melatonin is an important modulator of nervous system functioning and important neural antioxidant. "	( Melatonin attenuates cognitive dysfunction and reduces neural oxidative stress induced by phosphamidon. Bhattacharya, SK; Chalawadi Hanumantappa, MK; Khanna, N; Mehta, AK; Rathor, N; Sharma, AK, 2013)	3.28
"Melatonin is an important natural oncostatic agent, and our previous studies have found its inhibitory action on tumor angiogenesis, but the mechanism remains unclear. "	( Melatonin prevents human pancreatic carcinoma cell PANC-1-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Cui, P; Dong, L; Peng, X; Yang, Z; Yu, M, 2012)	3.26
"Melatonin is an endogenous indolamine, classically known as a light/dark regulator. "	( Intracellular redox state as determinant for melatonin antiproliferative vs cytotoxic effects in cancer cells. Antolín, I; Casado-Zapico, S; García-Santos, G; Martín, V; Rodriguez, C; Rodríguez-Blanco, J; Sánchez-Sánchez, AM; Suarez-Garnacho, S, 2011)	2.07
"Melatonin is a hormone, a derivative of tryptophan, that possesses a potent scavenging capacity for the most reactive and dangerous free radicals, being an important protection against oxidative stress. "	( Chemiluminometric evaluation of melatonin and selected melatonin precursors' interaction with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Costa, RC; Harasimowicz, J; Marques, KL; Prior, JA; Rodrigues, SS; Santos, JL; Silva, AF, 2012)	2.11
"Melatonin is an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger against oxidative stress."	( Melatonin abrogates cadmium induced oxidative stress related neurotoxicity in rats. Muthumani, M; Prabu, SM; Shagirtha, K, 2011)	2.53
"Melatonin is a hormone with endocrine, paracrine and autocrine actions. "	( Distribution, function and physiological role of melatonin in the lower gut. Bashashati, M; Chen, CQ; Fichna, J; Li, YY; Storr, M, 2011)	2.07
"Melatonin is an indolamine with a large spectrum of functions that can be divided into chronobiotic and nonchronobiotic. "	( Relevance of the chronobiological and non-chronobiological actions of melatonin for enhancing therapeutic efficacy in neurodegenerative disorders. Cecon, E; Markus, RP, 2011)	2.05
"Melatonin is a natural substance ubiquitous in distribution and present in almost all species ranging from unicellular organisms to humans. "	( Melatonin, immune function and cancer. Bhatnagar, KP; Brzezinski, A; Cardinali, DP; Pandi-Perumal, SR; Srinivasan, V, 2011)	3.25
"Melatonin is a multifunctional indoleamine which counteracts several pathophysiologic steps and displays significant beneficial effects against hyperglycemia-induced cellular toxicity."	( Glucose: a vital toxin and potential utility of melatonin in protecting against the diabetic state. Korkmaz, A; Ma, S; Reiter, RJ; Rosales-Corral, S; Tan, DX; Topal, T, 2012)	1.36
"Melatonin is an endogenously produced and multifunctioning molecule that could theoretically intervene at any of a number of sites to abate the changes associated with the development of AD."	( Alzheimer's disease: pathological mechanisms and the beneficial role of melatonin. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Boga, JA; Coto-Montes, A; Fuentes-Broto, L; Korkmaz, A; Ma, S; Manchester, LC; Reiter, RJ; Rosales-Corral, SA; Tan, DX, 2012)	1.33
"Melatonin is an effective chronobiotic agent changing the phase and amplitude of the sleep/wake rhythm and having cytoprotective and immunomodulatory properties useful to prevent a number of MS sequels."	( Disrupted chronobiology of sleep and cytoprotection in obesity: possible therapeutic value of melatonin. Cardinali, DP; Pagano, ES; Reynoso, R; Scacchi Bernasconi, PA; Scacchi, P, 2011)	1.31
"Melatonin is a potent deprogrammer of neonatal corticosterone programming effects and the adult thrifty phenotype alteration to a diabetogenic challenge."	( Neonatal corticosterone programs for thrifty phenotype adult diabetic manifestations and oxidative stress: countering effect of melatonin as a deprogrammer. Baxi, DB; Ramachandran, AV; Singh, PK; Vachhrajani, KD, 2012)	2.03
"Melatonin is a key hormone in the synchronization of behaviors, metabolisms and physiological regulations with environmental factors."	( [Cellular aspects of aging in the pineal gland of the shrew, Crocidura russula]. Bendjelloul, M; Besseau, L; Dekar-Madoui, A; Falcon, J; Fons, R; Magnanou, E; Ouali, S, 2012)	1.1
"Melatonin is a multifunctional indolamine that has marked beneficial effect on peroxinitrite-induced cellular toxicity confirmed in numerous experimental and clinical studies."	( [Oxidative stress and possibilities of its correction by melatonin]. , 2011)	1.34
"Melatonin is a versatile molecule, synthesized not only by the pineal gland, but also in small amounts by many other organs like retina, gastrointestinal tract, thymus, bone marrow, lymphocytes etc. "	( Melatonin in bacterial and viral infections with focus on sepsis: a review. Kato, H; Mohamed, M; Srinivasan, V, 2012)	3.26
"Melatonin is an indoleamine secreted by the pineal gland as well as a plant-derived product that exerts potential anti-inflammatory properties, but the mechanisms of action remain unclear. "	( Melatonin suppresses proinflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated CRL1999 cells via targeting MAPK, NF-κB, c/EBPβ, and p300 signaling. Chen, W; Deng, W; Fu, L; Huang, W; Liu, L; Shi, D; Wang, J; Xiao, X; Xie, F, 2012)	3.26
"Melatonin is a highly effective antioxidant, free radical scavenger, and has anti-inflammatory effect."	( Melatonin utility in neonates and children. Chen, YC; Huang, LT; Sheen, JM; Tain, YL, 2012)	2.54
"Melatonin (MLT) is a free-radical scavenger and possesses antioxidant properties."	( Toxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a review of melatonin and diclofenac sodium association. Altunkaynak, ME; Aygün, D; Kaplan, S; Odaci, E; Onger, ME, 2012)	1.34
"Melatonin is a biomolecule (mainly secreted by the pineal gland) with free radical scavenging, antioxidant and immunoregulatory properties."	( Plasma melatonin and urinary 6-hydroxymelatonin levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Agilli, M; Akgul, EO; Arslan, Y; Aydin, I; Cakir, E; Cayci, T; Deniz, O; Erbil, MK; Gumus, S; Ilhan, N; Kurt, YG; Ozkan, E; Oztosun, M; Yaman, H, 2012)	1.56
"Melatonin which is a pineal gland hormone is a very potent antioxidant."	( HSP70 immune reactivity and TUNEL positivity in the liver of toluene-inhaled and melatonin-treated rats. Kocaman, N; Kuloglu, T; Ogeturk, M; Sapmaz, HI; Sarsilmaz, M; Tas, U; Zararsiz, I, 2013)	1.34
"Melatonin is a bioactive compound that is present in wine because it is contained in vinification grapes and synthesized by yeast during alcoholic fermentation. "	( Production of melatonin by Saccharomyces strains under growth and fermentation conditions. Cantos-Villar, E; Garcia-Parrilla, Mdel C; Mas, A; Rodriguez-Naranjo, MI; Torija, MJ, 2012)	2.18
"Melatonin is an indolamine that is synthesized in the pineal gland and shows a wide range of physiological functions. "	( Melatonin suppresses doxorubicin-induced premature senescence of A549 lung cancer cells by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction. Jee, HJ; Kim, AJ; Kim, HJ; Kim, M; Song, N; Yoo, YH; Yun, J, 2012)	3.26
"Melatonin is a highly pleiotropic signaling molecule, which is released as a hormone of the pineal gland predominantly during night. "	( Neurobiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of melatonin deficiency and dysfunction. Hardeland, R, 2012)	2.08
"Melatonin is a pineal indole that has been shown to play an important role as a free radical scavenger and anti-inflammatory molecule."	( Age-related differences in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion: gene activation, liver injury, and protective effect of melatonin. Bela, T; Cuesta, S; Ibarrola, C; Kireev, RA; Moreno Gonzalez, E; Tresguerres, JA; Vara, E, 2012)	1.31
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted into the blood mainly from the pineal gland allowing the entrainment of the circadian rhythms of several biological functions."	( Update in glaucoma medicinal chemistry: emerging evidence for the importance of melatonin analogues. Colligris, B; Crooke, A; Pintor, J, 2012)	1.33
"Melatonin is a highly evolutionary conserved endogenous molecule that is mainly produced by the pineal gland, but also by other nonendocrine organs, of most mammals including man. "	( A review of the molecular aspects of melatonin's anti-inflammatory actions: recent insights and new perspectives. Collado, PS; González-Gallego, J; Mauriz, JL; Reiter, RJ; Veneroso, C, 2013)	2.11
"Melatonin is a synchronizer of many physiological processes. "	( Crystal structure and functional mapping of human ASMT, the last enzyme of the melatonin synthesis pathway. Beguin, P; Bellalou, J; Ben-Abdallah, M; Bondet, V; Botros, HG; Bourgeron, T; Haouz, A; Huguet, G; Legrand, P; Lemière, N; Maronde, E; Pagan, C; Shepard, W; Weber, P, 2013)	2.06
"Melatonin (MLT) is a neurohormone known to be involved in the regulation of anxiety. "	( Anxiolytic effects of the melatonin MT(2) receptor partial agonist UCM765: comparison with melatonin and diazepam. Bedini, A; Comai, S; Fraschini, F; Gobbi, G; Mor, M; Ochoa-Sanchez, R; Rainer, Q; Rivara, S; Spadoni, G; Tarzia, G, 2012)	2.12
"Melatonin is a hormone, which is involved in the control of the circadian rhythm, but also acts as an antioxidant and immune modulator. "	( Non-surgical periodontal therapy influences salivary melatonin levels. Andrukhov, O; Bertl, K; Haririan, H; Laky, M; Rausch, WD; Rausch-Fan, X; Schoiber, A; Steiner, I, 2013)	2.08
"Melatonin (MLT) is a strong free-radical scavenger, which protects the body from the effects of oxidants. "	( Antioxidant activity of indole-based melatonin analogues in erythrocytes and their voltammetric characterization. Gumustas, M; Gurer-Orhan, H; Ozkan, SA; Shirinzadeh, H; Suzen, S; Tekiner-Gulbas, B; Uslu, D, 2013)	2.11
"Melatonin (MLT) is a powerful antioxidant with a particular role in the protection of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA."	( Melatonin and synthetic analogs as antioxidants. Suzen, S, 2013)	2.55
"Melatonin is an indoleamine with a wide spectrum of biological activities other than transmitting photoperiod information, including antioxidant, oncostatic, anti-aging and immunomodulatory properties. "	( Melatonin-synthesizing enzymes and melatonin receptor in rat thyroid cells. Carrillo-Vico, A; de Miguel, M; Díaz-Parrado, E; Fernández-Santos, JM; García-Marín, R; Guerrero, JM; Martín-Lacave, I; Morillo-Bernal, J; Rodríguez-Prieto, I; Utrilla, JC, 2012)	3.26
"Melatonin is a natural hormone produced by pineal gland activity in the brain that regulates the body's sleep-wake cycle."	( Pineal melatonin level disruption in humans due to electromagnetic fields and ICNIRP limits. Halgamuge, MN, 2013)	1.57
"Melatonin is a widely distributed hormone that regulates several major physiological processes, including the circadian rhythm and seasonal adaptation. "	( Characterization of substituted phenylpropylamides as highly selective agonists at the melatonin MT2 receptor. Chan, KH; Ho, MK; Hu, Y; Wong, YH, 2013)	2.06
"Melatonin is a naturally occurring molecule biosynthesized by the pineal gland of vertebrates; it also has been identified in many plants. "	( Serum melatonin levels and antioxidant capacities after consumption of pineapple, orange, or banana by healthy male volunteers. Johns, J; Johns, NP; Sae-Teaw, M; Subongkot, S, 2013)	2.31
"Melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant."	( Mitochondria and chloroplasts as the original sites of melatonin synthesis: a hypothesis related to melatonin's primary function and evolution in eukaryotes. Acuna-Castroviejo, D; Liu, X; Manchester, LC; Reiter, RJ; Rosales-Corral, SA; Tan, DX, 2013)	1.36
"Melatonin is an important antioxidant, and through its anti-inflammatory effects it can control immune responses, oxidative stress, and defense cell infiltration. "	( Immune modulatory and antioxidant effects of melatonin in experimental periodontitis in rats. Akman, S; Canakci, CF; Kalkan, Y; Kara, A; Ozkanlar, S; Tozoglu, S; Tozoglu, U, 2013)	2.09
"Melatonin is a naturally occurring hormone involved in physiological processes that also has neuroprotective actions against hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury in animal models."	( Melatonin augments hypothermic neuroprotection in a perinatal asphyxia model. Andorka, C; Bainbridge, A; Cady, EB; Chandrasekaran, M; Faulkner, S; Fleiss, B; Golay, X; Gressens, P; Hristova, M; Lecky-Thompson, L; Powell, E; Price, D; Raivich, G; Robertson, NJ; Thei, L, 2013)	2.55
"Melatonin is an uncommonly widely distributed molecule. "	( The universal nature, unequal distribution and antioxidant functions of melatonin and its derivatives. Manchester, LC; Reiter, RJ; Rosales-Corral, S; Tan, DX, 2013)	2.06
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant capable of protecting variety of retinal cells from oxidative damage."	( Melatonin-mediated cytoprotection against hyperglycemic injury in Müller cells. Cai, J; Chang, Q; Jiang, T; Wang, L; Xu, G; Yan, S; Zhao, Z, 2012)	2.54
"Melatonin is a major chronobiological regulator involved in circadian phasing, sleep, and numerous other functions. "	( Determination of the novel melatonin agonist Neu-P11 in plasma samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Goltz, L; Kirch, W; Oertel, R, 2013)	2.13
"Melatonin is a chemical signal of darkness that is produced by retinal photoreceptors and pinealocytes. "	( Role of melatonin and its receptors in the vertebrate retina. Sherry, DM; Wiechmann, AF, 2013)	2.27
"Melatonin is an important endogenous signal able to synchronize circadian oscillations in the cardiovascular system."	( Melatonin and clock genes expression in the cardiovascular system. Herichova, I; Zeman, M, 2013)	2.55
"As melatonin is an antioxidant with the potential to scavenge radicals in mitochondria, we therefore employed a sepsis model, that is, cecal ligation and double puncture (CLP) in rats, to study the melatonin effects on: (i), myocardial mitochondrial function; (ii), heart systolic function; and (iii), prognosis of septic rats."	( Melatonin improved rat cardiac mitochondria and survival rate in septic heart injury. Chai, W; Chen, X; Liu, D; Long, Y; Rui, X; Wang, H; Wang, X; Yang, Q; Zhang, H; Zhang, Q; Zhou, X, 2013)	2.35
"Melatonin is an indoleamine compound produced in the pineal gland and also a plant-derived product."	( Melatonin potentiates the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of ursolic acid in colon cancer cells by modulating multiple signaling pathways. Chen, W; Deng, W; Fu, L; Guo, W; Huang, W; Shi, D; Tian, Y; Tong, B; Wang, J; Xiao, X; Yu, W, 2013)	2.55
"Melatonin is a substance that has demonstrated protective effects against oxidative stress."	( [Effect of pretreatment with melatonin on the oxidative and inflammatory damage induced by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion in Zucker rats]. Hernández, JA, 2011)	1.38
"Melatonin is a pineal indoleamine that has been reported to reduce neurodegenerative processes and improve cognitive deficits in various animal models."	( Long-term oral administration of melatonin improves spatial learning and memory and protects against cholinergic degeneration in middle-aged Ts65Dn mice, a model of Down syndrome. Corrales, A; Flórez, J; García, E; García, S; Martínez, P; Martínez-Cué, C; Rueda, N; Sanchez-Barceló, EJ; Vidal, V, 2013)	1.39
"Melatonin is a hormone with strong antioxidant activity. "	( Melatonin influences antioxidant homeostasis and basal metabolism in the BALB/c mouse model. Bandouchova, H; Pikula, J; Pohanka, M, 2012)	3.26
"Melatonin is a major biosynthetic product of pineal gland exerting a potent antioxidant and the reactive oxygen metabolites scavenging activities but the mechanism of formation of this indole at extrapineal sources has not been fully elucidated. "	( Conversion L-tryptophan to melatonin in the gastrointestinal tract: the new high performance liquid chromatography method enabling simultaneous determination of six metabolites of L-tryptophan by native fluorescence and UV-VIS detection. Brzozowska, I; Brzozowski, T; Drozdowicz, D; Hubalewska-Mazgaj, M; Laidler, PM; Stelmaszynska, T; Zagajewski, J, 2012)	2.12
"Melatonin (MT) is a neurohormone synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland. "	( Exogenous melatonin abolishes mechanical allodynia but not thermal hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain. The role of the opioid system and benzodiazepine-gabaergic mechanism. Machowska, A; Nowak, L; Thor, PJ; Wordliczek, J; Zurowski, D, 2012)	2.22
"Melatonin is a pineal hormone that regulates sleep and wake status. "	( [Rhythm of melatonin excretion in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome]. Brzecka, A; Piesiak, P; Plamieniak, Z; Zareba-Bogdał, E; Zierkiewicz, G, 2001)	2.14
"Melatonin is an important hormone regulating circadian clocks in birds, but the specific cellular sites of action are not completely known. "	( Functional melatonin receptors and metabolic coupling in cultured chick astrocytes. Adachi, A; Cassone, VM; Natesan, AK; Weigum, SE; Whitfield-Rucker, MG, 2002)	2.15
"Melatonin is a good candidate for transdermal drug delivery considering its variable oral absorption, a short biological half-life and extensive first pass metabolism. "	( Effect of vehicles on the transdermal delivery of melatonin across porcine skin in vitro. Babu, RJ; Kanikkannan, N; Kikwai, L; Singh, M, 2002)	2.01
"The melatonin onset is a more reliable indicator of the diurnal type than the nadir of rectal temperature. "	( Melatonin synthesis: a possible indicator of intolerance to shiftwork. Degen, G; Golka, K; Griefahn, B; Künemund, C; Thier, R, 2002)	2.32
"Melatonin is a highly potent and efficient radical scavenger."	( Decreased nocturnal melatonin levels during acute myocardial infarction. Abreu-González, P; de Armas-Trujillo, D; Domínguez-Rodríguez, A; García, MJ; Marrero, F; Sanchez, J, 2002)	1.36
"Melatonin may prove to be an alternative therapy for PLMS."	( Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements of sleep: fact, fad, and fiction. Patel, S, 2002)	1.04
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger. "	( Melatonin reduces nitric oxide level during ischemia but not blood-brain barrier breakdown during reperfusion in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model. Cheung, RT; Fung, PC; Pei, Z, 2003)	3.2
"Melatonin is an efficient protector against hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)-induced lipid peroxidation and acts in a concentration-dependent manner. "	( Some biochemical properties of melatonin and the characterization of a relevant metabolite arising from its interaction with H2O2. Carampin, P; Dalzoppo, D; Rosan, S; Zagotto, G; Zatta, P, 2003)	2.05
"Melatonin is a well-known hydroxyl radical (*OH) scavenger that protects DNA and lipids from free radical attack. "	( Protection against oxidative protein damage induced by metal-catalyzed reaction or alkylperoxyl radicals: comparative effects of melatonin and other antioxidants. Lopez-Burillo, S; Mayo, JC; Natarajan, M; Reiter, RJ; Sainz, RM; Tan, DX, 2003)	1.97
"Melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger and an indirect antioxidant."	( The utility of melatonin in reducing cerebral damage resulting from ischemia and reperfusion. Cheung, RT, 2003)	1.39
"Melatonin is a neurohormone synthesized in the pineal gland during the dark period in all species, including humans. "	( Therapeutic perspectives for melatonin agonists and antagonists. Atkinson, J; Boutin, JA; Casteilla, L; Delagrange, P; Lesieur, D; Misslin, R; Pellissier, S; Pénicaud, L; Renard, P, 2003)	2.05
"Melatonin is a highly conserved molecule that not only exists in animals, but also is present in bacteria, unicellular organisms and in plants. "	( Melatonin in Chinese medicinal herbs. Chen, G; Huo, Y; Liang, Z; Tan, DX; Zhang, W; Zhang, Y, 2003)	3.2
"Melatonin is an indolic hormone produced mainly by the pineal gland. "	( Melatonin and mammary cancer: a short review. Cos, S; Fernández, R; Mediavilla, MD; Sánchez-Barceló, EJ, 2003)	3.2
"Melatonin is also known to be an endogenous free radical scavenger and an efficient antioxidant."	( The effect of melatonin on antioxidant enzymes in human diabetic skin fibroblasts. Bryszewska, M; Kilańczyk, E, 2003)	1.4
"Melatonin, which is a powerful endogenous antioxidant, may play a role in the prevention of oxidative damage."	( The effect of melatonin against oxidative damage during total-body irradiation in rats. Bakan, N; Emin Buyukokuroglu, M; Koc, M; Taysi, S, 2003)	1.4
"Melatonin is a product that plays not only a major role in the regulation of the circadian rhythms but may also exert neuroprotective effects in AD."	( Early neuropathological Alzheimer's changes in aged individuals are accompanied by decreased cerebrospinal fluid melatonin levels. Hofman, MA; Kamphorst, W; Liu, RY; Swaab, DF; Zhou, JN, 2003)	1.25
"Melatonin is a natural compound synthesized by a variety of organs. "	( Melatonin and cell death: differential actions on apoptosis in normal and cancer cells. Lopez-Burillo, S; Mayo, JC; Reiter, RJ; Rodriguez, C; Sainz, RM; Tan, DX, 2003)	3.2
"Melatonin is an output of the retinal circadian oscillator and provides nocturnal signaling that is mediated through specific G-protein-coupled receptors."	( Direct modulation of rod photoreceptor responsiveness through a Mel(1c) melatonin receptor in transgenic Xenopus laevis retina. Dighe, R; Hu, Y; Vrieze, MJ; Wiechmann, AF, 2003)	1.27
"Melatonin is a powerful anti-aging reagent for scavenging free radicals. "	( Microencapsulation and culture in vitro of rat pinealocytes. Dachuan, X; Hua, L; Lei, Y; Shaohu, X; Shizheng, Z; Tao, H; Xiaojing, L, 2003)	1.76
"Melatonin's functions as an antioxidant include: a), direct free radical scavenging, b), stimulation of antioxidative enzymes, c), increasing the efficiency of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and reducing electron leakage (thereby lowering free radical generation), and 3), augmenting the efficiency of other antioxidants."	( Melatonin as an antioxidant: biochemical mechanisms and pathophysiological implications in humans. Czarnocki, Z; Leon, J; Mayo, JC; Reiter, RJ; Sainz, RM; Tan, DX, 2003)	2.48
"Melatonin acts as an arm of the circadian clock, giving a time-related signal to a number of body functions; one of them is the circadian organization of the immune response."	( Melatonin role in experimental arthritis. Cano, P; Cardinali, DP; Esquifino, AI; García, AP, 2004)	2.49
"If melatonin is an inhibitor of the mtPTP, it should prevent mitochondrial cyt c release as seen in stroke models."	( Direct inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore: a possible mechanism responsible for anti-apoptotic effects of melatonin. Andrabi, SA; Horn, TF; Sayeed, I; Siemen, D; Wolf, G, 2004)	1.04
"Melatonin secretion is an endogenous synchronizer, and it may possess some anti-aging properties. "	( Qualitative and quantitative changes of melatonin levels in physiological and pathological aging and in centenarians. Cinchetti, W; Cravello, L; Ferrari, E; Fioravanti, M; Guazzoni, V; Magri, F; Sarra, S, 2004)	2.03
"Melatonin is an endogenously produced antioxidant with radioprotective actions while ionizing radiation is a well-known cytotoxic and mutagenic agent of which the biological results are attributable to its free radical producing effects. "	( Protective effects of melatonin on the ionizing radiation induced DNA damage in the rat brain. Baçaran, N; Giray, B; Oge, K; Undeger, U; Zorlu, AF, 2004)	2.08
"Melatonin thus appears to be an effective anticonvulsant, and melatonin ML(1) receptors, GABAergic and serotonergic mechanisms may play an important role in mediating the anticonvulsant activity of melatonin in electroshock seizures."	( Receptor mechanisms involved in the anticonvulsant effect of melatonin in maximal electroshock seizures. Mahajan, P; Mediratta, PK; Ray, M; Reeta, Kh; Sharma, KK, 2004)	1.29
"Melatonin is a natural occurring compound with well-known antioxidant properties. "	( Melatonin and mitochondrial function. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Leon, J; Mayo, JC; Reiter, RJ; Sainz, RM; Tan, DX, 2004)	3.21
"Melatonin is an indole hormone produced mainly by the pineal gland. "	( Melatonin, an endogenous-specific inhibitor of estrogen receptor alpha via calmodulin. del Río, B; García Pedrero, JM; Lazo, PS; Martínez-Campa, C; Ramos, S; Zuazua, P, 2004)	3.21
"Melatonin is seen to be a molecule that promotes vegetative growth in etiolated Lupinus albus L."	( Melatonin: a growth-stimulating compound present in lupin tissues. Arnao, MB; Cano, A; Hernández-Ruiz, J, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin is a hormone with antioxidant properties."	( Melatonin does not prevent the protection of ischemic preconditioning in vivo despite its antioxidant effect against oxidative stress. Andreadou, I; Bofilis, E; Constantinou, M; Iliodromitis, EK; Kremastinos, DT; Mikros, E; Tsantili-Kakoulidou, A; Zoga, A, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin is a potent physiological scavenger of hydroxyl radicals."	( Melatonin reduces dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Aydin, S; Aytekin, H; Canbakan, B; Mert, A; Ozaras, R; Ozbay, G; Senturk, H; Tahan, V; Uzun, H; Yildirim, B, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin is an endogenous antioxidant and free radical scavenger. "	( Melatonin alleviates behavioral deficits associated with apoptosis and cholinergic system dysfunction in the APP 695 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Chang, Y; Cheng, Y; Feng, Z; Qin, C; Qu, ZW; Zhang, BL; Zhang, JT, 2004)	3.21
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant agent more effective than allopurinol in preventing testicular I/R injury."	( Beneficial effects of melatonin compared with allopurinol in experimental testicular torsion. Abasiyanik, A; Dağdönderen, L, 2004)	1.36
"Melatonin is a lipophilic hormone, mainly produced and secreted at night by the pineal gland. "	( Physiological and metabolic functions of melatonin. Barrenetxe, J; Delagrange, P; Martínez, JA, 2004)	2.03
"Melatonin is an endogenously generated potent antioxidant. "	( Long-term effects of melatonin or 17 beta-estradiol on improving spatial memory performance in cognitively impaired, ovariectomized adult rats. Cheng, Y; Feng, Z; Zhang, JT, 2004)	2.09
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger."	( Melatonin reduces amyloid beta-induced apoptosis in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Feng, Z; Zhang, JT, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin is an indolamine, mainly secreted by the pineal gland into the blood of mammalian species. "	( Protective effects of melatonin against carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in rats. Belonovskaya, EB; Bryszewska, M; Kravchuk, RI; Lapshina, EA; Martinchik, DI; Reiter, RJ; Zavodnik, IB; Zavodnik, LB, )	1.89
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger."	( Protective effect of melatonin on beta-amyloid-induced apoptosis in rat astroglioma C6 cells and its mechanism. Feng, Z; Zhang, JT, 2004)	1.36
"Melatonin is a pineal hormone known to be important in the regulation of the circadian rhythm, including the sleep-wake cycle."	( Systematic review of melatonin treatment in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities and sleep impairment. Appleton, RE; Phillips, L, 2004)	1.36
"Melatonin is a powerful endogenous antioxidants."	( Melatonin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced down-regulation of pregnane X receptor and its target gene CYP3A in mouse liver. Sun, MF; Wang, JP; Wei, LZ; Wei, W; Xu, DX, 2005)	2.49
"Melatonin is a candidate neuroprotective drug for ischaemic stroke. "	( Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of melatonin in experimental stroke. Donnan, GA; Horky, LL; Howells, DW; Macleod, MR; O'Collins, T, 2005)	2.02
"Melatonin is a well-known antioxidant and free radical scavenger."	( Protective effects of melatonin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion induced infarct size and oxidative changes. Acet, A; Parlakpinar, H; Sahna, E; Turkoz, Y, 2005)	1.36
"Melatonin is a methoxyindole synthesized and secreted principally by the pineal gland at night under normal environmental conditions. "	( The basic physiology and pathophysiology of melatonin. Brun, J; Chazot, G; Claustrat, B, 2005)	2.03
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, mostly in the dark period of the light/dark cycle, with corresponding fluctuations reflected in the plasma melatonin levels. "	( Melatonin, metals, and gene expression: implications in aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Bondy, S; Chen, D; Greig, NH; Lahiri, DK; Lahiri, P; Rogers, JT, 2004)	3.21
"Melatonin is a hormone involved in the transduction of photoperiodic information, and appears to modulate a variety of neural and endocrine functions. "	( Exposure to continuous darkness ameliorates gastric and colonic inflammation in the rat: both receptor and non-receptor-mediated processes. Cevík, H; Ercan, F; Erkanli, G; Işman, CA; Yeğen, BC, 2005)	1.77
"Melatonin is a free radical scavenger and has cytoprotective effects in inflammatory conditions."	( The protective effects of melatonin against water avoidance stress-induced mast cell degranulation in dermis. Cetinel, S; Cikler, E; Contuk, G; Ercan, F; Sener, G, 2005)	1.35
"Melatonin is a hormone produced in human by the pineal body, the endocrine gland localized in the central part of cerebrum. "	( [Melatonin and its biological significance]. Boguszewska, A; Pasternak, K, 2004)	2.68
"Melatonin is a natural compound synthesized by a variety of organs. "	( Melatonin potentiates flavone-induced apoptosis in human colon cancer cells by increasing the level of glycolytic end products. Daniel, H; Nickel, A; Wenzel, U, 2005)	3.21
"Melatonin is a secretory product with well-known antioxidant properties."	( Effect of melatonin administration on parameters related to oxidative damage in hepatocytes isolated from old Wistar rats. Ariznavarreta, C; Castillo, C; Salazar, V; Tresguerres, JA; Vara, E, 2005)	1.45
"Melatonin is a more stable marker of circadian phase when measured under constant routine conditions."	( Stability of melatonin and temperature as circadian phase markers and their relation to sleep times in humans. Benloucif, S; Guico, MJ; L'hermite-Balériaux, M; Reid, KJ; Wolfe, LF; Zee, PC, 2005)	1.42
"Melatonin is a small lipophile molecule, essentially secreted by pineal gland. "	( [Therapeutic potential of melatonin in cancer treatment]. Abrial, C; Chevrier, R; Chollet, P; Curé, H; Gachon, F; Kwiatkowski, F, 2005)	2.07
"Melatonin is an endogenously generated potent antioxidant. "	( Long-term melatonin or 17beta-estradiol supplementation alleviates oxidative stress in ovariectomized adult rats. Feng, Z; Zhang, JT, 2005)	2.17
"Melatonin is a neuromodulator that binds to receptors in the retinotectal laminae of the amphibian optic tectum. "	( Melatonin decreases calcium levels in retinotectal axons of Xenopus laevis by indirect activation of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors. Prada, C; Udin, SB, 2005)	3.21
"Melatonin is a product of the pineal gland. "	( The role of melatonin in the neurodegenerative diseases. Kotulska, K; Lewin-Kowalik, J; Marcol, W; Olakowska, E, 2005)	2.15
"Melatonin is a hormone produced mainly in the pineal gland. "	( The therapeutic application of melatonin in supportive care and palliative medicine. Mahmoud, F; Mazurczak, MA; Sarhill, N, )	1.86
"Melatonin is a powerful scavenger of the oxygen free radicals."	( The protective role of melatonin in experimental hypoxic brain damage. Ayvaz, S; Başaran, UN; Ekuklu, G; Eskiocak, S; Tütüncüler, F; Vatansever, U, 2005)	1.36
"Melatonin (M) is an indolamine secreted by the pineal gland."	( Melatonin as protective agent for the cytotoxic effects of diazinon in the spermatogenesis in the earthworm Eisenia foetida. Bustos-Obregón, E; Espinoza, O; González, JR, 2005)	2.49
"Melatonin is an antioxidant and free radical scavenger."	( Potent therapeutic effect of melatonin on aging skin in pinealectomized rats. Batçioğlu, K; Eşrefoğlu, M; Gül, M; Parlakpinar, H; Seyhan, M; Uyumlu, B, 2005)	1.34
"Melatonin is a prime candidate for slowing the aging process and targeting its underlying pathology."	( Melatonin, aging, and age-related diseases: perspectives for prevention, intervention, and therapy. Poeggeler, B, 2005)	2.49
"Melatonin is a promising therapeutic agent for IBS. "	( Melatonin improves bowel symptoms in female patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Gwee, KA; Ho, KY; Lu, WZ; Moochhalla, S, 2005)	3.21
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and direct radical scavenger. "	( Melatonin increases survival of HaCaT keratinocytes by suppressing UV-induced apoptosis. Apostolov, EO; Basnakian, AG; Elsner, P; Fischer, TW; Sayre, RM; Slominski, A; Sweatman, TW; Wortsman, J; Zbytek, B, 2006)	3.22
"Melatonin is a powerful endogenous antioxidant."	( Melatonin protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced intra-uterine fetal death and growth retardation in mice. Chen, YH; Sun, MF; Wang, H; Wang, JP; Wei, LZ; Wei, W; Xu, DX, 2006)	2.5
"Melatonin is a potent endogenous antioxidant and free radical scavenger."	( Early melatonin supplementation alleviates oxidative stress in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Chang, Y; Feng, Z; Qin, C; Zhang, JT, 2006)	1.54
"Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland. "	( Melatonin hormone profile in infertile males. Atta, H; Awad, H; Halawa, F; Mostafa, T, 2006)	3.22
"Melatonin is a well known antioxidant and free radical scavenger."	( Protective effects of melatonin and indole-3-propionic acid against lipid peroxidation, caused by potassium bromate in the rat kidney. Karbownik, M; Lewiński, A; Stasiak, M; Zasada, K; Zygmunt, A, )	1.17
"Melatonin is an indolamine mostly produced in the pineal gland, soluble in water, and highly lipophilic, which allows it to readily cross the blood-brain barrier. "	( Intracellular signaling pathways involved in the cell growth inhibition of glioma cells by melatonin. Antolín, I; Carrera-Gonzalez, P; García-Santos, G; Herrera, F; Martín, V; Rodriguez, C; Rodriguez-Blanco, J, 2006)	2
"Melatonin is an antioxidant that is able to counteract some of the L-Arg-induced changes during acute pancreatitis, and may therefore be helpful in the supportive therapy of patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis."	( Effect of melatonin on the severity of L-arginine-induced experimental acute pancreatitis in rats. Hegyi, P; Jarmay, K; Kaszaki, J; Letoha, T; Lonovics, J; Papai, G; Rakonczay, Z; Reiter, RJ; Sari, R; Szabolcs, A; Takacs, T; Varga, I, 2006)	2.18
"Melatonin is judged to be a potential protector against intestinal damage associated with radiotherapy. "	( Protective effects of melatonin on gamma-ray induced intestinal damage. Ando, K; Hino, M; Hirayama, R; Kojima, S; Monobe, M; Sumi, M; Uzawa, A, 2005)	2.09
"Melatonin (MT) is a good candidate for transdermal delivery considering its short biological half-life, low molecular weight and a variable oral absorption. "	( Transdermal delivery of a pineal hormone: melatonin via elastic liposomes. Asthana, A; Dubey, V; Jain, NK; Mishra, D, 2006)	2.04
"Melatonin is a specific inhibitor of Cd-induced ER alpha-mediated transcription in both estrogen response elements (ERE)- and AP1-containing promoters, whereas ER beta-mediated transcription is not inhibited by the pineal indole."	( Melatonin inhibits both ER alpha activation and breast cancer cell proliferation induced by a metalloestrogen, cadmium. Alonso-González, C; Cos, S; González, A; Martínez-Campa, C; Mediavilla, MD; Ramos, S; Sánchez-Barceló, EJ, 2006)	2.5
"Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant and free radical scavenger. "	( Inhibitory effect of melatonin on diquat-induced lipid peroxidation in vivo as assessed by the measurement of F2-isoprostanes. Cao, S; Min, F; Qi, W; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX; Wang, L; Wang, X; Wei, W; Xu, J; Zhang, L, 2006)	2.1
"Melatonin (Mel) is a hormone (indoleamine) which has antioxidant, antiproliferative and, potentially, anticancerogenic activities."	( Effects of melatonin on the process of apoptosis in rat thyroid follicular cells. Gesing, A; Jagiela, J; Lewinski, A, )	1.24
"Melatonin is a product of the amino acid tryptophan in the pineal gland. "	( Melatonin and nitric oxide. Aydogan, S; Goktas, A; Yerer, MB, 2006)	3.22
"Melatonin is a neurohormone that is believed to be involved in a wide range of physiological functions. "	( Therapeutic potential of melatonin ligands. Boutin, JA; Delagrange, P, 2006)	2.08
"Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland witha clear circadian rhythm giving low levels by day and a peak during the night in normally entrained individuals."	( Measurement of melatonin and 6-sulphatoxymelatonin. Middleton, B, 2006)	1.41
"Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule and widely distributed in nature, with functional activity occurring in unicellular organisms, plants, fungi and animals. "	( Melatonin: Nature's most versatile biological signal? Cardinali, DP; Hardeland, R; Maestroni, GJ; Pandi-Perumal, SR; Poeggeler, B; Srinivasan, V, 2006)	3.22
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant agent that can scavenge oxy- and nitroradicals generated under hypoxic conditions in the brain. "	( The effect of melatonin on protein oxidation and nitric oxide in the brain tissue of hypoxic neonatal rats. Basaran, UN; Cakir, E; Eskiocak, S; Taskiran, A; Tutunculer, F, 2007)	2.14
"Melatonin is a free-radical scavenger and antioxidant. "	( Melatonin and roentgen irradiation of the testis. Abdelraheem, MH; Abou El-Ghait, AT; Abu-Dief, EE; Adly, MA; Hussein, MR, 2006)	3.22
"Melatonin is a pineal hormone with a chemical structure very similar to indomethacin."	( Melatonin responsive hemicrania continua. Rozen, TD, )	2.3
"Melatonin is a hormone that has been associated with soporific effects."	( Searching for new options for treating insomnia: are melatonin and ramelteon beneficial? Bellon, A, 2006)	1.3
"Melatonin is a ubiquitous, highly conserved molecule with known therapeutic roles in the treatment of sleep disorders, depression, aging, inhibition of cancer cell growth and as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant."	( A melatonin-rich germplasm line of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.). Murch, SJ; Saxena, PK, 2006)	1.78
"Melatonin is a fat-soluble neuro-hormone which is produced in the pineal gland and is characterised by a circadian secretion that operates via a feedback circuit. "	( [Melatonin. Neurobiological background and neuropsychiatric application in children]. Debruyne, C, 2006)	2.69
"Melatonin is a product with considerable potential provided it is administered in a controlled manner and the results are assessed accurately. "	( [Melatonin. Neurobiological background and neuropsychiatric application in children]. Debruyne, C, 2006)	2.69
"Melatonin is a hormone, which is mainly produced by the pineal gland, a vestigial eye. "	( Light, dark, and melatonin: emerging evidence for the importance of melatonin in ocular physiology. Brennan, R; Jan, JE; Lyons, CJ, 2007)	2.12
"Melatonin is an amphiphilic molecule with a unique spectrum of antioxidative effects not conveyed by classical antioxidants."	( Reduced oxidative damage in ALS by high-dose enteral melatonin treatment. Bach, A; Bähr, M; Bartels, C; Bohn, M; Dietrich, J; Ehrenreich, H; Hardeland, R; Hüther, G; Mertens, N; Nave, KA; Poeggeler, B; Pölking, E; Rohde, G; Schneider, A; Sirén, AL; Sperling, S; Weishaupt, JH, 2006)	1.3
"Melatonin is a highly effective treatment in different animal models of excitotoxicity or ischemia/reperfusion injury. "	( Preclinical evaluation of pharmacokinetics and safety of melatonin in propylene glycol for intravenous administration. Chan, PS; Cheung, RT; Ma, ES; Tam, S; Tipoe, GL; Zou, LY, 2006)	2.02
"Melatonin is an effective antioxidant, immunostimulant, gonadal maturating regulator and antistress indoleamine that may be potentially useful for fish farmers. "	( Response of plasma and gastrointestinal melatonin, plasma cortisol and activity rhythms of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) to dietary supplementation with tryptophan and melatonin. Herrero, MJ; Madrid, JA; Martínez, FJ; Míguez, JM, 2007)	2.05
"Melatonin is an ancient molecule present in unicellular organisms at the very early moment of life. "	( Melatonin role in the mitochondrial function. Acuna-Castroviejo, D; Escames, G; Lopez, LC; Rodriguez, MI, 2007)	3.23
"Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone secreted by the pineal gland to transduce the body's circadian rhythms. "	( Melatonin in pathogenesis and therapy of cancer. Ahuja, YR; Lakshmi, NK; Ravindra, T, 2006)	3.22
"Melatonin appears to be an effective sleep-initiator for children and adolescents with ID and probably has a similar effect for adults. "	( Melatonin and sleep disorders associated with intellectual disability: a clinical review. Clarke, D; Sajith, SG, 2007)	3.23
"Melatonin is a highly conserved molecule. "	( One molecule, many derivatives: a never-ending interaction of melatonin with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species? Flores, LJ; Manchester, LC; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX; Terron, MP, 2007)	2.02
"Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule and widely distributed in nature, with functional activity occurring in unicellular organisms, plants, fungi, and animals. "	( Role of melatonin in the eye and ocular dysfunctions. Cardinali, DP; Lundmark, PO; Pandi-Perumal, SR; Srinivasan, V, )	2.01
"Melatonin is a promising antioxidant and direct radical scavenger."	( Modification of gene expression by melatonin in UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocyte cell lines using a cDNA microarray. Cho, JW; Kim, CW; Lee, KS, 2007)	1.34
"Melatonin is an indoleamine that is synthesized in the pineal gland and has an extensive repertoire of biological activities. "	( Inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis by melatonin in human myeloid HL-60 cells. Cabrera, J; Estévez, F; Loro, J; Quintana, J; Reiter, RJ; Rubio, S, 2007)	2.03
"Melatonin is a well-known animal substance, which has recently been detected in plant tissues. "	( Melatonin promotes adventitious- and lateral root regeneration in etiolated hypocotyls of Lupinus albus L. Arnao, MB; Hernández-Ruiz, J, 2007)	3.23
"Melatonin is a well-known antioxidant and free-radical scavenger."	( Remote organ injury induced by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion on reproductive organs, and protective effect of melatonin in male rats. Atessahin, A; Olmez, E; Sahna, E; Türk, G; Yilmaz, S, 2007)	1.27
"Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant and is a potent protective agent against damage after experimental thermal injury."	( Melatonin as pharmacologic support in burn patients: a proposed solution to thermal injury-related lymphocytopenia and oxidative damage. Calvo, JR; Guerrero, JM; Lardone, PJ; Maldonado, MD; Murillo-Cabezas, F; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2007)	2.5
"Melatonin is an indoleamine widely distributed in the evolution that shows a great functional versatility, playing an important role as a transmitter of photoperiodic information and exhibiting antioxidant, oncostatic, anti-aging and immunomodulatory properties. "	( Melatonin biosynthesis in the thymus of humans and rats. Arellano, MV; Carrascosa-Salmoral, MP; Carrillo-Vico, A; Guerrero, JM; Jiménez-Jorge, S; Lardone, PJ; Leal, M; Leal-Noval, SR; Lissen, E; Molinero, P; Naranjo, MC; Rubio, A, 2007)	3.23
"Melatonin is an essential component for circadian system function, whose daily plasma secretory rhythm is driven by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), contributing to the communication of temporal messages from the central circadian clock to all cells. "	( Looking for the keys to diurnality downstream from the circadian clock: role of melatonin in a dual-phasing rodent, Octodon degus. Madrid, JA; Ortiz, V; Rol, MA; Vivanco, P, 2007)	2.01
"Melatonin is a hormone that is released from the pineal gland into the blood stream and is controlled by nerve impulses from the suprachiasmatic nuclei. "	( Seasonal and diurnal melatonin production in exercising sled dogs. Duffy, LK; Dunlap, KL; Kerr, WW; Reynolds, AJ; Tosini, G, 2007)	2.1
"Melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger and an indirect antioxidant. "	( Melatonin levels during the first week of life and their relation with the antioxidant response in the perinatal period. Avila-Villegas, R; Bonillo-Perales, A; Florido-Navío, J; González-Ripoll, M; Molina-Carballo, A; Muñoz-Hoyos, A; Uberos, J, 2007)	3.23
"Melatonin is a pineal hormone that regulates the human cycle of sleep and wakefulness. "	( Nocturnal melatonin plasma levels in patients with OSAS: the effect of CPAP. Abreu, J; Abreu, P; Castro, A; Hernández, C; Jiménez, A, 2007)	2.18
"Melatonin is a hormone that controls circadian rhythms and seasonal behavioral changes in vertebrates. "	( Melatonin signaling regulates locomotion behavior and homeostatic states through distinct receptor pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans. Doi, M; Furusawa, K; Kameyama, K; Okamoto, H; Tanaka, D, 2007)	3.23
"Melatonin is a cytokine modulator, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic agent."	( Melatonin attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced apoptotic liver damage in D-galactosamine-sensitized mice. Lv, JW; Ning, H; Wang, H; Wei, W; Xu, DX, 2007)	2.5
"Melatonin is an immunomodulator."	( Maternally administered melatonin differentially regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in maternal serum, amniotic fluid, fetal liver, and fetal brain. Chen, YH; Ning, H; Wang, H; Xu, DX; Zhao, L, 2007)	1.37
"Melatonin serves as a signal of darkness and participates in sleep/wake regulation. "	( Melatonin and the human hippocampus, a time dependent interplay. Gorfine, T; Zisapel, N, 2007)	3.23
"Melatonin seems to be a part of anti-inflammatory response and its high level may appease the course of UC."	( [24-hour urinary 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate excretion in patients with ulcerative colitis]. Boznańska, P; Smigielski, J; Stec-Michalska, K; Stepień, A; Szadkowski, K; Wichan, P; Wiśniewska-Jarosńska, M, 2007)	1.36
"Melatonin is a neurohormone primarily synthesized in the pineal gland at night. "	( [Melatonin binding site MT3 is QR2: state of the art]. Boutin, JA, 2007)	2.69
"Melatonin seems to be an important stimulatory factor of the immune system. "	( Chemotactic effect of melatonin on leukocytes. Mosquera, J; Pedreanez, A; Peña, C; Rincon, J; Viera, N, 2007)	2.1
"Melatonin is a hormone-like substance that has a variety of beneficial properties as regulator of the circadian rhythm and as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. "	( Protective action of melatonin against oxidative DNA damage: chemical inactivation versus base-excision repair. Blasiak, J; Morawiec, Z; Morawiec-Bajda, A; Reiter, R; Rozej, W; Sliwinski, T, 2007)	2.1
"Melatonin (Mel) is a hormone which has antioxidative activities."	( Protective effects of melatonin and N-acetylserotonin on aflatoxin B1-induced lipid peroxidation in rats. Gesing, A; Karbownik-Lewinska, M, 2008)	1.38
"Melatonin is a hormone participating in the modulation of various physiological functions via binding to specific melatonin receptors. "	( Melatonin modulates glycine currents of retinal ganglion cells in rat. Cao, LH; Yang, XL; Zhang, M, 2007)	3.23
"Melatonin is a viable second-line or adjunctive treatment."	( Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Gugger, JJ; Wagner, ML, 2007)	1.06
"Melatonin is a neurohormone that is secreted by the pineal gland and known to impact the sleep-wake cycle. "	( Melatonin. Piccirillo, JF, 2007)	3.23
"Melatonin is a well-known antioxidant that efficiently reduces lipid peroxidation due to oxidative stress."	( Melatonin reduces lipid and protein oxidative damage in synaptosomes due to aluminium. Albendea, CD; Fuentes-Broto, L; García, JJ; Gómez-Trullén, EM; Martínez-Ballarín, E; Miana-Mena, FJ; Millán-Plano, S; Reyes-Gonzales, MC, 2007)	2.5
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant agent and an anti-aging hormone. "	( Effects of melatonin supplementary on the sciatic nerve conduction velocity in the ovariectomized-aged rat. Bilgin, MD; Birincioglu, M; Dost, T; Ek, RO; Zencirci, SG, 2007)	2.17
"Melatonin is a recognized antioxidant with high potential as a protective agent in many conditions related to oxidative stress such as neurodegenerative diseases, ischemia/reperfusion syndromes, sepsis and aging. "	( Melatonin maintains mitochondrial membrane potential and attenuates activation of initiator (casp-9) and effector caspases (casp-3/casp-7) and PARP in UVR-exposed HaCaT keratinocytes. Fischer, TW; Slominski, A; Wortsman, J; Zmijewski, MA, 2008)	3.23
"Melatonin is a neurohormone naturally found in humans. "	( Neurobiological effects of melatonin as related to cancer. Hoang, BX; Levine, SA; Pham, PT; Shaw, DG, 2007)	2.08
"Melatonin is a biogenic amine, known from almost all phyla of living organisms. "	( Daily variation of melatonin content in the optic lobes of the crab Neohelice granulata. Allodi, S; Cruz, BP; Geihs, MA; Maciel, FE; Maia Nery, LE; Meyer-Rochow, VB; Ramos, BP; Vakkuri, O; Vargas, MA, 2008)	2.12
"Melatonin appears to be a safe and well-tolerated treatment for insomnia in children with autism spectrum disorders."	( Melatonin for insomnia in children with autism spectrum disorders. Andersen, IM; Kaczmarska, J; Malow, BA; McGrew, SG, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin is believed to be an important regulator of circadian and seasonal rhythms."	( Melatonin and its influence on immune system. Szczepanik, M, 2007)	2.5
"Melatonin (Mel) is a hormone synthesized mainly by the pineal gland. "	( [The protective role of melatonin in the course of UV exposure]. Cegielski, M; Dziegiel, P; Izykowska, I; Piotrowska, A; Podhorska-Okołów, M; Zabel, M, 2008)	2.1
"Melatonin is a neurohormone synthesized and secreted mainly during the dark period of the circadian cycle by the pineal gland. "	( Homology modeling of MT1 and MT2 receptors. Chavatte, P; Chugunov, AO; Dilly, S; Efremov, RG; Farce, A; Lesieur, D; Logé, C; Renault, N; Sabaouni, A; Vergoten, G; Yous, S, 2008)	1.79
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and in many studies melatonin has been shown to be more effective than some "classical" antioxidants (e.g., vitamins E and C) in protecting against oxidative/nitrosative stress."	( Oxidative stress in relation to surgery: is there a role for the antioxidant melatonin? Gögenur, I; Kücükakin, B; Reiter, RJ; Rosenberg, J, 2009)	1.3
"Melatonin is a potent antioxidant with neuroprotective activity in animal models of ischemic stroke, which based on its lack of serious toxicity has raised hopes that it might be used for human stroke treatment in the future. "	( Delayed melatonin administration promotes neuronal survival, neurogenesis and motor recovery, and attenuates hyperactivity and anxiety after mild focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Abdallah, NB; Bacigaluppi, M; Bassetti, CL; Guo, Z; Hermann, DM; Kilic, E; Kilic, U; Reiter, RJ; Wolfer, DP, 2008)	2.22
"Melatonin is an important natural oncostatic agent. "	( Melatonin modulates the expression of VEGF and HIF-1 alpha induced by CoCl2 in cultured cancer cells. Cui, P; Dai, M; Han, J; Li, H; Xiu, R; Yu, M, 2008)	3.23
"Melatonin is a strong antioxidant that has low toxicity and easily passes through the blood-brain barrier."	( Melatonin decreases mortality following severe subarachnoid hemorrhage. Ayer, RE; Chen, W; Sugawara, T; Tong, W; Zhang, JH, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin (MT) is an effective regulator of the immune system."	( Melatonin decreases TLR3-mediated inflammatory factor expression via inhibition of NF-kappa B activation in respiratory syncytial virus-infected RAW264.7 macrophages. Cao, XJ; Huang, SH; Wei, W, 2008)	2.51
"melatonin (MT) is a hormone produced by the pineal gland at night, involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms. "	( Solid lipid nanoparticles incorporating melatonin as new model for sustained oral and transdermal delivery systems. Castagna, G; De Medici, C; Esposti, D; Esposti, R; Fraschini, F; Gasco, MR; Mauro, A; Priano, L, 2007)	2.05
"Melatonin is an effective regulator of the immune system."	( Suppressive action of melatonin on the TH-2 immune response in rats infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Alonso Toldo, MP; Caetano, LC; do Prado, JC; dos Santos, CD; Frare, EO; Santello, FH, 2008)	1.38
"Melatonin is a potent scavenger of ROS."	( Melatonin protects from hepatic reperfusion injury through inhibition of IKK and JNK pathways and modification of cell proliferation. Büchler, MW; Hoffmann, K; Kern, M; Liang, R; Nickkholgh, A; Schemmer, P; Schneider, H; Sobirey, M; Zorn, M, 2009)	2.52
"Melatonin is an endocrine output signal of the clock and provides circadian information as an endogenous synchronizer which stabilizes and reinforces circadian rhythms."	( Melatonin, consciousness, and traumatic stress. Bob, P; Fedor-Freybergh, P, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin is a potent naturally produced antioxidant, which acts through various mechanisms to ameliorate the toxic effects of ROS."	( Melatonin represses oxidative stress-induced activation of the MAP kinase and mTOR signaling pathways in H4IIE hepatoma cells through inhibition of Ras. Abbas, A; Jefferson, LS; Kimball, SR, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone secreted nightly by pineal gland and regulates biological rhythms."	( Melatonin and pregnancy in the human. Flores, LJ; Manchester, LC; Nakamura, Y; Reiter, RJ; Sugino, N; Tamura, H; Tan, DX; Terron, MP, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin is a multifunctional molecule that mediates several circadian and seasonal processes in animal reproduction. "	( Effects of melatonin on in vitro maturation of porcine oocyte and expression of melatonin receptor RNA in cumulus and granulosa cells. Jang, G; Kang, JT; Kang, SK; Koo, OJ; Kwon, DK; Lee, BC; Park, HJ, 2009)	2.19
"Melatonin is a neurohormone implicated in both biorhythm synchronization and neuroprotection from oxidative stress. "	( Studies of the melatonin binding site location onto quinone reductase 2 by directed mutagenesis. Berger, S; Boutin, JA; Cogé, F; Delagrange, P; Ferry, G; Gohier, A; Guenin, SP; Moulharat, N; Saunier, C, 2008)	2.14
"Melatonin (MLT) is a natural oncostatic factor of the human body as well as an antioxidant thus protects the nuclear DNA from oxidative damage. "	( Supplementation of melatonin protects human lymphocytes in vitro from the genotoxic activity of melphalan. Lialiaris, T; Lyratzopoulos, E; Mourelatos, C; Nikolettos, N; Papachristou, F; Simopoulou, M, 2008)	2.12
"Melatonin seems to be an indicator of disturbed circadian rhythm rather than the cause of SAD."	( [Seasonal affective disorders]. Christensen, EM; Gjerris, A, 1995)	1.01
"Melatonin is a hormone produced especially at night in the pineal gland, a pea-sized organ near the center of the human brain."	( Melatonin suppression by static and extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields: relationship to the reported increased incidence of cancer. Reiter, RJ, )	2.3
"Melatonin production is a highly dynamic process, causing concentration shifts in the pineal gland and changes in the serum amplitude during prolonged exposure to short photoperiods."	( Photoperiodic responses in Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus): importance of light history for pineal and serum melatonin profiles. Lerchl, A; Nieschlag, E; Niklowitz, P, 1994)	1.22
"Melatonin is a weak dose-independent lightening agonist in fish skin, a moderate dose-dependent lightening agonist in toad skin and a potent lightening agent in frog and lizard skins (reversing in a dose-dependent manner the darkening caused by alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone). "	( Melatonin desensitizing effects on the in vitro responses to MCH, alpha-MSH, isoproterenol and melatonin in pigment cells of a fish (S. marmoratus), a toad (B. ictericus), a frog (R. pipiens), and a lizard (A. carolinensis), exposed to varying photoperiod Castrucci, AM; Filadelfi, AM, 1994)	3.17
"Melatonin, because it is a potent antioxidant, may provide significant protection against cancer initiation as well as promotion."	( Electromagnetic fields and melatonin production. Reiter, RJ, 1993)	1.3
"Melatonin is a very potent and efficient endogenous radical scavenger. "	( Melatonin, hydroxyl radical-mediated oxidative damage, and aging: a hypothesis. Chen, LD; Manchester, LC; Poeggeler, B; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 1993)	3.17
"Melatonin is a hormone involved in neuroendocrine responses; its plasma concentrations display a circadian pattern which is modified by stress. "	( A non-invasive simple method for measurement of urinary excretion of melatonin in undisturbed mice. Giraldi, T; Perissin, L; Rapozzi, V; Zorzet, S, 1993)	1.96
"Melatonin (aMT) appears to be a potentially important oncostatic substance that can block the mitogenic effects of tumour-promoting hormones and growth factors such as oestradiol and epidermal growth factor, in vitro. "	( Melatonin blocks the stimulatory effects of prolactin on human breast cancer cell growth in culture. Blask, DE; Kelly, PA; Lemus-Wilson, A, 1995)	3.18
"Melatonin is considered to be a marker of circadian rhythms, and abnormalities in its secretion are associated with clinical disorders, including fatigue, sleep disruption, mood swings, impaired performance, and depression, which are consequences of desynchronisation."	( Magnetic fields and pineal function in humans: evaluation of nocturnal acute exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields on serum melatonin and urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin circadian rhythms. Lambrozo, J; Selmaoui, B; Touitou, Y, 1996)	1.22
"Melatonin is a hormone produced mainly by the pineal gland during the dark phase of the circadian cycle with typical circadian rhythm with maximal secretion at night and depression during the day. "	( [Melatonin--the hormone of darkness]. Kancheva, RL; Zofková, I, 1996)	2.65
"Melatonin is an excellent free radical scavenger, reacting with tert-butoxyl and cumyloxyl radicals with rate constants of 3.4 x 10(7) and 6.7 x 10(7) M-1s-1, respectively. "	( Exploratory laser flash photolysis study of free radical reactions and magnetic field effects in melatonin chemistry. Scaiano, JC, 1995)	1.95
"Melatonin is a hormone released during darkness under the control of the hypothalamic circadian pacemaker. "	( Inhibition of melatonin secretion onset by low levels of illumination. Armstrong, SM; Luke, D; Martin, MJ; O'Brien, C; Trinder, J, 1996)	2.1
"Melatonin is a skin lightening agonist of the toad Bufo ictericus. "	( Serotonin and N-acetylserotonin effects on pigment cells of the toad Bufo ictericus: pharmacological characterization of melatonin receptors. Castrucci, AM; Filadelfi, AM, 1996)	1.94
"Melatonin (MLT) is a methoxyindole secreted principally by the pineal gland. "	( [Melatonin in humans: a biochemical marker of the circadian clock and an endogenous synchronizer]. Brun, J; Chazot, G; Claustrat, B; Geoffriau, M, 1995)	2.64
"Melatonin is an indole hormone that is produced by the pineal gland, mainly at night, with a peak around 3.00 a.m. "	( [Melatonin: from hormone to drug?]. Brun, J; Chazot, G; Claustrat, B; Geoffriau, M, 1996)	2.65
"Melatonin is an extremely interesting hormone."	( Melatonin as an antiaging drug: between facts and fantasy. Huether, G, 1996)	2.46
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, the releasing stimulus of which is darkness."	( [Juvenile hormones, reality or myth?]. Vermeulen, A, 1997)	1.02
"Melatonin is an effective agent in reducing ROS-mediated DNA fragmentation and death in bovine cerebral endothelial cells."	( Melatonin protects bovine cerebral endothelial cells from hyperoxia-induced DNA damage and death. He, L; Hsu, CY; Shaikh, AY; Wu, Y; Xu, J, 1997)	2.46
"Melatonin has appeared to be a reliable marker of the pacemaker activity, which is influenced by the light/dark cycle."	( A microdialysis study on pineal melatonin rhythms in rats after an 8-h phase advance: new characteristics of the underlying pacemaker. Brons, HF; Drijfhout, WJ; Grol, CJ; Hagan, RM; Oakley, N; Westerink, BH, 1997)	1.3
"Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone which is currently receiving considerable attention as a treatment for jet lag, a treatment for insomnia and, by some, a possible "magic bullet" for delaying the effects of aging and preventing cancer. "	( A mathematical model of production, distribution, and metabolism of melatonin in mammalian systems. Blumenthal, GM; Kohn, MC; Portier, CJ, 1997)	1.98
"Melatonin is a competitive inhibitor of TDO and 5-HT is predominantly an allosteric inhibitor."	( Inhibition of hepatic tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase: superior potency of melatonin over serotonin. Daya, S; Walsh, HA, 1997)	1.25
"Melatonin is a free radical scavenger and antioxidant and it has a significant immunomodulatory activity, being presumably a major factor in an organism's defense toxic agents and invading organisms."	( Melatonin site and mechanism of action: single or multiple? Cardinali, DP; Cutrera, RA; Esquifino, AI; Golombek, DA; Rosenstein, RE, 1997)	2.46
"Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland mainly during the night. "	( [Melatonin--clinical perspectives in prevention and therapy]. Steffen, R; Suhner, A, 1997)	2.65
"Melatonin is a neurohormone produced during the night by the pineal gland. "	( Melatonin, its receptors, and relationships with biological rhythm disorders. Delagrange, P; Guardiola-Lemaitre, B, 1997)	3.18
"Melatonin is a neurohormone produced by the human pineal gland that plays a role in the regulation of many physiologic processes and has been proposed as a therapy for everything from insomnia to metastatic carcinoma. "	( Is melatonin associated with the development of autoimmune hepatitis? Hong, YG; Riegler, JL, 1997)	2.36
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted during the dark period of the day."	( [Melatonin in the human--an overview]. Hartmann, J; Langer, M; Turkof, H; Waldhauser, F, 1997)	1.93
"Melatonin is a hormone produced mainly by the pineal gland in most vertebrate species, including humans. "	( Melatonin and its physiological and therapeutic properties. Nowak, JZ; Zawilska, JB, 1998)	3.19
"Melatonin (MLT) is a methoxyindole secreted principally by the pineal gland. "	( The physiology and pharmacology of melatonin in humans. Brun, J; Chazot, G; Claustrat, B; Geoffriau, M, 1998)	2.02
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in response to photoperiods and influences many important biological processes. "	( Melatonin, immune modulation and aging. Ardestani, SK; Elliott, KK; Inserra, PF; Liang, B; Molitor, M; Watson, RR; Zhang, Z, 1997)	3.18
"Melatonin is an antioxidant. "	( Mechanism of the inhibitory effect of melatonin on tumor necrosis factor production in vivo and in vitro. Aquilini, L; Ghezzi, P; Guglielmotti, A; Pinza, M; Sacco, S, 1998)	2.01
"Melatonin seems to be an integral part of the immune system, by exerting direct and/or indirect stimulatory effects on both cellular and humoral immunity."	( Melatonin involvement in immunity and cancer. Demartini, G; Esposti, D; Fraschini, F; Scaglione, F, )	2.3
"Melatonin is a hormone that is influenced by the circadian environmental variations of dark-light and is a modulator of the immune system."	( Melatonin restores and enhances the human type B tonsillar lymphocyte subset in recurrent acute tonsillitis. Delgado, F; Guerrero, JM; Lopez-Gonzalez, MA; Sanchez, B, 1998)	2.46
"Melatonin is a hormone primarily produced by the pineal gland at night and is suppressed by exposure to light. "	( Reduced cancer incidence among the blind. Ahlbom, A; Feychting, M; Osterlund, B, 1998)	1.74
"Melatonin injections are an effective entraining stimulus in fetal and neonatal Syrian hamsters of the same developmental ages used to provide donor tissue for transplantation."	( Melatonin entrains the restored circadian activity rhythms of syrian hamsters bearing fetal suprachiasmatic nucleus grafts. Davis, FC; Grosse, J, 1998)	2.46
"Melatonin acts as a hormonal transduction of photoperiod influencing the timing of seasonal and daily (circadian) physiological rhythms."	( The role of melatonin in the human fetus (review). Abramovich, DR; Drew, JE; Thomas, L; Williams, LM, 1998)	1.4
"Melatonin is an indolamine hormone presumably synthesized by retinal photoreceptors, and may act as a paracrine signal of darkness within the retina. "	( Melatonin receptor RNA expression in Xenopus retina. Campbell, LD; Defoe, DM; Wiechmann, AF, 1999)	3.19
"Melatonin is a neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland (or epiphysis). "	( [Development of animal models for the chronobiotics of melatonin analogs]. Guardiola-Lemaître, B, )	1.82
"Melatonin is a hormone involved in various physiological processes such as the circadian cycle, hormone release and immune response. "	( [Signaling by melatonin receptors]. Delagrange, P; Guardiola, B; Jockers, R; Petit, L; Strosberg, AD, )	1.93
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted mainly by the pineal gland but also by the retina. "	( [Melatonin and aging]. Auzéby, A; Bogdan, A; Selmaoui, B; Touitou, Y, )	2.48
"Melatonin serves as a biological marker of catecholamine function since its secretion is regulated by noradrenergic neurons via beta-adrenergic receptors in the pineal gland."	( The effect of presynaptic catecholamine depletion on 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate: a double blind study of alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine. Klee, GG; Krahn, LE; Lin, SC; Lu, PY; Ory, SJ; Zimmermann, RC, 1999)	1.27
"Melatonin is an important inhibitor of cancer growth promotion while the essential polyunsaturated fatty acid, linoleic acid is an important promoter of cancer progression. "	( New actions of melatonin on tumor metabolism and growth. Blask, DE; Dauchy, R; Holowachuk, EW; Ruhoff, MS; Sauer, LA, )	1.93
"Melatonin is now known to be a multifaceted free radical scavenger and antioxidant. "	( The oxidant/antioxidant network: role of melatonin. Cabrera, J; D'Arpa, D; Mayo, JC; Ramos, S; Reiter, RJ; Sainz, RM; Tan, DX, )	1.84
"Melatonin effectively acts as a direct free radical scavenger in the concentration range of 20-100 microM as determined in vitro, using Fenton reaction as a source of free radicals that were determined by EPR using spin trapping method."	( Melatonin and oxidative damage in mice liver induced by the prooxidant antitumor drug, adriamycin. Comelli, M; Giraldi, T; Mavelli, I; Perissin, L; Rapozzi, V; Schara, M; Sentjurc, M, )	2.3
"Melatonin is a mediator in the establishment of the circadian rhythm of biological processes. "	( Influence of beta-blockers on melatonin release. Lercher, P; Liebmann, P; Lindner, W; Maier, R; Sakotnik, A; Stoschitzky, K; Zweiker, R, 1999)	2.03
"Melatonin seems to be an almost ubiquitous substance, which has been detected not only in metazoans, but also in all major non-metazoan taxa investigated, including bacteria, dinoflagellates, euglenoids, trypanosomids, fungi, rhodophyceans, pheophyceans, chlorophyceans and angiosperms. "	( Melatonin and 5-methoxytryptamine in non-metazoans. Hardeland, R, )	3.02
"Melatonin is a principal hormone of the vertebrate pineal gland. "	( [Melatonin and its role the circadian function]. Nowak, JZ; Zawilska, JB, 1999)	2.66
"Melatonin (MEL) is a widely used, over-the-counter sleep aid, and it has putative contraceptive, antioxidant, antiaging, and anticancer effects. "	( Maternal and developmental toxicity evaluation of melatonin administered orally to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. Jahnke, G; Marr, M; Myers, C; Price, C; Travlos, G; Wilson, R, 1999)	2
"Melatonin is a free radical scavenger and antioxidant. "	( Effects of melatonin on the Harderian gland of lipopolysaccharide-treated rats: morphological observations. Bitzer-Quintero, OK; Bravo-Cuellar, A; Coto-Montes, A; Falcón-Franco, MA; Feria-Velasco, A; Ortiz, GG; Reiter, RJ; Ruiz-Rizo, L, 1999)	2.14
"Melatonin is an important component of the avian circadian system. "	( Circadian regulation of chick electroretinogram: effects of pinealectomy and exogenous melatonin. Cassone, VM; McGoogan, JM, 1999)	1.97
"Melatonin is a neuromodulating hormone found in the pineal gland and retina. "	( Toxic optic neuropathy after concomitant use of melatonin, zoloft, and a high-protein diet. Johnson, LN; Lehman, NL, 1999)	2
"Melatonin release is a more sensitive parameter than NAT activity to the action of neuroactive agents, suggesting that melatonin synthesis can be regulated by more than one enzymatic step in Rana perezi."	( Melatonin synthesis in the greenfrog retina in culture: II. Dopaminergic and adrenergic control. Alonso-Bedate, M; Alonso-Gómez, AL; Delgado, MJ; Valenciano, AI, 2000)	2.47
"Melatonin is a hormone with powerful effects on behavior particularly circadian and sleep behavior."	( Melatonin, sleep, and circadian rhythm disorders. Kayumov, L; Shapiro, CM; Zhdanova, IV, 2000)	2.47
"Melatonin is a powerful scavenger of oxygen free radicals. "	( Melatonin increases activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in fetal rat brain. Kaneda, C; Okatani, Y; Wakatsuki, A, 2000)	3.19
"Melatonin (MLT) is a main synchronizer of the sleep/wake cycle, playing a role of transduction to brain functioning of informations about periodical environmental changes, i.e."	( Melatonin add-on in manic patients with treatment resistant insomnia. Bersani, G; Garavini, A, 2000)	2.47
"Melatonin is an endogenous sleep promoter in humans."	( Melatonin improves sleep quality of patients with chronic schizophrenia. Anis, Y; Barak, Y; Elizur, A; Laudon, M; Rotenberg, V; Shamir, E; Zisapel, N, 2000)	2.47
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland."	( Circadian rhythm abnormalities of melatonin in Smith-Magenis syndrome. Glaze, D; Kashork, CD; Lupski, JR; Park, SS; Potocki, L; Reiter, RJ; Shaffer, LG; Tan, DX, 2000)	1.31
"Melatonin is a neurohormone produced by the pineal gland. "	( [The role of melatonin in the molecular mechanism of weak, static and extremely low frequency (50 Hz) magnetic fields (ELF)]. Jajte, J; Zmyślony, M, 2000)	2.12
"Melatonin is a main neurohormone of the pineal gland. "	( The effect of melatonin on liver superoxide dismutase activity, serum nitrate and thyroid hormone levels. Coşkun, S; Erbaş, D; Hasanoglu, E; Ozturk, G, 2000)	2.11
"Melatonin is a very effective antioxidant agent. "	( Comparison of the effects of melatonin and methylprednisolone in experimental spinal cord injury. Demirpençe, E; Kaptanoglu, E; Kilinç, K; Konan, A; Palaoglu, S; Tuncel, M, 2000)	2.04
"Melatonin is a potent endogenous free radical scavenger, actions that are independent of its many receptor-mediated effects. "	( Significance of melatonin in antioxidative defense system: reactions and products. Calvo, JR; Karbownik, M; Manchester, LC; Qi, WB; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, )	1.92
"The melatonin is a safe and worth drug in sleep rhythm disorders in patients after cerebral stroke."	( [Melatonin in sleep rhythm disorders after cerebral stroke]. Domzał, TM; Kaca-Oryńska, M; Zaleski, P, 2000)	1.7
"Melatonin is a well-tolerated, safe, relatively inexpensive, and effective drug, with minimal side effects, for the treatment of severe circadian rhythm sleep disorder in handicapped children."	( Melatonin for the treatment of handicapped children with severe sleep disorders. Jan, MM, 2000)	2.47
"Melatonin, which is an indole-amine produced by the pineal gland and other organs, has antioxidant properties."	( Nitrosation of melatonin by nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. Blanchard, B; Ducrocq, C; Pompon, D, 2000)	1.38
"Melatonin is a hormone mainly secreted by the pineal gland during the dark phase of the light-dark cycle. "	( [Melatonin. I. Physiology of its secretion]. Bruls, E; Crasson, M; Legros, JJ, 2000)	2.66
"Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that affects the immune response mechanism."	( The influence of different concentrations of melatonin on the cell surface hydrophobic characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis. Augustin, MC; Liébana, J; Molina, A; Muñoz, A; Uberos, J, 2000)	1.29
"Melatonin is a well known antioxidant and free radical scavenger."	( Melatonin reduces phenylhydrazine-induced oxidative damage to cellular membranes: evidence for the involvement of iron. Garcia, JJ; Karbownik, M; Reiter, RJ; Tan, D, 2000)	2.47
"Melatonin is an indoleamine hormone that is synthesized from tryptophan via 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin and N-acetylserotonin in the vertebrate pineal gland. "	( Separation and assay methods for melatonin and its precursors. Harumi, T; Matsushima, S, 2000)	2.03
"Melatonin is a hormone mainly secreted by the pineal gland during the dark phase of the light-dark cycle. "	( [Melatonin. II. Physiological and therapeutic effects]. Bruls, E; Crasson, M; Legros, JJ; Van Reeth, O, 2000)	2.66
"Melatonin is a powerful bioantioxidant, capable to be dissolved in water and lipids, runs through membranes and barriers, accumulates in cell nuclei and protects DNA from oxidative stress."	( [Antioxidant and biological activity of melatonin]. Baraboĭ, VA, )	1.12
"Melatonin is a hormone synthesized in the pineal gland from tryptophan. "	( Melatonin and climactery. Carranza-Lira, S; García López, F, )	3.02
"Melatonin is a small amino acid derivative hormone of the pineal gland. "	( Multiple binding sites for melatonin on Kv1.3. Csécsei, G; Damjanovich, S; Gáspár, R; Panyi, G; Péter, M; Pieri, C; Varga, Z, 2001)	2.05
"Melatonin is a well-known antioxidant, free radical scavenger and oncostatic agent."	( Comparison of the protective effect of melatonin with other antioxidants in the hamster kidney model of estradiol-induced DNA damage. Cabrera, J; Garcia, JJ; Karbownik, M; Reiter, RJ, 2001)	1.3
"Melatonin is a pineal hormone that plays a central part in regulating bodily rhythms and has been used as a drug to re-align them with the outside world."	( Melatonin for preventing and treating jet lag. Herxheimer, A; Petrie, KJ, 2001)	2.47
"Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland and that affects the response of various cell membranes to an oxidative stimulus."	( Comparative study of the influence of melatonin and vitamin E on the surface characteristics of Escherichia coli. Augustin, C; Liébana, J; Molina, A; Muñoz-Hoyos, A; Uberos, J, 2001)	2.02
"Melatonin is an endocrine factor known to affect a number of physiological functions. "	( The neuroprotective and antiapoptotic effects of melatonin in cerebellar neurons involve glucocorticoid receptor and p130 signal pathways. Persengiev, SP, 2001)	2.01
"Melatonin is a hormone with multiple functions in humans, produced by the pineal gland and stimulated by beta-adrenergic receptors. "	( Melatonin reduces X-ray irradiation-induced oxidative damages in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Kim, BC; Kim, SP; Lee, KS; Ryoo, YW; Shon, BS, 2001)	3.2
"Melatonin is a hormone produced mainly by the pineal gland and secreted primarily at night, when it reaches levels 10 times higher than those present in the daytime. "	( Human aging and melatonin. Clinical relevance. Touitou, Y, 2001)	2.1
"If melatonin functions as a thyroid antagonist at later metamorphic stages, administration of melatonin should decrease plasma T(4), whereas if T(4) causes the decline in plasma melatonin, T(4) treatment of tadpoles prior to climax should induce the climactic melatonin decrease prematurely."	( The decrease in plasma melatonin at metamorphic climax in Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog) tadpoles is induced by thyroxine. Alves, CD; Wright, ML, 2001)	1.14
"Melatonin is a well-known antioxidant, free radical scavenger, and oncostatic agent."	( Melatonin attenuates estradiol-induced oxidative damage to DNA: relevance for cancer prevention. Burkhardt, S; Gitto, E; Karbownik, M; Lewiñski, A; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2001)	2.47
"Melatonin is a hormone that is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 to its main primary metabolite 6-hydroxymelatonin. "	( Orally given melatonin may serve as a probe drug for cytochrome P450 1A2 activity in vivo: a pilot study. Bertilsson, L; Christensen, M; Härtter, S; Morita, S; Röjdmark, S; Tybring, G; Ursing, C; von Bahr, C, 2001)	2.12
"Melatonin is an output signal of an endogenous circadian clock of retinal photoreceptors, with highest levels occurring at night. "	( Melatonin receptor RNA is expressed in photoreceptors and displays a diurnal rhythm in Xenopus retina. Smith, AR; Wiechmann, AF, 2001)	3.2
"Melatonin is a pineal hormone that regulates seasonal reproduction and has been used to treat circadian rhythm disorders. "	( Regulation of melatonin 1a receptor signaling and trafficking by asparagine-124. Allen, CN; Fuchs, NK; Gompf, HS; Ikeda, M; Nelson, CS; Neve, KA; Robinson, ML; Yoshioka, T, 2001)	2.11
"Melatonin is an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger."	( Induction of lipid peroxidation in hamster organs by the carcinogen cadmium: melioration by melatonin. Gitto, E; Karbownik, M; Lewinski, A; Reiter, RJ, 2001)	1.25
"Melatonin (Mel) is a potent antioxidant agent that could be useful in attempting to reduce CsA toxicity."	( Melatonin antagonises the cyclosporine A immunosuppressive effects in rat thymuses. Bianchi, R; Rezzani, R; Rodella, L, 2001)	2.47
"Melatonin is a good candidate for transdermal delivery considering its short plasma half life, low molecular weight and a favorable octanol:water partition coefficient. "	( Evaluation of skin sensitization potential of melatonin and nimesulide by murine local lymph node assay. Jackson, T; Kanikkannan, N; Shaik, MS; Singh, M, 2001)	2.01
"Melatonin is a hormone with multiple functions in humans, produced by the pineal gland and stimulated by beta-adrenergic receptors."	( The effects of the melatonin on ultraviolet-B irradiated cultured dermal fibroblasts. Kim, BC; Lee, KS; Mun, KC; Ryoo, YW; Suh, SI, 2001)	1.36
"Melatonin (MT) is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that plays an important role in the regulation of the circadian sleep-wake cycle. "	( Comparison of the effect of fatty alcohols on the permeation of melatonin between porcine and human skin. Andega, S; Kanikkannan, N; Singh, M, 2001)	1.99
"Melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant."	( Effect of chronic treatment of melatonin on learning, memory and oxidative deficiencies induced by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin in rats. Gupta, YK; Sharma, M, )	1.14
"Melatonin acts as a hypotensive factor and the effects are mainly due to activation of ML1 receptors in rat brain, and the AHA may be one of the important central areas where melatonin can exert modulatory effects on BP and HR."	( Effects of microinjection of melatonin and its receptor antagonists into anterior hypothalamic area on blood pressure and heart rate in rats. Cao, YX; Ding, CN; Fei, MY; Shen, ZY; Yu, P; Zhou, L; Zhu, DN, 2001)	2.04
"Melatonin is a pineal hormone involved in neuroendocrine processes in mammals. "	( Melatonin mt1 and MT2 receptors stimulate c-Jun N-terminal kinase via pertussis toxin-sensitive and -insensitive G proteins. Chan, AS; Lai, FP; Lo, RK; Stanbridge, EJ; Voyno-Yasenetskaya, TA; Wong, YH, 2002)	3.2
"Melatonin is a hormone and antioxidant produced by the pineal gland of which four neurobiological roles have been claimed in the aged population: anti-ageing agent; free-radical scavenger; regulator of circadian rhythm; endogeneous sleep-inducer. "	( Melatonin in elderly patients with insomnia. A systematic review. Olde Rikkert, MG; Rigaud, AS, 2001)	3.2
"Melatonin was found to be a potent free radical scavenger in 1993. "	( Chemical and physical properties and potential mechanisms: melatonin as a broad spectrum antioxidant and free radical scavenger. Allegra, M; El-Sawi, M; Hardeland, R; Kohen, R; Manchester, LC; Mayo, JC; Reiter, RJ; Sainz, RM; Tan, DX; Yan, MT, 2002)	2
"Melatonin is an indole hormone that is produced by the pineal gland, mainly at night, with a peak around 3.00 a.m. "	( [Melatonin and circadian rhythm]. Borson-Chazot, F; Brun, J; Claustrat, B, 2001)	2.66
"Melatonin profiles are a diagnostic tool to distinguish between several forms of depression, like major depression, winter depression (SAD), unipolar depression, delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS)."	( Melatonin deficiencies in women. Herold, J; Rohr, UD, 2002)	2.48
"Melatonin is a component of the antioxidant defense system since it has radical scavenging and antioxidant activities. "	( Daily rhythm of glutathione peroxidase activity, lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels in tissues of pinealectomized rats. Baydas, G; Canatan, H; Canpolat, S; Cikim, G; Gursu, MF; Yasar, A; Yilmaz, S, 2002)	1.76
"Melatonin is a hormone that plays an important role in adjusting the biological clock in humans and that regulates secretion of various other hormones. "	( Perioperative melatonin secretion in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Charman, SC; Guo, X; Kuzumi, E; Vuylsteke, A, 2002)	2.12
"Melatonin is a highly ubiquitous direct free radical scavenger and indirect antioxidant."	( Melatonin: reducing molecular pathology and dysfunction due to free radicals and associated reactants. Allegra, M; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2002)	2.48
"Melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger."	( Melatonin and aging. Karasek, M; Reiter, RJ, 2002)	2.48
"Melatonin is a potent scavenger of free radicals and an indirect antioxidant. "	( Pretreatment with melatonin reduces volume of cerebral infarction in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model. Cheung, RT; Pang, SF; Pei, Z, 2002)	2.09
"Melatonin is a pineal hormone that plays a central part in regulating bodily rhythms and has been used as a drug to re-align them with the outside world."	( Melatonin for the prevention and treatment of jet lag. Herxheimer, A; Petrie, KJ, 2002)	2.48
"Melatonin is a promising treatment alternative for serious sleep problems in blind children."	( [Melatonin treatment of a blind child with serious sleep disorders]. Loge, JH; Ramstad, K, 2002)	2.67
"Melatonin is an indolamine hormone synthesized in the retina and pineal gland. "	( Melatonin increases photoreceptor susceptibility to light-induced damage. O'Steen, WK; Wiechmann, AF, 1992)	3.17
"Melatonin might prove to be a natural oncostatic agent of practical value in cancer prevention."	( Breast cancer, blindness and melatonin. Coleman, MP; Reiter, RJ, 1992)	1.3
"Melatonin is a major endocrine product of the pineal gland. "	( Plasma melatonin levels in affective states. Burrows, GD; Judd, FK; Marriott, PM; McIntyre, IM; Norman, TR, 1989)	2.17
"Melatonin is an indolamine synthesized from tryptophan in the pineal gland. "	( [Melatonin]. Fevre-Montange, M, 1985)	2.62
"The melatonin signal acts as an interval timer."	( Melatonin and the brain in photoperiodic mammals. Hastings, MH; Herbert, J; Martensz, ND; Roberts, AC, 1985)	2.19
"Melatonin is a metabolite of serotonin and hence melatonin receptors may be T2 or rT3 based as well."	( Di-iodothyronine as part of the oestradiol and catechol oestrogen receptor--the role of iodine, thyroid hormones and melatonin in the aetiology of breast cancer. Clur, A, 1988)	1.21
"125I-melatonin promises to be a useful tool for understanding the sites and mechanism of action of melatonin."	( Iodinated melatonin mimics melatonin action and reveals discrete binding sites in fetal brain. Namboodiri, MA; Reppert, SM; Weaver, DR, 1988)	1.13
"Melatonin production is an index, not of general sympathetic activity, but of the activity in a specific pathway and provides a stable humoral signal reflecting light/dark exposure."	( Human melatonin in physiologic and diseased states: neural control of the rhythm. Vaughan, GM, 1986)	1.47
"Melatonin is a hormone secreted at night, in the dark, by the human pineal organ. "	( Possible behavioral consequences of light-induced changes in melatonin availability. Garfield, G; Lieberman, HR; Lynch, HJ; Waldhauser, F; Wurtman, RJ, 1985)	1.95

Effects

Melatonin has a key role in the circadian rhythm relay to periphery organs. Melatonin has an inhibitory effect on preeclampsia (PE) Melatonin plays a role in cell survival signaling pathways as a candidate for secondary stroke prevention.

Melatonin has been widely used for the management of insomnia, but is devoid of antidepressant effect in the clinic. Melatonin has also anti-inflammatory properties similar to SMT, as well as anti-oxidant properties.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Melatonin has a key role in the circadian rhythm relay to periphery organs. "	( New selective ligands of human cloned melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors. Amossé, C; Audinot, V; Bonnaud, A; Boutin, JA; Delagrange, P; Dromaint, S; Galizzi, JP; Guillaumet, G; Lahaye-Brasseur, C; Le Gall, A; Lefoulon, F; Lesieur, D; Mailliet, F; Malpaux, B; Nagel, N; Renard, P; Rodriguez, M, 2003)	2.03
"Melatonin has an inhibitory effect on preeclampsia (PE). "	( Melatonin regulates trophoblast pyroptosis, invasion and migration in preeclampsia by inhibiting HtrA1 transcription through the microRNA-520c-3p/SETD7 axis. Chang, J; Chen, B; Feng, L; Liu, Z; Zhao, X, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin has a role in the cell survival signaling pathways as a candidate for secondary stroke prevention. "	( Delayed Therapeutic Administration of Melatonin Enhances Neuronal Survival Through AKT and MAPK Signaling Pathways Following Focal Brain Ischemia in Mice. Altug-Tasa, B; Beker, M; Beker, MC; Caglayan, AB; Elibol, B; Kilic, E; Kilic, U; Uysal, O; Yilmaz, B, 2022)	2.44
"Melatonin has a protective effect not only on the brain, by attenuating its injury, but on extracranial organs, including the heart."	( Melatonin and the Brain-Heart Crosstalk in Neurocritically Ill Patients-From Molecular Action to Clinical Practice. Bekała, A; Bielacz, M; Biernawska, J; Bohatyrewicz, R; Dabrowski, W; Jaroszyński, A; Kotfis, K; Płotek, W; Siwicka-Gieroba, D; Sołek-Pastuszka, J, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin has a substantial protective effect against female reproductive toxicity."	( Melatonin attenuates di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced apoptosis of human granulosa cells by inhibiting mitochondrial fission. Cao, Y; Li, S; Wei, Z; Xue, R; Zhang, Z, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin has a high safety profile, but it needs further clinical trials and experiments for use as a therapeutic agent against the Omicron variant of COVID-19."	( Potential Therapeutic Approach of Melatonin against Omicron and Some Other Variants of SARS-CoV-2. Begum, R; Lucy, TT; Mamun-Or-Rashid, ANM; Mukerjee, N; Pramanik, MK; Sil, BK; Tagde, P; Yagi, M; Yonei, Y, 2022)	1.72
"Melatonin has a certain effect on relieving sleep disturbances in children with ASD, which can shorten sleep latency, reduce the number of awakenings, and prolong total sleep time. "	( Efficacy of Melatonin for Insomnia in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis. He, R; Li, F; Li, W; Liu, Z; Shen, H; Wei, L; Xie, X; Xiong, M, 2023)	2.73
"Melatonin has a protective effect against heavy metal stress in plants by immobilizing HM in cell walls and sequestering them in root cell vacuoles, reducing HM's translocation from roots to shoots. "	( Deciphering the melatonin-mediated response and signalling in the regulation of heavy metal stress in plants. Adavi, S; Ahmed, P; Altaf, MA; Bairwa, RK; Dey, A; Gopalakrishnan, AV; Jena, R; Kumar, A; Kumar, R; Lal, MK; Mandal, S; Sharma, N; Srivastava, D; Tiwari, RK, 2023)	2.7
"Melatonin has a variety of biological effects, including inhibition of tumor metastasis, stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques, and the regulation of seasonal reproductive rhythms, etc."	( Role of melatonin in controlling angiogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions. Chen, Y; Ma, Q; Reiter, RJ, 2020)	1.71
"Melatonin has a significant protective effect on spermatogenesis after testicular torsion by regulating the expressions of apoptosis-related genes and increasing T-AOC in the testis tissue."	( [Effects of melatonin on oxidative stress and apoptosis-related gene signaling pathways following testicular torsion in rats]. Bai, PM; Huang, DP; Liu, ZM; Zhu, WP, 2019)	2.34
"Melatonin has a concentration‑dependent dual effect on osteoblast proliferation, in which higher concentrations can inhibit osteoblast proliferation and induce apoptosis; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear."	( Relationship between autophagy, apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by melatonin in osteoblasts by septin7 expression. Cui, C; Gong, Z; Lin, T; Zhu, Y, 2020)	1.5
"Melatonin has a powerful antioxidant and oncostatic effects that are expected to improve tumor hypoxia and clinical response."	( Effect of melatonin supplementation in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy to miR-210 and CD44 expression and clinical response improvement in locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma: a randomized controlled trial. Abdullah, M; Haryana, SM; Jusman, SW; Kartini, D; Maruli, H; Panigoro, SS; Purwanto, DJ; Rustamadji, P; Setiabudy, R; Siregar, BH; Sungkar, S; Suroyo, I; Sutandyo, N; Taher, A, 2020)	1.68
"Melatonin has an important protective and regulatory role in these cells."	( Melatonin promotes male reproductive performance and increases testosterone synthesis in mammalian Leydig cells†. Cao, L; Fu, Y; Gao, Y; Guan, S; Ji, P; Li, G; Lian, Z; Liu, G; Liu, J; Lv, D; Tao, J; Wang, J; Wu, H; Yang, M; Zhang, L; Zhu, K, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin (MET) has an anti-radiation effect, but its metabolic period in the body is short."	( Protective effect of melatonin entrapped PLGA nanoparticles on radiation-induced lung injury through the miR-21/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Gao, J; Hao, Y; He, Y; Li, J; Lu, B; Ran, Y; Shu, C; Wang, S; Zhang, X; Zhao, Y, 2021)	1.66
"Melatonin (MT) has a good analgesic effect in many diseases, including fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain, chronic headache, and burn pain, with very low acute toxicity and side effects."	( Melatonin Abates TMJOA Chronic Pain by MT Feng, Y; Hu, S; Jiang, H; Ke, J; Li, H; Liu, W; Liu, X; Long, X, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin has a well-documented efficacy in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and low back pain. "	( Melatonin Alleviates Radiculopathy Against Apoptosis and NLRP3 Inflammasomes Via the Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy Pathway. Chen, Z; Jiang, J; Ma, X; Wang, H; Xia, X; Xie, L; Zhao, Z; Zheng, C, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin has a myriad of immune functions, and we hypothesised that this therapeutic agent could modulate the innate immune system in this cohort."	( Melatonin as an immunomodulator in children with Down syndrome. Balfe, J; Doherty, DG; Fallah, L; Gallagher, E; Huggard, D; Kelly, L; Lagan, N; McGrane, F; Molloy, EJ; Roche, E; Worrall, A; Yoo, LL, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin has a significant inhibitory effect on various cancers, especially on breast cancer. "	( [Inhibitory effects of melatonin on breast cancer]. Jiang, Z; Ma, F, 2017)	2.21
"Melatonin has a favorable effect in ameliorating MI/R injury."	( Melatonin ameliorates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury through SIRT3-dependent regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Duan, W; Gao, E; Jin, Z; Jing, L; Li, B; Liang, H; Liu, Z; Ren, K; Yang, Y; Yu, B; Yu, L; Yu, S; Zhai, M; Zhang, B; Zhang, M, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin has a protective role in adults with cardiovascular disease, but the effects of melatonin in children with cardiac dysfunction are not well understood. "	( Serum levels of melatonin may contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure in children with median age of 1 year. Luo, L; Si, F; Wu, Y; Yi, Q, )	1.92
"Melatonin has a wide range of actions, from scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) to regulating gene expression, and it can also act by way of melatonin receptors."	( Effects of melatonin on oocyte developmental competence and the role of melatonin receptor 1 in juvenile goats. Catalá, MG; Izquierdo, D; Menéndez-Blanco, I; Paramio, MT; Piras, AR; Roura, M; Soto-Heras, S, 2019)	1.63
"Melatonin has a potential therapeutic value in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disease that is associated with a dramatic decline in memory and cognitive abilities. "	( Melatonin protective effect against amyloid β-induced neurotoxicity mediated by mitochondrial biogenesis; involvement of hippocampal Sirtuin-1 signaling pathway. Ansari Dezfouli, M; Farahmandfar, M; Khodagholi, F; Zahmatkesh, M, 2019)	3.4
"Melatonin has a wide variety of beneficial actions at the level of the gonads and their adnexa. "	( Peripheral reproductive organ health and melatonin: ready for prime time. Manchester, LC; Reiter, RJ; Rosales-Corral, SA; Tan, DX, 2013)	2.1
"Melatonin has a known influence on the sleep and wake rhythm."	( Melatonin and omentin: influence factors in the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome? Brzozowski, T; Fuchs, FS; Hildner, KM; Konturek, PC; Neurath, MF; Targosz, A; Zirlik, S, 2013)	2.55
"Melatonin (Mel) has a very potent antioxidant activity, depending mainly on its capacity to act as an electron donor. "	( The effect of melatonin on a dorsal skin flap model. Akdemır, O; Ates, U; Bılkay, U; Demırel Sezer, E; Kerem, H; Songur, E; Sozmen, E; Turgut, M; Uyanıkgıl, Y, 2014)	2.21
"Melatonin has an important anti-aging role in plant physiology. "	( Delay in leaf senescence of Malus hupehensis by long-term melatonin application is associated with its regulation of metabolic status and protein degradation. Chang, C; Cheng, L; Feng, F; Liang, D; Ma, F; Sun, X; Wang, P, 2013)	2.08
"Melatonin has a wide range of pharmacologically effective concentration levels from the nanomolar to millimolar levels."	( Melatonin inhibits voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) channel-mediated neurotransmitter release. Choi, SY; Choi, TY; Durrance, ES; Jo, SH; Kim, KT; Kwon, JE, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin has a dose dependent protective effect on the structural alterations of proximal tubules of the kidney induced by gentamicin."	( A histological study of the effect of exogenous melatonin on gentamicin induced structural alterations of proximal tubules in rats. Ćosović, E; Kapić, D; Mornjaković, Z; Šahinović, M, 2014)	1.38
"Melatonin treatment has an extremely wide margin of safety though it may cause minor adverse effects, such as headache, rash and nightmares."	( Melatonin for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Ho, KY; Siah, KT; Wong, RK, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin has a protective effect on the heart against adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats."	( Protective effect of melatonin on adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Aydın, D; Aygün, H; Bilginoğlu, A; Ozsoy, S, 2014)	2.16
"Melatonin has a number of beneficial metabolic actions and reduced levels of melatonin may contribute to type 2 diabetes. "	( Melatonin prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscle. Akira Uyemura, S; Alberici, LC; Amaral, FG; Araújo, MB; Baraldi, FG; Bomfim, LH; Carneiro, EM; Cipolla-Neto, J; Gomis, R; Lima, T; Passos, MA; Queiroz, AL; Sampaio, IH; Silveira, LR; Teodoro, BG; Vieira, E, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin has a cellular protective effect in cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. "	( The beneficial effect of melatonin in brain endothelial cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion-induced injury. Kang, SM; Lee, JE; Lee, KM; Lee, WT; Park, KA; Song, J, 2014)	2.15
"Melatonin also has a favorable safety and tolerability profile over clonazepam with limited potential for drug-drug interactions, an important consideration especially in elderly individuals with RBD receiving polypharmacy."	( Melatonin therapy for REM sleep behavior disorder: a critical review of evidence. Boeve, BF; Leung, JG; McGrane, IR; St Louis, EK, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin has a remarkable functional versatility, being associated with important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects."	( Immunoregulatory actions of melatonin and zinc during chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Azevedo, AP; Brazão, V; de Morais, FR; do Prado, JC; Filipin, Mdel V; Santello, FH; Toldo, MP, 2015)	1.43
"Melatonin has a variety of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects."	( Melatonin and endoplasmic reticulum stress: relation to autophagy and apoptosis. Fernández, A; González-Gallego, J; Mauriz, JL; Ordóñez, R; Reiter, RJ, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin has a remarkable array of means by which it thwarts oxidative damage."	( Melatonin: an ancient molecule that makes oxygen metabolically tolerable. Andersen, LP; Boga, JA; Coto-Montes, A; Galano, A; Manchester, LC; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX; Vriend, J; Zhou, Z, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin has a direct hypotensive effect."	( Daily Melatonin Administration Attenuates Age-Dependent Disturbances of Cardiovascular Rhythms. Gapon, LI; Gubin, DG; Gubin, GD; Weinert, D, 2016)	1.64
"Melatonin has a central role in the modulation of oxidative stress pathways."	( Evidence for possible role of melatonin in reducing oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis through its effect on SIRT1 and antioxidant enzymes. Ansari, M; Askarisadr, F; Emamgholipour, S; Hossein-Nezhad, A; Sahraian, MA, 2016)	1.44
"Melatonin has a wide range of physiological functions and is currently under clinical investigation for expanded applications; moreover, extensive protective effects on the cardiovascular system have been reported."	( Melatonin reverses flow shear stress-induced injury in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling. Deng, C; Di, S; Fan, C; Hu, W; Jiang, S; Jin, Z; Ma, Z; Qin, Z; Sun, Y; Yan, X; Yang, Y; Yi, W; Zhang, Y; Zhao, L, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin has an antioxidant effect, which protects against a number of free radical species."	( Protective effects of melatonin and selenium against apoptosis of olfactory sensory neurons: A rat model study. Aksakal, C; Cayli, S; Koc, S; Ocakli, S; Somuk, BT; Soyalic, H; Yüce, S, 2016)	1.47
"Melatonin has a beneficial role in adult rat models of multiple sclerosis (MS). "	( Melatonin exacerbates acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by enhancing the serum levels of lactate: A potential biomarker of multiple sclerosis progression. Dokoohaki, S; Farhadi, N; Ghanbari, A; Ghareghani, M; Ghavamizadeh, M; Khodadoust, S; Parishani, M; Sadeghi, H; Zibara, K, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin rhythm, which has an important role in this pattern, is disturbed."	( Effects of nocturnal hemodialysis on melatonin rhythm and sleep-wake behavior: an uncontrolled trial. Boringa, JB; Hagen, EC; Kerkhof, GA; Koch, BC; Nagtegaal, JE; Ter Wee, PM, 2009)	1.35
"Melatonin has a potential as a direct free radical scavenger and protects against cell death caused by MA."	( Melatonin reduces induction of Bax, caspase and cell death in methamphetamine-treated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cultured cells. Chetsawang, B; Govitrapong, P; Phansuwan-Pujito, P; Wisessmith, W, 2009)	2.52
"As melatonin has a major role in the regulation of sleep and other cyclical bodily activities and its synthesis is directly regulated by the SCN, we postulated that disturbed SCN function is likely to give rise to abnormal melatonin secretion in HD."	( Delayed onset of the diurnal melatonin rise in patients with Huntington's disease. Aziz, NA; Frölich, M; Pijl, H; Roelfsema, F; Roos, RA; Schröder-van der Elst, JP; van der Bent, C, 2009)	1.16
"Melatonin has a capacity to improve disturbances in biological rhythms."	( Effect of rhythmic melatonin administration on clock gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the heart of hypertensive TGR(mRen2)27 rats. Herichová, I; Mravec, B; Stebelová, K; Szántóová, K; Zeman, M, 2009)	1.4
"Melatonin has a protective effect on the RPE against oxidative damage induced by H2O2. "	( [Protective effects of melatonin on cultural human retinal pigment epithelial cells against oxidative damage in vitro]. Feng, YL; Fu, LX; Guo, J; Xiao, ZY; Xie, MS; Xu, GX, 2009)	2.11
"Melatonin has a promising role as an analgesic drug that could be used for alleviating pain associated with cancer, headache or surgical procedures."	( Potential use of melatonergic drugs in analgesia: mechanisms of action. Brown, GM; Cardinali, DP; Moscovitch, A; Pandi-Perumal, SR; Spence, DW; Srinivasan, V; Trakht, I, 2010)	1.08
"Melatonin has an important role in the aging process as a potential drug to relieve oxidative damage, a likely cause of age-associated brain dysfunction. "	( Chronic melatonin treatment and its precursor L-tryptophan improve the monoaminergic neurotransmission and related behavior in the aged rat brain. Aparicio, S; Barceló, P; Esteban, S; Fiol, MA; Garau, C; Moranta, D; Rial, R, 2010)	2.24
"Melatonin has a role in the improvement of Gastro-esophageal reflux disease when used alone or in combination with omeprazole. "	( The potential therapeutic effect of melatonin in Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease. Abbas, AM; El-Gendy, AA; Kandil, TS; Mousa, AA, 2010)	2.08
"Melatonin has a protective role in type 2 diabetes; however, its synthesis itself is affected in the disease."	( Adrenoceptor expression and diurnal rhythms of melatonin and its precursors in the pineal gland of type 2 diabetic goto-kakizaki rats. Bach, AG; Mühlbauer, E; Peschke, E, 2010)	1.34
"Melatonin has a variety of therapeutic effects, such as immunomodulatory actions, anti-inflammatory effects, and antioxidant actions."	( MicroRNA and gene expression analysis of melatonin-exposed human breast cancer cell lines indicating involvement of the anticancer effect. Hwang, SY; Kim, SJ; Lee, SE; Park, CS; Park, YS; Youn, JP, 2011)	1.36
"Melatonin (C₁₃H₁₆N₂O₂) has a wide range of functions in the body. "	( Quantitative calculation of human melatonin suppression induced by inappropriate light at night. He, Z; Meng, Y; Yin, J; Zhang, T; Zhang, Y, 2011)	2.09
"Melatonin has a major role in control of circadian rhythm and sleep regulation and other effects on the immune system, neuroprotection, and oxidant/anti-oxidant activity."	( Potential use of melatonin in sleep and delirium in the critically ill. Bellapart, J; Boots, R, 2012)	1.44
"Melatonin has a key role in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle, so this raised the hypothesis that alterations in the metabolism of melatonin might play an important role in the development of delirium."	( [Delirium, insomnia in hospitalization and ramelteon]. Ito, T, 2012)	1.1
"Melatonin has a partial protective effect on RPE cells against H(2)O(2) damage across a wide range of concentrations (10(-10)-10(-4) M). "	( Effects of melatonin and its receptor antagonist on retinal pigment epithelial cells against hydrogen peroxide damage. Chen, M; Hu, DN; McCormick, SA; Roberts, JE; Rosen, RB; Walsh, J, 2012)	2.21
"Melatonin (MLT) has a significant role in mammalian reproduction, with little or no effect in birds. "	( The effect of melatonin administration on circulating plasma luteinizing hormone concentration in castrated White Leghorn roosters. Aharony, T; Rozenboim, I; Yahav, S, 2002)	2.12
"Melatonin has a protective effect on colonic injury induced by both acetic acid and TNBS enemas, which is probably via a mechanism of local inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression in colonic mucosa."	( Effects of melatonin on the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in rat models of colitis. Dong, WG; Mei, Q; Xiang, L; Xu, JM; Xu, Y; Yu, JP, 2003)	2.15
"Melatonin has a direct inhibitory effect on the basal and oestradiol-stimulated mitotic activity of primary spermatogonia in the testis of the frog, Rana esculenta. "	( Inhibition of the basal and oestradiol-stimulated mitotic activity of primary spermatogonia by melatonin in the testis of the frog, Rana esculenta, in vivo and in vitro. d'Istria, M; Izzo, G; Minucci, S; Palmiero, C; Serino, I, 2003)	1.98
"Melatonin which has a highly lipophilic molecular structure facilitating penetration of cell membranes and serving as an extra- and intracellular free radical scavenger has been demonstrated to protect photodamage of skin affected by UV exposure."	( Melatonin reduces ultraviolet-B induced cell damages and polyamine levels in human skin fibroblasts in culture. Kim, BC; Kim, SP; Lee, KS; Lee, SR; Lee, WS; Ryoo, YW; Suh, SI, 2003)	2.48
"Melatonin has a general inhibitory effect on the reproductive system and thyroid functions. "	( The effect of intraperitoneal melatonin supplementation on the release of thyroid hormones and testosterone in rats with hyperthyroid. Baltaci, AK; Mogulkoc, R, 2003)	2.05
"Melatonin has a protective effect on hepatocyte oxidative metabolism, improving mitochondrial function by counteracting oxidative stress."	( Melatonin protects from, but does not reverse, the effects of mediators of sepsis on liver bioenergetics. Basile, M; Eaton, S; Gitto, E; Pierro, A; Romeo, C; Spitz, L, 2004)	3.21
"Melatonin (MEL) has an antioxidant effect and has free-radical scavenger properties."	( Protective role of melatonin in ochratoxin a toxicity in rat heart and lung. Aydin, G; Okutan, H; Ozcelik, N, )	1.18
"Melatonin has a protective effect against I/R injury in skeletal muscle and may reduce the incidence of compartment syndrome, especially after acute or chronic peripheral arterial occlusions."	( Melatonin protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle. Ercan, F; Erkanli, G; Erkanli, K; Kayalar, N; Kirali, K; Sener, G, 2005)	2.49
"Melatonin has an ameliorating effect on oxidative stress-induced renal tubular damage via its anti-oxidant properties."	( Melatonin reduces urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, albumin and renal oxidative markers in diabetic rats. Dündar, B; Oktem, F; Ozguner, F; Uz, E; Yilmaz, HR, )	2.3
"Melatonin has a variety of functions in human physiology and is involved in a number of pathological events including neoplastic processes. "	( Melatonin cytotoxicity in human leukemia cells: relation with its pro-oxidant effect. Buck, S; Büyükavci, M; Ozdemir, O; Ravindranath, Y; Savaşan, S; Stout, M, 2006)	3.22
"Melatonin has a number of physiological functions in addition to light-dark transduction. "	( Effects of melatonin administration on oxidative stress and daily locomotor activity patterns in goldfish. Bayarri, MJ; López-Olmeda, JF; Madrid, JA; Rol de Lama, MA; Sánchez-Vázquez, FJ, 2006)	2.17
"Melatonin has a role in blood pressure regulation."	( Melatonin as a potential antihypertensive treatment. Paulis, L; Simko, F, 2007)	2.5
"Melatonin has a protective effect on bacterial translocation and apoptosis."	( Melatonin reduces bacterial translocation and apoptosis in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis of rats. Akcan, A; Akgun, H; Akyildiz, H; Aritas, Y; Esel, D; Kucuk, C; Muhtaroglu, S; Sozuer, E, 2008)	3.23
"The melatonin rhythm has an acrophase of about -30 degrees."	( Influence of lithium salts on chick pineal gland melatonin secretion. Agapito, MT; Pablos, MI; Recio, JM; Santaolaya, MJ, 1994)	1.02
"Melatonin, in turn, has a protective effect on breast cancer in experimental animals."	( Breast cancer and electric power. Stevens, RG, 1993)	1.01
"Melatonin has a diverse range of physiological effects in humans. "	( Integrating the actions of melatonin on human physiology. Dawson, D; van den Heuvel, CJ, 1998)	2.04
"Melatonin has an immunostimulative function and an antiapoptotic effect."	( [Melatonin in palate tonsils with recurrent acute tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy]. Ceballo Pedraja, JM; Delgado Moreno, F; Guerrero, JM; López González, MA, )	1.76
"Melatonin has a strong circadian rhythm with high values during the night-time and low values in the afternoon."	( Afternoon serum-melatonin in sleep disordered breathing. Micic, S; Strøm, J; Ulfberg, J, 1998)	1.37
"Melatonin has a mild sedative effect and has been used effectively in synchronizing the sleep-wake cycle of patients with sleep disorders."	( Melatonin: a chemical photoperiodic signal with clinical significance in humans. Lee, PP; Liu, ZM; Pang, CS; Pang, SF; Poon, AM; Shiu, SY, 1998)	2.46
"Melatonin, which has a methoxy group in the 5-position and an acetyl side chain, exhibited the most potent scavenging activity among the compounds tested."	( Melatonin and its precursors scavenge nitric oxide. Liburdy, R; Mori, A; Noda, Y; Packer, L, 1999)	2.47
"Melatonin has a functional connection with the immune system. "	( Circadian rhythm of melatonin, corticosterone and phagocytosis: effect of stress. Barriga, C; Martín, MI; Ortega, E; Rodríguez, AB; Tabla, R, 2001)	2.08
"Melatonin has a functional role in the nocturnal regulation of sleep and thermoregulation. "	( The effects of day-time exogenous melatonin administration on cardiac autonomic activity. Burgess, HJ; Dawson, D; Harris, AS, 2001)	2.03
"Melatonin has a number of properties as a consequence of which it could be beneficial to animals as they age. "	( Melatonin reduces oxidant damage and promotes mitochondrial respiration: implications for aging. El-Sawi, MR; Manchester, LC; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2002)	3.2
"Melatonin has a potent antigonadotrophic action in the Syrian hamster ( a highly photosensitive species) provided the indole is given during a restricted portion of the light phase of the light-dark cycle."	( Melatonin: reproductive effects. Banks, AF; Panke, ES; Reiter, RJ; Rollag, MD, 1978)	2.42
"Melatonin has a key role in the circadian rhythm relay to periphery organs. "	( New selective ligands of human cloned melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors. Amossé, C; Audinot, V; Bonnaud, A; Boutin, JA; Delagrange, P; Dromaint, S; Galizzi, JP; Guillaumet, G; Lahaye-Brasseur, C; Le Gall, A; Lefoulon, F; Lesieur, D; Mailliet, F; Malpaux, B; Nagel, N; Renard, P; Rodriguez, M, 2003)	2.03
"Melatonin has been proposed as a potent anticarcinogen presents a short half-life for osteosarcoma (OS). "	( 3D-printing magnesium-polycaprolactone loaded with melatonin inhibits the development of osteosarcoma by regulating cell-in-cell structures. Cheng, Z; Li, Q; Qu, J; Yuan, Z; Zhang, W; Zhang, Z; Zhao, D; Zhao, W; Zhu, X; Zhuang, X, 2021)	2.32
"Melatonin has anti-oxidative properties and could therefore be of interest as a supplement in"	( Oral melatonin supplementation during Jepsen, JB; Knudsen, UB; Mejlhede, MAB, 2021)	1.86
"Melatonin has been suggested to have a role in glucose metabolism, yet the results across studies have been inconsistent."	( Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Insulin Levels and Insulin Resistance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Li, Y; Xu, Z, 2021)	1.73
"Melatonin has been studied to have anxiolytic, sedative, and analgesic effects. "	( Role of melatonin in attenuation of hemodynamic response to intubation and anesthetic requirements: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study. Janweja, S; Kishan, R; Kumar, R; Kumari, K; Paliwal, B; Sharma, A; Verma, M, )	2.01
"Melatonin has been demonstrated to exhibit oncostatic effects."	( Melatonin Suppresses Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas Migration and Invasion through Blocking FGF19/FGFR 4 Signaling Pathway. Choi, WS; Su, Y; Wang, L, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin has been well documented for its neuroprotective role through inhibiting oxidative stress against traumatic brain injury (TBI). "	( Melatonin attenuates repeated mild traumatic brain injury-induced cognitive deficits by inhibiting astrocyte reactivation. Cai, K; Cao, R; Chen, M; Chen, Q; Li, L; Lu, J; Sheng, L; Wang, Y; Xu, G; Zhang, W, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin has known sleep-promoting effects; however, it has not been well studied among childhood cancer survivors."	( A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of the effectiveness of melatonin on neurocognition and sleep in survivors of childhood cancer. Brinkman, TM; Christensen, R; Greene, WL; Howell, CR; Hudson, MM; Kimberg, CI; Krull, KR; Li, C; Lubas, MM; Mandrell, BN; Ness, KK; Robison, LL; Srivastava, DK, 2022)	1.67
"Melatonin has been used in clinical anti-epileptic studies, but its effect on epileptic comorbidities is unknown, and the underlying mechanism needs further investigation."	( Anticonvulsant activity of melatonin and its success in ameliorating epileptic comorbidity-like symptoms in zebrafish. Gao, D; Jin, M; Li, N; Liu, K; Mou, L; Ren, Q; Sik, A; Zhang, M; Zhang, S, 2021)	1.64
"Melatonin has been trialed with reported increasing use for sleep dysregulation and prevention of ICU delirium in critically ill adults; however, reports of use in hospitalized pediatric patients are limited. "	( Melatonin Administration Patterns for Pediatric Inpatients in a Tertiary Children's Hospital. Kudchadkar, SR; Procaccini, DE, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin has antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-aging effects in the brain. "	( SIRT2 and FOXO3a expressions in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of young and aged male rats: antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of melatonin. Abdi, S; Akbulut, H; Akbulut, KG; Keskin-Aktan, A, 2022)	2.37
"Melatonin has shown promising neuroprotective effects due to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, making it a candidate drug for translation to humans in conditions that compromise the developing brain. "	( Partial protective effects of melatonin on developing brain in a rat model of chorioamnionitis. Bodard, S; Chalon, S; Favrais, G; Gressens, P; Gulhan, Z; Saliba, E; Savary, L, 2021)	2.35
"Melatonin has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and protect neurons through anti-inflammatory properties."	( Role of melatonin in TLR4-mediated inflammatory pathway in the MTPT-induced mouse model. Agar, A; Aytac, G; Ozkan, A; Tanriover, G; Yildirim, S, 2022)	1.88
"Low melatonin levels have been linked to obesity, and melatonin supplementation can reduce body weight, improve metabolic profile, and ameliorate immune responses and pro-inflammatory stimuli."	( The role of melatonin in the molecular mechanisms underlying metaflammation and infections in obesity: A narrative review. Amatrudo, F; Colao, A; Graziadio, C; Liccardi, A; Montò, T; Muscogiuri, G; Negri, M; Patalano, R; Pivonello, C; Pivonello, R, 2022)	1.58
"Melatonin (MT) has anti-inflammatory effects; however, the effect of MT in newborn calf SCs is unknown."	( The ameliorative effect of melatonin on LPS-induced Sertoli cells inflammatory and tight junctions damage via suppression of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in newborn calf. Adeniran, SO; Feng, R; Huang, F; Li, Y; Ma, M; Zhang, G; Zheng, P, 2022)	1.74
"Melatonin has been shown to protect against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial injury, however, the precise molecular mechanisms have not been fully clarified. "	( Melatonin protects H9c2 cardiomyoblasts from oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion-induced injury by inhibiting Rac1/JNK/Foxo3a/Bim signaling pathway. Jian, Y; Ni, B; Pan, C; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Zhang, X, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin has been indicated to exhibit neuroprotective activities."	( A novel mechanism linking ferroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress via the circPtpn14/miR-351-5p/5-LOX signaling in melatonin-mediated treatment of traumatic brain injury. Balawi, E; Cheng, Y; Du, M; Fu, J; Liao, ZB; Tan, W; Wu, B; Wu, C; Yu, R; Zhou, Q, 2022)	1.65
"Melatonin has several valuable biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antitumor, and antiaging activities."	( Antitumor and Protective Effects of Melatonin: The Potential Roles of MicroRNAs. Ahmadi, Z; Ashrafizadeh, M; Jamialahmadi, T; Sahebkar, A; Sathyapalan, T; Yaribeygi, H, 2021)	1.62
"Melatonin has been proven to reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury. "	( Temporal effect of melatonin posttreatment on anoxia/reoxygenation injury in H9c2 cells. Bai, Y; Cui, B; Lin, D; Ma, J; Wang, Z; Yang, Y, 2022)	2.49
"Melatonin has been suggested as a highly cytoprotective and neuroprotective substance and shown to stimulate all stages of neuroplasticity in animal models."	( Associations between Melatonin, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Alterations in Depression. Kim, YK; Na, KS; Won, E, 2021)	1.66
"Melatonin has been reported to affect intestinal function by targeting microbiome, morphological structure, barrier integrity and nutrient absorptive system. "	( Effects of melatonin on intestinal function and bacterial compositions in sucking piglets. Gao, W; Gao, Z; Gong, S; Li, Y; Ma, J; Tang, S; Tang, W; Tian, W; Xia, S, 2022)	2.55
"Melatonin has been related to the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), and its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties have been proved in numerous neurodegenerative diseases. "	( Protective effects of melatonin on changes occurring in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis. Agüera, E; Caballero-Villarraso, J; Escribano, BM; Gascón, F; Giraldo, AI; Muñoz-Jurado, A; Paz-Rojas, E; Santamaría, A; Túnez, I; Valdelvira, ME, 2022)	2.48
"Melatonin has also protective and antioxidant properties, so we can therefore hypothesize that alterations in melatonin's pathways may be one of the causes of the symptomatology of autism."	( Role of melatonin in autism spectrum disorders in a male murine transgenic model: Study in the prefrontal cortex. Aria, F; Bonini, SA; Bonomini, F; Borsani, E; Giugno, L; Maccarinelli, G; Mastinu, A; Memo, M; Premoli, M; Rezzani, R, 2022)	1.88
"Melatonin has been implicated in a range of other conditions, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's and other neurological conditions, and in certain cancers."	( Melatonin/Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes: A Review. Sakellaropoulou, A; Siamidi, A; Vlachou, M, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin (Mel) has been reported to promote hippocampal synaptic transmission and thus improve learning ability."	( The Effect of Melatonin on Radicular Pain in a Rat Model of Lumbar Disc Herniation. Huang, Y; Tang, Q; Zhang, W; Zhao, Y; Zhong, Y; Zhu, L, 2022)	1.8
"Melatonin receptors have been reported to associate with aging and AD, and their expression decreased with the progression of AD."	( Activation of melatonin receptor 1 by CRISPR-Cas9 activator ameliorates cognitive deficits in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Kim, J; Park, H, 2022)	1.8
"Melatonin has an inhibitory effect on preeclampsia (PE). "	( Melatonin regulates trophoblast pyroptosis, invasion and migration in preeclampsia by inhibiting HtrA1 transcription through the microRNA-520c-3p/SETD7 axis. Chang, J; Chen, B; Feng, L; Liu, Z; Zhao, X, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin has been shown to improve the chondrogenic differentiation and promote cartilage matrix synthesis in mesenchymal stem cells."	( Melatonin Prevents Cartilage Degradation in Early-Stage Osteoarthritis Through Activation of miR-146a/NRF2/HO-1 Axis. Chen, X; He, F; Hou, M; Liu, H; Liu, T; Yang, H; Zhang, Y; Zhou, X; Zhu, X, 2022)	2.89
"Oral melatonin supplement has been shown to improve dermatitis severity in children with AD, but the mechanism of the effect is unclear, and it is uncertain whether melatonin has a direct immunomodulatory effect on the dermatitis. "	( Topical Melatonin Exerts Immunomodulatory Effect and Improves Dermatitis Severity in a Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis. Chang, YS; Chiang, BL; Tang, CY; Tsai, CC; Yang, PY, 2022)	1.67
"Melatonin has shown antiproliferative and antimetastatic activities but has not yet been shown to be active in osteoblastic bone lesions of prostate cancer."	( Melatonin suppresses the metastatic potential of osteoblastic prostate cancers by inhibiting integrin α Guo, JH; Lai, YW; Lin, LW; Lin, TH; Liu, CL; Liu, SC; Swain, S; Tai, HC; Tang, CH; Tsai, HC; Wang, SW; Wu, HC; Yang, SF, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin has pan-antiviral effects and it diminishes the severity of viral infections and reduces the death of animals infected with numerous different viruses, including three different coronaviruses."	( Melatonin: highlighting its use as a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cardinali, DP; Dominguez-Rodriguez, A; Kleszczynski, K; Manucha, W; Martin-Gimenez, VM; Neel, RL; Reiter, RJ; Sharma, R; Simko, F; Slominski, AT; Tesarik, J, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin has a role in the cell survival signaling pathways as a candidate for secondary stroke prevention. "	( Delayed Therapeutic Administration of Melatonin Enhances Neuronal Survival Through AKT and MAPK Signaling Pathways Following Focal Brain Ischemia in Mice. Altug-Tasa, B; Beker, M; Beker, MC; Caglayan, AB; Elibol, B; Kilic, E; Kilic, U; Uysal, O; Yilmaz, B, 2022)	2.44
"Melatonin has been implicated in attenuating I/R-induced injury of cardiomyocytes."	( Melatonin Inhibits OGD/R-Induced H9c2 Cardiomyocyte Pyroptosis via Regulation of MT2/miR-155/FOXO3a/ARC Axis. Chen, R; Yang, M, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin has therapeutic importance."	( The Potential Oncostatic Effects of Melatonin against Prostate Cancer. Samanta, S, 2021)	1.62
"Melatonin has been observed to suppress the growth of cancer cells, inhibit metastatic spread, enhance immune system functions, and act as an anti-inflammatory in both in vitro and in vivo models. "	( The rationale for treating uveal melanoma with adjuvant melatonin: a review of the literature. Hagström, A; Kal Omar, R; Stålhammar, G; Williams, PA, 2022)	2.41
"Melatonin has been shown to be beneficial for the motility of human sperm, although its mechanism remains to be uncovered. "	( Melatonin Increases Proliferation and Decreases Apoptosis of GC-1 spg Cells by Upregulating the Expression of circTec. Li, C; Ma, Y; Wu, Z; Xu, C; Yang, H, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin has been shown to function in many aspects of plant growth and development, yet whether it can enhance stem strength, and the corresponding underlying mechanisms remain unclear."	( Melatonin enhances stem strength by increasing lignin content and secondary cell wall thickness in herbaceous peony. Huang, X; Luan, Y; Shi, W; Tang, Y; Tao, J; Zhao, D, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin (MLT) has antioxidant functions, but its role in Cervidae remains largely unknown."	( Exogenous Melatonin Activating Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Pathway via Melatonin Receptor to Reduce Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Antler Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Gu, X; Jing, H; Li, M; Peng, J; Sun, X; Xiong, J, 2022)	1.85
"Melatonin has been shown to prevent tau hyperphosphorylation in cellular and animal models."	( Melatonin ameliorates tau-related pathology via the miR-504-3p and CDK5 axis in Alzheimer's disease. Chen, D; Gan, CL; Gu, X; Hu, L; Lan, G; Lee, TH; Li, R; Mei, Y; Shui, X; Tian, Y; Wang, L; Xia, Y; Zhang, M; Zhang, T, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin has been shown to improve sleep in PD patients."	( Effects of melatonin prolonged-release on both sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a preliminary evidence. Cerroni, R; Fernandes, M; Liguori, C; Ludovisi, R; Mercuri, NB; Pierantozzi, M; Stefani, A, 2022)	1.83
"Melatonin (Mt) has significant efficacy as an antioxidant."	( Melatonin ameliorates nickel induced autophagy in mouse brain: Diminution of oxidative stress. Cai, J; Chen, X; Jiang, Y; Liu, Q; Qiao, S; Sun, Y; Zhang, Z, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin has attracted widespread attention after its discovery in higher plants. "	( The role of melatonin in tomato stress response, growth and development. Chen, G; Cheng, Y; Hu, Z; Luo, J; Tian, Y; Xie, Q; Zhang, Y, 2022)	2.54
"Melatonin has been reported to be an appropriate candidate for mitigating various cardiovascular injuries, owing to its versatility. "	( Melatonin alleviates vascular endothelial cell damage by regulating an autophagy-apoptosis axis in Kawasaki disease. Gui, Y; Han, X; Hou, J; Huang, S; Wang, W; Wu, F; Zhang, J; Zheng, Y, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin has been reported to suppress inflammation and alleviate liver fibrosis, but its effect on autophagy in liver fibrosis has not been studied. "	( Melatonin Alleviates Liver Fibrosis by Inhibiting Autophagy. Chen, W; Hong, RT; Jie, L; Ren, XF; Sha, LL; Zhang, YJ, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin (MT) has been shown to alleviate inflammation in organs and remodel gut microbiota in animals and humans."	( Melatonin mitigates aflatoxin B1-induced liver injury via modulation of gut microbiota/intestinal FXR/liver TLR4 signaling axis in mice. Du, H; Ge, L; Hou, L; Huang, K; Kang, W; Li, J; Liu, D; Liu, S; Liu, Y; Mao, X; Yin, Y, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin (MT) has gained increasing attention due to its pleiotropic effects. "	( Exogenous melatonin stimulated isoflavone biosynthesis in NaCl-stressed germinating soybean (Glycine max L.). Fang, W; He, X; Tian, X; Yang, J; Yang, Z; Yin, Y, 2022)	2.57
"Melatonin has received attention as a potential antifibrotic agent due to its anti-proliferative actions on PSCs."	( Melatonin modulates metabolic adaptation of pancreatic stellate cells subjected to hypoxia. Estaras, M; Garcia, A; Gonzalez, A; Iovanna, JL; Martinez, R; Ortiz-Placin, C; Santofimia-Castaño, P, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin has antioxidant protection effects in living organisms and thus has received a lot of attention."	( Exogenous melatonin enhances soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedling tolerance to saline-alkali stress by regulating antioxidant response and DNA damage repair. Chen, S; Du, J; Du, Y; Ren, C; Wang, G; Yu, G; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z; Zhao, Q, 2022)	1.85
"Melatonin has been shown to reduce nerve damage."	( Comparison of the Effects of Electroacupuncture and Melatonin on Nerve Regeneration in Experimentally Nerve-Damaged Rats. Bilgin, MD; Kasar, ZS; Kiliç, MA; Özkan, Y; Sari, S; Tanriöver, D; Turan, Y; Turgut, M; Uyanikgil, Y; Yilmaz, M, 2021)	1.59
"Melatonin has also been found to have anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties by adjusting the circadian rhythm."	( Melatonin supplementation for the treatment of infantile spasms: protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled triple-blind trial. Chen, J; Feng, W; Liu, M; Shi, X; Sun, Y; Wang, J; Xu, T; Yang, G; Zou, L, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin has a protective effect not only on the brain, by attenuating its injury, but on extracranial organs, including the heart."	( Melatonin and the Brain-Heart Crosstalk in Neurocritically Ill Patients-From Molecular Action to Clinical Practice. Bekała, A; Bielacz, M; Biernawska, J; Bohatyrewicz, R; Dabrowski, W; Jaroszyński, A; Kotfis, K; Płotek, W; Siwicka-Gieroba, D; Sołek-Pastuszka, J, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin has emerged as an anti-inflammatory agent, potent direct free-radical scavenger, and an indirect antioxidant in preventing ischemia-reperfusion injury. "	( The effect of melatonin on cardiac biomarkers after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A double-blind, randomized pilot study. Farzam, S; Khezri, MB; Nasseh, N; Shafikhani, AA; Shiravandi, S, 2022)	2.52
"Melatonin treatment has benefitted neonates with hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury."	( Human-rat integrated microRNAs profiling identified a new neonatal cerebral hypoxic-ischemic pathway melatonin-sensitive. Albertini, MC; Balduini, W; Buonocore, G; Carloni, S; Coppari, S; Longini, M; Melandri, D; Mohammadi, A; Negrini, M; Perrone, S; Rocchi, MBL; Sura, L; Vanzolini, T; Weiss, MD, 2022)	1.66
"Melatonin has significant pharmacological potential for protecting against Cd-induced nephrotoxicity by preventing excessive mitochondrial fission."	( Melatonin improves mitochondrial function by preventing mitochondrial fission in cadmium-induced rat proximal tubular cell injury via SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway activation. Chen, S; Dong, W; Gong, Z; Liu, G; Liu, W; Liu, Z; Song, R; Tan, Y; Yan, L; Zhang, K; Zhu, J; Zou, H, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin (MEL) has antioxidant properties and participates in osteogenic differentiation. "	( Melatonin protects gingival mesenchymal stem cells and promotes differentiation into osteoblasts. Aguilar, JJ; Carpentieri, AR; Farías, A; Peralta López, ME; Solá, VM; Vazquez Mosquera, AP, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin has been presented as an antioxidant that can prevent oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage via the activation of antioxidant enzymes associated with the increase of neurogenesis."	( Melatonin Attenuates Methotrexate-Induced Reduction of Antioxidant Activity Related to Decreases of Neurogenesis in Adult Rat Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex. Aranarochana, A; Naewla, S; Pannangrong, W; Sirichoat, A; Sritawan, N; Suwannakot, K; Welbat, JU; Wigmore, P, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin has emerged as a potent anti-inflammatory agent."	( Colon targeted chitosan-melatonin nanotherapy for preclinical Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Choudhury, SR; Guchhait, P; Gupta, S; Karmakar, S; Mohanbhai, SJ; Sardoiwala, MN; Sharma, SS; Shrimali, N, 2022)	1.75
"Melatonin has a substantial protective effect against female reproductive toxicity."	( Melatonin attenuates di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced apoptosis of human granulosa cells by inhibiting mitochondrial fission. Cao, Y; Li, S; Wei, Z; Xue, R; Zhang, Z, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin has known anti-inflammatory effects. "	( Melatonin protects sheep endometrial epithelial cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vitro. Duan, H; Ge, W; Hu, J; Li, J; Zeng, J; Zhao, X, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin has been proved to have positive effects on cellular damage and metabolic regulation. "	( Melatonin supplementation alleviates cellular damage and physical performance decline induced by an intensive training period in professional soccer players. Ben Mahmoud, L; Driss, T; Farjallah, MA; Ghattassi, K; Graja, A; Hammouda, O; Jamoussi, K; Kamoun, A; Sahnoun, Z; Souissi, N; Zmijewski, P, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin (MEL) has been reported to be an effective ferroptosis inhibitor, but it is unclear whether Melatonin can regulate ferroptosis in SAKI and whether its downstream mechanism correlates with the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway."	( Melatonin suppresses ferroptosis via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in the mouse model of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. An, S; Chen, Z; Gao, Y; Li, J; Lin, B; Lin, X; Qiu, W; Wang, T; Yu, B; Zeng, Z, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin has shown beneficial effects on obesity, both in humans and experimental models, via regulating the altered circadian rhythm and thus ameliorating the gut dysbiosis associated with this metabolic condition. "	( The melatonergic agonist agomelatine ameliorates high fat diet-induced obesity in mice through the modulation of the gut microbiome. Algieri, F; Diez-Echave, P; Duarte, J; Gálvez, J; García, F; Garrido-Mesa, J; Hidalgo-García, L; Morón, R; Rodríguez-Cabezas, ME; Rodríguez-Nogales, A; Romero, M; Ruiz-Malagón, AJ; Sánchez, M; Toral, M; Vezza, T, 2022)	2.16
"Melatonin has high antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects."	( Melatonin Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity via Regulating the Cell Apoptosis of the Inner Ear. Fan, X; Hou, L; Shi, L; Sui, R; Wang, N; Xu, A; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin (MT) has been widely studied in protecting plants from environmental stresses and pathogens."	( Exogenously applied melatonin alleviates the damage in cucumber plants caused by Aphis goosypii through altering the insect behavior and inducing host plant resistance. Du, C; Fan, H; Liu, X; Tan, Y; Yue, C, 2023)	1.96
"Melatonin (MT) has been reported to control and prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the clinic; however, the effect and mechanism of MT on AD have not been specifically described. "	( Effect and Mechanism of Exogenous Melatonin on Cognitive Deficits in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Qin, T; Sun, T; Xie, D; Xu, Y; Zhai, Z; Zhong, Y, 2022)	2.44
"Melatonin has been suggested as a low-risk pharmacological intervention to help prevent POD."	( Melatonin for the prevention of postoperative delirium in older adults: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Armstrong, RA; Barnes, J; Gibbison, B; Hinchliffe, R; Mouton, R; Pufulete, M; Sewart, E, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin (MLT) has been implicated in several pathophysiological states, including pain. "	( Acute and Chronic Pain Preclinical Models to Study the Analgesic Properties of Melatonergic Compounds. Comai, S; De Gregorio, D, 2022)	2.16
"Melatonin has recently been used to ameliorate diet-induced or night light-induced energy metabolic imbalance."	( Melatonin protects against body weight gain induced by sleep deprivation in mice. Hu, S; Liu, X; Wang, Y; Wei, S; Zhang, R, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin (Mel) has attracted much interest for its role in governing intestinal injury via microRNAs (miRNAs)."	( Melatonin alleviates lead-induced intestinal epithelial cell pyroptosis in the common carps (Cyprinus carpio) via miR-17-5p/TXNIP axis. Miao, Z; Teng, X; Xu, S, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin has become a popular dietary supplement, most known as a chronobiotic, and for establishing healthy sleep. "	( Is Melatonin the "Next Vitamin D"?: A Review of Emerging Science, Clinical Uses, Safety, and Dietary Supplements. Darley, C; Fahoum, M; Frame, J; Henning, M; Minich, DM; Schuler, CB, 2022)	2.79
"Melatonin has good tolerability after short-term use and the potential to be a therapeutic agent for those with sleep disturbance after TBI. "	( The Utility of Melatonin for the Treatment of Sleep Disturbance After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review. Browne, G; Cassimatis, M; Orr, R, 2023)	2.71
"Melatonin has a high safety profile, but it needs further clinical trials and experiments for use as a therapeutic agent against the Omicron variant of COVID-19."	( Potential Therapeutic Approach of Melatonin against Omicron and Some Other Variants of SARS-CoV-2. Begum, R; Lucy, TT; Mamun-Or-Rashid, ANM; Mukerjee, N; Pramanik, MK; Sil, BK; Tagde, P; Yagi, M; Yonei, Y, 2022)	1.72
"Melatonin has anticancer activity when administered alone or in combination with standard chemotherapeutic agents, with measurable improvements seen in the clinical endpoints of tumor regression and patient survival."	( Melatonin Inhibits EMT in Bladder Cancer by Targeting Autophagy. Chao, CC; Chen, PC; Hsiao, SY; Lin, TH; Tang, CH, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin has been proven to have antiarrhythmic potential; however, several studies have recently challenged this view. "	( Melatonin increases susceptibility to atrial fibrillation in obesity via Akt signaling impairment in response to lipid overload. Fan, J; Fu, Y; Jiang, T; Liu, B; Liu, P; Qin, X; Zhang, Y; Zheng, Q, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin has been shown to be effective in the last 20 years of research, mainly in animals with perinatal asphyxia but, so far, no clinical trials have been performed on a sufficient number of newborns."	( Melatonin: A Potential Candidate for the Treatment of Experimental and Clinical Perinatal Asphyxia. Furmaga-Jabłońska, W; Januszewski, S; Pluta, R; Tarkowska, A, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin has a certain effect on relieving sleep disturbances in children with ASD, which can shorten sleep latency, reduce the number of awakenings, and prolong total sleep time. "	( Efficacy of Melatonin for Insomnia in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis. He, R; Li, F; Li, W; Liu, Z; Shen, H; Wei, L; Xie, X; Xiong, M, 2023)	2.73
"Melatonin (MEL) has been reported to enhance cognitive performance. "	( N-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine enhance object location and working memory performances via modulating CaMKII, ERK and CREB phosphorylation. Chiba, A; Iwashita, H; Kawaguchi, M; Sano, M, 2023)	2.35
"Melatonin have been identified as having the potential to manage patients with COVID-19 along with standard care."	( Role of Supplements in the Management of COVID-19 - A Comprehensive Review. Balasubramanian, R; Jahir Hussain, MH; Maideen, NMP; Muthusamy, S; Ramanathan, S, 2023)	1.63
"Melatonin has been shown to improve BPD."	( Melatonin Protects Against Hyperoxia-Induced Apoptosis in Alveolar Epithelial type II Cells by Activating the MT2/PI3K/AKT/ETS1 Signaling Pathway. Chen, LP; He, F; Li, HY; Li, L; Liu, CZ; Wang, QF; Wei, WC; Yu, C, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin has been found to positively impact our immune system, inhibit angiogenesis, stimulate apoptosis in malignant cells, and act as a potent antioxidant. "	( Adjuvant melatonin for uveal melanoma (AMUM): protocol for a randomized open-label phase III study. Hagström, A; Kal Omar, R; Stålhammar, G, 2023)	2.77
"Melatonin has been extensively studied in seasonally polyestrous animals whereby supplementation studies have been used to adjust circannual rhythms in herds of animals under abnormal photoperiodic conditions."	( Melatonin in Health and Disease: A Perspective for Livestock Production. Contreras-Correa, ZE; Lemley, CO; Messman, RD; Swanson, RM, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin has shown promising results in enhancing resistance of plants to a variety of pathogens including fungi, bacteria, and viruses, however, the molecular mechanism of melatonin-mediated plant immune regulation is currently elusive."	( Melatonin: A promising candidate for maintaining food security under the threat of phytopathogens. Gupta, R, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin has been documented to alleviate compromised pregnancies and enhance livestock performance traits. "	( Effects of prenatal and postnatal melatonin supplementation on overall performance, male reproductive performance, and testicular hemodynamics in beef cattle. Burnett, DD; Geary, TW; Lemley, CO; Messman, RD; Reid, DS; Van Emon, ML; Waterman, RC; Zezeski, AL, 2023)	2.63
"Melatonin has a protective effect against heavy metal stress in plants by immobilizing HM in cell walls and sequestering them in root cell vacuoles, reducing HM's translocation from roots to shoots. "	( Deciphering the melatonin-mediated response and signalling in the regulation of heavy metal stress in plants. Adavi, S; Ahmed, P; Altaf, MA; Bairwa, RK; Dey, A; Gopalakrishnan, AV; Jena, R; Kumar, A; Kumar, R; Lal, MK; Mandal, S; Sharma, N; Srivastava, D; Tiwari, RK, 2023)	2.7
"Melatonin has antioxidative properties."	( Evaluation of the protective effect of melatonin on oocyte, embryo and ovarian tissue parameters in female mice exposed to acetamiprid. Feazi, F; Hassanzadeh, R; Hejazian, LB; Joursaraei, GA; Najafzadehvarzi, H, 2023)	1.9
"Melatonin (MT) has been demonstrated to provide defense against both biotic and abiotic stressors. "	( Potential application of melatonin in reducing boron toxicity in rice seedlings through improved growth, cell wall composition, proline, and defense mechanisms. Al-Ghamdi, AA; Al-Hemaid, FM; Elshikh, MS; Kamran, M; Li, X; Riaz, M; Saleem, MH; Zhao, S, 2023)	2.66
"Melatonin (MLT) has potential functions in regulating testicular damage and interleukin-17 (IL-17) production."	( Melatonin alleviated fluoride-induced impairment of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation process via Interleukin-17A. Lang, Y; Liang, C; Liu, R; Luo, H; Wang, J; Zhang, J; Zhao, J; Zhuang, C, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin has been shown to mitigate oxidative stress in this model, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear."	( Melatonin alleviates ovarian function damage and oxidative stress induced by dexamethasone in the laying hens through FOXO1 signaling pathway. Bai, K; Chen, H; Chen, YF; Hao, E; Huang, CX; Huang, RL; Shi, L; Wang, DH; Yue, QX, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin has been suggested an adjunctive therapy in neonatal encephalopathy (NE). "	( Melatonin Alters Innate Immune Function in Infants with Neonatal Encephalopathy. Aslam, S; Branagan, A; Donoghue, V; Hurley, T; Kelly, LA; McKenna, E; Molloy, EJ; Murphy, J; Normile, C; O'Dea, M; O'Driscoll, D; O'Neill, A; Saleemi, S; Sweetman, D; Vavasseur, C; Watson, W, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin (MT) has recently gained significant scientific interest, though its mechanism of action in enhancing plant vigor, cadmium (Cd) tolerance, and Cd phytoremediation processes are poorly understood. "	( Pleiotropic melatonin-mediated responses on growth and cadmium phytoextraction of Brassica napus: A bioecological trial for enhancing phytoremediation of soil cadmium. Ali, EF; Bundschuh, J; Chen, X; Chu, S; Hayat, K; Hui, N; Lee, SS; Menhas, S; Rinklebe, J; Shaheen, SM; Shahid, M; Yang, X; Zhang, D; Zhou, P; Zhou, Y, 2023)	2.73
"Melatonin has gained growing interest as a treatment of insomnia, despite contradictory findings, and a low level of evidence. "	( Efficacy of melatonin and ramelteon for the acute and long-term management of insomnia disorder in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Bourgin, P; Chambe, J; Geoffroy, PA; Maruani, J; Palagini, L; Reynaud, E, 2023)	2.73
"Melatonin has profound antioxidant activity and numerous functions in humans as well as in livestock and poultry. "	( Role of Melatonin in Bovine Reproductive Biotechnology. Li, Z; Lu, W; Wang, J; Zhang, K; Zhao, J; Zhou, Y, 2023)	2.79
"Melatonin has been reported to play crucial roles in regulating meat quality, improving reproductive properties, and maintaining intestinal health in animal production, but whether it regulates skeletal muscle development in weaned piglet is rarely studied. "	( Melatonin supplementation promotes muscle fiber hypertrophy and regulates lipid metabolism of skeletal muscle in weaned piglets. Cai, P; Chen, W; Gu, X; Huang, Y; Liu, S; Shan, T; Tu, Y; Wang, L; Yi, W; Zhang, S; Zhou, Y, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin has been reported to cause myocardial electrophysiological changes and prevent ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (VT/VF) in ischemia and reperfusion. "	( Blockade of Melatonin Receptors Abolishes Its Antiarrhythmic Effect and Slows Ventricular Conduction in Rat Hearts. Azarov, JE; Bernikova, OG; Cuprova, J; Diez, ER; Durkina, AV; Gonotkov, MA; Prado, NJ; Sedova, KA; Szeiffova Bacova, B; Vaykshnorayte, MA, 2023)	2.73
"Melatonin (Mel) has previously been reported to effectively alleviate nitrogen-limitation (N-L) stress and thus increase nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) in several plants, but the underlying mechanism remains obscure. "	( Melatonin activates the OsbZIP79-OsABI5 module that orchestrates nitrogen and ROS homeostasis to alleviate nitrogen-limitation stress in rice. Huang, J; Jiang, M; Li, R; Li, S; Shu, Q; Song, Y; Tan, Y; Yang, R; Zhang, H; Zheng, C; Zheng, Y, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin has been proven to relieve the inhibition of multiple abiotic stresses on plant growth."	( Exogenous melatonin mitigates saline-alkali stress by decreasing DNA oxidative damage and enhancing photosynthetic carbon metabolism in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) leaves. Du, J; Du, Y; Gu, Y; Hu, J; Ma, Y; Shen, W; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhao, Q, )	1.26
"Melatonin (MT) has been shown to alleviate Al toxicity in plants; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown."	( Melatonin alleviates aluminum toxicity by regulating aluminum-responsive and nonresponsive pathways in hickory. Chen, W; Li, Y; Lou, H; Wu, J; Yan, J; Zeng, H, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin has been shown to have oncostatic effects in different types of cancers."	( Intratumoral injection of melatonin enhances tumor regression in cell line-derived and patient-derived xenografts of head and neck cancer by increasing mitochondrial oxidative stress. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Carriel, V; Escames, G; Fernández-Gil, BI; Fernández-Martínez, J; Florido, J; García-Tárraga, P; Garcia-Verdugo, JM; González-García, P; Guerra-Librero, A; López-Rodríguez, A; Martinez-Ruiz, L; Oppel, F; Rodriguez-Santana, C; Rusanova, I; Sánchez-Porras, D; Sudhoff, H; Ten-Steve, A, 2023)	1.93
"Melatonin has multiple antioxidant action and anti-inflammatory effects, including regulating mitophagy and inflammatory cytokine expression."	( Melatonin Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Inhibiting Excessive Mitophagy. Li, S; Ling, J; Xiong, F; Xu, T; Yu, S, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin has beneficial effects on various illnesses, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and depression, indicating its potential efficacy in treating OCD."	( Melatonin-mediated IGF-1/GLP-1 activation in experimental OCD rats: Evidence from CSF, blood plasma, brain and in-silico investigations. Giri, A; Gupta, GD; Khan, Z; Mehan, S; Narula, AS, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin (Mel) has been reported for the protection against liver injury."	( Melatonin loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles reduce inflammation, inhibit apoptosis and protect rat's liver from the hazardous effects of CCL4. Farid, A; Michael, V; Safwat, G, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin and vitamins have been tested, but the results are not conclusive."	( Melatonin and Vitamins as Protectors against the Reproductive Toxicity of Bisphenols: Which Is the Most Effective? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cerbón-Gutiérrez, JL; Chávez-Corona, JI; Herrera-Barragán, JA; Leyva-Gómez, G; Mendoza-Rodríguez, CA; Peña-Corona, SI; Pérez-Caltzontzin, LE; Quintanar-Guerrero, D; Ramos-Martínez, E; Vargas-Estrada, D, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin has been demonstrated to attenuate ferroptosis in cellular and animal models of noncancerous diseases, showcasing effectiveness in organs such as the heart, brain, lung, liver, kidney, and bone."	( Melatonin and ferroptosis: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Jia, X; Lin, D; Ma, J; Zhang, D, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin has possibilities used as a daily nutraceutical to trigger the cellular adaptation."	( Prophylactic supplement with melatonin prevented the brain injury after cardiac arrest in rats. Han, F; Hu, Y; Jiang, G; Jiang, W; Jin, M; Zhao, X, 2023)	1.92
"Melatonin has been established to regulate autophagy and induce progesterone secretion in luteal cell."	( Melatonin promotes progesterone secretion in sheep luteal cells by regulating autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Duan, H; Hu, J; Ma, X; Wang, F; Xiao, L; Yan, Z; Yang, S; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y; Zhao, X, 2024)	3.61
"Melatonin has been shown to be a potent antioxidant and might be beneficial to human oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM)."	( Melatonin maintains mitochondrial membrane potential and decreases excessive intracellular Ca Cao, YX; Ji, DM; Liu, YJ; Liu, ZB; Wang, TJ; Wei, ZL; Xie, FF; Zhang, ZG; Zhou, P, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin has been mentioned as a protective factor against acute pancreatitis."	( Does melatonin addition to indomethacin decrease post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis? A randomized double-blind controlled trial. Abbasinazari, M; Abdi, S; Asadzadeh Aghdaei, H; Hatami, B; Jamshidzadeh, S; Rasoolinezhad, M; Saadati, S; Sadeghi, A, 2019)	1.75
"Melatonin has been reported to participate in bone metabolism in recent studies. "	( Melatonin promotes osteoblastic differentiation and regulates PDGF/AKT signaling pathway. Dong, P; Gu, X; Ma, B; Shang, J; Zhu, G; Zi, Y, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin has been previously shown to prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. "	( Melatonin safeguards against fatty liver by antagonizing TRAFs-mediated ASK1 deubiquitination and stabilization in a β-arrestin-1 dependent manner. Hua, X; Huang, G; Ji, QX; Li, DJ; Li, YH; Meng, HB; Shen, FM; Tong, J; Wang, P; Zeng, FY; Zhang, GY; Zhang, WJ; Zhu, JH, 2019)	3.4
"Melatonin has been studied and used for several years as a sleep-wake cycle modulator in patients with sleep disorders. "	( A solution based on melatonin, tryptophan, and vitamin B6 (Melamil Tripto©) for sedation in newborns during brain MRI. Ariganello, P; Di Palma, F; Fariello, G; Martini, L; Marziali, S; Mondì, V; Paolillo, P; Picone, S, 2019)	2.28
"Melatonin has been implicated in skin functions such as hair growth cycling and skin pigmentation. "	( Association between serum melatonin and skin aging in an urban population of Mongolia. Byamba, K; Dorjkhuu, A; Myatav, T; Nanzadsuren, T, 2020)	2.3
"Melatonin has been shown to potentiate the activities of anti-cancer immune cells, as well as attenuating the activities of Tregs and CAFs."	( Boosting immune system against cancer by melatonin: A mechanistic viewpoint. Farhood, B; Mirtavoos-Mahyari, H; Mortezaee, K; Motevaseli, E; Musa, AE; Najafi, M; Potes, Y; Shabeeb, D, 2019)	1.5
"Melatonin has long been recognized as a positive signaling molecule and potent antioxidant in plants, which alleviates damage caused by adverse conditions such as salt, cold, and heat stress. "	( Melatonin Deficiency Confers Tolerance to Multiple Abiotic Stresses in Rice via Decreased Brassinosteroid Levels. Back, K; Hwang, OJ, 2019)	3.4
"Melatonin has a variety of biological effects, including inhibition of tumor metastasis, stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques, and the regulation of seasonal reproductive rhythms, etc."	( Role of melatonin in controlling angiogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions. Chen, Y; Ma, Q; Reiter, RJ, 2020)	1.71
"Melatonin has shown positive effects on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation; however, it was unknown whether melatonin could restore OP-impaired osteogenic potential of BMMSCs and what the underlying mechanisms entailed."	( Melatonin restores the osteoporosis-impaired osteogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by preserving SIRT1-mediated intracellular antioxidant properties. Chen, AC; Chen, W; Chen, X; He, F; Liu, T; Pan, G; Pei, M; Shi, Q; Yang, H, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin has shown antitumor effects on cancer mammary cells; nevertheless, its effects have been poorly evaluated on canine mammary cancer stem-like cells."	( Melatonin decreases in vitro viability and migration of spheres derived from CF41.Mg canine mammary carcinoma cells. Arias, JI; Guzmán, S; Serrano, C; Torres, CG, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin has also recently been licensed in the UK for the short-term treatment of jetlag."	( Adverse Events Associated with Melatonin for the Treatment of Primary or Secondary Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review. Besag, FMC; Lao, KSJ; Vasey, MJ; Wong, ICK, 2019)	1.52
"Melatonin has the ability to improve plant growth and strengthened plant tolerance to environmental stresses; however, the effects of melatonin on mitochondrial respiration in plants and the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms are still unclear. "	( Melatonin-related mitochondrial respiration responses are associated with growth promotion and cold tolerance in plants. Genisel, M; Turk, H, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin has various biological activities that improve the health of an individual. "	( Role of melatonin as an SIRT1 enhancer in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease induced by cigarette smoke. Kim, JC; Kim, JS; Kim, MS; Kim, SH; Ko, JW; Park, G; Shin, IS; Shin, NR, 2020)	2.44
"Melatonin has many beneficial roles in protecting mitochondria by scavenging reactive oxygen species, maintaining membrane potential, and improving functions."	( Melatonin reverses the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by LETM1 silencing. Aral, C; Bircan, R; Demirkesen, S; Yasar Sirin, D, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin has been shown to be neuroprotective in experimental stroke models."	( Melatonin protects against ischemic stroke by modulating microglia/macrophage polarization toward anti-inflammatory phenotype through STAT3 pathway. Ding, ZT; Gao, FH; Gong, WJ; Liu, ZJ; Qie, SY; Ran, YY; Xi, JN, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin has been considered in biological processes and in signaling pathways involved in the development of glioma."	( The effects of melatonin on signaling pathways and molecules involved in glioma. Asemi, Z; Neamati, F, 2020)	1.63
"Melatonin has been described in the literature as a potent antioxidant. "	( Melatonin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules protect against lipid peroxidation caused by paraquat through increased SOD expression in Caenorhabditis elegans. Brucker, N; Charão, MF; Eifler-Lima, VL; Garcia, SC; Goethel, G; Guterres, SS; Paese, K; Pohlmann, AR, 2019)	3.4
"Melatonin has potential neuroprotective capabilities after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI), but long-term effects have not been investigated. "	( Transient effect of melatonin treatment after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in rats. Berger, HR; Morken, TS; Nyman, AKG; Widerøe, M, 2019)	2.28
"Melatonin has important functions developmentally to regulate multiple physiological systems and program timing of puberty."	( Temporal organization of pineal melatonin signaling in mammals. Gorman, MR, 2020)	1.56
"Melatonin (Mel) has been shown to involve in many essential cell functions via modulating many signaling pathways. "	( Melatonin triggers autophagic cell death by regulating RORC in Hodgkin lymphoma. Du, W; Gong, R; He, M; He, X; Lei, H; Li, G; Li, X; Pang, P; Wang, Y; Yan, G; Yu, S; Yuan, Y, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin (MT) has been demonstrated to impact the cardiovascular system."	( Melatonin alleviates vascular calcification and ageing through exosomal miR-204/miR-211 cluster in a paracrine manner. Cui, RR; Guo, B; Li, F; Liao, XB; Lin, X; Liu, YS; Shan, SK; Wang, Y; Wu, F; Xu, F; Yuan, LQ; Zheng, MH; Zhong, JY; Zhou, E, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin has the ability to intervene in the initiation, progression and metastasis of some experimental cancers. "	( Melatonin inhibits Warburg-dependent cancer by redirecting glucose oxidation to the mitochondria: a mechanistic hypothesis. de Almeida Chuffa, LG; Ma, Q; Reiter, RJ; Rorsales-Corral, S; Sharma, R, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin has been hypothesised as a contributor to the development of HE."	( Serum melatonin in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunting, with and without hepatic encephalopathy. Ferreira, MDF; Gow, AG; Mellanby, RJ, 2020)	1.76
"Melatonin has emerged as an essential molecule in plants, due to its role in defence against metal toxicity. "	( Melatonin mitigates cadmium and aluminium toxicity through modulation of antioxidant potential in Brassica napus L. Abdullah, M; Sami, A; Shah, FA; Yan, Y; Zhou, K; Zhou, X; Zhu, Z, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin has been demonstrated to protect against calcification in cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. "	( Melatonin attenuates vascular calcification by activating autophagy via an AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway. Chen, WR; Liu, F; Shen, XQ; Yang, JQ; Zhou, YJ, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin also has strong antioxidant activities to scavenge free radicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS)."	( Importance of Melatonin in Assisted Reproductive Technology and Ovarian Aging. Jozaki, M; Maekawa, R; Mihara, Y; Reiter, RJ; Sato, S; Shinagawa, M; Shirafuta, Y; Sugino, N; Takasaki, A; Taketani, T; Tamura, H; Tamura, I; Tanabe, M, 2020)	1.64
"As melatonin has been shown to enhance memory and hippocampal neurogenesis in animal models, this research investigated the neuroprotective effects of melatonin against spatial memory and hippocampal neurogenesis impairment in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated rats."	( Melatonin attenuates 5-fluorouracil-induced spatial memory and hippocampal neurogenesis impairment in adult rats. Aranarochana, A; Chaisawang, P; Pannangrong, W; Sirichoat, A; Suwannakot, K; Welbat, JU; Wigmore, P, 2020)	2.51
"Melatonin secretion has been associated with depression, diabetes, cognitive impairment, and breast cancer."	( Effects of Cataract Surgery on Melatonin Secretion in Adults 60 Years and Older: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Kurumatani, N; Miyata, K; Nishi, T; Obayashi, K; Ogata, N; Saeki, K; Ueda, T; Yoshikawa, T, 2020)	1.57
"Melatonin has remarkably diverse actions."	( T. cruzi infection among aged rats: Melatonin as a promising therapeutic molecule. Brazão, V; Colato, RP; do Prado, JC; Santello, FH, 2020)	1.55
"Melatonin has been demonstrated to ameliorate cardiac hypertrophy and its accompanied fibrosis in previous studies."	( A Peptide-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoplatform-Loaded Melatonin for Targeted Amelioration of Fibrosis in Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy. Cao, F; Lei, C; Liu, L; Wang, B; Wang, J; Wang, X; Yang, Q; Yuan, J; Zhang, J; Zhao, X; Zhu, X, 2020)	1.53
"Melatonin has been proven to improve the development of cloned embryos, however, the role of melatonin during somatic cell nuclear transfer remains unclear."	( Melatonin Enhances the Development of Porcine Cloned Embryos by Improving DNA Methylation Reprogramming. He, H; Huan, Y; Qu, J; Song, X; Sun, M; Wang, X, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin has a significant protective effect on spermatogenesis after testicular torsion by regulating the expressions of apoptosis-related genes and increasing T-AOC in the testis tissue."	( [Effects of melatonin on oxidative stress and apoptosis-related gene signaling pathways following testicular torsion in rats]. Bai, PM; Huang, DP; Liu, ZM; Zhu, WP, 2019)	2.34
"Melatonin has significant neuroprotective properties, and promising preclinical data suggest its potential to improve outcomes after traumatic brain injury."	( Efficacy of Melatonin in Children With Postconcussive Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Barlow, KM; Boyd, R; Brooks, BL; Buchhalter, J; Cameron, C; Crawford, S; Dewey, D; Esser, MJ; Hill, MD; Hutchison, JS; Kirk, V; Kirton, A; MacMaster, FP; Mikrogianakis, A; Nettel-Aguirre, A; Platt, R; Richer, L; Samuel, T; Turley, B; Yeates, KO; Zemek, RL, 2020)	1.66
"Melatonin has recently been detected in fermented beverages and foods, in which microorganism metabolism is highly important. "	( Microorganisms: Producers of Melatonin in Fermented Foods and Beverages. Francoise, U; Ge, Q; Liu, X; Ma, T; Que, Z; Shang, Y; Sun, X; Xu, P; Zhang, J; Zhang, Q, 2020)	2.29
"Melatonin (MT) has emerged as a ubiquitous pleiotropic molecule capable of coordinating heavy metal (HM) stresses in plants."	( Melatonin confers cadmium tolerance by modulating critical heavy metal chelators and transporters in radish plants. Chen, Y; Dong, J; Hu, B; Li, C; Liu, L; Tang, M; Wang, Y; Xu, L; Ying, J; Zhang, F, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin has a concentration‑dependent dual effect on osteoblast proliferation, in which higher concentrations can inhibit osteoblast proliferation and induce apoptosis; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear."	( Relationship between autophagy, apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by melatonin in osteoblasts by septin7 expression. Cui, C; Gong, Z; Lin, T; Zhu, Y, 2020)	1.5
"Melatonin (MT) has many important functions in plants. "	( Exogenous melatonin promotes growth and sucrose metabolism of grape seedlings. Deng, H; Liang, D; Liao, M; Lin, L; Lv, X; Tang, Y; Wang, J; Wang, X; Xia, H; Yang, L; Zhong, L, 2020)	2.4
"Melatonin has shown beneficial activity in several animal models and clinical trials of inflammatory autoimmune diseases, but the role of melatonin is controversial in RA."	( Reconsidering the Role of Melatonin in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Huang, CC; Liu, SC; MacDonald, IJ; Tang, CH, 2020)	1.58
"Melatonin has previously been shown to protect against cardiovascular disease, so this study sought to explore whether it attenuates vascular calcification by regulating mitochondrial fission via the AMP-activated protein kinase/dynamin-related protein 1 (AMPK/Drp1) signalling pathway."	( Melatonin attenuates vascular calcification by inhibiting mitochondria fission via an AMPK/Drp1 signalling pathway. Chen, WR; Liu, F; Sha, Y; Wu, XP; Yang, JQ; Zhou, YJ, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin has a powerful antioxidant and oncostatic effects that are expected to improve tumor hypoxia and clinical response."	( Effect of melatonin supplementation in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy to miR-210 and CD44 expression and clinical response improvement in locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma: a randomized controlled trial. Abdullah, M; Haryana, SM; Jusman, SW; Kartini, D; Maruli, H; Panigoro, SS; Purwanto, DJ; Rustamadji, P; Setiabudy, R; Siregar, BH; Sungkar, S; Suroyo, I; Sutandyo, N; Taher, A, 2020)	1.68
"Melatonin has been shown to protect against cardiovascular disease."	( Melatonin Attenuates Calcium Deposition from Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Activating Mitochondrial Fusion and Mitophagy via an AMPK/OPA1 Signaling Pathway. Chen, WR; Liu, F; Sha, Y; Wu, XP; Yang, JQ; Zhou, YJ, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin (MLT) has been prescribed as a treatment for BZD/HYP detoxification."	( Melatonin and melatonin agonists as treatments for benzodiazepines and hypnotics withdrawal in patients with primary insomnia. A systematic review. Abreu-Gonzalez, P; Fernandez-Lopez, L; Morera-Fumero, AL, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin has been shown to improve in vitro fertilization and offspring survival after bacterial infection, but its role in regulating maternal-fetal communication during early pregnancy has not been investigated. "	( Melatonin improves uterine-conceptus interaction via regulation of SIRT1 during early pregnancy. Bae, H; Bazer, FW; Lee, JY; Lim, W; Park, S; Song, G; Yang, C, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects against various diseases."	( Melatonin alleviates intestinal injury, neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction caused by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. Bai, YP; Chen, Y; Feng, JG; Jia, J; Liu, KX; Yang, B; Zhang, LY; Zhou, J, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin (MLT) has gained increasing attention due to its pleiotropic effects. "	( Role of exogenous melatonin in table grapes: First evidence on contribution to the phenolics-oriented response. Abdelshafy, AM; Ban, Z; Li, D; Li, L; Luo, Z; Qi, M; Wang, F; Wang, L; Xu, Y; Yang, M, 2020)	2.33
"Melatonin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can influence tissue growth and apoptosis. "	( Melatonin and organ transplantation: what is the relationship? Baracat, EC; Haddad, CF; Haddad, JM; Simões, RS; Soares Júnior, JM; Sorpreso, ICE; Veiga, ECA, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin has several unique features as it synchronises internal rhythm with daily and seasonal variations, regulates circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycle."	( Physiological and pharmacological perspectives of melatonin. Samanta, S, 2022)	1.7
"Melatonin (MT) has been proven to play an important defensive role against various abiotic stresses in plants and animals."	( Melatonin enhances the cadmium tolerance of mushrooms through antioxidant-related metabolites and enzymes. Gao, Y; Qian, J; Si, W; Tan, Q; Wang, Y; Xu, J; Zhao, Y, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin has been successfully tested in experimental models in mice as a drug capable of reversing steatosis."	( Effect of Melatonin as an Antioxidant Drug to Reverse Hepatic Steatosis: Experimental Model. García, JJ; Gonzalo, A; Güemes, A; Martínez Soriano, B; Martínez-Beamonte, R; Navarro, AC; Osada, J; Palacios Gasós, P; Pola, G, 2020)	1.68
"Melatonin (Mel) has neuroprotective effects; however, its roles in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. "	( Melatonin improves hypoxic-ischemic brain damage through the Akt/Nrf2/Gpx4 signaling pathway. Fan, Y; Gou, Z; Hu, X; Huang, L; Li, J; Lu, L; Su, X; Zhou, Y, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin has been shown with anticancer property and therapeutic potential for tumors. "	( Transcriptomic analysis on the effects of melatonin in gastrointestinal carcinomas. Ao, L; Chen, H; Guo, Z; Huang, H; Li, L; Li, Y; Sun, H; Wang, X; Zhou, R, 2020)	2.27
"Melatonin has been reported to present numerous antitumor effects, which result in a reduced cell growth."	( Regulation of cancer cell glucose metabolism is determinant for cancer cell fate after melatonin administration. Antolín, I; Duarte-Olivenza, C; Herrera, F; Martín, V; Puente-Moncada, N; Reiter, RJ; Rodríguez, C; Rodríguez-Blanco, J; Sánchez-Sánchez, AM; Turos-Cabal, M, 2021)	1.57
"Melatonin has antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects, but the potential effects and mechanism of melatonin on oxidative stress and apoptosis in rooster Leydig cells remain unclear."	( Melatonin inhibits the apoptosis of rooster Leydig cells by suppressing oxidative stress via AKT-Nrf2 pathway activation. Dong, Y; Liu, H; Lu, W; Wang, J; Zhao, J; Zhu, Q, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin has been shown beneficial effects on intracellular antioxidant functions and bone formation; however, whether it could restore the osteogenic potential of BMMSCs inhibited by wear particles was unknown."	( Melatonin Rescues the Ti Particle-Impaired Osteogenic Potential of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via the SIRT1/SOD2 Signaling Pathway. Chen, L; He, F; Lin, J; Wang, G; Yang, H; Zhang, Y; Zhu, X, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin has been implicated in the regulation of bone metabolism; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its involvement in fracture healing are still obscure. "	( Melatonin suppresses both osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation through repression of epidermal Erk signaling in the zebrafish scale. Hattori, A; Kobayashi, I; Kobayashi-Sun, J; Suzuki, N; Yamaguchi, M, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin has significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and mitochondrial protective effects, and its efficacy has been demonstrated in multiple experimental models of disease and in a clinical trial in sepsis."	( Clinical trial to test the efficacy of melatonin in COVID-19. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Acuña-Fernández, C; Borobia, AM; de la Oliva, P; Escames, G; Figueira, JC, 2020)	1.55
"Melatonin has recently been found to be a possible new regulator of bone metabolism. "	( Oral administration of melatonin contained in drinking water increased bone strength in naturally aged mice. Hattori, A; Hirata, K; Hirayama, J; Honda, M; Igarashi-Migitaka, J; Ikegame, M; Kamijo-Ikemori, A; Maruyama, Y; Matsubara, H; Mishima, H; Seki, A; Sekiguchi, T; Shimizu, N; Srivastav, AK; Suzuki, N, 2020)	2.31
"Melatonin (MT) has potential protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI), but its underlying regulatory mechanism has not been identified."	( Melatonin Plays a Protective Role by Regulating miR-26a-5p-NRSF and JAK2-STAT3 Pathway to Improve Autophagy, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cui, JW; Ma, X; Wei, LL; Yang, B; Zang, LE; Zhang, MY, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin has been shown to protect the heart against myocardial injury through mitigating oxidative stress, reducing apoptosis, inhibiting mitochondrial fission, etc."	( Melatonin promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart repair in mice with myocardial infarction via miR-143-3p/Yap/Ctnnd1 signaling pathway. Bamba, D; Cai, BZ; Gong, R; Han, ZB; Li, SN; Liu, SZ; Ma, WY; Pan, ZW; Song, RJ; Sun, HY; Wang, N; Wang, XX; Xu, BB; Xu, Y; Yang, F; Ye, DY; Yu, MX; Yu, Y, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects."	( Melatonin and gastrointestinal cancers: Current evidence based on underlying signaling pathways. Hosseinzadeh, A; Kamali, M; Mehrzadi, S; Pourhanifeh, MH, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin has significant inhibitory effects in numerous cancers, especially breast cancer. "	( Melatonin: A Potential Therapeutic Option for Breast Cancer. Fang, Y; Gao, J; Gao, R; Kong, X; Reiter, RJ; Wang, J; Wang, X; Wang, Z, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin has diverse functions in plant development and stress tolerance, with recent evidence showing a beneficial role in plant biotic stress tolerance. "	( Phytomelatonin: An Emerging Regulator of Plant Biotic Stress Resistance. Chen, S; Reiter, RJ; Wang, H; Yu, D; Zhao, D, 2021)	2.58
"Melatonin has been shown to act as a protector against various conditions in which free radicals cause molecular and tissue injury."	( Melatonin attenuates chemical-induced cardiotoxicity. Hayes, AW; Heydari, FS; Karimi, G; Reiter, RJ; Zare, S; Zirak, MR, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin (MEL) has multiple functions, and it has been described as a potential treatment for PD."	( Melatonin is an effective protector of gingival cells damaged by the cytotoxic effect of glutamate and DL-buthionine sulfoximine. Aguilar, JJ; Carpentieri, AR; Sola, VM; Vazquez Mosquera, AP, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin has been suggested to reduce oxidative stress by its potential radical scavenging properties."	( Effect of melatonin supplementation on oxidative stress parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Agah, S; Fazelian, S; Heshmati, J; Moradi, F; Morvaridzadeh, M; Nachvak, SM; Persad, E; Sadeghi, E, 2020)	1.68
"Melatonin (MEL) has been reported to enhance cognitive processes, making it a potential treatment for cognitive decline. "	( The melatonin metabolite N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine facilitates long-term object memory in young and aging mice. Chiba, A; Hattori, A; Iwashita, H; Maruyama, Y; Matsumoto, Y; Watanabe, K, 2021)	2.62
"Melatonin has shown anticancer activity in experimental investigations."	( Melatonin impedes prostate cancer metastasis by suppressing MMP-13 expression. Chang, AC; Chen, PC; Chen, SS; Chen, YH; Lai, YW; Lin, LW; Lin, TH; Tai, HC; Tang, CH; Wang, PC; Wang, SW, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin has also been shown to display anti-proliferative effects on breast cancer growth and proliferation."	( Circadian Rhythm and Concentration of Melatonin in Breast Cancer Patients. Ahabrach, H; Cauli, O; El Mlili, N; Errami, M, 2021)	1.61
"Melatonin (MEL) has emerged as a promising therapy for CD due to its antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties; however, the protective action of MEL in the cardiac tissue, as well as its direct action on the parasite cycle, is not fully understood."	( Melatonin decreases circulating Anchieta, NF; da Silva, CBP; de Albuquerque, S; Oliveira, PAS; Portapilla, GB; Providello, MV; Tirapelli, CR, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin has been reported to induce effective reduction in growth and development in a variety of tumors, including breast cancer. "	( Melatonin downregulates TRPC6, impairing store-operated calcium entry in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Alvarado, S; Diez-Bello, R; Falcon, D; Jardin, I; Regodon, S; Rosado, JA; Salido, GM; Smani, T, )	3.02
"Melatonin has the potential to be used as a chemotherapeutic adjuvant to simultaneously improve the outcome of anti-cancer treatment and preserve ovarian function during cisplatin chemotherapy. "	( Melatonin provides protection against cisplatin-induced ovarian damage and loss of fertility in mice. Chen, G; Chen, J; Guo, E; Huang, J; Li, K; Li, N; Lu, H; Ma, D; Shan, W; Sun, C; Wang, B; Wu, Y; Xi, L; Xia, M; Zhou, B, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin has been studied for decades as a molecule capable of reducing the negative effects of abiotic stressors by increasing tolerance to these adverse growth conditions."	( Melatonin Against Environmental Plant Stressors: A Review. Arnao, MB; Hernández-Ruiz, J, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin has been shown to reduce inflammation, inhibit cell proliferation and regulate differentiation of pulp cells. "	( Effects of melatonin in wound healing of dental pulp and periodontium: Evidence from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Chattipakorn, N; Chattipakorn, SC; Vaseenon, S, 2021)	2.45
"Melatonin has demonstrated antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective actions."	( Melatonin in Wine and Beer: Beneficial Effects. Arcusa, R; Marhuenda, J; Villaño, D; Zafrilla, P, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin has recently emerged as a multifunctional biomolecule with promising aspects in plant stress tolerance. "	( Melatonin alleviates drought impact on growth and essential oil yield of lemon verbena by enhancing antioxidant responses, mineral balance, and abscisic acid content. Hosseini, MS; Mostofa, MG; Rahman, MM; Samsampour, D; Tran, LP; Zahedi, SM; Zamanian, K, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin has been shown to have anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory effects and to reduce brain damage, mainly after hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy."	( Oral melatonin as a new tool for neuroprotection in preterm newborns: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Accorsi, P; Angelini, M; Aversa, S; Caporali, C; Cociglio, S; De Silvestri, A; Fazzi, E; Garofoli, F; Longo, S; Orcesi, S; Pisoni, C; Rizzo, V; Tzialla, C; Zecca, M, 2021)	1.86
"Melatonin has attracted extensive attention due to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects."	( Melatonin attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation of Müller cells in diabetic retinopathy via activating the Sirt1 pathway. Ji, N; Liu, X; Song, E; Sun, H; Tu, Y; Wang, K; Wang, Z; Zhang, Y; Zhu, L; Zhu, M; Zhu, Q, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative actions at the mitochondrial level. "	( Pretreatment with melatonin improves ovarian tissue cryopreservation for transplantation. Baracat, EC; Cipolla-Neto, J; Cotrim, FP; Damous, LL; Reiter, RJ; Roa, CL; Shiroma, ME; Soares, JM, 2021)	2.4
"Melatonin has multiple proposed therapeutic benefits including antioxidant properties, synchronisation of the circadian system and lowering of blood pressure. "	( Feasibility of 3-month melatonin supplementation for brain oxidative stress and sleep in mild cognitive impairment: protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled study. Chapman, JL; Duffy, SL; Gordon, CJ; Grunstein, RR; Hoyos, CM; La Monica, HM; Lewis, SJG; Marshall, NS; Menczel Schrire, Z; Mowszowski, L; Naismith, SL; Phillips, CL; Saini, B, 2021)	2.37
"Melatonin (MT) has been used in clinical treatment for sleep disorders with only minor side effects."	( Combined melatonin and adrenocorticotropic hormone treatment attenuates N-methyl-d-aspartate-induced infantile spasms in a rat model by regulating activation of the HPA axis. Li, Z; Shi, X; Sun, Y; Wan, L; Wang, J; Yang, G; Zhang, S, 2021)	1.76
"Melatonin has shown neuroprotective properties in pre-clinical studies of perinatal asphyxia through antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory actions. "	( Melatonin for neuroprotection in neonatal encephalopathy: A systematic review & meta-analysis of clinical trials. Ahmed, J; More, K; Pullattayil S, AK; Robertson, NJ, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin (MT) has been reported to regulate certain plant physiological processes and promote tolerance to different environmental stresses such as salinity. "	( Exogenous melatonin enhances the reactive oxygen species metabolism, antioxidant defense-related gene expression, and photosynthetic capacity of Phaseolus vulgaris L. to confer salt stress tolerance. ElSayed, AI; Gomaa, AM; Hasanuzzaman, M; Rafudeen, MS, 2021)	2.47
"Melatonin has enhanced or induced apoptosis in many different cancer cells, however, there has not been any study on the effects of melatonin in the treatment of ATC."	( Effects of melatonin on the toxicity and proliferation of human anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line. Bahadori, MH; Dabirian, S; Ghorbani-Anarkooli, M; Moladoust, H; Zendedel, A, 2021)	1.73
"Melatonin has an important protective and regulatory role in these cells."	( Melatonin promotes male reproductive performance and increases testosterone synthesis in mammalian Leydig cells†. Cao, L; Fu, Y; Gao, Y; Guan, S; Ji, P; Li, G; Lian, Z; Liu, G; Liu, J; Lv, D; Tao, J; Wang, J; Wu, H; Yang, M; Zhang, L; Zhu, K, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin has been shown to be an antioxidant, antiexcitotoxic, and anti-inflammatory hormone/molecule in neurodegenerative diseases, which may contribute to its antiepileptic and neuroprotective properties in epilepsy as well."	( Melatonin as an Antiepileptic Molecule: Therapeutic Implications via Neuroprotective and Inflammatory Mechanisms. Akyuz, E; Arulsamy, A; Kullu, I; Shaikh, MF, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin (MET) has an anti-radiation effect, but its metabolic period in the body is short."	( Protective effect of melatonin entrapped PLGA nanoparticles on radiation-induced lung injury through the miR-21/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Gao, J; Hao, Y; He, Y; Li, J; Lu, B; Ran, Y; Shu, C; Wang, S; Zhang, X; Zhao, Y, 2021)	1.66
"Melatonin has emerged as a potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective candidate."	( Melatonin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles endows nitric oxide synthase 2 mediated anti-inflammatory activity in inflammatory bowel disease model. Choudhury, SR; Karmakar, S; Sardoiwala, MN; Sharma, SS; Soni, JM, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin has been shown to prevent organ injuries, but its roles in the inflammatory response after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury have not been fully explored, especially in late ischemia-reperfusion injury."	( Melatonin attenuates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. Fan, ZL; Gao, Y; Huang, HF; Jin, L; Li, ZT; Lin, J; Zeng, Z, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin has several physiological functions especially antioxidant potential against oxidative stress."	( Dietary supplementation with melatonin: influence on growth performance, oxidative stress status, and amelioration of silver nanoparticles-induced toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Johari, SA; Safari, O; Sarkheil, M; Veisi, S, 2021)	1.63
"Melatonin has been reported to alleviate I/R injury by regulating mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics."	( Melatonin postconditioning ameliorates anoxia/reoxygenation injury by regulating mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in a SIRT3-dependent manner. Bai, Y; Gao, Y; Lin, D; Ma, J; Wang, Z; Yang, Y, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin (MT) has known biological activity and effectively relieved this type of Sclerotinia stem rot in B."	( Melatonin elevated Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance via modulation of ATP and glucosinolate biosynthesis in Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis. Hong, SB; Teng, Z; Yang, B; Yu, Y; Zang, Y; Zhu, Z, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin has been characterized as a growth regulator in plants. "	( Melatonin promotes Arabidopsis primary root growth in an IAA-dependent manner. Chan, Z; Li, J; Wang, Y; Yang, L; You, J, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin has shown promising effects in controlling the progress of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), introducing it as a possible candidate for NAFLD treatment. "	( The effects of melatonin therapy on the treatment of patients with Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and Meta-analysis on clinical trial studies. Akhavan Rezayat, A; Akhavan Rezayat, S; Amirkhanlou, F; Bondarsahebi, Y; Ghasemi Nour, M; Hozhabrossadati, SA; Imani, B; Kiani, M, 2021)	2.42
"Melatonin has improved the inflammatory response in periodontal disease, dental surgeries, and mucositis of head and neck oncologic irradiated patients."	( Melatonin as an adjunctive treatment on dental procedures: A systematic review. Cantiga-Silva, C; Cintra, LTA; de Oliveira, PHC; Faria, FD; Lemos, CAA; Pellizzer, EP, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin has been proved to be a free radical scavenger with strong antioxidant activity, and its protective effect on diabetes and the complications has been confirmed."	( Melatonin attenuates aortic oxidative stress injury and apoptosis in STZ-diabetes rats by Notch1/Hes1 pathway. Li, BY; Ma, JX; Pei, F; Ren, BC; Zhang, W, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin has been known as an anti-inflammatory agent and immune modulator that may address progressive pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)."	( Efficacy of a Low Dose of Melatonin as an Adjunctive Therapy in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial. Aghamollaei, H; Akbariqomi, M; Alishiri, G; Badri, T; Bagheri, M; Farnoosh, G; Fasihi-Ramandi, M; Ghaleh, HEG; Hassanpour, K; Izadi, M; Rezaie, E; Saeedi-Boroujeni, A, 2022)	2.46
"Melatonin has demonstrated a beneficial effect on bone metabolism with the potential to treat fractures, bone defects and osteoporosis."	( Melatonin having Therapeutic Bone Regenerating Capacity in Biomaterials. He, C; Huang, J; Li, Y, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin has been reported to have tumor-suppressive effects via comprehensive molecular mechanisms, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may participate in this process. "	( Melatonin inhibits triple-negative breast cancer progression through the Lnc049808-FUNDC1 pathway. Huang, Z; Kong, Y; Li, X; Liu, P; Ou, S; Peng, C; Peng, F; Wu, S; Yang, A; Zhu, L, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin has been proposed as a safe therapeutic agent for COVID-19 recently, having been given with a US Food and Drug Administration emergency authorized cocktail, REGEN-COV2, for management of COVID-19 progression."	( Melatonin interferes with COVID-19 at several distinct ROS-related steps. Abu-Soud, HM; Bai, D; Camp, OG; Gonullu, DC; Nayak, N, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin (MT) has a good analgesic effect in many diseases, including fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain, chronic headache, and burn pain, with very low acute toxicity and side effects."	( Melatonin Abates TMJOA Chronic Pain by MT Feng, Y; Hu, S; Jiang, H; Ke, J; Li, H; Liu, W; Liu, X; Long, X, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin has a well-documented efficacy in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and low back pain. "	( Melatonin Alleviates Radiculopathy Against Apoptosis and NLRP3 Inflammasomes Via the Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy Pathway. Chen, Z; Jiang, J; Ma, X; Wang, H; Xia, X; Xie, L; Zhao, Z; Zheng, C, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin has a myriad of immune functions, and we hypothesised that this therapeutic agent could modulate the innate immune system in this cohort."	( Melatonin as an immunomodulator in children with Down syndrome. Balfe, J; Doherty, DG; Fallah, L; Gallagher, E; Huggard, D; Kelly, L; Lagan, N; McGrane, F; Molloy, EJ; Roche, E; Worrall, A; Yoo, LL, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin has been confirmed to be useful in various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, liver injuries and diseases, and cancers, while its role in IBDs remains unclear."	( Melatonin reduces inflammation in intestinal cells, organoids and intestinal explants. Yuan, XQ; Zhang, XM, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin has attracted substantial attention because of its excellent prospects for both medical applications and crop improvement. "	( Combining protein and metabolic engineering strategies for biosynthesis of melatonin in Escherichia coli. Dong, Z; Gan, J; He, Y; Zhang, N; Zhang, S; Zhang, Y, 2021)	2.29
"Melatonin has oncostatic actions and IL-25 is active in inflammatory processes that induce apoptosis in tumor cells AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate melatonin and IL-25 in metastatic (CF-41) and non-metastatic (CMT-U229) canine mammary tumor cells cultured as monolayers and tridimensional structures."	( Melatonin and IL-25 modulate apoptosis and angiogenesis mediators in metastatic (CF-41) and non-metastatic (CMT-U229) canine mammary tumour cells. Borin, TF; Gelaleti, GB; Hellmén, E; Maschio-Signorini, LB; Moschetta, MG; Viloria-Petit, AM; Zuccari, DAPC, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin has neuroprotective effects in many diseases, including neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic (HI) brain injury. "	( Melatonin reduces hypoxic-ischaemic (HI) induced autophagy and apoptosis: An in vivo and in vitro investigation in experimental models of neonatal HI brain injury. Fang, M; Hu, Y; Jiang, H; Li, Z; Lin, Z; Liu, Y; Pan, S; Wang, Z; Xiao, J; Yin, J; Zhang, H; Zou, S, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin has a significant inhibitory effect on various cancers, especially on breast cancer. "	( [Inhibitory effects of melatonin on breast cancer]. Jiang, Z; Ma, F, 2017)	2.21
"Melatonin has been reported to improve sleep efficiency and it was found that eating melatonin-rich foods could assist sleep."	( Dietary Sources and Bioactivities of Melatonin. Gan, RY; Li, HB; Li, S; Li, Y; Meng, X; Xu, DP; Zhou, Y, 2017)	1.45
"Melatonin has demonstrated to have beneficial effects on dental pathologies, although further research is needed to understand the exact mechanisms of this molecule."	( Melatonin: A Review of Its Potential Functions and Effects on Dental Diseases. González-Cantalapiedra, A; López-Peña, M; Muñoz, F; Permuy, M, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin has been shown to synchronize the circadian rhythms, and improve the onset, duration and quality of sleep."	( A review of sleep disorders and melatonin. Chen, F; Feng, Y; Geng, X; Li, C; Li, WA; Liu, W; Meng, X; Xie, Z; Yu, F, 2017)	1.46
"Melatonin has a favorable effect in ameliorating MI/R injury."	( Melatonin ameliorates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury through SIRT3-dependent regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Duan, W; Gao, E; Jin, Z; Jing, L; Li, B; Liang, H; Liu, Z; Ren, K; Yang, Y; Yu, B; Yu, L; Yu, S; Zhai, M; Zhang, B; Zhang, M, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin has been used as a premedicant agent and data regarding effectiveness are controversial."	( Premedication with melatonin vs midazolam: efficacy on anxiety and compliance in paediatric surgical patients. Alibrandi, A; Arena, S; Cuzzocrea, F; D'Angelo, G; Gitto, E; Gravina, MR; Gugliandolo, MC; Impellizzeri, P; Larcan, R; Marseglia, L; Montalto, AS; Romeo, C; Russo, T; Vinci, E, 2017)	1.5
"• Melatonin has been successfully used as a premedicant agent in adults, while data regarding effectiveness in children are controversial."	( Premedication with melatonin vs midazolam: efficacy on anxiety and compliance in paediatric surgical patients. Alibrandi, A; Arena, S; Cuzzocrea, F; D'Angelo, G; Gitto, E; Gravina, MR; Gugliandolo, MC; Impellizzeri, P; Larcan, R; Marseglia, L; Montalto, AS; Romeo, C; Russo, T; Vinci, E, 2017)	1.34
"Melatonin has been previously shown to be beneficial in reversing toxic changes in the heart."	( On the mechanisms of melatonin in protection of aluminum phosphide cardiotoxicity. Abdollahi, M; Aminjan, HH; Asghari, MH; Baeeri, M; Baghaei, A; Hassani, S; Jafari, A; Moghadamnia, AA; Moloudizargari, M; Ostad, SN; Rahimifard, M; Solgi, R, 2017)	1.5
"Melatonin has been shown to palliate different lesions by scavenging free radicals, but its role in the reduction of the fluoxetine-induced injuries has been little known."	( Protective effects of melatonin on long-term administration of fluoxetine in rats. Khaksar, M; Oryan, A; Rahbarghazi, R; Rezabakhsh, A; Sayyari, M, 2017)	1.49
"Melatonin (Mel) has strong antioxidant properties since it is a direct scavenger of oxygen-based free radicals and related species. "	( The neuroprotective effect of melatonin on the hippocampus exposed to diclofenac sodium during the prenatal period. Kaplan, S; Kıvrak, EG; Yurt, KK, 2018)	2.21
"Melatonin has been proposed as a link between circadian rhythms and joint diseases including RA and OA."	( Melatonin in regulation of inflammatory pathways in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: involvement of circadian clock genes. Baghi, HB; Jahanban-Esfahlan, R; Khatami, N; Majidinia, M; Mehrzadi, S; Reiter, RJ; Sadeghpour, A; Seidi, K; Yousefi, B, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin has been known to promote osteoblast differentiation and bone maturation, but a direct role of melatonin on osteoclast differentiation is still elusive."	( Suppression of Osteoclastogenesis by Melatonin: A Melatonin Receptor-Independent Action. Bae, MK; Kim, HJ; Kim, YD, 2017)	1.45
"Melatonin has been widely studied in the treatment of sleep disorders and evidence is accumulating on a possible role for melatonin influencing mood. "	( Melatonin as a treatment for mood disorders: a systematic review. Cordey, JH; Cowen, PJ; De Crescenzo, F; Gibson, JC; Lennox, A; Quested, DJ; Stockton, S, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin has been reported to prevent or attenuate such pathological protein changes in several chronic diseases."	( High-fat diet-induced plasma protein and liver changes in obese rats can be attenuated by melatonin supplementation. Govitrapong, P; Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya, C; Kitidee, K; Klosen, P; Pannengpetch, S; Wongchitrat, P, 2017)	1.4
"Melatonin has antioxidant, antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory effects."	( Evaluation of Salivary Melatonin Levels in HIV-positive Patients: A Historical Cohort Study. Ahmadi-Motamayel, F; Goodarzi, MT; Poorolajal, J; Samie, L; Vaziri-Amjad, S, 2017)	1.49
"Melatonin also has the capability to suppress the release of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a hormone that promotes cholangiocyte proliferation when serum levels are elevated."	( Melatonin inhibits hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone release and reduces biliary hyperplasia and fibrosis in cholestatic rats. Alpini, G; DeMorrow, S; Giang, T; Glaser, S; Grant, S; Greene, JF; Jefferson, B; Kyritsi, K; McMillin, M; Meng, F; Venter, J; Wu, N; Zhou, T, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-allodynia effects in both preclinical and clinical studies."	( Melatonin Attenuates Pain Hypersensitivity and Decreases Astrocyte-Mediated Spinal Neuroinflammation in a Rat Model of Oxaliplatin-Induced Pain. Cui, W; Li, LB; Li, YY; Tian, BP; Wang, YS; Zhang, GS; Zhang, ZC, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin has antitumor activity via several mechanisms including its anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. "	( Melatonin increases the effect of 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Bejarano, I; Espino, J; Pariente, JA; Pariente, R; Rodríguez, AB, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects."	( Melatonin prevents memory impairment induced by high-fat diet: Role of oxidative stress. Alzoubi, KH; Khabour, OF; Mahafzah, R; Mayyas, FA, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin has antioxidant and scavenger effects in the cellular antioxidant system. "	( Melatonin enhances the developmental competence of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos by preventing DNA damage induced by oxidative stress. Jin, YX; Kim, NH; Liang, S; Yuan, B; Zhang, JB, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin has been suggested to treat osteoporosis due to its beneficial actions on osteoblast differentiation."	( Melatonin at pharmacological concentrations suppresses osteoclastogenesis via the attenuation of intracellular ROS. Chen, X; Guo, Q; He, F; Li, M; Liu, T; Pan, G; Pei, M; Yan, J; Yang, H; Zhou, L; Zhu, C, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin has antitumor activity via several mechanisms including its antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in addition to its potent antioxidant actions. "	( Participation of MT3 melatonin receptors in the synergistic effect of melatonin on cytotoxic and apoptotic actions evoked by chemotherapeutics. Bejarano, I; Espino, J; Pariente, JA; Pariente, R; Rodríguez, AB, 2017)	2.22
"Melatonin has antinociceptive effect and is involved in morphine-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance but the mechanism of its involvement remains to be defined."	( Role of endogenous melatoninergic system in development of hyperalgesia and tolerance induced by chronic morphine administration in rats. Fan, Y; Liang, X; Song, L; Wang, R, 2017)	1.5
"Melatonin has attenuated myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in experimental studies. "	( Effect of Intracoronary and Intravenous Melatonin on Myocardial Salvage Index in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: a Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial. Aarøe, J; Ekeloef, S; Fonnes, S; Gasbjerg, LS; Gögenur, I; Halladin, N; Jensen, SE; Jonsson, G; Rosenberg, J; Rosenkilde, MM; Zaremba, T, 2017)	2.17
"Melatonin has anti-tumor activity via several mechanisms including its anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects as well as its potent pro-oxidant action in tumor cells."	( Melatonin increases human cervical cancer HeLa cells apoptosis induced by cisplatin via inhibition of JNK/Parkin/mitophagy axis. Chen, L; Gao, J; Li, Y; Liu, L, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin has a protective role in adults with cardiovascular disease, but the effects of melatonin in children with cardiac dysfunction are not well understood. "	( Serum levels of melatonin may contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure in children with median age of 1 year. Luo, L; Si, F; Wu, Y; Yi, Q, )	1.92
"Melatonin has been shown to exert antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on various human cancers."	( Melatonin-Induced Changes in Cytosolic Calcium Might be Responsible for Apoptosis Induction in Tumour Cells. Babula, P; Chovancova, B; Grman, M; Hudecova, S; Krizanova, O; Lencesova, L; Moravcik, R; Penesova, A; Rezuchova, I; Zeman, M, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties."	( Pathological lesions and global DNA methylation in rat prostate under streptozotocin-induced diabetes and melatonin supplementation. de Campos, SGP; Gobbo, MG; Góes, RM; Ribeiro, DL; Taboga, SR; Tamarindo, GH, 2018)	1.42
"Melatonin has been used as a powerful endogenous antioxidant to protect cells from oxidative injury."	( Poly(Lactide-Co-Glycolide)-Monomethoxy-Poly-(Polyethylene Glycol) Nanoparticles Loaded with Melatonin Protect Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Transplanted in Infarcted Heart Tissue. Cao, F; Chen, Y; Guo, W; Huang, X; Li, J; Li, S; Ma, Q; Yang, J; Zhou, H, 2018)	1.42
"As melatonin has no effect on nonstimulated cells, it is likely that melatonin can counteract ERK activation only downstream of nicotine-induced activation."	( Increase in motility and invasiveness of MCF7 cancer cells induced by nicotine is abolished by melatonin through inhibition of ERK phosphorylation. Bizzarri, M; Catizone, A; Cucina, A; Dinicola, S; Fabrizi, G; Masiello, MG; Minini, M; Proietti, S; Reiter, RJ; Ricci, G; Verna, R, 2018)	1.21
"Melatonin has been reported to alleviate chilling symptoms in postharvest peach fruit during cold storage, however, the mechanism involved is largely unknown. "	( Melatonin increases chilling tolerance in postharvest peach fruit by alleviating oxidative damage. Cao, S; Chen, W; Shao, J; Shen, Z; Shi, L; Xu, L; Yang, Z, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin has shown the potential to inhibit growth of different tumors, both in vitro and in vivo. "	( Melatonin with adenosine solubilized in water and stabilized with glycine for oncological treatment - technical preparation, effectivity and clinical findings. Di Bella, G; Di Bella, L; Gualano, L, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin has oncostatic, antiangiogenic and antimetastatic properties, and some recent studies have indicated an inhibitory effect of melatonin on NF-kB in some types of cancer."	( Melatonin Differentially Modulates NF-кB Expression in Breast and Liver Cancer Cells. Braga, CZ; Colombo, J; Ferreira, JPS; Girol, AP; Jardim-Perassi, BV; Júnior, RP; Moschetta, MG; Sonehara, NM; Zuccari, DAPC, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin has long been known for its apparent effects on sleep and circadian rhythm. "	( Melatonin as an endogenous regulator of diseases: The role of autophagy. Hayes, AW; Karimi, G; Reiter, RJ; Roohbakhsh, A; Shamsizadeh, A, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin has been shown to inhibit various carcinomas, including GC."	( Melatonin induces the apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation of human gastric cancer cells via blockade of the AKT/MDM2 pathway. Li, L; Liu, H; Luo, JH; Ma, SJ; Song, J; Wang, RX; Zhang, H; Zhang, ZG; Zhou, RX, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin treatment has been reported to be capable of ameliorating metabolic diabetes-related abnormalities but also to cause hypogonadism in rats. "	( Combined treatment with melatonin and insulin improves glycemic control, white adipose tissue metabolism and reproductive axis of diabetic male rats. Andreotti, S; Campana, AB; Coelho-de-Souza, AN; de Proença, ARG; Donato-Junior, J; Lima, FB; Oliveira, AC; Oliveira, KA; Sertie, RAL; Vasconcelos, RP, 2018)	2.23
"Melatonin (MLT) has been reported to modulate immune system responses."	( A comparative study of melatonin and immunomodulatory therapy with interferon beta and glatiramer acetate in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Bitzer Quintero, OK; García Martínez, DZ; Jave Suárez, LF; Leal Cortes, CA; Ortiz, GG; Ramirez Jirano, LJ; Ramos González, EJ, 2021)	1.65
"Melatonin has emerged as a research highlight regarding its important role in regulating plant growth and the adaptation to the environmental stresses. "	( Exogenous Melatonin Confers Cadmium Tolerance by Counterbalancing the Hydrogen Peroxide Homeostasis in Wheat Seedlings. Fu, S; Huang, S; Liu, W; Ni, J; Shah, FA; Wang, D; Wang, Q; Wu, L, 2018)	2.33
"Melatonin has been used for correcting summer dependent anestrous via inducing resumption of ovarian activity."	( Effects of melatonin supplementation prior to Ovsynch protocol on ovarian activity and conception rates in anestrous Murrah buffalo heifers during out of breeding season. Balhara, AK; Ghuman, SS; Gunwant, P; Pandey, AK; Phogat, JB, 2018)	1.59
"Melatonin research has been experiencing hyper growth in the last two decades; this relates to its numerous physiological functions including anti-inflammation, oncostasis, circadian and endocrine rhythm regulation, and its potent antioxidant activity. "	( The multiple functions of melatonin in regenerative medicine. Darband, SG; Jahanban-Esfahlan, R; Kaviani, M; Majidinia, M; Mohebbi, I; Nabavi, SM; Rastegar, M; Reiter, RJ; Shakouri, SK; Yousefi, B, 2018)	2.22
"Melatonin has been considered as an effective remedy for circadian rhythm shift."	( Circadian rhythm resynchronization improved isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged mice. Chu, S; Cui, Y; Gu, X; Li, X; Ma, Z; Qian, Y; Shao, X; Song, J; Xia, T; Xu, F, 2018)	1.2
"Melatonin has numerous effects on animal reproduction, such as protection of gametes and embryos, response to clock genes, immune-neuroendocrine, reconciliation of seasonal variations in immune function, and silence or blockage of genes."	( Research progress on the role of melatonin and its receptors in animal reproduction: A comprehensive review. Bhattarai, D; Brohi, RD; Chandio, IB; JiaJia, L; Rehman, Z; Talpur, HS; Ullah, F; Worku, T; Yang, L, 2018)	1.48
"Melatonin has been indicated as a possible oncostatic agent in different types of cancer, its antiproliferative role being demonstrated in several in vitro and in vivo experimental models of tumors. "	( Melatonin Analogue Antiproliferative and Cytotoxic Effects on Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Bevilacqua, A; Calastretti, A; Canti, G; Dugnani, S; Gatti, G; Lucini, V; Scaglione, F, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, sedative, and anxiolytic properties. "	( Changes in Melatonin, Cortisol, and Body Temperature, and the Relationship Between Endogenous Melatonin Levels and Analgesia Consumption in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery. Altunkaya, N; Colak, C; Durmus, M; Erdogan, MA; Erdogan, S; Ozgul, U; Ozhan, O; Sanli, M; Sumer, F; Ucar, M, 2018)	2.31
"Melatonin deficiency has been associated with obesity and systemic inflammation. "	( Melatonin expression in periodontitis and obesity: An experimental in-vivo investigation. Cano, P; Esquifino, AI; Fernández-Mateos, P; González, J; Haugen, HJ; Jiménez-Ortega, V; Sanz, M; Virto, L, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin has been shown to exert pleiotropic protective actions, such as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress on many cell- and organ-types."	( Study of melatonin-mediated effects on various hepatic inflammatory responses stimulated by IL-6 in a new HepG2-on-a-chip platform. Jang, M; Kleber, A; Manz, A; Volk, T, 2018)	1.62
"Melatonin has been demonstrated to protect cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) against ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). "	( Melatonin Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Autophagy Via an AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Chen, WR; Chen, YD; Liu, HB; Ma, Q; Mu, Y; Sha, Y; Zhu, PJ, 2018)	3.37
"As melatonin has important antioxidant and cancer-protective effects, further research is necessary to elucidate whether these patients have an increased risk of developing secondary neoplasms and other radiation late effects."	( Melatonin secretion following brain midline irradiation is diminished, but not correlated with subjective sleep disturbances. Brabant, G; Clusmann, H; Gebauer, J; Kreitschmann-Andermahr, I; Piroth, M; Rosenkranz, E; Siegel, S; Thissen, A, 2018)	2.44
"Melatonin has been shown to inhibit myocardial infarction-induced apoptosis, its function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has not been investigated. "	( Melatonin improves cardiac function in a mouse model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Dong, JZ; Gao, L; Guo, S; Li, L; Li, LN; Liang, C; Liu, Y; Liu, YZ; Tu, S; Wang, D; Yang, HB; Zhao, XY, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin (MT) has shown remarkable neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects in treating central nervous system (CNS) injuries and degeneration by inhibiting caspase-1, -3, and -9 activation and mitochondrial cytochrome c release, as well as reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation."	( Melatonin improves quality and longevity of chronic neural recording. Carlisle, DL; Cui, XT; Friedlander, RM; Golabchi, A; Kozai, TDY; Li, X; Wu, B, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects."	( Melatonin inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lipopolysaccharide-induced endometritis in mice. Cao, Y; Fu, Y; Guo, J; Hu, X; Li, D; Li, Y; Wang, J; Zhang, N, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin has important immuno-regulatory effects in inflammatory disorders but its specific role in Helicobacter pylori induced gastritis remains unclear. "	( Melatonin mediated Foxp3-downregulation decreases cytokines production via the TLR2 and TLR4 pathways in H. pylori infected mice. Chen, L; Li, L; Lin, D; Lin, M; Liu, H; Luo, J; Song, J; Zhang, F; Zhang, H; Zhang, M; Zhang, Z; Zhou, R, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin has been shown to act directly on several reproductive events, including folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation, and corpus luteum (CL) formation."	( From Implantation to Birth: Insight into Molecular Melatonin Functions. Carlomagno, G; Minini, M; Tilotta, M; Unfer, V, 2018)	1.45
"Melatonin has been shown to improve lipid metabolism and gut microbiota communities in animals and humans; however, it remains to know whether melatonin prevents obesity through gut microbiota. "	( Melatonin reprogramming of gut microbiota improves lipid dysmetabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice. Chen, S; Deng, J; Fang, R; Gao, J; Han, H; Huang, X; Li, T; Li, Y; Liu, G; Reiter, RJ; Ren, W; Wu, X; Yin, J; Yin, Y; Yu, Q; Zhang, D; Zhu, C; Zhu, G, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin (MEL) has been revealed as a phylogenetically conserved molecule with a ubiquitous distribution from primitive photosynthetic bacteria to higher plants, including algae and fungi. "	( Phytomelatonin: Recent advances and future prospects. Kanwar, MK; Yu, J; Zhou, J, 2018)	2.44
"Melatonin has shown protective action, shielding liver cells from toxic effects of soman, which may result from its antioxidant properties and stimulation of the lysosomal compartment, the system coordinating the isolation and removal of cell-threatening processes."	( Assessment of exogenous melatonin action on mouse liver cells after exposure to soman. Antkowiak, B; Brytan, M; Ciechanowska, M; Kopacz-Bednarska, A; Kowalczyk, M; Król, G; Król, T; Paluch, M; Saracyn, M; Trybus, E; Trybus, W, 2018)	1.51
"Melatonin has pleiotropic properties such as suppressive effects on serum level of autotaxin which relieves itching of atopic dermatitis."	( Is melatonin effective for pruritus caused by liver disease? Esmaeili, A; Namazi, S, 2018)	1.82
"Melatonin has a wide range of actions, from scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) to regulating gene expression, and it can also act by way of melatonin receptors."	( Effects of melatonin on oocyte developmental competence and the role of melatonin receptor 1 in juvenile goats. Catalá, MG; Izquierdo, D; Menéndez-Blanco, I; Paramio, MT; Piras, AR; Roura, M; Soto-Heras, S, 2019)	1.63
"Melatonin (MLT) has often been cited in the literature as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent."	( Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of melatonin on recovery from muscular trauma induced in rats. Colares, JR; Hartmann, RM; Marroni, NP; Ostjen, CA; Rosa, CGS; Schemitt, EG, 2019)	1.5
"Melatonin intervention has no significant influence on well-being, sleepiness, sleep quality, pain intensity after 1 and 3 hours, headache, depression, and dizziness for laparoscopic cholecystectomy."	( The Influence of Melatonin on Sleep Quality After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Wang, Y; Xu, H; Yang, J; Zhang, J, 2019)	2.3
"Melatonin has been reported as a direct and indirect free radical scavenger, but in this study, we explored the effect of melatonin on assisting in DNA repair by expression of Cdkn1a and Rad50; both of these genes are involved in DNA repair signaling, induced by radiation in rat peripheral blood."	( Radioprotective effect of melatonin on expression of Bazzaz, JT; Ghazi-Khansari, M; Izadi, P; Rezaeejam, H; Shirazi, A; Tabesh, GA; Valizadeh, M, 2018)	1.5
"Melatonin has been proven to exert anti-tumor activity, but the effect of melatonin on MLL-r leukemia and the underlying mechanism remain poorly understood."	( Melatonin inhibits MLL-rearranged leukemia via RBFOX3/hTERT and NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathways. Deng, W; Huang, LB; Huang, W; Ke, ZY; Li, Y; Liang, C; Liu, XJ; Luo, JS; Luo, XQ; Peng, CJ; Qin, G; Sun, X; Tang, WY; Tang, YL; Wang, LN; Zhang, XL, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin research has expanded rapidly, affecting an impressive enhancement in the understanding of its functions in plants and animals."	( New insights into the role of melatonin in plants and animals. Agathokleous, E; Calabrese, EJ; Kitao, M, 2019)	1.52
"Melatonin has been proposed as an alternative treatment to the usage of EDTA for lead intoxication. "	( Computational study of metal complexes formed with EDTA, melatonin, and its main metabolites: implications in lead intoxication and clues to a plausible alternative treatment. Díaz-Cervantes, E; García-Revilla, MA; Martínez-Alfaro, M; Robles, J; Soto-Arredondo, K; Villaseñor-Granados, T, 2019)	2.2
"Melatonin has protective roles in normal cells and cytotoxic actions in cancer cells, with effects involving autophagy and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor pathways. "	( Melatonin: The smart molecule that differentially modulates autophagy in tumor and normal placental cells. Bienvenue-Pariseault, J; Sagrillo-Fagundes, L; Vaillancourt, C, 2019)	3.4
"Melatonin has been demonstrated to be beneficial in several inflammatory autoimmune diseases, but its effects in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain controversial."	( Melatonin attenuates TNF-α and IL-1β expression in synovial fibroblasts and diminishes cartilage degradation: Implications for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Chiou, CH; Hu, SL; Huang, CC; Liu, SC; Su, CM; Tang, CH; Tsai, CH, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin has a potential therapeutic value in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disease that is associated with a dramatic decline in memory and cognitive abilities. "	( Melatonin protective effect against amyloid β-induced neurotoxicity mediated by mitochondrial biogenesis; involvement of hippocampal Sirtuin-1 signaling pathway. Ansari Dezfouli, M; Farahmandfar, M; Khodagholi, F; Zahmatkesh, M, 2019)	3.4
"Melatonin (MEL) has been widely reported to be beneficial to plant growth and development, but few studies have combined investigations of the performance and function of MEL with detailed physiologically based analyses of nitrogen (N) uptake and metabolism in staple crops. "	( Melatonin promotes plant growth by increasing nitrogen uptake and assimilation under nitrogen deficient condition in winter wheat. Deng, X; Ke, Q; Qiao, Y; Wang, B; Wang, S; Yin, L, 2019)	3.4
"Melatonin has been indicated to be effective in treating sleep disorders induced by MA, and it can also protect neuronal cells against MA-induced neurotoxicity."	( Melatonin pretreatment attenuates acute methamphetamine-induced aggression in male ICR mice. Chen, J; Li, S; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Zhai, H, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin has been shown to decrease the toxic effects of cisplatin due to its antioxidant activity, and could increase the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy."	( Protective Effect of Melatonin on Cisplatin-induced Ototoxicity in Rats. DE Araujo, JG; Kückelhaus, SAS; Lauand, L; Sampaio, ALL; Serra, LSM, 2019)	1.55
"Melatonin has been reported to improve the survival rate of mouse and goat preantral follicles cultured in vitro. "	( Melatonin improves developmental competence of oocyte-granulosa cell complexes from porcine preantral follicles. Cao, Z; Gao, D; Li, Y; Liu, Y; Pu, Y; Tong, X; Wang, Y; Xu, T; Zhang, D; Zhang, Y, 2019)	3.4
"Melatonin has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. "	( Melatonin improves the structure and function of autografted mice ovaries through reducing inflammation: A stereological and biochemical analysis. Noori Hassanvand, M; Shojafar, E; Soleimani Mehranjani, M, 2019)	3.4
"melatonin has been introduced as a therapeutic strategy for sleep disorders."	( Neuroprotective effect of exogenous melatonin on the noradrenergic neurons of adult male rats' locus coeruleus nucleus following REM sleep deprivation. Aliaghaei, A; Amini, M; Danyali, S; Jameie, SB; Khodagholi, F; Mesgar, S; Raoofi, A; Sadeghi, Y; Sorraya, M, 2019)	1.51
"Melatonin has been shown to reduce oxidative stress and mitigate hypercoagulability. "	( Melatonin for prevention of placental malperfusion and fetal compromise associated with intrauterine inflammation-induced oxidative stress in a mouse model. Burd, I; Dong, J; Jia, B; Jones-Beatty, K; Lee, JY; Lei, J; Li, S; McLane, MW; Na, Q; Ozen, M; Shin, NE, 2019)	3.4
"Melatonin has been reported to have multiple roles in the central nervous system (CNS), including improving neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, suppressing neuroinflammation, enhancing memory function, and protecting against oxidative stress."	( Pineal gland dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: relationship with the immune-pineal axis, sleep disturbance, and neurogenesis. Song, J, 2019)	1.24
"Melatonin has been reported to promote oocyte maturation as an antioxidant in nonprimate species."	( Melatonin promotes human oocyte maturation and early embryo development by enhancing clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Chen, ZJ; Huang, T; Li, Y; Liu, H; Ma, J; Wu, K; Zhao, H; Zhao, S, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin has been shown to regulate CGRP and control its release."	( Current understanding of pineal gland structure and function in headache. Amaral, FG; Cipolla-Neto, J; Peres, MF; Valença, MM, 2019)	1.24
"Melatonin has been used successfully as a treatment for migraine, cluster headaches and other headaches. "	( Current understanding of pineal gland structure and function in headache. Amaral, FG; Cipolla-Neto, J; Peres, MF; Valença, MM, 2019)	1.96
"Melatonin has diverse physiological actions in addition to its well-recognized maintenance roles in circadian and seasonal timing. "	( Mechanisms of melatonin-induced protection in the brain of late gestation fetal sheep in response to hypoxia. Castillo-Melendez, M; Jenkin, G; Miller, SL; Walker, DW; Wallace, EM; Yawno, T, 2012)	2.18
"Melatonin has been found in the digestive tract of many vertebrates. "	( The arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) acetylates dopamine in the digestive tract of goldfish: a role in intestinal motility. Alonso Gómez, AL; Delgado, MJ; Moure, AL; Nisembaum, LG; Tinoco, AB; Valenciano, AI, 2013)	1.83
"Melatonin has a wide variety of beneficial actions at the level of the gonads and their adnexa. "	( Peripheral reproductive organ health and melatonin: ready for prime time. Manchester, LC; Reiter, RJ; Rosales-Corral, SA; Tan, DX, 2013)	2.1
"Melatonin has emerged as an important analgesic, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory agent."	( Efficacy of melatonin in the treatment of endometriosis: a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Caumo, W; Conceição Dos Santos, CC; Costa, GD; da Cunha Filho, JS; de Souza, A; de Souza, IC; Deitos, A; Schwertner, A; Torres, IL, 2013)	1.49
"Melatonin has free radical scavenging ability besides its classical role as a hormonal signaling agent."	( Attenuation of age-related increase of protein carbonylation in the liver of mice by melatonin and curcumin. Dkhar, P; Sharma, R, 2013)	1.34
"Melatonin has been investigated relative to bone remolding, osteoporosis, osseointegration of dental implants and dentine formation."	( Melatonin effects on hard tissues: bone and tooth. He, HW; Huang, F; Liu, J, 2013)	2.55
"Melatonin has been used as an adjunct to interleukin-2 therapy for malignant neoplasms, as contraceptive, in the management of various forms of insomnia, to alleviate jet lag following long flights, and finally as free radical scavenger and hence as an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory."	( Melatonin: comprehensive profile. Al-Omary, FA, 2013)	2.55
"Melatonin receptors have been studied for several decades. "	( New radioligands for describing the molecular pharmacology of MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors. Berthelot, P; Boutin, JA; Brayer, JL; Caignard, DH; Delagrange, P; Folleas, B; Grelak, T; Guillaumet, G; Hassler, W; Lefoulon, F; Legros, C; Matthey, U; Nosjean, O; Pedragona-Moreau, S; Suzenet, F; Thomas, E; Yous, S, 2013)	2.06
"Melatonin has been involved in schizophrenia since the first decades of the twentieth century."	( Role of melatonin in schizophrenia. Abreu-Gonzalez, P; Morera-Fumero, AL, 2013)	1.55
"Melatonin has been shown to have a protective role against amyloid toxicity."	( Effect of melatonin and cholesterol on the structure of DOPC and DPPC membranes. Choi, Y; Drolle, E; Hoopes, MI; Karttunen, M; Katsaras, J; Kučerka, N; Leonenko, Z, 2013)	1.51
"Melatonin therapy has been investigated in several animal models of autoimmune disease, where it has a beneficial effect in a number of models excepting rheumatoid arthritis, and has been evaluated in clinical autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis."	( Modulation by melatonin of the pathogenesis of inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Chang, DM; Chen, SJ; Huang, SH; Lin, GJ; Sytwu, HK; Wang, CH, 2013)	1.47
"Melatonin receptors have been described throughout the cardiovascular system; however, there is a paucity of data on the function of placental melatonin receptors."	( Uterine infusion of melatonin or melatonin receptor antagonist alters ovine feto-placental hemodynamics during midgestation. Camacho, LE; Lemley, CO; Vonnahme, KA, 2013)	1.43
"Melatonin has potent activity against IRI and may regulate JAK2/STAT3 signaling."	( JAK2/STAT3 activation by melatonin attenuates the mitochondrial oxidative damage induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Chen, W; Duan, W; Jin, Z; Li, Y; Liang, Z; Wang, N; Yan, J; Yang, Y; Yi, D; Yi, W; Yu, S; Zhang, S, 2013)	1.41
"Melatonin has no subtypeselectivity, so it is very important to develop different subtype-selective ligand for receptor subtype research and drug development."	( Investigational selective melatoninergic ligands for receptor subtype MT2. Ju, J; Liu, DZ; Wan, N; Zhang, BL; Zhang, FF; Zhou, SY, 2013)	1.41
"Melatonin has recently been reported to have the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties in serial of cells."	( Protective effect of melatonin on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in vitro. Du, ZX; Guo, YJ; Hao, AJ; Li, XG; Liu, Q; Wang, FW; Wang, Z; Zhang, XL; Zhang, YM, 2013)	1.43
"Melatonin receptors have been demonstrated and their localization and function were justified."	( The pineal regulation of the immune system: 40 years since the discovery. Csaba, G, 2013)	1.11
"Melatonin has documented cytoprotective effects on a wide variety of immune cells. "	( Melatonin protects mast cells against cytotoxicity mediated by chemical stimuli PMACI: possible clinical use. Calvo, JR; Garcia-Moreno, H; Maldonado, MD, 2013)	3.28
"Melatonin has been shown to be involved in the processes that contribute to learning and memory. "	( Melatonin impaired acquisition but not expression of contextual fear in rats. Huang, F; Li, C; Yang, Z, 2013)	3.28
"Melatonin has been proven to have a regulatory influence on collagen accumulation in different types of wound. "	( Melatonin-induced augmentation of collagen deposition in cultures of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts is blocked by luzindole--a melatonin membrane receptors inhibitor. Ciosek, J; Drobnik, J; Hrabec, E; Olczak, S; Owczarek, K; Piera, L; Tosik, D, 2013)	3.28
"Melatonin has a known influence on the sleep and wake rhythm."	( Melatonin and omentin: influence factors in the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome? Brzozowski, T; Fuchs, FS; Hildner, KM; Konturek, PC; Neurath, MF; Targosz, A; Zirlik, S, 2013)	2.55
"Melatonin has been shown to down-regulate inflammatory responses and provide neuroprotection. "	( Melatonin suppresses nitric oxide production in glial cultures by pro-inflammatory cytokines through p38 MAPK inhibition. Auladell, C; Camins, A; de Lemos, L; Folch, J; Junyent, F; Martínez, N; Pallàs, M; Patraca, I; Verdaguer, E; Vilar, A, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin (Mel) has a very potent antioxidant activity, depending mainly on its capacity to act as an electron donor. "	( The effect of melatonin on a dorsal skin flap model. Akdemır, O; Ates, U; Bılkay, U; Demırel Sezer, E; Kerem, H; Songur, E; Sozmen, E; Turgut, M; Uyanıkgıl, Y, 2014)	2.21
"Melatonin has an important anti-aging role in plant physiology. "	( Delay in leaf senescence of Malus hupehensis by long-term melatonin application is associated with its regulation of metabolic status and protein degradation. Chang, C; Cheng, L; Feng, F; Liang, D; Ma, F; Sun, X; Wang, P, 2013)	2.08
"Melatonin receptors have been extensively characterized regarding their affinity and pharmacology, mostly using 2-[(125)I]-melatonin as a radioligand. "	( Melatonin MT₁ and MT₂ receptors display different molecular pharmacologies only in the G-protein coupled state. Boutin, JA; Caignard, S; Delagrange, P; Devavry, S; Legros, C; Nosjean, O; Ouvry, C; Tessier, C, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin has ameliorated free radical damage to the placenta and to the fetus in experiments using non-human mammals."	( Melatonin and stable circadian rhythms optimize maternal, placental and fetal physiology. Korkmaz, A; Reiter, RJ; Rosales-Corral, SA; Tan, DX, )	2.3
"Melatonin (MEL) has been proposed as a therapeutic agent for the oral cavity, due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects since periodontal diseases are aggravated by free radicals, and by disproportionate immunological response to plaque microorganism. "	( Anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties of melatonin on human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Gómez-Florit, M; Monjo, M; Ramis, JM, 2013)	2.09
"Melatonin has been demonstrated to improve survival after experimental sepsis via antioxidant effects. "	( Melatonin receptors mediate improvements of survival in a model of polymicrobial sepsis. Fink, T; Glas, M; Kiefer, D; Kleber, A; Mathes, AM; Rensing, H; Reus, E; Volk, T; Wolf, A; Wolf, B; Wolff, M, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin has been widely used for the management of insomnia, but is devoid of antidepressant effect in the clinic. "	( Role of melatonin, serotonin 2B, and serotonin 2C receptors in modulating the firing activity of rat dopamine neurons. Blier, P; Chenu, F; El Mansari, M; Shim, S, 2014)	2.28
"Melatonin has also anti-inflammatory properties similar to SMT, as well as anti-oxidant properties."	( The protective effect of melatonin and S-methylisothiourea treatments in nitrogen mustard induced lung toxicity in rats. Aydin, I; Kenar, L; Korkmaz, A; Kunak, ZI; Macit, E; Onguru, O; Turel, S; Uysal, B; Yaman, H; Yaren, H, 2013)	1.41
"Melatonin has beneficial effects against UC in experimental and clinical studies because of its ability to modulate several molecular pathways of inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and cellular injury."	( A review of the use of melatonin in ulcerative colitis: experimental evidence and new approaches. Jena, G; Trivedi, PP, 2014)	1.43
"Melatonin has atheroprotective effects by acting on different pathogenic signaling processes; these result from its direct free radical scavenger activity, its indirect antioxidant properties and its anti-inflammatory actions."	( Melatonin and its atheroprotective effects: a review. Favero, G; Reiter, RJ; Rezzani, R; Rodella, LF, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin has also been shown to induce apoptosis and to reduce the production of ATP in breast tumor cells."	( Elevated levels of mitochonrial respiratory complexes activities and ATP production in 17-β-estradiol-induced prolactin-secretory tumor cells in male rats are inhibited by melatonin in vivo and in vitro. Wang, BQ; Xu, JN; Xu, RK; Yang, QH, 2013)	1.31
"Melatonin has been widely studied as a protective agent against oxidative stress. "	( Neuroprotective effect of melatonin against ischemia is partially mediated by alpha-7 nicotinic receptor modulation and HO-1 overexpression. Buendia, I; Cuadrado, A; Egea, J; León, R; López, MG; Negredo, P; Parada, E; Romero, A, 2014)	2.15
"Melatonin has been shown repeatedly to inhibit the growth of human breast tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. "	( Molecular deficiency (ies) in MT₁ melatonin signaling pathway underlies the melatonin-unresponsive phenotype in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Blask, DE; Dauchy, RT; Hauch, A; Hill, SM; Mao, L; Xiang, S; Yuan, L; Zeringue, SB, 2014)	2.12
"Melatonin has been shown to enhance the immune response under immune-compromised conditions. "	( Immune stimulation by exogenous melatonin during experimental endotoxemia. Brencher, L; Broecker-Preuss, M; de Groot, H; Effenberger-Neidnicht, K; Hamburger, T; Petrat, F, 2014)	2.13
"Melatonin has been studied for their inhibitory properties on angiogenesis in cancer."	( Effect of melatonin on tumor growth and angiogenesis in xenograft model of breast cancer. Ali, MM; Arbab, AS; Borin, TF; de Campos Zuccari, DA; Ferreira, LC; Iskander, AS; Jardim-Perassi, BV; Shankar, A; Varma, NR, 2014)	1.53
"Melatonin has been considered a potent antioxidant that detoxifies a variety of reactive oxygen species in many pathophysiological states of eye. "	( Effects of melatonin on Wi-Fi-induced oxidative stress in lens of rats. Doğan, S; Kahya, MC; Nazıroğlu, M; Tök, L; Tök, O, 2014)	2.23
"Melatonin has a wide range of pharmacologically effective concentration levels from the nanomolar to millimolar levels."	( Melatonin inhibits voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) channel-mediated neurotransmitter release. Choi, SY; Choi, TY; Durrance, ES; Jo, SH; Kim, KT; Kwon, JE, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin has a dose dependent protective effect on the structural alterations of proximal tubules of the kidney induced by gentamicin."	( A histological study of the effect of exogenous melatonin on gentamicin induced structural alterations of proximal tubules in rats. Ćosović, E; Kapić, D; Mornjaković, Z; Šahinović, M, 2014)	1.38
"Melatonin has proven to regenerate the width and length of cortical bone in tibiae rabbits more quickly than collagenized porcine bone. "	( New bone formation in bone defects after melatonin and porcine bone grafts: experimental study in rabbits. Calvo-Guirado, JL; Delgado-Ruiz, R; Gómez-Moreno, G; López-Marí, L; Maté-Sánchez, JE; Romanos, GE, 2015)	2.13
"Melatonin treatment has an extremely wide margin of safety though it may cause minor adverse effects, such as headache, rash and nightmares."	( Melatonin for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Ho, KY; Siah, KT; Wong, RK, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin has both receptor-mediated and receptor-independent actions in cells of the oral cavity."	( Melatonin in the oral cavity: physiological and pathological implications. Acuna-Castroviejo, D; Escames, G; Liu, XY; Reiter, RJ; Rosales-Corral, SA; Tan, DX, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin has a protective effect on the heart against adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats."	( Protective effect of melatonin on adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Aydın, D; Aygün, H; Bilginoğlu, A; Ozsoy, S, 2014)	2.16
"Melatonin has been shown to be both a direct free radical scavenger and an indirect antioxidant by stimulating antioxidant enzymes and suppressing prooxidative enzymes activity."	( Can melatonin help us in radiation oncology treatments? Aliasgharzadeh, A; Mahdavi, SR; Mihandoost, E; Shirazi, A, 2014)	1.68
"Melatonin has been widely studied for its role in photoperiodism in seasonal breeders; it is also a potent antioxidant. "	( Melatonin and ubiquitin: what's the connection? Reiter, RJ; Vriend, J, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin has been identified as a "signal" essential for synchronization of malaria parasitic cell cycle."	( Effects of melatonin derivatives on human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Mohamed, M; Saleh, RM; Srinivasan, V; Zakaria, R, 2014)	1.51
"Melatonin has been identified in primitive photosynthetic bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals including humans. "	( Melatonin identified in meats and other food stuffs: potentially nutritional impact. Manchester, LC; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX; Zanghi, BM, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin has a number of beneficial metabolic actions and reduced levels of melatonin may contribute to type 2 diabetes. "	( Melatonin prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscle. Akira Uyemura, S; Alberici, LC; Amaral, FG; Araújo, MB; Baraldi, FG; Bomfim, LH; Carneiro, EM; Cipolla-Neto, J; Gomis, R; Lima, T; Passos, MA; Queiroz, AL; Sampaio, IH; Silveira, LR; Teodoro, BG; Vieira, E, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin has several potential mechanisms of action that could be useful following mild traumatic brain injury, including neuroprotective effects."	( A double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention trial of 3 and 10 mg sublingual melatonin for post-concussion syndrome in youths (PLAYGAME): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Angelo, M; Barlow, KM; Brooks, BL; Buchhalter, J; Crawford, S; Dewey, D; Emery, CA; Esser, M; Hill, MD; Hutchison, J; Johnson, D; Kirk, V; Kirton, A; MacMaster, FP; Nettel-Aguirre, A; Platt, R; Richer, L; Seeger, T; Turley, B; Zemek, R, 2014)	1.35
"Melatonin also has protective actions during oocyte maturation reducing intrafollicular oxidative damage."	( Essential actions of melatonin in protecting the ovary from oxidative damage. Cruz, JF; Cruz, MH; Leal, CL; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2014)	1.44
"Melatonin has anticarcinogenic properties in experimental models. "	( Urinary melatonin levels, sleep disruption, and risk of prostate cancer in elderly men. Aspelund, T; Batista, JL; Czeisler, CA; Fall, K; Flynn-Evans, E; Gudnason, V; Haneuse, S; Harris, T; Launer, L; Lockley, SW; Markt, SC; Mucci, LA; Rider, JR; Schernhammer, ES; Sigurdardottir, LG; Stampfer, MJ; Tamimi, RM; Valdimarsdottir, UA, 2015)	2.29
"Melatonin has different functions in many aspects of plant growth and development."	( Roles of melatonin in abiotic stress resistance in plants. Cao, Y; Guo, YD; Ren, S; Sun, Q; Weeda, S; Zhang, H; Zhang, N, 2015)	1.56
"Melatonin has a cellular protective effect in cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. "	( The beneficial effect of melatonin in brain endothelial cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion-induced injury. Kang, SM; Lee, JE; Lee, KM; Lee, WT; Park, KA; Song, J, 2014)	2.15
"Melatonin has numerous applications in physiology and medicine."	( Melatonin: exceeding expectations. Galano, A; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2014)	2.57
"Melatoninergic agonists have been shown to reliably entrain circadian rhythms, if chronobiological phase response rules are followed."	( Melatonin and Synthetic Melatoninergic Agonists in Psychiatric and Age-associated Disorders: Successful and Unsuccessful Approaches. Hardeland, R, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin has been shown to influence cell differentiation."	( Melatonin promotes osteoblast differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells under hypoxic conditions through activation of PKD/p38 pathways. Cho, YC; Kim, IR; Kim, YD; Park, BS; Son, JH; Sung, IY, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin has been shown to target these alterations."	( Ebola virus disease: potential use of melatonin as a treatment. Korkmaz, A; Manchester, LC; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2014)	1.39
"Melatonin has pleiotropic bioactivities and is involved in epigenetic regulation."	( Transcriptional regulation of programmed hypertension by melatonin: an epigenetic perspective. Chan, JY; Huang, LT; Tain, YL, 2014)	1.37
"Melatonin has oncostatic, antiangiogenic and antimetastatic properties in several types of neoplasms, although its relationship with oral cancer has been little explored."	( Molecular markers of angiogenesis and metastasis in lines of oral carcinoma after treatment with melatonin. Colombo, J; Goncalves, Ndo N; Jardim-Perassi, BV; Lopes, JR; Moschetta, MG; Rodrigues, RV; Zuccari, DA, 2014)	1.34
"Melatonin has shown a protective effect against various oxidative damages in the nervous system. "	( Melatonin reduces projection neuronal injury induced by 3-nitropropionic acid in the rat striatum. Chen, S; Lei, W; Li, Y; Lin, E; Liu, B; Ma, Y; Mu, S; OuYang, L; Zhang, J, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin has been shown to be neuroprotective in animal models. "	( Melatonin use for neuroprotection in perinatal asphyxia: a randomized controlled pilot study. Aly, H; Awny, M; El-Dib, M; El-Gohary, T; El-Mashad, AR; Elbatch, M; Elmahdy, H; Hamisa, M; Rowisha, M, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin has no beneficial effect on inflammation and oxidative damage induced by nighttime endotoxaemia in contrast to daytime endotoxaemia."	( Effect of melatonin on human nighttime endotoxaemia: randomized, double-blinded, cross-over study. Alamili, M; Bendtzen, K; Gögenur, I; Lykkesfeldt, J; Rosenberg, J, )	1.98
"Melatonin also has a favorable safety and tolerability profile over clonazepam with limited potential for drug-drug interactions, an important consideration especially in elderly individuals with RBD receiving polypharmacy."	( Melatonin therapy for REM sleep behavior disorder: a critical review of evidence. Boeve, BF; Leung, JG; McGrane, IR; St Louis, EK, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin has been identified in a variety of crustacean species, but its function is not as well understood as in vertebrates. "	( Melatonin as a signaling molecule for metabolism regulation in response to hypoxia in the crab Neohelice granulata. Allodi, S; Cruz, BP; Geihs, MA; Maciel, FE; Marins, LF; Nery, LE; Vargas, MA, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties depending on the stage of inflammation. "	( Decreased urinary level of melatonin as a marker of disease severity in patients with multiple sclerosis. Babapour, S; Ghafarpour, M; Ghazizadeh, T; Gholipour, T; Harirchian, MH; Mansouri, B; Siroos, B, 2015)	2.16
"Melatonin has been used successfully in treating headache."	( Current role of melatonin in pediatric neurology: clinical recommendations. Alonso-Alconada, D; Besag, F; Biran, V; Braam, W; Bruni, O; Cortese, S; Curatolo, P; Moavero, R; Parisi, P; Smits, M; Van der Heijden, K, 2015)	1.48
"Melatonin has previously been shown to change vasopressin (AVP) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion dependently on its concentration."	( The influence od melatonin receptors antagonists, luzindole and 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin (4-P-PDOT), on melatonin-dependent vasopressin and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release from the rat hypothalamo-hypophysial system. In vitro and in vivo Juszczak, M; Kowalczyk, E; Roszczyk, M; Stempniak, B, 2014)	1.46
"Melatonin has very low toxicity, but some pharmacokinetic issues, such as limited oral bioavailability and short half-life, limit its tissue availability."	( Therapeutic uses of melatonin and melatonin derivatives: a patent review (2012 - 2014). Bedini, A; Pala, D; Rivara, S; Spadoni, G, 2015)	1.46
"Melatonin has been shown to be a versatile hormone having antioxidative, antiapoptotic, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties."	( Role of melatonin in traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury. Naseem, M; Parvez, S, 2014)	1.56
"Melatonin has been reported to serve as an indirect antioxidant via the stimulation and induction of antioxidant enzymes as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) in several tissues."	( Antioxidative status and oxidative stress in the fetal circulation at birth: the effects of time of delivery and presence of labor. Bagci, S; Bartmann, P; Katzer, D; Mueller, A; Reinsberg, J; Reutter, H; Welzing, L, 2015)	1.14
"Melatonin also has protective effects in cases of septic shock, which, although bacterial, has similar end-point presentations involving blood vessel leakage."	( Ebola virus: melatonin as a readily available treatment option. Anderson, G; Maes, M; Markus, RP; Rodriguez, M, 2015)	1.51
"Melatonin has a remarkable functional versatility, being associated with important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects."	( Immunoregulatory actions of melatonin and zinc during chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Azevedo, AP; Brazão, V; de Morais, FR; do Prado, JC; Filipin, Mdel V; Santello, FH; Toldo, MP, 2015)	1.43
"Melatonin has specific MT1 and MT2 receptors localized in all body cells."	( [Metabolic syndrome and melatonin]. Burlakova, OV; Golichenkov, VA; Molchanov, AIu; Rapoport, SI; Savchenko, ES; Suprunenko, ES, 2013)	1.42
"Melatonin has many important roles in the human physiology: regulator of the circadian rhythms, sleep inducer, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic."	( Role of melatonin in embryo fetal development. Voiculescu, SE; Zagrean, AM; Zahiu, CD; Zygouropoulos, N, )	1.29
"Melatonin has been shown to have beneficial effects in compromised pregnancies."	( Effects of melatonin on prenatal dexamethasone-induced epigenetic alterations in hippocampal morphology and reelin and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 levels. Chang, KA; Chen, CC; Hsu, MH; Huang, LT; Kuo, HC; Lui, CC; Sheen, JM; Tain, YL; Tiao, MM; Yu, HR, 2015)	1.53
"Melatonin (MEL) has been found in some medicinal and food plants, including grapevine, a commodity of particular interest for the production of wine, a beverage of economic relevance. "	( Yeast contribution to melatonin, melatonin isomers and tryptophan ethyl ester during alcoholic fermentation of grape musts. Foschino, R; Fracassetti, D; Gabrielli, M; Gardana, C; Iriti, M; Simonetti, P; Tirelli, A; Vigentini, I, 2015)	2.17
"Melatonin has been suggested as an effective free radical scavenger that may have an important role during this process."	( Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of melatonin entrapped PLA nanoparticles: an oxidative stress and T-cell response using golden hamster. Haldar, C; Maiti, P; Pandey, SK; Vishwas, DK, 2015)	1.41
"Melatonin has been widely used in newborns including cases of asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, and sepsis, and no significant toxicity or treatment-related side effects with long-term melatonin therapy have been reported."	( Oxidative Stress-Mediated Damage in Newborns with Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Possible Role of Melatonin. Antonuccio, P; Aversa, S; Centorrino, A; D'Angelo, G; Gitto, E; Impellizzeri, P; Manti, S; Marseglia, L; Reiter, RJ; Romeo, C, 2015)	1.36
"Melatonin has various physiological functions, including circadian rhythm regulation, free-radical scavenging, and gonadal development."	( Melatonin inhibits embryonic salivary gland branching morphogenesis by regulating both epithelial cell adhesion and morphology. Hattori, A; Maruyama, Y; Miura, J; Nakamura, W; Nohara, K; Obana-Koshino, A; Ono, H; Sakai, M; Sakai, T; Uchida, H, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin has been reported to suppress adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) secretion in the anterior pituitary and cortisol production in the adrenal by different mechanisms. "	( Mutual effects of melatonin and activin on induction of aldosterone production by human adrenocortical cells. Hara, T; Hosoya, T; Inagaki, K; Komatsubara, M; Makino, H; Nakamura, E; Otsuka, F; Terasaka, T; Tsukamoto-Yamauchi, N, 2015)	2.19
"Once melatonin has been started, a large proportion of patients continue for at least 3 years, in doses corresponding to daily use in the majority."	( Paediatric Off-Label Use of Melatonin--A Register Linkage Study between the Norwegian Prescription Database and Patient Register. Handal, M; Hartz, I; Skurtveit, S; Tverdal, A, 2015)	1.17
"Melatonin has been reported to have antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects."	( Melatonin pretreatment of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells enhances their prosurvival and protective effects on human kidney cells. Eliopoulos, N; Fradette, J; Young, YK; Zhao, J, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin has been reported to promote plant growth and development. "	( Melatonin regulates carbohydrate metabolism and defenses against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 infection in Arabidopsis thaliana. Hu, L; Jiang, Y; Ma, F; Su, T; Xu, L; Zhao, H, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin has been proposed as a potent anti-oxidant, and its presence in many plants and foods has been suggested to be beneficial for health. "	( Are the proposed benefits of melatonin-rich foods too hard to swallow? Kennaway, DJ, 2017)	2.19
"Melatonin has unique biochemical properties such as scavenging of hydroxyl, carbonate, alkoxyl, peroxyl and aryl cation radicals and stimulation of activities main antioxidative enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase etc.)."	( Melatonin redox activity. Its potential clinical applications in neurodegenerative disorders. Miller, E; Morel, A; Saluk, J; Saso, L, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin has also been reported to counteract cell growth and chemoresistance in different types of cancer."	( Melatonin decreases cell proliferation, impairs myogenic differentiation and triggers apoptotic cell death in rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. Battistelli, M; Burattini, S; Codenotti, S; Colombi, M; Faggi, F; Falcieri, E; Fanzani, A; Monti, E; Rezzani, R; Salucci, S, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin has been shown to play a fundamental part in neuroimmunomodulation. "	( [The influence of melatonin on the immune system and cancer]. Claësson, MH; Vinther, AG, 2015)	2.19
"Melatonin has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that help to restore body's immune and cognitive functions."	( The potential role of melatonin on sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairments: implication of FMRP on cognitive function. Choi, YY; Han, SH; Jeon, SJ; Kim, MK; Kwon, KJ; Lee, EJ; Shin, CY, 2015)	1.45
"Melatonin has been demonstrated to reduce liver damage in different models of stress. "	( Melatonin or ramelteon therapy differentially affects hepatic gene expression profiles after haemorrhagic shock in rat--A microarray analysis. Abend, M; Fink, T; Glas, M; Kleber, A; Mathes, AM; Ruf, CG; Volk, T; Wolf, A; Wolf, B, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin has demonstrated efficient protective effects against various types of oxidative damage in the liver system."	( Melatonin protects hepatocytes against bile acid-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress via the AMPK-SIRT3-SOD2 pathway. Chen, Y; Guo, D; Jiang, Y; Lv, L; Qing, W; Sun, M, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin has many intracellular as well as extracellular targets including apoptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis and inflammatory pathways."	( Molecular aspects of melatonin (MLT)-mediated therapeutic effects. Kashyap, D; Sandhu, SS; Sharma, AK; Tuli, HS, 2015)	1.46
"Melatonin receptors have been found in many retinal neurons including melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), suggesting it could modulate the physiology of these inner retinal photoreceptors."	( Melatonin modulates M4-type ganglion-cell photoreceptors. Hill, DD; Pack, W; Wong, KY, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin (MT) has been shown to be potentially effective in preventing oxidative stress related neurodegenerative disorders."	( Melatonin Attenuates Oxidative Damage Induced by Acrylamide In Vitro and In Vivo. Lu, H; Lu, Q; Pan, X; Wang, D; Yan, H; Zhu, L, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin has been previously reported to provide neuroprotective effects in in vivo models of stroke by a mechanism that implicates melatonin receptors."	( Neuroprotective mechanism of the novel melatonin derivative Neu-P11 in brain ischemia related models. Buendia, I; Egea, J; Gameiro, I; Gómez-Rangel, V; González-Lafuente, L; Laudon, M; León, R; López, MG; Michalska, P; Parada, E, 2015)	1.41
"Melatonin has a variety of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects."	( Melatonin and endoplasmic reticulum stress: relation to autophagy and apoptosis. Fernández, A; González-Gallego, J; Mauriz, JL; Ordóñez, R; Reiter, RJ, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin has anti-carcinogenic properties, including modulation of estradiol production, cell cycle regulation, and promotion of apoptosis. "	( Urinary melatonin and risk of ovarian cancer. Hankinson, SE; Mills, L; Poole, EM; Schernhammer, E; Tworoger, SS, 2015)	2.29
"Melatonin has been demonstrated to be an effective anti-oxidant and has an anti-inflammatory effect."	( The Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Acute Cadmium Exposure in Mice Testis. Hou, Z; Li, L; Li, R; Luo, X; Ma, M; Peng, Q; Yang, Y; Zhao, L, 2016)	1.46
"Melatonin has a remarkable array of means by which it thwarts oxidative damage."	( Melatonin: an ancient molecule that makes oxygen metabolically tolerable. Andersen, LP; Boga, JA; Coto-Montes, A; Galano, A; Manchester, LC; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX; Vriend, J; Zhou, Z, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin has significantly decreased ethanol consumption by the rats and effect is dose-dependent. "	( Evaluation of acute effects of melatonin on ethanol drinking in ethanol naïve rats. Bolumbu, G; Chowta, MN; Rakesh, KB; Rather, ZA, )	1.86
"Melatonin has shown oncostatic, antimetastatic, and anti-angiogenic effects and can modulate ROCK-1 expression."	( Melatonin decreases breast cancer metastasis by modulating Rho-associated kinase protein-1 expression. Arbab, AS; Borin, TF; Coimbra, VB; de Oliveira, JG; Fabri, VA; Ferreira, LC; Gelaleti, GB; Iskander, AS; Jardim-Perassi, BV; Moschetta, MG; Shankar, A; Varma, NR; Zuccari, DA, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin has potent hepatoprotective properties in a variety of acute and chronic liver injury models and suppresses liver fibrosis."	( Melatonin suppresses activation of hepatic stellate cells through RORα-mediated inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase. Faber, KN; Heegsma, J; Laliena, A; Moshage, H; Shajari, S; Tuñón, MJ, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin has been reported to improve the in vitro development of embryos in some species. "	( Melatonin Supplementation During In Vitro Maturation and Development Supports the Development of Porcine Embryos. Do, LT; Nguyen, TV; Nii, M; Otoi, T; Shibata, Y; Takagi, M; Taniguchi, M; Tanihara, F, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin has antitumor activity via several mechanisms including its antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects as well as its potent antioxidant actions, although recent evidence has indicated that melatonin may perform pro-oxidant actions in tumor cells. "	( Melatonin sensitizes human cervical cancer HeLa cells to cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis: effects on oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation. Espino, J; Pariente, JA; Pariente, R; Rodríguez, AB, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin has been proposed as a premedication alternative to midazolam, preceding anaesthesia induction. "	( Melatonin versus midazolam premedication in children undergoing surgery: A pilot study. Crisafi, C; D'Angelo, G; Gitto, E; Impellizzeri, P; Manti, S; Marseglia, L; Montalto, AS; Reiter, RJ; Romeo, C, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin has been proven to possess neuroprotection property against various neurological diseases by decreasing cerebral oxidative stress and inhibiting inflammatory process. "	( Melatonin protects the brain from apoptosis by enhancement of autophagy after traumatic brain injury in mice. Ding, K; Li, T; Wang, H; Wu, Y; Xu, J; Zhang, L, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin has been described as a protective agent against cell death and oxidative stress in different tissues, including in the reproductive system. "	( Does melatonin influence the apoptosis in rat uterus of animals exposed to continuous light? Baracat, EC; Carvalho, KC; Ferreira, CS; Maganhin, CC; Oshima, CT; Paiotti, AP; Simões, MJ; Soares, JM, 2016)	2.39
"Melatonin also has sleep-inducing and anti-inflammatory properties and therefore might be useful for the management of AD."	( Melatonin Supplementation for Children With Atopic Dermatitis and Sleep Disturbance: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Chang, YS; Chen, CA; Chiang, BL; Chu, KH; Dai, YS; Lee, JH; Lee, PL; Lin, MH; Lin, YT; Sun, C; Wan, KS; Wang, LC; Yang, YH; Yu, HH, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin has many roles, including bone remodeling and osseointegration of dental implants. "	( Melatonin enhances vertical bone augmentation in rat calvaria secluded spaces. Arai, Y; Hasuike, A; Honda, M; Isokawa, K; Sato, S; Shino, H, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin has a direct hypotensive effect."	( Daily Melatonin Administration Attenuates Age-Dependent Disturbances of Cardiovascular Rhythms. Gapon, LI; Gubin, DG; Gubin, GD; Weinert, D, 2016)	1.64
"Melatonin has strong antioxidant protective effects directly and indirectly via the activation of its receptors."	( Melatonin in Pregnancy: Effects on Brain Development and CNS Programming Disorders. Assunção Salustiano, EM; Sagrillo-Fagundes, L; Soliman, A; Vaillancourt, C; Yen, PW, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin has a central role in the modulation of oxidative stress pathways."	( Evidence for possible role of melatonin in reducing oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis through its effect on SIRT1 and antioxidant enzymes. Ansari, M; Askarisadr, F; Emamgholipour, S; Hossein-Nezhad, A; Sahraian, MA, 2016)	1.44
"Melatonin has been found in a wide range of plant groups. "	( Examination of the auxin hypothesis of phytomelatonin action in classical auxin assay systems in maize. Kim, M; Park, C; Park, WJ; Seo, H, 2016)	2.14
"Melatonin has a wide range of physiological functions and is currently under clinical investigation for expanded applications; moreover, extensive protective effects on the cardiovascular system have been reported."	( Melatonin reverses flow shear stress-induced injury in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling. Deng, C; Di, S; Fan, C; Hu, W; Jiang, S; Jin, Z; Ma, Z; Qin, Z; Sun, Y; Yan, X; Yang, Y; Yi, W; Zhang, Y; Zhao, L, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin has significant pharmacological potential in protecting against the neurotoxicity of Cd by blocking the disbalance of mitochondrial fusion and fission."	( Melatonin prevents abnormal mitochondrial dynamics resulting from the neurotoxicity of cadmium by blocking calcium-dependent translocation of Drp1 to the mitochondria. Deng, P; Feng, M; Guo, P; He, M; Li, H; Li, Y; Lu, Y; Pi, H; Reiter, RJ; Tang, J; Tian, L; Wang, W; Xie, J; Xu, S; Yu, Z; Zhang, H; Zhang, L; Zhang, N; Zhang, Y; Zhong, M; Zhou, Z, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin has been known to act as not only a direct scavenger of free radicals but also an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β)."	( Melatonin attenuated adipogenesis through reduction of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta by regulating the glycogen synthase 3 beta in human mesenchymal stem cells. Ahn, JC; Rhee, YH, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin has also been found to have anti-tumor properties."	( Melatonin Suppresses the Growth of Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines (OVCAR-429 and PA-1) and Potentiates the Effect of G1 Arrest by Targeting CDKs. Chang, CC; Chen, YT; Hsu, YC; Lai, CS; Shen, CJ, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin (Mel) has been reported to alleviate early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). "	( Melatonin Attenuates Early Brain Injury via the Melatonin Receptor/Sirt1/NF-κB Signaling Pathway Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice. Li, X; Lin, Y; Liu, H; Qu, Y; Wang, B; Yue, L; Zhang, J; Zhao, L, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin has been reported to attenuate opioid tolerance. "	( Melatonin reverses morphine tolerance by inhibiting microglia activation and HSP27 expression. Huang, YN; Kao, JH; Lin, SH; Tien, LT; Tsai, RY; Wong, CS, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin has significant neuroprotective properties, which have been related to its ability to boost mitochondrial bioenergetics."	( Melatonin rescues zebrafish embryos from the parkinsonian phenotype restoring the parkin/PINK1/DJ-1/MUL1 network. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Aranda, P; Díaz-Casado, ME; Doerrier, C; Escames, G; García, JA; Guerra-Librero, A; Lima, E; López, LC; Sayed, RK, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin has proven to be a potentially useful therapeutic tool in the reduction of graft rejection."	( Potential benefits of melatonin in organ transplantation: a review. Alatorre-Jiménez, MA; Esteban-Zubero, E; García, JJ; García-Gil, FA; Iñigo-Gil, P; López-Pingarrón, L; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2016)	1.47
"Melatonin actions that have been identified include its ability to directly neutralize a number of toxic reactants and stimulate antioxidative enzymes. "	( The antioxidative property of melatonin against brain ischemia. Cordaro, M; Cuzzocrea, S; Esposito, E; Paterniti, I, 2016)	2.17
"Melatonin has been studied in headache disorders. "	( Randomised clinical trial comparing melatonin 3 mg, amitriptyline 25 mg and placebo for migraine prevention. Cipolla-Neto, J; Gonçalves, AL; Martini Ferreira, A; Peres, MF; Ribeiro, RT; Zukerman, E, 2016)	2.15
"Melatonin has circadian, hypnotic, and free radical-scavenging effects, and preclinical data suggest benefits of melatonin on neurodegeneration."	( Melatonin for Sleep Disorders in Patients with Neurodegenerative Diseases. Karroum, EG; Trotti, LM, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin has an antioxidant effect, which protects against a number of free radical species."	( Protective effects of melatonin and selenium against apoptosis of olfactory sensory neurons: A rat model study. Aksakal, C; Cayli, S; Koc, S; Ocakli, S; Somuk, BT; Soyalic, H; Yüce, S, 2016)	1.47
"Melatonin has been considered a robust anti‑oxidant, and is able to attenuate DN in several animal models."	( Melatonin protects podocytes from angiotensin II-induced injury in an in vitro diabetic nephropathy model. Ji, ZZ; Xu, YC, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin has been shown to protect cells against oxidative and inflammatory damage via endocrine, paracrine and autocrine actions. "	( Melatonin protects female rats against steatosis and liver oxidative stress induced by oestrogen deficiency. Constantin, J; Gilglioni, EH; Hermoso, APM; Hermoso, DAM; Iwamoto, ELI; Mito, MS; Salgueiro-Pagadigorria, CL; Shimada, LBC, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin has been detected in gingival crevicular fluid."	( Melatonin Inhibits CXCL10 and MMP-1 Production in IL-1β-Stimulated Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. Hosokawa, I; Hosokawa, Y; Matsuo, T; Ozaki, K; Shindo, S, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin has been used as a supplement in culture medium to improve the efficiency of in vitro produced mammalian embryos. "	( Effects of Two Types of Melatonin-Loaded Nanocapsules with Distinct Supramolecular Structures: Polymeric (NC) and Lipid-Core Nanocapsules (LNC) on Bovine Embryo Culture Model. Basso, AC; Beck, RC; Bordignon, V; Campos, VF; Collares, T; Deschamps, JC; Domingues, WB; Guterres, SS; Jornada, DS; Komninou, ER; Lucas, CG; Pohlmann, AR; Remião, MH; Seixas, FK, 2016)	2.18
"Melatonin levels have been shown to decline with aging. "	( Melatonin based therapies for delirium and dementia. Alagiakrishnan, K, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin (MLT) has been reported with an effective antioxidant activity."	( Protective effect of melatonin on the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm in a rat model. Cong, Z; Hao, S; Huang, H; Jing, H; Li, K; Li, P; Shen, Y; Tang, L, 2017)	1.5
"Melatonin has been associated with various tumors, including brain tumor, and shown to inhibit growth of neuroblastoma cells and gliomas in animal models. "	( Pineal calcification is associated with pediatric primary brain tumor. Johns, J; Johns, NP; Kanpittaya, J; Kitkhuandee, A; Tuntapakul, S, 2016)	1.88
"Melatonin has also the ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells and to enhance the antitumoral activity of chemotherapeutic agents."	( Melatonin enhances hyperthermia-induced apoptotic cell death in human leukemia cells. Cabrera, J; Estévez, F; Loro, JF; Perdomo, J; Quintana, C; Quintana, J; Reiter, RJ, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin has been effectively used to combat oxidative stress, inflammation and cellular apoptosis and to restore tissue function in a number of human trials; its efficacy supports its more extensive use in a wider variety of human studies."	( Melatonin as an antioxidant: under promises but over delivers. Alatorre-Jimenez, M; Mayo, JC; Qin, L; Reiter, RJ; Sainz, RM; Tan, DX, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin has been suggested as a treatment for preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction because of its protective antioxidant effects."	( Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption. Bienvenue-Pariseault, J; Clabault, H; Fortier, M; Hudon-Thibeault, AA; Laurent, L; Sagrillo-Fagundes, L; Salustiano, EM; Sanderson, JT; Vaillancourt, C; Wong Yen, P, 2016)	1.38
"Melatonin has been reported to protect against multiple organ injuries by increasing the expression of SIRT1, a silent information regulator that regulates stress responses, inflammation, cellular senescence and apoptosis."	( Melatonin prevents acute kidney injury in severely burned rats via the activation of SIRT1. Bai, XZ; Gao, JX; Han, JT; Han, SC; He, T; Hu, DH; Li, Y; Liu, JQ; Liu, Y; Shi, JH; Tao, K; Wang, HT; Xie, ST, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin has a beneficial role in adult rat models of multiple sclerosis (MS). "	( Melatonin exacerbates acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by enhancing the serum levels of lactate: A potential biomarker of multiple sclerosis progression. Dokoohaki, S; Farhadi, N; Ghanbari, A; Ghareghani, M; Ghavamizadeh, M; Khodadoust, S; Parishani, M; Sadeghi, H; Zibara, K, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin has been reported to be an important endogenous hormone for regulating neurogenesis, immunityand the biological clock. "	( Melatonin promotes goat spermatogonia stem cells (SSCs) proliferation by stimulating glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) production in Sertoli cells. Bai, C; Hua, J; Li, B; Li, G; Niu, B; Shang, R; Wu, C; Wu, J; Yan, Y, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin has recently been demonstrated to play important roles in the regulation of plant growth, development, and abiotic and biotic stress responses. "	( Exogenous Melatonin Improves Plant Iron Deficiency Tolerance via Increased Accumulation of Polyamine-Mediated Nitric Oxide. Liu, Z; Ma, Z; Wang, J; Zhou, C; Zhu, J; Zhu, L, 2016)	2.28
"Melatonin has critical functions in human physiology, and research underscores the importance of melatonin in circadian rhythm, sleep, and mood regulation."	( Sleep quality, morningness-eveningness preference, mood profile, and levels of serum melatonin in migraine patients: a case-control study. Altaş, M; Aydın, A; Boysan, M; Genç, E; Güngör, DC; Kılınç, İ; Kozak, HH; Özer, N; Turgut, K; Uca, AU, 2017)	1.4
"Melatonin has been studied as a co-adjuvant treatment in several gastrointestinal diseases including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C), diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D), Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis."	( Melatonin's role as a co-adjuvant treatment in colonic diseases: A review. Alatorre-Jiménez, MA; Antoñanzas-Lombarte, Á; Buisac-Ramón, C; Castán-Ruiz, S; Esteban-Zubero, E; García, JJ; López-Pingarrón, L; Ochoa-Moneo, P; Reiter, RJ; Rivas-Jiménez, M; Tan, DX, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin has been found to modulate the learning and memory process in human as well as in animals."	( The Potential Role of Melatonin on Memory Function: Lessons from Rodent Studies. Ahmad, AH; Othman, Z; Zakaria, R, 2016)	1.47
"Melatonin has hypnotic, sedative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, and is a widely used sleep agent."	( Melatonin premedication improves quality of recovery following bariatric surgery - a double blind placebo controlled prospective study. Berkenstadt, H; Goitein, D; Ivry, M; Welly, W, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. "	( Melatonin protects against arsenic trioxide-induced liver injury by the upregulation of Nrf2 expression through the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway. He, X; Huang, H; Liu, W; Wang, J; Wei, Z; Yang, Z; Zhang, J; Zhang, Y, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin has anabolic effects on the bone, even under hypoxia, and laser irradiation has been shown to improve osteoblastic differentiation. "	( A novel combination treatment to stimulate bone healing and regeneration under hypoxic conditions: photobiomodulation and melatonin. Cho, YC; Kim, IR; Kim, JS; Kim, YD; Park, BS; Son, JH; Sung, IY, 2017)	2.11
"Melatonin has been found to prevent post-ovulatory oocyte aging and extend the window for optimal fertilization in mice."	( Melatonin improves the fertilization ability of post-ovulatory aged mouse oocytes by stabilizing ovastacin and Juno to promote sperm binding and fusion. Cui, Z; Dai, X; Lu, Y; Miao, Y; Xiong, B; Zhang, M; Zhou, C, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin has been shown to exert anticancer activity on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through its antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effect in both experimental and clinical studies, and sorafenib is the only approved drug for the systemic treatment of HCC. "	( Melatonin promotes sorafenib-induced apoptosis through synergistic activation of JNK/c-jun pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Gao, C; Herr, I; Hoffmann, K; Lin, S; Petrulionis, M; Schemmer, P, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin has demonstrated a potential protective effect in central nervous system. "	( Pre-ischemia melatonin treatment alleviated acute neuronal injury after ischemic stroke by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent autophagy via PERK and IRE1 signalings. Abraham, N; Dong, Y; Feng, D; Huang, L; Qu, Y; Shi, W; Tao, K; Wang, B; Wang, L, 2017)	2.27
"Melatonin (MLT) has been implicated in several pathophysiological states, including pain. "	( Targeting Melatonin MT2 Receptors: A Novel Pharmacological Avenue for Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain. Comai, S; De Gregorio, D; Gobbi, G; Posa, L, 2018)	2.33
"Melatonin has been known as a neuroprotective agent for the central nervous system (CNS) and the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is the primary structure that comes into contact with several neurotoxins including methamphetamine (METH). "	( Activation of melatonin receptor (MT1/2) promotes P-gp transporter in methamphetamine-induced toxicity on primary rat brain microvascular endothelial cells. Govitrapong, P; Jumnongprakhon, P; Sivasinprasasn, S; Tocharus, C; Tocharus, J, 2017)	2.26
"Melatonin has anti-angiogenic effects at different steps of the angiogenic process in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, through the downregulation of VEGF."	( Melatonin inhibits angiogenesis in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells by downregulation of VEGF. Alonso-González, C; Cos, S; González, A; González-González, A; Martínez-Campa, C; Menéndez-Menéndez, J, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin has been shown to be involved in the regulation of both cellular and humoral immunity."	( Immunomodulation by melatonin: its significance for seasonally occurring diseases. Cardinali, DP; Maestroni, GJ; Pandi-Perumal, SR; Spence, DW; Srinivasan, V; Trakht, I, 2008)	1.39
"Melatonin has potent cardioprotective properties. "	( Melatonin receptor-mediated protection against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury: role of its anti-adrenergic actions. Genade, S; Genis, A; Huisamen, B; Lochner, A; Ytrehus, K, 2008)	3.23
"Melatonin has oncostatic properties and has also been shown to counteract the toxic effects of Cd."	( Melatonin modulates the cadmium-induced expression of MT-2 and MT-1 metallothioneins in three lines of human tumor cells (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and HeLa). Alonso-Gonzalez, C; Cos, S; Gonzalez, A; Martinez-Campa, C; Mediavilla, D; Sanchez-Barcelo, EJ, 2008)	2.51
"That melatonin has this function within cells has been observed in studies employing time lapse conventional, confocal and multiphoton fluorescent microscopy coupled with the use of appropriate mitochondrial-targeted fluorescent probes."	( Biogenic amines in the reduction of oxidative stress: melatonin and its metabolites. Jou, MJ; Korkmaz, A; Manchester, LC; Paredes, SD; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2008)	1.05
"Melatonin has been shown to have direct effects on ovarian function."	( Melatonin and the ovary: physiological and pathophysiological implications. Korkmaz, A; Manchester, LC; Nakamura, Y; Reiter, RJ; Sugino, N; Tamura, H; Tan, DX, 2009)	2.52
"Melatonin has anxiolytic and potential analgesic effects. "	( Melatonin improves tourniquet tolerance and enhances postoperative analgesia in patients receiving intravenous regional anesthesia. Ismail, SA; Mowafi, HA, 2008)	3.23
"Melatonin has been shown to possess antioxidant properties and to reduce oxidant events in brain aging."	( Melatonin prevents age-related mitochondrial dysfunction in rat brain via cardiolipin protection. Bertoni-Freddari, C; Fattoretti, P; Matera, M; Paradies, G; Petrosillo, G; Ruggiero, FM, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin rhythm, which has an important role in this pattern, is disturbed."	( Effects of nocturnal hemodialysis on melatonin rhythm and sleep-wake behavior: an uncontrolled trial. Boringa, JB; Hagen, EC; Kerkhof, GA; Koch, BC; Nagtegaal, JE; Ter Wee, PM, 2009)	1.35
"Melatonin has the capability of scavenging both oxygen and nitrogen-based reactants including ONOO- and blocking transcriptional factors which induce pro-inflammatory cytokines."	( The use of melatonin to combat mustard toxicity. REVIEW. Korkmaz, A; Kunak, ZI; Paredes, SD; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX; Yaren, H, 2008)	1.46
"Melatonin has the capability of scavenging both oxygen- and nitrogen-based reactants, including those formed from peroxynitrite, and blocking transcriptional factors, which induce proinflammatory cytokines."	( Melatonin: an established antioxidant worthy of use in clinical trials. Korkmaz, A; Manchester, LC; Oter, S; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX; Topal, T, )	2.3
"Melatonin has the potential therapeutic value to enhance immune function in aged individuals."	( Melatonin and the immune system in aging. Cardinali, DP; Esquifino, AI; Pandi-Perumal, SR; Srinivasan, V, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin has wide range of applications in physiology and biomedical fields."	( Melatonin: fifty years of scientific journey from the discovery in bovine pineal gland to delineation of functions in human. Chowdhury, I; Maitra, SK; Sengupta, A, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin has been shown to exert immunomodulatory properties with broad application in veterinary medicine. "	( Melatonin enhances the immune response to vaccination against A1 and C strains of Dichelobacter nodosus. Martín-Palomino, P; Míguez, Mdel P; Morgado, S; Ramos, A; Regodón, S; Rosado, JA; Tarazona, R, 2009)	3.24
"Melatonin has anxiolytic and potential analgesic effects. "	( Melatonin provides anxiolysis, enhances analgesia, decreases intraocular pressure, and promotes better operating conditions during cataract surgery under topical anesthesia. Ismail, SA; Mowafi, HA, 2009)	3.24
"Melatonin has a potential as a direct free radical scavenger and protects against cell death caused by MA."	( Melatonin reduces induction of Bax, caspase and cell death in methamphetamine-treated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cultured cells. Chetsawang, B; Govitrapong, P; Phansuwan-Pujito, P; Wisessmith, W, 2009)	2.52
"Melatonin has no significant influence on the concentrations of plasma MDA and antioxidants after burn; therefore, it should largely be considered as a limiting factor for tissue-damage."	( Effect of melatonin on burn-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Bekyarova, G; Galunska, B; Ivanova, D; Yankova, T, 2009)	1.48
"Melatonin has been suggested to have antiproliferative effects on cancer cells. "	( The effects of melatonin on human hepatoma (Hep G2) cell line. Arslan, M; Aydin, F; Deniz, O; Kavgaci, H; Kaynar, K; Ozdemir, F; Yildiz, B, 2009)	2.15
"Melatonin has been shown to have potent anti-proliferative effect in various cancer cells such as breast and prostate cancer cells."	( Melatonin inhibits human fibroblast-like synoviocyte proliferation via extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase/P21(CIP1)/P27(KIP1) pathways. Baik, HH; Cho, HY; Chung, JH; Ha, E; Nah, SS; Park, HJ; Won, HJ, 2009)	2.52
"Melatonin has protective effects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury."	( Melatonin provides neuroprotection by reducing oxidative stress and HSP70 expression during chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in ovariectomized rats. Barut, F; Ozacmak, HS; Ozacmak, VH, 2009)	2.52
"As melatonin has a major role in the regulation of sleep and other cyclical bodily activities and its synthesis is directly regulated by the SCN, we postulated that disturbed SCN function is likely to give rise to abnormal melatonin secretion in HD."	( Delayed onset of the diurnal melatonin rise in patients with Huntington's disease. Aziz, NA; Frölich, M; Pijl, H; Roelfsema, F; Roos, RA; Schröder-van der Elst, JP; van der Bent, C, 2009)	1.16
"Melatonin's action has led to its being tried as a treatment for a wide range of sleep disorders, such as jet lag, primary insomnia, sleep-wake cycle disruption and sleep problems in children with neuro-developmental disorders."	( Melatonin for primary insomnia? , 2009)	2.52
"Melatonin has potent hepatoprotective effects as an antioxidant. "	( Melatonin downregulates nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor-kappaB during prevention of oxidative liver injury in a dimethylnitrosamine model. Hong, SS; Hong, SW; Jung, KH; Lee, DH; Zheng, HM, 2009)	3.24
"Melatonin has been shown to exert immunomodularory properties with broad application in veterinary medicine. "	( Evolution of oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers during an open-field vaccination procedure in sheep: effect of melatonin. de Lucía, ML; Laguna, I; Martín-Palomino, P; Míguez, MP; Ramos, A; Regodón, S, 2010)	2.01
"Melatonin has a capacity to improve disturbances in biological rhythms."	( Effect of rhythmic melatonin administration on clock gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the heart of hypertensive TGR(mRen2)27 rats. Herichová, I; Mravec, B; Stebelová, K; Szántóová, K; Zeman, M, 2009)	1.4
"Melatonin has been implicated in the control of the reproductive system, and the modulatory actions of melatonin on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons have been assumed to be indirectly mediated through afferent neurons. "	( Cetrorelix, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, induces the expression of melatonin receptor 1a in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal cell line GT1-7. Ishii, H; Kato, M; Sakuma, Y; Sato, S; Yin, C, 2009)	2.02
"melatonin has been demonstrated to have active antioxidant properties in different tissues during experimental cholestasis. "	( Effect of melatonin on myocardial oxidative stress induced by experimental obstructive jaundice. Arjona, A; Cruz, A; Montilla, P; Muntané, J; Padillo, FJ; Ramírez, LM; Segura, J; Tasset, I; Túnez, I, 2009)	2.2
"Melatonin has been suggested to have several properties, acting both as an antioxidant and a neuroprotective agent."	( A potential role for crystallization inhibitors in treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Costa-Bauzà, A; Grases, F; Prieto, RM, 2010)	1.08
"Melatonin has been reported to be neuroprotective in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) models of PD."	( Melatonin treatment potentiates neurodegeneration in a rat rotenone Parkinson's disease model. Cannon, JR; Greenamyre, JT; Tapias, V, 2010)	2.52
"Melatonin (MT) has direct and indirect free radical detoxifying activity."	( Melatonin protects against oxidative damage in a neonatal rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Fu, JH; Pan, L; Wei, B; Xu, W; Xue, XD; Zhou, P, 2009)	2.52
"Melatonin has critical functions in human physiology and substantial evidence points to its importance in the regulation of circadian rhythms, sleep, and headache disorders."	( Urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin levels are depressed in chronic migraine and several comorbidities. Cipolla-Neto, J; de Souza Vieira, DS; Lin, J; Masruha, MR; Minett, TS; Peres, MF; Vilanova, LC; Zukerman, E, 2010)	1.41
"Melatonin has a protective effect on the RPE against oxidative damage induced by H2O2. "	( [Protective effects of melatonin on cultural human retinal pigment epithelial cells against oxidative damage in vitro]. Feng, YL; Fu, LX; Guo, J; Xiao, ZY; Xie, MS; Xu, GX, 2009)	2.11
"Melatonin has a promising role as an analgesic drug that could be used for alleviating pain associated with cancer, headache or surgical procedures."	( Potential use of melatonergic drugs in analgesia: mechanisms of action. Brown, GM; Cardinali, DP; Moscovitch, A; Pandi-Perumal, SR; Spence, DW; Srinivasan, V; Trakht, I, 2010)	1.08
"Melatonin has significant bearing on sleep architecture and a lack of melatonin may desynchronize endogenous rhythms allowing subsyndromal depression to manifest."	( Altered sleep architecture and higher incidence of subsyndromal depression in low endogenous melatonin secretors. Kayumov, L; Marcu, S; Rahman, SA; Shapiro, CM, 2010)	1.3
"Melatonin has been found act as a differentiating agent in some cancer cells and to lower their invasive and metastatic status."	( Sirtuins, melatonin and circadian rhythms: building a bridge between aging and cancer. Ahmad, N; Jung-Hynes, B; Reiter, RJ, 2010)	1.48
"Melatonin has been reported to exhibit a wide varieties of biological effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammation, and has no evident toxicity and side effect."	( Inhibitory effect of melatonin on lung oxidative stress induced by respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. Cao, XJ; Huang, SH; Liu, W; Shi, XY; Wei, W, 2010)	1.4
"Melatonin has an important role in the aging process as a potential drug to relieve oxidative damage, a likely cause of age-associated brain dysfunction. "	( Chronic melatonin treatment and its precursor L-tryptophan improve the monoaminergic neurotransmission and related behavior in the aged rat brain. Aparicio, S; Barceló, P; Esteban, S; Fiol, MA; Garau, C; Moranta, D; Rial, R, 2010)	2.24
"Melatonin has been found to protect the gastrointestinal mucosa from oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species in different experimental ulcer models."	( The potential therapeutic effect of melatonin in Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease. Abbas, AM; El-Gendy, AA; Kandil, TS; Mousa, AA, 2010)	1.36
"Melatonin has a role in the improvement of Gastro-esophageal reflux disease when used alone or in combination with omeprazole. "	( The potential therapeutic effect of melatonin in Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease. Abbas, AM; El-Gendy, AA; Kandil, TS; Mousa, AA, 2010)	2.08
"As melatonin has been implicated in playing a role in inducing osteoporosis and that the effect could be mediated by the RANKL/RANK/OPG system, we decided to investigate the potential associations between MEL and bone status in girls with AN."	( Melatonin, the RANKL/RANK/OPG system, and bone metabolism in girls with anorexia nervosa. Dyduch, A; Kos-Kudła, B; Ostrowska, Z; Oświecimska, J; Swietochowska, E; Szapska, B; Wołkowska-Pokrywa, K; Ziora, K, )	2.09
"Melatonin has been proposed as a treatment for tinnitus, especially on the basis of its favourable effects on sleep and its vasoactive and antioxidant properties. "	( Exploring the reasons why melatonin can improve tinnitus. Ferri, GG; Pirodda, A; Raimondi, MC, 2010)	2.1
"Melatonin has virtually no toxicity which raises the possibility of this indole being a therapeutic treatment for ischemic heart disease."	( Melatonin protects against isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in the rat: antioxidative mechanisms. Bandyopadhyay, A; Bandyopadhyay, D; Basu, A; Chattopadhyay, A; Ghosh, AK; Mitra, E; Mukherjee, D; Reiter, RJ; Roy, SG, 2010)	2.52
"Melatonin has shown promising results in the treatment of insomnia in children with ASD."	( Epidemiology and management of insomnia in children with autistic spectrum disorders. Ferri, R; Miano, S, 2010)	1.08
"Melatonin has been advocated in treatment of sleep disorders, and its beneficial effect has been confirmed in insomnia."	( Melatonin and sleep-related problems in children with intractable epilepsy. Abd-Elhamid, IA; Asaad, T; Elkhayat, HA; Elwakkad, AS; Hassanein, SM; Tomoum, HY, 2010)	2.52
"Melatonin has a protective role in type 2 diabetes; however, its synthesis itself is affected in the disease."	( Adrenoceptor expression and diurnal rhythms of melatonin and its precursors in the pineal gland of type 2 diabetic goto-kakizaki rats. Bach, AG; Mühlbauer, E; Peschke, E, 2010)	1.34
"Melatonin has been reported to be present in human seminal fluid, but its antioxidant activities in semen are rather contradictory."	( The in vitro effects of melatonin on human sperm function and its scavenging activities on NO and ROS. du Plessis, SS; Hagenaar, K; Lampiao, F, 2010)	1.39
"Melatonin has been shown as a specific antioxidant due to its amphiphilic feature that allows it to cross physiological barriers, thereby reducing oxidative damage in both lipid and aqueous cell environments."	( Melatonin: action as antioxidant and potential applications in human disease and aging. Bonnefont-Rousselot, D; Collin, F, 2010)	2.52
"Melatonin has been also used as a complementary treatment in anaesthesia, hemodialysis, in vitro fertilization and neonatal care."	( Clinical uses of melatonin: evaluation of human trials. Mediavilla, MD; Reiter, RJ; Sánchez-Barceló, EJ; Tan, DX, 2010)	1.42
"Melatonin has also been reported as effective in combating various bacterial and viral infections."	( Melatonin in septic shock: some recent concepts. Cardinali, DP; Kato, H; Pandi-Perumal, SR; Spence, DW; Srinivasan, V, 2010)	2.52
"Melatonin has been proposed as regulating the immune system by affecting cytokine production in immunocompetent cells, enhancing the production of several T helper (Th)1 cytokines. "	( Blocking of melatonin synthesis and MT(1) receptor impairs the activation of Jurkat T cells. Carrillo-Vico, A; Cerrillo, I; Fernandez-Riejos, P; Gómez-Corvera, A; Guerrero, JM; Lardone, PJ; Molinero, P; Rubio, A; Sanchez-Hidalgo, M; Sanchez-Margalet, V, 2010)	2.18
"Melatonin deficiency has been postulated as an etiologic factors in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). "	( Abnormal proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts from girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis to melatonin. Cheng, JC; Hung, WY; Lee, SK; Man, GC; Ng, BK; Ng, TB; Qiu, Y; Wang, WW; Wong, JH; Yeung, BH, 2010)	2.02
"Melatonin levels have been shown to decrease in patients with cancer and exogenous melatonin exhibits antiproliferative effects against certain cancers."	( Melatonin resynchronizes dysregulated circadian rhythm circuitry in human prostate cancer cells. Ahmad, N; Huang, W; Jung-Hynes, B; Reiter, RJ, 2010)	2.52
"Melatonin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, chronobiotic and, possibly, epigenetic regulatory functions."	( Melatonin and circadian biology in human cardiovascular disease. Abreu-Gonzalez, P; Dominguez-Rodriguez, A; Kaski, JC; Reiter, RJ; Sanchez-Sanchez, JJ, 2010)	2.52
"Melatonin has efficient protective effects against various oxidative damages in nervous system."	( Melatonin protects against Nickel-induced neurotoxicity in vitro by reducing oxidative stress and maintaining mitochondrial function. He, MD; Wang, Y; Xu, SC; Yang, J; Yang, L; Yu, ZP; Zhang, YW; Zhong, M; Zhou, Z, 2010)	2.52
"Melatonin (MEL) has antioxidant activity and prevents experimental genotoxicity."	( Melatonin and celecoxib improve the outcomes in hamsters with experimental pancreatic cancer. Cruz, A; Montilla, P; Muntané, J; Padillo, FJ; Perea, MD; Ruiz-Rabelo, JF; Tasset, I; Túnez, I, 2010)	2.52
"Melatonin has been reported to inhibit pancreatic cancer growth in experimental studies in animals but the effect of melatonin on cultured human pancreatic carcinoma cells has not been tested."	( Melatonin induces pro-apoptotic signaling pathway in human pancreatic carcinoma cells (PANC-1). Jaworek, J; Leja-Szpak, A; Pierzchalski, P; Reiter, RJ, 2010)	2.52
"Melatonin has been known for its anti-oxidant potential but not much studied for the anti-genotoxic potential. "	( Evaluation of in vitro anti-genotoxic potential of melatonin against arsenic and fluoride in human blood cultures. Pant, HH; Rao, MV, 2010)	2.06
"Melatonin has many effects on a wide range of physiological functions and is involved in a number of pathological events including oncostatic and neoplastic processes. "	( Pro-oxidant effect of melatonin in tumour leucocytes: relation with its cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects. Barriga, C; Bejarano, I; Espino, J; Pariente, JA; Reiter, RJ; Rodríguez, AB, 2011)	2.13
"Melatonin has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory activities in tissues."	( Melatonin expresses powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities resulting in complete improvement of acetic-acid-induced colitis in rats. Aktolga, S; Cetinkaya, A; Dorko, K; Gramignoli, R; Marongiu, F; Tahan, G; Tahan, V, 2011)	2.53
"Melatonin has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of malignant and transformed human prostate epithelial cells by transcriptional up-regulation of p27(Kip1) expression via MTNR1A receptor-mediated activation of protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) in parallel. "	( Signal transduction of receptor-mediated antiproliferative action of melatonin on human prostate epithelial cells involves dual activation of Gα(s) and Gα(q) proteins. Pang, B; Shiu, SY; Tam, CW; Yao, KM, 2010)	2.04
"Melatonin, in turn, has feedback effects on SCN neuronal activity rhythms via high affinity G protein-coupled receptors (MT(1) and MT(2) )."	( Electrophysiological effects of melatonin on mouse Per1 and non-Per1 suprachiasmatic nuclei neurones in vitro. Belle, MD; Delagrange, P; Piggins, HD; Scott, FF, 2010)	1.37
"Melatonin has been reported to decrease nerve activity of medial vestibular nuclei in the rat and is associated with attenuated muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) responses to baroreceptor unloading in humans. "	( Melatonin attenuates the vestibulosympathetic but not vestibulocollic reflexes in humans: selective impairment of the utricles. Cook, JS; Ray, CA, 2010)	3.25
"Melatonin has important antioxidant properties owing to direct and indirect effects."	( Update on the use of melatonin in pediatrics. Aversa, S; Barberi, I; Gitto, E; Pellegrino, S; Reiter, RJ, 2011)	1.41
"Melatonin has been demonstrated to differentially alter blood flow to assorted vascular beds by the activation of different melatonin receptors in animal models."	( Melatonin differentially affects vascular blood flow in humans. Cook, JS; Ray, CA; Sauder, CL, 2011)	2.53
"Melatonin has previously been demonstrated to be a powerful organ protective substance in numerous models of injury; these beneficial effects have been attributed to the hormone's intense radical scavenging capacity."	( Hepatoprotective actions of melatonin: possible mediation by melatonin receptors. Mathes, AM, 2010)	1.38
"Melatonin has recently gained attention as a regulator of biologic processes in addition to its effects on circadian rhythms. "	( Melatonin sensitizes Caki renal cancer cells to kahweol-induced apoptosis through CHOP-mediated up-regulation of PUMA. Kwon, TK; Park, JW; Um, HJ, 2011)	3.25
"Melatonin has been reported as important anti-apoptotic agent in various tissues by reducing cell calcium uptake, modulating expression of anti-oxidants and decreasing pro-apoptotic protein, such as Bax."	( [Melatonin: cell death modulator]. Baracat, EC; Ferreira, Cda S; Girão, MJ; Maganhin, CC; Simões, Rdos S; Soares, JM, )	1.76
"No melatonin expression has been observed in the rest of platelets in patients with AIA."	( Expression of melatonin in platelets of patients with aspirin-induced asthma. Evsyukova, HV, 2011)	1.24
"Melatonin has been suggested to play a role in fish osmoregulation, and in salmonids has been related to the timing of adaptive mechanisms during smolting. "	( Changes in plasma melatonin levels and pineal organ melatonin synthesis following acclimation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to different water salinities. Gesto, M; López-Patiño, MA; Míguez, JM; Rodríguez-Illamola, A; Soengas, JL, 2011)	2.15
"Melatonin has also significant cytoprotective properties preventing a number of MS sequelae in animal models of diabetes and obesity."	( Melatonin and the metabolic syndrome: physiopathologic and therapeutical implications. Cano, P; Cardinali, DP; Esquifino, AI; Jiménez-Ortega, V, 2011)	2.53
"Melatonin has no antagonistic effect on the dental fluorosis."	( [Effect of fluoride on the expression of MMP-20/TIMP-2 in ameloblast of rat incisor and the antagonistic effect of melatonin against fluorosis]. Cheng, GY; Guo, XY; Xi, SH; Zhang, XL; Zhang, Y, 2011)	1.3
"Melatonin also has receptor-independent activity and can directly scavenge free radicals."	( A new perspective in Oral health: potential importance and actions of melatonin receptors MT1, MT2, MT3, and RZR/ROR in the oral cavity. Aneiros-Cachaza, J; Aneiros-Fernández, J; Arias-Santiago, S; Cutando, A; López-Valverde, A; Reiter, RJ, 2011)	1.32
"Melatonin has immunomodulatory effects but very little is known about its influence in protozoan infections, such as Entamoeba histolytica, which causes amoebiasis, a disease with significant morbidity and mortality. "	( Melatonin reduces the severity of experimental amoebiasis. Caliari, MV; Franca, EL; França, JL; França-Botelho, AC; Gomes, MA; Honório-França, AC; Oliveira, FM, 2011)	3.25
"Melatonin has been proven to have chronobiotic, antioxidant, antihypertensive, anxiolytic and sedative properties."	( Analgesic effects of melatonin: a review of current evidence from experimental and clinical studies. Amirian, I; Gögenur, I; Reiter, RJ; Rosenberg, J; Wilhelmsen, M, 2011)	1.41
"Melatonin has been reported in a variety of food plants and, consequently, in a number of plant-derived foodstuffs. "	( The presence of melatonin in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) berry tissues. Faoro, F; Fico, G; Gardana, C; Iriti, M; Simonetti, P; Vitalini, S; Zanzotto, A, 2011)	2.16
"Melatonin has a variety of therapeutic effects, such as immunomodulatory actions, anti-inflammatory effects, and antioxidant actions."	( MicroRNA and gene expression analysis of melatonin-exposed human breast cancer cell lines indicating involvement of the anticancer effect. Hwang, SY; Kim, SJ; Lee, SE; Park, CS; Park, YS; Youn, JP, 2011)	1.36
"Melatonin (C₁₃H₁₆N₂O₂) has a wide range of functions in the body. "	( Quantitative calculation of human melatonin suppression induced by inappropriate light at night. He, Z; Meng, Y; Yin, J; Zhang, T; Zhang, Y, 2011)	2.09
"Melatonin has receptors in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and regulates development of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. "	( Neuroprotective effect of exogenous melatonin on dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra in ovariectomized rats. Jameie, B; Joghataie, MT; Madjd, Z; Mehraein, F; Talebi, R, 2011)	2.09
"Melatonin has been shown as a specific antioxidant reducing oxidative damage in both lipid and aqueous cell environments."	( New paradigms in chronic intestinal inflammation and colon cancer: role of melatonin. García-Mauriño, S; Illanes, M; Motilva, V; Talero, E, 2011)	1.32
"Melatonin has great pharmacological potential in protecting mtDNA against the adverse effects of nickel in the nervous system."	( Nickel exposure induces oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA in Neuro2a cells: the neuroprotective roles of melatonin. He, MD; Li, L; Lu, YH; Wang, Y; Xu, SC; Yu, ZP; Zhang, YW; Zhong, M; Zhou, Z, 2011)	1.3
"Melatonin has both the ability to induce intrinsic apoptosis in tumor cells while it inhibits it in non-tumor cells. "	( Melatonin: the smart killer: the human trophoblast as a model. Lacasse, AA; Lanoix, D; Reiter, RJ; Vaillancourt, C, 2012)	3.26
"Melatonin has been used for improving sleep in patients with insomnia mainly because it does not cause hangover or show any addictive potential."	( Melatonin and its analogs in insomnia and depression. Brown, GM; Brzezinski, A; Cardinali, DP; Srinivasan, V, 2012)	2.54
"Melatonin receptors have been described to activate different G protein-dependent signaling pathways, both in laboratory, heterologous, cellular models and in physiological conditions. "	( Description of the constitutive activity of cloned human melatonin receptors hMT(1) and hMT(2) and discovery of inverse agonists. Boutin, JA; Brasseur, C; Cohen, W; Delagrange, P; Devavry, S; Legros, C; Malpaux, B; Nosjean, O; Spadoni, G, 2012)	2.07
"Melatonin receptors have been identified in several retinal cell types, including photoreceptors, horizontal cells, amacrine cells, and ganglion cells. "	( Melatonin receptors are anatomically organized to modulate transmission specifically to cone pathways in the retina of Xenopus laevis. Sherry, DM; Wiechmann, AF, 2012)	3.26
"Melatonin has ubiquitous actions, both as a direct free-radical scavenger and as an indirect anti-oxidant. "	( Neuroprotective effects of melatonin on the nigrostriatal dopamine system in the zitter rat. Ehara, A; Hashimoto, K; Hirata, K; Sakakibara, S; Ueda, S; Yoshimoto, K, 2012)	2.12
"Melatonin has the capability of scavenging both oxygen and nitrogen-based reactants and blocking transcriptional factors which induce pro-inflammatory cytokines."	( Glucose: a vital toxin and potential utility of melatonin in protecting against the diabetic state. Korkmaz, A; Ma, S; Reiter, RJ; Rosales-Corral, S; Tan, DX; Topal, T, 2012)	1.36
"Melatonin has been reported to play a fundamental role in T-cell immunoregulation. "	( Does orchiectomy enhance the immune-stimulatory effects of melatonin during experimental Chagas' disease? Brazão, V; Caetano, LC; Caetano, LN; do Prado, JC; Filipin, Mdel V; Santello, FH; Toldo, MP, 2012)	2.06
"Melatonin has both neuritogenic and neuroprotective effects in mammalian cell lines such as neuroblastoma cells. "	( Melatonin: neuritogenesis and neuroprotective effects in crustacean x-organ cells. Cary, GA; Cuttler, AS; Duda, KA; Kusema, ET; Myers, JA; Tilden, AR, 2012)	3.26
"Melatonin has been linked to several aspects of cancer progression and also to regulation of autophagy."	( Involvement of melatonin in autophagy-mediated mouse hepatoma H22 cell survival. Hao, S; Hou, J; Jia, Z; Liu, C; Ruan, X; Wang, L; Yu, Z; Zhang, X; Zheng, Y, 2012)	1.45
"Melatonin has been shown to have beneficial effects in cardiovascular disorders including ischaemic heart disease and hypertension."	( Melatonin and the metabolic syndrome: a tool for effective therapy in obesity-associated abnormalities? du Toit, EF; Lochner, A; Nduhirabandi, F, 2012)	2.54
"Melatonin has also been found to be effective in combating various bacterial and viral infections."	( Melatonin in bacterial and viral infections with focus on sepsis: a review. Kato, H; Mohamed, M; Srinivasan, V, 2012)	2.54
"Melatonin has antitumor activity via several mechanisms including its antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in addition to its potent antioxidant action. "	( Melatonin potentiates chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in rat pancreatic tumor cells. Bejarano, I; Cig, B; Espino, J; Naziroglu, M; Pariente, JA; Rodríguez, AB; Uguz, AC, 2012)	3.26
"Melatonin has beneficial effects against early brain injury (EBI) by modulating cerebral oxidative stress after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH); however, few investigations relate to the precise underlying molecular mechanisms. "	( Melatonin activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway when it protects against early brain injury in a subarachnoid hemorrhage model. Chen, G; He, WC; Huo, L; Liu, HX; Ma, C; Meng, CJ; Shen, XM; Shu, Z; Sun, XB; Wang, Z; Zhang, J; Zhu, GQ, 2012)	3.26
"Melatonin has many protective effects against ischemic stroke, but the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms are not fully understood. "	( Melatonin ameliorates neural function by promoting endogenous neurogenesis through the MT2 melatonin receptor in ischemic-stroke mice. Chern, CM; Liao, JF; Shen, YC; Wang, YH, 2012)	3.26
"  Melatonin has neuroprotective effects in the models of neurodegenerative disease including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. "	( Melatonin-induced autophagy protects against human prion protein-mediated neurotoxicity. Jeong, JK; Lee, YJ; Moon, MH; Park, SY; Seol, JW, 2012)	2.54
"Melatonin has a major role in control of circadian rhythm and sleep regulation and other effects on the immune system, neuroprotection, and oxidant/anti-oxidant activity."	( Potential use of melatonin in sleep and delirium in the critically ill. Bellapart, J; Boots, R, 2012)	1.44
"Melatonin has both its direct and indirect immunomodulatory effects on the immune system."	( Plasma melatonin and urinary 6-hydroxymelatonin levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Agilli, M; Akgul, EO; Arslan, Y; Aydin, I; Cakir, E; Cayci, T; Deniz, O; Erbil, MK; Gumus, S; Ilhan, N; Kurt, YG; Ozkan, E; Oztosun, M; Yaman, H, 2012)	1.56
"Melatonin has potent antioxidant, analgesic, and antinociceptive properties. "	( Cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of melatonin in hydrogen peroxide-stimulated CHON-001 human chondrocyte cell line and rabbit model of osteoarthritis via the SIRT1 pathway. Cho, SG; Choi, BJ; Chun, YH; Kim, EC; Kim, YS; Ko, SH; Lim, HD; Yoon, IJ, 2012)	2.08
"Melatonin has been shown to inhibit breast cancer cell growth in numerous studies. "	( Combined effects of melatonin and all-trans retinoic acid and somatostatin on breast cancer cell proliferation and death: molecular basis for the anticancer effect of these molecules. Dama, A; Formigli, L; Francini, F; Margheri, M; Masala, E; Nosi, D; Pacini, N; Squecco, R; Tani, A; Zecchi-Orlandini, S, 2012)	2.15
"Melatonin has been postulated as necessary for homeostatic control of energy metabolism in several vertebrate groups, and in fish it has been suggested as an anti-stress molecule."	( Melatonin treatment alters glucosensing capacity and mRNA expression levels of peptides related to food intake control in rainbow trout hypothalamus. Conde-Sieira, M; Librán-Pérez, M; López Patiño, MA; Míguez, JM; Soengas, JL, 2012)	2.54
"Melatonin has a key role in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle, so this raised the hypothesis that alterations in the metabolism of melatonin might play an important role in the development of delirium."	( [Delirium, insomnia in hospitalization and ramelteon]. Ito, T, 2012)	1.1
"Melatonin has anti-oxidant activity and it exerts a neuroprotective effects during ischemic brain injury. "	( Melatonin regulates the calcium-buffering proteins, parvalbumin and hippocalcin, in ischemic brain injury. Koh, PO, 2012)	3.26
"Melatonin has cardioprotective properties via its direct free radical scavenging and its indirect antioxidant activity."	( The role of melatonin in acute myocardial infarction. Abreu-Gonzalez, P; Avanzas, P; Dominguez-Rodriguez, A, 2012)	1.48
"Melatonin has been known to affect a variety of astrocytes functions in many neurological disorders but its mechanism of action on neuroinflammatory cascade and alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) expression are still not properly understood. "	( Melatonin attenuated mediators of neuroinflammation and alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mRNA expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated rat astrocytoma cells, C6. Nath, C; Niranjan, R; Shukla, R, 2012)	3.26
"Melatonin has antiproliferative properties in prostate cancer cells. "	( Phenotypic changes caused by melatonin increased sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to cytokine-induced apoptosis. Hevia, D; Mayo, JC; Navarro, M; Quiros-Gonzalez, I; Rodriguez-Garcia, A; Sainz, RM, 2013)	2.12
"Melatonin has revealed itself to be a pleiotropic and multitasking molecule. "	( Role of melatonin in cancer treatment. Arias-Santiago, S; Cutando, A; DE Diego, RG; DE Vicente, J; López-Valverde, A, 2012)	2.26
"Melatonin has a partial protective effect on RPE cells against H(2)O(2) damage across a wide range of concentrations (10(-10)-10(-4) M). "	( Effects of melatonin and its receptor antagonist on retinal pigment epithelial cells against hydrogen peroxide damage. Chen, M; Hu, DN; McCormick, SA; Roberts, JE; Rosen, RB; Walsh, J, 2012)	2.21
"Melatonin has antioxidant and neuroprotective properties in human beings and experimental models, as well as 'anti-estrogenic' effects. "	( Estrogen blocks the protective action of melatonin in a behavioral model of ethanol-induced hangover in mice. Cutrera, RA; Karadayian, AG; Mac Laughlin, MA, 2012)	2.09
"Melatonin has been reported to present with vasorelaxant and anti-fibrotic properties. "	( Melatonin down-regulates volume-sensitive chloride channels in fibroblasts. Ben Soussia, I; Mies, F; Naeije, R; Shlyonsky, V, 2012)	3.26
"Melatonin has been suggested to be effective in improving MetS through its anti-hyperlipidemic action."	( Metabolic syndrome, its pathophysiology and the role of melatonin. Espino, J; Mohamed, M; Ohta, Y; Pariente, JA; Rodriguez, AB; Srinivasan, V; Zakaria, R, 2013)	1.36
"Melatonin has been mainly used for alleviating some disorders related with insomnia and circadian rhythmicity. "	( Behavioural actions of two new 1-N substituted analogues of melatonin. Bustamante-García, R; Lira-Rocha, AS; Naranjo-Rodríguez, EB; Ortiz-Osornio, A; Picazo, O, 2013)	2.07
"Melatonin has been reported as a direct free radical scavenger."	( Melatonin may play a role in modulation of bax and bcl-2 expression levels to protect rat peripheral blood lymphocytes from gamma irradiation-induced apoptosis. Bazzaz, JT; Ghazi-khansari, M; Mihandoost, E; Mohseni, M; Sepehrizadeh, Z; Shirazi, A, )	2.3
"Melatonin has been shown to reduce the incidence of experimentally induced cancers and can significantly inhibit the growth of some human tumors, namely hormone-dependent cancers."	( Molecular mechanisms of melatonin's inhibitory actions on breast cancers. Bizzarri, M; Cucina, A; Proietti, S; Reiter, RJ, 2013)	1.42
"Melatonin has attracted attention because of their high antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activity. "	( In vivo and in vitro evaluation of the use of a newly developed melatonin loaded emulsion combined with UV filters as a protective agent against skin irradiation. Campmany, AC; Martínez, AR; Naveros, BC; Ramírez, ML; Sierra, AF, 2013)	2.07
"Melatonin has therefore been implicated in neuroplasticity of the song control system."	( Season- and context-dependent sex differences in melatonin receptor activity in a forebrain song control nucleus. Bentley, GE; Calisi, RM; Perfito, N, 2013)	1.37
"Melatonin has been suggested as an effective free radical scavenger that might have a role during the process of aging."	( Improvement of oxidative stress and immunity by melatonin: an age dependent study in golden hamster. Dash, D; Haldar, C; Mukherjee, A; Nayak, MK; Vishwas, DK, 2013)	1.37
"Melatonin (MLT) has many health implications, therefore it is important to develop specific analytical methods for the determination of MLT in the presence of its main impurity, N-{2-[1-({3-[2-(acetylamino)ethyl]-5-methoxy-1H-indol-2-yl}methyl)-5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl]ethyl}acetamide (DMLT) and pyridoxine HCl (PNH) as a co-formulated drug. "	( Comparative ANNs with different input layers and GA-PLS study for simultaneous spectrofluorimetric determination of melatonin and pyridoxine HCl in the presence of melatonin’s main impurity. Abdelhameed, AS; Alanazi, AM; Attia, MI; Bakheit, AH; Darwish, HW, 2013)	2.04
"Melatonin has been known to be a chemopreventive agent since its levels inversely correlate with the risk of developing cancer. "	( Blockage of melatonin receptors impairs p53-mediated prevention of DNA damage accumulation. Blandino, G; Cambria, MA; Grasso, G; Marani, M; Mori, F; Muti, P; Santoro, R; Strano, S, 2013)	2.21
"Melatonin (MLT) has a significant role in mammalian reproduction, with little or no effect in birds. "	( The effect of melatonin administration on circulating plasma luteinizing hormone concentration in castrated White Leghorn roosters. Aharony, T; Rozenboim, I; Yahav, S, 2002)	2.12
"As melatonin levels have been reported to decrease with age, melatonin replacement therapy may attenuate I/R-induced myocardial injury, especially in older patients."	( Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats: reduction of infarct size by either supplemental physiological or pharmacological doses of melatonin. Acet, A; Olmez, E; Ozer, MK; Sahna, E, 2002)	1.03
"Melatonin has been shown to have a variety of functions, and research in the last decade has proven the indole to be both a direct free radical scavenger and indirect antioxidant."	( Melatonin: reducing the toxicity and increasing the efficacy of drugs. Lopez-Burillo, S; Mayo, JC; Reiter, RJ; Sainz, RM; Tan, DX, 2002)	2.48
"Melatonin (MLT) has received much attention in recent years due to its direct free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties."	( Melatonin regulation of antioxidant enzyme gene expression. Antoli, I; Herrera, F; Martin, V; Mayo, JC; Rodriguez, C; Sainz, RM, 2002)	2.48
"Melatonin has been shown to be an effective antioxidant in a number of experimental models both in vitro and in vivo. "	( The chemistry of melatonin's interaction with reactive species. Allegra, M; Gentile, C; Livrea, MA; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX; Tesoriere, L, 2003)	2.1
"Melatonin deficiency has no effect on the rhythm generation, or on the maintenance of the oscillation."	( Melatonin: a clock-output, a clock-input. Korf, HW; Stehle, JH; von Gall, C, 2003)	2.48
"Melatonin has been detected in bacteria, eukaryotic unicells, macroalgae, plants, fungi and various taxa of invertebrates. "	( Non-vertebrate melatonin. Hardeland, R; Poeggeler, B, 2003)	2.11
"Melatonin has been reported to possess growth inhibitory action at certain physiological doses in cancer cell lines in vitro and oncostatic action under in vivo conditions. "	( Pharmacological action of high doses of melatonin on B16 murine melanoma cells depends on cell number at time of exposure. Jayaraman, S; Yerneni, LK, 2003)	2.03
"Melatonin has also been shown to modulate vascular smooth muscle tone and to induce hemodynamic effects in humans."	( Impaired nocturnal melatonin secretion in non-dipper hypertensive patients. Garfinkel, D; Grossman, E; Jonas, M; Laudon, M; Zisapel, N, 2003)	1.37
"Melatonin has been successfully used as antioxidant against many renal diseases."	( Small heat shock proteins expression in rat kidneys treated with cyclosporine A alone and combined with melatonin. Angoscini, P; Bianchi, R; Rezzani, R; Rodella, L; Stacchiotti, A, )	1.07
"Melatonin has a protective effect on colonic injury induced by both acetic acid and TNBS enemas, which is probably via a mechanism of local inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression in colonic mucosa."	( Effects of melatonin on the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in rat models of colitis. Dong, WG; Mei, Q; Xiang, L; Xu, JM; Xu, Y; Yu, JP, 2003)	2.15
"Melatonin has a direct inhibitory effect on the basal and oestradiol-stimulated mitotic activity of primary spermatogonia in the testis of the frog, Rana esculenta. "	( Inhibition of the basal and oestradiol-stimulated mitotic activity of primary spermatogonia by melatonin in the testis of the frog, Rana esculenta, in vivo and in vitro. d'Istria, M; Izzo, G; Minucci, S; Palmiero, C; Serino, I, 2003)	1.98
"Melatonin has been reported to have antioxidant properties in addition to its known hormonal activities."	( Melatonin-induced reduction in age-related accumulation of oxidative damage in mice. Bhatia, AL; Manda, K, 2003)	2.48
"Melatonin has been investigated in TD based on its antioxidant properties. "	( Melatonin for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. Hausafus, SN; McGuire, JM; Nelson, LA, )	3.02
"Melatonin has been reported to participate in the regulation of a number of important physiological and pathological processes. "	( The effect of melatonin against oxidative damage during total-body irradiation in rats. Bakan, N; Emin Buyukokuroglu, M; Koc, M; Taysi, S, 2003)	2.12
"Melatonin has been recently introduced as an oncostatic agent, especially for hormone-dependent tumors."	( Response in DNA ploidy of hepatocytes to tamoxifen and/or melatonin in vivo. Deniz, G; Gürdöl, F; Ozden, T; Süzme, R, 2001)	1.28
"Melatonin has been found useful in spinal cord injury in previous studies. "	( Effects of prostaglandin E1, melatonin, and oxytetracycline on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense system, paraoxonase (PON1) activities, and homocysteine levels in an animal model of spinal cord injury. Akdemir, I; Gursu, F; Kaplan, M; Kilic, N; Ozveren, F; Tiftikci, M; Topsakal, C, 2003)	2.05
"Melatonin has been successfully used to alleviate jet lag symptoms of travellers and there is also a smaller amount of evidence that the hormone helps shiftworkers adjust to nocturnal regimens."	( The relevance of melatonin to sports medicine and science. Atkinson, G; Drust, B; Reilly, T; Waterhouse, J, 2003)	1.38
"Melatonin has been demonstrated to increase activity in the forced swim test (FST), a putative model of antidepressant efficacy, indicating that it may possess antidepressant-like qualities. "	( Corticosterone attenuates the antidepressant-like effects elicited by melatonin in the forced swim test in both male and female rats. Brotto, LA; Gorzalka, BB; Hill, MN; Lee, TT, 2003)	2
"Melatonin which has a highly lipophilic molecular structure facilitating penetration of cell membranes and serving as an extra- and intracellular free radical scavenger has been demonstrated to protect photodamage of skin affected by UV exposure."	( Melatonin reduces ultraviolet-B induced cell damages and polyamine levels in human skin fibroblasts in culture. Kim, BC; Kim, SP; Lee, KS; Lee, SR; Lee, WS; Ryoo, YW; Suh, SI, 2003)	2.48
"Melatonin has been identified in a number of invertebrates, but little is known of its functions or its circadian control. "	( A miniature radioimmunoassay for melatonin for use with small samples from invertebrates. Gorbet, DJ; Steel, CG, 2003)	2.04
"Melatonin has demonstrated protective effects in severe sepsis/shock in the animal model. "	( The pineal gland hormone melatonin improves survival in a rat model of sepsis/shock induced by zymosan A. Blask, D; Dauchy, R; Dietz, PA; Lynch, D; Reynolds, FD; Zuckerman, R, 2003)	2.07
"Melatonin has no known adverse effects in humans and may represent a novel treatment for sepsis/shock."	( The pineal gland hormone melatonin improves survival in a rat model of sepsis/shock induced by zymosan A. Blask, D; Dauchy, R; Dietz, PA; Lynch, D; Reynolds, FD; Zuckerman, R, 2003)	1.34
"Melatonin has recently been shown to have high antioxidative propies."	( [Current view of the pineal gland]. Recio Pascual, JM, 2003)	1.04
"Melatonin has a general inhibitory effect on the reproductive system and thyroid functions. "	( The effect of intraperitoneal melatonin supplementation on the release of thyroid hormones and testosterone in rats with hyperthyroid. Baltaci, AK; Mogulkoc, R, 2003)	2.05
"Melatonin has been attributed a role in a number of physiological processes. "	( No influence of melatonin on cerebral blood flow in humans. Blauw, GJ; de Craen, AJ; van Buchem, MA; van den Boom, R; van der Helm-van Mil, AH; van Someren, EJ, 2003)	2.11
"Melatonin has been reported to reduce infarct volumes induced by transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. "	( Delayed treatment with melatonin enhances electrophysiological recovery following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Chang, GL; Chen, TY; Chuang, JI; Lee, EJ; Lee, MY; Tsai, YY; Wu, TS, 2004)	2.08
"Melatonin has been identified in a wide range of organisms from bacteria to human beings."	( Evidence of melatonin synthesis by human lymphocytes and its physiological significance: possible role as intracrine, autocrine, and/or paracrine substance. Abreu, P; Calvo, JR; Carrillo-Vico, A; García-Mauriño, S; Guerrero, JM; Lardone, PJ; Reiter, RJ, 2004)	1.42
"Melatonin has been reported to reduce the oxidative stress status in neonates with sepsis."	( Melatonin protects from, but does not reverse, the effects of mediators of sepsis on liver bioenergetics. Basile, M; Eaton, S; Gitto, E; Pierro, A; Romeo, C; Spitz, L, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin has a protective effect on hepatocyte oxidative metabolism, improving mitochondrial function by counteracting oxidative stress."	( Melatonin protects from, but does not reverse, the effects of mediators of sepsis on liver bioenergetics. Basile, M; Eaton, S; Gitto, E; Pierro, A; Romeo, C; Spitz, L, 2004)	3.21
"Melatonin has been shown to prevent paralysis and death in mice infected with the encephalomyocarditis virus and to decrease viremia."	( Melatonin and viral infections. Bonilla, E; Chacín-Bonilla, L; Medina-Leendertz, S; Valero, N, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin has been reported recently to reduce oxidative stress in neonates with sepsis, asphyxia, and respiratory distress."	( Melatonin reduces oxidative stress in surgical neonates. Antonuccio, P; Barberi, I; Basile, M; Gentile, C; Gitto, E; Impellizzeri, P; Pesce, S; Reiter, RJ; Romeo, C; Trimarchi, G; Zuccarello, B, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin has been shown to regulate several immune functions, and some authors showed that leukocytes are also able to produce the indolamine. "	( Tryptophan consumption and indoleamines production by peritoneal cavity macrophages. Afeche, SC; Cipolla-Neto, J; Costa Rosa, LF; Ferreira, AC; Martins, E; Skorupa, AL, 2004)	1.77
"Melatonin has been recently shown to affect insulin release and its receptors have been characterized in the pancreas however, the effects of melatonin on the pancreatic enzyme secretion have not been examined."	( Melatonin and its precursor, L-tryptophan: influence on pancreatic amylase secretion in vivo and in vitro. Jaworek, J; Konturek, SJ; Leja-Szpak, A; Nawrot, K; Pawlik, WW; Thor, P, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin receptors have been detected in the brain, but the contribution of these receptors to the pancreatic protection is unknown."	( Melatonin precursor; L-tryptophan protects the pancreas from development of acute pancreatitis through the central site of action. Bonior, J; Czupryna, A; Jaworek, J; Konturek, SJ; Kot, M; Leja-Szpak, A; Nawrot, K; Palonek, M; Pawlik, WW; Stachura, J; Tomaszewska, R, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin actions that have been identified include its ability to directly neutralize a number of toxic reactants and stimulate antioxidative enzymes."	( Pharmacological utility of melatonin in reducing oxidative cellular and molecular damage. Gitto, E; Kilic, E; Kilic, U; Leon, J; Manchester, LC; Mayo, JC; Reiter, RJ; Sainz, RM; Tan, DX, )	1.15
"Melatonin has no significant effect on the GSH-Px and CAT activity but, it caused a significant decrease in SOD activity (p<0.05)."	( In vitro effects of melatonin on the filtrability of erythrocytes in SNP-induced oxidative stress. Aydogan, S; Yapislar, H; Yerer, MB, 2004)	1.37
"Melatonin has been shown to either stimulate gene expression for the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase) or to increase their activity."	( Neuroprotective role of melatonin in oxidative stress vulnerable brain. Gupta, M; Gupta, YK; Kohli, K, 2003)	1.35
"Melatonin has also been shown to be involved in the inhibitory regulation of collagen content in tissues."	( Melatonin reduces dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Aydin, S; Aytekin, H; Canbakan, B; Mert, A; Ozaras, R; Ozbay, G; Senturk, H; Tahan, V; Uzun, H; Yildirim, B, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin has sleep-inducing activity and reportedly affects smooth muscle tone and inflammation."	( Melatonin improves sleep in asthma: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Campos, FL; da Silva-Júnior, FP; de Bruin, PF; de Bruin, VM, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin has been shown to decrease circulating leptin levels."	( Pinealectomy increases and exogenous melatonin decreases leptin production in rat anterior pituitary cells: an immunohistochemical study. Colakoglu, N; Kelestimur, H; Kukne, A; Kus, I; Ozen, OA; Sarsilmaz, M; Yilmaz, B, 2004)	1.32
"Melatonin has previously been shown to be neuroprotective in rodent models of ischemic stroke. "	( Prophylactic use of melatonin protects against focal cerebral ischemia in mice: role of endothelin converting enzyme-1. Bassetti, CL; Hermann, DM; Kilic, E; Kilic, U; Reiter, RJ, 2004)	2.09
"Melatonin (MEL) has an antioxidant effect and has free-radical scavenger properties."	( Protective role of melatonin in ochratoxin a toxicity in rat heart and lung. Aydin, G; Okutan, H; Ozcelik, N, )	1.18
"Melatonin has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, antiexcitotoxic, and free radical-scavenging properties in various animal models. "	( Effects of add-on melatonin administration on antioxidant enzymes in children with epilepsy taking carbamazepine monotherapy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Agarwal, S; Aneja, S; Gupta, M; Gupta, YK; Kalaivani, M; Kohli, K, 2004)	2.1
"Melatonin has recently been suggested as an antioxidant that may protect neurons from oxidative stress. "	( Effects of melatonin on oxidative stress and spatial memory impairment induced by acute ethanol treatment in rats. Açikgöz, O; Aksu, I; Gönenç, S; Güleçer, B; Kayatekin, BM; Kiray, M; Semin, I; Sönmez, A; Topçu, A; Uysal, N, 2005)	2.16
"Melatonin receptors have been detected in the stomach, intestine and pancreas."	( Modulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion by melatonin and its precursor; L-tryptophan. Role of CCK and afferent nerves. Dembiński, A; Jaworek, J; Konturek, SJ; Leja-Szpak, A; Mitis-Musioł, M; Nawrot-Porabka, K; Palonek, M; Pawlik, WW, 2004)	1.3
"Melatonin has been considered as an antioxidant that prevents injuries resulted from I/R in various tissues."	( Protective effect of melatonin on contractile activity and oxidative injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion of rat ileum. Aktas, RG; Altaner, S; Arslan, SO; Ozacmak, VH; Sayan, H, 2005)	1.37
"Melatonin has attained increasing prominence as a candidate for ameliorating these changes occurring during senescence."	( Retardation of brain aging by chronic treatment with melatonin. Bondy, SC; Campbell, A; Lahiri, DK; Perreau, VM; Sharman, EH; Sharman, KZ; Zhou, J, 2004)	1.29
"Melatonin has been described as a proinflammatory and antioxidant agent."	( Dual effect of melatonin as proinflammatory and antioxidant in collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Fernández-Santos, JM; Guerrero, JM; Jiménez-Caliani, AJ; Jiménez-Jorge, S; Martín-Lacave, I; Molinero, P; Osuna, C, 2005)	1.4
"Melatonin has been reported to be involved in the feedback between neuroendocrine and immune functions and to exert oncostatic actions. "	( Effect of the preventive-therapeutic administration of melatonin on mammary tumour-bearing animals. Barriga, C; Garcia, JJ; Ortega, E; Rodríguez, AB; Saez, MC, 2005)	2.02
"Melatonin has been proposed as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease based on the demonstration of antioxidant and "anti-amyloid" effects in vitro and in vivo. "	( Chronic melatonin therapy fails to alter amyloid burden or oxidative damage in old Tg2576 mice: implications for clinical trials. Jones, R; Kulhanek, D; Nowlin, J; Praticò, D; Quinn, J; Rokach, J; Stackman, R, 2005)	2.21
"Melatonin has been shown to bind to the MT1 G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells to modulate the estrogen response pathway suppressing estrogen-induced estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) transcriptional activity, blunting ER/DNA binding activity and suppressing cell proliferation. "	( Differential regulation of estrogen receptor alpha, glucocorticoid receptor and retinoic acid receptor alpha transcriptional activity by melatonin is mediated via different G proteins. Burow, ME; Dong, C; Hill, SM; Kiefer, TL; Lai, L; Yuan, L, 2005)	1.97
"Melatonin has been reported to possess strong antioxidant actions, and is able to directly scavenge a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS). "	( Melatonin attenuates amyloid beta25-35-induced apoptosis in mouse microglial BV2 cells. Jang, MH; Jung, SB; Kang, I; Kim, CJ; Kim, EH; Kim, J; Lee, MH; Oh, YT, )	3.02
"Melatonin (Mel) has been successfully used as a potent antioxidant against many pathophysiological states."	( Protective role of melatonin in cyclosporine A-induced oxidative stress in rat liver. Bianchi, R; Buffoli, B; Rezzani, R; Rodella, L; Stacchiotti, A, 2005)	1.38
"Such melatonin disruption has been shown in animals, especially with exposure to electric and/or rapid on/off magnetic fields."	( Do magnetic fields cause increased risk of childhood leukemia via melatonin disruption? Henshaw, DL; Reiter, RJ, 2005)	1.02
"Melatonin clearly has the ability to induce sleepiness and lower core body temperature during "biological day" and to change the timing of human rhythms when treatment is appropriately timed."	( Melatonin: characteristics, concerns, and prospects. Arendt, J, 2005)	2.49
"Melatonin has also been shown to improve survival and performance status in patients with advanced cancer."	( The therapeutic application of melatonin in supportive care and palliative medicine. Mahmoud, F; Mazurczak, MA; Sarhill, N, )	1.14
"Melatonin has been shown to diminish ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in many tissues. "	( Melatonin protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle. Ercan, F; Erkanli, G; Erkanli, K; Kayalar, N; Kirali, K; Sener, G, 2005)	3.21
"Melatonin has been reported to have anti- as well as pro-inflammatory properties. "	( The in vivo effect of melatonin on cellular activation processes in human blood during strenuous physical exercise. Johe, PD; Østerud, B, 2005)	2.09
"Melatonin has reversed the inhibition of contractility caused by I/R injury in part."	( L-Arginine and melatonin interaction in rat intestinal ischemia--reperfusion. Arslan, SO; Gelir, E; Ozacmak, VH; Sayan, H, 2005)	1.4
"Melatonin has been shown to be effective in arresting neurodegenerative phenomena seen in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsonism and ischemic stroke."	( Role of melatonin in neurodegenerative diseases. Cardinali, DP; Esquifino, AI; Hardeland, R; Maestroni, GJ; Pandi-Perumal, SR; Srinivasan, V, 2005)	1.48
"As melatonin has remarkable properties as a cytokine modulator, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic agent, the present study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effect of melatonin against LPS-induced septic shock in Swiss mice."	( Beneficial pleiotropic actions of melatonin in an experimental model of septic shock in mice: regulation of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine network, protection against oxidative damage and anti-apoptotic effects. Calvo, JR; Carrillo-Vico, A; Fernández-Santos, JM; Guerrero, JM; Lardone, PJ; Martín-Lacave, I; Naji, L, 2005)	1.12
"Melatonin has been shown to protect against oxidative stress in various, highly divergent experimental systems. "	( Antioxidative protection by melatonin: multiplicity of mechanisms from radical detoxification to radical avoidance. Hardeland, R, 2005)	2.07
"Melatonin has been experimentally implicated in skin functions such as hair growth cycling, fur pigmentation, and melanoma control, and melatonin receptors are expressed in several skin cells including normal and malignant keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts. "	( On the role of melatonin in skin physiology and pathology. Fischer, TW; Semak, I; Slominski, A; Slominski, RM; Tobin, DJ; Wortsman, J; Zbytek, B; Zmijewski, MA, 2005)	2.12
"Melatonin has profound gerontoprotective and antioxidant activities."	( Melatonin, aging, and age-related diseases: perspectives for prevention, intervention, and therapy. Poeggeler, B, 2005)	2.49
"Melatonin has been known to regulate body weight on various species including rodents."	( Melatonin enhances NADPH-diaphorase activities in the hypothalamus of maternally-separated rats. Chang, UJ; Chung, JH; Kim, HK; Kim, JW; Kim, MJ; Kim, YO; Oh, DJ, 2006)	2.5
"Melatonin has direct and indirect free radical-detoxifying activity."	( Preventive effect of melatonin on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rats. Erdogan, H; Fadillioglu, E; Iraz, M; Kotuk, M; Kuku, I; Yagmurca, M; Yildirim, Z, 2006)	1.37
"Melatonin has been used to treat experimental pancreatitis, although not all the drug's therapeutic mechanisms of melatonin have been defined. "	( Melatonin reduces pancreatic prostaglandins production and protects against caerulein-induced pancreatitis in rats. Chen, HM; Chen, JC; Chen, MF; Chiu, DF; Ng, CJ, 2006)	3.22
"Melatonin has been reported to reduce cytokine production and, in dialysis patients, to prevent oxidative stress resulting from iron and erythropoietin treatment."	( Melatonin corrects reticuloendothelial blockade and iron status in haemodialysed patients. Arias, C; Labonia, W; Rubio, D, 2005)	2.49
"Melatonin has been shown to prevent the progressive degeneration produced by neurotoxins employed in experimental models to mimic the degenerative events in various neuropsychiatric disease states."	( The role of ML-23 and other melatonin analogues in the treatment and management of Parkinson's disease. Willis, GL, 2005)	1.34
"Also melatonin has been shown to protect against free radical-induced neuronal destruction."	( Effects of different antioxidants on lipid peroxidation in brain homogenates, induced by L-thyroxine administration in rats. Lewinski, A; Sewerynek, E; Wiktorska, JA, 2005)	0.78
"Melatonin has been shown to have the capacity to control eye pigmentation and thereby regulate the amount of light reaching the photoreceptors, to scavenge hydroxyradicals and to protect retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells from oxidative damage."	( Effects of melatonin in age-related macular degeneration. Guo, M; Pan, X; Pierpaoli, W; Yan, H; Yi, C, 2005)	1.44
"Melatonin also has strong antioxidant properties (stronger than those of vitamin E), and an oncostatic action."	( [Melatonin: what for?]. Touitou, Y, 2005)	1.96
"Melatonin has an ameliorating effect on oxidative stress-induced renal tubular damage via its anti-oxidant properties."	( Melatonin reduces urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, albumin and renal oxidative markers in diabetic rats. Dündar, B; Oktem, F; Ozguner, F; Uz, E; Yilmaz, HR, )	2.3
"Melatonin has a variety of functions in human physiology and is involved in a number of pathological events including neoplastic processes. "	( Melatonin cytotoxicity in human leukemia cells: relation with its pro-oxidant effect. Buck, S; Büyükavci, M; Ozdemir, O; Ravindranath, Y; Savaşan, S; Stout, M, 2006)	3.22
"Melatonin has been shown to effectively protect against ischemic-reperfusion myocardial damage."	( Protective effect of melatonin against mitochondrial dysfunction associated with cardiac ischemia- reperfusion: role of cardiolipin. Casanova, G; Colantuono, G; Di Venosa, N; Federici, A; Paradies, G; Petrosillo, G; Pistolese, M; Ruggiero, FM; Tiravanti, E, 2006)	1.37
"Melatonin has been shown to be useful in the prevention of the damage by ischemia-reperfusion in liver, brain, myocardium, gut and kidney."	( Melatonin reduces apoptosis and necrosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury of the pancreas. Briceño, J; Collado, JA; Cruz, A; Montilla, P; Muñoz-Casares, FC; Muñoz-Castañeda, JR; Muntané, J; Ortega, R; Padillo, FJ; Pera, C; Túnez, I, 2006)	2.5
"Melatonin has marked antioxidant properties. "	( Therapeutic value of melatonin in an experimental model of liver injury and regeneration. Andreadou, I; Kostopanagiotou, G; Markantonis-Kyroudis, S; Papalabros, E; Sigala, F; Sigalas, K; Theocharis, S; Triantafyllou, A, 2006)	2.1
"Melatonin levels have been found to be decreased in both migraine and cluster headaches."	( Potential therapeutic use of melatonin in migraine and other headache disorders. Cavalheiro, EA; Masruha, MR; Moreira-Filho, CA; Peres, MF; Zukerman, E, 2006)	1.35
"Melatonin has several known physiological functions, the main one being synchronization of daily and seasonal rhythms. "	( Melatonin effects on food intake and activity rhythms in two fish species with different activity patterns: Diurnal (goldfish) and nocturnal (tench). López-Olmeda, JF; Madrid, JA; Sánchez-Vázquez, FJ, 2006)	3.22
"Melatonin has been shown to be produced by nonpineal cells and possess anti-inflammatory actions in animal models. "	( Melatonin suppresses macrophage cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by inhibiting p52 acetylation and binding. Deng, WG; Tang, ST; Tseng, HP; Wu, KK, 2006)	3.22
"Melatonin excretion has been considered a physiological index for noradrenergic function, which in some studies were found to be altered than depressed patients."	( Melatonin levels in drug-free patients with major depression from the southern hemisphere. Carvalho, LA; Gorenstein, C; Markus, RP; Moreno, RA, 2006)	2.5
"Melatonin has inhibited mutagenesis and clastogenic effect of a number of indirect chemical mutagens."	( Melatonin as antioxidant, geroprotector and anticarcinogen. Anisimov, SV; Anisimov, VN; Popovich, IG; Vesnushkin, GM; Vinogradova, IA; Zabezhinski, MA, )	2.3
"Melatonin has been considered as a hormone with potent immunomodulating, anxiolitic and antioxidative properties. "	( [Biochemical and clinical aspects of melatonin biosynthesis induced by noradrenalin in experiment]. Kolbaia, DT; Petriashvili, TG; Simoniia, GV; Tavartkiladze, AG, 2006)	2.05
"Melatonin has been reported to reduce preoperative anxiety. "	( Melatonin does not reduce anxiety more than placebo in the elderly undergoing surgery. Alvisi, R; Bianchi, S; Buccoliero, C; Capuzzo, M; Gragnaniello, D; Schiffino, E; Zanardi, B, 2006)	3.22
"Melatonin has also been extracted from the seeds and leaves of a number of plants and its concentration in some of this material is several orders of magnitude higher than its night-time plasma value in humans."	( Melatonin: Nature's most versatile biological signal? Cardinali, DP; Hardeland, R; Maestroni, GJ; Pandi-Perumal, SR; Poeggeler, B; Srinivasan, V, 2006)	2.5
"Melatonin has been shown to have oncostatic effects on malignant melanoma in vitro and in vivo. "	( Oncostatic effects of the indole melatonin and expression of its cytosolic and nuclear receptors in cultured human melanoma cell lines. Fischer, TW; Slominski, A; Slominski, RM; Sweatman, TW; Wortsman, J; Zbytek, B; Zmijewski, MA, 2006)	2.06
"Melatonin has a number of physiological functions in addition to light-dark transduction. "	( Effects of melatonin administration on oxidative stress and daily locomotor activity patterns in goldfish. Bayarri, MJ; López-Olmeda, JF; Madrid, JA; Rol de Lama, MA; Sánchez-Vázquez, FJ, 2006)	2.17
"Melatonin receptors have been shown in the spinal cord of chickens, but their functions are still unknown."	( Changes in melatonin receptors in relation to the development of scoliosis in pinealectomized chickens. Cheung, KM; Leong, JC; Lu, DS; Poon, AM, 2006)	1.45
"Melatonin has well documented protective effects against the symptoms of severe sepsis/shock in both animals and in humans; its use for this condition significantly improves survival."	( Pharmacological utility of melatonin in the treatment of septic shock: experimental and clinical evidence. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Escames, G; León, J; López, LC; Maldonado, MD; Reiter, RJ; Sánchez-Hidalgo, M; Tan, DX, 2006)	1.35
"Melatonin has known inhibitory activities on gastric acid secretion and nitric oxide biosynthesis."	( Regression of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms using dietary supplementation with melatonin, vitamins and aminoacids: comparison with omeprazole. Pereira, Rde S, 2006)	1.28
"Melatonin has been shown to inhibit long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal slices of rats. "	( Melatonin administration impairs visuo-spatial performance and inhibits neocortical long-term potentiation in rats. Burgos, H; Fernández, V; Flores, F; Hernández, A; Hernández, P; Pérez, H; Sierralta, W; Soto-Moyano, R; Valladares, L, 2006)	3.22
"Melatonin has some effects upon morphological features of various structures in small animals and human being. "	( Effect of pinealectomy on the morphology of the chick cervical spinal cord: a stereological and histopathological study. Aslan, H; Kaplan, S; Turgut, M; Turkkani Tunc, A; Yazici, AC, 2007)	1.78
"Melatonin also has protective actions against tissue damage from free-radicals and other toxins."	( Evidence supporting the use of melatonin in short gestation infants. Bax, M; Freeman, RD; Jan, JE; Wasdell, MB, 2007)	1.35
"Melatonin has potential utility both in slowing normal brain aging and in treatment of neurodegenerative conditions."	( Melatonin and the aging brain. Bondy, SC; Sharman, EH, 2007)	2.5
"Melatonin has been found to be readily transferred from the maternal to the fetal circulation."	( Seasonal variations of gonadotropins and prolactin in the laboratory rat. Role of maternal pineal gland. Díaz, B; Díaz, E; Esquifino, A; Fernández, C; Jiménez, V; Vázquez, N, 2007)	1.06
"Melatonin has been shown to improve sleep in several conditions."	( Effect of exogenous melatonin on sleep and motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Carvalhedo de Bruin, PF; de Bruin, VM; de Lourdes Seabra, M; Lopes, LA; Magalhães, MC; Medeiros, CA, 2007)	1.38
"Melatonin has been shown to correct the underlying circadian rhythm abnormality as well as improve sleep and reduce daytime napping."	( Circadian rhythm sleep disorders in the blind and their treatment with melatonin. Arendt, J; Skene, DJ, 2007)	1.29
"Melatonin has not been used in adult patients with acute oxidative stress."	( [Melatonin against surgical stress]. Gögenur, I; Kücükakin, B; Rosenberg, J, 2007)	1.97
"Melatonin has a role in blood pressure regulation."	( Melatonin as a potential antihypertensive treatment. Paulis, L; Simko, F, 2007)	2.5
"Melatonin has different interactions with opioids including the enhancement of the analgesic effects of morphine and also reversal of tolerance and dependence to morphine. "	( Melatonin enhances the rewarding properties of morphine: involvement of the nitric oxidergic pathway. Dehpour, AR; Ghahremani, MH; Tahsili-Fahadan, P; Yahyavi-Firouz-Abadi, N, 2007)	3.23
"Melatonin has powerful antioxidant effects, functions in an immunomodulatory role, may protect against certain cancers, delays some age-related processes, stimulates the synthesis of type I collagen fibers, and promotes bone formation."	( Melatonin: potential functions in the oral cavity. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Arana, C; Cutando, A; Gómez-Moreno, G; Reiter, RJ, 2007)	2.5
"Melatonin has different interactions with opioids including enhancing their analgesic effect and reversal of opioid tolerance and dependence. "	( Melatonin enhances the anticonvulsant and proconvulsant effects of morphine in mice: role for nitric oxide signaling pathway. Dehpour, AR; Ghahremani, MH; Riazi, K; Tahsili-Fahadan, P; Yahyavi-Firouz-Abadi, N, 2007)	3.23
"Melatonin has numerous physiological effects for which the mechanisms of action and the specific role of the MT1 and MT2 receptors have not yet been clearly elucidated."	( [Sites and mechanisms of action of melatonin in mammals: the MT1 and MT2 receptors]. Schuster, C, 2007)	1.34
"Melatonin has multiple roles including neuroprotection. "	( Neural stem cell transplantation and melatonin treatment in a 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease. McMillan, CR; Niles, LP; Sharma, R, 2007)	2.06
"Melatonin has antioxidant activity and prevents experimental genotoxicity."	( Beneficial properties of melatonin in an experimental model of pancreatic cancer. Cruz, A; González, R; Montilla, P; Muñoz-Villanueva, MC; Muntané, J; Padillo, FJ; Perea, MD; Romero, A; Ruiz-Rabelo, JF; Túnez, I; Vázquez, R, 2007)	1.36
"Melatonin has been used to promote in vitro embryo development in different species. "	( Melatonin increases cleavage rate of porcine preimplantation embryos in vitro. Kaya, A; Kim, IJ; Memili, E; Rodriguez-Osorio, N; Wang, H, 2007)	3.23
"Melatonin has been shown to affect the human hippocampus and to induce 'sleep like' changes in brain activation."	( Nap and melatonin-induced changes in hippocampal activation and their role in verbal memory consolidation. Gorfine, T; Yeshurun, Y; Zisapel, N, 2007)	1.5
"Melatonin (MT) has profound neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects."	( Melatonin regulates the viability and differentiation of rat midbrain neural stem cells. Cai, Z; Kong, X; Li, X; Liu, Y; Pan, L; Shu, J; Yang, N; Zuo, P, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin has sedative, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antioxidative, and chronobiotic effects. "	( The clinical impact of preoperative melatonin on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Auzani, JA; Caumo, W; Hidalgo, MP; Londero, G; Monteiro, CA; Moreira, NL; Ribeiro, DF; Torres, F, 2007)	2.06
"Melatonin has several oncostatic properties, including possible anti-estrogenic and anti-aromatase activity, and seems to be linked with fat metabolism. "	( Night shift work and the risk of endometrial cancer. Hankinson, SE; Schernhammer, ES; Viswanathan, AN, 2007)	1.78
"Melatonin has been successfully used to treat insomnia in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or autism, as well as in other neurodevelopmental disorders in which sleep disturbance is commonly reported."	( Role of the melatonin system in the control of sleep: therapeutic implications. Cardinali, DP; Pandi-Perumal, SR; Spence, DW; Srinivasan, V, 2007)	1.44
"Melatonin binding sites have been demonstrated in the central nervous system (mainly in the pars dystalis of the pituitary and hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus) as well as in the reproductive organs, e.g., human granulosa cells, prostate and spermatozoa."	( [The influence of melatonin on human reproduction]. Boczek-Leszczyk, E; Juszczak, M, 2007)	1.39
"Melatonin has been shown to possess potent antioxidant properties in several models of inflammation in mice and rats."	( Melatonin reverses lipopolysaccharide-induced gastro-intestinal motility disturbances through the inhibition of oxidative stress. Arnold, GH; De Filippis, D; De Man Joris, G; De Winter Benedicte, Y; Esposito, G; Iuvone, T; Paul, AP; Steardo, L, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin has been demonstrated to attenuate organ damage in models of ischemia and reperfusion. "	( Melatonin receptors mediate improvements of liver function but not of hepatic perfusion and integrity after hemorrhagic shock in rats. Bauer, I; Bentley, A; Kubulus, D; Mathes, AM; Rensing, H; Waibel, L; Weiler, J; Wolf, B, 2008)	3.23
"Melatonin has both receptor-dependent and receptor-independent effects that protect against oxidative stress and can attenuate ultraviolet radiation-induced damage."	( Melatonin in the skin: synthesis, metabolism and functions. Paus, R; Slominski, A; Tobin, DJ; Wortsman, J; Zmijewski, MA, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin receptors have been detected on pancreatic beta cells and this indoloamine influences the endocrine pancreatic function but the role of melatonin on pancreatic exocrine secretion is not known."	( Involvement of vagal nerves in the pancreatostimulatory effects of luminal melatonin, or its precursor L-tryptophan. Study in the rats. Jaworek, J; Konturek, SJ; Kot, M; Leja-Szpak, A; Mitis-Musioł, M; Nawrot-Porabka, K; Pawlik, WW; Szklarczyk, J, 2007)	1.29
"Melatonin also has remarkable antioxidant, cytoprotective and antiapoptotic properties."	( [Melatonin. Physiology and clinical applications]. Cardinali, DP, )	1.76
"Melatonin has a protective effect on bacterial translocation and apoptosis."	( Melatonin reduces bacterial translocation and apoptosis in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis of rats. Akcan, A; Akgun, H; Akyildiz, H; Aritas, Y; Esel, D; Kucuk, C; Muhtaroglu, S; Sozuer, E, 2008)	3.23
"Melatonin has been proposed to regulate the immune system by affecting cytokine production in immunocompetent cells, enhancing the production of several T helper (Th)1 cytokines."	( Melatonin enhances pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and protects against Chagas disease. AlonsoToldo, MP; Caetano, LC; do Prado, JC; Frare, EO; Santello, FH, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin has previously been suggested to affect hemostatic function but studies on the issue are scant. "	( Oral melatonin reduces blood coagulation activity: a placebo-controlled study in healthy young men. Bärtschi, C; Ehlert, U; Spillmann, M; von Känel, R; Wirtz, PH, 2008)	2.3
"Melatonin receptors have been identified in many ocular tissues, including the neural retina, retinal pigment epithelium, ciliary body, cornea, sclera, and lens."	( Circadian rhythms in the eye: the physiological significance of melatonin receptors in ocular tissues. Summers, JA; Wiechmann, AF, 2008)	1.31
"Melatonin has oncostatic effects on several types of cancer (breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers), while it can be self-defeating in others, such as lymphoma."	( Effects of exogenous melatonin and circadian synchronization on tumor progression in melanoma-bearing C57BL6 mice. Alvarez, N; Madrid, JA; Otálora, BB; Rol, MA; Vicente, V, 2008)	1.39
"Melatonin (CAS 73-31-4) has both hypnotic and sleep/wake rhythm regulating properties. "	( Melatonergic drugs in clinical practice. Cardinali, DP; Hardeland, R; Pandi-Perumal, SR; Poeggeler, B; Srinivasan, V; Trakht, I, 2008)	1.79
"Melatonin has been suggested to affect human emotion, but conflicting evidence exists. "	( Melatonin reduces arousal and startle responsiveness without influencing startle habituation or affective startle modulation in young women. Blumenthal, TD; Kräuchi, K; Richter, S; Savaskan, E; Schachinger, H; Wirz-Justice, A, 2008)	3.23
"Melatonin has been proposed as the pineal hormone; its timed administration replicate the effect of daylength on seasonal breeding in several mammals, including long-day, like the hamster, and short-day breeders, like the sheep."	( Pineal and melatonin actions in reproductive endocrinology. Cardinali, DP, 1984)	1.38
"Melatonin has been shown to decrease the concentration of several second messengers in neonatal pituitary, but it is not known which of them transduces the melatonin effect on LH release."	( Cellular mechanism of melatonin action in neonatal rat pituitary. Vanecek, J, 1995)	1.33
"Melatonin has been found to inhibit or enhance the constitutive secretion of proteins from the cultured melanoma cells at nanomolar concentrations (0.5-10 nM), in a dose dependent manner. "	( Facilitation and inhibition of G-protein regulated protein secretion by melatonin. Bubis, M; Zisapel, N, 1995)	1.97
"Melatonin has both a soporific effect and an ability to entrain the sleep-wake rhythm."	( Light, melatonin and the sleep-wake cycle. Brown, GM, 1994)	1.47
"Melatonin has been shown to have a direct inhibitory effect on the proliferation of estrogen-responsive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, involving an interaction with estradiol. "	( Interaction between melatonin and estradiol on morphological and morphometric features of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Cos, S; Crespo, D; Fernández-Viadero, C; Ovejero, V; Verduga, R, 1994)	2.05
"Melatonin has been shown to have direct oncostatic actions on estrogen-responsive, MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in culture. "	( Melatonin modulates growth factor activity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Blask, DE; Cos, S, 1994)	3.17
"Melatonin binding sites have been shown to be linked to signal transduction mechanisms in other species."	( Pharmacologic characterization of melatonin-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in pigeon brain. Eison, AS; Mullins, UL, 1994)	1.29
"The melatonin rhythm has an acrophase of about -30 degrees."	( Influence of lithium salts on chick pineal gland melatonin secretion. Agapito, MT; Pablos, MI; Recio, JM; Santaolaya, MJ, 1994)	1.02
"Melatonin, in turn, has a protective effect on breast cancer in experimental animals."	( Breast cancer and electric power. Stevens, RG, 1993)	1.01
"Melatonin has many functions in the organism and any perturbation (not only electromagnetic fields) which causes levels of melatonin to be lower than normal may have significant physiological consequences."	( Electromagnetic fields and melatonin production. Reiter, RJ, 1993)	1.3
"Melatonin has direct gastrointestinal functions: it decreased serotonin-induced gut concentration, alleviated serotonin-induced reduction in gastric glandular mucosal blood flow, diminished epithelial sodium absorption, and inhibited the proliferation of jejunal epithelium."	( Melatonin and its receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. Lee, PP; Pang, SF, )	2.3
"As melatonin has wide-spread integrative and regenerative effects, its lack may lead to disturbances normally associated with aging."	( The role of melatonin and serotonin in aging: update. Grad, BR; Rozencwaig, R, 1993)	1.18
"Melatonin has minor, if any, effect on TSH secretion whereas the effect on LH may depend on individual sensitivity."	( Evening administration of melatonin enhances the pulsatile secretion of prolactin but not of LH and TSH in normally cycling women. Angeli, A; Cassoni, P; Guidetti, D; Massobrio, M; Paccotti, P; Piovesan, A; Revelli, A; Terzolo, M, 1993)	1.31
"Melatonin research has primarily utilized blood as the source of samples, but there is now increasing interest in measuring levels of the hormone found in saliva. "	( Dithiothreitol treatment permits measurement of melatonin in otherwise unusable saliva samples. Clemons, AA; Geffen, JF; Harker, CT; Otto, JM; Pratt, KL, 1996)	1.99
"Melatonin has been proposed to exert some regulatory actions within the pineal gland itself. "	( Evidence for a regulatory role of melatonin on serotonin release and uptake in the pineal gland. Míguez, JM; Pévet, P; Simonneaux, V, 1995)	2.01
"Melatonin has immunoenhancing properties and it is able to counteract the immunodepression induced by acute stress, drug treatment (i.e., anticancer drugs), and viral infections."	( The clinical neuroimmunotherapeutic role of melatonin in oncology. Conti, A; Maestroni, GJ, 1995)	1.27
"Melatonin has also been assessed in circadian rhythm disorders with disturbed sleep (blindness and delayed sleep phase insomnia)."	( Use of melatonin in circadian rhythm disorders and following phase shifts. Arendt, J; Deacon, S; Skene, DJ, 1996)	1.47
"Melatonin receptors have been shown to belong to this class of receptors through their sensitivity to modulators of G-protein function."	( Differential regulation of melatonin receptors in sheep, chicken and lizard brains by cholera and pertussis toxins and guanine nucleotides. Barrett, P; Davidson, G; Hannah, L; Lawson, W; MacLean, A; Morgan, PJ; Williams, LM, 1996)	1.31
"Melatonin has also a modulatory effect on the response of target cells to different hormones and high concentrations or prolonged exposure to the indoleamine may cause autodesensitization in various tissues."	( Comparative aspects of the pineal/melatonin system of poikilothermic vertebrates. Castrucci, AM; Filadelfi, AM, 1996)	1.29
"Melatonin has been reported to be a potent free radical scavenger, but the mechanism by which it protects membranes from lipid peroxidation is poorly understood. "	( Free radical scavenging effects of melatonin and serotonin: possible mechanism. Daniels, WM; Taljaard, JJ; van der Walt, BJ; van Rensburg, SJ; van Zyl, JM, 1996)	2.01
"Melatonin has been shown to regulate gene transcription through RZR/ROR nuclear receptors in mammalian cells. "	( CGP 52608-induced cyst formation in dinoflagellates: possible involvement of a nuclear receptor for melatonin. Tslm, ST; Wong, JT; Wong, YH, 1996)	1.95
"Melatonin levels have been measured in different physiopathological conditions, but the effects induced by melatonin administration or withdrawal have been tested only recently."	( Melatonin in relation to physiology in adult humans. Cagnacci, A, 1996)	2.46
"Melatonin has clear acute and delayed effects on sleep and circadian rhythms. "	( Treatment of circadian rhythm disorders--melatonin. Arendt, J; Deacon, S, 1997)	2.01
"Melatonin binding sites have been identified in the brain of many species and in pigmented tumour cell lines; however, the dermal melanophores of the frog Xenopus Laevis possess the highest known density of melatonin binding sites."	( Melatonin agonists induce phosphoinositide hydrolysis in Xenopus laevis melanophores. Eison, AS; Fernandes, PB; Mullins, UL, 1997)	2.46
"Melatonin has direct inhibitory effects on both hypothalamic and pituitary functions, which are also exquisitely sensitive to the feedback effects of estradiol."	( Effects of melatonin on estrogen receptor expression in the forebrain of outbred (Lak.LVG) golden hamsters. Harlan, RE; Hill, SM; Lawson, NO; Spriggs, LL, 1996)	1.41
"Melatonin has antiproliferative and antioxidant effects on cells in vivo and in vitro. "	( Effects of melatonin on proliferation, oxidative stress and Cx32 gap junction protein expression in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Kojima, T; Mitaka, T; Mochizuki, C; Mochizuki, Y, 1997)	2.13
"Melatonin has appeared to be a reliable marker of the pacemaker activity, which is influenced by the light/dark cycle."	( A microdialysis study on pineal melatonin rhythms in rats after an 8-h phase advance: new characteristics of the underlying pacemaker. Brons, HF; Drijfhout, WJ; Grol, CJ; Hagan, RM; Oakley, N; Westerink, BH, 1997)	1.3
"Melatonin has no direct inotropic effect in isolated rat papillary muscle but counteracts isoproterenol but not [Ca2+] effects."	( Effects of melatonin in isolated rat papillary muscle. Abete, P; Bianco, S; Cacciatore, F; Calabrese, C; Ferrara, N; Napoli, C; Rengo, F, 1997)	1.41
"Melatonin has previously been reported to influence cell differentiation and growth in a number of cell culture systems in vitro. "	( Melatonin suppression of PC12 cell growth and death. Agnello, K; Rabin, R; Roth, JA, 1997)	3.18
"Melatonin has been seen to prevent seizures in several animal models and to decrease epileptic manifestations in humans."	( Utility of high doses of melatonin as adjunctive anticonvulsant therapy in a child with severe myoclonic epilepsy: two years' experience. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Molina-Carballo, A; Molina-Font, JA; Moreno-Madrid, F; Muñoz-Hoyos, A; Reiter, RJ; Rufo-Campos, M; Sánchez-Forte, M, 1997)	1.32
"Melatonin has been proposed to act as an internal synchronizer of circadian rhythms generated at different levels of the organism."	( Melatonin, its receptors, and relationships with biological rhythm disorders. Delagrange, P; Guardiola-Lemaitre, B, 1997)	2.46
"Melatonin has chronobiotic properties in humans. "	( Efficacy of melatonin treatment in jet lag, shift work, and blindness. Arendt, J; Deacon, S; Lockley, SW; Middleton, B; Skene, DJ, 1997)	2.12
"Melatonin has been reported to have soporific effects; following daytime administration, it induces sleepiness and reduces sleep onset latency. "	( The acute soporific action of daytime melatonin administration: effects on the EEG during wakefulness and subjective alertness. Cajochen, C; Kräuchi, K; Wirz-Justice, A, 1997)	2.01
"1. Melatonin receptors have been located in the vasculature. "	( The vascular reactivity of melatonin. Monroe, KK; Watts, SW, 1998)	1.22
"Melatonin has been shown, in various rodent species, to mediate photoperiodic effects on body weight and, consequently, fat mass. "	( Characterization of a melatonin binding site in Siberian hamster brown adipose tissue. Ambid, L; Atgié, C; Casteilla, L; Delagrange, P; Guardiola-Lemaitre, B; Hanoun, N; Larrouy, D; Le Gouic, S; Pénicaud, L; Raimbault, S; Ricquier, D; Viguerie-Bascands, N, 1997)	2.05
"Melatonin has been shown to have hypnotic and hypothermic effects in young adults and has been proposed as treatment for insomnia. "	( Daytime melatonin administration in elderly good and poor sleepers: effects on core body temperature and sleep latency. Dawson, D; Kennaway, DJ; Lack, L; Lushington, K; Pollard, K, 1997)	2.17
"Melatonin has been shown to be useful in the treatment of subjective tinnitus. "	( Effect of melatonin on tinnitus. Olds, MJ; Rosenberg, SI; Rowan, PT; Silverstein, H, 1998)	2.15
"Melatonin has a diverse range of physiological effects in humans. "	( Integrating the actions of melatonin on human physiology. Dawson, D; van den Heuvel, CJ, 1998)	2.04
"Melatonin has not been proven safe by the usual clinical trial criteria, but to date no catastrophes have been related to its use."	( Use of melatonin for sleep and circadian rhythm disorders. Hughes, RJ; Lewy, AJ; Sack, RL, 1998)	1.48
"Melatonin has few immediate side-effects except drowsiness, but the effects of chronic administration are unclear."	( Guidelines for prescribing melatonin. Avery, D; Landis, C; Lenz, M, 1998)	1.32
"Melatonin has received much ill-formed publicity, it being claimed that it is a panacea and an 'antiageing' treatment."	( Disorders of the sleep-wake cycle in adults. Sedgwick, PM, 1998)	1.02
"Melatonin has recently been investigated as a biological response modifier in sepsis and hypovolemic shock. "	( Effect of melatonin on activated macrophage TNF, IL-6, and reactive oxygen intermediates. Bernstein, S; Prager, M; Williams, JG, 1998)	2.15
"Melatonin has also been reported to enhance the production of interleukin-6 from human monocytes."	( The photoperiod transducer melatonin and the immune-hematopoietic system. Maestroni, GJ, 1998)	1.32
"Melatonin has been proven as a powerful cytostatic drug in vitro as well as in vivo."	( Prospects of the clinical utilization of melatonin. Blask, DE; Brown, GM; Bubenik, GA; Maestroni, GJ; Pang, SF; Reiter, RJ; Viswanathan, M; Zisapel, N, )	1.12
"Melatonin has been suggested as a potent antioxidant that may protect against development of atherosclerosis and cancer; however, these effects are unproven and controversial. "	( Inhibition of LDL oxidation by melatonin requires supraphysiologic concentrations. Duell, PB; Nguyen, H; Shultz, A; Wheaton, DL, 1998)	2.03
"Melatonin has received considerable publicity for its sleep-promoting properties; however, there is little scientific evidence of its efficacy. "	( Randomized clinical trial of melatonin after night-shift work: efficacy and neuropsychologic effects. Haynes, ML; Lawrence, LM; Schlack, HM; Welch, LW; Wrenn, KD; Wright, SW, 1998)	2.03
"Melatonin has been suggested as a physiological antagonist of calmodulin. "	( Membrane-bound calmodulin in Xenopus laevis oocytes as a novel binding site for melatonin. García-Pergañeda, A; Guerrero, JM; Osuna, C; Romero, MP, 1998)	1.97
"Melatonin has been widely reported to be an effective antioxidant. "	( On the antioxidant activity of melatonin. Antunes, F; Barclay, LR; Ingold, KU; King, M; Norris, JQ; Scaiano, JC; Xi, F, 1999)	2.03
"Melatonin has been detected in the digestive tract of several species and appears to be synthesized by the enterochromaffin cells of the gut. "	( Melatonin and the gastrointestinal tract. Azpiroz, F; Malagelada, JR; Martin, MT, )	3.02
"Melatonin has an immunostimulative function and an antiapoptotic effect."	( [Melatonin in palate tonsils with recurrent acute tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy]. Ceballo Pedraja, JM; Delgado Moreno, F; Guerrero, JM; López González, MA, )	1.76
"Melatonin has been shown to protect against the neuronal programmed cell death induced by 6-OHDA, although it was not able to prevent the massive necrotic cellular death occurring after the addition of high doses of the neurotoxin."	( Ultrastructural confirmation of neuronal protection by melatonin against the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine cell damage. Antolín, I; Mayo, JC; Rodriguez, C; Sainz, RM, 1999)	1.27
"Melatonin has been administered to NPL subjects with FR circadian rhythms and compared with placebo (or the no-treatment baseline) sleep parameters improved."	( Melatonin in circadian sleep disorders in the blind. Arendt, J; Lockley, SW; Skene, DJ, )	2.3
"Melatonin has been shown to markedly protect both membrane lipids and nuclear DNA from oxidative damage."	( The oxidant/antioxidant network: role of melatonin. Cabrera, J; D'Arpa, D; Mayo, JC; Ramos, S; Reiter, RJ; Sainz, RM; Tan, DX, )	1.12
"Melatonin has a strong circadian rhythm with high values during the night-time and low values in the afternoon."	( Afternoon serum-melatonin in sleep disordered breathing. Micic, S; Strøm, J; Ulfberg, J, 1998)	1.37
"Melatonin has anti-oxidant actions similar to daf-16, TGF-beta and SOD."	( GLUT-4, tumor necrosis factor, essential fatty acids and daf-genes and their role in insulin resistance and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Das, UN, 1999)	1.02
"Melatonin has also been shown to affect zinc turnover."	( Zinc accumulation in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats: effects of melatonin, a cardioprotective antioxidant. Hayakawa, M; Hayakawa, T; Ito, T; Kaneko, S; Kawakami, K; Matsui, H; Mokuno, S; Morishima, I; Numaguchi, Y; Okumura, K; Toki, Y, 1999)	1.25
"Oral melatonin (MLT) has been used by our Vancouver research group in the treatment of paediatric sleep disorders since 1991; slightly over 200 children, mainly with multiple disabilities, who frequently had seizures, have been treated. "	( Melatonin treatment of non-epileptic myoclonus in children. Connolly, MB; Freeman, RD; Hamilton, D; Jan, JE; Laudon, M, 1999)	2.26
"Melatonin has a mild sedative effect and has been used effectively in synchronizing the sleep-wake cycle of patients with sleep disorders."	( Melatonin: a chemical photoperiodic signal with clinical significance in humans. Lee, PP; Liu, ZM; Pang, CS; Pang, SF; Poon, AM; Shiu, SY, 1998)	2.46
"Melatonin has been used successfully to treat jet lag and some circadian-based sleep disorders."	( [Melatonin and its wide-spectrum effects: use of melatonin in the treatment of tumors]. Solár, P, 1999)	1.93
"Melatonin has several functions in terms of its antioxidative ability."	( Suppression of oxygen toxicity by melatonin. Qi, WB; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 1998)	1.3
"Melatonin has been implicated in several neurotropic effects, but few studies have investigated the bioavailability of melatonin in the brain. "	( High melatonin concentrations in third ventricular cerebrospinal fluid are not due to Galen vein blood recirculating through the choroid plexus. Malpaux, B; Skinner, DC, 1999)	2.26
"Melatonin has immuno-enhancing properties and exerts colony-stimulating activity (CSA) via T-helper cell-derived opioids. "	( Hematopoietic effect of melatonin involvement of type 1 kappa-opioid receptor on bone marrow macrophages and interleukin-1. Maestroni, GJ; Pedrinis, E; Zammaretti, F, 1999)	2.05
"Melatonin, which has a methoxy group in the 5-position and an acetyl side chain, exhibited the most potent scavenging activity among the compounds tested."	( Melatonin and its precursors scavenge nitric oxide. Liburdy, R; Mori, A; Noda, Y; Packer, L, 1999)	2.47
"Melatonin has been shown to be highly effective in reducing oxidative damage in the central nervous system; this efficacy derives from its ability to directly scavenge a number of free radicals and to function as an indirect antioxidant."	( Melatonin as a pharmacological agent against neuronal loss in experimental models of Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease and parkinsonism. Cabrera, J; Manchester, LC; Mayo, JC; Reiter, RJ; Sainz, RM; Tan, DX, 1999)	2.47
"Melatonin (MLT) has been proven to counteract chemotherapy toxicity, by acting as an anti-oxidant agent, and to promote apoptosis of cancer cells, so enhancing chemotherapy cytotoxicity. "	( Decreased toxicity and increased efficacy of cancer chemotherapy using the pineal hormone melatonin in metastatic solid tumour patients with poor clinical status. Ardizzoia, A; Barni, S; Lissoni, P; Longarini, R; Malugani, F; Mandalà, M; Paolorossi, F; Tancini, G; Vaghi, M, 1999)	1.97
"Melatonin treatment has also been evaluated in the circadian sleep disorders: delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) and non-24-hour sleep wake disorder."	( Use of melatonin in the treatment of phase shift and sleep disorders. Arendt, J; Lockley, SW; Skene, DJ, 1999)	1.48
"Melatonin has anti-oxidant actions similar to daf-16, TGF-beta and SOD."	( GLUT-4, tumour necrosis factor, essential fatty acids and daf-genes and their role in glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, and longevity. Das, UN, 1999)	1.02
"As melatonin has been found to play a role in the mechanisms of cardiovascular regulation, we designed the present study to evaluate whether the evening ingestion of the pineal hormone might interfere with the antihypertensive therapy in hypertensive patients well-controlled by nifedipine monotherapy."	( Cardiovascular effects of melatonin in hypertensive patients well controlled by nifedipine: a 24-hour study. Fogari, R; Lusardi, P; Piazza, E, 2000)	1.23
"Melatonin has been found to be effective in protecting against pathological states due to reactive oxygen species release."	( Protective effects of melatonin against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the isolated rat heart. Demenge, P; Godin-Ribuot, D; Joyeux, M; Lagneux, C; Ribuot, C, 2000)	1.34
"Melatonin has gained recent popularity as a treatment for insomnia and other sleep disorders; however, its cellular effects are unknown. "	( Melatonin induction of filamentous structures in non-neuronal cells that is dependent on expression of the human mt1 melatonin receptor. Bordt, SL; Carroll, EA; MacKenzie, RS; McKeon, RM; Melan, MA; Witt-Enderby, PA, 2000)	3.19
"Melatonin has been reported to scavenge hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), hydroxyl radical (HO(.)), nitric oxide (NO(.)), peroxynitrite anion (ONOO(-)), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)), superoxide anion (O(2)(-).) and peroxyl radical (LOO(.)), although the validity of its ability to scavenge O(2)(-)."	( Significance of melatonin in antioxidative defense system: reactions and products. Calvo, JR; Karbownik, M; Manchester, LC; Qi, WB; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, )	1.2
"Melatonin has for a long time been involved in the photoperiodic control of fish physiology (growth, reproduction) and behavior (locomotor activity); but its mechanisms of action are not understood. "	( Melatonin receptors in the pituitary of a teleost fish: mRNA expression, 2-[(125)I]iodomelatonin binding and cyclic AMP response. Falcón, J; Gaildrat, P, 2000)	3.19
"Melatonin has been recently shown by various in-vivo and in-vitro studies to exert potent neutralising effects on hydroxyl radicals, stimulate glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and protect catalase (CAT) from the destructive activity of hydroxyl radicals in neural tissue. "	( The effects of melatonin on the antioxidant systems in experimental spinal injury. Barcin, E; Cagli, S; Gulmen, V; Kanit, L; Kutay, FZ; Peker, GO; Sozmen, EY; Tanyalcin, T; Taskiran, D; Tekeli, G; Zileli, M, )	1.93
"Melatonin has been traditionally considered to be derived principally from the pineal gland. "	( Melatonin circadian rhythm in the retina of mammals. Tosini, G, 2000)	3.19
"Melatonin has been widely used as a protective agent against a wide variety of processes and agents that damage tissues via free radical mechanisms."	( Actions of melatonin in the reduction of oxidative stress. A review. Gitto, E; Osuna, C; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, )	1.24
"Melatonin has been identified in the leaves and flowers of plants but not in seeds."	( High levels of melatonin in the seeds of edible plants: possible function in germ tissue protection. Manchester, LC; Monis, K; Park, W; Qi, W; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2000)	1.38
"Melatonin has been found to exhibit youth-maintaining and disease-preventing properties. "	( An age-related decline in melatonin secretion is not altered by food restriction. Everitt, AV; MacGibbon, MF; Walls, RS, 2001)	2.05
"Melatonin has the potential to markedly delay the appearance of palpable mammary tumors."	( Effect of melatonin and linolenic acid on mammary cancer in transgenic mice with c-neu breast cancer oncogene. Herbert, RA; Ney, E; Rao, GN, 2000)	1.43
"Melatonin serum levels have been evaluated by ELISA technique at 12 p.m., 3 a.m."	( [The role of melatonin in the immediate postoperative period in elderly patients]. Barnabei, R; Cianca, G; Citone, G; Leardi, S; Necozione, S; Simi, M; Tavone, E, 2000)	1.4
"Melatonin has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory effects, among a number of actions."	( Melatonin and its relation to the immune system and inflammation. Calvo, JR; Karbownik, M; Qi, W; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2000)	2.47
"Melatonin has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects in several experimental and clinical situations involving neurotoxicity and/or excitotoxicity."	( Melatonin, mitochondria, and cellular bioenergetics. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Escames, G; Khaldy, H; León, J; Macías, M; Martín, M; Reiter, RJ, 2001)	2.47
"Melatonin receptors have been localized in the pars tuberalis, adrenal gland and gonads of birds, the pineal gland may, therefore, mediate environmental stimuli indirectly and directly to down regulate adrenal and gonadal activity, which run in parallel in this species."	( Seasonal changes in adrenal and gonadal activity in the quail, Perdicula asiatica: involvement of the pineal gland. Haldar, C; Senthilkumaran, B; Sudhakumari, CC, 2001)	1.03
"Melatonin has a functional connection with the immune system. "	( Circadian rhythm of melatonin, corticosterone and phagocytosis: effect of stress. Barriga, C; Martín, MI; Ortega, E; Rodríguez, AB; Tabla, R, 2001)	2.08
"Melatonin has recently garnered interest as a possible treatment for sleep disorders, and this has created a desire for appropriate pharmacokinetic studies. "	( Determination of exogenous melatonin and its 6-hydroxy metabolite in human plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Bertilsson, L; Bodin, K; Härtter, S; Morita, S; Tybring, G; Ursing, C, 2001)	2.05
"Melatonin has repeatedly been shown to inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. "	( Transcriptional repression of RORalpha activity in human breast cancer cells by melatonin. Dai, J; Hill, SM; Ram, PT; Spriggs, LL; Yuan, L, 2001)	1.98
"Melatonin treatment has been shown to induce sleepiness and promote sleep in humans. "	( Behavioral effects of melatonin treatment in non-human primates. Cantor, ML; Kartashov, AI; Leclair, OU; Wurtman, RJ; Zhdanova, IV, 1998)	2.06
"Melatonin has been shown to have radioprotection properties, but there has been little progress toward identifying the specific mechanisms of its action."	( Melatonin reduces X-ray irradiation-induced oxidative damages in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Kim, BC; Kim, SP; Lee, KS; Ryoo, YW; Shon, BS, 2001)	2.47
"Melatonin has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent on the basis of its ability to function as a free radical scavenger, provided that lipoperoxidation and other free radical damage induced by reactive oxygen species resulting from cerebral ischemia are relevant pathophysiologic processes of ischemic neuronal damage."	( Neuroprotective effect of melatonin on brain damage induced by acute global cerebral ischemia in cats. Cervantes, M; González-Burgos, I; Letechipía-Vallejo, G, )	1.87
"Melatonin also has free radical-scavenging properties that have primarily been observed in vitro at pharmacological concentrations."	( Human aging and melatonin. Clinical relevance. Touitou, Y, 2001)	1.38
"Melatonin has both anticachectic and lipid homeostatic actions in the white adipose tissue of inguinal fat pads."	( Melatonin inhibits fatty acid transport in inguinal fat pads of hepatoma 7288CTC-bearing and normal Buffalo rats via receptor-mediated signal transduction. Blask, DE; Dauchy, RT; Sauer, LA, 2001)	2.47
"Melatonin has recently been shown to have high antioxidative properties."	( Protective effect of melatonin against adriamycin toxicity in the rat. Agapito, MT; Antolín, Y; del Brio, MT; López-Burillo, S; Pablos, MI; Recio, JM, 2001)	1.35
"Melatonin has been shown to act as a radical scavenger in various chemical and biological model systems in vitro. "	( Reaction of melatonin with hemoglobin-derived oxoferryl radicals and inhibition of the hydroperoxide-induced hemoglobin denaturation in red blood cells. Allegra, M; Butera, D; D'Arpa, D; Livrea, MA; Tesoriere, L, 2001)	2.13
"Melatonin has a functional role in the nocturnal regulation of sleep and thermoregulation. "	( The effects of day-time exogenous melatonin administration on cardiac autonomic activity. Burgess, HJ; Dawson, D; Harris, AS, 2001)	2.03
"Melatonin has been reported to attenuate the oxidative damage caused by doxorubicin on kidney, brain, heart and bone marrow, whereas the in vivo antitumor effects of doxorubicin were not attenuated. "	( Effects of melatonin on doxorubicin cytotoxicity in sensitive and pleiotropically resistant tumor cells. Decorti, G; Giraldi, T; Granzotto, M; Rapozzi, V, 2001)	2.14
"Melatonin has been shown to have photo protection properties, but there has been little progress toward identifying the specific mechanisms of its action."	( The effects of the melatonin on ultraviolet-B irradiated cultured dermal fibroblasts. Kim, BC; Lee, KS; Mun, KC; Ryoo, YW; Suh, SI, 2001)	1.36
"Melatonin has been investigated as a possible copper ion chelator."	( The effect of copper on (3H)-tryptophan metabolism in organ cultures of rat pineal glands. Daya, S; Parmar, P, 2001)	1.03
"Melatonin has been shown to play a role in antioxidative defence. "	( Does exogenous melatonin influence the free radicals metabolism and pain sensation in rat? Holecek, V; Parara, S; Pekárková, I; Racek, J; Rokyta, R; Stopka, P; Trefil, L, 2001)	2.11
"Melatonin levels have been found to be decreased in cluster headache patients."	( Melatonin in the preventive treatment of chronic cluster headache. Peres, MF; Rozen, TD, 2001)	2.47
"Melatonin has been shown to possess both in vitro and in vivo important antioxidant activities as well as to inhibit the activation of poly (ADP ribose) synthetase."	( Pharmacological actions of melatonin in acute and chronic inflammation. Cuzzocrea, S; Reiter, RJ, 2002)	1.33
"Melatonin also has the ability to repair damaged biomolecules as shown by the fact that it converts the guanosine radical to guanosine by electron transfer."	( Chemical and physical properties and potential mechanisms: melatonin as a broad spectrum antioxidant and free radical scavenger. Allegra, M; El-Sawi, M; Hardeland, R; Kohen, R; Manchester, LC; Mayo, JC; Reiter, RJ; Sainz, RM; Tan, DX; Yan, MT, 2002)	1.28
"Melatonin has been shown to exert potent antinociception but the sites and mechanisms of action underlying this effect have not yet been clarified. "	( Effect of melatonin on rat spinal cord nociceptive transmission. Flores, F; Hernández, A; Laurido, C; Pelissie, T; Soto-Moyano, R; Valladares, L, 2002)	2.16
"Melatonin has been reported to scavenge hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite, whereas catalase and superoxide dismutase scavenge hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, respectively."	( Protective effect of melatonin and catalase in bovine neutrophil-induced model of mammary cell damage. Boulanger, V; Lacasse, P; Zhao, X, 2002)	1.35
"Melatonin has a number of properties as a consequence of which it could be beneficial to animals as they age. "	( Melatonin reduces oxidant damage and promotes mitochondrial respiration: implications for aging. El-Sawi, MR; Manchester, LC; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2002)	3.2
"Melatonin synthesis has been found in different sites of the organism, and a major source of extrapineal melatonin is the gastrointestinal tract."	( Gastrointestinal melatonin: cellular identification and biological role. Ingel, IE; Kvetnaia, TV; Kvetnoy, IM; Malinovskaya, NK; Raikhlin, NT; Rapoport, SI; Trofimov, AV; Yuzhakov, VV, 2002)	1.38
"Melatonin, has been reported to participate in the regulation of a number of important physiological and pathological process. "	( The effect of melatonin on peripheral blood cells during total body irradiation in rats. Buyukokuroglu, ME; Koc, M; Taysi, S, 2002)	2.12
"Melatonin has several distinct advantages as a preserver of organelle structure and function."	( Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and cellular and organismal decline: amelioration with melatonin. Burkhardt, S; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2002)	1.26
"As melatonin levels have been reported to decrease with age, melatonin replacement therapy may attenuate the incidence of sudden cardiac death especially in older patients."	( Effects of physiological and pharmacological concentrations of melatonin on ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmias in rats: can the incidence of sudden cardiac death be reduced? Acet, A; Olmez, E; Sahna, E, 2002)	1.07
"Melatonin has a potent antigonadotrophic action in the Syrian hamster ( a highly photosensitive species) provided the indole is given during a restricted portion of the light phase of the light-dark cycle."	( Melatonin: reproductive effects. Banks, AF; Panke, ES; Reiter, RJ; Rollag, MD, 1978)	2.42
"Melatonin has been extractkd by chloroform from rat serum and quantified by the Rana pipiens tadpole bioassay. "	( Pineal and serum melatonin at midday and midnight following pinealectomy or castration in male rats. Pang, SF; Ralph, CL, 1975)	2.04
"Melatonin has the opposite effect of relaxing intestinal smooth muscles."	( Infant colic: the effect of serotonin and melatonin circadian rhythms on the intestinal smooth muscle. Weissbluth, L; Weissbluth, M, 1992)	1.27
"Melatonin, in turn, has been shown to suppress mammary tumorigenesis in experimental animals."	( Electric power, pineal function, and the risk of breast cancer. Anderson, LE; Davis, S; Stevens, RG; Thomas, DB; Wilson, BW, 1992)	1
"Melatonin has been postulated to act as a prostaglandin (PG) synthetase inhibitor in the uterus."	( Lack of effect of melatonin on myometrial electromyographic activity in the pregnant sheep at 138-142 days gestation (term = 147 days gestation). Mitchell, MD; Nathanielsz, PW; Sadowsky, DW; Yellon, S, 1991)	1.34
"Melatonin has been shown to have a direct inhibitory action on the proliferation of estrogen-responsive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in culture. "	( Effects of melatonin on the cell cycle kinetics and "estrogen-rescue" of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in culture. Blask, DE; Cos, S; Hill, AB; Lemus-Wilson, A, 1991)	2.11
"Melatonin secretion has been suggested as a marker of both circadian and noradrenergic dysfunction in affective disorders. "	( Nocturnal melatonin and cortisol secretion in newly admitted psychiatric inpatients. Implications for affective disorders. Brown, GM; Goldman, S; Steiner, M, 1990)	2.12
"Melatonin assay has proved to be clinically useful for the diagnosis and investigation of several diseases (e.g., Cushing's syndrome, depressive disorders). "	( Measurement of melatonin in blood by radioimmunoassay. Analytical considerations and clinical usefulness. Burlina, A; Burlina, AP; Chiozza, ML; Masiero, M; Plebani, M; Scanarini, M, 1990)	2.07
"Melatonin has been shown to interact with the regulation of the human circadian system; this specific stimulation may, therefore, be of great interest in disorders associated with abnormalities of circadian rhythms."	( 5-Methoxypsoralen as a specific stimulating agent of melatonin secretion in humans. Belugou, JL; Darcourt, G; Krebs, B; Salvati, E; Souetre, E, 1990)	1.25
"Melatonin has been reported to attenuate the rigidity and tremor of Parkinson's disease."	( Attenuation of reserpine-induced catalepsy by melatonin and the role of the opioid system. Mukherjee, S; Sandyk, R, 1989)	1.26
"Melatonin has now been shown to be a potent immunoregulatory agent, and to be able to antagonize the immunosuppressive effects of acute anxiety stress in mice, as measured by antibody production, by thymus weight, and by the capacity of stressed- and evening-melatonin-treated mice to react against a lethal virus."	( Melatonin: a principal neuroimmunoregulatory and anti-stress hormone: its anti-aging effects. Maestroni, GJ; Pierpaoli, W, 1987)	2.44
"Melatonin has been reported to induce or enhance sleep in animals and man."	( Endogenous sleep-substances and sleep regulation. Borbély, AA, 1986)	0.99
"Melatonin has been shown to inhibit LH release and ovulation in rats and we chose this model to investigate the effects of new melatonin analogs."	( Development of drugs to modify the actions of melatonin. Clemens, JA; Flaugh, ME, 1986)	1.25
"Melatonin levels have been studied in venous blood sampled at different frequencies (0.5-, 2-, and 60-min intervals) form intact ewes. "	( Short-term variations of circulating melatonin in the ewe. Arendt, J; English, J; Poulton, A; Symons, AM, 1987)	1.99

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Melatonin may inhibit reactive oxygen species-related pathogenesis in the alimentary tract by neutralizing free radicals. Because of its antioxidant and antiestrogenic properties could counteract the toxic effects of this metalloestrogen.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Melatonin treatment inhibit the key CIC pathway, Rho/ROCK, through the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, interfering with the mitochondrial physiology of OS cells, and thus playing an anti-invasion and anti-metastasis role in OS."	( 3D-printing magnesium-polycaprolactone loaded with melatonin inhibits the development of osteosarcoma by regulating cell-in-cell structures. Cheng, Z; Li, Q; Qu, J; Yuan, Z; Zhang, W; Zhang, Z; Zhao, D; Zhao, W; Zhu, X; Zhuang, X, 2021)	1.59
"Melatonin receptors can inhibit breast and prostate cancers; however, little is known regarding their effects on oral squamous cell carcinoma. "	( Effects of melatonin receptor expression on prognosis and survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Hwang, DS; Jang, MA; Kim, GC; Kim, UK; Park, HK; Ryu, MH, 2022)	2.55
"Melatonin plays a vital role in promoting cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in mesenchymal-like CD44"	( Melatonin enhances cisplatin-induced cell death through inhibition of DERL1 in mesenchymal-like CD44 Fukada, S; Murodumi, H; Ohta, K; Okuda, S; Ono, S; Sakuma, M; Shigeishi, H; Takechi, M; Yamakado, N; Yokoyama, S, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin was found to suppress the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in a time-dependent manner by inhibiting the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR."	( Melatonin inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion by inducing ROS-mediated apoptosis via suppression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in gallbladder cancer cells. Chen, K; Chen, W; Luo, K; Shi, XJ; Zhai, W; Zhu, P, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin (MT) plays important roles in plant disease response, but the mechanisms are largely unknown. "	( Melatonin functions in priming of stomatal immunity in Panax notoginseng and Arabidopsis thaliana. Chen, Q; Cui, X; Dong, S; Gao, W; Hou, S; Huang, L; Ma, W; Peng, Z; Rengel, Z; Song, Y; Wei, J; Yang, Q; Yu, X; Zhang, S, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin plays an important role in oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryonic development as well."	( Roles of melatonin in the field of reproductive medicine. Deng, X; Gao, T; Hao, L; Ma, H; Na, M; Yang, H; Yong, W; Yu, H; Zhang, Y, 2021)	1.76
"Melatonin plays a crucial role in the mitigation of plant biotic stress through induced defense responses and pathogen attenuation. "	( Insight into melatonin-mediated response and signaling in the regulation of plant defense under biotic stress. Altaf, MA; Kumar, M; Kumar, R; Lal, MK; Mangal, V; Sharma, S; Singh, B; Tiwari, RK, 2022)	2.53
"Melatonin plays an important role in regulation and maintaining of the circadian rhythm. "	( Melatonin profile in healthy, elderly subjects - A systematic literature review. Godfrey, S; Iversen, HK; West, AS, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin may inhibit HtrA1 transcription through the miR-520c-3p/SETD7 axis to promote trophoblast invasion and migration and reduce trophoblast pyroptosis in PE."	( Melatonin regulates trophoblast pyroptosis, invasion and migration in preeclampsia by inhibiting HtrA1 transcription through the microRNA-520c-3p/SETD7 axis. Chang, J; Chen, B; Feng, L; Liu, Z; Zhao, X, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin plays an important role not only in plant immunity but also in alleviating pathogenicity."	( Phytomelatonin as a central molecule in plant disease resistance. Bai, Y; Reiter, RJ; Shi, H; Wei, Y; Zeng, H, 2022)	1.96
"Melatonin promotes the nuclear exclusion of androgen receptors without suppressing the expression of this receptor."	( The Potential Oncostatic Effects of Melatonin against Prostate Cancer. Samanta, S, 2021)	1.62
"Melatonin may also enhance the efficacy of cancer treatments such as immuno- and chemotherapy."	( The rationale for treating uveal melanoma with adjuvant melatonin: a review of the literature. Hagström, A; Kal Omar, R; Stålhammar, G; Williams, PA, 2022)	1.69
"Melatonin is known to inhibit cell proliferation in both tumor types."	( Calcium acts as a central player in melatonin antitumor activity in sarcoma cells. Herrera, F; Martín, V; Puente-Moncada, N; Rodríguez, C; Sánchez-Sánchez, AM; Turos-Cabal, M, 2022)	1.72
"Melatonin promotes proliferation of central glial cells."	( Melatonin promotes peripheral nerve repair through Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Bsoul, N; Chen, H; Chen, J; Chen, Z; Han, T; Li, B; Wang, H; Wang, L; Xie, Y; Yan, H; Zhang, D; Zhang, Z; Zhou, X, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin plays various species-specific roles in plant responses to different environmental conditions."	( Melatonin biosynthesis and signal transduction in plants in response to environmental conditions. Hu, Q; Jiang, J; Liu, G; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin plays a critical role in promoting the proliferation of osteoblasts and the growth and development of dental papilla cells. "	( The effect of melatonin on the mouse ameloblast-lineage cell line ALCs. Guo, Y; Ji, F; Kwon, K; Pan, J; Ren, Q; Shen, C; Wang, Y; Yang, Z, 2022)	2.52
"Melatonin (MLT) plays a critical role in anti-inflammation, but the potential protective effect of melatonin on venous dysfunction induced by IVO has not been revealed."	( Melatonin Alleviates Venous Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Iliac Vein Occlusion. Du, X; Guo, Z; Lu, S; Ran, F; Xu, D; Xu, X; Zhou, Y, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin plays an essential role in the regulation of circadian rhythms."	( Melatonergic Receptors (Mt1/Mt2) as a Potential Additional Target of Novel Drugs for Depression. Baig, AA; Bardhan, M; Bhutra, P; Boiko, DI; Chopra, H; Hasan, MM; Kazmi, SK; Shkodina, AD; Skrypnikov, AM, 2022)	1.44
"Melatonin may also increase insulin sensitivity and β-cell function."	( The Role of Melatonin in Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Associated Risk Factors: A New Tool in Our Arsenal? Kalaitzidis, RG; Theofilis, P; Vordoni, A, 2022)	1.82
"Melatonin plays an important role as immunomodulatory and oncostatic hormone."	( Melatonin finely tunes proliferation and senescence in hematopoietic stem cells. Barcessat, ARP; Cruciani, S; Facchin, F; Fozza, C; Garroni, G; Maioli, M; Pala, R; Ventura, C, )	2.3
"Melatonin may inhibit inflammation and associated oxidative stress on the surface of knee cartilage. "	( Melatonin Attenuates the Progression of Osteoarthritis in Rats by Inhibiting Inflammation and Related Oxidative Stress on the Surface of Knee Cartilage. Ke, C; Li, H; Wang, J; Wang, L; Xu, J; Yang, D; Ying, H; Zhu, H, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin promotes brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity, leading to body mass reduction and energy expenditure. "	( Suppression of obesity by melatonin through increasing energy expenditure and accelerating lipolysis in mice fed a high-fat diet. Cai, S; Ding, C; Huang, Y; Jin, S; Li, D; Li, H; Shao, H; Wang, Y; Xu, L; Zhang, O; Zhu, Y, 2022)	2.46
"Melatonin plays an important role in various beneficial functions, including promoting differentiation. "	( Melatonin promoted osteogenesis of human periodontal ligament cells by regulating mitochondrial functions through the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 20. Fan, W; He, H; Huang, F; Liu, J; Sun, H; Zheng, M, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin (MT) plays a crucial role in the regulation of inflammatory response."	( Melatonin alleviates lead-induced fatty liver in the common carps (Cyprinus carpio) via gut-liver axis. Miao, Z; Teng, X; Xu, S, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin can enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier, alter the composition of intestinal bacteria in favor of bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties, regulate the immune response, alleviate inflammation and attenuate oxidative stress."	( Melatonin and inflammatory bowel disease: From basic mechanisms to clinical application. Alemi, F; Alipourian, A; Khazaie, S; Malakoti, F; Moein, S; Qujeq, D; Vaghari-Tabari, M; Yousefi, B, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin (MLT) plays a significant role on maintaining the basic physiological functions and regulating various metabolic processes in plentiful organisms. "	( Melatonin in different food samples: Recent update on distribution, bioactivities, pretreatment and analysis techniques. Feng, XS; Liu, ZF; Wei, BB; Zhang, XY; Zhang, Y; Zhou, Y, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin may inhibit apoptosis, increase mitochondrial membrane potential, and increase autophagy of myocardial microvascular endothelial cells under hypertensive state via inhibiting Mst1 expression, thereby exerting myocardial protective effect."	( Protective effects of melatonin on myocardial microvascular endothelial cell injury under hypertensive state by regulating Mst1. Han, R; Liu, Y; Luo, J; Wang, L; Wang, W; Wu, B, 2023)	2.67
"(3) Melatonin can inhibit the activation of the innate immune system by inhibiting the TLR2/4-MyD88-NFκB signal pathway and scavenging ROS, thus improving cartilage matrix metabolism and delaying the progression of OA in vivo."	( Preparation of Melatonin-Loaded Nanoparticles with Targeting and Sustained Release Function and Their Application in Osteoarthritis. Chen, Y; Liang, H; Liu, Z; Ma, X; Su, Z; Sun, W; Yan, Y; Yu, B, 2023)	1.74
"Melatonin plays an important role in various types of stress resistance in plants, including drought resistance."	( Melatonin enhances drought tolerance by affecting jasmonic acid and lignin biosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Chen, J; Chen, K; Chen, M; Delaplace, P; Luo, M; Ma, Y; Pan, Y; Tang, W; Wang, D; Xu, Z; Zhou, Y, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin plays a role in repairing damaged cartilage and regulating immune cells. "	( Melatonin enhances the ability of M2 macrophages to secrete IL10 by inhibiting Erk5 signaling pathway. Sun, S; Tang, T; Wei, M, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin plays a key role in circadian rhythms in the body, but its concentration is also linked to mood fluctuations as well as emotional well-being."	( Melatonin Activation by Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes: A Comparison between Different Isozymes. Cao, Y; De Visser, SP; De Visser, T; Mokkawes, T, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin plays a protective role against Aβ-induced inflammation via an inflammasome-associated mechanism that is essential in inducing the active forms of cytokines and pyroptosis."	( The role of melatonin in amyloid beta-induced inflammation mediated by inflammasome signaling in neuronal cell lines. Boontor, A; Govitrapong, P; Kutpruek, S; Nopparat, C, 2023)	2.01
"Melatonin plays important roles in cell differentiation and protection of cytoskeleton stability, thus, the present study aimed to investigate whether melatonin can enhance neurite outgrowth and promote cytoskeletal remodeling in a PNI animal model and in differentiated neurons."	( Melatonin Promotes Nerve Regeneration Following End-to-Side Neurorrhaphy by Accelerating Cytoskeletal Remodeling via the Melatonin Receptor-dependent Pathway. Chang, HM; Ho, YJ; Lan, CT; Li, ST; Liao, WC; Lin, YT; Liu, CH; Tseng, TJ; Yang, YS, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin plays an important role in T cell-mediated immune responses against cancer, infections, and the development of many autoimmune diseases."	( Effect of melatonin on T/B cell activation and immune regulation in pinealectomy mice. Chen, X; Huang, J; Lin, X; Luo, J; Song, J; Sun, H; Zhang, Z; Zhou, R, 2020)	1.68
"Melatonin plays an essential role in the regulation of bone growth. "	( Melatonin as an Agent for Direct Pulp-Capping Treatment. Alcaina-Lorente, A; Guerrero-Gironés, J; Martínez, CM; Ortiz-Ruiz, AJ; Ortiz-Ruiz, C; Ortiz-Ruiz, E; Pecci-Lloret, MP; Rodríguez-Lozano, FJ, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin plays an important role in the regulation of ovarian function including oocyte maturation in different mammalian species. "	( Evidence that Melatonin Increases Inhibin Beta-A and Follistatin Gene Expression in Ovaries of Pinealectomized Rats. Baracat, EC; Baracat, MCP; Carbonel, AAF; Carvalho, KC; Cipolla-Neto, J; de Jesus Simões, M; Dos Santos Simões, R; Girão, MJBC; Luquetti, CM; Maganhin, CC; Seganfredo, IB; Soares-Jr, JM, 2020)	2.36
"The melatonin-induced increase in miR-149 inhibited the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and ECM components, such as collagen I and fibronectin."	( Melatonin suppresses ischemia-induced fibrosis by regulating miR-149. Han, YS; Lee, JH; Lee, SH, 2020)	2.48
"Melatonin plays an important role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle and adaptation to environmental changes. "	( Melatonin-Measurement Methods and the Factors Modifying the Results. A Systematic Review of the Literature. Paprocka, J; Rzepka-Migut, B, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin plays a lot of important roles in microorganisms, particularly in enhancing the tolerance of environment stress."	( Microorganisms: Producers of Melatonin in Fermented Foods and Beverages. Francoise, U; Ge, Q; Liu, X; Ma, T; Que, Z; Shang, Y; Sun, X; Xu, P; Zhang, J; Zhang, Q, 2020)	1.57
"Melatonin can inhibit renal inflammation and fibrosis by inhibiting the NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathways, and melatonin may be a promising therapeutic target in diabetic nephropathy."	( Melatonin Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis Through the Inhibition of NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad3 Pathways in db/db Diabetic Mice. Fan, Z; Qi, X; Wu, Y; Xia, L; Yang, W, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin plays a pivotal role in preventing age-related oxidative stress."	( Melatonin, aging, and COVID-19: Could melatonin be beneficial for COVID-19 treatment in the elderly? Akbulut, KG; Güney, Ş; Öztürk, G, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin promotes adaptation through allostasis and stands out as an endogenous, dietary, and therapeutic molecule with important health benefits."	( Melatonin's Impact on Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Reprogramming in Homeostasis and Disease. Chitimus, DM; Panaitescu, AM; Pavel, B; Popescu, MR; Voiculescu, SE; Zagrean, AM; Zagrean, L, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin plays a role in cancer therapy due to its anti-tumor effects as well as by enhancing the efficacy of other drugs as an adjuvant."	( Melatonin as a potential inhibitor of kidney cancer: A survey of the molecular processes. Asemi, Z; Hallajzadeh, J; Maleki Dana, P; Mansournia, MA; Reiter, RJ; Yousefi, B, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin (Mel) promotes sleep through G protein-coupled receptors. "	( Melatonin promotes sleep by activating the BK channel in Chen, B; Li, Y; Liu, P; Niu, L; Shui, Y; Wang, ZW; Zong, P, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin plays a key role in the endogenous circadian rhythms of humans via light stimulation in the hypothalamus."	( Therapeutic role of melatonin in migraine prophylaxis: Is there a link between sleep and migraine? Chu, MK; Kim, BS; Song, TJ, 2020)	1.6
"Melatonin plays physiological roles in various critical processes, including circadian rhythms, oxidative stress defenses, anti-inflammation responses, and immunity; however, the current understanding of the role of melatonin in hepatic glucose metabolism is limited. "	( Melatonin stimulates transcription of the rat phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene in hepatic cells. Asano, K; Higuchi, M; Ono, M; Takagi, K; Tanaka, T; Tomita, K; Tsukada, A; Yamada, K; Yanagisawa, Y, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin continues to generate interest in the scientific community and the general public. "	( Melatonin rich foods in our diet: food for thought or wishful thinking? Kennaway, DJ, 2020)	3.44
"Melatonin plays vital roles as an antioxidant and can work as a free radical scavenger to protect plants from oxidative stress by stabilization cell redox status; however, MT can alleviate the toxic oxygen and nitrogen species."	( Role of Melatonin in Plant Tolerance to Soil Stressors: Salinity, pH and Heavy Metals. Abdelhamid, MT; Ai, S; Almoneafy, A; Arnao, MB; Awad, M; Dafea, M; El-Ezz, AA; Elkelish, A; Hasanuzzaman, M; Khan, M; Li, L; Mahmoud, A; Moustafa-Farag, M; Wang, Y, 2020)	1.71
"Melatonin plays an important role in the thermoregulatory mechanisms, ensuring greater capacity to withstand cold and, also, participating in the regulation of energy balance."	( The effects of melatonin daily supplementation to aged rats on the ability to withstand cold, thermoregulation and body weight. Amaral, FG; Belpiede, LT; Cipolla-Neto, J; do Carmo Buonfiglio, D; Gomes, G; Mendes, C; Motta-Teixeira, LC, 2021)	2.42
"Melatonin plays a beneficial role in gut motility and immunity."	( Increased Expression of Colonic Mucosal Melatonin in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome Correlated with Gut Dysbiosis. Duan, L; He, M; Liu, Z; Pei, F; Sun, Q; Wang, B; Wei, H; Zhang, J; Zhang, L; Zhu, S, 2020)	1.55
"Melatonin did not increase the efficacy of systemic chemotherapy in melanoma. "	( Melatonin and Metformin Failed to Modify the Effect of Dacarbazine in Melanoma. Anisimov, VN; Baldueva, IA; Berstein, LM; Latipova, DK; Novik, AV; Protsenko, SA; Semenova, AI; Semiglazova, TY; Tkachenko, EV; Zhuk, IN, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin plays a fundamental homeostatic role in basic biological functions, and an anti-stress role has been also proposed for this hormone. "	( Melatonin administration attenuates acute stress by inducing sleep state in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Alvarez-Leite, JI; Braga, WF; da Cunha Barreto-Vianna, AR; Egger, RC; Lunkes, LC; Murgas, LDS; Paiva, IM, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin can suppress oxidative stress and inflammation in pulmonary and circulatory systems."	( Role of endogenous melatonin in pathophysiologic and oxidative stress responses to personal air pollutant exposures in asthmatic children. Barkjohn, KK; Bergin, MH; Black, M; Cui, X; Fang, L; He, L; Hong, J; Li, F; Li, Z; Lin, L; Norris, C; Schauer, JJ; Teng, Y; Wang, Q; Zhang, JJ; Zhang, Y; Zhou, X, 2021)	1.67
"Melatonin can inhibit the hyperactivity of NLRP3 inflammasomes by enhancing mitochondrial autophagy and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway activity. "	( Protective effects of melatonin on the white matter damage of neonatal rats by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Jiang, H; Li, X; Liu, Y; Qin, M; Sun, M; Xu, J; Zhang, L, 2021)	2.38
"Melatonin (MEL) plays an important role in regulating growth and development of organisms and the cellular metabolism. "	( Melatonin mediates monochromatic light-induced expression of somatostatin in the hypothalamus and pituitary of chicks. Cao, J; Chen, Y; Dong, Y; Liu, X; Long, M; Qin, X; Wang, Z; Yan, X, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin promotes antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase."	( Melatonin mitigates the adverse effect of hypoxia during myocardial differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells. Jeong, S; Jeung, EB; Lee, B; Lee, JH; Tran, DN; Yoo, YM, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin also promotes mitophagy and inhibits NLRP3 inflammasomes in DRG cells."	( Melatonin Alleviates Radiculopathy Against Apoptosis and NLRP3 Inflammasomes Via the Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy Pathway. Chen, Z; Jiang, J; Ma, X; Wang, H; Xia, X; Xie, L; Zhao, Z; Zheng, C, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin treatments enable plants to be tolerant to abiotic stresses via enhancing their recovery potential, but its impact using various concentrations has not yet been studied in leaf physiological aspects when applied to cotton foliage during their peak flowering and boll loading stage."	( Foliar melatonin stimulates cotton boll distribution characteristics by modifying leaf sugar metabolism and antioxidant activities during drought conditions. Abdalmegeed, D; He, J; Hu, W; Khattak, WA; Wang, Y; Zhou, Z, 2022)	1.9
"Melatonin may also increase the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination."	( Melatonin as a Potential Adjuvant Treatment for COVID-19 beyond Sleep Disorders. Cubała, WJ; Kania, A; Siemiński, M; Wichniak, A, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin plays an important role in abiotic stress in plant, but its role in wheat drought tolerance is less known. "	( Beneficial effects of melatonin in overcoming drought stress in wheat seedlings. Cui, G; Liu, S; Sun, F; Xi, Y; Zhang, C; Zhao, X, 2017)	2.21
"Melatonin could not produce any additive effect on the CR treatment group, suggesting that both treatments mimicked the effect, possibly via the same pathway."	( Comparing the Effects of Melatonin with Caloric Restriction in the Hippocampus of Aging Mice: Involvement of Sirtuin1 and the FOXOs Pathway. Govitrapong, P; Jenwitheesuk, A; Mukda, S; Park, S; Shimokawa, I; Tocharus, J; Wongchitrat, P, 2018)	1.51
"Melatonin plays a major role in maintaining circadian rhythm. "	( Plasma melatonin levels in hip fracture patients with and without delirium: A confirmation study. de Rooij, SE; Kema, IP; Scholtens, RM; van Faassen, M; van Kempen, MF; van Munster, BC, 2017)	2.35
"Melatonin (MLT) plays an important role in regulating the physiological cycle of seasonal breeding animals. "	( The Regulatory Mechanism of MLT/MT1 Signaling on the Growth of Antler Mesenchymal Cells. He, C; Huo, L; Liu, G; Luo, C; Sun, X; Wang, J; Xiong, J; Yang, F; Yang, L, 2017)	1.9
"Melatonin caused an increase in total antioxidant status and a substantial reduction in ROS as estimated from aldehyde and ketone derivatives, lipid peroxidation at the initial (diene conjugates) and terminal stages (TBARS), and increased catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities."	( Melatonin and Metformin Diminish Oxidative Stress in Heart Tissue in a Rat Model of High Fat Diet and Mammary Carcinogenesis. Bojkova, B; Demkow, U; Kurhaluk, N; Kyriienko, S; Radkowski, M; Winklewski, PJ; Zaitseva, OV, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin plays a crucial role in the amelioration of reproductive toxicity induced by endocrine-disrupting chemicals. "	( Melatonin mitigates bisphenol A-induced estradiol production and proliferation by porcine ovarian granulosa cells in vitro. Shi, F; Shi, X; Song, D; Wei, Q; Wu, G; Xing, J, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin induced lower IP3R and higher SERCA2a expression in myocardium that were reversed by PD98059."	( Melatonin-Induced Protective Effects on Cardiomyocytes Against Reperfusion Injury Partly Through Modulation of IP3R and SERCA2a Via Activation of ERK1. Chen, Y; Hu, S; Zhang, Y; Zhou, H; Zhu, P, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin might produce a neuroprotective effect through its antioxidant action and by increasing the expression of SMP30 and OPN that is not comparable with that of DON."	( Melatonin ameliorates brain oxidative stress and upregulates senescence marker protein-30 and osteopontin in a rat model of vascular dementia. Bin-Jaliah, I; Sakr, HF, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin plays an important role in regulating circadian rhythms. "	( Melatonin improves insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis through attenuation of alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein. Baik, SH; Choi, DS; Choi, KM; Heo, JI; Kim, NH; Kim, SG; Seo, JA; Yoo, HJ; Yoon, DW; Yu, JH, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin did not increase HO-1 expression in any of the tissues examined."	( Melatonin enhances antioxidant molecules in the placenta, reduces secretion of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFLT) from primary trophoblast but does not rescue endothelial dysfunction: An evaluation of its potential to treat preeclampsia. Beard, S; Binder, NK; Hannan, NJ; Kaitu'u-Lino, TJ; Nguyen, TV; Tong, S, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin promotes sleep. "	( Melatonin promotes sleep in mice by inhibiting orexin neurons in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus. Sahota, P; Sharma, R; Thakkar, MM, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin plays a key role in cold stress response in plants."	( Cold Priming Induced Tolerance to Subsequent Low Temperature Stress is Enhanced by Melatonin Application during Recovery in Wheat. Li, X; Liu, F; Liu, S; Song, F; Sun, L; Sun, Z; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Zhu, X, 2018)	1.43
"Melatonin (MTG) plays critical roles in circadian rhythm disorders, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurological disorders."	( Melatonin ameliorates cognitive memory by regulation of cAMP-response element-binding protein expression and the anti-inflammatory response in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Hahm, DH; Lee, B; Lee, H; Shim, I, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin plays a crucial role in major pathological processes associated with heart failure including ischemic injury, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cardiac remodeling."	( Melatonin in Heart Failure: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy? Maarman, GJ; Nduhirabandi, F, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin was found to inhibit forskolin-stimulated oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) release in vitro. "	( The role of the cAMP/PKA signalling pathway in the inhibitory influence of melatonin on oxytocin and vasopressin secretion from the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. Bojanowska, E; Juszczak, M; Krzyminska, A; Roszczyk, M, 2018)	2.15
"Melatonin plays the role of an endogenous synchronizer which regulates circadian rhythms, especially the sleep/wake and temperature rhythms."	( [Melatonin: Physiological and pharmacological aspects related to sleep: The interest of a prolonged-release formulation (Circadin Claustrat, B; Quera-Salva, MA, 2018)	2.11
"Melatonin plays a protective role under many unfavorable conditions."	( Melatonin protects embryonic development and maintains sleep/wake behaviors from the deleterious effects of fluorene-9-bisphenol in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Chen, DY; Feng, DF; Feng, XZ; Li, M; Li, SB; Liu, XY; Mi, P; Zhang, QP; Zhang, SH; Zhao, X, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin did not increase total sleep; however, blinded caregiver reports indicate treatment with melatonin provided considerable clinical benefit for some patients with Dravet syndrome and sleep disturbance."	( Randomized Controlled Trial of Melatonin for Sleep Disturbance in Dravet Syndrome: The DREAMS Study. Ching, M; Davey, MJ; Ellis, C; Grinton, BE; Lightfoot, PA; Myers, KA; Roten, A; Scheffer, IE, 2018)	2.21
"Melatonin plays an important role in stress tolerance in plants. "	( Melatonin Alleviates Copper Toxicity via Improving Copper Sequestration and ROS Scavenging in Cucumber. Cao, YY; Guo, YD; Li, S; Li, X; Qi, CD; Ren, S; Wang, J; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Zhang, N, 2019)	3.4
"The melatonin was able to increase the gene level of miR-148a-3p and decreased the gene and protein expression of IGF-1R and VEGF, both in vitro and in vivo. "	( Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin in the Regulation of MiR-148a-3p and Angiogenic Factors in Breast Cancer. Aristizábal-Pachón, AF; Bajgelman, MC; Borin, TF; Ferreira, LC; Lacerda, JZ; Lopes, BC; Zuccari, DAPC, 2019)	1.38
"Melatonin plays an important role in gonadal development; thus, its effect on the reproductive system is evident."	( Is the effect of melatonin on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 associated with angiogenesis in the rat ovary? Behram, M; Kandemir, YB; Katırcı, E; Konuk, E; Xxx, F, 2019)	1.57
"Melatonin was able to increase progesterone release and to influence the balance between luteotrophic and luteolityc factors. "	( "Hormone of darkness" and human reproductive process: direct regulatory role of melatonin in human corpus luteum. Alesiani, O; Apa, R; Arena, V; Fabozzi, SM; Lanzone, A; Notaristefano, G; Scarinci, E; Tropea, A, 2019)	2.18
"Melatonin can increase plant resistance to stress, and exogenous melatonin has been reported to promote stress resistance in plants. "	( Overexpression of the Melatonin Synthesis-Related Gene Chen, SY; Liu, DD; Liu, L; Shi, HD; Sun, XS; Zhao, DK, 2019)	2.27
"Melatonin (MT) plays important roles in mediating plant responses to abiotic stresses such as drought. "	( Strand-specific RNA-seq based identification and functional prediction of lncRNAs in response to melatonin and simulated drought stresses in cassava. Ding, Z; He, G; Hu, W; Tie, W; Wu, C; Yan, Y, 2019)	2.17
"Melatonin tended to increase the developmental competence of embryos from heat-shocked oocytes but not for embryos from oocytes exposed to menadione or from control oocytes."	( Effects of melatonin on production of reactive oxygen species and developmental competence of bovine oocytes exposed to heat shock and oxidative stress during in vitro maturation. Cavallari, FC; Hansen, PJ; Leal, CLV; Zvi, R, 2019)	1.63
"Melatonin plays important roles in multiple stress responses. "	( Using Transcriptome to Discover a Novel Melatonin-Induced Sodic Alkaline Stress Resistant Pathway in Solanum lycopersicum L. Gong, B; Jing, X; Li, X; Shi, Q; Tang, H; Yan, Y, 2019)	2.22
"Melatonin-stimulated an increase in p21 which was correlated with a pronounced nuclear translocation of thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin reductase 1, both of which are known to induce p21 via promoting p53 trans-activation."	( Melatonin and (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate: Partners in Fighting Cancer. He, Y; Reiter, RJ; Wu, X; Yang, CS; Zhang, J; Zhang, K; Zhang, L; Zhao, G, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin (MLT) plays a role in preserving bone health, a function that may depend on homeostatic effects on both mature osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of the bone tissue. "	( Melatonin prevents cadmium-induced bone damage: First evidence on an improved osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation balance of mesenchymal stem cells as underlying mechanism. Bartolini, D; Galli, F; Kechiche, S; Knani, L; Messaoudi, I; Moretti, M; Murdolo, G; Reiter, RJ; Tortoioli, C, 2019)	3.4
"Melatonin is known to suppress the development of endocrine-responsive breast cancers by interacting with the estrogen signaling pathways. "	( Melatonin modulates aromatase activity and expression in endothelial cells. Alonso-González, C; Alvarez-García, V; Cos, S; González, A; Martínez-Campa, C, 2013)	3.28
"Melatonin prevented the increase in malondialdehyde and carbonyl group content, and reversed the effect on catalase and xanthine oxidase activity."	( Melatonin protects rat thymus against oxidative stress caused by exposure to microwaves and modulates proliferation/apoptosis of thymocytes. Basic, J; Djindjic, B; Djordjevic, B; Jevtovic-Stoimenov, T; Kocic, G; Krstic, D; Marinkovic, M; Pavlovic, V; Sokolovic, D; Sokolovic, DM; Stanojkovic, Z; Veljkovic, A, 2013)	2.55
"Melatonin not only plays an important role in regulating circadian rhythms, but is also involved in antioxidative defense and immunomodulation. "	( Serotoninergic and melatoninergic systems are expressed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts NIH3T3 cells. Liu, YJ; Meng, FT; Wu, L; Zhou, JN, 2013)	2.16
"Melatonin plays a direct role in mononuclear cell activity, increasing zymosan-induced phagocytosis by stimulating MT2 melatonin receptors and increasing the expression of dectin-1."	( Melatonin synthesis in human colostrum mononuclear cells enhances dectin-1-mediated phagocytosis by mononuclear cells. Markus, RP; Pires-Lapa, MA; Salustiano, EM; Tamura, EK, 2013)	2.55
"This melatonin-induced increase in umbilical artery blood flow may alter nutrient availability to the fetus, which may lead to alterations in fetal size."	( Dietary melatonin supplementation alters uteroplacental amino acid flux during intrauterine growth restriction in ewes. Camacho, LE; Caton, JS; Kapphahn, M; Lemley, CO; Meyer, AM; Vonnahme, KA, 2013)	1.28
"Melatonin failed to suppress seizure incidence and intensity though the latency for seizure onset was significantly increased in SHRs."	( Strain-dependent effects of long-term treatment with melatonin on kainic acid-induced status epilepticus, oxidative stress and the expression of heat shock proteins. Atanasova, M; Blazhev, A; Dragomirova, P; Pechlivanova, D; Petkova, Z; Tchekalarova, J, 2013)	1.36
"Melatonin could inhibit WAS-induced fecal output pellets by inactivating the 5-HT pathway, may interact with calcium channel and inhibit the influx of calcium."	( The inhibitory effect of melatonin on colonic motility disorders induced by water avoidance stress in rats. Liang, CB; Luo, HS; Tan, W; Xia, H; Zhou, W, 2013)	2.14
"Melatonin promotes sleep processes and, administered as a drug, it is suitable to improve primary and secondary sleep disorders in humans."	( Pineal gland volume in primary insomnia and healthy controls: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Bumb, JM; Deuschle, M; Enning, F; Haddad, L; Lederbogen, F; Nolte, I; Paul, F; Schilling, C; Schredl, M, 2014)	1.12
"Melatonin plays an important role in the immune regulation of birds. "	( Melatonin regulates splenocytes proliferation via IP3-dependent intracellular Ca2+ release in seasonally breeding bird, Perdicula asiatica. Dash, D; Haldar, C; Kumar Singh, S; Kumar Yadav, S, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin plays an important part in gastrointestinal physiology which includes regulation of gastrointestinal motility, local anti-inflammatory reaction as well as moderation of visceral sensation."	( Melatonin for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Ho, KY; Siah, KT; Wong, RK, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin plays pivotal role in biological circadian rhythms."	( Melatonin secretion is impaired in women with preeclampsia and an abnormal circadian blood pressure rhythm. Arampatzis, S; Bouchlariotou, S; Eleftheriadis, T; Giannopoulou, M; Liakopoulos, V; Mertens, PR; Messinis, IE; Stefanidis, I; Zintzaras, E, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin plays pleiotropic roles in both animals and plants. "	( Melatonin as a signal molecule triggering defense responses against pathogen attack in Arabidopsis and tobacco. Back, K; Byeon, Y; Lee, HY, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin, because of its amphiphilic nature that allows for crossing morphophysiological barriers, is an effective antioxidant for protecting macromolecules against oxidative stress caused by reactive species."	( Essential actions of melatonin in protecting the ovary from oxidative damage. Cruz, JF; Cruz, MH; Leal, CL; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2014)	1.44
"Melatonin is known to inhibit the activation of NF-κB and has a cytoprotective function."	( The cellular state determines the effect of melatonin on the survival of mixed cerebellar cell culture. Franco, DG; Markus, RP, 2014)	1.38
"Melatonin also plays a role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis."	( Melatonin Attenuates Methamphetamine-Induced Neurotoxicity. Govitrapong, P; Wongprayoon, P, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin plays an important role in cancer (tumor growth and metastasis) through different pathways and may have therapeutic significance."	( Melatonin and cancer. Gheorghe, DC; Popescu, CR; Zamfir Chiru, AA, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin plays a neuroprotective role in different CNS injuries. "	( Melatonin exerts protective effect on N2a cells under hypoxia conditions through Zip1/ERK pathway. Hou, MX; Liu, XW; Liu, YE; Xiang, LB; Zhang, YB; Zi, Y, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin plays a protective role in type 2 diabetes (T2D) through regulation of glucose metabolism. "	( Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation induces tidal melatonin secretion and has an antidiabetic effect in Zucker fatty rats. Li, S; McCabe, MF; Rong, P; Wang, S; Wang, X; Zhai, X, 2015)	2.11
"Melatonin plays a role as a direct free radical scavenger and indirect antioxidant."	( Association of endogenous melatonin with uric acid and traditional cardiovascular risk factors in healthy young male. Aladag, NB; Sahin, A; Yildiz, BS; Yildiz, M, )	1.15
"Melatonin plays an essential role in development and immunoregulation of the avian spleen through its receptors; however, the variations in the expression of the melatonin receptor subtypes in the developing avian spleen are still unclear. "	( Developmental changes of melatonin receptor expression in the spleen of the chicken, Gallus domesticus. Cao, J; Chen, Y; Dong, Y; Guo, Q; Wang, Z; Zhang, Z, 2015)	2.16
"Melatonin, which promotes the metabolism of many reactive oxygen species (ROS), has antioxidant and neuroprotective properties."	( Chronic Melatonin Treatment Prevents Memory Impairment Induced by Chronic Sleep Deprivation. Alhashimi, FH; Alzoubi, KH; Bani Salama, FM; Khabour, OF; Mayyas, FA; Mhaidat, NM, 2016)	1.59
"Melatonin plays an important role in the sleep-wake cycle."	( Effects of intrauterine growth restriction on sleep and the cardiovascular system: The use of melatonin as a potential therapy? Horne, RS; Miller, SL; Wallace, EM; Yiallourou, SR, 2016)	1.37
"Melatonin did not inhibit the typical Ca(2+) response induced by CCK-8 (1 nM)."	( Melatonin induces the expression of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes via PKC and Ca2+ influx activation in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Bolaños, JP; Clea Ruy, D; Fernandez-Bermejo, M; Garcia-Sanchez, L; Gonzalez, A; Jimenez-Blasco, D; Salido, GM; Santofimia-Castaño, P, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin could inhibit the proliferation and migration of RKO cells, and further experiments confirmed that p38 MAPK plays an important role in regulating melatonin-induced migration inhibition through down-regulating the expression and activity of MLCK."	( Melatonin inhibits the Migration of Colon Cancer RKO cells by Down-regulating Myosin Light Chain Kinase Expression through Cross-talk with p38 MAPK. Gui, SY; Hu, RL; Wang, Y; Wei, X; Yang, XP; Zhang, SM; Zhou, Q; Zhu, HQ; Zou, DB; Zuo, L, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin plays crucial roles in a wide range of ovarian physiological functions via the melatonin receptors (MRs). "	( Molecular characterization and expression profile of the melatonin receptor MT1 in the ovary of Tianzhu white yak (Bos grunniens). Hu, JJ; Li, FD; Tao, JZ; Zhang, XY; Zhang, Y; Zhao, XX, 2017)	2.14
"Melatonin plays an important role in protecting gastrointestinal tract from dysfunction, in which MTL, CGRP, CORT and CA are all involved."	( [The experimental study on melatonin gastro intestinal motility and plasma levels of stress hormones in overtraining rat]. Jing, HF; Wang, XM, 2015)	2.16
"Melatonin levels were lower in pediatric patients prone to seizures than in healthy children and increased during seizures. "	( Evaluation of Plasma Melatonin Levels in Children With Afebrile and Febrile Seizures. Altun, D; Arslan, M; Dabak, O; Unay, B; Vurucu, S; Yaman, H; Yesilkaya, E, 2016)	2.2
"Melatonin, which plays an important role for regulation of circadian rhythms and the sleep/wake cycle has been linked to the pathophysiology of major depressive and bipolar disorder. "	( Differential melatonin alterations in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Bumb, JM; Enning, F; Findeisen, P; Leweke, FM; Mueller, JK; Noelte, I; Rohleder, C; Schwarz, E; van der List, T, 2016)	2.25
"Melatonin plays a major role in maintaining circadian rhythm. "	( Physiological melatonin levels in healthy older people: A systematic review. de Rooij, SE; Scholtens, RM; van Kempen, MF; van Munster, BC, 2016)	2.24
"Melatonin plays an important role in reducing inflammation, but its effects on scar formation in the injured spinal cord remain unknown."	( Effects of melatonin on severe crush spinal cord injury-induced reactive astrocyte and scar formation. Govitrapong, P; Jongkamonwiwat, N; Krityakiarana, W; Mukda, S; Phansuwan-Pujito, P; Pinilla, FG; Sompup, K, 2016)	1.55
"Melatonin plays a crucial role in regulating diverse physiological functions and metabolic homeostasis."	( Melatonin ameliorates alcohol-induced bile acid synthesis by enhancing miR-497 expression. Chung, MJ; Elfadl, AK; Harris, RA; Hwang, SL; Jeong, KS; Kim, HM; Kim, YD; Lee, EJ; Lee, SE; Nedumaran, B, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases as an antioxidant and neuroprotector."	( Protective role of melatonin on PCB (Aroclor 1,254) induced oxidative stress and changes in acetylcholine esterase and membrane bound ATPases in cerebellum, cerebral cortex and hippocampus of adult rat brain. Aruldhas, MM; Arunakaran, J; Krishnamoorthy, G; Srinivasan, N; Vengatesh, G; Venkataraman, P, 2008)	1.4
"Melatonin plays a key role in the proper functioning of the circadian timing system (CTS), and exogenous melatonin has been shown to be beneficial in cases of CTS and sleep disturbances. "	( Degree of pineal calcification (DOC) is associated with polysomnographic sleep measures in primary insomnia patients. Hädel, S; Heidenreich, JO; Kienast, T; Kunz, D; Mahlberg, R; Schmitz, S, 2009)	1.8
"Melatonin plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of many reproductive processes. "	( Melatonin and the ovary: physiological and pathophysiological implications. Korkmaz, A; Manchester, LC; Nakamura, Y; Reiter, RJ; Sugino, N; Tamura, H; Tan, DX, 2009)	3.24
"Melatonin plays a role in blood pressure (BP) control. "	( Effect of L-NAME-induced hypertension on melatonin receptors and melatonin levels in the pineal gland and the peripheral organs of rats. Benova, M; Herichova, I; Krajcirovicova, K; Paulis, L; Simko, F; Stebelova, K; Zeman, M, 2009)	2.06
"Melatonin plays a role in the sleep process by binding to receptors that inhibit the firing rate of neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus."	( Melatonin receptors. An overview for physicians. Zee, PC, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin plays a neuroprotective role in models of neurodegenerative diseases. "	( The antiapoptotic activity of melatonin in neurodegenerative diseases. Wang, X, 2009)	2.08
"Melatonin tended to enhance the reaction of younger animals to LPS but suppressed the inflammatory response of older mice."	( Melatonin causes gene expression in aged animals to respond to inflammatory stimuli in a manner differing from that of young animals. Bondy, SC; Sharman, EH; Sharman, KG, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin (MT) plays an important role in the regulation of physiological and neuroendocrine functions, such as control of circadian rhythms and synchronization of seasonal reproductive rhythms in mammals. "	( [Effects of melatonin on nociception processes in experimentally model of neurophatic pain]. Ciesielczyk, K; Machowska, A; Nowak, Ł; Thor, PJ; Zurowski, D, 2008)	2.17
"Melatonin plays an important physiologic role in sleep and circadian rhythm regulation, immunoregulation, antioxidant and mitochondrial-protective functions, reproductive control, and regulation of mood."	( Melatonin in septic shock: some recent concepts. Cardinali, DP; Kato, H; Pandi-Perumal, SR; Spence, DW; Srinivasan, V, 2010)	2.52
"Melatonin, which plays an important role in circadian rhythm regulation, is highly potent endogenous free radical scavenger and antioxidant. "	( Effect of melatonin on neuroinflammation and acetylcholinesterase activity induced by LPS in rat brain. Agrawal, R; Nath, C; Shukla, R; Tyagi, E, 2010)	2.21
"Melatonin, because of its extraordinary antioxidant and scavenging properties, benefits for endothelium and sympatholytic action, may prove to be a useful protective drug against heart remodelling."	( Remodelling of the heart and vessels in experimental hypertension: advances in protection. Pechanova, O; Simko, F, 2010)	1.08
"Melatonin (MLT) can increase the expression of cartilage-derived growth factor and stimulate the synthesis of cartilage matrix. "	( [Effects of melatonin on expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and interleukin 1beta in articular cartilage of rat with osteoarthritis]. Hu, Y; Huang, C; Liu, J; Xia, C, 2010)	2.18
"Melatonin promotes the development and synchronicity of parasites, thereby enhancing their spread and worsening the clinical implications."	( Melatonin triggers PKA activation in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi. Almeida, FM; Beraldo, FH; Bootman, M; Da Silva, AM; Garcia, CR; Gazarini, ML, 2011)	2.53
"Melatonin plays a protective role in experimental acute pancreatitis (AP) because of its antioxidative, antiinflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. "	( Protective role of endogenous melatonin in the early course of human acute pancreatitis. Belyaev, O; Bolik, B; Herzog, T; Müller, CA; Munding, J; Uhl, W; Vosschulte, A, 2011)	2.1
"Melatonin led to an increase of the Gonado Somatic Index (GSI) associated with the increase of eggs production, and the raise of gene and protein levels of vitellogenin (VTG) and estradiol receptor α (ERα) in the liver."	( Melatonin induces follicle maturation in Danio rerio. Carnevali, O; Gioacchini, G; Maradonna, F; Migliarini, B; Olivotto, I, 2011)	2.53
"Melatonin plays an important role in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle, so this raised the hypothesis that alterations in the metabolism of melatonin might play an important role in the development of delirium."	( The effects of melatonin versus placebo on delirium in hip fracture patients: study protocol of a randomised, placebo-controlled, double blind trial. de Jonghe, A; de Rooij, SE; Goslings, JC; Kloen, P; Korevaar, JC; Levi, MM; van Munster, BC; van Oosten, HE; van Rees, C; van Velde, R; Wolvius, R, 2011)	1.44
"Melatonin does not increase the rate of successfully performed EEG studies in sleep-deprived children."	( Melatonin does not influence sleep deprivation electroencephalogram recordings in children. Gortner, L; Gottschling, S; Gräber, S; Meyer, S; Sander, J; Shamdeen, MG, 2012)	2.54
"Melatonin was found to inhibit KA-induced autophagy-lysosomal activation by reducing KA-induced increases in LC3-II, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (a biomarker of lysosomes) and cathepsin B (a lysosomal cysteine protease)."	( Melatonin attenuates kainic acid-induced neurotoxicity in mouse hippocampus via inhibition of autophagy and α-synuclein aggregation. Chang, CF; Huang, HJ; Hung, KC; Lee, HC; Lin, AM; Wu, RT, 2012)	2.54
"Melatonin can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of fibroblasts in hypertrophic scar through regulating the gene expressions of cyclin E, p53, and Fas."	( [Effect of melatonin on proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblasts in human hypertrophic scar]. Dai, LB; Du, GW; Liu, SJ; Xie, YF; Zhang, JC, 2011)	2.2
"Melatonin promotes bone formation and prevents bone degradation via receptor-dependent or receptor-independent actions. "	( Sustained release of melatonin from poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres to induce osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Chang, H; Chen, C; Huang, D; Liang, A; Ling, Y; Peng, Y; Su, P; Zhang, J; Zhang, L, 2013)	2.15
"Melatonin promotes cell toxicity caused by cytokines without influencing the actions of chemotherapeutic agents."	( Phenotypic changes caused by melatonin increased sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to cytokine-induced apoptosis. Hevia, D; Mayo, JC; Navarro, M; Quiros-Gonzalez, I; Rodriguez-Garcia, A; Sainz, RM, 2013)	1.4
"Melatonin plays an important role in aging and relevant neurodegeneration as an antioxidant and neuroprotector. "	( Melatonin premedication attenuates isoflurane anesthesia-induced β-amyloid generation and cholinergic dysfunction in the hippocampus of aged rats. Guo, X; Jia, D; Li, M; Luo, A; Ni, C; Qian, M; Tan, G; Tang, Y; Wang, J; Wu, C; Zhang, Y; Zhou, Y, 2013)	3.28
"Melatonin caused the increase in the pain threshold of the mechanical allodynia and the slight increase in the threshold of the thermal hyperalgesia."	( Exogenous melatonin abolishes mechanical allodynia but not thermal hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain. The role of the opioid system and benzodiazepine-gabaergic mechanism. Machowska, A; Nowak, L; Thor, PJ; Wordliczek, J; Zurowski, D, 2012)	1.5
"The melatonin-mediated increase in MT(1) melatonin receptor expression upon withdrawal was not mediated through either a direct effect of the hormone in the promoter's vector or in the rate of mRNA degradation."	( Melatonin differentially modulates the expression and function of the hMT1 and hMT2 melatonin receptors upon prolonged withdrawal. Dubocovich, ML; Masana, MI; Witt-Enderby, PA, 2003)	2.24
"Melatonin plays a role in the biologic regulation of circadian rhythms, including sleep. "	( Impaired nocturnal melatonin secretion in non-dipper hypertensive patients. Garfinkel, D; Grossman, E; Jonas, M; Laudon, M; Zisapel, N, 2003)	2.09
"Melatonin did not produce any sleep benefit in this sample of patients with primary insomnia."	( Treatment of primary insomnia with melatonin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Almeida Montes, LG; Cortés Sotres, J; Heinze Martin, G; Ontiveros Uribe, MP, 2003)	2.04
"Melatonin plays several important physiological functions in mammals, such as immune enhancement and regulation of dark-light signal transduction. "	( The effect of melatonin on antioxidant enzymes in human diabetic skin fibroblasts. Bryszewska, M; Kilańczyk, E, 2003)	2.12
"Melatonin can partly inhibit the cytotoxicity of H2O2 and Abeta through its role as a free radical scavenger."	( Protective effect of melatonin on neural cells against the cytotoxicity of oxyradicals. An, Y; Dai, Q; Han, F; Liu, E; Liu, X; Yang, F, 2000)	2.07
"Melatonin did not increase activity until the mid-scotophase activity increase, approximately 6 hours later, showing that the pharmacological dosage persisted in the crabs' systems and had later effects during the incline and peak of activity but not the trough."	( Melatonin and locomotor activity in the fiddler crab Uca pugilator. Khilji, ZS; Owen, JG; Shanahan, JK; Sterio, TW; Thurston, KT; Tilden, AR, 2003)	2.48
"Melatonin plays a central role in fine-tuning circadian rhythms in vertebrate physiology."	( Evidence of melatonin synthesis by human lymphocytes and its physiological significance: possible role as intracrine, autocrine, and/or paracrine substance. Abreu, P; Calvo, JR; Carrillo-Vico, A; García-Mauriño, S; Guerrero, JM; Lardone, PJ; Reiter, RJ, 2004)	1.42
"Melatonin is known to increase neuronal activity in the hippocampus, an effect contrary to that of somatostatin (somatotropin release-inhibiting factor, SRIF). "	( Acutely administered melatonin decreases somatostatin-binding sites and the inhibitory effect of somatostatin on adenylyl cyclase activity in the rat hippocampus. Arilla-Ferreiro, E; Boyano-Adánez Md, Mdel C; Izquierdo-Claros, RM, 2004)	2.09
"Melatonin did not cause any sleep prior to psychomotor testing sessions, but caused sleep and reduced sleep latency after psychomotor test sessions from 1 3/4 h to 4 3/4 h post-ingestion."	( Sleep-inducing pharmaceuticals: a comparison of melatonin, zaleplon, zopiclone, and temazepam. Gray, G; MacLellan, M; Paul, MA; Pigeau, RA, 2004)	1.3
"Melatonin (MEL) displays antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties."	( Effects of ochratoxin a on oxidative damage in rat kidney: protective role of melatonin. Kilinç, I; Ozçelik, N; Soyöz, M, )	1.08
"Melatonin, which plays an important role in circadian rhythm regulation, is highly potent endogenous free radical scavenger and antioxidant. "	( Neuroprotective effects of melatonin against anoxia/aglycemia stress, as assessed by synaptic potentials and superoxide production in rat hippocampal slices. Fukuda, A; Okabe, A; Samejima, M; Uchida, K, 2004)	2.06
"Melatonin, probably because of its free-radical scavenging and antioxidant activity, which involves an inhibitory effect on tissue neutrophil infiltration, protected all the affected tissues."	( Melatonin protects against pancreaticobiliary inflammation and associated remote organ injury in rats: role of neutrophils. Arbak, S; Bangir, D; Barlas, A; Cevik, H; Sener, G; Yeğen, BC; Yeğen, C, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin plays a role in the regulation of biological rhythms, body temperature presents circadian variations with lower levels during nighttime, when melatonin levels are very high, and thyroid hormones influence shiver independent thermogenesis. "	( The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and melatonin in humans: possible interactions in the control of body temperature. Carughi, S; De Cata, A; Giuliani, A; La Viola, M; Mazzoccoli, G; Perfetto, F; Puzzolante, F; Tarquini, R; Urbano, N, 2004)	2.03
"Melatonin potentially plays an important role in aging, prolongation of life span, and health in the aged individual."	( Melatonin, metals, and gene expression: implications in aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Bondy, S; Chen, D; Greig, NH; Lahiri, DK; Lahiri, P; Rogers, JT, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin not only plays an important role in the regulation of circadian rhythms, but also acts as antioxidant and neuroprotector that may be of importance in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD)."	( The human pineal gland and melatonin in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Swaab, DF; Wu, YH, 2005)	1.35
"Melatonin-induced increase in glucose and lactate synthesis was accompanied by an enhancement of alanine and glycerol consumption."	( Melatonin-induced modulation of glucose metabolism in primary cultures of rabbit kidney-cortex tubules. Bryla, J; Derlacz, RA; Jagielski, AK; Napierala, M; Poplawski, P, 2005)	2.49
"Melatonin caused an increase in cytosolic lactate levels that most likely allows the flavone-induced activation of the mitochondrial pyruvate/lactate importer to deliver more substrates to mitochondrial respiration."	( Melatonin potentiates flavone-induced apoptosis in human colon cancer cells by increasing the level of glycolytic end products. Daniel, H; Nickel, A; Wenzel, U, 2005)	2.49
"Melatonin might cause early bone healing and hypertrophic callus."	( The role of melatonin as a link between head injury and enhanced osteogenesis. Kesemenli, CC; Necmioğlu, S, 2005)	1.43
"Melatonin plays an important role in headache disorders, offering new avenues for studying their pathophysiology and treatment."	( Melatonin, the pineal gland and their implications for headache disorders. Peres, MF, 2005)	2.49
"Melatonin plays a role in the biologic regulation of circadian rhythms, sleep, mood, reproduction, tumor growth and aging."	( The role of melatonin in the neurodegenerative diseases. Kotulska, K; Lewin-Kowalik, J; Marcol, W; Olakowska, E, 2005)	1.43
"Melatonin plays a critical role in a variety of mammalian reproductive processes not only acting on the central nervous system but also behaving as a peripheral physiologic regulator. "	( Melatonin as a local regulator of human placental function. Iwasaki, S; Iwashita, M; Kometani, K; Maruyama, T; Nakazawa, K; Sakai, J; Yoshimura, Y, 2005)	3.21
"Melatonin plays a role in the prevention of oxidative damage. "	( Effect of melatonin on lipid peroxidation, glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzyme activities in experimental otitis media with effusion in guinea pigs. Aktan, B; Elmastas, M; Emin Buyukokuroglu, M; Taysi, S; Ucuncu, H, 2005)	2.17
"Melatonin is deemed to inhibit early progression of the chlamydial development cycle, such as establishment of intracellular infection and/or conversion from elementary body to reticulate body."	( Serotonin and melatonin, neurohormones for homeostasis, as novel inhibitors of infections by the intracellular parasite chlamydia. Azuma, Y; Fukunaga, H; Fukushi, H; Miura, K; Murakami, T; Rahman, MA; Shirai, M; Sugi, K; Suzuki, H, 2005)	1.41
"Melatonin plays an important role in certain physiological functions and morphological features of various structures. "	( Neonatal pinealectomy induces Purkinje cell loss in the cerebellum of the chick: a stereological study. Aslan, H; Kaplan, S; Sahin, B; Tunç, AT; Turgut, M; Yurtseven, ME, 2006)	1.78
"Melatonin caused an increase in glutathione level, the activity of glutathione peroxidase as well as glutathione transferase in the examined organs."	( The effect of melatonin on glutathione and glutathione transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the mouse liver and kidney in vivo. Klusek, J; Kołataj, A; Swiderska-Kołacz, G, 2006)	2.14
"Melatonin plays an obvious role in the pathophysiology and treatment of sleep disorders and jetlag."	( [Melatonin: physiological and pathophysiological aspects and possible applications]. Buijs, RM; de Graaff, MJ; Fliers, E; Hoekstra, JB; Holleman, F, 2006)	1.97
"Melatonin displays antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but its levels decrease with age."	( Age-dependent lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS expression and multiorgan failure in rats: effects of melatonin treatment. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Escames, G; López, LC; Ortiz, F; Ros, E, 2006)	1.27
"Melatonin also promotes gene expression of type I collagen, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin in a dose-dependent manner, and stimulated the mineralized matrix formation in vitro."	( Melatonin at pharmacological doses enhances human osteoblastic differentiation in vitro and promotes mouse cortical bone formation in vivo. Kudoh, K; Maeda, E; Nagayama, M; Satomura, K; Tobiume, S; Tokuyama, R; Yamasaki, Y, 2007)	2.5
"Melatonin tended to increase plasma sodium concentration, did decrease plasma osmolality, but did not affect potassium concentration."	( Effect of melatonin on salt gland and kidney function of gulls, Larus glaucescens. Bennett, DC; Gray, DA; Hughes, MR; Kitamura, N; Poon, AM; Sharp, PJ, 2007)	1.46
"Melatonin may inhibit reactive oxygen species-related pathogenesis in the alimentary tract by neutralizing free radicals. "	( Therapeutic effect of melatonin in patients with functional dyspepsia. Blasiak, J; Chojnacki, J; Drzewoski, J; Harasiuk, A; Klupińska, G; Poplawski, T; Reiter, RJ, 2007)	2.1
"Melatonin, because of its antioxidant and antiestrogenic properties could counteract the toxic effects of this metalloestrogen."	( Melatonin prevents the estrogenic effects of sub-chronic administration of cadmium on mice mammary glands and uterus. Alonso-González, C; Cos, S; González, A; Güezmes, A; Martínez-Campa, C; Mazarrasa, O; Mediavilla, MD; Sánchez-Barceló, EJ; Sánchez-Mateos, S, 2007)	2.5
"Melatonin plays a key role in a variety of important physiological functions including influencing cerebral blood vessels. "	( The presence of melatonin receptors and inhibitory effect of melatonin on hydrogen peroxide-induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in bovine cerebral blood vessels. Chetsawang, B; Chucharoen, P; Govitrapong, P; Putthaprasart, C; Srikiatkhachorn, A, 2007)	2.13
"A melatonin-induced increase in the size of the depolarising afterpotential of suprachiasmatic cells might underlie the increased irregularity of spike firing seen during the subjective night time."	( Melatonin modulates spike coding in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Bhumbra, GS; Dyball, RE; Gonzalez, JA; Inyushkin, AN, 2007)	2.34
"Melatonin not only plays a major role in the regulation of circadian rhythms, but is also involved in antioxidative defense and immunomodulation. "	( Cultured rat cortical astrocytes synthesize melatonin: absence of a diurnal rhythm. Liu, YJ; Shen, YX; Tan, ZL; Zhou, JN; Zhu, HY; Zhuang, J, 2007)	2.04
"Melatonin promotes mouse embryo development in vitro. "	( Melatonin effect on bovine embryo development in vitro in relation to oxygen concentration. Modlinski, JA; Papis, K; Poleszczuk, O; Wenta-Muchalska, E, 2007)	3.23
"The melatonin-induced increase of PAA, PAI and PI in spermatozoa was in positive correlation with the increase of testosterone mean value, basal level and number of peaks; the increase of testosterone parameters was greater in autumn compared to spring."	( Melatonin administration increased plasminogen activator activity in ram spermatozoa. Kokolis, NA; Smokovitis, A; Tsantarliotou, MP, 2008)	2.27
"Melatonin plays a role in maintaining sleep-wake rhythms; supplementation may help to regulate sleep disturbance that occur with jet lag, rotating shift-work and depression."	( Neurobiological effects of melatonin as related to cancer. Hoang, BX; Levine, SA; Pham, PT; Shaw, DG, 2007)	1.36
"Melatonin plays an important part in the regulation of various body functions including circadian sleep rhythms, blood pressure, oncogenesis, retinal function, seasonal reproduction, and immunity."	( Melatonin is a potent inhibitor for myeloperoxidase. Abdulhamid, I; Abu-Soud, HM; Galijasevic, S, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin augmented the increase in the eNOS mRNA level, whereas it reduced the increase in the iNOS mRNA level."	( Effect of melatonin on altered expression of vasoregulatory genes during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. Choi, SM; Lee, SM; Park, SW, 2007)	1.46
"Melatonin plays a key role in the circadian timing system. "	( Melatonin negatively correlates with C-peptide after food intake. Dušková, M; Hill, M; Kancheva, R; Rácz, B; Šimůnková, K; Stárka, L, 2008)	3.23
"Melatonin plays a pleiotropic role in the immune system of mammals and birds. "	( Diurnal differences in melatonin effect on intracellular Ca2+ concentration in chicken spleen leukocytes in vitro. Maleszewska, M; Markowska, M; Stepińska, U; Wronka, M, 2008)	2.1
"Melatonin plays a neuroprotective role against brain injury through the activation of Akt and the inhibition of apoptotic cell death. "	( Melatonin prevents the injury-induced decline of Akt/forkhead transcription factors phosphorylation. Koh, PO, 2008)	3.23
"Melatonin displays a dose-dependent immunoregulatory effect in vitro and in vivo. "	( Acute allograft rejection and immunosuppression: influence on endogenous melatonin secretion. Cardell, M; Hillinger, S; Jung, FJ; Korom, S; Manz, B; Weder, W; Welp, A; Zhai, W, 2008)	2.02
"Melatonin did not produce any significant change in plasma glucose level either in the photophase or in the scotophase."	( Diurnal impact of locomotory activity and melatonin and N-acetylserotonin treatment on blood metabolite levels in the rainbow trout. Beamish, FW; George, JC; John, TM, 1983)	1.25
"Melatonin caused an increase in absolute and relative eye weight and an increase in fluid content of intraocular space."	( Increases in volume, fluid content, and lens weight of eyes following systemic administration of melatonin. Quay, WB, 1984)	1.21
"Melatonin does not lower further the very low level of plasma 11-OHCS in hypox rats."	( Effects of alpha-MSH and melatonin on passive avoidance and on PA-induced defecation and plasma 11-OHCS in hypophysectomized rats. Datta, PC; King, MG, 1980)	1.29
"Melatonin did not suppress REM sleep or delay its onset."	( Sleep-inducing effects of low doses of melatonin ingested in the evening. Dollins, AB; Ives, JR; Lynch, HJ; Matheson, JK; Morabito, C; Schomer, DL; Wurtman, RJ; Zhdanova, IV, 1995)	1.28
"Melatonin did not suppress dopamine release below levels seen in darkness."	( Regulation of endogenous dopamine release in amphibian retina by melatonin: the role of GABA. Boatright, JH; Iuvone, PM; Rubim, NM, )	1.09
"Melatonin, likely because of its antioxidant capacity, exerts a protective effect on heart sarcolemmal membrane function in alloxan-injected rats."	( Melatonin prevents the suppression of cardiac Ca(2+)-stimulated ATPase activity induced by alloxan. Chambers, JP; Chen, LD; Kumar, P; Manchester, LC; Poeggeler, B; Reiter, RJ; Saarela, S; Tan, DX, 1994)	2.45
"Melatonin, because it is a potent antioxidant, may provide significant protection against cancer initiation as well as promotion."	( Electromagnetic fields and melatonin production. Reiter, RJ, 1993)	1.3
"Melatonin was shown to produce a tocolytic effect in experiments on the isolated uterine horn in different experimental animals and on the whole body. "	( [The tocolytic activity of melatonin]. Drogovoz, SM; Ryzhenko, IM, )	1.87
"Melatonin's ability to suppress DNA adduct formation may relate to its inhibitory effect on a mixed function oxidase, cytochrome p-450, and on the recently identified hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity of the indole."	( Both physiological and pharmacological levels of melatonin reduce DNA adduct formation induced by the carcinogen safrole. Barlow-Walden, LR; Chen, LD; Manchester, LC; Poeggeler, B; Reiter, RJ; Tan, D, 1994)	1.26
"Melatonin may either inhibit mitosis in actively dividing cells or modulate hEGF action."	( Melatonin inhibits the proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro. Haywood, M; Hernandez, V; Wong, CG; Yu, HS, 1993)	2.45
"Melatonin (MEL) plays a central role in the regulation of seasonal cycles and in the control of circadian rhythms in mammals. "	( Expression and functional characterization of a melatonin-sensitive receptor in Xenopus oocytes. Fauteck, JD; Fischer, B; Madeja, M; Musshoff, U; Speckmann, EJ; Wittkowski, W, 1996)	1.99
"Melatonin had a linear increase throughout the 30 min incubation period with S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-14C]methionine."	( Melatonin in the rat testis: evidence for local synthesis. Pedraza, R; Tijmes, M; Valladares, L, 1996)	2.46
"Melatonin plays the role of an endogenous zeitgeber on core temperature or sleep-wake cycle."	( [Melatonin in humans: a biochemical marker of the circadian clock and an endogenous synchronizer]. Brun, J; Chazot, G; Claustrat, B; Geoffriau, M, 1995)	1.92
"The melatonin-mediated increase in cAMP and decrease in cGMP concentrations were also ablated by E2."	( Interplay between sex steroids and melatonin in regulation of human benign prostate epithelial cell growth. Gilad, E; Matzkin, H; Zisapel, N, 1997)	1.05
"Melatonin did not increase serum corticosterone and did not modify the elevation of serum corticosterone levels by lipopolysaccharide or by interleukin-1."	( Mechanism of the inhibitory effect of melatonin on tumor necrosis factor production in vivo and in vitro. Aquilini, L; Ghezzi, P; Guglielmotti, A; Pinza, M; Sacco, S, 1998)	1.29
"Melatonin was found to inhibit DMPO-O-2 formation in a dose-dependent manner."	( Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by melatonin. Cosma, G; Gardner, H; Vallyathan, V; Zang, LY, 1998)	1.29
"Melatonin did not inhibit estradiol-stimulated proliferation under this protocol."	( Melatonin does not inhibit estradiol-stimulated proliferation in MCF-7 and BG-1 cells. Baldwin, WS; Barrett, JC; Risinger, JI; Travlos, GS, 1998)	2.46
"Melatonin can enhance and suppress constitutive protein secretion from murine melanoma M2R cells in vitro in a cholera-toxin (CTX) sensitive process. "	( Involvement of cGMP in cellular melatonin responses. Bubis, M; Zisapel, N, 1999)	2.03
"Melatonin (MEL) plays an essential role in physiologic functions associated with darkness. "	( Dietary docosahexaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids normalize urinary melatonin excretion in adult (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid-deficient rats. Claustrat, B; Durand, G; Gazzah, N; Gharib, A; Gharib, C; Sarda, N; Zaouali-Ajina, M, 1999)	1.98
"Melatonin plays an important role in patients with hormonal disorders such as hyperprolactinemia and hyperandrogenemia. "	( Endocrinological disorders. Focusing on melatonin's interactions. Blaicher, W; Gruber, DM; Huber, JC; Imhof, MH; Sator, MO; Schneeberger, C, 1999)	2.01
"Melatonin is known to inhibit male and female sex behavior, but this effect has been reported only after repeated administration of sustained doses of the hormone. "	( Acute low doses of melatonin stimulate rat sex behavior: the role of serotonin neurotransmission. Benelli, A; Bertolini, A; Busà, L; Drago, F, 1999)	2.07
"Melatonin displays antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties. "	( Melatonin-induced increased activity of the respiratory chain complexes I and IV can prevent mitochondrial damage induced by ruthenium red in vivo. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Agapito, MT; Escames, G; Macías, M; Martín, M; Ortiz, GG; Reiter, RJ, 2000)	3.19
"The melatonin-induced increase in high-voltage calcium current may increase myocyte contractility and enhance cardiac output."	( Melatonin and its analogs potentiate the nifedipine-sensitive high-voltage-activated calcium current in the chick embryonic heart cells. Lee, PP; Mei, YA; Pang, SF; Wei, H; Zhang, ZH, 2001)	2.23
"Melatonin displays immunomodulating, radioprotective and antitumor activities."	( [Antioxidant and biological activity of melatonin]. Baraboĭ, VA, )	1.12
"Melatonin can enhance cell-mediated immune function and acts as an inhibitory hormone on the song control system."	( Unraveling the enigma: the role of melatonin in seasonal processes in birds. Bentley, GE, 2001)	1.31
"Melatonin may enhance the POMC mRNA expression in the arcuate nucleus of rat hypothalamus."	( Effect of melatonin on pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA expression in arcuate nucleus of rat hypothalamus. Chen, CH; Wu, GC; Xu, SF; Yu, CX, 2000)	2.15
"Melatonin can markedly inhibit the chlorinating activity of MPO at both pH 7 and pH 5."	( Mechanism of reaction of melatonin with human myeloperoxidase. Allegra, M; Furtmüller, PG; Livrea, MA; Obinger, C; Perretti, M; Regelsberger, G; Tesoriere, L; Turco-Liveri, ML, 2001)	1.34
"Melatonin was found to increase IgG1 and IgM responses of aged rats when compared to controls (p = 0.049 and p = 0.007), respectively."	( The effects of melatonin on humoral immune responses of young and aged rats. Akbulut, H; Akbulut, KG; Gönül, B, 2001)	1.38
"Melatonin may produce these effects by activating peripheral receptors or altering autonomic activity."	( Effects of bright light and melatonin on sleep propensity, temperature, and cardiac activity at night. Burgess, HJ; Dawson, D; Gilbert, SS; Savic, N; Sletten, T, 2001)	1.33
"Melatonin (at a much lower dose than vitamin E) was much more efficient than vitamin E in reducing the negative parameters of cholestasis, the degree of oxidative stress and provided a significantly greater hepatoprotective effect against the liver injury secondary to the acute ligation of the biliary duct."	( Melatonin versus vitamin E as protective treatment against oxidative stress after extra-hepatic bile duct ligation in rats. Cruz, A; Gascon, F; Gómez, M; Montilla, P; Muñoz, MC; Padillo, FJ; Pera, C; Túnez, I, 2001)	2.47
"Melatonin plays a significant role in the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. "	( Melatonin receptor activation regulates GnRH gene expression and secretion in GT1-7 GnRH neurons. Signal transduction mechanisms. Belsham, DD; Roy, D, 2002)	3.2
"Melatonin (MEL) displays antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties. "	( Melatonin reduces oxidative stress induced by ochratoxin A in rat liver and kidney. Hussein, AA; Meki, AR, 2001)	3.2
"Melatonin levels were lower for selected ewes (143 +/- 14 pg/mL) than for control ewes (184 +/- 13 pg/mL), and melatonin levels decreased with increases in estimated breeding values (EBV) for fertility (-2.23 +/- 0.79 pg mL(-1) x %(-1))."	( Nocturnal melatonin and prolactin plasma concentrations in sheep selected for fertility in autumn lambing'. Chemineau, P; Notter, DR, 2001)	1.43
"Melatonin induced an increase in both the phagocytosis index and the candidicide capacity."	( Melatonin and aging: in vitro effect of young and mature ring dove physiological concentrations of melatonin on the phagocytic function of heterophils from old ring dove. Barriga, C; Cubero, J; Marchena, JM; Rodriguez, AB; Terron, MP, )	2.3
"Melatonin levels were lower in the Alzheimer disease group (170.55.2 pg/mL) than in the control group (205.25.8 pg/mL) (p<0.001)."	( Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, melatonin, iron, copper, and zinc blood concentrations in patients with Alzheimer disease: cross-sectional study. Delibas, N; Ozcankaya, R, 2002)	1.31
"Thus melatonin treatment can increase the sensitivity of the circadian timing system of young animals to a nonphotic stimulus, and the ability to increase this sensitivity persists into old age, indicating exogenous melatonin might be useful in reversing at least some age-related changes in circadian clock function."	( Feeding melatonin enhances the phase shifting response to triazolam in both young and old golden hamsters. Bennett, KM; Dutton-Boilek, J; Horton, TH; Kolker, DE; Losee Olson, S; Turek, FW; Wallen, EP, 2002)	1.2
"Melatonin did not suppress and even slightly enhanced the capacity of AR binding to the ARE in the PC3-AR as well as in LNCaP cells."	( Differential regulation by melatonin of cell growth and androgen receptor binding to the androgen response element in prostate cancer cells. Lupowitz, Z; Rimler, A; Zisapel, N, 2002)	1.33
"Melatonin was able to enhance the binding of [3H]ouabain to its receptor site, increasing binding affinity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"	( Modulation by pineal gland of ouabain high-affinity binding sites in rat cerebral cortex. Acuña Castroviejo, D; Castillo, JL; del Aguila, CM; Fernández, B; Gomar, MD, 1992)	1
"Melatonin plays an essential role in this type of regulation of gonadotropic function."	( Localization of melatonin binding sites in the pars tuberalis of the mink at three times during the seasonal testicular cycle. Audigier, S; Barberis, C; Boissin, J; Boissin-Agasse, L; Roch, G, 1992)	1.35
"The melatonin-induced increase in serum IGF-I levels was interpreted as a result of increased release of GH during the 10 week period of melatonin administration."	( Melatonin increases serum growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels in male Syrian hamsters via hypothalamic neurotransmitters. Borer, KT; Sheppard, MS; Vriend, J, 1990)	2.2
"Melatonin is known to inhibit GnRH-stimulated LH release from neonatal rat pituitary cells."	( Melatonin inhibits gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced elevation of intracellular Ca2+ in neonatal rat pituitary cells. Klein, DC; Vanecek, J, 1992)	2.45
"Melatonin levels increase dramatically over control levels after the addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP), whereas melatonin levels decrease after butyrate treatment."	( Cyclic AMP and butyrate modulate melatonin synthesis in Y79 human retinoblastoma cells. Chader, GJ; Fletcher, RT; Kyritsis, AP; Wiechmann, AF, 1990)	1.28
"Melatonin did not increase phosphodiesterase activity in ME/PT explants."	( Melatonin signal transduction in hamster brain: inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. Carlson, LL; Reppert, SM; Weaver, DR, 1989)	2.44
"The melatonin-induced increase in OD of the GnRH cell bodies was independent of the distance of the cells from the melatonin implant, and there was little apparent effect of melatonin on the size and morphology of the GnRH cell bodies, or the trajectories of their fiber pathways."	( A brain site for the antigonadal action of melatonin in the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus): involvement of the immunoreactive GnRH neuronal system. Glass, JD; Knotts, LK, 1987)	1.02
"This melatonin increase in HA was due to an elevated peak amplitude (p less than 0.01) and extended duration (p less than 0.05)."	( Amplification of nocturnal melatonin secretion in women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. Berga, SL; Mortola, JF; Yen, SS, 1988)	1.03
"Melatonin caused an increase in action-potential duration that was associated not with an increase in action-potential amplitude, but with a decrease in action-potential rise rates."	( Effects of pineal factors on the action potentials of sympathetic neurons. Oswald, RE; Papke, RL; Podleski, TR, 1986)	0.99
"Mean melatonin values were lower in patients with solid tumours who had metastases, than in cases without metastases."	( The clinical significance of melatonin serum determination in oncological patients and its correlations with GH and PRL blood levels. Bajetta, E; Bastone, A; di Bella, L; Esposti, D; Esposti, G; Lissoni, P; Mauri, R; Rovelli, F; Sala, R; Viviani, S, 1987)	1.02
"Melatonin did not produce any significant cardiovascular or ventilatory effects in any of the experiments."	( Lack of cardiovascular or ventilatory effects of melatonin in rats. Ekholm, S; Karppanen, H, 1986)	1.25

Treatment

Melatonin treatment inhibits proliferation and migration and enhanced apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. Melatonin treatment may have a therapeutic effect against sepsis since it prevents the increase in serum VEGF level.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The melatonin-treated patients had more ventilator-free days than placebo-treated patients over the 28-day (16.90 ± 9.24 vs."	( A pilot study on the melatonin treatment in patients with early septic shock: results of a single-center randomized controlled trial. Abdoli, E; Mehrpooya, M; Mohammadi, Y; Shokoohmand, F; Taher, A, 2022)	1.52
"Melatonin treatment inhibit the key CIC pathway, Rho/ROCK, through the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, interfering with the mitochondrial physiology of OS cells, and thus playing an anti-invasion and anti-metastasis role in OS."	( 3D-printing magnesium-polycaprolactone loaded with melatonin inhibits the development of osteosarcoma by regulating cell-in-cell structures. Cheng, Z; Li, Q; Qu, J; Yuan, Z; Zhang, W; Zhang, Z; Zhao, D; Zhao, W; Zhu, X; Zhuang, X, 2021)	1.59
"Melatonin treatment inhibited proliferation and migration and enhanced apoptosis of bladder cancer cells."	( Melatonin reduces proliferation and promotes apoptosis of bladder cancer cells by suppressing O-GlcNAcylation of cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5. Gou, J; Guan, F; Jiang, Y; Li, H; Li, X; Liang, L; Lin, M; Ma, Q; Ning, L; Tan, Z; Wu, J, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin treatment may have a therapeutic effect against sepsis since it prevents the increase in serum VEGF level."	( Investigation of the effect of melatonin administration on inflammatory mediators; MMP-2, TGF-β and VEGF levels in rats with sepsis. Betül Tuncer, F; Boz, M; Çakıroğlu, H; Çokluk, E; Doğanay, S; Ramazan Şekeroğlu, M, 2021)	1.63
"Melatonin treatment significantly downregulated the expression of lncRNA JPX in Saos-2, MG63 and U2OS cells."	( Anticancer effects of melatonin via regulating lncRNA JPX-Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in human osteosarcoma cells. Du, J; Li, B; Li, Y; Zou, J, 2021)	1.66
"Melatonin pretreatment effectively rescued Sev-induced Wnt suppression."	( Melatonin pretreatment alleviates the long-term synaptic toxicity and dysmyelination induced by neonatal Sevoflurane exposure via MT1 receptor-mediated Wnt signaling modulation. Guo, B; Liang, L; Lu, R; Mao, Z; Tang, W; Wang, Y; Wu, S; Xie, R; Yang, X; Zeng, T; Zhang, H; Zhang, L; Zhao, Y, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin treatment reversed the abnormal expression of proteins in the signaling pathway of lysosomes, pathologic phagocytosis of microglia, and mitochondrial energy metabolism."	( Melatonin ameliorates cognitive deficits through improving mitophagy in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Chen, C; Huang, X; Li, S; Liu, GP; Liu, J; Wang, J; Yang, C; Yang, X; Yu, H; Zhang, Z, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin treatment for 7 days showed a decrease in seizure intensity (28%), latency to reach score 5 (14 min), and duration of SE (29%)."	( Melatonin Pretreatment Protects Against Status epilepticus, Glutamate Transport, and Oxidative Stress Induced by Kainic Acid in Zebrafish. Baldin, SL; Bernardo, HT; de Farias, ACS; de Pieri Pickler, K; Dondossola, ER; Rico, EP, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin treatment of aging GECs significantly increased MT1 and MT2 expression compared with the controls, induced nuclear translocation of MT1, and significantly ameliorated the aging-related impairment of angiogenesis and mitochondrial function."	( Melatonin ameliorates aging-related impaired angiogenesis in gastric endothelial cells via local actions on mitochondria and VEGF-survivin signaling. Ahluwalia, A; Brzozowska, I; Hoa, N; Jones, MK; Patel, K; Tarnawski, AS, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin or insulin treatment alone or in combination resulted in significant restoration of the relative expression of both melatonin receptors in the renal cortex."	( Coadministration of Melatonin and Insulin Improves Diabetes-Induced Impairment of Rat Kidney Function. Brown, GM; Cardinali, DP; Hajam, YA; Pandi-Perumal, SR; Rai, S; Reiter, RJ, 2022)	1.77
"Melatonin treatment decreased mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and increased the JC-1 (5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro1,1',3,3'-tetramethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide) aggregate/monomer ratio in the live KGN cells treated with DHT, indicating melatonin mediates mPTP to increase mitochondrial membrane potential."	( Melatonin enhances SIRT1 to ameliorate mitochondrial membrane damage by activating PDK1/Akt in granulosa cells of PCOS. Ding, M; Meng, J; Zhang, Y; Zheng, B; Zhou, J; Zhu, Y, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin treatment also suppressed the CS-exposure-induced upregulation of cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, reduced the PDE4B expression, and elevated cAMP levels."	( The Involvement of PDE4 in the Protective Effects of Melatonin on Cigarette-Smoke-Induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Cho, YK; Kim, JC; Kim, JS; Kim, WI; Lee, SJ; Lim, JO; Pak, SW; Shin, IS, 2021)	1.59
"Melatonin treatment exhibited improved histological damage, neurological outcomes, and cerebral infarct size."	( Melatonin ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic mice by enhancing autophagy via the SIRT1-BMAL1 pathway. Cao, Q; Gao, W; Li, BY; Liu, L; Xia, Z; Zeng, C; Zhao, B, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin treatment ameliorated BCAA-induced atrial damage and reversed BCAA-induced down-regulation of atrial PKGIα expression, CREB phosphorylation as well as KLF15 expression."	( Activation of PKG-CREB-KLF15 by melatonin attenuates Angiotensin II-induced vulnerability to atrial fibrillation via enhancing branched-chain amino acids catabolism. Dong, X; Huang, YT; Luo, LY; Wang, HS; Wang, ZS; Xu, DY; Xu, YL; Xue, XD; Yu, LM; Zhao, JK; Zhao, QS; Zhou, ZJ, 2022)	1.73
"Melatonin treatment led to a reduced activity of Rac1, which was responsible for Foxo3a downregulation and decreased cell injury in OGD/R-exposed H9c2 cells."	( Melatonin protects H9c2 cardiomyoblasts from oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion-induced injury by inhibiting Rac1/JNK/Foxo3a/Bim signaling pathway. Jian, Y; Ni, B; Pan, C; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Zhang, X, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin treatment before gonadectomy suppressed oxidative stress and the cortisol but increased serotonin level."	( Effects of short-term administration of melatonin before gonadectomy on oxidative stress, cortisol and sex hormones in male dogs. Gharibnavaz, M; Khanbazi, MH; Mogheiseh, A; Nazifi, S; Nikahval, B; Zamani, R, 2022)	1.71
"Melatonin posttreatment (t = -15, 0, 5, 10, 15, and 30 min) significantly inhibited excessive mitophagy after A/R injury, reduced cellular apoptosis and oxidative stress, restored mitochondrial function and MMP, and restrained mPTP opening."	( Temporal effect of melatonin posttreatment on anoxia/reoxygenation injury in H9c2 cells. Bai, Y; Cui, B; Lin, D; Ma, J; Wang, Z; Yang, Y, 2022)	1.77
"Melatonin treatment can be considered as an environmentally sustainable, non-harmful-to-human-health alternative for the postharvest preservation of highbush blueberry fruit."	( Melatonin treatment reduces qualitative decay and improves antioxidant system in highbush blueberry fruit during cold storage. Magri, A; Petriccione, M, 2022)	2.89
"The melatonin treatment group showed a reduction in osteoclastogenesis transcription factors and ATP6v0d2 gene expression."	( Melatonin Attenuates RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis via Inhibition of Atp6v0d2 and DC-STAMP through MAPK and NFATc1 Signaling Pathways. Jeong, SP; Kim, IR; Kim, SS; Park, BS, 2022)	2.64
"Melatonin treatment of varicocele rats displayed antioxidant/anti-apoptotic efficacy and improved reproductive hormones axis, CatSper expression and fertility parameters."	( Melatonin epigenetic potential on testicular functions and fertility profile in varicocele rat model is mediated by silent information regulator 1. Abdel Ghafar, MT; Abo El Gheit, RE; Alshenawy, HA; Badawi, GA; El-Saka, MH; El-Sayed, RM; Elswaidy, NRM; Emam, MN; Ibrahim, MAA; Kamel, S; Khaled, HE; Madi, NM; Nagla, SA; Radwan, DA; Soliman, NA; Younis, RL, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin treatment mitigated Oxa-induced colitis by suppressing type 2 immune response."	( Melatonin Mitigates Oxazolone-Induced Colitis in Microbiota-Dependent Manner. Cui, YY; Feng, BC; Jin, BY; Kou, GJ; Li, LX; Li, SY; Li, YQ; Liu, J; Shen, J; Yuan, X; Zhai, YJ; Zhao, ZX; Zheng, MQ; Zhou, RC; Zuo, XL, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin treatment also led to an increased level of apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC), which was inhibited by FOXO3a siRNA."	( Melatonin Inhibits OGD/R-Induced H9c2 Cardiomyocyte Pyroptosis via Regulation of MT2/miR-155/FOXO3a/ARC Axis. Chen, R; Yang, M, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin treatment was reported to reduce the risk of cardiac arrhythmias, and crucial for this antiarrhythmic action was the effect of melatonin on activation spread. "	( Melatonin treatment improves ventricular conduction via upregulation of Nav1.5 channel proteins and sodium current in the normal rat heart. Azarov, JE; Bernikova, OG; Durkina, AV; Gonotkov, MA; Kuzmin, VS; Malykhina, IA; Mikhaleva, NJ; Sedova, KA; Velegzhaninov, IO, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin pretreatment could restore circadian rhythm process by regulating circadian factor expression through post-translational modulation and prohibit the over-synthesis of melatonin in pineal gland."	( Melatonin pretreatment prevents propofol-induced sleep disturbance by modulating circadian rhythm in rats. Dong, HJ; Li, JC; Li, S; Li, Y; Wang, HL; Xue, R; Yin, XL; Zhang, Y; Zhang, YZ, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin PR treatment significantly reduced the ESS scores from T0 to T1, while the PSQI scores presented a trend of improvement from T0 to T1."	( Effects of melatonin prolonged-release on both sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a preliminary evidence. Cerroni, R; Fernandes, M; Liguori, C; Ludovisi, R; Mercuri, NB; Pierantozzi, M; Stefani, A, 2022)	1.83
"Melatonin treatment resulted in notable attenuation of ocular inflammation in EAU mice, evidenced by decreasing optic disc edema, few signs of retinal vasculitis, and minimal retinal and choroidal infiltrates. "	( Melatonin, an endogenous hormone, modulates Th17 cells via the reactive-oxygen species/TXNIP/HIF-1α axis to alleviate autoimmune uveitis. Chen, G; Chen, Q; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Hu, Y; Huang, H; Huang, J; Li, Z; Liang, D; Su, W; Xie, Y; Zhu, W, 2022)	3.61
"Melatonin treatment or its co-administration with HRT upregulated the expressions of IL-10 and SIRT1, reduced the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α, and reduced DNA damage in the hearts and thoracic aortae of non-exercised rats."	( Melatonin Alleviates Ovariectomy-Induced Cardiovascular Inflammation in Sedentary or Exercised Rats by Upregulating SIRT1. Altınoluk, T; Arabacı Tamer, S; Baykal, Z; Çevik, Ö; Dur, ZS; Emran, M; Ercan, F; Korkmaz, S; Levent, HN; Ural, MA; Yeğen, BÇ; Yıldırım, A; Yüksel, M; Yüksel, RG, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin treatment, however, was seen to decrease the increase in oxidative stress and ameliorate the impairment in coagulation factors."	( Hematotoxicity of Co-Administration of Bisphenol A and Acetaminophen in Rats and its Amelioration by Melatonin. Akhter, MS; Alshahrani, S; Dobie, G; Hamali, HA; Madkhali, AM; Mobarki, AA; Qadri, M; Rashid, H, 2023)	1.85
"Melatonin treatment enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes in soybean seedling roots and reduced ROS accumulation."	( Exogenous melatonin enhances soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedling tolerance to saline-alkali stress by regulating antioxidant response and DNA damage repair. Chen, S; Du, J; Du, Y; Ren, C; Wang, G; Yu, G; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z; Zhao, Q, 2022)	1.85
"Melatonin treatment also enhanced lymphatic drainage in all it links (including interstitial non-vascular pathways and lymphatic vessels) and improved structural and functional parameters of blood circulation and lymph flow in the organ, which created conditions for reducing metabolic load on structural elements of the liver."	( Effect of Melatonin on the Expression of LYVE-1 Receptor in Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells of Mice with the Light-Induced Functional Pinealectomy Model. Arkhipov, SA; Ishchenko, IY; Michurina, SV, 2022)	1.85
"Melatonin treatment altered the transcriptomes of GCs of patients with poor ART outcomes so that they were similar to the transcriptomes of patients with good ART outcomes."	( Effects of Melatonin on the Transcriptome of Human Granulosa Cells, Fertilization and Blastocyst Formation. Doi-Tanaka, Y; Fujimura, T; Kawamoto-Jozaki, M; Mihara, Y; Shirafuta, Y; Sugino, N; Taketani, T; Tamura, H; Tamura, I, 2022)	1.83
"Melatonin-treated group showed accelerated bone formation and advanced maturity, with a significant twofold increase in newly formed inter-radicular bone compared with the unloaded composite. "	( Regeneration of critical-sized grade II furcation using a novel injectable melatonin-loaded scaffold. Abdelrasoul, M; El-Fattah, AA; Essawy, M; Kamaldin, J; Kandil, S; Kotry, G; Ramadan, O, 2023)	2.58
"Melatonin treatment has benefitted neonates with hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury."	( Human-rat integrated microRNAs profiling identified a new neonatal cerebral hypoxic-ischemic pathway melatonin-sensitive. Albertini, MC; Balduini, W; Buonocore, G; Carloni, S; Coppari, S; Longini, M; Melandri, D; Mohammadi, A; Negrini, M; Perrone, S; Rocchi, MBL; Sura, L; Vanzolini, T; Weiss, MD, 2022)	1.66
"Melatonin treatment attenuated cytotoxicity, suppressed oxidative stress, restored mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased mitochondrial mass in response to Cd exposure."	( Melatonin improves mitochondrial function by preventing mitochondrial fission in cadmium-induced rat proximal tubular cell injury via SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway activation. Chen, S; Dong, W; Gong, Z; Liu, G; Liu, W; Liu, Z; Song, R; Tan, Y; Yan, L; Zhang, K; Zhu, J; Zou, H, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin co-treatment with LPS improve these detrimental changes proposing melatonin as a potent therapeutic candidate against ovarian dysfunction induced by endotoxin."	( Melatonin attenuates LPS-induced ovarian toxicity via modulation of SIRT-1, PI3K/pAkt, pErk1/2 and NFĸB/COX-2 expressions. Haldar, C; Pal, S; Verma, R, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin treatment promoted AMPK activation suppressed by DEHP, and activated AMPK recovered the balance of Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser616 and Ser637 sites and enhanced PGC-1α expression."	( Melatonin attenuates di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced apoptosis of human granulosa cells by inhibiting mitochondrial fission. Cao, Y; Li, S; Wei, Z; Xue, R; Zhang, Z, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin treatment was investigated to assess the beneficial effects on injured steroidogenic function in DM due to its regulatory roles in mitochondria and autophagy."	( Melatonin ameliorates diabetic hyperglycaemia-induced impairment of Leydig cell steroidogenic function through activation of SIRT1 pathway. Lin, S; Lv, Z; Wang, P; Zhang, S, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin treatment ameliorated hyperglycaemia-induced impairment of Leydig cell function with simultaneous stimulation of 5'-adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK)/SIRT1 activity and the expression of autophagy-related genes."	( Melatonin ameliorates diabetic hyperglycaemia-induced impairment of Leydig cell steroidogenic function through activation of SIRT1 pathway. Lin, S; Lv, Z; Wang, P; Zhang, S, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin treatment suppresses ferroptosis and alleviates kidney injury in the context of experimental sepsis by upregulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway."	( Melatonin suppresses ferroptosis via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in the mouse model of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. An, S; Chen, Z; Gao, Y; Li, J; Lin, B; Lin, X; Qiu, W; Wang, T; Yu, B; Zeng, Z, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin treatment reversed the harmful effects of hyperglycemia on EPC through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-related mechanisms to increase eNOS phosphorylation and heme oxygenase-1 expression."	( Melatonin Improves Ischemia-Induced Circulation Recovery Impairment in Mice with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes by Improving the Endothelial Progenitor Cells Functioning. Chen, CY; Chou, RH; Huang, HL; Huang, PH; Kuo, CS; Lin, SJ; Tsai, HY; Wei, JH, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin treatment dose-dependently inhibited the proliferative ability and the expression of histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7), c-Myc and ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10 (USP10) in ESCC cells (P < 0.05). "	( Melatonin inhibits ESCC tumor growth by mitigating the HDAC7/β-catenin/c-Myc positive feedback loop and suppressing the USP10-maintained HDAC7 protein stability. Feng, YT; Guo, K; Han, J; Hu, Y; Huang, D; Liu, D; Lu, D; Ma, ZQ; Pan, MH; Shao, CJ; Wang, JL; Yan, XL; Yang, B; Zhang, F; Zhang, YM; Zhang, YX, 2022)	3.61
"In melatonin-treated fishes, significant amelioration of oxidative stress was observed with reduced levels of MDA and pro-inflammatory cytokines."	( Melatonin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide induced brain inflammation through modulation of oxidative status and diminution of cytokine rush in Danio rerio. Chakraborty, SB; Maiti, AK; Moniruzzaman, M; Saha, I; Saha, NC, 2022)	2.68
"The melatonin treatment blocked the loss of spine density of stubby type."	( The effects of regular swimming exercise and melatonin on the neurons localized in the striatum of hemiparkinsonian rats. Boracı, H; Gergin, S; Kirazlı, Ö; Şehirli, ÜS; Yananlı, HR; Yıldız, SD, 2023)	1.65
"Melatonin treatment can reinforce mitochondrial functions by upregulating TOM20."	( Melatonin promoted osteogenesis of human periodontal ligament cells by regulating mitochondrial functions through the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 20. Fan, W; He, H; Huang, F; Liu, J; Sun, H; Zheng, M, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin treatment did not significantly improve subjective sleep quality, pain, quality of life or opioid use."	( Effectiveness of melatonin treatment for sleep disturbance in orthopaedic trauma patients: A prospective, randomized control trial. Bishop, J; Calderon, C; Fithian, A; Gardner, M; Schultz, B; Segovia, N; Tanner, N, 2022)	1.78
"Melatonin treatment ameliorated the histomorphology of knee joint in rats compared to the model group. "	( Melatonin ameliorates osteoarthritis rat cartilage injury by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Bi, B; Cao, Z; Cheng, G; Wu, H; Zhao, Y; Zhao, Z; Zheng, M, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin treatment can effectively diminish the cartilage injury. "	( Melatonin ameliorates osteoarthritis rat cartilage injury by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Bi, B; Cao, Z; Cheng, G; Wu, H; Zhao, Y; Zhao, Z; Zheng, M, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin treatment significantly enhanced the growth (total dry weight) of the Lemna aequinoctialis culture. "	( Exogenous melatonin enhances the growth and production of bioactive metabolites in Lemna aequinoctialis culture by modulating metabolic and lipidomic profiles. Baek, G; Choi, HK; Ko, J; Lee, H, 2022)	2.57
"Melatonin pretreatment significantly inhibited pathological injury, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in LPS-treated lung tissues and LPS-treated lung epithelial cells."	( A novel mechanism for the protection against acute lung injury by melatonin: mitochondrial quality control of lung epithelial cells is preserved through SIRT3-dependent deacetylation of SOD2. Chenzhen, X; Donghang, L; Guorui, L; Ning, L; Qing, G; Rui, X; Tinglv, F; Xiaojing, W, 2022)	1.68
"Melatonin treatment increased the activities of tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H), serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) and N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT), leading to the enrichment of endogenous melatonin content in broccoli florets."	( Melatonin treatment delays postharvest senescence of broccoli with regulation of carotenoid metabolism. Cao, S; Chen, Y; Jiang, S; Lou, J; Shao, X; Wang, H; Wei, Y; Wu, C; Xu, F, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin treatment increased plasma melatonin concentration and restored circadian rhythm. "	( Melatonin Treatment of Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder in Obese Children Affects the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Level. Hu, B; Huang, X; Huang, Y, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin treatment effectively improved CRSWD among obese children with their serum BDNF levels increased, indicating that BDNF is a key regulator in CRSWD in obese children. "	( Melatonin Treatment of Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder in Obese Children Affects the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Level. Hu, B; Huang, X; Huang, Y, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin treatment significantly improved hearing, decreased cytosolic mtDNA, suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-β, Ifit3, and Cxcl10, down-regulated cGAS and STING expression, and attenuated IRF3 phosphorylation in the C57BL/6J mouse cochlea, inferior colliculus, and auditory cortex."	( Melatonin Suppresses Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes Signaling and Delays the Development of Hearing Loss in the C57BL/6J Presbycusis Mouse Model. Chen, H; Huang, J; Lin, X; Liu, J; Su, J; Tan, M; Xu, W; Zhu, X, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin treatment significantly reduced H"	( Postharvest melatonin treatment enhanced antioxidant activity and promoted GABA biosynthesis in yellow-flesh peach. Hao, W; Liu, C; Wu, C; Yan, L; Zhang, H; Zhang, J; Zheng, L, 2023)	2.01
"Melatonin treatments significantly improved the expression of antioxidants, gonadotropin receptors, and cell cycle regulatory genes in the ovary, whereas only FW treatment upregulated steroidogenic acute regulatory gene."	( Melatonin administration during the first half of pregnancy improves the reproductive performance of rabbits: Emphasis on ovarian and placental functions. El-Bassiony, MF; El-Hawy, AS; Ghanem, N; Hashem, NM; Radwan, MA; Saber, A, 2023)	3.07
"The melatonin treatment significantly reduced T24 and UMUC3 bladder cancer cell proliferation and clonogenic ability."	( Melatonin induces cell cycle arrest and suppresses tumor invasion in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma. Chang, YC; Chen, SL; Dong, C; Hsieh, TY; Lee, TH; Lu, LY; Sung, WW; Yu, CY, 2023)	2.83
"Melatonin treatment improved redox imbalance with reduced TBARS levels, increased SOD activity, and normalized CAT activity to baseline."	( Melatonin improves behavioral parameters and oxidative stress in zebrafish submitted to a leucine-induced MSUD protocol. Alano, CG; da Silva Lemos, I; da Silva, GL; Dondossola, ER; Duarte, MB; Effting, PS; Medeiros, BZ; Rico, EP; Streck, EL; Torres, CA, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin treatment, however, improved their nursing behaviour and reduced their plasma corticosterone levels."	( Postnatal melatonin administration to stressed dams for ameliorating risk-taking behaviour in rat pups through maternal care improvement. Bagheri, F; Goudarzi, I, 2023)	2.03
"Melatonin treatment appears able to moderate and partially reverse this detrimental drift toward immune incompetence."	( Melatonin and Aging. Bondy, SC, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin treatment lowered the total cell count within the culture, elevated necrotic and apoptotic cell count as well as augmented cardiac fibroblast proliferation, and increased total, intracellular, and extracellular collagen within the fibroblast culture; it also elevated type III procollagen α1 chain expression, without increasing procollagen type I mRNA production. "	( Melatonin increases collagen content accumulation and Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 secretion in cultured human cardiac fibroblasts. Drobnik, J; Drobnik, M; Gałdyszyńska, M; Kędzia, A; Piera, L; Rydel, J; Ryżko, J; Szymański, J; Tomaszewska, A, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin pretreatment also retained the sperm quality at all time points investigated."	( Systematic assessment of hexavalent chromium-induced damage to male fertility and the preventive role of melatonin: a longitudinal study from the translational point of view. Guo, M; Li, T; Liu, R; Lv, Y; Wu, Z; Zeng, W; Zheng, Y, 2023)	1.85
"Melatonin treatment also markedly reduced 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (P < 0.05) and apoptotic genes Caspase-3, Bim, and Bax in the follicle."	( Melatonin alleviates ovarian function damage and oxidative stress induced by dexamethasone in the laying hens through FOXO1 signaling pathway. Bai, K; Chen, H; Chen, YF; Hao, E; Huang, CX; Huang, RL; Shi, L; Wang, DH; Yue, QX, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin treatment following CI reduced the infarct area and induced the autophagic proteins Beclin-1, LC3, and p62 by inhibiting the apoptotic caspase-3 protein. "	( Melatonin Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Inducing Autophagy. Gul, M; Gul, S; Koc, A; Sandal, S; Tanbek, K; Yilmaz, U, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin treatment achieved anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects with reduced NF-κB pathway activation, reduced mitochondrial cytochrome C release, decreased calpain-mediated spectrin breakdown product (SBDP), and decreased caspase-3-mediated SBDP."	( Melatonin mitigates type 1 diabetes-aggravated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Cheung, RTF; Xu, Q, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin treatment is neuroprotective against CIRI in T1DM rats via anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects."	( Melatonin mitigates type 1 diabetes-aggravated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Cheung, RTF; Xu, Q, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin treatment also increased the volume of mesophyll cells, the numbers of chloroplast and starch grains, the contents of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids in soybean seedling leaves treated with SS, thereby increasing the efficiency of effective light capture and electron transfer and improving photosynthesis."	( Exogenous melatonin mitigates saline-alkali stress by decreasing DNA oxidative damage and enhancing photosynthetic carbon metabolism in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) leaves. Du, J; Du, Y; Gu, Y; Hu, J; Ma, Y; Shen, W; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhao, Q, )	1.26
"Melatonin treatment significantly reduced methane production in both studies. "	( Effects of melatonin on rumen microorganisms and methane production in dairy cow: results from in vitro and in vivo studies. Fu, Y; Guan, S; Han, H; Li, S; Liu, G; Liu, X; Liu, Y; Lu, Y; Lv, D; Ma, X; Wang, T; Yang, N; Yao, S; Yao, Y; Yu, H, 2023)	2.74
"Melatonin treatment caused hSCAPs to show an increase of genes related to osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation."	( The effects of melatonin on the viability and osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of human stem cells from the apical papilla. Abbasi, R; Karkehabadi, H; Khoshbin, E; Najafi, R, 2023)	1.98
"Melatonin treatment enhanced osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of hSCAPs with a dose dependent effect on cell viability."	( The effects of melatonin on the viability and osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of human stem cells from the apical papilla. Abbasi, R; Karkehabadi, H; Khoshbin, E; Najafi, R, 2023)	2.71
"Melatonin treatment significantly decreased the migration and contraction capacity, collagen and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) production in HSFs."	( Melatonin inhibits fibroblast cell functions and hypertrophic scar formation by enhancing autophagy through the MT2 receptor-inhibited PI3K/Akt /mTOR signaling. Cao, X; Chen, C; Chen, M; Deng, W; Dong, Y; Hu, Z; Huang, J; Long, Q; Luo, S; Lv, D; Rong, Y; Tang, B; Wang, H; Xu, Z, 2024)	3.61
"Melatonin treatment increased the expression of neuronal sirtuin1 (SIRT1) in DRGs following nerve injury."	( Melatonin Improves Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Attenuates Neuropathic Pain by Regulating SIRT1 in Dorsal Root Ganglions. Chen, J; Fang, Q; Huang, H; Liu, X; Shi, Y; Wang, Y; Wu, W; Yao, M; Zeng, Y; Zhan, H; Zhang, X; Zhong, X, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin was a useful treatment to relieve climacteric symptoms and improve sleep, mood, and life quality in perimenopausal women without obvious adverse reactions."	( Influence of Melatonin Treatment on Emotion, Sleep, and Life Quality in Perimenopausal Women: A Clinical Study. Jiang, B; Zhang, J, 2023)	2.72
"Melatonin treatment decreased JEV replication and JEV-mediated neurotoxicity. "	( Melatonin inhibits Japanese encephalitis virus replication and neurotoxicity via calcineurin-autophagy pathways. Eo, SK; Hong, JM; Moon, JH; Park, BY; Park, SY; Seol, JW, 2023)	3.8
"Melatonin treatment reversed the abnormal expression of mitophagy proteins, mitochondrial energy metabolism, the activity of microglia, and impaired cognition."	( Melatonin-mediated mitophagy protects against long-term impairments after repeated neonatal sevoflurane exposures. Niu, Y; Qiu, L; Sun, J; Xia, J; Yang, J; Zhang, H, 2023)	3.07
"Melatonin Treatment Ameliorates Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Impairment of Erectile Function in a Rat Model."	( Melatonin Treatment Ameliorates Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Impairment of Erectile Function in a Rat Model. Cui, K; Liu, J; Ruan, Y; Song, J; Tang, Z; Wang, S; Wang, T; Yang, J; Yu, Z, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin treatment alleviated these effects induced by RA, increasing the amount of trabecular bone in OP mice, improving the microstructure of the femur and vertebra(L1) and increasing bone mass bone density and the expression of ALP, as well as decreasing the number of osteoclasts."	( Melatonin prevents bone destruction in mice with retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis. Gao, B; Huang, D; Li, Y; Lian, C; Liang, A; Liang, T; Liao, Z; Peng, Y; Qiu, J; Qiu, X; Su, P; Wang, X; Xu, C; Yang, X; Zhou, H; Zhu, Y, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin treatment significantly suppressed the ASK1 upregulation and the phosphorylation of ASK1, MKK3/6, MKK4/7, p38, and JNK."	( Melatonin safeguards against fatty liver by antagonizing TRAFs-mediated ASK1 deubiquitination and stabilization in a β-arrestin-1 dependent manner. Hua, X; Huang, G; Ji, QX; Li, DJ; Li, YH; Meng, HB; Shen, FM; Tong, J; Wang, P; Zeng, FY; Zhang, GY; Zhang, WJ; Zhu, JH, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin pretreatment positively increased the heat tolerance of tomato seedlings by improving their antioxidant defense mechanism, inducing ascorbate-glutathione cycle, and reprogramming the PAs metabolic and NO biosynthesis pathways. "	( Melatonin alleviates heat-induced damage of tomato seedlings by balancing redox homeostasis and modulating polyamine and nitric oxide biosynthesis. Chen, Z; Guo, S; He, M; Jahan, MS; Shu, S; Sun, J; Tao, M; Wang, Y, 2019)	3.4
"In melatonin-treated OP BMMSCs, intracellular oxidative stress was significantly attenuated, while levels of intracellular antioxidant enzymes were noticeably up-regulated - particularly superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1)."	( Melatonin restores the osteoporosis-impaired osteogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by preserving SIRT1-mediated intracellular antioxidant properties. Chen, AC; Chen, W; Chen, X; He, F; Liu, T; Pan, G; Pei, M; Shi, Q; Yang, H, 2020)	2.51
"Melatonin treatment and, to a lesser extent, water restriction enhanced the 24-h component, suggesting a potential role in ameliorating the disruptive effects of shift work."	( Melatonin alleviates circadian system disruption induced by chronic shifts of the light-dark cycle in Octodon degus. Bano-Otalora, B; Madrid, JA; Rol, MA, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin treatment enhanced functional recovery after ESN, compared to the saline treated group."	( Melatonin Promotes Nerve Regeneration Following End-to-Side Neurorrhaphy by Accelerating Cytoskeletal Remodeling via the Melatonin Receptor-dependent Pathway. Chang, HM; Ho, YJ; Lan, CT; Li, ST; Liao, WC; Lin, YT; Liu, CH; Tseng, TJ; Yang, YS, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin treatment in adult cashmere goats can increase cashmere yield and improve cashmere fibre quality by inducing cashmere growth during cashmere non-growth period, of which time cashmere goats are in the mid and late stages of lactation. "	( Effect of melatonin administration to lactating cashmere goats on milk production of dams and on hair follicle development in their offspring. Li, Y; Wu, ZY; Yang, CH; Zhang, W, 2020)	2.4
"Melatonin treatment led to an increase in the lean body mass and total body water on day 7 (in comparison with the placebo group) without affecting fat mass."	( Effects of Melatonin on the Body Composition, Physical Performance, and Blood Erythrocyte Indexes of C57Bl/6J Mice Exposed to Continuous Illumination. Ishchenko, IY; Khotskin, NV; Khotskina, AS; Korolev, MA; Letyagin, AY; Maslennikova, SO; Michurina, SV; Rachkovskaya, LN; Zavjalov, EL, 2019)	1.63
"Melatonin-treated mice exhibited an enhancement in SIRT1 expression with the reduction in p65 acetylation, which decreased the level of inflammatory mediators induced by CS."	( Role of melatonin as an SIRT1 enhancer in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease induced by cigarette smoke. Kim, JC; Kim, JS; Kim, MS; Kim, SH; Ko, JW; Park, G; Shin, IS; Shin, NR, 2020)	1.71
"Melatonin treatment reduced brain infarct and improved neurological functions 3 days after dMCAO, which was accompanied by decreased expression of pro-inflammatory markers and increased expression of anti-inflammatory markers in the ischemic brain. "	( Melatonin protects against ischemic stroke by modulating microglia/macrophage polarization toward anti-inflammatory phenotype through STAT3 pathway. Ding, ZT; Gao, FH; Gong, WJ; Liu, ZJ; Qie, SY; Ran, YY; Xi, JN, 2019)	3.4
"Melatonin treatment ameliorates brain damage at least partially through shifting microglia phenotype from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory polarity in a STAT3-dependent manner."	( Melatonin protects against ischemic stroke by modulating microglia/macrophage polarization toward anti-inflammatory phenotype through STAT3 pathway. Ding, ZT; Gao, FH; Gong, WJ; Liu, ZJ; Qie, SY; Ran, YY; Xi, JN, 2019)	3.4
"The melatonin-treated bucks had significantly higher CAT/SOD and GSH-Px/SOD ratios, but a significantly lower GR/GSH-Px ratio in seminal plasma and spermatozoa during the different periods of the nonbreeding season."	( The influence of exogenous melatonin on antioxidative status in seminal plasma and spermatozoa in French Alpine bucks during the nonbreeding season. Berta, V; Hlede, JP; Milinković-Tur, S; Samardžija, M; Špoljarić, B; Špoljarić, D; Šuran, J; Valpotić, H; Vilić, M; Vince, S; Žaja, IŽ; Đuričić, D, 2020)	1.34
"All melatonin treatments reduced chilling injury symptoms, reduced electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, H"	( Postharvest melatonin treatment reduces chilling injury in sapota fruit. Golding, JB; Madani, B; Mirshekari, A; Vand, SH; Yahia, EM, 2020)	1.5
"More melatonin treated than vehicle treated animals (54.5% vs 15.8%) developed a mild injury characterized by diffusion tensor values, brain volumes, histological scores and behavioral parameters closer to sham."	( Transient effect of melatonin treatment after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in rats. Berger, HR; Morken, TS; Nyman, AKG; Widerøe, M, 2019)	1.29
"Melatonin treatment alone did not induce any apoptotic changes in the glioblastoma cells, as measured by flow cytometry."	( Inhibition of autophagy triggers melatonin-induced apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. Qi, ZX; Wei, ZX; Zhou, N, 2019)	1.52
"The melatonin-only treatment resulted in increased levels of amylin expression/oligomerization in 15-25 kDa and insulin proteins, compared with the thapsigargin- and tunicamycin-combined melatonin treatments."	( Melatonin influences the expression and oligomerization of amylin in rat INS-1E cells. Jeung, EB; Jung, EM; Yoo, YM, 2019)	2.44
"Melatonin and irisin cotreatment effectively inhibited the Mst1-JNK pathway and, thus, promoted cardiomyocyte survival and mitochondrial homeostasis."	( Combination of melatonin and irisin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction through suppressing the Mst1-JNK pathways. Deng, Y; Hu, Y; Li, Q; Lu, J; Ouyang, H; Xia, F; Zheng, S; Zhong, J, 2020)	1.63
"Melatonin treatment scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and alleviated Al-induced oxidative damage to lipids and proteins by stimulating antioxidant enzymes and augmenting antioxidants."	( Melatonin ameliorates aluminum toxicity through enhancing aluminum exclusion and reestablishing redox homeostasis in roots of wheat. Huang, L; Jin, C; Lin, X; Liu, X; Lv, T; Sun, C, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin treatment more effectively restored photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments and biomass in Cd-challenged M."	( Exogenous melatonin alleviates cadmium uptake and toxicity in apple rootstocks. He, J; Li, H; Lyu, D; Sun, L; Wan, H; Zhou, J; Zhuang, X, 2020)	1.68
"Melatonin-treated HUVECs showed a decrease of pro-inflammatory mRNAs [interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)] under the stimulation of SLE medium."	( Melatonin prevents endothelial dysfunction in SLE by activating the nuclear receptor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-α. Chen, D; Du, F; Huang, H; Li, J; Liu, X; Lu, L; Lu, Y; Zhang, C, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin treatment significantly abolished the effects of LPS, as demonstrated by improved depressive-like behaviors, normalized autophagy-related gene expression, and reduced levels of cytokines."	( Melatonin prevents neuroinflammation and relieves depression by attenuating autophagy impairment through FOXO3a regulation. Ali Shah, F; Ali, T; Hao, Q; Li, S; Li, W; Liu, G; Liu, Z; Murtaza, I; Rahman, SU; Yang, X; Zhang, Z, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin treatment significantly increased p-AMPK and OPA1 protein expression, whereas treatment with compound C ablated the observed benefits of melatonin treatment."	( Melatonin Attenuates Calcium Deposition from Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Activating Mitochondrial Fusion and Mitophagy via an AMPK/OPA1 Signaling Pathway. Chen, WR; Liu, F; Sha, Y; Wu, XP; Yang, JQ; Zhou, YJ, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin treatment decreased the phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-ERK) activation while increasing the activation of caspase-3, 8, and 9."	( [Melatonin Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes]. Kim, CH; Lee, J; Lee, YH; Yoo, YM, )	1.76
"Melatonin treatment generated a total of 25,125 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), which included 6517 DMR-associated genes."	( Melatonin may increase disease resistance and flavonoid biosynthesis through effects on DNA methylation and gene expression in grape berries. Cao, X; Gao, S; Lyu, X; Ma, W; Yao, Y, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin treatment caused a significant reduction in infarct size in hearts from both control and diet groups."	( Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Function and Mitophagy in Ischaemic/Reperfused Hearts from Control and High-Fat Diet Rats: Effects of Long-Term Melatonin Treatment. Dhanabalan, K; Huisamen, B; Lochner, A; Mzezewa, S, 2020)	1.48
"Melatonin treatment also reduced sFlt-1, increased PlGF, and decreased the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio."	( Melatonin attenuates hypertension and oxidative stress in a rat model of L-NAME-induced gestational hypertension. Jiang, Z; Zuo, J, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin treatment for 8 weeks markedly attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and restored impaired cardiac function, as indicated by a decreased HW/BW ratio, reduced cell cross-sectional area and fibrosis, downregulated the mRNA levels of ANP, BNP, and β-MHC and ameliorated adverse effects on the LVEF and LVFS."	( Melatonin ameliorates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by attenuating Atg5-dependent autophagy and activating the Akt/mTOR pathway. Ding, P; Fan, ZG; Gao, EH; Kong, LH; Liu, Y; Xu, CN; Yang, J; Yang, LF, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin treatment alters the levels of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and NO affects endogenous melatonin content."	( Crosstalk between melatonin and nitric oxide in plant development and stress responses. He, H; He, LF, 2020)	1.61
"Melatonin treatment normalised the splenic cellularity and increased the splenocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent manner."	( Melatonin attenuates diabetes-induced oxidative stress in spleen and suppression of splenocyte proliferation in laboratory mice. Deb, A; Singh, SS; Sutradhar, S, 2022)	2.89
"Melatonin treatment did not alter host cell viability and was able to reduce parasite proliferation in LLC-MK2 cells at 24 and 48 h and at 6 days."	( Treatment with melatonin induces a reduction of Toxoplasma gondii development in LLC-MK2 cells. DaMatta, RA; de Souza, W; Dos Santos, TAT; Machado, NI; Seabra, SH, 2020)	1.63
"Melatonin treatment resulted in elevation of melatonin in seminal plasma from 1-8 weeks post-implantation and in blood plasma at 6 weeks post-implantation."	( Exogenous melatonin advances the ram breeding season and increases testicular function. de Graaf, SP; Pini, T; Pool, KR; Rickard, JP, 2020)	1.68
"Melatonin treatment significantly decreased infarct volume and cerebral apoptosis; mitigated endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction; and inhibited CI/R injury-induced oxidative/nitrative stress and nuclear factor-κB activation, which was eradicated in RORα-deficient mice."	( The circadian nuclear receptor RORα negatively regulates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and mediates the neuroprotective effects of melatonin. Ai, L; Gao, L; Gao, Y; Petersen, L; Pu, J; Qin, Z; Tong, R; Yan, Y; Zang, M; Zhao, Y; Zhong, F; Zhu, C, 2020)	1.48
"Melatonin treatment delayed granulosa cell aging progression."	( The Immp2l Mutation Causes Ovarian Aging Through ROS-Wnt/β-Catenin-Estrogen Pathway: Preventive Effect of Melatonin. Gu, L; He, Q; Li, PA; Lin, Q; Liu, C; Ma, Y; Pei, X; Yang, Y, 2020)	1.49
"Melatonin treatment attenuated the expression of IL-1β, IL-18, cleaved caspase-1, and NLRP3 and decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), revealing its inhibitory effects against ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome activation."	( Melatonin Attenuates Thrombin-induced Inflammation in BV2 Cells and Then Protects HT22 Cells from Apoptosis. Chen, R; Cui, G; Gong, X; Tang, J; Wang, L; Yu, L; Zuo, D, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin treatment (3, 10 or 30 mg/kg, i.p.) was given 1 h before NaDMDC administration (1 mg/nostril) during 4 consecutive days and we evaluated early (up to 7 days) and late (up to 35 days) NaDMDC-induced behavioral and neurochemical alterations."	( Neuroprotective effects of melatonin against neurotoxicity induced by intranasal sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate administration in mice. Bobinski, F; Cunha, RA; Dafre, AL; de Menezes Moura, T; Fernandes, PA; Mack, JM; Markus, RP; Martins, DF; Prediger, RD; Walz, R, 2020)	1.58
"Melatonin treatment significantly increased the total length and complexity of dendrites in the apical and basal cornu ammonis (CA) 1 and in the dentate gyrus in mouse hippocampi."	( Melatonin alters neuronal architecture and increases cysteine-rich protein 1 signaling in the male mouse hippocampus. Ang, MJ; Kang, S; Moon, C, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin treatment resulted in reduced numbers of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the fractured scale."	( Melatonin suppresses both osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation through repression of epidermal Erk signaling in the zebrafish scale. Hattori, A; Kobayashi, I; Kobayashi-Sun, J; Suzuki, N; Yamaguchi, M, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin-treated Nr failed to accumulate more carotenoids compared to CK, although there was significantly changed ethylene production."	( Melatonin promotes carotenoid biosynthesis in an ethylene-dependent manner in tomato fruits. Guo, L; Guo, YD; He, H; He, Q; Liu, L; Lv, H; Ren, S; Sun, Q; Zhang, L; Zhang, N; Zhang, X; Zhao, B, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin treatment provided significant therapeutic effects on fetal hearts via regulating all these stress response at cellular and molecular levels."	( Melatonin regulates oxidative stress and apoptosis in fetal hearts of pinealectomised RUPP rats. Demir, U; Doğan, A; Doğanlar, O; Doğanlar, ZB; Güçlü, O; Ovali, MA; Uzun, M, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin treatment enhanced arecoline-induced ROS production, cytotoxicity, G2/M phase arrest, and cell apoptosis in OSCC cells."	( Effects of melatonin to arecoline-induced reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Chiu, KC; Hsia, SM; Lan, WC; Shieh, TM; Shih, YH; Tsai, BH; Wang, TH; Wu, LJ, 2021)	1.73
"Melatonin treatment also enhanced Yap and Ctnnd1 protein levels."	( Melatonin promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart repair in mice with myocardial infarction via miR-143-3p/Yap/Ctnnd1 signaling pathway. Bamba, D; Cai, BZ; Gong, R; Han, ZB; Li, SN; Liu, SZ; Ma, WY; Pan, ZW; Song, RJ; Sun, HY; Wang, N; Wang, XX; Xu, BB; Xu, Y; Yang, F; Ye, DY; Yu, MX; Yu, Y, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin treatment of cashmere goats in one cashmere growth cycle increased the weight, staple length, and density (all P < 0.05) of the cashmere fibers and decreased fiber diameter (P < 0.01), but did not affect the characteristics of cashmere production in the subsequent annual cycle."	( Effects of melatonin administration to cashmere goats on cashmere production and hair follicle characteristics in two consecutive cashmere growth cycles. Duan, CH; Fu, XJ; Li, Y; Luan, YY; Wu, ZY; Yang, CH; Zhang, CX; Zhang, W, 2021)	1.73
"In melatonin-treated groups, rats were injected with the same dose of L-thyroxine followed by I/P injection of melatonin (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg, respectively) for 21 days."	( Melatonin enhances antioxidant defenses but could not ameliorate the reproductive disorders in induced hyperthyroidism model in male rats. Ahmed, HH; Ramadan, HM; Taha, NA, 2021)	2.58
"Melatonin treatment significantly decreases (p < .05) plasma concentrations of prolactin on the 21st day after the treatment."	( The effect of photoperiod and melatonin on plasma prolactin concentrations in female guanaco (Lama guanicoe) in captivity. Correa, LM; Moreno, RD; Riveros, JL, 2021)	1.63
"Melatonin treatment is often recommended, yet supporting evidence is scarce."	( Efficacy of Melatonin for Sleep Disturbance in Children with Persistent Post-Concussion Symptoms: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Barlow, KM; Boyd, R; Brooks, B; Cameron, C; Dewey, D; Esser, MJ; Hill, M; Hutchison, J; Kirk, V; Kirton, A; MacMaster, F; Mikrogianakis, A; Nettel-Aguirre, A; Turley, B; Yeates, KO; Zemek, R, 2021)	1.72
"Melatonin treatment substantially attenuated DLL4 expression in BT474 and MCF-7 cells, but not in SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231 cells."	( Anti-Cancer Effect of Melatonin via Downregulation of Delta-like Ligand 4 in Estrogen-Responsive Breast Cancer Cells. Abdolahi, S; Akbarzadeh, M; Emami, A; Hosseinpourfeizi, MA; Khodaei, M; Khodavirdipour, A; Pourmahdi, M; Rajabi, A; Ravanbakhsh, R; Saber, A; Safaralizadeh, R, 2020)	1.59
"By melatonin treatment this ratio was similar to control values."	( Restraint stress abates the antioxidant potential of melatonin on dimethyl benz (a) anthracene (DMBA) induced carcinogenesis. Aljaser, F; Alsharidah, AS; Azmi, AS; Banu, N; Fatima, S; Khan, SA; Muqbil, I, 2020)	1.32
"Melatonin treatment might be considered a new strategy for protecting retinal neurons against pyroptosis following acute HIOP injury."	( Melatonin Alleviates Pyroptosis of Retinal Neurons Following Acute Intraocular Hypertension. Chen, D; Guo, L; Huang, J; Huang, Y; Tan, C; Xue, F; Zhang, Y; Zhao, M, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin treatment had significant effects on mitochondrial oxidation of the NADH-generated substrate, and it also decreased mitochondrial ability to oxidize FAD-generated substrate and mitochondrial coupling in both LPS- and AES-induced oxidative stress."	( Melatonin modulates oxidative phosphorylation, hepatic and kidney autophagy-caused subclinical endotoxemia and acute ethanol-induced oxidative stress. Kurhaluk, N; Lukash, O; Tkachenko, H, 2020)	2.72
"Melatonin pretreatment protected the rats against TDF nephrotoxicity both histologically and biochemically."	( Melatonin protects against tenofovir-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by targeting multiple cellular pathways. Abraham, P; Isaac, B; Ramamoorthy, H, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin treatment is of interest in remitted patients with mood disorder to prevent relapses or recurrences, if a complaint of insomnia, poor sleep quality or phase delay syndrome is associated."	( Biological rhythms and chronotherapeutics in depression. Geoffroy, PA; Palagini, L, 2021)	1.34
"Melatonin treatment could significantly reverse the endoplasmic reticulum stress and JNK phosphorylation induced by CUMS."	( Melatonin ameliorated CUMS-induced depression-like behavior via restoring endoplasmic reticulum stress in rat hippocampus. Ju, X; Li, J; Song, M; Wang, S; Xu, X; Yan, P; Yu, Z, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin pretreatment regulates various plant physiological processes such as osmoregulation, germination, photosynthesis, senescence, primary/secondary metabolism, and hormonal cross-talk under water deficit conditions."	( Mechanistic insights on melatonin-mediated drought stress mitigation in plants. Chourasia, KN; Das, SK; Kumar, D; Kumar, R; Lal, MK; Naga, KC; Tiwari, RK; Zinta, G, 2021)	1.65
"Melatonin treatment yielded a greater percentage of blastocysts compared to the control group, i.e."	( Melatonin enhances in vitro developmental competence of cumulus-oocyte complexes collected by ovum pick-up in prepubertal and adult dairy cattle. Aldag, P; Gutiérrez-Añez, JC; Hadeler, KG; Lucas-Hahn, A; Niemann, H, 2021)	2.79
"In melatonin-treated groups, melatonin was injected intraperitoneally at 3 mg/kg body weight for four weeks and twice weekly."	( Melatonin and prolonged physical activity attenuated the detrimental effects of diabetic condition on murine cardiac tissue. Ahmadi, M; Bolboli, L; Haghighi, L; Hassanpour, M; Keyhanmanesh, R; Mahdipour, M; Rahbarghazi, A; Rahbarghazi, R; Siahkouhian, M; Sokouti Nasimi, F, 2021)	2.58
"Melatonin treatment increased the expression of ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), which reduced cholesterol accumulation and cholesterol-induced apoptosis. "	( Melatonin activates ABCA1 via the BiP/NRF1 pathway to suppress high-cholesterol-induced apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells. Chae, CW; Choi, GE; Han, HJ; Jung, YH; Kim, JS; Kim, SY; Lee, HJ; Lee, JE; Lim, JR, 2021)	3.51
"The melatonin treatment also improved the milk nutritional value by reducing its fat but increasing its lactose and protein contents."	( Effects of Melatonin on Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) of Holstein Cow with High SCS. He, C; Ji, P; Liu, G; Lu, Y; Ma, H; Ma, W; Ren, K; Wang, J; Wang, T; Wei, W; Wu, H; Yang, H; Yao, S; Zhang, L, 2021)	1.49
"Melatonin treatment following AGCI reduces pro-inflammatory factors, Gal-3, motility, and anxiety, therefore it should be considered as supplementary treatment following ischemic stroke."	( Melatonin Decreases Circulating Levels of Galectin-3 and Cytokines, Motor Activity, and Anxiety Following Acute Global Cerebral Ischemia in Male Rats. Cervantes, M; Fenton-Navarro, B; Garduño Ríos, D; Letechipía-Vallejo, G; Torner, L, 2021)	3.51
"Melatonin treatment elevated the progesterone production in sows suggesting the improved CL function."	( Melatonergic systems of AANAT, melatonin, and its receptor MT2 in the corpus luteum are essential for reproductive success in mammals†. Ji, P; Li, G; Liu, G; Liu, J; Liu, Y; Ma, X; Wang, J; Wang, Y; Zhang, L; Zhang, Z; Zhu, T, 2021)	1.63
"Melatonin treatment effectively blocked RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting PRMT1 and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) expression."	( Melatonin Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice by Regulating PRMT1-Mediated Signaling. Choi, JH; Jang, AR; Kim, DI; Park, JH; Park, MJ, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin treatments can significantly lead to an increase in the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α genes."	( Study on the roles of melatonin in regulating dermal fibroblast growth in Liaoning cashmere goats by transcriptome sequencing. Jin, M; Piao, J; Qiu, X; Zhang, L; Zhao, F, 2022)	1.76
"Melatonin treatment resulted in no benefits to sleep quality (SMD -0.659; 95% CI, -1.535 to 0.217, P = 0.141) and general menopause symptoms (SMD -0.625; 95% CI, -1.354 to 0.105, P = 0.093) in four and three RCTs, respectively."	( Effects of exogenous melatonin on sleep quality and menopausal symptoms in menopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Fang, X; Jiang, L; Wang, S; Wu, T; Yi, M; Zhang, X, 2021)	1.66
"Melatonin treatment improves EEG patterns and subjective sleep quality in postmenopausal women with preexisting sleep impairment."	( Melatonin and the health of menopausal women: A systematic review. Peleg, R; Treister-Goltzman, Y, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin treatment decreased abscisic acid (ABA) content but increased PP2C and F-box expression levels, suggesting the involvement of ABA signaling in melatonin-mediated antisenescence."	( Transcriptome, degradome and physiological analysis provide new insights into the mechanism of inhibition of litchi fruit senescence by melatonin. Huber, DJ; Jiang, Y; Li, T; Liu, J; Qu, H; Yun, Z; Zhang, Z, 2021)	1.55
"Melatonin treatment of lambs did not have a significant effect on LW at weaning or ADG, but lambs reared by implanted ewes in experiment 2 presented higher (P < 0.05) LW (±S.E.M.) at weaning (implanted: 13.61 ± 0.51; non-implanted: 12.09 ± 0.57 kg) and ADG (implanted: 221.00 ± 10.45; non-implanted: 189.92 ± 12.44 g/d) than did lambs reared by control ewes."	( Implanting melatonin at lambing enhances lamb growth and maintains high fat content in milk. Abecia, JA; Canto, F; Luis, S, 2021)	1.73
"Melatonin treatment significantly attenuated body weight gain at 23 weeks (control; 57.2 ± 2.0 g vs melatonin; 44.4 ± 3.1 g), 33 weeks (control; 65.4 ± 2.6 g vs melatonin; 52.2 ± 4.2 g) and 43 weeks (control; 66.1 ± 3.2 g vs melatonin; 54.4 ± 2.5 g) without decreasing the amount of food intake."	( Long-term melatonin treatment attenuates body weight gain with aging in female mice. Doi-Tanaka, Y; Kawamoto-Jozaki, M; Maekawa, R; Mihara, Y; Sato, S; Shirafuta, Y; Sugino, N; Takagi, H; Taketani, T; Tamura, H; Tamura, I, 2021)	1.75
"Melatonin treatment led to a significant reduction in the degree of breast hyperplasia (P<0.05), a significant reduction in PCNA, a significant increase in the level of apoptosis (P<0.05), a significant increase in PTEN (P<0.05), and a significant reduction in AKT/p‑AKT (P<0.05)."	( Melatonin inhibits cell proliferation in a rat model of breast hyperplasia by mediating the PTEN/AKT pathway. Huang, Y; Niu, Y; Zhang, X, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin treatment significantly inhibited the above changes through modulating α7nAChR."	( Modulation of α7nAchR by Melatonin Alleviates Ischemia and Reperfusion-Compromised Integrity of Blood-Brain Barrier Through Inhibiting HMGB1-Mediated Microglia Activation and CRTC1-Mediated Neuronal Loss. Chen, S; Hu, X; Jin, X; Li, F; Li, H; Li, Y; Liu, W; Sun, Y; Zhang, J; Zhang, X; Zhao, X; Zheng, GQ, 2022)	1.75
"Melatonin treatment before ABI exposure significantly increased 30-day survival rate to 83% and ameliorated damage to the intestinal epithelial cells. "	( Quantitative proteomic analysis of the effects of melatonin treatment for mice suffered from small intestinal damage induced by γ-ray radiation. Du, L; Fan, S; Liu, Q; Liu, Y; Wang, Q; Wang, Y; Xu, C, 2021)	2.32
"The melatonin-treated animals had longer RR-intervals in the baseline state than the control animals (264 ± 48 ms versus 237 ± 33 ms, p = 0.044, respectively), but this difference decayed during the period of ischemia due to the increase of heart rate in the treated group."	( Melatonin pretreatment does not modify extrasystolic burden in the rat ischemia-reperfusion model. Azarov, JE; Bernikova, OG; Durkina, AV; Gonotkov, MA; Kuzmin, VS; Mikhaleva, NJ; Paderin, NM; Sedova, KA, 2021)	2.54
"Melatonin treatment (100 µM) to HepG2 cells led to an improvement in oscillatory pattern of clock genes (Clock, Bmal1, and Per) in oleic acid (OA)-induced circadian desynchrony, while Cry, Nrf2, and HO-1 remain oblivious of melatonin treatment that was also validated by circwave analysis."	( Melatonin induces Nrf2-HO-1 reprogramming and corrections in hepatic core clock oscillations in Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Devkar, R; Joshi, A; Shirsath, K; Upadhyay, KK; Vohra, A, 2021)	2.79
"Melatonin treatment also enhanced the stomatal traits, such as stomatal length, width, area, and the number of pores under drought stress conditions. "	( Ameliorative effect of melatonin improves drought tolerance by regulating growth, photosynthetic traits and leaf ultrastructure of maize seedlings. Ahmad, S; Ali, I; Muhammad, I; Wang, GY; Yang, L; Zeeshan, M; Zhou, XB, 2021)	2.37
"Melatonin treatment significantly reduced blood glucose, serum insulin, body weight, related liver weight, serum lipids, and hepatic enzymes in db/db mice. "	( Melatonin ameliorates hepatic steatosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in db/db mice. Chen, D; Dong, X; Yu, Y; Zhao, Y; Zhu, J, )	3.02
"Melatonin treatments enable plants to be tolerant to abiotic stresses via enhancing their recovery potential, but its impact using various concentrations has not yet been studied in leaf physiological aspects when applied to cotton foliage during their peak flowering and boll loading stage."	( Foliar melatonin stimulates cotton boll distribution characteristics by modifying leaf sugar metabolism and antioxidant activities during drought conditions. Abdalmegeed, D; He, J; Hu, W; Khattak, WA; Wang, Y; Zhou, Z, 2022)	1.9
"Melatonin treatment partially restored the rhythms and daily pulse (ratio of maximum:minimum levels) in liver and intestine in 12 months group."	( Daily Socs1 rhythms alter with aging differentially in peripheral clocks in male Wistar rats: therapeutic effects of melatonin. Jagota, A; Vinod, C, 2017)	1.39
"Melatonin treatment also significantly increased the GAP43 in the cortex."	( Melatonin reduces hypoxic-ischaemic (HI) induced autophagy and apoptosis: An in vivo and in vitro investigation in experimental models of neonatal HI brain injury. Fang, M; Hu, Y; Jiang, H; Li, Z; Lin, Z; Liu, Y; Pan, S; Wang, Z; Xiao, J; Yin, J; Zhang, H; Zou, S, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin treatment is known to be effective in treating these sleep problems."	( Effects of Melatonin and Bright Light Treatment in Childhood Chronic Sleep Onset Insomnia With Late Melatonin Onset: A Randomized Controlled Study. Meijer, AM; Oort, FJ; Smits, MG; van der Heijden, KB; van Maanen, A, 2017)	1.57
"Melatonin treatment and light therapy decreased sleep latency (sleep diary) and advanced sleep onset (sleep diary and actigraphy), although for sleep onset the effects of melatonin were stronger. "	( Effects of Melatonin and Bright Light Treatment in Childhood Chronic Sleep Onset Insomnia With Late Melatonin Onset: A Randomized Controlled Study. Meijer, AM; Oort, FJ; Smits, MG; van der Heijden, KB; van Maanen, A, 2017)	2.29
"Melatonin treatment may have a beneficial effect on fertility."	( The effects of melatonin on oxidative stress and prevention of primordial follicle loss via activation of mTOR pathway in the rat ovary. Aydin, C; Behram Kandemir, Y; Gorgisen, G, 2017)	1.53
"Melatonin treatment reduced infarct volume, which was reversed by PI3K/Akt inhibition."	( Particular phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt on Thr308 via PDK-1 and PTEN mediates melatonin's neuroprotective activity after focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Beker, MC; Caglayan, AB; Caglayan, B; Gunal, MY; Gundogdu, RZ; Kelestemur, T; Kerman, BE; Kilic, E; Kilic, U; Yalcin, E; Yılmaz, B; Yulug, B, 2017)	1.41
"Melatonin-treated animals showed a significant reduction in OC size and microvessel density."	( Melatonin Reduces Angiogenesis in Serous Papillary Ovarian Carcinoma of Ethanol-Preferring Rats. Camargo, IC; Chuffa, LG; Domeniconi, RF; Lupi Júnior, LA; Martinez, FE; Martinez, M; Pinheiro, PF; Reiter, RJ; Zonta, YR, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin treatment improved postischemic cardiac contractile function, decreased infarct size, diminished lactate dehydrogenase release, reduced the apoptotic index, and ameliorated oxidative damage."	( Melatonin ameliorates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury through SIRT3-dependent regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Duan, W; Gao, E; Jin, Z; Jing, L; Li, B; Liang, H; Liu, Z; Ren, K; Yang, Y; Yu, B; Yu, L; Yu, S; Zhai, M; Zhang, B; Zhang, M, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin treatment significantly attenuated the levels of RVSP, thickness of the arteriolar wall, oxidative and inflammatory markers in the hypoxic animals with a marked increase in the eNOS phosphorylation in the lung."	( Melatonin Attenuates Pulmonary Hypertension in Chronically Hypoxic Rats. Fung, ML; Hung, MW; Lau, CF; Poon, AMS; Tipoe, GL; Yeung, HM, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin treatment significantly decreased androgens levels (free androgen index: P < .05; testosterone: P < .01; 17 hydroxyprogesterone: P < .01)."	( Melatonin Treatment May Be Able to Restore Menstrual Cyclicity in Women With PCOS: A Pilot Study. Apa, R; Cicco, S; Florio, CD; Immediata, V; Lanzone, A; Romualdi, D; Santarsiero, CM; Scarinci, E; Tagliaferri, V; Tropea, A, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin treatment reduced the levels of transforming growth factor-β-induced protein (TGFBIp) significantly, and this reduction was suppressed by MG132."	( Melatonin reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and corneal dystrophy-associated TGFBIp through activation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation. Akuzum, B; Choi, SI; Jeong, JB; Kim, EK; Kim, TI; Lee, E; Maeng, YS, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin treatment significantly enhanced the drought tolerance of wheat seedlings, as demonstrated by decreased membrane damage, more intact grana lamella of chloroplast, higher photosynthetic rate, and maximum efficiency of photosystem II, as well as higher cell turgor and water holding capacity in melatonin-treated seedlings."	( Beneficial effects of melatonin in overcoming drought stress in wheat seedlings. Cui, G; Liu, S; Sun, F; Xi, Y; Zhang, C; Zhao, X, 2017)	1.49
"Melatonin treatment most probably reduced the severity of the HFD-induced obesity by reducing the amplitude of HFD-induced plasma protein changes."	( High-fat diet-induced plasma protein and liver changes in obese rats can be attenuated by melatonin supplementation. Govitrapong, P; Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya, C; Kitidee, K; Klosen, P; Pannengpetch, S; Wongchitrat, P, 2017)	1.4
"Melatonin treatment for 8 weeks markedly ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy."	( Melatonin protects against the pathological cardiac hypertrophy induced by transverse aortic constriction through activating PGC-1β: In vivo and in vitro studies. Chen, X; Duan, W; Jin, Z; Jing, L; Li, B; Li, K; Liang, H; Liu, J; Liu, Z; Reiter, RJ; Ren, K; Yang, J; Yang, Y; Yi, D; Yi, W; Yu, B; Yu, S; Zhai, M; Zhang, B; Zhang, M, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin treatment significantly inhibited NP cell proliferation in dose-dependent manner."	( Melatonin inhibits nucleus pulposus (NP) cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling via the melatonin membrane receptors mediated PI3K-Akt pathway. Chan, MTV; Chen, C; Li, X; Li, Z; Shen, J; Wu, WKK, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin treatment increased the expression of Osterix during osteoblast differentiation and stabilized its expression by the inhibition of ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of Osterix, leading to up-regulated Osterix transcriptional activity on the osteogenic promoter and promoting alkaline phosphatase activity and bone mineralization."	( Melatonin promotes osteoblast differentiation by regulating Osterix protein stability and expression. Han, Y; Kim, HS; Kim, YM; Lee, KY, 2017)	2.62
"The melatonin treatments were performed on 10th February; 10th March; 10th April and on 10th May each time in 4 different randomly selected farms."	( Melatonin treatment in winter and spring and reproductive recovery in Sarda breed sheep. Carcangiu, V; Daga, C; Di Stefano, MV; Farci, F; Luridiana, S; Mura, MC; Pulinas, L; Starič, J, 2017)	2.38
"The melatonin treatment induced a significant decrease on nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation levels in the prefrontal cortex and significant decrease on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and microglia activation."	( Postnatal melatonin treatment protects against affective disorders induced by early-life immune stimulation by reducing the microglia cell activation and oxidative stress. Bahbiti, Y; Benmhammed, H; Berkiks, I; El Hasnaoui, A; El Hessni, A; Mesfioui, A; Mouden, S; Nakache, R; Ouichou, A; Touil, T, 2018)	1.36
"Melatonin pretreatment lowered leaf and stem V concentrations by reducing V transport from root to shoot."	( Melatonin pretreatment improves vanadium stress tolerance of watermelon seedlings by reducing vanadium concentration in the leaves and regulating melatonin biosynthesis and antioxidant-related gene expression. Bie, Z; Chen, C; Huang, Y; Imtiaz, M; Jiao, Y; Nawaz, MA; Shireen, F; Zheng, Z, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin treatment also significantly increased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.006 ± 0.01 vs. -0.004 ± 0.01, P = 0.01) and serum HDL-cholesterol (+2.6 ± 5.5 vs. -0.01 ± 4.4 mg/dL, P = 0.04)."	( Melatonin administration lowers biomarkers of oxidative stress and cardio-metabolic risk in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Asemi, Z; Bahmani, F; Ostadmohammadi, V; Raygan, F; Reiter, RJ, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin oral treatment significantly reversed the increased serum LPO level in former-smokers already after 2 weeks of treatment. "	( Melatonin reverses the enhanced oxidative damage to membrane lipids and improves skin biophysical characteristics in former-smokers - A study in postmenopausal women. Gesing, A; Karbownik-Lewinska, M; Lewinski, A; Sagan, D; Stepniak, J, 2017)	3.34
"Melatonin treatment led to a significantly higher burst pressure (p=0.027 and p<0.001, respectively). "	( Melatonin exhibits supportive effects on oxidants and anastomotic healing during intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Çakır, E; Ersoy, ÖF; Özkan, N; Özsoy, Z, 2018)	3.37
"Melatonin treatment increased BAT weight in ZDF rats (P < .001)."	( Melatonin increases brown adipose tissue mass and function in Zücker diabetic fatty rats: implications for obesity control. Agil, A; Fernández Vázquez, G; Reiter, RJ, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin treatment was proved to cause reverse effects in the sense that the results from the melatonin treated group corresponded to the results obtained from the control group of animals."	( Gender-related Histological Changes in the Thymus Gland After Pinealectomy and Short-term Melatonin Treatment in Rats. Alicelebic, S; Cosovic, E; Custovic, S; Kapic, D; Muzika, V; Sahinovic, M; Susko, I, 2017)	1.4
"Melatonin treatment significantly preserved the functions of both pancreas and liver by reducing β cell apoptosis, CD68-cell infiltration, ROS production, and caspase-3 expression."	( Melatonin attenuates smoking-induced hyperglycemia via preserving insulin secretion and hepatic glycogen synthesis in rats. Di, X; Lai, Z; Li, T; Liu, C; Liu, X; Ni, L; Song, X; Wang, X; Xie, Z; Zhang, R; Zhao, Z, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin treatment prevented LPS-induced depressive-like behavior in the forced swim and tail suspension tests with no alterations in locomotor activity evaluated in the open field test."	( Neuroprotective effect of melatonin against lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Buss, ZS; Doneda, DL; Ferreira, YS; Fraga-Junior, EB; Lima, E; Lopes, L; Mendonça, CB; Rossi, FL; Stupp, IJV; Taniguti, EH; Vandresen-Filho, S; Ynoue, HN, 2018)	1.5
"The melatonin and SB203580 treatment groups were administered with MLT and SB 30 min before operation the induction of SAP."	( Melatonin attenuated inflammatory reaction by inhibiting the activation of p38 and NF‑κB in taurocholate‑induced acute pancreatitis. Chen, Q; Chen, Y; Jin, Y; Shao, B; Wu, J; Zhang, Y; Zhao, Q, 2018)	2.4
"Melatonin treatment has been reported to be capable of ameliorating metabolic diabetes-related abnormalities but also to cause hypogonadism in rats. "	( Combined treatment with melatonin and insulin improves glycemic control, white adipose tissue metabolism and reproductive axis of diabetic male rats. Andreotti, S; Campana, AB; Coelho-de-Souza, AN; de Proença, ARG; Donato-Junior, J; Lima, FB; Oliveira, AC; Oliveira, KA; Sertie, RAL; Vasconcelos, RP, 2018)	2.23
"Melatonin pre-treatment prior to ionizing radiation was associated with a decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in p53 mRNA expression, leading to an increase in the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells."	( Therapeutic potential of melatonin for breast cancer radiation therapy patients. Griffin, F; Marignol, L, 2018)	1.51
"Melatonin-treated bucks had a greater proportion of C_1 spermatozoa and a lesser proportion of C_2 spermatozoa during May (P < 0.05)."	( Exogenous melatonin influences distribution of French Alpine buck spermatozoa in morphometrically distinct subpopulations during the non-breeding season. Berta, V; Milas, NP; Milinković-Tur, S; Rakić, K; Samardžija, M; Valpotić, H; Vilić, M; Vince, S; Žaja, IŽ, 2018)	1.6
"Melatonin treatment drastically alleviated the cadmium toxicity, resulting in increased plant height, biomass accumulation, and root growth."	( Exogenous Melatonin Confers Cadmium Tolerance by Counterbalancing the Hydrogen Peroxide Homeostasis in Wheat Seedlings. Fu, S; Huang, S; Liu, W; Ni, J; Shah, FA; Wang, D; Wang, Q; Wu, L, 2018)	1.6
"Melatonin treatment also effectively decreased neuron apoptosis resulting from OGD-induced neuron injury."	( Melatonin protects brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Chang, CC; Chen, TY; Huang, SY; Hung, CY; Hung, HY; Lee, EJ; Lin, YW; Tai, SH, 2018)	2.64
"In melatonin-treated animals the %IA (3.62 ± 0.23) was significantly higher compared to control animals (2.65 ± 0.26)."	( Immunomorphometric variations of sustentacular cells of the male viscacha adrenal medulla during the annual reproductive cycle. Effects of androgens and melatonin. Gallol, LE; Mohamed, FH, 2018)	1.19
"Ram melatonin treatment affected the in vitro fertilization competence of sperm."	( Effects of melatonin administration on seminal plasma metabolites and sperm fertilization competence during the non-reproductive season in ram. Berlinguer, F; Epifani, G; Gallus, M; Leoni, GG; Manca, ME; Mereu, P; Naitana, S; Nehme, M; Satta, V; Succu, S; Torres-Rovira, L, 2018)	1.35
"Melatonin treatment had a favorable effect on neurological status, by an SMD of 1.35 (95% CI: 0.83-1.88), and on cognition by an SMD of 1.16 (95% CI: 0.4-1.92)."	( Melatonin as a Treatment after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Pre-Clinical and Clinical Literature. Barlow, KM; Boyd, R; Esser, MJ; Veidt, M, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin treatment reduced relative membrane-leakage rate and inhibited the generation of superoxide radicals (O"	( Delay of Postharvest Browning in Litchi Fruit by Melatonin via the Enhancing of Antioxidative Processes and Oxidation Repair. Gao, Z; Hu, M; Huber, DJ; Jiang, G; Jiang, Y; Xu, X; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z, 2018)	1.46
"Melatonin treatment significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs through activation of AMPK and upregulation of FOXO3a and RUNX2 which were known as master transcription factors responsible for the mechanistic link between oxidative stress and osteogenic phenotype."	( Melatonin alleviates oxidative stress-inhibited osteogenesis of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells through AMPK activation. Kang, D; Le, NH; Lee, S, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin treatment was protective against apoptosis and inhibited oxidative damage."	( Melatonin attenuates caspase-dependent apoptosis in the thoracic aorta by regulating element balance and oxidative stress in pinealectomised rats. Dogan, A; Doğanlar, O; Doğanlar, ZB; Ongoren, G; Ovali, MA; Uzun, M, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin treatment provided to LPS-exposed animals restored WBC counts, ameliorated erythrocyte membrane damage and decreased overall oxidative stress in plasma."	( Melatonin diminishes oxidative stress in plasma, retains erythrocyte resistance and restores white blood cell count after low dose lipopolysaccharide exposure in mice. Kurhaluk, N; Kyriienko, S; Sliuta, A; Winklewski, PJ; Zaitseva, OV, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin treatment in the CUMS rats prevented the stress-induced decrease in mRNA and protein levels of α1-and β2-adrenoceptors, whereas did not affect either on mRNA or protein level of β1-and α2-adrenoceptors."	( Melatonin modulate the expression of α1- and β2-adrenoceptors in the hippocampus of rats subjected to unpredictable chronic mild stress. Dronjak, S; Ferizovic, H; Jovanovic, P; Spasojevic, N; Stefanovic, B, )	2.3
"Melatonin treatment also resulted in decreased CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cell count in the spleen."	( Melatonin mediated Foxp3-downregulation decreases cytokines production via the TLR2 and TLR4 pathways in H. pylori infected mice. Chen, L; Li, L; Lin, D; Lin, M; Liu, H; Luo, J; Song, J; Zhang, F; Zhang, H; Zhang, M; Zhang, Z; Zhou, R, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin treatment at both doses strongly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion capacities of Huh7 and HepG2 cell lines, and melatonin treatment markedly induced the expression of the miRNA let7i-3p in cells."	( Melatonin Inhibits the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma through MicroRNA Let7i-3p Mediated RAF1 Reduction. Chang, JL; Chen, CC; Chen, CY; Hsueh, C; Li, WS; Lian, JH; Wang, TH; Yeh, CT, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin treatment significantly increased myocardial Sirt3 expression, and alleviated MI/R-induced cardiac morphology changes and cardiac dysfunction, as well as myocardial apoptosis level."	( Melatonin protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by elevating Sirtuin3 expression and manganese superoxide dismutase activity. Cao, C; Chen, X; Feng, J; Liu, R; Nie, S; Zhang, W; Zhao, Y, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin treatment reduced expression and activity of ROCK1 and ROCK2, which suppressed TGF-β2-induced hyperpermeability of GEnCs and EndMT of GEnCs."	( Melatonin Attenuates Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Glomerular Endothelial Cells via Regulating miR-497/ROCK in Diabetic Nephropathy. Gao, S; Liu, F; Xu, R; Yin, J; Zhang, S, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin treatment partially but significantly improved the erectile function, ameliorated neuropathy in DPN and MPG, and decreased collagen deposition, oxidative stress, and p-p38 levels in diabetic rats."	( Neuroprotective effects of melatonin on erectile dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Hou, JQ; Hui, Y; Zhang, JL; Zhou, F, 2018)	1.5
"Melatonin treatment helps improve erectile function and ameliorate neuropathy and fibrosis in diabetic rats. "	( Neuroprotective effects of melatonin on erectile dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Hou, JQ; Hui, Y; Zhang, JL; Zhou, F, 2018)	2.22
"Melatonin treatment significantly improved tGCI-induced cognitive impairment."	( Melatonin improves vascular cognitive impairment induced by ischemic stroke by remyelination via activation of ERK1/2 signaling and restoration of glutamatergic synapses in the gerbil hippocampus. Ahn, JH; Chen, BH; Hwang, IK; Kang, IJ; Kim, DW; Kim, YM; Lee, CH; Lee, JC; Lee, TK; Lee, YL; Park, JH; Won, MH; Yan, BC, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin treatment decreased the cell proliferation rate of MCF-7 in contrast to HEK293."	( Effects of melatonin on apoptosis and cell differentiation in MCF-7 derived cancer stem cells. Dönmez, H; Koçak, N; Yildirim, İH, 2018)	1.59
"Melatonin pretreatment induced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), causing their activation and inactivation, respectively."	( Melatonin Modulates lipid Metabolism in HepG2 Cells Cultured in High Concentrations of Oleic Acid: AMPK Pathway Activation may Play an Important Role. He, Y; Ji, S; Mi, Y; Tan, D; Zhou, Q; Zhou, X, 2018)	2.64
"Melatonin treatment for aged rats significantly decreased Paired total testicular/body weight ratio compared to aged control group (p < 0.05)."	( The protective role of melatonin and curcumin in the testis of young and aged rats. Akarca Dizakar, OS; Akbulut, KG; Keskin Aktan, A; Muratoğlu, S; Ömeroğlu, S, 2019)	1.55
"Melatonin treatment counteracted these effects and resulted in reduced cancer burden."	( Artificial Light at Night of Different Spectral Compositions Differentially Affects Tumor Growth in Mice: Interaction With Melatonin and Epigenetic Pathways. Fares, B; Fares, F; Haim, A; Zubidat, AE, )	1.06
"Melatonin pretreatment increased the expression of Cdkn1a and Rad50 in 8 and 24 h postradiations (2 and 8 Gy) (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in 48 h postradiation compared to the radiation-only and vehicle plus radiation (2 and 8 Gy) groups."	( Radioprotective effect of melatonin on expression of Bazzaz, JT; Ghazi-Khansari, M; Izadi, P; Rezaeejam, H; Shirazi, A; Tabesh, GA; Valizadeh, M, 2018)	2.22
"Melatonin treatment prevented all these systemic and pituitary changes as well as the increase in POMC expression induced by incubation of AtT-20 corticotrophs with conditioned media obtained from stimulated macrophages."	( Melatonin prevents early pituitary dysfunction induced by sucrose-rich diets. Aranda, ML; Calanni, JS; Caldareri, LJ; Cymeryng, CB; Mercau, ME; Repetto, EM; Rosenstein, RE, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin treatment was well tolerated and we did not observe significant differences in rates of side effects between the two groups."	( Efficacy of Melatonin on Serum Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress Markers in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Bitzer-Quintero, OK; Delgado-Lara, DLC; Mireles-Ramírez, MA; Ortiz, GG; Pacheco-Moises, FP; Ramírez-Jirano, LJ; Sánchez-López, AL; Velázquez-Brizuela, IE, 2018)	1.58
"Melatonin treatment activated MFN2-related mitochondrial fusion via suppressing Mst1-Hippo pathway, finally sustaining mitochondrial function and reducing reperfusion-mediated cerebral injury."	( Effects of melatonin on acute brain reperfusion stress: role of Hippo signaling pathway and MFN2-related mitochondrial protection. Bi, C; Lan, S; Liu, J; Luo, X, 2019)	1.63
"Melatonin-treated SCI animals showed decreased relative abundance of"	( Melatonin Treatment Alleviates Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Gut Dysbiosis in Mice. Bai, F; Chen, Z; Jing, Y; Li, D; Li, J; Qin, C; Wang, L; Yang, D; Yang, M; Zhang, C, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin treatment reduced tumor growth (p < 0.01)."	( RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis shows anti-tumor actions of melatonin in a breast cancer xenograft model. Alexandre, PA; Chammas, R; Coutinho, LL; de Paula-Junior, R; Fukumasu, H; Jardim-Perassi, BV; Reis Júnior, O; Sonehara, NM; Zuccari, DAPC, 2019)	1.48
"Melatonin treatment to diabetic rats restored the alteration in physiological and biochemical markers."	( Protective Role of Melatonin in Streptozotocin Induced Pancreatic Damages in Diabetic Wistar Rat. Ahmad Hajam, Y; Basheer, M; Ghosh, H; Rai, S; Singh, S, 2018)	1.53
"Melatonin treatment increased hippocampal SIRT1 and TFAM expression and enhanced mtDNA copy number in the hippocampus."	( Melatonin protective effect against amyloid β-induced neurotoxicity mediated by mitochondrial biogenesis; involvement of hippocampal Sirtuin-1 signaling pathway. Ansari Dezfouli, M; Farahmandfar, M; Khodagholi, F; Zahmatkesh, M, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin treatment significantly downregulated (p < 0.05) mRNA level of FSH and GnRH receptors, whereas 100 nM dose of melatonin significantly increased mRNA level of LH receptor."	( Effect of melatonin on regulation of apoptosis and steroidogenesis in cultured buffalo granulosa cells. Hua, GH; Liang, A; Riaz, H; Yang, L; Yousuf, MR, 2019)	1.64
"Melatonin treatment led to an increase in both the quantity and quality of cashmere fiber."	( Melatonin promotes secondary hair follicle development of early postnatal cashmere goat and improves cashmere quantity and quality by enhancing antioxidant capacity and suppressing apoptosis. Duan, T; Mo, F; Ren, QC; Xu, JH; Yang, CH; Zhang, W, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin treatment exerts protective effects on follicles against increased lipid peroxidation through modulating tissue antioxidant enzyme levels. "	( Is the effect of melatonin on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 associated with angiogenesis in the rat ovary? Behram, M; Kandemir, YB; Katırcı, E; Konuk, E; Xxx, F, 2019)	2.3
"Melatonin pre-treatment protected the heart from MI/R by reducing myocardial oedema and inflammation, attenuating oxidative stress, and decreasing myocardial apoptosis. "	( Melatonin protects circulatory death heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury via the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. Chen, T; Deng, C; Jules, KED; Lan, H; Li, H; Liu, Y; Masau, JF; Su, Y; Wang, J; Wei, X, 2019)	3.4
"Melatonin pre-treatment protected the heart from MI/R in a DCD heart model after ex vivo perfusion. "	( Melatonin protects circulatory death heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury via the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. Chen, T; Deng, C; Jules, KED; Lan, H; Li, H; Liu, Y; Masau, JF; Su, Y; Wang, J; Wei, X, 2019)	3.4
"Melatonin treatment was also associated with higher activity and expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and peroxidase) and greater decline of H"	( Melatonin increases the performance of Malus hupehensis after UV-B exposure. Gao, T; Li, C; Liang, B; Lv, Z; Ma, F; Wei, Z; Zhang, Z; Zou, Y, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin treatment (1-10 μM) suppresses 400 μM PA-induced cell viability decrease, cell apoptosis, Caspase 3 activation, and BAX, CHOP, and GRP78 expression."	( Melatonin attenuates palmitic acid-induced mouse granulosa cells apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress. Chen, Z; Lei, L; Wen, D; Yang, L, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin treatment increased the activities of defense-related enzymes and decreased hydrogen peroxide (H"	( Melatonin Induces Disease Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Tomato Fruit by Activating Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathway. Chen, L; Li, R; Liu, C; Shen, L; Sheng, J; Yu, W; Zhang, S; Zhao, R, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin treatment partially inhibited inflammatory cytokine expression and the downregulation of aquaporin (AQPs, AQP-1, -2 and -3) expression in these two models."	( Melatonin therapy protects against renal injury before and after release of bilateral ureteral obstruction in rats. Li, Z; Liu, X; Song, E; Sun, N; Wang, Y; Wen, J; Zhang, Z; Zheng, T, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin treatment potently prevents BUO or BUO-R induced renal injury, which may be partially attributed to restoring the expression of AQPs and inhibition of inflammatory response, as well as preserving renal ultrastructural integrity."	( Melatonin therapy protects against renal injury before and after release of bilateral ureteral obstruction in rats. Li, Z; Liu, X; Song, E; Sun, N; Wang, Y; Wen, J; Zhang, Z; Zheng, T, 2019)	3.4
"Melatonin pre-treatment lowered the level of proinflammatory cytokines in the uterus and the placenta, significantly improved LPS-induced acute fetal neuroinflammation and perinatal brain injury, as well as significantly upregulated the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway to reduce LPS-induced inflammation. "	( Administration of melatonin for prevention of preterm birth and fetal brain injury associated with premature birth in a mouse model. Burd, I; Dash, O; Hwang, JY; Lee, JY; Lei, J; McLane, MW; Park, M; Shin, NE; Song, H, 2019)	2.29
"Melatonin treatment reduced pain scores in and analgesic use by women with endometriosis."	( Melatonin activity and receptor expression in endometrial tissue and endometriosis. Agarwal, SK; Foster, WG; Leyland, NA; Lim, J; Mosher, AA; Tan, C; Tsoulis, MW, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin post-treatment of RSD rats also decreased cleavage of caspase-3 and increased reduced glutathione content in LC."	( Neuroprotective effect of exogenous melatonin on the noradrenergic neurons of adult male rats' locus coeruleus nucleus following REM sleep deprivation. Aliaghaei, A; Amini, M; Danyali, S; Jameie, SB; Khodagholi, F; Mesgar, S; Raoofi, A; Sadeghi, Y; Sorraya, M, 2019)	1.51
"Melatonin treatment inhibited peripheral tissue inflammation and tissue damage in a cecal ligation puncture (CLP)-induced polymicrobial sepsis model, consequently reducing the mortality of the mice."	( Protective Effect of Melatonin Against Polymicrobial Sepsis Is Mediated by the Anti-bacterial Effect of Neutrophils. Jin, JO; Kwak, M; Lee, PCW; Xu, L; Zhang, L; Zhang, W, 2019)	1.55
"Melatonin treatment significantly stimulated Calcitonin (an osteoclast-inhibiting hormone) mRNA expression and decreased the mRNA expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (a promoter of osteoclastogenesis), which coincided with suppressed gene expression levels for osteoclast functions."	( Melatonin is a potential drug for the prevention of bone loss during space flight. Akatsuka, R; Ando, H; Chowdhury, VS; Ejiri, S; Endo, M; Funahashi, H; Furusawa, Y; Hanmoto, T; Hattori, A; Hayakawa, K; Hayashi, A; Hirayama, J; Ijiri, K; Ikari, T; Ikegame, M; Iseki, H; Kambegawa, A; Kaminishi, A; Kitamura, KI; Kondo, T; Maeda, M; Maruyama, Y; Matsuda, K; Matsuoka, R; Mikuni-Takagaki, Y; Mishima, H; Nakamura, M; Nakano, M; Nakashima, H; Nara, M; Nishiuchi, T; Omori, K; Sasayama, Y; Seki, A; Sekiguchi, T; Shimazu, T; Shimizu, N; Somei, M; Suzuki, H; Suzuki, N; Suzuki, T; Tabata, MJ; Tabuchi, Y; Takahashi, A; Takasaki, I; Takeuchi, T; Taya, T; Uchida, H; Wada, S; Watanabe, Y; Yamamoto, T; Yano, S; Yashima, S, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin treatment effectively reduced baseline MAP and sympathoexcitation to the ischemic kidney in renovascular hypertensive rats."	( Melatonin attenuates renal sympathetic overactivity and reactive oxygen species in the brain in neurogenic hypertension. Almeida, VR; Amaral, FG; Bergamaschi, CT; Campos, RR; Cespedes, JG; Futuro-Neto, HA; Nishi, EE; Pontes, RB; Simon, KA, 2019)	2.68
"Melatonin treatment after ACS did not improve but may have aggravated ED."	( The effect of melatonin on endothelial dysfunction in patients after acute coronary syndrome: The MEFACS randomized clinical trial. Gögenur, I; Isbrand, A; Kleif, J; Lykkesfeldt, J; Madsen, MT; Schou-Pedersen, AV; Zahid, JA, 2019)	1.6
"The melatonin treatment attenuated septic myocardial injury in a comparable manner to the genetic depletion of Ripk3."	( Therapeutic contribution of melatonin to the treatment of septic cardiomyopathy: A novel mechanism linking Ripk3-modified mitochondrial performance and endoplasmic reticulum function. Chen, S; Chen, Y; Guo, Z; Hu, Y; Liu, J; Lu, J; Tan, Y; Xiao, X; Zheng, S; Zhong, J; Zhu, P, 2019)	1.29
"Melatonin pretreatment protected the small intestines from MTX-induced damage by attenuating nitrosative stress, protein tyrosine nitration and PARP expression."	( A preclinical study on the protective effect of melatonin against methotrexate-induced small intestinal damage: effect mediated by attenuation of nitrosative stress, protein tyrosine nitration, and PARP activation. Abraham, P; Faith, M; Isaac, B; Kanakasabapathy, I; Kolli, VK; Natarajan, K; Ramamoorthy, H, 2013)	1.37
"Melatonin treatment improved the regularity, fragmentation and amplitude of the RAR in senescent fish, and it also improved sleep efficiency."	( Rest-activity circadian rhythms in aged Nothobranchius korthausae. The effects of melatonin. Almaida-Pagán, PF; de Costa, J; Lucas-Sánchez, A; Madrid, JA; Martinez-Nicolas, A; Mendiola, P, 2013)	1.34
"Melatonin treatment of old animals largely prevented the age-associated alterations of mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters."	( Decline in cytochrome c oxidase activity in rat-brain mitochondria with aging. Role of peroxidized cardiolipin and beneficial effect of melatonin. De Benedictis, V; Paradies, G; Petrosillo, G; Ruggiero, FM, 2013)	1.31
"Melatonin pretreatment reduced the testicular and pituitary MDA concentrations and improves the SOD and CAT activities."	( Alleviating effects of melatonin on oxidative changes in the testes and pituitary glands evoked by subacute chlorpyrifos administration in Wistar rats. Ambali, SF; Ayo, JO; Mohammed, B; Uchendu, C; Umosen, AJ, 2012)	1.41
"Melatonin-treated rats was intraperitoneally injected with a daily single dose of 10 mg/kg melatonin for 14 days, but the last dose was given 30 min after local application of penicillin as a convulsant agent."	( Evaluation of the role of chronic daily melatonin administration and pinealectomy on penicillin-induced focal epileptiform activity and spectral analysis of ECoG in rats: an in vivo electrophysiological study. Abidin, I; Akca, M; Aydin-Abidin, S; Canpolat, S; Cansu, A; Yildirim, M, 2013)	1.38
"Melatonin treatment and sterile tissue injuries significantly (p<0.05) increased the plasma levels of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha compared to baseline levels. "	( Modulation of proinflammatory cytokines and leukocyte mobilization by melatonin in response to sterile tissue injury in Wistar albino rats. Al-Ani, B; Sakr, HF, 2013)	2.07
"With melatonin treatment, the loss of projection neurons and characteristic responses of interneurons were notably attenuated."	( Melatonin ameliorates injury and specific responses of ischemic striatal neurons in rats. Feng, Q; Feng, Z; Jia, Y; Jiang, Z; Lei, W; Li, Y; Liu, B; Ma, J; Ma, Y; Mu, S; Ouyang, L; Zhan, M, 2013)	2.29
"Melatonin treatment resulted in strong antitumor activity, as evidenced not only by reductions in tumor cell vitality, adhesion ability, migration ability and glutathione (GSH) levels but also by increase in the apoptotic index and reactive oxygen species."	( SIRT1 inhibition by melatonin exerts antitumor activity in human osteosarcoma cells. Cai, L; Cheng, Y; Feng, H; Gao, C; Jiang, P; Pan, H; Wang, C; Wang, J; Yang, Y, 2013)	1.43
"Melatonin treated animals were associated with increased oxidative stress as assessed with 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a marker of lipid peroxidation."	( Intraperitoneal melatonin is not neuroprotective in the G93ASOD1 transgenic mouse model of familial ALS and may exacerbate neurodegeneration. Dardiotis, E; Feldman, ML; Hadjigeorgiou, G; Hadjisavvas, A; Kyriakides, T; Kyriakou, K; Malas, S; Panayiotou, E; Vonta, I, 2013)	1.46
"Melatonin treatment at 50 mg/kg caused a significant reduction in liver/body weight ratios and decreased tumor volumes leading to an increase in the survival of animals."	( Melatonin inhibits cholangiocarcinoma and reduces liver injury in Opisthorchis viverrini-infected and N-nitrosodimethylamine-treated hamsters. Boonsiri, P; Charoensuk, L; Intuyod, K; Johns, NP; Laothong, U; Pairojkul, C; Pinlaor, P; Pinlaor, S; Priprem, A, 2013)	2.55
"Melatonin treatment significantly mitigated the increased expression of NADPH oxidase, pro-inflammatory mediators, and adhesion molecules."	( Melatonin ameliorates endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and systemic hypertension in rats with chronic intermittent hypoxia. Fung, ML; Hung, MW; Kravtsov, GM; Lau, CF; Poon, AM; Tipoe, GL, 2013)	2.55
"Melatonin treatment (4 mg/kg/day, i.p.) was initiated ten days after induction of cold injury and continued for three weeks."	( Effects of melatonin on behavioral changes of neonatal rats in a model of cortical dysplasia. Aci, A; Aktekin, B; Bingol, CA; Karadeli, HH; Kilic, E; Uzar, E; Yilmaz, B, 2013)	1.5
"Melatonin treatment tended to increase the percentage of positive cells to PR in deep glandular epithelium, independently of diet (P=0.09), and the greatest staining intensity of PR was observed in the luminal and superficial glandular epithelia (P<0.0001)."	( Effect of exogenous melatonin on embryo viability and uterine environment in undernourished ewes. Abecia, JA; Casao, A; Fernández-Foren, A; Forcada, F; Meikle, A; Sartore, I; Sosa, C; Vázquez, MI, 2013)	1.43
"Melatonin treatment was unable to influence on the recovery of the cut sciatic nerve in dark period."	( Does circadian rhythm disruption induced by light-at-night has beneficial effect of melatonin on sciatic nerve injury? Aslan, M; Demir, N; Kaya, Y; Sarikcioglu, L; Yildirim, FB, 2013)	1.34
"Melatonin treatment led to mucosal healing and reduced ulcerative colitis-induced elevated gut permeability and reduced the plasma LPS level, systemic inflammation, and genotoxicity."	( Melatonin reduces ulcerative colitis-associated local and systemic damage in mice: investigation on possible mechanisms. Jena, GB; Trivedi, PP, 2013)	2.55
"Melatonin co-treatment decreased lead-induced oxidative stress (peroxidation level) and toxic effects on kidneys without altering the lead-induced reduction in renal NO."	( Melatonin attenuates the effects of sub-acute administration of lead on kidneys in rats without altering the lead-induced reduction in nitric oxide. Alcaraz-Contreras, Y; Cárabez-Trejo, A; de Larrea, GZ; Gallegos-Corona, MA; Gutiérrez-Granados, S; Martínez-Alfaro, M; Ramírez-García, G, 2013)	2.55
"Melatonin treatment significantly increased the concentration of IL-10 and reduced the concentrations of NO and TNF-α produced by cardiomyocytes."	( Protective actions of melatonin against heart damage during chronic Chagas disease. da Costa, CM; do Prado Júnior, JC; dos Santos, CD; Kuehn, CC; Mendonça, VJ; Miranda, MA; Oliveira, LG, 2013)	1.43
"Melatonin treatment markedly attenuated cellular apoptosis by scavenging reactive oxygen species via its plasmalemmal receptor-independent increase in antioxidant enzyme activity."	( Melatonin prevents pancreatic β-cell loss due to glucotoxicity: the relationship between oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Bae, JH; Bae, KC; Cho, HC; Im, SS; Na, AY; Park, JH; Shim, HM; Song, DK, 2014)	2.57
"But melatonin treatment was found more efficient than SMT treatment."	( The protective effect of melatonin and S-methylisothiourea treatments in nitrogen mustard induced lung toxicity in rats. Aydin, I; Kenar, L; Korkmaz, A; Kunak, ZI; Macit, E; Onguru, O; Turel, S; Uysal, B; Yaman, H; Yaren, H, 2013)	1.17
"Melatonin treatment prevented all these changes."	( Age-related changes in mitochondrial function of mouse colonic smooth muscle: beneficial effects of melatonin. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Camello, PJ; Camello-Almaraz, C; Martin-Cano, FE; Pozo, MJ, 2014)	1.34
"Melatonin-treated plants (10 and 30 μm) had significantly higher fresh weight, primary root length, and shoot height compared with the nontreated plants."	( Role of melatonin in alleviating cold stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Bajwa, VS; Murch, SJ; Saxena, PK; Sherif, SM; Shukla, MR, 2014)	1.56
"Melatonin treatment in nonstressed fish induced an increase in liver glycogenolytic potential, increased the activity of some digestive enzymes, and enhanced serotoninergic and dopaminergic metabolism in hypothalamus."	( Oral administration of melatonin counteracts several of the effects of chronic stress in rainbow trout. Conde-Sieira, M; Gesto, M; López-Patiño, MA; Míguez, JM; Muñoz, JL; Soengas, JL, 2014)	1.43
"Melatonin in vitro treatment (1 mM) decreased cell viability (p<0.05)."	( Effect of melatonin on tumor growth and angiogenesis in xenograft model of breast cancer. Ali, MM; Arbab, AS; Borin, TF; de Campos Zuccari, DA; Ferreira, LC; Iskander, AS; Jardim-Perassi, BV; Shankar, A; Varma, NR, 2014)	1.53
"Melatonin treatment also resulted in decreased immunoreactivity for RHDV viral VP60 antigen and a significantly reduction in RHDV VP60 mRNA levels, oxidized to reduced glutathione ratio (GSSG/GSH), caspase-3 activity, and immunoglobulin-heavy-chain-binding protein (BiP) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) expression."	( Melatonin modulates the autophagic response in acute liver failure induced by the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus. Álvarez, M; Crespo, I; González-Gallego, J; Prieto, J; San-Miguel, B; Tuñón, MJ; Vallejo, D, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin-treated diabetic rats exhibited improved markers of liver injury (P < 0.05), alkaline phosphatase, and alanine and aspartate aminotransferases."	( Hepatoprotective effects of melatonin against pronecrotic cellular events in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Bogojević, D; Grigorov, I; Ivanović-Matić, S; Jovanović, S; Martinović, V; Petrović, A; Poznanović, G; Zolotarevski, L, 2014)	1.42
"Melatonin treatment significantly reduced LPS-induced neurobehavioral disturbances and brain damage in neonatal rats."	( Melatonin ameliorates brain injury induced by systemic lipopolysaccharide in neonatal rats. Fan, LW; Jow, GM; Kaizaki, A; Tien, LT; Wong, CS, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin treatment has an extremely wide margin of safety though it may cause minor adverse effects, such as headache, rash and nightmares."	( Melatonin for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Ho, KY; Siah, KT; Wong, RK, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin treatment in the perioperative period decreased clinical cardiac morbidity as well as the occurrence of myocardial ischemia after abdominal aortic aneurism repair."	( Melatonin reduces cardiac morbidity and markers of myocardial ischemia after elective abdominal aortic aneurism repair: a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Gögenur, I; Kücükakin, B; Panduro Jensen, L; Reiter, RJ; Rosenberg, J, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin pretreatment before the hangover prevented mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and induced a 79% decrement of hydrogen peroxide production as compared with ethanol hangover group."	( Effect of melatonin on motor performance and brain cortex mitochondrial function during ethanol hangover. Bustamante, J; Cutrera, RA; Czerniczyniec, A; Karadayian, AG; Lores-Arnaiz, S, 2014)	1.53
"Melatonin treatment significantly reduced the mRNA and protein levels of MUC5AC and reduced interleukin (IL)-6 production in EGF-stimulated H292 cells."	( Melatonin inhibits MUC5AC production via suppression of MAPK signaling in human airway epithelial cells. Ahn, KS; Jeon, CM; Kim, HS; Kim, JC; Kwon, OK; Lee, MY; Oh, SR; Park, JW; Shin, IS; Shin, NR, 2014)	2.57
"Thus melatonin treatment of postmenopausal rats was mostly due to the decrease of stem cell and extracellular matrix-related molecules in the skin."	( Stem cell and extracellular matrix-related molecules increase following melatonin treatment in the skin of postmenopausal rats. Arbak, S; Ince, U; Oktem, G; Soner, BC; Uslu, S; Uysal, A, 2014)	1.09
"Melatonin treatment prevented all the parameters of adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats."	( Protective effect of melatonin on adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Aydın, D; Aygün, H; Bilginoğlu, A; Ozsoy, S, 2014)	1.44
"Melatonin treatment following photochemically induced SCI in rats significantly ameliorated the functional deficits."	( Melatonin improves functional outcome via inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases-9 after photothrombotic spinal cord injury in rats. Hur, H; Jang, JW; Kim, HS; Lee, JK; Lee, SS; Piao, MS; Xiao, L, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin treatment (similar to lithium) was also effective in preventing the following alterations elicited by OUA: increase of RS and PC levels; depletion of NPSH levels; increase of SOD activity; and inhibition of CAT and GPx activities."	( The protective effect of melatonin against brain oxidative stress and hyperlocomotion in a rat model of mania induced by ouabain. Boeira, SP; Bortolatto, CF; Jesse, CR; Nogueira, CW; Souza, LC; Wilhelm, EA, 2014)	1.43
"Melatonin treatment increases CAMKII and p-CREB but had no effect on p-AMPK."	( Melatonin prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscle. Akira Uyemura, S; Alberici, LC; Amaral, FG; Araújo, MB; Baraldi, FG; Bomfim, LH; Carneiro, EM; Cipolla-Neto, J; Gomis, R; Lima, T; Passos, MA; Queiroz, AL; Sampaio, IH; Silveira, LR; Teodoro, BG; Vieira, E, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin treatment did not result in reduction of inflammatory or oxidative stress markers after experimental myocardial infarction compared to placebo."	( Melatonin does not affect oxidative/inflammatory biomarkers in a closed-chest porcine model of acute myocardial infarction. Aarøe, J; Ekeløf, S; Gögenur, I; Halladin, NL; Heegaard, PM; Jensen, SE; Kjærgaard, B; Lykkesfeldt, J; Rosenberg, J, )	3.02
"Melatonin treatment at a physiological concentration (10 nM) induced ASIC3 expression and IL-6 production."	( Melatonin Plays a Role as a Mediator of Nocturnal Pain in Patients with Shoulder Disorders. Cho, CH; Ha, E; Lho, YM; Seo, HJ, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin treatment, alterations of the normal light:dark cycle and light exposure at night."	( Melatonin and the circadian system: contributions to successful female reproduction. Reiter, RJ; Tamura, H; Tan, DX; Xu, XY, 2014)	3.29
"Melatonin treatment increased TRAIL-induced A549 cell death under hypoxic conditions, although hypoxia inhibited TRAIL-mediated cell apoptosis."	( Overcoming hypoxic-resistance of tumor cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through melatonin. Lee, JH; Lee, YJ; Moon, JH; Park, SY, 2014)	1.35
"Melatonin treatment also helped preserve the internal lamellar system of chloroplasts and alleviated the ultrastructural damage induced by drought stress."	( The ameliorative effects of exogenous melatonin on grape cuttings under water-deficient stress: antioxidant metabolites, leaf anatomy, and chloroplast morphology. Fang, YL; Meng, JF; Wang, ZZ; Xi, ZM; Xu, TF; Zhang, ZW, 2014)	1.39
"Melatonin treatment also resulted in reduced myocardium superoxide generation, gp91(phox) expression, malondialdehyde level, and increased myocardium superoxide dismutase (SOD) level, which indicate that the MI/R-induced oxidative stress was significantly attenuated."	( Melatonin receptor-mediated protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: role of SIRT1. Cheng, L; Duan, W; Jin, Z; Meng, Q; Pei, H; Sun, Y; Wang, X; Yang, Y; Yu, L; Yu, S; Zhai, M; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y, 2014)	2.57
"In melatonin treated rats, prefrontal tissue malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels were decreased significantly in comparison with MK-801 group (p < 0.0001)."	( Potential role of some oxidant/antioxidant status parameters in prefrontal cortex of rat brain in an experimental psychosis model and the protective effects of melatonin. Akyol, O; Kus, I; Ozyurt, B; Ozyurt, H; Sarsilmaz, M; Songur, A, 2014)	1.11
"Melatonin-treated rats showed a decreased insulin resistance, the highest values of plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and the lowest values of plasma uric acid."	( Melatonin normalizes clinical and biochemical parameters of mild inflammation in diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Cano Barquilla, P; Cardinali, DP; Esquifino, AI; Fernández-Mateos, P; Jiménez-Ortega, V; Pagano, ES, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin treatment improved locomotor functional outcome and rescued motor neurons. "	( Microvascular protective role of pericytes in melatonin-treated spinal cord injury in the C57BL/6 mice. Jing, Y; Li, B; Li, H; Liu, M; Liu, S; Wu, Q; Xiu, R; Yuan, X; Zhang, X, 2014)	2.1
"Melatonin treatment showed a potent neuroprotective action in experimental models and in clinical studies. "	( Promising Role of Melatonin as Neuroprotectant in Neurodegenerative Pathology. Biswas, J; Joshi, N; Nath, C; Singh, S, 2015)	2.19
"Melatonin treatment also induced rapid remodeling of hippocampal neurons; melatonin increased apical dendritic length and dendritic complexity in the CA1 region and reduced the dendritic spine density in the dentate gyrus region."	( Acute melatonin treatment alters dendritic morphology and circadian clock gene expression in the hippocampus of Siberian hamsters. Ikeno, T; Nelson, RJ, 2015)	1.62
"Melatonin treatment (3 and 6 wk) decreased serum insulin levels and the HOMA index (P < 0.05) with no effect on weight gain (after 3 wk), visceral adiposity, serum TG and glucose levels."	( Short-term melatonin consumption protects the heart of obese rats independent of body weight change and visceral adiposity. Blackhurst, D; Huisamen, B; Lochner, A; Nduhirabandi, F; Strijdom, H, 2014)	1.51
"Melatonin treatment markedly attenuated brain edema secondary to BBB dysfunctions by preventing the disruption of tight junction protein expression (ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5)."	( Melatonin attenuates inflammatory response-induced brain edema in early brain injury following a subarachnoid hemorrhage: a possible role for the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Chen, G; Chen, J; Gu, C; Li, J; Mo, H; Qian, C; Wang, L; Yan, F; Yan, W, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin treatment resulted in the regression of endometriotic lesions in oophorectomized rats. "	( The effects of different doses of melatonin treatment on endometrial implants in an oophorectomized rat endometriosis model. Attar, R; Cetinkaya, N; Ficicioglu, C; Ozkan, F; Yesildaglar, N; Yildirim, G; Yilmaz, B, 2015)	2.14
"Melatonin treatment resulted in an increase (P < 0.01) in serum melatonin and a decrease (P < 0.01) in serum progesterone and LH."	( Effectiveness of melatonin and controlled internal drug release device treatment on reproductive performance of buffalo heifers during out-of-breeding season under tropical conditions. Balhara, AK; Ghuman, SS; Phulia, SK; Ramadan, TA; Sharma, RK; Singh, I, 2014)	1.46
"Melatonin treatment significantly decreased COX, PGE2 and caspase-3 activity, increased Bcl-2 and had no effect on NF-κB levels in experimental PD."	( Mechanism of the beneficial effect of melatonin in experimental Parkinson's disease. Agar, A; Aslan, M; Dilmac, S; Gemici, B; Kaya, Y; Ogut, E; Ozkan, A; Ozsoy, O; Tanriover, G; Yildirim, FB, 2014)	1.39
"The melatonin pretreated irradiated rats showed less change in body weight as compared to radiation only group."	( Consequences of lethal-whole-body gamma radiation and possible ameliorative role of melatonin. Aliasgharzadeh, A; Mahdavi, SR; Mihandoost, E; Shirazi, A, 2014)	1.11
"Melatonin pre-treatment significantly increases the tolerance of both drought-tolerant Malus prunifolia and drought-sensitive M. "	( Melatonin mediates the regulation of ABA metabolism, free-radical scavenging, and stomatal behaviour in two Malus species under drought stress. Chang, C; Jia, D; Li, C; Liang, D; Ma, F; Tan, DX, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin treatments altered the expression of genes of serotonergic neurotransmission in the dorsal raphe (tph2, sert, vmat2 and 5ht1a) and serotonin contents in the amygdala."	( Melatonin adjusts the expression pattern of clock genes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and induces antidepressant-like effect in a mouse model of seasonal affective disorder. Furuse, M; Goda, R; Iwamoto, A; Kawai, M; Matsuo, H; Nagasawa, M; Nagy, AD; Otsuka, T; Yasuo, S, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin treatment reversed the increase of serum TNF-α levels and histopathological injury in renal tissue after renal IR."	( Effects of melatonin on the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tissue injury after renal ischemia reperfusion in rats. Baba, F; Hekimoglu, A; Oguz, E; Ozbilge, H; Tabur, S; Yerer, MB; Yilmaz, Z, 2015)	1.53
"Melatonin was her only treatment for the next 4 years; during this interval, her EDSS progressively recovered to 6.0 (the person needs intermittent or unilateral constant assistance such as cane, crutch, or brace to walk 100 meters with or without resting)."	( Melatonin treatment improves primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a case report. Álvarez-Sánchez, N; Carrillo-Vico, A; Cruz-Chamorro, I; Guerrero, JM; Lardone, PJ; López-González, A; Martínez-López, A; Reiter, RJ, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin treatment for 24-h decreased the levels of phospho-ERK1/2, but significantly increased Akt phosphorylation and protein expression of the histone acetyltransferase, p300."	( Epigenetic mechanisms of melatonin action in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Niles, LP; Pan, Y, 2015)	1.44
"Melatonin cotreatment increased the MT2 mRNA expression in the liver of rats that received the highest doses of lead."	( Melatonin reduces lead levels in blood, brain and bone and increases lead excretion in rats subjected to subacute lead treatment. Barrientos, EY; Díaz-Muñoz, M; Flores, A; Hernández-Plata, E; Martínez-Alfaro, M; Méndez, I; Quiroz-Compeán, F; Ramírez-Garcia, G; Robles, J; Rodríguez-Morales, NM; Wrobel, K, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin treatment exerted a cytotoxic effect on CCA cells by inhibiting CCA cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner."	( Melatonin induces apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines by activating the reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Hiraku, Y; Intuyod, K; Laothong, U; Murata, M; Oikawa, S; Pinlaor, S, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin treatment of intact gilts failed to advance the age of puberty irrespective of their season of birth (P>0.05)."	( Melatonin implants do not alter estrogen feedback or advance puberty in gilts. Hughes, PE; Kennaway, DJ; van Wettere, WH, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin pretreatment before radiation also decreased G2 -M phase arrest compared with irradiation alone, with a higher percentage of cells in the G0 -G1 phase and a lower percentage of cells in S phase."	( Melatonin sensitizes human breast cancer cells to ionizing radiation by downregulating proteins involved in double-strand DNA break repair. Alonso-González, C; Cos, S; Gómez-Arozamena, J; González, A; Martínez-Campa, C, 2015)	2.58
"The melatonin-treated group showed a histological improvement of inflammation."	( Melatonin improves experimental colitis with sleep deprivation. Baik, HW; Chung, SH; Kim, DS; Kim, JB; Kim, JH; Kim, TK; Lee, SK; Park, YS, 2015)	2.34
"Melatonin treatment led to malondialdehyde decrease after 40 days (p< 0.05), but surprisingly had no effect on other analyzed parameters."	( The effect of melatonin on the liver of rats exposed to microwave radiation. Basic, J; Despotovic, M; Djordjevic, B; Jevtovic-Stoimenov, T; Kocic, G; Sokolovic, D; Sokolovic, DM; Veljkovic, A, 2015)	1.5
"Melatonin treatment significantly affected total activity time, number of lateral approaches and mount attempts in comparison to controls."	( Melatonin administration enhances the reproductive capacity of young rams under a southern Mediterranean environment. Ben Salem, I; Fehri, Y; Hilali, ME; Lassoued, N; Rekik, M; Sakly, C; Taboubi, R, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin treatment significantly increased protein kinase C (PKC) activity 2.1-fold."	( Melatonin-mediated inhibition of Purkinje neuron P-type Ca²⁺ channels in vitro induces neuronal hyperexcitability through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent protein kinase C delta pathway. Gong, S; Jiang, X; Li, H; Liu, C; Pu, Y; Tao, J; Zhang, Y, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin treatment during Trial 2 led to an improvement in the subjective sleep difficulty between the pre- and post-treatment surveys; however there were no significant differences in the objective measures of sleep."	( Sleep deficits in the High Arctic summer in relation to light exposure and behaviour: use of melatonin as a countermeasure. Arendt, J; Brett, K; Hawton, A; Love, RJ; McCreary, DR; Paul, MA, 2015)	1.36
"Melatonin treatment partially or completely re-established the daily mRNA expression profiles of most genes studied."	( Daily differential expression of melatonin-related genes and clock genes in rat cumulus-oocyte complex: changes after pinealectomy. Amaral, FG; Cipolla-Neto, J; Coelho, LA; Peres, R; Reiter, RJ, 2015)	1.42
"Melatonin treatment decreased serum CTX levels and increased b-ALP levels. "	( Therapeutic Effects of Melatonin on Alveolar Bone Resorption After Experimental Periodontitis in Rats: A Biochemical and Immunohistochemical Study. Arabacı, T; Duman, ŞB; Ibişoğlu, E; Kara, A; Kermen, E; Kızıldağ, A; Köse, O; Özkanlar, S, 2015)	2.17
"Melatonin pretreatment of the AlCl3 -administered rats reduced brain damage, and the tissues appeared like those of the control rats."	( The protective properties of melatonin against aluminium-induced neuronal injury. Abdel Moneim, AE; Al-Olayan, EM; El-Khadragy, MF, 2015)	1.43
"Melatonin treatment to ZDF rats decreases serum levels of ALT (P < 0.001), alleviates liver steatosis and vacuolation, and also mitigates diabetic-induced mitochondrial abnormalities, glycogen, and lipid accumulation."	( Melatonin reduces hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic obese rats. Abdo, W; Agil, A; El-Hammadi, M; Fernández-Vázquez, G; Jiménez-Aranda, A; Reiter, RJ; Tassi, M, 2015)	2.58
"Two melatonin treatments of pre-veraison grape berries increased the weight of the berries by approximately 6.6%."	( Melatonin treatment of pre-veraison grape berries to increase size and synchronicity of berries and modify wine aroma components. Hu, F; Meng, JF; Song, CZ; Xi, ZM; Xu, TF; Yu, Y; Zhang, L; Zhang, ZW, 2015)	2.34
"Melatonin treated patients received lower amount of enteral hydroxyzine. "	( Melatonin reduces the need for sedation in ICU patients: a randomized controlled trial. Cerri, B; D'Agostino, A; Formenti, P; Fraschini, F; Iapichino, G; Mantovani, ES; Miori, S; Mistraletti, G; Morabito, A; Reiter, RJ; Sabbatini, G; Salini, S; Spanu, P; Taverna, M; Umbrello, M, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin treatment to healthy rats caused a 47% increase in epididymal GPx activity in 14-week-old rats."	( Effect of Melatonin Intake on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Male Reproductive Organs of Rats under Experimental Diabetes. Costa, CF; de Almeida, EA; Gobbo, MG; Góes, RM; Silva, DG, 2015)	1.54
"Melatonin treatment attenuated hepatic I/R-induced increases in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels and also ameliorated hepatic injury-induced pathologic lesions and increases of positive terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining in hepatic tissues. "	( Melatonin attenuates hepatic ischemia through mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Gim, SA; Koh, PO, 2015)	3.3
"Melatonin-treated cells also formed smaller lipid droplets and abundantly expressed several molecules associated with lipolysis, including adipose triglyceride lipase, perilipin, and comparative gene identification-58."	( Melatonin promotes adipogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Izawa, T; Kato, H; Kizaki, T; Masuda, S; Ogasawara, J; Ohno, H; Sakurai, T; Tanaka, G, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin treatment also influenced the expression of HDAC-related molecules (HDAC1 and Ac-histone H3), upregulated the apoptosis-related molecules (PUMA and Bax), and downregulated the proliferation-related molecule (PCNA) and the anti-apoptosis-related molecule (Bcl2)."	( HDAC1 inhibition by melatonin leads to suppression of lung adenocarcinoma cells via induction of oxidative stress and activation of apoptotic pathways. Di, S; Fan, C; Jiang, S; Li, T; Li, W; Li, X; Ma, Z; Pan, Y; Reiter, RJ; Yan, X; Yang, Y; Zhang, Z, 2015)	1.46
"Melatonin pre-treatment significantly inhibited radiation-induced DNA strands breaks and lipid peroxidation."	( Radioprotective potential of melatonin against ⁶⁰Co γ-ray-induced testicular injury in male C57BL/6 mice. Adhikari, JS; Chaudhury, NK; Khan, S; Rizvi, MA, 2015)	1.43
"Melatonin and Y27632 treatments reduced cell viability and invasion/migration of both cell lines and decreased ROCK-1 gene expression in metastatic cells and protein expression in nonmetastatic cell line."	( Melatonin decreases breast cancer metastasis by modulating Rho-associated kinase protein-1 expression. Arbab, AS; Borin, TF; Coimbra, VB; de Oliveira, JG; Fabri, VA; Ferreira, LC; Gelaleti, GB; Iskander, AS; Jardim-Perassi, BV; Moschetta, MG; Shankar, A; Varma, NR; Zuccari, DA, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin treatment up-regulated SIRT1 expression, reduced oxidative damage, and suppressed PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 signaling."	( Reduced silent information regulator 1 signaling exacerbates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in type 2 diabetic rats and the protective effect of melatonin. Chen, W; Dong, X; Duan, W; Jin, Z; Liang, H; Liu, J; Yang, J; Yang, Y; Yi, D; Yi, W; Yu, L; Yu, S; Zhai, M; Zhao, G, 2015)	1.34
"Melatonin treatment reduced macrophage expression of Cat-2b, Cat1, and ArgI, genes involved in arginine uptake and polyamine synthesis."	( Melatonin attenuates Leishmania (L.) amazonensis infection by modulating arginine metabolism. Floeter-Winter, LM; Laranjeira-Silva, MF; Markus, RP; Muxel, SM; Zampieri, RA, 2015)	2.58
"Melatonin treatment of the chick embryo starting at day 13 of incubation, equivalent to ca."	( Melatonin rescues cardiovascular dysfunction during hypoxic development in the chick embryo. Beck, C; Giussani, DA; Itani, N; Niu, Y; Skeffington, KL, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin treatment prevented previously registered increases in malondialdehyde after only 20 days. "	( The Effects of Melatonin on Oxidative Stress Parameters and DNA Fragmentation in Testicular Tissue of Rats Exposed to Microwave Radiation. Binic, I; Despotovic, M; Djordjevic, B; Jankovic, R; Kocic, G; Milisavljevic, D; Ristic, G; Sokolovic, D; Sokolovic, DM; Stanojkovic, Z; Stoimenov, TJ; Veljkovic, A, )	1.93
"Melatonin pretreatment were conducted before anesthesia for 7 Days."	( Melatonin pretreatment prevents isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by modulating sleep-wake rhythm in mice. Chu, S; Cui, Y; Gu, X; Ma, Z; Qian, Y; Song, J; Xia, T, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin pretreatment ameliorated disturbed sleep-wake cycle, improved isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction, and reversed the down-regulation of CREB and NR2B expression."	( Melatonin pretreatment prevents isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by modulating sleep-wake rhythm in mice. Chu, S; Cui, Y; Gu, X; Ma, Z; Qian, Y; Song, J; Xia, T, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin treatment did not show a protective effect on neuronal metabolism."	( No improvement of neuronal metabolism in the reperfusion phase with melatonin treatment after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the neonatal rat. Berger, HR; Brubakk, AM; Morken, TS; Sonnewald, U; Vettukattil, R; Widerøe, M, 2016)	1.39
"Melatonin treatment with either dose reversed the aging-derived inflammation (p<0.05)."	( Melatonin decreases the expression of inflammation and apoptosis markers in the lung of a senescence-accelerated mice model. Carrasco, A; Escames, G; Paredes, SD; Puig, Á; Rancan, L; Tresguerres, JA; Vara, E, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin treatment attenuated the decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase in the striatum and abolished it in the substantia nigra."	( Chronic low-dose melatonin treatment maintains nigrostriatal integrity in an intrastriatal rotenone model of Parkinson's disease. Carriere, CH; Kang, NH; Niles, LP, 2016)	1.5
"Melatonin treatment under cold stress increased fluorescence curve levels for both genotypes, and higher in T than S genotypes."	( Comparative photosynthetic and metabolic analyses reveal mechanism of improved cold stress tolerance in bermudagrass by exogenous melatonin. Amombo, E; Chen, L; Fan, J; Fu, J; Gitau, MM; Hu, Z; Khaldun, ABM; Liu, A; Xie, Y, 2016)	1.36
"Melatonin treatment significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose levels in the rats with DM. "	( Effects of Melatonin on Oxidative Stress Index and Alveolar Bone Loss in Diabetic Rats With Periodontitis. Arabaci, T; Gedikli, S; Kara, A; Kermen, E; Kizildag, A; Kose, O; Ozkanlar, S; Yemenoglu, H, 2016)	2.27
"Melatonin treatment activated the autophagy flux signals, which were identified by the decreased levels of p62 protein."	( Melatonin protects skin keratinocyte from hydrogen peroxide-mediated cell death via the SIRT1 pathway. Eo, SK; Lee, JH; Lee, YJ; Moon, JH; Nazim, UM; Park, SY; Seol, JW, 2016)	2.6
"In melatonin- treated glands, the number of granules associated with the MT1 receptor was twice that in untreated glands, despite the same total granule number in the two glands."	( Dynamics of the melatonin MT1 receptor in the rat parotid gland upon melatonin administration. Ekstrom, J; Isola, M; Isola, R; Lilliu, MA; Loy, F, 2016)	1.29
"Melatonin pretreatment partially restored morphine's antinociceptive effect in morphine-tolerant rats and reversed morphine-induced HSP27 upregulation."	( Melatonin reverses morphine tolerance by inhibiting microglia activation and HSP27 expression. Huang, YN; Kao, JH; Lin, SH; Tien, LT; Tsai, RY; Wong, CS, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin treatment (100, 200 nM) significantly attenuated the clinostat-induced increases in LC3 II protein, and immunofluorescence staining revealed decreased levels of both LC3 and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (Lamp2), indicating a decrease in autophagosomes."	( Melatonin Suppresses Autophagy Induced by Clinostat in Preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 Cells. Han, TY; Kim, HS; Yoo, YM, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin treatment (1 mM) for 48 hours reduced the cell viability of MDA-MB-231, CAFs and co-culture (p < 0.05). "	( Melatonin Regulates Angiogenic and Inflammatory Proteins in MDA-MB-231 Cell Line and in Co-culture with Cancer-associated Fibroblasts. Bordin, NA; Borin, TF; Cardoso, JP; Corrêa, LA; Gelaleti, GB; Jardim-Perassi, BV; Lacerda, JZ; Lopes, JR; Maschio-Signorini, LB; Moschetta, MG; Roela, RA; Zuccari, DA, 2016)	3.32
"Melatonin treatment activated mitophagy through the mTOR pathway, then to attenuate TBI-induced inflammation."	( Melatonin attenuates traumatic brain injury-induced inflammation: a possible role for mitophagy. Chao, H; Hou, L; Ji, J; Li, Z; Lin, C; Liu, N; Liu, Y; Xu, X, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin treatment resulted in an increase (P < 0.01) in the overall mean superoxide dismutase activity."	( Manipulation of reproductive performance of lactating buffaloes using melatonin and controlled internal drug release device treatment during out-of-breeding season under tropical conditions. Balhara, AK; Ghuman, SS; Phulia, SK; Ramadan, TA; Sharma, RK; Singh, I, 2016)	1.39
"Melatonin pre-treatment attenuates PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-mediated ER stress and apoptosis during MI/R injury via RISK and SAFE pathways interaction."	( Melatonin reduces PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: role of RISK and SAFE pathways interaction. Chen, W; Duan, W; Jin, Z; Li, B; Liu, J; Liu, Z; Wang, S; Yang, J; Yang, Y; Yi, D; Yu, L; Yu, S; Zhang, M; Zhao, G, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin treatment in a human recall-by-genotype study reduced insulin secretion and raised glucose levels more extensively in risk G-allele carriers."	( Increased Melatonin Signaling Is a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes. Alenkvist, I; Almgren, P; Asplund, O; Bennet, H; Fadista, J; Fex, M; Forsén, T; Groop, L; Hakaste, L; Isomaa, B; Martikainen, S; Mulder, H; Nagorny, CLF; Östman, B; Pesonen, AK; Räikkönen, K; Shcherbina, L; Singh, P; Söderström, J; Storm, P; Tengholm, A; Tuomi, T; Wierup, N; Yu, Q, 2016)	1.56
"The melatonin group was treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) melatonin and ampicillin-sulbactam, the selenium group was treated with i.p."	( Protective effects of melatonin and selenium against apoptosis of olfactory sensory neurons: A rat model study. Aksakal, C; Cayli, S; Koc, S; Ocakli, S; Somuk, BT; Soyalic, H; Yüce, S, 2016)	1.23
"Melatonin treatment significantly reduced the mRNA expression of catecholamine synthases, including the rate-limiting enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (Th), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase and dopamine-β-hydroxylase expressed in PC12 cells."	( Melatonin regulates catecholamine biosynthesis by modulating bone morphogenetic protein and glucocorticoid actions. Hara, T; Hosoya, T; Inagaki, K; Iwata, N; Komatsubara, M; Otsuka, F; Toma, K; Tsukamoto-Yamauchi, N; Wada, J, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin treatment to hyperthyroidic group lead to decreased TBARS level with a concomitant increase in antioxidant enzyme activity."	( Melatonin alleviates hyperthyroidism induced oxidative stress and neuronal cell death in hippocampus of aged female golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus. Agrawal, NK; Haldar, C; Mukherjee, A; Rao, G; Verma, R, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin treatment induced antioxidant and antiaging effects in the hippocampus of adult TS mice."	( Chronic Melatonin Administration Reduced Oxidative Damage and Cellular Senescence in the Hippocampus of a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome. García-Cerro, S; Lantigua, S; Martínez-Cué, C; Parisotto, EB; Rueda, N; Sanchez-Barceló, EJ; Vidal, V; Wilhelm Filho, D, 2016)	1.59
"Melatonin treatment decreased immobility in comparison with the placebo group, reflecting an antidepressant-like effect."	( Melatonin mediated antidepressant-like effect in the hippocampus of chronic stress-induced depression rats: Regulating vesicular monoamine transporter 2 and monoamine oxidase A levels. Djordjevic, J; Dronjak, S; Jasnic, N; Jovanovic, P; Spasojevic, N; Stefanovic, B, 2016)	2.6
"The melatonin-treated REMSD group showed an increased neural precursor in 44% with respect to the REMSD group and in 28% when contrasted with the control group (P < 0.021)."	( Prophylactic Role of Oral Melatonin Administration on Neurogenesis in Adult Balb/C Mice during REM Sleep Deprivation. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Chaparro-Huerta, V; Flores-Soto, ME; González-Castañeda, RE; González-Perez, O; Jave-Suarez, LF; López-Armas, G; Rusanova, I; Soto-Rodríguez, S, 2016)	1.22
"Melatonin treatment was administered 24 hours prior to Aβ1-42 administration via an intraperitoneal injection."	( Protective effect of melatonin on soluble Aβ1-42-induced memory impairment, astrogliosis, and synaptic dysfunction via the Musashi1/Notch1/Hes1 signaling pathway in the rat hippocampus. Bi, J; Hu, C; Ren, L; Wang, P; Zhang, S, 2016)	1.47
"Melatonin treatment alone improved circadian activity rhythms, attenuated induction of β-cell failure, and enhanced glucose tolerance."	( Administration of Melatonin and Metformin Prevents Deleterious Effects of Circadian Disruption and Obesity in Male Rats. Hoang, J; Matveyenko, AV; Nguyen, A; Rakshit, K; Thomas, AP; Vongbunyong, K, 2016)	1.49
"Melatonin-treated spermatozoa were then used for in vitro fertilization, followed by analysis of subsequent embryo development and the expression of apoptosis- and antioxidant-related genes."	( Protective effects of melatonin on bovine sperm characteristics and subsequent in vitro embryo development. Du, WH; Hao, HS; Huang, ZQ; Jiang, XL; Pang, YW; Sun, YQ; Zhao, SJ; Zhao, XM; Zhu, HB, 2016)	1.47
"The melatonin-treated mice presented higher expression of neuronal markers (P < 0.001)."	( Effects of melatonin on severe crush spinal cord injury-induced reactive astrocyte and scar formation. Govitrapong, P; Jongkamonwiwat, N; Krityakiarana, W; Mukda, S; Phansuwan-Pujito, P; Pinilla, FG; Sompup, K, 2016)	1.31
"Melatonin treatment suppressed ovarian mitochondrial oxidative damage by decreasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) generation, inhibiting apoptosis, repressing collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and preserving respiratory chain complex activities."	( Melatonin improves age-induced fertility decline and attenuates ovarian mitochondrial oxidative stress in mice. Fu, B; Mao, T; Peng, W; Song, C; Wu, H; Yin, S; Zhang, J; Zhang, Y; Zhao, J, 2016)	2.6
"Melatonin treatment partially prevented these reductions."	( Melatonin prevents blood vessel loss and neurological impairment induced by spinal cord injury in rats. Bai, F; Chen, H; Dong, H; Jing, Y, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin treatment effectively ameliorated MI/R injury by reducing infarct size, myocardial apoptosis, and oxidative stress."	( Melatonin rescues cardiac thioredoxin system during ischemia-reperfusion injury in acute hyperglycemic state by restoring Notch1/Hes1/Akt signaling in a membrane receptor-dependent manner. Fan, C; Li, Z; Wang, H; Xu, Y; Xue, X; Yang, Y; Yu, L; Zhang, J; Zhao, G, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin treatment significantly enhanced the number of lipid droplets (LDs) and upregulated gene expression related to lipogenesis (ACACA, FASN, PPARγ, and SREBF1)."	( Melatonin regulates lipid metabolism in porcine oocytes. Jin, JX; Kim, GA; Lee, BC; Lee, S; Taweechaipaisankul, A, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin treatment significantly alleviated oxaliplatin-induced pain behavior and neuropathic deficits in rats."	( Melatonin prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and promotes neuroprotection by inducing autophagy during oxaliplatin-evoked peripheral neuropathy. Akuthota, M; Areti, A; Komirishetty, P; Kumar, A; Malik, RA, 2017)	2.62
"Melatonin treatment induced the expression of indole-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and enhanced the activity of the IDO1 promoter while decreasing the expression of arylalkylamine N-acetyl transferase."	( Regulating the balance between the kynurenine and serotonin pathways of tryptophan metabolism. Hu, N; Li, Y; Oxenkrug, G; Yang, D; Yang, Q, 2017)	1.18
"Melatonin treatment could improve memory deficits, antioxidants activity and reduced MDA levels in the hippocampus."	( Maternal administration of melatonin prevents spatial learning and memory deficits induced by developmental ethanol and lead co-exposure. Abrari, K; Goudarzi, I; Lashkarbolouki, T; Soleimani, E, 2017)	1.47
"Melatonin treatment significantly reduced milk SCC."	( Exogenous melatonin reduces somatic cell count of milk in Holstein cows. Chai, M; Ji, P; Liu, G; Shi, J; Song, Y; Tao, J; Tian, J; Wang, J; Xu, Z; Yang, M; Zhu, K, 2017)	1.58
"Melatonin and estradiol treatment exhibited a similar effect in male mice."	( Treatment with testosterone or estradiol in melatonin treated females and males MRL/MpJ-Faslpr mice induces negative effects in developing systemic lupus erythematosus. Guerrero, JM; Jimenez-Caliani, AJ; Jimenez-Jorge, S; Molinero, P; Osuna, C; Rubio, A, 2008)	1.33
"(2)Melatonin treatment alleviated total hepatic I/R-induced lung injury."	( [Total hepatic ischemia-reperfusion-induced lung injury in rats and protective effects of melatonin]. Jia, R; Jiang, CL; Yang, BX; Zhao, D, 2008)	1.08
"Melatonin treatment reversed all these oxidant and antioxidant parameters to control values as well as serum liver enzymes."	( Melatonin treatment against remote organ injury induced by renal ischemia reperfusion injury in diabetes mellitus. Fadillioglu, E; Gursul, C; Iraz, M; Kurcer, Z; Parlakpinar, H, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin pretreatment prevented every alteration induced by diazinon, except the diminution of acetylcholinesterase plasmatic activity."	( Melatonin prevents damage elicited by the organophosphorous pesticide diazinon on the mouse testis. Bustos-Obregón, E; Maurer, I; Sarabia, L, 2009)	2.52
"Melatonin treatment reduced colonic lesions and improved colitis symptom, and decreased the protein and mRNA expressions of IL-8 and MCP-1 significantly in colon tissues of rats with colitis."	( Melatonin reduces the expression of chemokines in rat with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis. Li, HX; Li, JH; Liu, K; Wang, L; Zhou, W, 2008)	2.51
"The melatonin treatment of the control subjects caused an increase in CTT (mean+/-SD) from 27.4+/-10.5 to 37.4+/-23.8 h (P=0.04). "	( The effects of melatonin on colonic transit time in normal controls and IBS patients. Gwee, KA; Ho, KY; Lu, WZ; Song, GH, 2009)	1.26
"Melatonin pretreatment significantly ameliorated the radiation-induced decline in the Dcx and Ki-67 positive cells."	( Cranial irradiation-induced inhibition of neurogenesis in hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult mice: attenuation by melatonin pretreatment. Anzai, K; Manda, K; Ueno, M, 2009)	1.28
"Melatonin treatment significantly prevented the increase in the MDA content and XO activity in the brain tissue after 40 days of exposure while it was unable to prevent the decrease of CAT activity and increase of carbonyl group contents."	( Melatonin reduces oxidative stress induced by chronic exposure of microwave radiation from mobile phones in rat brain. Bjelakovic, G; Cvetkovic, T; Djindjic, B; Kocic, G; Krstic, D; Nikolic, J; Pavlovic, D; Pavlovic, V; Sokolovic, D, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin treatment increased GSH levels and GSH-Px activity, decreased MDA level in testicular tissue, and increased plasma T level."	( Potential chemoprotective effect of melatonin in cyclophosphamide- and cisplatin-induced testicular damage in rats. Cekmen, M; Ilbey, YO; Otunctemur, A; Ozbek, E; Simsek, A; Somay, A, 2009)	1.35
"Melatonin treated rats showed a relative increment in the intensity of MAP-2 immuno-staining in both regions after 6 or 12 months of treatment, as compared with age matched control rats."	( Melatonin attenuates the decrement of dendritic protein MAP-2 immuno-staining in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 fields of the aging male rat. Cisneros, LO; Gutiérrez-Ospina, G; Jiménez-Trejo, F; Mendoza-Torreblanca, J; Prieto-Gómez, B; Reyes, ME; Reyes-Vázquez, C; Velázquez-Paniagua, M, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin treatment also resulted in increased caspase-8 activity, although no significant change was observed in Fas-L expression."	( Melatonin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cell line. González, P; González-Gallego, J; Jorquera, F; Martín-Renedo, J; Mauriz, JL; Ruiz-Andrés, O, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin treatment significantly reduced MDA levels and elevated SOD and GSH-Px activities in rats received CCl(4) plus melatonin."	( Inhibition of carbon tetrachloride-mediated apoptosis and oxidative stress by melatonin in experimental liver fibrosis. Kus, I; Ogeturk, M; Pekmez, H; Sahin, S; Sarsilmaz, M; Yekeler, H, 2008)	1.3
"Melatonin pre-treatment augmented the decrease in erythrocyte deformability but prevented lipid peroxidation."	( Melatonin prevents lipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes but augments deterioration of deformability after in vitro oxidative stress. Dikmenoglu, N; Ercil, D; Ileri, E; Seringec, N, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin treatment significantly improved global PSQI scores (P = 0.012), particularly sleep latency (P = 0.008) and sleep duration (P = 0.046)."	( Effect of melatonin administration on subjective sleep quality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Bruin, PF; Bruin, VM; Machado, MO; Mota, RM; Nunes, DM; Pereira, ED, 2008)	1.47
"Melatonin pretreatment significantly reduced the haemorrhagic lesions and decreased esophageal lipid peroxidation aggravated by RE."	( Melatonin protects against experimental reflux esophagitis. Lahiri, S; Palit, G; Pant, KK; Rasheed, N; Singh, P; Singh, S, 2009)	2.52
"Melatonin treatment increased the mean rate of protein synthesis in rats of different age."	( [Melatonin promotes and synchronizes protein synthesis in hepatocyte culture from old rats]. Bespiatykh, AIu; Brodskiĭ, VIa; Burlakova, OV; Dubovaia, TK; Fateeva, VI; Golichenkov, VA; Mal'chenko, LA; Zvezdina, ND, )	1.76
"Melatonin treatment for two months significantly improved sleep quality scores measured by the NHSMI test (1.78+/-0.40) when compared with both basal (3.72+/-0.45; p=0.001) and placebo (3.44+/-0.56; p=0.025) groups. "	( Effect of melatonin administration on sleep, behavioral disorders and hypnotic drug discontinuation in the elderly: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Aramburu, O; Garzón, C; Guerrero, JM; Guzmán, T, 2009)	2.2
"Melatonin treatment of IH-exposed animals decreased blood pressure, blood glucose, and ROS and nitrite/nitrate levels, and increased vasodilation and capillary perfusion."	( Melatonin reduces microvascular damage and insulin resistance in hamsters due to chronic intermittent hypoxia. Bertuglia, S; Reiter, RJ, 2009)	2.52
"Melatonin treatment did not prevent the IR-induced reduction in sperm concentration."	( Effect of melatonin on epididymal sperm quality after testicular ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Aral, F; Baba, F; Hekimoglu, A; Kurcer, Z; Sahna, E, 2010)	1.48
"Melatonin treatment suppresses the hyperthyroidism-induced oxidative damage as well as TNF-alpha response."	( The interaction of oxidative stress response with cytokines in the thyrotoxic rat: is there a link? Akyildiz, M; Icoz, G; Makay, B; Makay, O; Ozgen, G; Unsal, E; Yenisey, C; Yetkin, E, 2009)	1.07
"Melatonin treatment restricts the elevation of plasma AST and ALT activities (P < 0.001), which remain significantly increased as compared with controls."	( Protective effect of melatonin against oxidative hepatic injury after experimental thermal trauma. Bekyarova, G; Hristova, M; Tancheva, S, )	1.17
"Melatonin co-treatment prevented the development of hyperplastic urothelium, statistically significantly decreased proliferation and apoptotic indices after four and five doses of CP and caused higher differentiation state of superficial urothelial cells."	( Melatonin prevents the development of hyperplastic urothelium induced by repeated doses of cyclophosphamide. Jezernik, K; Vidmar, G; Zupancic, D, 2009)	2.52
"Melatonin treatment had no effect (p > 0.10) on daily fecal shedding, luminal content concentrations, or in the percentage of gastrointestinal tract tissue positive for the inoculated strain of E."	( Influence of exogenous melatonin on horizontal transfer of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in experimentally infected sheep. Anderson, RC; Callaway, TR; Edrington, TS; Farrow, RL; Genovese, KJ; Nisbet, DJ, )	1.16
"Melatonin pre-treatment of Fe3+/ascorbic acid-treated platelets caused a mar ked reduction in malondialdehyde and phosphatidylserine levels and a marked increase in glutathione levels."	( Oxidized-LDL and Fe3+/ascorbic acid-induced oxidative modifications and phosphatidylserine exposure in human platelets are reduced by melatonin. Bingol-Ozakpinar, O; Cevik, O; Ozsavci, D; Sener, A; Yanikkaya-Demirel, G; Yardimci, T, 2009)	1.28
"Melatonin co-treatment attenuated MPP(+)-induced FGF9 down-regulation and DA neuronal apoptosis in vivo and in vitro."	( Fibroblast growth factor 9 prevents MPP+-induced death of dopaminergic neurons and is involved in melatonin neuroprotection in vivo and in vitro. Chuang, JI; Hong, YT; Huang, JY, 2009)	1.29
"When melatonin treatment was used, however, the responses of flocks on individual farms were difficult to predict because within a year, responses did not occur on all farms."	( Effects of annual rainfall and farm on lamb production after treatment with melatonin implants in Merino sheep: a 4-year study. Abecia, JA; Arrebola, FA; Forcada, F; Garcia, A; Martín, RA; Mesa, O, 2009)	1.04
"Melatonin treatment significantly inhibited the growth of LNCaP cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner."	( Melatonin induces apoptotic death in LNCaP cells via p38 and JNK pathways: therapeutic implications for prostate cancer. Joo, SS; Yoo, YM, 2009)	2.52
"Melatonin treatment restored the levels of MDA, SOD, GSH, and HSP70 induction as compared to the ischemic group."	( Melatonin provides neuroprotection by reducing oxidative stress and HSP70 expression during chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in ovariectomized rats. Barut, F; Ozacmak, HS; Ozacmak, VH, 2009)	2.52
"Melatonin treatment (1 mm) induced a significant increase in caspase-3 and -9 activities."	( Melatonin induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human myeloid HL-60 cells. Barriga, C; Bejarano, I; Espino, J; Paredes, SD; Pariente, JA; Redondo, PC; Reiter, RJ; Rodríguez, AB; Rosado, JA, 2009)	2.52
"Melatonin-treated groups showed less apoptosis as indicated by a considerable decrease in caspace-3 immunoreactivity (P < 0.05)."	( Effect of melatonin and time of administration on irradiation-induced damage to rat testes. Erdogan, D; Göktas, G; Guney, Y; Helvacioglu, F; Hicsonmez, A; Ozbey, G; Ozkan, S; Take, G; Uluoglu, C; Yücel, B, 2009)	1.48
"Melatonin treatment (50 mg/kg/daily, i.p.) was initiated 24 hr after DMN injection for 14 days, after which the rats were killed and samples were collected."	( Melatonin downregulates nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor-kappaB during prevention of oxidative liver injury in a dimethylnitrosamine model. Hong, SS; Hong, SW; Jung, KH; Lee, DH; Zheng, HM, 2009)	2.52
"melatonin treatment prevents oxidative stress in the cardiac tissue as induced by experimental cholestasis."	( Effect of melatonin on myocardial oxidative stress induced by experimental obstructive jaundice. Arjona, A; Cruz, A; Montilla, P; Muntané, J; Padillo, FJ; Ramírez, LM; Segura, J; Tasset, I; Túnez, I, 2009)	2.2
"In melatonin and vitamin C-treated groups, eNOS immunoreactivity was diffuse and the intensity of reaction was (+++) in subepicardial region."	( Effect of melatonin and vitamin C on expression of endothelial NOS in heart of chronic alcoholic rats. Akkuş, D; Narin, F; Ozdamar, S; Sönmez, MF, 2009)	1.27
"Melatonin treatment significantly improves the functional recovery of Langerdoff hearts on reperfusion, reduces the infarct size, and decreases necrotic damage as shown by the reduced release of lactate dehydrogenase."	( Melatonin protects against heart ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Colantuono, G; Di Venosa, N; Fiore, T; Moro, N; Paradies, G; Petrosillo, G; Ruggiero, FM; Tiravanti, E, 2009)	2.52
"Melatonin treatment significantly attenuated both the L-DOPA and MPTP-induced increases in the levels of striatal 6-OHDA, and protected against striatal DA depletion caused by the neurotoxin."	( Melatonin inhibits 6-hydroxydopamine production in the brain to protect against experimental parkinsonism in rodents. Borah, A; Mohanakumar, KP, 2009)	2.52
"Melatonin treatment significantly attenuated the effect of STZ-induced oxidative stress and histopathological changes."	( Melatonin alleviates memory deficits and neuronal degeneration induced by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin in rats. Bharti, S; Kamat, PK; Nath, C; Saxena, G; Sharma, S, 2010)	2.52
"In melatonin-treated animals, blood plasma OT levels were not changed in comparison to the vehicle."	( Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activation stimulates oxytocin release from the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system while melatonin inhibits this process. Boczek-Leszczyk, E; Juszczak, M, 2010)	1.07
"Melatonin treatment significantly reduced SGZ scores, sleep latency, and number and duration of night wakes, and treatment increased total sleep time and advanced DLMO. "	( Melatonin decreases daytime challenging behaviour in persons with intellectual disability and chronic insomnia. Braam, W; Curfs, LM; Didden, R; Korzilius, H; Maas, AP; Smits, MG, 2010)	3.25
"Melatonin treatment in persons with ID and chronic insomnia decreases daytime challenging behaviour, probably by improving sleep maintenance or by improving circadian melatonin rhythmicity."	( Melatonin decreases daytime challenging behaviour in persons with intellectual disability and chronic insomnia. Braam, W; Curfs, LM; Didden, R; Korzilius, H; Maas, AP; Smits, MG, 2010)	3.25
"Melatonin treatment was found to be beneficial in acute pancreatitis."	( Melatonin treatment is beneficial in pancreatic repair process after experimental acute pancreatitis. Khanduja, KL; Malhotra, S; Pandhi, P; Sidhu, S; Vaiphei, K, 2010)	2.52
"Melatonin treatment significantly reduced depression scores in the depressed patients as measured by the CES-D and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale--17. "	( Antidepressant action of melatonin in the treatment of Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome. Kayumov, L; Rahman, SA; Shapiro, CM, 2010)	2.11
"With melatonin treatment, these levels were decreased closer to control levels (P < 0.05)."	( An animal model of ischemic priapism and the effects of melatonin on antioxidant enzymes and oxidative injury parameters in rat penis. Akbas, A; Atılgan, D; Erdemir, F; Erkorkmaz, U; Parlaktas, BS; Uluocak, N; Yasar, A, 2010)	1.06
"Melatonin treatment (100 and 200 microm) suppressed autophagy induced by 2.5 and 5 microm CsA."	( Melatonin suppresses cyclosporine A-induced autophagy in rat pituitary GH3 cells. Jeung, EB; Yoo, YM, 2010)	2.52
"Melatonin pre-treatment prevents the injurious effects of streptozocin in rats. "	( Pre- and post-treatment of streptozocin administered rats with melatonin: effects on some hepatic enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. Ahmadi, R; Akmali, M; Vessal, M, 2010)	2.04
"Melatonin treatment significantly reduced both hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and superoxide anion levels, likely due to its free-radical scavenging properties, and enhanced leucocyte viability in both age groups."	( Melatonin counteracts alterations in oxidative metabolism and cell viability induced by intracellular calcium overload in human leucocytes: changes with age. Barriga, C; Bejarano, I; Espino, J; González, D; Paredes, SD; Pariente, JA; Reiter, RJ; Rodríguez, AB, 2010)	2.52
"Melatonin-treated BDL rats received daily melatonin 1 mg/kg/day via intraperitoneal injection."	( Melatonin prevents increased asymmetric dimethylarginine in young rats with bile duct ligation. Chen, CC; Hsieh, CS; Huang, LT; Lee, CT; Sheen, JM; Tain, YL, 2010)	2.52
"Melatonin treatment counteracted both these processes."	( Increased susceptibility to Ca(2+)-induced permeability transition and to cytochrome c release in rat heart mitochondria with aging: effect of melatonin. Moro, N; Paradies, G; Paradies, V; Petrosillo, G; Ruggiero, FM, 2010)	1.28
"Melatonin treatment (10 mg/kg) was initiated 3 days before and continued for 1 day after the CP administration."	( Effect of melatonin on the expression of Nrf2 and NF-kappaB during cyclophosphamide-induced urinary bladder injury in rat. Jena, GB; Tripathi, DN, 2010)	1.48
"Melatonin treatment also maintained AANAT immunoreactivity and its protein levels in the CA1 region after ischemia/reperfusion."	( Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is expressed in astrocytes and melatonin treatment maintains AANAT in the gerbil hippocampus induced by transient cerebral ischemia. Choi, JH; Hwang, IK; Kim, YM; Kwon, YG; Lee, CH; Park, JH; Park, OK; Won, MH; Yoo, KY, 2010)	1.31
"Melatonin treatment significantly improved the number of fertilized embryos/corpus luteum (CL) (-MEL: 0.35 +/- 0.1, +MEL: 0.62 +/- 0.1; P = 0.08), number of viable embryos/CL (-MEL: 0.23 +/- 0.1, +MEL: 0.62 +/- 0.1; P < 0.01), viability rate (-MEL: 46.6%, +MEL: 83.9%; P < 0.05), and pregnancy rate (-MEL: 26.3%, +MEL: 76.5%; P < 0.05)."	( Effects of exogenous melatonin on in vivo embryo viability and oocyte competence of undernourished ewes after weaning during the seasonal anestrus. Abecia, JA; Casao, A; Forcada, F; Vázquez, MI, 2010)	1.4
"Melatonin pretreatment reduced MTX induced oxidative stress, alteration in the activity of antioxidant enzymes as well as elevation in myeloperoxidase activity."	( Melatonin attenuates methotrexate-induced oxidative stress and renal damage in rats. Abraham, P; Kolli, VK; Rabi, S, 2010)	2.52
"Melatonin treatment increased apoptotic cells in endometriotic zones."	( Melatonin protects against endometriosis via regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-3 and an apoptotic pathway. Bhattacharya, P; Das Mahapatra, P; Paul, S; Swarnakar, S, 2010)	2.52
"Melatonin treatment was not accompanied by changes in protein levels of Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1 (Keap1) but resulted in an increased protein expression of Nrf2 in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, which was confirmed by the results of Nrf2 immunostaining."	( Melatonin prevents the decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes and activates nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling in an animal model of fulminant hepatic failure of viral origin. Alvarez, M; Crespo, I; Culebras, JM; González-Gallego, J; Laliena, A; Miguel, BS; Tuñón, MJ, 2010)	2.52
"Melatonin treatment group received melatonin (10mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 7days."	( Cardioprotective effect of melatonin against isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats: A biochemical, electrocardiographic and histoarchitectural evaluation. Balaraman, R; Patel, V; Upaganlawar, A; Zalawadia, R, 2010)	1.38
"Melatonin treatments increased the SFI values in the injured sciatic nerves."	( Electrophysiological and theoretical analysis of melatonin in peripheral nerve crush injury. Bilgin, MD; Yaraneri, H; Zencirci, SG, 2010)	1.34
"Melatonin treatment in the perioperative period did not reduce the oxidative and inflammatory parameters measured in this study."	( No effect of melatonin to modify surgical-stress response after major vascular surgery: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Gögenur, I; Kücükakin, B; Lykkesfeldt, J; Reiter, RJ; Rosenberg, J; Wilhelmsen, M, 2010)	2.17
"Melatonin treatment is able to stimulate production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), as revealed by the increase in rhodamine-123 fluorescence, which was associated with significant cytotoxicity and activation of caspase activities."	( Pro-oxidant effect of melatonin in tumour leucocytes: relation with its cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects. Barriga, C; Bejarano, I; Espino, J; Pariente, JA; Reiter, RJ; Rodríguez, AB, 2011)	1.41
"Melatonin pretreatment significantly decreased mast cell numbers and epithelial damage when compared to cisplatin treatment alone but these effects were not recorded with quercetin pretreatment."	( Response to vasoconstrictor agents by detrusor smooth muscles from cisplatin-treated rats and antioxidant treatment. Atalik, KE; Dundar, MA; Esen, HH; Keles, B; Oz, M; Uyar, Y, 2010)	1.08
"Melatonin-treated animals had a higher rate of pregnancy (P < 0.05) and lambed earlier (P < 0.05) compared with untreated animals."	( Effect of genotype at the MTNR1A locus and melatonin treatment on first conception in Sarda ewe lambs. Bini, PP; Carcangiu, V; Luridiana, S; Mura, MC; Vacca, GM, 2010)	1.34
"Melatonin-treated rats received 0.01% melatonin in drinking water for 8 wks."	( Melatonin prevents hypertension and increased asymmetric dimethylarginine in young spontaneous hypertensive rats. Huang, LT; Lau, YT; Lin, CY; Lin, IC; Tain, YL, 2010)	2.52
"Melatonin treatment also resulted in a reduction in caspase-8 activity, tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNF-R1) expression, and phosphorylated Janus kinase (JNK) expression, and increased expression of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP)."	( Melatonin attenuates apoptotic liver damage in fulminant hepatic failure induced by the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus. Alvarez, M; Crespo, I; González-Gallego, J; Jorquera, F; Prieto, J; San Miguel, B; Santamaría, E; Tuñón, MJ, 2011)	2.53
"Oral melatonin treatment indicated anti-inflammatory efficacy as evidenced by decreased methacholine sensitivity by 24% and airway obstruction by 28%, reduction in BAL eosinophil (P < 0.01) and neutrophil counts (P < 0.05), LDH (P < 0.05), and TNFα concentrations (P < 0.05) when compared to levels in sham-treated rats."	( Oral melatonin attenuates lung inflammation and airway hyperreactivity induced by inhalation of aerosolized pancreatic fluid in rats. Chen, CF; Reiter, RJ; Wang, D; Yeh, DY, 2011)	1.34
"Melatonin and light treatment are recommended for hastening adaptation to time zone change. "	( Phase advance with separate and combined melatonin and light treatment. Arendt, J; Gray, GW; Lieberman, HR; Love, RJ; Miller, JC; Paul, MA; Trouborst, M, 2011)	2.08
"Melatonin treatment reduced the BW gain, visceral adiposity, blood TRIG, serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment index and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the DIO group."	( Chronic melatonin consumption prevents obesity-related metabolic abnormalities and protects the heart against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in a prediabetic model of diet-induced obesity. Blackhurst, D; Du Toit, EF; Lochner, A; Marais, D; Nduhirabandi, F, 2011)	1.52
"Melatonin treatment of hinds was associated with a significant advancement in mean conception dates in both herds in both years (P<0.05), with a cohort difference in mean dates between treated and control hinds ranging from 9 to 17 days."	( Effect of melatonin implants on the incidence and timing of puberty in female red deer (Cervus elaphus). Archer, JA; Asher, GW; Littlejohn, RP; Scott, IC; Ward, JF, 2011)	1.49
"Melatonin treatment did not modify activities of antioxidant enzymes and negligibly modified the level of tocopherol and isoenzyme spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase in rat heart."	( Antioxidant system and energy provision of the rat heart during aging depend on illumination regimen and are resistant to exogenous melatonin. Anisimov, VN; Ilukha, VA; Ilyina, TN; Khizhkin, EA; Unzhakov, AR; Vinogradova, IA, 2010)	1.29
"In melatonin and quercetin-treated aortas the luminal area values were significantly higher than cisplatin-treated group."	( Vasoprotection by melatonin and quercetin in rats treated with cisplatin. Atalik, KE; Dündar, MA; Esen, HH; Keleş, B; Oz, M; Uyar, Y, 2010)	1.21
"Melatonin treatment decreased the balloon degeneration, fibrosis and Bax immune reactivity in the liver of toluene-inhaled rats."	( Hepatotoxic activity of toluene inhalation and protective role of melatonin. Ilhan, N; Kose, E; Kuloglu, T; Kus, I; Meydan, S; Ogeturk, M; Sarsilmaz, M; Tas, U, 2011)	1.33
"Melatonin treatment also increased Bcl-2 expression and suppressed Bax expression and decreased phosphorylation of GSK α/β."	( Effect of melatonin on mRNA expressions of transcription factors in murine embryonic stem cells. Choi, KC; Jeung, EB; Jung, EM; Yoo, YM, 2011)	1.49
"Melatonin treatment significantly reduced the level of serum alanine aminotransferase activity."	( Melatonin protects liver against ischemia and reperfusion injury through inhibition of toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Kang, JW; Koh, EJ; Lee, SM, 2011)	2.53
"Melatonin-treated oocytes had a significantly lower level of ROS than controls."	( Evidence of melatonin synthesis in the cumulus oocyte complexes and its role in enhancing oocyte maturation in vitro in cattle. Abdel-Ghaffar, AE; El-Raey, M; El-Roos, ME; Geshi, M; Hirako, M; Kaneda, M; Nagai, T; Somfai, T; Sosa, GA, 2011)	1.47
"Melatonin treatment protected primary cultured normal and GCD2 corneal fibroblasts from paraquat (PQ)-induced oxidative stress and caused increased expression levels of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and glutathione reductase (GR) in both types of cells."	( Melatonin protects against oxidative stress in granular corneal dystrophy type 2 corneal fibroblasts by mechanisms that involve membrane melatonin receptors. Choi, SI; Dadakhujaev, S; Im Kim, T; Kim, EK; Ryu, H, 2011)	2.53
"Melatonin treatment significantly reduced the intestinal mucosal permeability, pathologic score, MDA, and MPO levels and ulceration of the intestinal mucosa."	( A protective effect of melatonin on intestinal permeability is induced by diclofenac via regulation of mitochondrial function in mice. Diao, L; Jin, J; Liu, XC; Mei, Q; Xu, JM, 2011)	1.4
"Melatonin treatment resulted in lower postoperative transaminases over the study period (P = 0.6)."	( The use of high-dose melatonin in liver resection is safe: first clinical experience. Bruns, H; Büchler, MW; Cekauskas, A; Gotthardt, DN; Hinz, U; Manikas, M; Mikalauskas, S; Mikalauskene, L; Nickkholgh, A; Pelzl, le H; Schemmer, P; Schneider, H; Sobirey, M; Venetz, WP; Weigand, MA; Zorn, M, 2011)	1.41
"Melatonin treatment increased total glutathione content and lowered the oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio, indicating a better redox status of the muscle."	( Melatonin improves muscle function of the dystrophic mdx5Cv mouse, a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dorchies, OM; Hibaoui, Y; Patthey-Vuadens, O; Reutenauer-Patte, J; Ruegg, UT, 2011)	2.53
"Melatonin treatment increased leukophagocytosis but was associated with a greater number of dead amoebae."	( Melatonin reduces the severity of experimental amoebiasis. Caliari, MV; Franca, EL; França, JL; França-Botelho, AC; Gomes, MA; Honório-França, AC; Oliveira, FM, 2011)	2.53
"Melatonin treatment overcame the inhibitory effect of H(2) O(2) ."	( Protective role of melatonin in progesterone production by human luteal cells. Asada, H; Kizuka, F; Lee, L; Maekawa, R; Reiter, RJ; Shimamura, K; Sugino, N; Takasaki, A; Taketani, T; Tamura, H; Tamura, I; Taniguchi, K, 2011)	1.42
"Melatonin pretreatment prevented the ischemic injury-induced reduction in PEA-15 levels."	( Melatonin prevents down-regulation of astrocytic phosphoprotein PEA-15 in ischemic brain injury. Koh, PO, 2011)	2.53
"Melatonin treatment normalized the oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic patterns, whereas GH replacement, although effective in reducing oxidative stress in distal colon, did not reverse the age-related inflammation or apoptosis."	( Melatonin, and to a lesser extent growth hormone, restores colonic smooth muscle physiology in old rats. Camello, PJ; Camello-Almaraz, C; Fernandez-Tresguerres, JA; Martin-Cano, FE; Pascua, P; Pozo, MJ; Vara, E, 2011)	2.53
"Melatonin treatment reduced the loss of the four interneuron types in the lesion core, and inhibited the increase of processes and varicosities in the transition zone; (4) Consistent with above results, the expression level of five interneuron protein markers were significantly increased in the striatum after melatonin treatment."	( Protective effect of melatonin on 3-NP induced striatal interneuron injury in rats. Jia, Y; Lei, W; Li, K; Liu, B; Liu, Z; Mu, S; OuYang, L; Zhan, M; Zhu, Y, 2011)	1.41
"Melatonin treatment significantly reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species in 4-cell parthenogenetic and SCNT embryos, but did not reduce the proportion of apoptotic cells in parthenogenetic and SCNT blastocysts."	( Effect of melatonin treatment on the developmental potential of parthenogenetic and somatic cell nuclear-transferred porcine oocytes in vitro. Kato, Y; Nakano, M; Tsunoda, Y, 2012)	1.5
"Melatonin treatment attenuated injury-induced reductions in PP2A subunit B levels."	( Melatonin attenuates decrease of protein phosphatase 2A subunit B in ischemic brain injury. Koh, PO, 2012)	2.54
"Melatonin treatment in rats with hyperosmolar OAB (group III) caused significant increase of nuHF parameter (from 51.00 +/- 25.29 to 76.97 +/- 17.43), as well as a decrease of nuLF parameter (from 49.01 +/- 25.26 to 23.03 +/- 17.43) and LF/HF ratio (from 1.280 +/- 0.980 to 0.350 +/- 0.330)."	( The ameliorating effect of exogenous melatonin on urinary bladder function in hyperosmolar bladder overactivity and its influence on the autonomic nervous system activity. Dobrek, Ł; Furgała, A; Juszczak, K; Machowska, A; Thor, PJ; Wyczółkowski, M; Ziomber, A, 2011)	1.36
"The melatonin treatment resulted in increased hind-limb motor function and decreased iNOS mRNA expression in the L/D condition compared with the LL condition (P < 0.05), indicating that endogenous melatonin had neuroprotective effects."	( Beneficial effects of endogenous and exogenous melatonin on neural reconstruction and functional recovery in an animal model of spinal cord injury. Chang, KT; Hong, Y; Jeon, JC; Kim, JH; Lee, S; Lee, SK; Lee, SR; Lee, Y; Park, K; Park, S, 2012)	1.12
"Melatonin 250 μM treatment also suppressed cell death induced by 0.1-100 μM rotenone and protected against the formation of LC3-II in cells exposed to 1 μM rotenone."	( Melatonin protects against rotenone-induced cell injury via inhibition of Omi and Bax-mediated autophagy in Hela cells. Chen, J; Chen, L; Lu, X; Pei, Z; Shen, C; Zeng, J; Zhou, H, 2012)	2.54
"Melatonin treatment led to the maintenance of higher contents of ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) but less dehydroascorbate (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) compared with the control, possibly through its regulation of the AsA-GSH cycle."	( Delayed senescence of apple leaves by exogenous melatonin treatment: toward regulating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. Li, C; Liang, D; Ma, F; Wang, P; Yin, L; Yue, Z, 2012)	1.36
"Melatonin was pretreated along with Cd for four weeks to assess its neuroprotective activity against Cd intoxication."	( Melatonin abrogates cadmium induced oxidative stress related neurotoxicity in rats. Muthumani, M; Prabu, SM; Shagirtha, K, 2011)	2.53
"Melatonin treatment reversed these effects, resulting in values similar to that in untreated, sham-ischemic animals."	( Prophylactic administration of melatonin to the mother throughout pregnancy can protect against oxidative cerebral damage in neonatal rats. Fukaya, T; Hamada, F; Hayashi, Y; Imamura, R; Nagai, R; Shinohara, K; Wakatsuki, A; Watanabe, K, 2012)	1.39
"Melatonin co-treatment did not attenuate the effects of lead at 100mg/kg/day, indicating that the effect of melatonin on GSH reduction is not sufficient to reduce the genotoxic effects of lead at this high dose."	( Effect of melatonin administration on DNA damage and repair responses in lymphocytes of rats subchronically exposed to lead. Cárabez Trejo, A; Cruz-Jiménez, G; Hernández-Cortés, D; Martínez-Alfaro, M; Piña-Zentella, RM; Rivera-Leyva, JC; Wrobel, K, 2012)	1.5
"Melatonin and estrogen treatment prevented the oxidative damage and the activation of caspases."	( Aging-induced alterations in female rat colon smooth muscle: the protective effects of hormonal therapy. Camello, PJ; Camello-Almaraz, C; Fernández-Tresguerres, JA; Martin-Cano, FE; Pascua, P; Pozo, MJ; Vara, E, 2012)	1.1
"Melatonin treatment did not affect clutch size."	( Melatonin delays clutch initiation in a wild songbird. Beltrami, G; Greives, TJ; Hau, M; Kingma, SA, 2012)	2.54
"With melatonin treatment, orchiectomized animals (CMOR and IMOR) displayed the highest concentrations of IFN-γ and TNF-α."	( Does orchiectomy enhance the immune-stimulatory effects of melatonin during experimental Chagas' disease? Brazão, V; Caetano, LC; Caetano, LN; do Prado, JC; Filipin, Mdel V; Santello, FH; Toldo, MP, 2012)	1.08
"Melatonin treatment significantly increased % stimulation ratio (%SR) of splenocytes and thymocytes against T cell mitogen concanavalin A."	( Melatonin ameliorates oxidative stress and induces cellular proliferation of lymphoid tissues of a tropical rodent, Funambulus pennanti, during reproductively active phase. Chandana, H; Seema, R, 2013)	2.55
"Melatonin treatment induced decreases in locomotor activity and respiratory rate, suggesting that melatonin has a sleep-inducing effect."	( Fish sleeping under sandy bottom: interplay of melatonin and clock genes. Hur, SP; Itoh, H; Kang, HC; Kim, SJ; Lee, YD; Takahashi, K; Takemura, A; Takeuchi, Y; Uchimura, M, 2012)	1.36
"Melatonin treatment significantly improved the survival rates and neural functioning with modestly prolonged life span of the stroke mice by preserving blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity via a reduction in the enormous amount of stroke-induced free radical production and significant gp91(phox) cell infiltration."	( Melatonin ameliorates neural function by promoting endogenous neurogenesis through the MT2 melatonin receptor in ischemic-stroke mice. Chern, CM; Liao, JF; Shen, YC; Wang, YH, 2012)	2.54
"Melatonin-treated cells were dose-dependently increased in LC3-II, an autophagy marker."	( Melatonin-induced autophagy protects against human prion protein-mediated neurotoxicity. Jeong, JK; Lee, YJ; Moon, MH; Park, SY; Seol, JW, 2012)	2.54
"Melatonin treatment reduced hyperglycemia, polydipsia, and polyphagia as well as improved insulin resistance as demonstrated by constant glucose disappearance rate and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance."	( Metabolic disorders and adipose tissue insulin responsiveness in neonatally STZ-induced diabetic rats are improved by long-term melatonin treatment. Andreotti, S; Campaña, AB; Carpinelli, AR; Cipolla-Neto, J; de Oliveira, AC; de Proença, AR; de Souza, AH; Farias, Tda S; Lima, FB; Sertié, RA; Torres-Leal, FL, 2012)	1.31
"Melatonin treatment also resulted in reduced expression of phosphorylated Janus kinase and enhanced expression of extracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3."	( Melatonin attenuates inflammation and promotes regeneration in rabbits with fulminant hepatitis of viral origin. Alvarez, M; Crespo, I; González-Gallego, J; Laliena, A; San Miguel, B; Tuñón, MJ, 2012)	2.54
"Melatonin pretreatment prior to liver I/R can effectively reduce the pulmonary microvascular permeability and attenuate lipid peroxidation in the lungs."	( Protective effect of melatonin on liver ischemia-reperfusion induced pulmonary microvascular injury in rats. Chen, CF; Chen, KH; Chiu, MH; Su, CL; Wang, D; Wang, JJ, 2012)	2.14
"Melatonin pretreatment also protected the liver against I/R injury (P < .05), as seen by reduced LDH, GOT and GPT along with markedly reduced hydroxyl radicals (P < .05)."	( Liver reperfusion-induced decrease in dynamic compliance and increase in airway resistance are ameliorated by preischemic treatment with melatonin through scavenging hydroxyl radicals in rat lungs. Chen, CF; Su, CL; Wang, D; Wang, JJ; Yeh, JH, 2012)	1.3
"Melatonin pretreatment effectively scavenged oxidants and hydroxyl radicals, protecting cardiac function against liver I/R-induced injury."	( Preischemic treatment with melatonin attenuates liver reperfusion-induced impairment of cardiac function. Chen, KH; Chen, TH; Wang, JJ, 2012)	1.4
"Melatonin treatment also significantly increased p-ERK, Ras, and p-Akt expressions in a dose-dependent manner."	( Melatonin-induced autophagy is associated with degradation of MyoD protein in C2C12 myoblast cells. Kim, CH; Kim, KH; Yoo, YM, 2012)	2.54
"Melatonin treatment was mainly effective in reducing insomnia symptoms, while cognitive-behavioural therapy had a light positive impact mainly on sleep latency, suggesting that some behavioural aspects might play a role in determining initial insomnia."	( Controlled-release melatonin, singly and combined with cognitive behavioural therapy, for persistent insomnia in children with autism spectrum disorders: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Cortesi, F; Giannotti, F; Panunzi, S; Sebastiani, T; Valente, D, 2012)	1.43
"Melatonin treatment was able to lower the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-apoptotic genes and to improve liver function, as indicated by normalization of plasma AST and ALT levels and by reduction of necrosis and microsteatosis areas."	( Age-related differences in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion: gene activation, liver injury, and protective effect of melatonin. Bela, T; Cuesta, S; Ibarrola, C; Kireev, RA; Moreno Gonzalez, E; Tresguerres, JA; Vara, E, 2012)	1.31
"Melatonin treatment was able to reduce the I/R-stimulated pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic genes in the rat liver. "	( Age-related differences in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion: gene activation, liver injury, and protective effect of melatonin. Bela, T; Cuesta, S; Ibarrola, C; Kireev, RA; Moreno Gonzalez, E; Tresguerres, JA; Vara, E, 2012)	2.03
"Melatonin treatment significantly reduced chlorophyll degradation."	( Melatonin promotes water-stress tolerance, lateral root formation, and seed germination in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Guo, YD; Ren, S; Weeda, S; Yang, C; Yang, ZC; Zhang, HJ; Zhang, N; Zhao, B, 2013)	2.55
"But, melatonin treatment increased SOD activity in the aged rats."	( Age-related changes in the rat brain mitochondrial antioxidative enzyme ratios: modulation by melatonin. Acuna-Castroviejo, D; Akbulut, KG; Güney, Ş; Öztürk, G, 2012)	1.05
"Melatonin treatment disrupted the 24-h pattern of anterior pituitary gene expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-1 and -2, heme oxygenase-1 and -2, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, Cu/Zn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase, and catalase by shifting their acrophases to early/middle scotophase or amplifying the maxima."	( Melatonin supplementation decreases prolactin synthesis and release in rat adenohypophysis: correlation with anterior pituitary redox state and circadian clock mechanisms. Barquilla, PC; Cardinali, DP; Esquifino, AI; Fernández-Mateos, P; Jiménez-Ortega, V; Pagano, ES, 2012)	2.54
"Melatonin treatment strengthened contraction responses, but did not affect relaxation responses in rat tracheal preparations."	( The achilles heel in melatonin: asthma. Belgin Yildirim, F; Karasu-Minareci, E; Kaya, Y, 2012)	1.42
"Melatonin treatment yielded a near complete restoration of mitochondrial function in assays of respiratory rate, membrane potential, reactive oxygen species production, and ATP levels."	( Caffeine increases mitochondrial function and blocks melatonin signaling to mitochondria in Alzheimer's mice and cells. Arendash, GW; Bradshaw, PC; Cao, C; Copes, N; Delic, V; Dragicevic, N; Lin, X; Mamcarz, M; Wang, L, 2012)	1.35
"Melatonin treatment significantly attenuated MMP-9 activity and expression at 24, 48, and 72 h after ischemic injury."	( Melatonin reduced the elevated matrix metalloproteinase-9 level in a rat photothrombotic stroke model. Jang, JW; Kim, HS; Kim, SH; Lee, JK; Lee, MC; Piao, MS, 2012)	2.54
"Melatonin treatment starting 1h after injury attenuated BBB disruption during focal ischemia, which is at least partly due to inhibition of MMP-9 activity. "	( Melatonin reduced the elevated matrix metalloproteinase-9 level in a rat photothrombotic stroke model. Jang, JW; Kim, HS; Kim, SH; Lee, JK; Lee, MC; Piao, MS, 2012)	3.26
"Melatonin treatment (5mg/kg/day, 28 days) reversed the locomotor hyperactivity caused by Ovx."	( Chronic melatonin treatment reverses disruption of prepulse inhibition in pinealectomized and pinealectomized-plus-ovariectomized rats. Acet, A; Akdag, E; Celik, T; Kayir, H; Kose, A; Parlakpinar, H; Ulusoy, G; Uzbay, T; Yararbas, G, 2013)	1.55
"Melatonin treatment blunted the effect of Cd on PRL synthesis and release, decreased Cd-induced lipid peroxidation, and counteracted the effect of Cd on expression of most redox enzymes."	( Cadmium as an endocrine disruptor: correlation with anterior pituitary redox and circadian clock mechanisms and prevention by melatonin. Cano Barquilla, P; Cardinali, DP; Esquifino, AI; Fernández-Mateos, P; Jiménez-Ortega, V, 2012)	1.31
"Melatonin-treated BDL rats received daily melatonin 100 mg/kg/day via intraperitoneal injection."	( Melatonin attenuates oxidative stress, liver damage and hepatocyte apoptosis after bile-duct ligation in rats. Aktas, C; Erboga, M; Kanter, M; Mete, R; Oran, M, 2014)	2.57
"Melatonin treatment prevented the increase in the lipid peroxidation induced by EMR."	( Protective effects of melatonin against oxidative injury in rat testis induced by wireless (2.45 GHz) devices. Doğan, S; Gümral, N; Güzel, A; Koşar, PA; Naziroğlu, M; Oksay, T, 2014)	1.44
"Melatonin treatment also improves progesterone production by corpus luteum in infertile women with luteal phase defect."	( Melatonin as a free radical scavenger in the ovarian follicle. Asada, H; Kizuka, F; Lee, L; Maekawa, R; Sugino, N; Takasaki, A; Taketani, T; Tamura, H; Tamura, I; Tanabe, M; Yamagata, Y, 2013)	2.45
"Oral melatonin treatment further potentiated RW activity-induced cell survival in both areas of the dentate gyrus [melatonin (n = 10) versus vehicle (n = 7): dorsal, 63 ± 5.4 versus 45 ± 8.5 P < 0.05; ventral, 75 ± 7.9 versus 48 ± 8.1, P < 0.01] and neurogenesis [melatonin (n = 8) versus vehicle (n = 8): dorsal, 46 ± 3.4, versus 34 ± 4.5, P < 0.05; ventral, 41 ± 3.4 versus 25 ± 2.4, P < 0.01]."	( Melatonin potentiates running wheel-induced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult C3H/HeN mice hippocampus. Dubocovich, ML; Hudson, RL; Liu, J; Somera-Molina, KC, 2013)	2.29
"The melatonin treatment may represent a new atheroprotective approach that contributes to reducing the early phase of atherosclerosis involving the rolling of monocytes, their passage to subendothelial space and inhibition of CyPA expression."	( Endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction mediated by cyclophylin A and the atheroprotective effects of melatonin. Favero, G; Rezzani, R; Rodella, LF; Stacchiotti, A, 2013)	1.16
"KA + melatonin-treated animal groups showed reduced number of NADPH-d positive neurons in DG, hilus, CA1 and CA3 areas and a decline in cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration, as compared to KA treated group."	( Changes in the density of nitrergic neurons in the hippocampus of rats following kainic acid and melatonin administration. Bhatnagar, M; Jain, A; Sharma, D; Suhalka, P; Sukhwal, P, 2013)	1.06
"Melatonin treatment dose-dependently attenuated p-p38 MAPK levels, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and behavioral hypersensitivity following CCI; conversely, pinealectomy that resulted in a reduction in endogenous melatonin levels exacerbated these effects."	( Melatonin reduces median nerve injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity via inhibition of microglial p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in rat cuneate nucleus. Chiang, RP; Huang, CT; Tsai, YJ, 2013)	2.55
"Melatonin treatment in middle-aged (pre-acyclic) rats resulted in significantly higher (P< 0.05) ovarian volume; higher oocyte volume, without significant differences, and oocytes in circular form were significantly (P< 0.05) higher than in control rats."	( Ovarian aging: melatonin regulation of the cytometric and endocrine evolutive pattern. Díaz, B; Díaz, E; Fernández, BE; Fernández, C; Núñez, P, 2013)	1.46
"Melatonin treatment induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells, but not in primary human hepatocytes. "	( Melatonin induces transcriptional regulation of Bim by FoxO3a in HepG2 cells. Carbajo-Pescador, S; Galle, PR; González-Gallego, J; Heise, M; Kashyap, A; Lorenz, S; Mauriz, JL; Steinmetz, C; Strand, S, 2013)	3.28
"Melatonin-treated rats received daily melatonin 1 mg/kg/d via i.p."	( Melatonin regulates L-arginine transport and NADPH oxidase in young rats with bile duct ligation: role of protein kinase C. Chen, CC; Huang, LT; Kao, YH; Lee, CT; Sheen, JM; Tain, YL; Yu, HR, 2013)	2.55
"Melatonin treatment improved spatial learning and memory and increased the number of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive cells in the medial septum of both TS and CO mice."	( Long-term oral administration of melatonin improves spatial learning and memory and protects against cholinergic degeneration in middle-aged Ts65Dn mice, a model of Down syndrome. Corrales, A; Flórez, J; García, E; García, S; Martínez, P; Martínez-Cué, C; Rueda, N; Sanchez-Barceló, EJ; Vidal, V, 2013)	1.39
"Melatonin-treated patients reported significantly reduced injuries (p(m) = 0.001, p(c) = 0.06) and fewer adverse effects (p = 0.07)."	( Treatment outcomes in REM sleep behavior disorder. Boeve, BF; Boswell, CL; Dueffert, LG; McCarter, SJ; Olson, EJ; Silber, MH; Slocumb, N; St Louis, EK; Tippmann-Peikert, M, 2013)	1.11
"Melatonin-treated patients reported less frequent adverse effects than those treated with clonazepam."	( Treatment outcomes in REM sleep behavior disorder. Boeve, BF; Boswell, CL; Dueffert, LG; McCarter, SJ; Olson, EJ; Silber, MH; Slocumb, N; St Louis, EK; Tippmann-Peikert, M, 2013)	1.11
"Melatonin treatment did not influence plasma levels of these antioxidant minerals (Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn) in ZDF groups (M-ZDF versus C-ZDF group) and ZL (M-ZL versus C-ZL group) rats with the exception of Zn, whose mean plasma level was lower in the M-ZL versus C-ZL group."	( Antioxidant activity of melatonin in diabetes in relation to the regulation and levels of plasma Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Se in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Agil, A; Blanca-Herrera, RM; Navarro-Alarcon, M; Ruiz-Ojeda, FJ, 2013)	1.42
"Melatonin treatment also led to increased levels of beclin 1, which is involved in autophagosome formation and maturation."	( Melatonin induces autophagy via an mTOR-dependent pathway and enhances clearance of mutant-TGFBIp. Choi, SI; Jin, JY; Kim, EK; Kim, KS; Lee, GH; Oh, JY, 2013)	2.55
"Melatonin treatment was able to reduce the fat content of the hypodermis and to increase Bcl2 and reduce nucleosomes, caspases, and LPO in keratinocytes."	( Effect of chronic melatonin administration on several physiological parameters from old Wistar rats and SAMP8 mice. Cuesta, S; Forman, K; Kireev, R; Tresguerres, AF; Tresguerres, JA; Vara, E, 2012)	1.43
"Melatonin treatment was associated with further decreases in LNCaP tumor incidence and growth rate in castrated nude mice. "	( Melatonin and prostate cancer cell proliferation: interplay with castration, epidermal growth factor, and androgen sensitivity. Lau, KW; Shiu, SY; Siu, SW; Tam, PC, 2002)	3.2
"Melatonin treatment also increased the food intake of the voles."	( Melatonin and the wintering strategy of the tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus. Hyvärinen, H; Mustonen, AM; Nieminen, P, 2002)	2.48
"Melatonin treatment significantly increased (P < 0.05) the mean ovulation rate of the first (1.62 +/- 0.11 versus 1.31 +/- 0.13), second (1.78 +/- 0.15 versus 1.36 +/- 0.15) and third cycles (M: 1.73 +/- 0.12 versus C: 1.27 +/- 0.14)."	( The effect of melatonin implants on the response to the male effect and on the subsequent cyclicity of Rasa Aragonesa ewes implanted in April. Abecia, JA; Forcada, F; Zúñiga, O, 2002)	1.4
"Melatonin treatment in vivo caused many biochemical consequences. "	( In vivo and in situ action of melatonin on insulin secretion and some metabolic implications in the rat. Fabiś, M; Maćkowiak, P; Pruszyńska, E, 2002)	2.05
"Melatonin treatment, 30 minutes preceding 2-NP, reduced the increase in LI (44.4%) and GC/N (20.7%) when compared with 2-NP-treated rats."	( Inhibition of 2-nitropropane-induced cellular proliferation, DNA synthesis and histopathological changes by melatonin. El-Sokkary, GH, 2002)	1.25
"Melatonin treatment resulted in reduced concentrations as compared with those of the control old rats."	( Developmental pattern of tachykinins during aging in several organs: effect of exogenous melatonin. Debeljuk, L; Díaz López, B; Díaz Rodríguez, E; Fernández Alvarez, C, 2002)	1.26
"Melatonin treatment also caused a significant reduction of the NO and MDA levels, while increasing glutathione level in the paw tissue."	( Protective effect of melatonin in carrageenan-induced acute local inflammation. Akpinar, E; Bilici, D; Kiziltunç, A, 2002)	1.35
"In melatonin-treated groups, this cell death decreased in substantia nigra."	( Effects of melatonin on KCN-induced neurodegeneration in mice. Choi, WI; Han, SZ, 2002)	1.22
"In melatonin treated Mediterranean ewes, the plane of nutrition appeared to modify the effect of dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems on the steroid-dependent inhibition of LH secretion throughout anestrus."	( The role of nutrition in the regulation of LH secretion during anestrus by the serotoninergic and dopaminergic systems in Mediterranean ewes treated with melatonin. Abecia, JA; Forcada, F; Zúñiga, O, 2002)	1.03
"Melatonin treatment of dispersed cells and explants from adrenal gland did not affect basal cortisol production."	( mt1 Melatonin receptor in the primate adrenal gland: inhibition of adrenocorticotropin-stimulated cortisol production by melatonin. Forcelledo, ML; Richter, HG; Rojas-García, P; Serón-Ferré, M; Torrealba, F; Torres-Farfan, C; Valenzuela, GJ; Valladares, LE; Vergara, M, 2003)	1.6
"This melatonin treatment induces gonadal regression in photosensitive but not in photorefractory hamsters."	( Termination of neuroendocrine refractoriness to melatonin in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). Freeman, DA; Kauffman, AS; Zucker, I, 2003)	1.03
"Melatonin treatments did not significantly alter estradiol or testosterone levels."	( Suppression of hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression by daily melatonin supplementation in aging rats. Boldt, BM; Marck, BT; Matsumoto, AM; Rasmussen, DD; Yellon, SM, 2003)	1.27
"Melatonin treatment was included to confirm previous results that constant treatment with melatonin did not advance the timing of anestrus."	( Effect of daily clenbuterol and exogenous melatonin treatment on body fat, serum leptin and the expression of seasonal anestrus in the mare. Fitzgerald, BP; McManus, CJ, 2003)	1.3
"Melatonin is the treatment of choice for blind people with non-24 h sleep/wake disorder."	( Optimization of light and melatonin to phase-shift human circadian rhythms. Skene, DJ, 2003)	1.34
"Melatonin treatment per se also induced behavioral supersensitivity evaluated by both open-field and stereotyped behaviors, although it was more fugacious than that presented by haloperidol."	( Effects of melatonin on behavioral dopaminergic supersensitivity. Abílio, VC; Duarte, CR; Ferreira, LS; Frussa-Filho, R; Martins, CR; Ribeiro, Rde A; Torres-Leite, D; Vera, JA, 2003)	1.43
"Melatonin treatment did not alter cumulative food consumption."	( Melatonin effect on rat body weight regulation in response to high-fat diet at middle age. Green, JN; Puchalski, SS; Rasmussen, DD, 2003)	2.48
"Melatonin treatment decreased (p < 0.05) body weight in sham-operated rats by 7 +/- 2% relative to control (n = 7/treatment), comparable to our previous results; melatonin likewise decreased (p < 0.05) body weight in castrate rats by 6 +/- 2% relative to control (n = 7/treatment)."	( Melatonin effects on metabolism independent of gonad function. Green, JN; Puchalski, SS; Rasmussen, DD, 2003)	2.48
"Melatonin replacement treatment (50 g/100 g body weight) was continued for 30 days after pinealectomy."	( Calorie restriction reduces pinealectomy-induced insulin resistance by improving GLUT4 gene expression and its translocation to the plasma membrane. Cipolla-Neto, J; Machado, UF; Seraphim, PM; Sumida, DH; Zanquetta, MM, 2003)	1.04
"Melatonin treatment in I/R rats reversed these changes (P < 0.01-0.001)."	( Melatonin ameliorates oxidative organ damage induced by acute intra-abdominal compartment syndrome in rats. Kaçmaz, A; Ozkan, S; Sener, G; Tilki, M; User, Y; Yeğen, BC, 2003)	2.48
"Melatonin treatment caused a significant reduction in the weight of tumors and reduced metastases when compared with the control group."	( Melatonin inhibits telomerase activity in the MCF-7 tumor cell line both in vivo and in vitro. Calvo, JR; Guerrero, JM; Leon-Blanco, MM; Pozo, D; Reiter, RJ, 2003)	2.48
"Melatonin treatment reversed STZ-induced reduction of GSH-Px activity without having an effect on blood glucose."	( Protective effects of chronic melatonin treatment against renal injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Bukan, N; Cam, M; Ercan, F; Guven, A; Ustündag, N; Yavuz, O, 2003)	1.33
"Melatonin treatment did not affect the endogenous melatonin profile duration, pituitary/gonadal hormone levels (24-h), or sleepiness and mood levels on the subsequent day."	( Melatonin phase-shifts human circadian rhythms with no evidence of changes in the duration of endogenous melatonin secretion or the 24-hour production of reproductive hormones. Arendt, J; Dijk, DJ; Middleton, B; Rajaratnam, SM; Stone, BM, 2003)	2.48
"Melatonin treatment also significantly advanced sleep onset by 57 minutes, sleep offset by 9 minutes, and melatonin onset by 82 minutes, and decreased sleep latency by 17 minutes."	( Melatonin improves health status and sleep in children with idiopathic chronic sleep-onset insomnia: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Coenen, AM; Kerkhof, GA; Meijer, AM; Smits, MG; van der Heijden, K; van Stel, HF, 2003)	2.48
"When melatonin treatment ceased, cortisol and aMT6s rhythms free ran at a similar period to before treatment."	( The effects of low-dose 0.5-mg melatonin on the free-running circadian rhythms of blind subjects. Arendt, J; Hack, LM; Lockley, SW; Skene, DJ, 2003)	1.06
"Melatonin treatment of the CLP group restored these responses."	( Melatonin treatment protects against sepsis-induced functional and biochemical changes in rat ileum and urinary bladder. Ayanoğlu-Dülger, G; Kapucu, C; Paskaloğlu, K; Sener, G, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin treatment induced in IcoWI and WAG/Rij rats (a) hypertrophy of the arteriolar wall (643+/-34 and 435+/-25 microm2, respectively), (b) an increase in arteriolar wall distensibility and (c) a decrease in the LLCBF (64+/-6 and 45+/-4 mmHg, respectively)."	( Impact of treatment with melatonin on cerebral circulation in old rats. Atkinson, J; Chillon, JM; Delagrange, P; Dupuis, F; Limiñana, P; Régrigny, O; Scalbert, E, 2004)	1.35
"Melatonin treatment prevented the alteration in 24-hour rhythms of serum ACTH, prolactin and luteinizing hormone in rats injected with FCA."	( Circadian disorganization in experimental arthritis. Cardinali, DP; Esquifino, AI, )	0.85
"Melatonin treatment had inhibitory effects on the gonadosomatic index and plasma testosterone levels."	( Disturbance of plasma melatonin profile by high dose melatonin administration inhibits testicular maturation of precocious male masu salmon. Amano, M; Iigo, M; Ikuta, K; Kitamura, S; Okuzawa, K; Yamada, H; Yamamori, K, 2004)	1.36
"Melatonin treatment is associated with a significant nocturia response rate, improvement in nocturia related bother and a good adverse effect profile. "	( Melatonin pharmacotherapy for nocturia in men with benign prostatic enlargement. Drake, MJ; Mills, IW; Noble, JG, 2004)	3.21
"Melatonin treatment also enhances the efficiency of immunization against the VEE virus."	( Melatonin and viral infections. Bonilla, E; Chacín-Bonilla, L; Medina-Leendertz, S; Valero, N, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin treatment was found to reduce plasma, liver cholesterol and DC levels as well as liver triglyceride levels in hypercholesterolemic mice."	( Melatonin reduces cholesterol accumulation and prooxidant state induced by high cholesterol diet in the plasma, the liver and probably in the aorta of C57BL/6J mice. Balkan, J; Cevikbaş, U; Keyer-Uysal, M; Sener, G; Uysal, M, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin treatment reversed these effects also."	( Melatonin reverses urinary system and aorta damage in the rat due to chronic nicotine administration. Alican, I; Arbak, S; Ayanoglu-Dülger, G; Ersoy, Y; Kapucu, C; Paskaloglu, K; Sener, G, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin treatment prevented alteration of 24-h rhythms of serum ACTH, prolactin and luteinizing hormone in rats injected with FCA."	( Melatonin role in experimental arthritis. Cano, P; Cardinali, DP; Esquifino, AI; García, AP, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin treatment diminished the loss of neurons and decreased the infarct volume as compared with untreated MCAO rats."	( Direct inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore: a possible mechanism responsible for anti-apoptotic effects of melatonin. Andrabi, SA; Horn, TF; Sayeed, I; Siemen, D; Wolf, G, 2004)	1.25
"Oral melatonin treatment (30 mg per day for 30 days) prior to eCG/hCG administration only marginally reduced ancillary follicle development and had no significant effect on the quantity or quality of embryos produced by AI."	( Influence of oral melatonin on natural and gonadotropin-induced ovarian function in the domestic cat. Brown, JL; Graham, LH; Swanson, WF; Wildt, DE, 2004)	1.11
"Melatonin treatment of the CRF group restored these responses."	( Melatonin ameliorates chronic renal failure-induced oxidative organ damage in rats. Ayanoglu-Dulger, G; Kacmaz, A; Kapucu, C; Paskaloglu, K; Sakarcan, A; Sener, G; Toklu, H, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin treatment alone increased thymocytes density in thymic cortex, clearly suggesting that melatonin counteracted the experimentally induced immune stress by dexamethasone."	( Melatonin blocks dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression in a seasonally breeding rodent Indian palm squirrel, Funambulus pennanti. Haldar, C; Rai, S; Singh, R, 2004)	2.49
"HD melatonin treatment abrogated acute allograft rejection and significantly prolonged graft survival."	( Melatonin in vivo prolongs cardiac allograft survival in rats. Härter, L; Inci, I; Jung, FJ; Keel, M; Korom, S; Lardinois, D; Schneiter, D; Weder, W; Yang, L, 2004)	2.28
"Melatonin treatment altered neither the functional Gi activity nor the Gialpha 1 or Gialpha 2 levels at any of the time periods studied."	( Activity of the hippocampal somatostatinergic system following daily administration of melatonin. Arilla-Ferreiro, E; Boyano-Adánez, Mdel C; Izquierdo-Claros, RM, 2004)	1.27
"Melatonin treatment significantly improved subjective sleep quality, as compared with placebo (p = 0.04)."	( Melatonin improves sleep in asthma: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Campos, FL; da Silva-Júnior, FP; de Bruin, PF; de Bruin, VM, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin treatment reversed the I/R-induced increase and decrease in MDA and SOD levels, respectively."	( Beneficial effects of melatonin on reperfusion injury in rat sciatic nerve. Aktas, RG; Arslan, SO; Coskun, O; Ozacmak, VH; Ozen, OA; Sayan, H; Sezen, SC, 2004)	1.36
"Melatonin co-treatment against KA did not affect the regulation of Trx."	( Effect of melatonin cotreatment against kainic acid on coenzyme Q10, lipid peroxidation and Trx mRNA in rat hippocampus. Kilinc, E; Kocturk, S; Resmi, H; Sozmen, EY; Yalcin, A, 2004)	1.45
"Melatonin treatment dramatically reduced the number of prostate cancer cells and stopped cell cycle progression in both LNCaP and PC3 cells. "	( Melatonin reduces prostate cancer cell growth leading to neuroendocrine differentiation via a receptor and PKA independent mechanism. León, J; Manchester, L; Mayo, JC; Reiter, RJ; Sainz, RM; Tan, DX, 2005)	3.21
"Melatonin treatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced relative kidney weight, and it produced a statistically equal (p=0.268) relative weight with the kidneys of control rats."	( Reduction of carbon tetrachloride-induced nephropathy by melatonin administration. Kavakli, A; Kukner, A; Kus, I; Ogeturk, M; Oner, J; Sarsilmaz, M, )	1.1
"Melatonin pretreatment significantly inhibited the generation of nitric oxide."	( Effect of melatonin on the generation of nitric oxide in murine macrophages. Gao, Q; Li, W; Wei, T; Zhang, S, 2004)	1.45
"Melatonin pretreatment at 10(-5), 10(-6) and 10(-7) m significantly attenuated Abeta25-35- or Abeta1-42-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells."	( Melatonin reduces amyloid beta-induced apoptosis in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Feng, Z; Zhang, JT, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin treatment reversed ischemia/reperfusion-induced reduction in RCI (2.22 +/- 0.10 to 2.53 +/- 0.08, P < 0.01) and elevation in TBARS concentrations (13.50 +/- 1.82 nmol/mg protein to 8.80 +/- 0.78 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.01), resulting in values similar to those in untreated, sham-treated animals."	( Maternally administered melatonin protects against ischemia and reperfusion-induced oxidative mitochondrial damage in premature fetal rat brain. Fukaya, T; Ikenoue, N; Shinohara, K; Wakatsuki, A; Watanabe, K; Yokota, K, 2004)	1.35
"Melatonin-treated animals also had significantly reduced immunopositive reactions for 8-OHdG and 4-HNE by 53% (P<0.001) and 49% (P<0.001), respectively."	( Melatonin attenuates gray and white matter damage in a mouse model of transient focal cerebral ischemia. Chang, GL; Chen, HY; Chen, ST; Hsu, YS; Lee, EJ; Lee, MY; Wu, TS, 2005)	2.49
"Melatonin treatment was found to increase liver GSH-Px and GST activities in mice fed an HC diet."	( Melatonin improved the disturbances in hepatic prooxidant and antioxidant balance and hepatotoxicity induced by a high cholesterol diet in C57BL/6J mice. Balkan, J; Cevikbaş, U; Keyer-Uysal, M; Sener, G; Uysal, M, 2004)	2.49
"Melatonin treatment significantly reduced sleep onset latency by 4.0 min (95% CI 2.5, 5.4); increased sleep efficiency by 2.2% (95% CI 0.2, 4.2), and increased total sleep duration by 12.8 min (95% CI 2.9, 22.8)."	( Effects of exogenous melatonin on sleep: a meta-analysis. Ben-Shushan, A; Brzezinski, A; Ford, I; Norrie, G; Vangel, MG; Wurtman, RJ; Zhdanova, I, 2005)	1.37
"Melatonin treatment did not cause a significantly change in serum urea, total protein, and albumin levels."	( Effects of melatonin on carbon tetrachloride-induced changes in rat serum. Ilhan, N; Kavakli, A; Kus, I; Ogeturk, M; Sarsilmaz, M; Zararsiz, I, 2004)	1.43
"Melatonin treatment (5 mg/day/animal) began one month prior to DMBA (9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene) administration to females Sprague Dawley rats."	( Effect of the preventive-therapeutic administration of melatonin on mammary tumour-bearing animals. Barriga, C; Garcia, JJ; Ortega, E; Rodríguez, AB; Saez, MC, 2005)	1.3
"Melatonin treatment was associated with a significant recovery of MDA, GSH and NOX levels."	( Protective effect of low dose of melatonin against cholestatic oxidative stress after common bile duct ligation in rats. Emre, MH; Esrefoglu, M; Gül, M; Polat, A; Selimoglu, MA, 2005)	1.33
"Melatonin or epitalon treatment was followed by longer mean and maximum survival in the 10% of the last survivors among SAMP-1."	( [Effect of epitalon and melatonin on life span and spontaneous carcinogenesis in senescence accelerated mice (SAM)]. Anisimov, VN; Iashin, AI; Khavinson, VKh; Popovich, IG; Rozenfel'd, SV; Semenchenko, AV; Zabezhinskiĭ, MA, 2005)	1.36
"Melatonin treatment reversed these effects as well."	( Oxidative damage in the kidney induced by 900-MHz-emitted mobile phone: protection by melatonin. Koyu, A; Mollaoglu, H; Oktem, F; Ozguner, F; Uz, E, )	1.08
"Melatonin treated rats received 4 mg/kg melatonin before closure and for 10 consecutive days intraperitoneally after surgery."	( Protective effect of melatonin against oxidative stress on adhesion formation in the rat cecum and uterine horn model. Ara, C; Celik, O; Coban, S; Hascalik, S; Karabulut, AB; Kirimlioglu, H; Kirimlioglu, V; Yilmaz, S, 2005)	1.37
"Melatonin co-treatment to the lead-administered rats attenuated the increase of LPO and restored the activity of SOD and levels of GSH as well as the mean values of NA, NV and N/C."	( Melatonin protects against lead-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in male rats. Abdel-Rahman, GH; El-Sokkary, GH; Kamel, ES, 2005)	2.49
"Melatonin co-treatment brought about a significant increase in the hepatic (61%), renal (79%) and intestinal (77%) Cd concentrations as compared to those in the Cd alone group."	( Melatonin increases tissue accumulation and toxicity of cadmium in the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). Bonda, E; Chwełatiuk, E; Krasowska, A; Włostowski, T, 2005)	2.49
"Melatonin treatment decreased the elevated MDA and SOD levels and increased the lowered GSH level to control levels in rats with hyperthyroidism, but did not ameliorate the concentrations of T(3) and T(4)."	( Effects of melatonin on lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidant enzyme activity in rats with experimentally induced hyperthyroidism. Baydas, B; Meral, I, 2005)	1.44
"Melatonin treatment in the concentration range of 0.1-2.5 mM inhibited the growth of human breast cancer cells."	( Modulation by melatonin of the cardiotoxic and antitumor activities of adriamycin. Cuong, DV; Han, J; Joo, H; Kim, C; Kim, E; Kim, N; Min, CK; Park, WS; Park, YS; Youm, JB, 2005)	1.41
"In melatonin pretreated rats, the hypoxia-induced reduction of COX reactivity was obviously prevented and the augmentation of NOS/NADPH-d reactivity was successfully suppressed."	( Melatonin restores the cytochrome oxidase reactivity in the nodose ganglia of acute hypoxic rats. Chang, HM; Lue, JH; Shieh, JY; Tseng, CY; Wei, IH; Wen, CY, 2005)	2.29
"Melatonin treatment reduced the proinflammatory cytokines and improved the clinical outcome."	( Correlation among cytokines, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and modality of ventilation in preterm newborns: improvement with melatonin treatment. Barberi, I; Buggé, C; Buonocore, G; Gitto, E; Gitto, P; Reiter, RJ; Romeo, C; Sabatino, G; Trimarchi, G, 2005)	1.26
"Melatonin treatment only of host cells could diminish infection and the infection reduction was neutralized by a pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of G proteins."	( Serotonin and melatonin, neurohormones for homeostasis, as novel inhibitors of infections by the intracellular parasite chlamydia. Azuma, Y; Fukunaga, H; Fukushi, H; Miura, K; Murakami, T; Rahman, MA; Shirai, M; Sugi, K; Suzuki, H, 2005)	1.41
"Melatonin treatment produced a significantly higher percentage of cyclic ewes at ram introduction (P<0.05)."	( The effect of melatonin treatment on the ovarian response of ewes to the ram effect. Abecia, JA; Forcada, F; Palacín, I; Valares, JA, 2006)	1.42
"Melatonin treatment prevents mitochondrial failure at the same extend as the lack of iNOS gene."	( Identification of an inducible nitric oxide synthase in diaphragm mitochondria from septic mice: its relation with mitochondrial dysfunction and prevention by melatonin. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Escames, G; León, J; López, LC; Tapias, V; Utrilla, P, 2006)	1.25
"Melatonin-treated groups showed more ultrastructural improvement on electron microscope studies when compared with methylprednisone group."	( Dose-dependent neuroprotective effects of melatonin on experimental spinal cord injury in rats. Bilge, T; Celik, SE; Cokar, N; Gül, S; Kalayci, M; Taşyürekli, M, 2005)	1.31
"Melatonin treatment inhibited aromatase mRNA expression in unpretreated cells and a sequential treatment of cells with melatonin followed by aminoglutethimide induced a significant inhibition in the aromatase mRNA expression as compared to cells exposed to the same doses of aminoglutethimide, but without melatonin pretreatment."	( Melatonin enhances the inhibitory effect of aminoglutethimide on aromatase activity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Alonso-González, C; Cos, S; González, A; Martínez-Campa, C; Mediavilla, MD; Sánchez-Barceló, EJ, 2005)	2.49
"Melatonin treatment counteracted both the changes in mtNOS activity and rises in oxidative stress; the indole also restored mitochondrial respiratory chain in septic iNOS(+/+) mice."	( Melatonin counteracts inducible mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle of septic mice. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Escames, G; Hitos, AB; León, J; López, LC; Reiter, RJ; Rodríguez, MI; Tapias, V; Utrilla, P, 2006)	2.5
"Melatonin treatment caused a sharp decrease in the elevated serum glucose, a slight increase in the lowered serum insulin concentrations and small partial regeneration/proliferation of beta-cells of islets."	( Depression of glucose levels and partial restoration of pancreatic beta-cell damage by melatonin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Kanter, M; Karaca, T; Sagmanligil, HO; Uysal, H, 2006)	1.28
"Melatonin-treated apple was fed to hamsters for 3 weeks at 2 h before lights off to extend the duration of the nighttime rise in endogenous melatonin."	( Daily timed melatonin feedings mimic effects of short days on testis regression and cortisol in circulation in Siberian hamsters. Green, SA; Hiebert, SM; Yellon, SM, 2006)	1.43
"Melatonin pretreatment caused rapid onset of anesthesia after ketamine and thiopental sodium administration while the duration of action of these agents was prolonged."	( Adjuvant effect of melatonin on anesthesia induced by thiopental sodium, ketamine, and ether in rats. Budhiraja, S; Singh, J, 2005)	1.38
"Melatonin pretreatment significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells, as revealed by FITC Annexin-V and propidium iodide assays (P < 0.005), as well as attenuated mitochondria alterations, as shown by ultrastructural morphology, Mito Tracker and JC-1 staining, and cytochrome c (cyt c) release (P < 0.005)."	( Melatonin prevents apoptosis induced by UV-B treatment in U937 cell line. Battistelli, M; Canonico, B; Curci, R; Falcieri, E; Luchetti, F; Mannello, F; Papa, S; Tarzia, G, 2006)	2.5
"Melatonin co-treatment brought about a dose-dependent decrease in the renal, hepatic and intestinal Cd concentrations, and the renal and hepatic metallothionein levels followed a pattern similar to that of the Cd accumulation."	( The effect of orally administered melatonin on tissue accumulation and toxicity of cadmium in mice. Bonda, E; Chwełatiuk, E; Krasowska, A; Włostowski, T, 2006)	1.33
"Melatonin treatment was not associated with significant cytotoxicity in HL-60 cells, although the generation of ROS was significantly increased."	( Melatonin cytotoxicity in human leukemia cells: relation with its pro-oxidant effect. Buck, S; Büyükavci, M; Ozdemir, O; Ravindranath, Y; Savaşan, S; Stout, M, 2006)	2.5
"Melatonin may be a safe treatment for patients with idiopathic tinnitus, especially those with sleep disturbance due to tinnitus."	( The effects of melatonin on tinnitus and sleep. Finnell, JE; Megwalu, UC; Piccirillo, JF, 2006)	2.13
"Melatonin pre-treatment prevented these changes."	( Effect of melatonin on the severity of L-arginine-induced experimental acute pancreatitis in rats. Hegyi, P; Jarmay, K; Kaszaki, J; Letoha, T; Lonovics, J; Papai, G; Rakonczay, Z; Reiter, RJ; Sari, R; Szabolcs, A; Takacs, T; Varga, I, 2006)	1.46
"Melatonin treatment decreased Krebs' cycle substrate-induced respiration significantly at both examined doses."	( Effect of melatonin treatment on oxygen consumption by rat liver mitochondria. Albornoz, LE; Cardinali, DP; Linares, LM; Rebagliati, IR; Reyes-Toso, CF; Ricci, CR; Zaninovich, A, 2006)	1.46
"Melatonin treatment did not affect any parameter but FGA advanced the kidding date."	( Highly synchronous and fertile reproductive activity induced by the male effect during deep anoestrus in lactating goats subjected to treatment with artificially long days followed by a natural photoperiod. Bernelas, D; Bonné, JL; Chemineau, P; Forgerit, Y; Leboeuf, B; Pellicer-Rubio, MT; Pougnard, JL; Senty, E, 2007)	1.06
"Melatonin treatment induced membrane association of PKCalpha in a time and dose dependent manner."	( Role of protein kinase Calpha in melatonin signal transduction. Braiman, L; Lupowitz, Z; Sampson, SR; Zisapel, N, 2006)	1.34
"With melatonin treatment, the MESOR was lower by 0.1 degrees C and the amplitude increased to 0.34+/-0.01 degrees C, a similar value to that found in young adults."	( The circadian body temperature rhythm in the elderly: effect of single daily melatonin dosing. Gubin, DG; Gubin, GD; Waterhouse, J; Weinert, D, 2006)	1.02
"Pre-melatonin treatment (25 microg/100 g bwt) restored TLC, percent apoptotic cells and LPO levels of X-ray exposed squirrels. "	( Melatonin prevents X-ray irradiation induced oxidative damagein peripheral blood and spleen of the seasonally breeding rodent, Funambulus pennanti during reproductively active phase. Haldar, C; Sharma, S, 2006)	2.33
"Melatonin treatment improved the penumbral CBF in the wild-type mice."	( Melatonin reduces infarction volume in a photothrombotic stroke model in the wild-type but not cyclooxygenase-1-gene knockout mice. Cheung, RT; Huang, L; Li, G; Liu, S; Zou, LY, 2006)	2.5
"Melatonin treatment did not modify the secretion of either hormone."	( Increased REM sleep associated with melatonin deficiency after pinealectomy: a case study. Borson-Chazot, F; Brun, J; Claustrat, B; Gonnaud, PM; Kocher, L, 2006)	1.33
"Melatonin treatment for 4 weeks restored neurogenic responses to normal values, with an associated recovery of nitrergic function and the disappearance of the capsaicin-sensitive component."	( Melatonin treatment reverts age-related changes in Guinea pig gallbladder neuromuscular transmission and contractility. Camello, PJ; Camello-Almaraz, C; Gomez-Pinilla, PJ; Moreno, R; Pozo, MJ, 2006)	2.5
"Melatonin treatment in the morning for 12 hrs did not have an effect on brain Na+, K+ ATPase, while Ca2+ ATPase was inhibited."	( Does melatonin have a time-dependent effect on brain and gill ionic metabolism in a teleost, Anabas testudineus (Bloch)? Beyo, RS; Divya, L; Oommen, OV; Smita, M; Sreejith, P; Vijayasree, AS, 2006)	1.57
"Melatonin treatment (100 mg/kg, p.o.) 4 hr before APAP administration remarkably inhibited centrilobular hepatic necrosis with inflammatory cell infiltration and increases in hepatic lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase activity, an index of tissue neutrophil infiltration, as well as release of nitric oxide and interleukin-6 into blood circulation at 9 hr after APAP administration."	( Mechanisms of protection by melatonin against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Horie, S; Ishibe, Y; Kusumoto, C; Matsura, T; Nakada, J; Nishida, T; Ohata, S; Ohta, Y; Togawa, A; Yamada, K, 2006)	1.35
"Melatonin treatment reversed all these biochemical indices, as well as histopathological alterations induced by acute pyelonephritis."	( Melatonin prevents neutrophil-mediated oxidative injury in Escherichia coli-induced pyelonephritis in rats. Cetinel, S; Gedik, N; Sener, G; Tuğtepe, H; Velioğlu-Oğünç, A; Yeğen, BC, 2006)	2.5
"Melatonin treatment was effective reducing all examined effects of Cd, documenting its effectiveness to protect the rat hypothalamic-pituitary axis from the toxic metal effects."	( In vivo protective effect of melatonin on cadmium-induced changes in redox balance and gene expression in rat hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. Cano, P; Cardinali, DP; Duvilanski, BH; Esquifino, AI; Jiménez, V; Lafuente, A; Poliandri, AH, 2006)	1.35
"Melatonin treatment significantly reduced superoxide generation in arterial walls and improved cell viability in cremaster muscles."	( Melatonin reduces ischemia/reperfusion-induced superoxide generation in arterial wall and cell death in skeletal muscle. Fang, XH; Khiabani, KT; Stephenson, LL; Wang, WZ; Zamboni, WA, 2006)	2.5
"Melatonin pretreatment significantly inhibited the above effects of H2O2 in HSCs."	( Melatonin prevents H2O2-induced activation of rat hepatic stellate cells. Gu, J; Huang, GC; Zhuang, L, 2006)	2.5
"In melatonin-treated cows there was a decrease in mean concentrations of prolactin in plasma, but concentrations of IGF-1 did not change."	( Effects of melatonin on the yield and composition of milk from grazing dairy cows in New Zealand. Auldist, MJ; McMahon, CD; Prosser, CG; Turner, SA, 2007)	1.24
"Melatonin treatment reduced nocturnal systolic BP significantly from 136+/-9 to 130+/-10 mm Hg (P=.011), and diastolic BP from 72+/-11 to 69+/-9 mm Hg (P=.002), whereas placebo had no effect on nocturnal BP. "	( Melatonin reduces night blood pressure in patients with nocturnal hypertension. Grossman, E; Kamari, Y; Laudon, M; Peleg, E; Sharabi, Y; Shen-Orr, Z; Yalcin, R; Zengil, H; Zisapel, N, 2006)	3.22
"Melatonin treatment counteracted these alterations in young and aged septic rats."	( Age-dependent lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS expression and multiorgan failure in rats: effects of melatonin treatment. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Escames, G; López, LC; Ortiz, F; Ros, E, 2006)	1.27
"Melatonin treatment markedly altered the response in gene expression of older animals subjected to an LPS challenge."	( Melatonin treatment in old mice enables a more youthful response to LPS in the brain. Bondy, SC; Cotman, CW; Perreau, VM; Sharman, EH; Sharman, KG, 2007)	2.5
"Melatonin treatment lowered the nitrite/nitrate concentrations, while increasing the GSH levels, which exceeded the levels in epirubicin+melatonin-treated rats."	( Melatonin protects against epirubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Bukan, N; Cam, M; Comunoglu, C; Ercan, F; Guven, A; Yavuz, O, 2007)	2.5
"Melatonin treatment effectively reversed these above changes and normalized the LPO and antioxidant enzyme levels (P<0.05)."	( Anti-inflammatory effect of melatonin on A beta vaccination in mice. Ashok, BS; Baben, B; Jayakumar, R; Jebaraj, WC; Jesudason, EP; Kirubagaran, R; Masilamoni, JG, 2007)	1.35
"Melatonin treatment normalized the production of ATP in iNOS+/+ mice, without affecting iNOS-/- animals."	( Melatonin restores the mitochondrial production of ATP in septic mice. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Escames, G; López, LC; Ortiz, F; Ros, E, 2006)	2.5
"Melatonin treatment significantly lowered concentrations of MDA in blood-serum and catalase (blood-serum and lung) rather than in the lung bearing urethane-induced tumor."	( [Melatonin inhibits urethane-induced carcinogenesis tumors in murine lung]. Anisimov, VN; Plotnikova, NA; Semenchenko, AV; Vesnushkin, GM, 2006)	1.97
"Melatonin treatment resulted in a slower recovery of fetal blood pressure following umbilical cord occlusion, but without changes in fetal heart rate, acid base status or mortality."	( Melatonin reduces inflammation and cell death in white matter in the mid-gestation fetal sheep following umbilical cord occlusion. Gressens, P; Hagberg, H; Kjellmer, I; Lapatto, R; Mallard, C; Sultan, B; Svedin, P; Welin, AK, 2007)	2.5
"Melatonin treatment decreased nitrite concentration in brain and serum of infected mice as well as the lipid peroxidation products in the brain."	( Melatonin decreases nitric oxide production and lipid peroxidation and increases interleukin-1 beta in the brain of mice infected by the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus. Bonilla, E; MarinaEspina, L; Mosquera, J; Valero, N, 2007)	2.5
"Melatonin treatment also resulted with MDA formation (P=0.002), increased GPx activity (P=0.002) and decreased xanthine oxidase activity (P=0.026)."	( The effects of prophylactic zinc and melatonin application on experimental spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits: experimental study. Abuşoglu, S; Avunduk, MC; Baysefer, A; Ciçek, O; Kalkan, E; Kalkan, SS; Unlü, A, 2007)	1.33
"Melatonin treatment restored the rotenone-induced decrease in GSH level and changes in antioxidant enzyme (SOD and catalase) activities in the SN."	( Melatonin protects against rotenone-induced oxidative stress in a hemiparkinsonian rat model. Mohanakumar, KP; Saravanan, KS; Sindhu, KM, 2007)	2.5
"Melatonin treatment blunted sepsis-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase/inducible mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase isoforms, prevented the impairment of mitochondrial homeostasis under sepsis, and restored ATP production."	( Attenuation of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction by melatonin in septic mice. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Escames, G; García, JA; López, A; López, LC; Ortiz, F; Ros, E, 2007)	1.31
"Melatonin treatment to the mothers partially restored the developmental pattern of reproductive hormones."	( Seasonal variations of gonadotropins and prolactin in the laboratory rat. Role of maternal pineal gland. Díaz, B; Díaz, E; Esquifino, A; Fernández, C; Jiménez, V; Vázquez, N, 2007)	1.06
"Melatonin treatment improved age induced changes in bladder function."	( Effect of melatonin on age associated changes in Guinea pig bladder function. Andersson, KE; Camello, PJ; Gomez, MF; Gomez-Pinilla, PJ; Hedlund, P; Hellstrand, P; Pozo, MJ; Swärd, K, 2007)	1.46
"Melatonin treatment normalized oxidative levels and counteracted the aging-associated changes in bladder neuromuscular function."	( Aging impairs neurogenic contraction in guinea pig urinary bladder: role of oxidative stress and melatonin. Camello, PJ; Gómez-Pinilla, PJ; Pozo, MJ, 2007)	1.28
"Melatonin treatment phase-advanced HR, HF, SDNN and rMSSD, and these shifts were significantly greater than after placebo treatment."	( Robust circadian rhythm in heart rate and its variability: influence of exogenous melatonin and photoperiod. Arendt, J; Dijk, DJ; Middleton, B; Rajaratnam, SM; Stone, BM; Thorleifsdottir, B; Vandewalle, G, 2007)	1.29
"Melatonin treatment significantly increased serum melatonin levels at the acrophases, but not at the nadirs of the two age groups."	( Effect of exogenous melatonin on viability, ingestion capacity, and free-radical scavenging in heterophils from young and old ringdoves (Streptopelia risoria). Barriga, C; Marchena, AM; Paredes, SD; Pariente, JA; Reiter, RJ; Rodríguez, AB; Terrón, MP, 2007)	1.38
"Melatonin treatment (10 mg/kg, 18 days) did not influence the level of hyperglycemia or glycated hemoglobin and it had little effect on the activities of antioxidative enzymes."	( Melatonin attenuates metabolic disorders due to streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Bryszewska, M; Kubyshin, VL; Lapshina, EA; Maksimchik, YZ; Reiter, RJ; Sudnikovich, EJ; Zabrodskaya, SV; Zavodnik, IB, 2007)	2.5
"Melatonin pretreatment significantly attenuated LPS-evoked elevation of TNF-alpha in maternal serum."	( Maternally administered melatonin differentially regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in maternal serum, amniotic fluid, fetal liver, and fetal brain. Chen, YH; Ning, H; Wang, H; Xu, DX; Zhao, L, 2007)	1.37
"Melatonin treatment prevented qualitative changes in gallbladder neurotransmission, but it did not improve EFS-induced contractility."	( Effects of melatonin on gallbladder neuromuscular function in acute cholecystitis. Camello, PJ; Gomez-Pinilla, PJ; Pozo, MJ, 2007)	1.45
"Melatonin pretreatment in LPS-stimulated PBMCs suppressed the expression of 23 genes more than twofold."	( Melatonin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced CC chemokine subfamily gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a microarray analysis. Baik, HH; Cho, JJ; Chung, JH; Hong, SJ; Kim, HJ; Nah, SS; Park, HJ; Park, HK; Ra, J; Yim, SV, 2007)	2.5
"Melatonin treatment reduced the biochemical indices without any change in the cytokine levels and ameliorated histopathologic alterations induced by IR."	( Melatonin protects from ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal injury in rats: this effect is not mediated by proinflammatory cytokines. Aksoy, N; Baba, F; Cakir, H; Celik, H; Gezen, MR; Kurcer, Z; Oguz, E; Ozbilge, H, 2007)	2.5
"Melatonin treatment supressed MDA and catalase levels in blood serum but not in tumor tissue."	( [Melatonin suppresses benz(a)pyrene-induced carcinogenesis in mice]. Anisimov, VN; Plotnikova, NA; Vesnushkin, GM, 2007)	1.97
"Melatonin and T3 treatment for 15 min in vitro also reversed the effect of photoperiod on peroxidation products and the SOD and catalase activities."	( Triiodothyronine and melatonin influence antioxidant defense mechanism in a teleost Anabas testudineus (Bloch): in vitro study. Beyo, RS; Divya, L; Manju, M; Oommen, OV; Sreejith, P; Vijayasree, AS, 2007)	1.38
"Melatonin treatment decreased lipid and protein oxidation and ameloriated histopathologic alterations induced by IR without any change in proinflammatory cytokine levels."	( Effect of melatonin on testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats: is this effect related to the proinflammatory cytokines? Aksoy, N; Baba, F; Celik, N; Kurcer, Z; Oguz, E; Ozbilge, H, 2008)	1.47
"Melatonin treatment in the morning (P < 0.05) or evening (P < 0.05) decreased TBARS levels after TB irradiation."	( Melatonin prevents inflammation and oxidative stress caused by abdominopelvic and total body irradiation of rat small intestine. Bilgihan, A; Caglar, G; Erdogan, D; Guney, HZ; Guney, Y; Hicsonmez, A; Kurtman, C; Nalca Andrieu, M; Ozel Turkcu, U; Take, G; Uluoglu, C; Yucel, B; Zengil, H, 2007)	2.5
"Melatonin treatment reduced VEGF and NO levels as well as leakage of HRP suggesting its potential value in ameliorating damage in choroid plexus pathologies."	( Vascular endothelial growth factor and nitric oxide production in response to hypoxia in the choroid plexus in neonatal brain. Kaur, C; Ling, EA; Lu, J; Sivakumar, V, 2008)	1.07
"Melatonin treatment increased NPY synthesis in SHAM rats and restored reduction in NPY synthesis caused by pinealectomy."	( Effects of pinealectomy and exogenous melatonin on ghrelin and peptide YY in gastrointestinal system and neuropeptide Y in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus: immunohistochemical studies in male rats. Aydin, M; Canpolat, S; Colakoglu, N; Kelestimur, H; Kuloğlu, T; Yasar, A, 2008)	1.34
"Melatonin treatment did not improve these hemorheological abnormalities."	( Short-term melatonin treatment improved diabetic nephropathy but did not affect hemorheological changes in diabetic rats. Bediz, CS; Ergonen, AT; Gumustekin, M; Guneli, E; Ozdemir, MH; Tekmen, I; Topcu, A; Tugyan, K; Uysal, N, 2007)	1.45
"Melatonin treatment during the day mimics the nighttime suppression of memory formation."	( Melatonin suppresses nighttime memory formation in zebrafish. Cahill, GM; de Borsetti, NH; Rawashdeh, O; Roman, G, 2007)	2.5
"Melatonin treatment caused increases in the degree of photoreceptor cell death when administered in the night to male pigmented Long-Evans rats, but melatonin administration during the day, either with or without exposure to HII, had little if any effect on photoreceptor cell survival."	( Influence of dietary melatonin on photoreceptor survival in the rat retina: an ocular toxicity study. Chignell, CF; Roberts, JE; Wiechmann, AF, 2008)	1.39
"Melatonin treatment before hemorrhagic shock has been shown to improve liver function and hepatic perfusion."	( Melatonin receptors mediate improvements of liver function but not of hepatic perfusion and integrity after hemorrhagic shock in rats. Bauer, I; Bentley, A; Kubulus, D; Mathes, AM; Rensing, H; Waibel, L; Weiler, J; Wolf, B, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin treatment significantly improved the quality of scarring, both in terms of maturity and orientation of collagen fibres."	( Melatonin accelerates the process of wound repair in full-thickness incisional wounds. Appleton, I; Clarkson, AN; Hall, I; Kapoor, M; Pugazhenthi, K, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin treatment improves some aspects of chronic sleep disturbance in individuals with ID."	( Melatonin treatment in individuals with intellectual disability and chronic insomnia: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Braam, W; Curfs, L; Didden, R; Smits, M, 2008)	3.23
"Melatonin treatment obviously reduced the deposition of MSSG and elevated hippocampal pyramidal cell number while improving the learning and memory deficits of SAMP8. "	( Differential effects of melatonin on hippocampal neurodegeneration in different aged accelerated senescence prone mouse-8. Cheng, S; Fan, W; He, H; Ma, C; Pang, J; Qu, H, 2008)	2.1
"Melatonin-treated animals had better neurologic function than those of the I/R group."	( Effects of melatonin on ischemic spinal cord injury caused by aortic cross clamping in rabbits. Kardeş, O; Korkmaz, A; Omeroğlu, S; Oyar, EO, 2008)	1.46
"The melatonin-treated rats showed markedly fewer apoptotic (TUNEL positive) cells and DNA fragmentation than did the I/R rats."	( Cytoprotective effects of melatonin against necrosis and apoptosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver. Kim, SH; Lee, SM, 2008)	1.13
"Melatonin pretreatment significantly inhibited the oxidative damage to biomolecules as well as cerebellar apoptosis."	( Melatonin mitigates oxidative damage and apoptosis in mouse cerebellum induced by high-LET 56Fe particle irradiation. Anzai, K; Manda, K; Ueno, M, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin co-treatment with CP significantly reduced apoptosis and increased proliferation of urothelial cells at day 1 and thus prevented extensive loss of cells from the urothelium."	( Effect of melatonin on apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation of urothelial cells after cyclophosphamide treatment. Jezernik, K; Vidmar, G; Zupancic, D, 2008)	1.47
"Melatonin treatment during hyperthyroidism normalized aconitate hydratase activity and citrate concentration."	( Oxidative status and citrate concentration in rat tissues during experimental hyperthyroidism and melatonin treatment. Pashkov, AN; Popov, SS; Popova, TN; Rakhmanova, TI; Semenikhina, AV; Zoloedov, VI, 2007)	1.28
"The melatonin pretreatment prevented GSH increase induced by irradiation."	( Preserving effects of melatonin on the levels of glutathione and malondialdehyde in rats exposed to irradiation. Akmansu, M; Bozkurt, G; Comoğlu, S; Sürücü, S; Yardimci, S; Yildirim, O, 2008)	1.14
"Melatonin pre-treatment significantly reduced and altered the changes brought on by X-radiation."	( Effect of exogenous melatonin on X-ray induced cellular toxicity in lymphatic tissue of Indian tropical male squirrel, Funambulus pennanti. Chaube, SK; Haldar, C; Sharma, S, 2008)	1.39
"Melatonin treatment significantly mitigated the calcium handling in the hypoxic rats by preserving SERCA expression."	( Melatonin ameliorates calcium homeostasis in myocardial and ischemia-reperfusion injury in chronically hypoxic rats. Fung, ML; Hung, MW; Yeung, HM, 2008)	2.51
"Melatonin treatment in molted birds increased (P < 0.05) the percentage of positive crops in the MOLT+20 MEL treatment (P < 0.05)."	( Influence of exogenous melatonin administration on Salmonella enteritidis colonization in molted layers. Byrd, JA; Callaway, TR; Edrington, TS; McReynolds, JL; Nisbet, DJ, 2008)	1.38
"Melatonin-treated oocytes had significantly lower levels of ROS than did control (untreated) oocytes."	( Effects of melatonin on in vitro maturation of porcine oocyte and expression of melatonin receptor RNA in cumulus and granulosa cells. Jang, G; Kang, JT; Kang, SK; Koo, OJ; Kwon, DK; Lee, BC; Park, HJ, 2009)	1.46
"Melatonin-treated R."	( Effects of daily melatonin injections on the photoperiodic gonadal response of the female frog Rana ridibunda. Alonso-Bedate, M; Delgado, MJ; Gutiérrez, P, 1983)	1.33
"When melatonin treatment or high-fat diet were withdrawn, hamsters reduced their food intake, and their body weight and fat content returned to control levels."	( Seasonal obesity in Syrian hamsters: effects of age, diet, photoperiod, and melatonin. Bartness, TJ; Wade, GN, 1984)	0.95
"Melatonin treatment significantly decreased prostaglandin E release from the medial basal hypothalamus in pinealectomized rats."	( Melatonin inhibits prostaglandin E release from the medial basal hypothalamus of pinealectomized rats. Juszczak, M; Karasek, E; Karasek, M; Muszynska, B; Pawlikowski, M, 1984)	2.43
"melatonin treatments for 70 days led to atrophy of the testes and accessory sex organs and to a significant depression of both plasma LH and PRL titers."	( Influence of morning melatonin injections on the antigonadotrophic effects of afternoon melatonin administration in male and female hamsters. Brainard, GC; de la Santos, R; Huerter, JJ; Reiter, RJ; Richardson, BA; Vaughan, MK, 1981)	1.3
"Also melatonin treatment lead to a statistically significant rise in blood glucose levels."	( Effect of melatonin on glucose tolerance and blood glucose circadian rhythm in rabbits. Arora, SR; Dayal, SS; Dhar, M; Ramesh Babu, CS, )	0.99
"Melatonin treatment also resulted in reducing daily total fluid intake as well as ethanol consumption in light-deprived hamsters."	( Pineal gland and melatonin influence on chronic alcohol consumption by hamsters. Rudeen, PK; Symmes, SK, 1981)	1.32
"Melatonin-treated rats developed more severe impairment of retinal structures compared with controls."	( The role of melatonin and dopamine in retinal physiology. Bubenik, GA; Purtill, RA, 1980)	1.36
"Melatonin treatment also inhibited the startle-induced defecation compared with the vehicle injection."	( Effects of melatonin on startle reflex in rat. Datta, PC; Hoehler, FK; Sandman, CA, 1981)	1.37
"Melatonin treatment in pinealectomized lizards counteracted the effect of pinealectomy."	( Response of reptilian gonad to melatonin. Haldar-Misra, C; Thapliyal, JP, 1981)	1.27
"Melatonin-treated pinealectomized animals exhibited fewer seizures than did pinealectomized animals that did not receive melatonin."	( Antiepileptic effects of melatonin in the pinealectomized Mongolian gerbil. Philo, RC; Rudeen, PK; Symmes, SK, 1980)	1.29
"The melatonin treatment retarded the growth of oocytes, and is hence considered anti-gonadotropic in action."	( Effect of single dose melatonin treatment on ovarian growth during the preparatory phase in Mystus tengara (Ham.). Saxena, PK, 1980)	1.06
"Melatonin treatment also affected moulting, which was assessed by changes in the number of growing and mature underfur hairs per bundle and the percentage of bundles with a growing guard hair."	( Effects of melatonin implants in spring on testicular regression and moulting in adult male raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procynoides). Forsberg, M; Laitinen, JT; Valtonen, M; Xiao, Y, 1995)	1.4
"Melatonin treatment has been reported to be effective in treatment of disorders such as jet lag and delayed sleep phase syndrome."	( Light, melatonin and the sleep-wake cycle. Brown, GM, 1994)	1.47
"The melatonin treatment caused also some differences in the structure of pinealocytes with cytoplasmic dense bodies."	( Effect of long-term administration of melatonin on ultrastructure of pinealocytes in gilts. Dusza, L; Lewczuk, B; Przybylska, B; Wyrzykowski, Z, 1994)	1.04
"Melatonin cotreatment was ineffective in protecting the neurons from N-methyl-D-aspartate toxicity."	( Melatonin protects primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons from kainate but not from N-methyl-D-aspartate excitotoxicity. Giusti, P; Gusella, M; Lipartiti, M; Manev, H; Milani, D; Vicini, S; Zhu, W, 1995)	2.46
"Melatonin treatments significantly inhibited oxytocin release."	( Direct influence of melatonin on steroid, nonapeptide hormones, and cyclic nucleotide secretion by granulosa cells isolated from porcine ovaries. Sirotkin, AV, 1994)	1.33
"Both melatonin treatment in old mice and pineal graft into the thymus of old mice correct the reduced thymic endocrine activity and increase the weight of the thymus and its cellularity."	( The immuno-reconstituting effect of melatonin or pineal grafting and its relation to zinc pool in aging mice. Bulian, D; Fabris, N; Mocchegiani, E; Muzzioli, M; Pierpaoli, W; Santarelli, L; Tibaldi, A, 1994)	1.02
"Melatonin treatment did not significantly alter the time of onset or the duration of the breeding season compared with control ewes."	( Effect of exogenous melatonin and exposure to a ram on the time of onset and duration of the breeding season in Icelandic sheep. Eldon, J, 1993)	1.33
"Melatonin treatment had an insignificant effect on either PaCO2, PaO2 or pH."	( Melatonin decreases brain serotonin release, arterial pressure and heart rate in rats. Chen, SS; Chuang, JI; Lin, MT, 1993)	2.45
"Melatonin treatment (100 micrograms/100 g b."	( Hypothalamic and neurohypophysial vasopressin and oxytocin content as influenced by haemorrhage in melatonin-treated male rats. Guzek, JW; Juszczak, M; K+opotowska, A; Stempniak, B, 1993)	1.22
"Melatonin treatment caused a significant upward resetting of the pulsatile pattern of PRL in six out of seven subjects. "	( Evening administration of melatonin enhances the pulsatile secretion of prolactin but not of LH and TSH in normally cycling women. Angeli, A; Cassoni, P; Guidetti, D; Massobrio, M; Paccotti, P; Piovesan, A; Revelli, A; Terzolo, M, 1993)	2.03
"Melatonin treatment during light exposure and on two succeeding nights blocked the stimulatory effect of light on the reproductive axis; melatonin injections limited to one night were marginally effective."	( Sustained hormonal responses of Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) to a single longer day at weaning. Finley, CM; Kelly, KK; Licht, P; Spears, N; Whaling, CS; Zucker, I, 1993)	1.01
"Melatonin treatment induced acute, dose-dependent temperature suppression and decrements in alertness and performance efficiency."	( Melatonin-induced temperature suppression and its acute phase-shifting effects correlate in a dose-dependent manner in humans. Arendt, J; Deacon, S, 1995)	2.46
"Melatonin treatment during pregnancy resulted in a redirected postnatal oocyte development."	( Maternal pineal gland participates in prepubertal rats' ovarian oocyte development. Colmenero, MD; Díaz, B; Díaz, E; Fernández, B, 1995)	1.01
"Melatonin co-treatment reduced H2O2-induced lipid peroxidation in brain homogenates in a concentration-dependent manner; the degree of protection against lipid peroxidation was similar in all brain regions."	( Melatonin reduces H2O2-induced lipid peroxidation in homogenates of different rat brain regions. Melchiorri, D; Ortiz, GG; Poeggeler, B; Reiter, RJ; Sewerynek, E, 1995)	2.46
"Melatonin treatment (1 nM) for 2-7 days inhibited cell growth and markedly increased the percentage of non-viable cells in culture, measured by the trypan blue exclusion assay."	( Functional melatonin receptors in human prostate epithelial cells. Braf, Z; Gilad, E; Laudon, M; Matzkin, H; Pick, E; Sofer, M; Zisapel, N, 1996)	1.41
"Melatonin treatment for 10 consecutive days to pinealectomized rats restored 5-HT uptake in POA-AH, and also increased 5-HT release in medial and posterior hypothalamus."	( Effects of pinealectomy and melatonin treatments on serotonin uptake and release from synaptosomes of rat hypothalamic regions. Aldegunde, M; Martin, FJ; Miguez, JM, 1995)	1.31
"Melatonin treatment for 8 weeks resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.01) in weights of the adrenal glands, in both male and female, M. "	( Effect of long-term administration of melatonin on adrenal histomorphology of the Indian desert gerbil Meriones hurrianae Jerdon. Joshi, BN; Sujathakumari, M, 1995)	2
"Melatonin treatment significantly advanced the sleep onset time in delayed sleep phase insomnia."	( Use of melatonin in circadian rhythm disorders and following phase shifts. Arendt, J; Deacon, S; Skene, DJ, 1996)	1.47
"Melatonin-treated mice (50 mg/kg) had lower serum IL-6 levels (368 +/- 154 vs 1078 +/- 146 pg/ml) and lazaroid-treated mice had lower gamma-IFN levels (7 +/- 6 vs 52 +/- 15 pg/ml) compared to those of the untreated group (P < 0.05)."	( Melatonin and a 21-aminosteroid attenuate shock after hemorrhage but differentially affect serum cytokines. Affleck, DG; Barton, RG; Hinson, DM; Shao, Y; Shelby, J; Sullivan, DJ, 1996)	2.46
"Melatonin treatment reduced hypothalamic NE content (but not that of DA) in isotonic-saline treated animals."	( Oxytocin and prolactin release after hypertonic saline administration in melatonin-treated male Syrian hamsters. Bartke, A; Fadden, C; Juszczak, M; Steger, RW, 1996)	1.25
"Melatonin treatment advanced both bedtimes and rise times (2-3 h) and maintained sleep durations between 7-8 h. "	( Melatonin efficacy in aviation missions requiring rapid deployment and night operations. Adams, B; Comperatore, CA; Crowley, JS; Kirby, AW; Lieberman, HR, 1996)	3.18
"Melatonin-treated mice received either short-term treatment on Days 1 and 2 after hemorrhage or continuous treatment throughout the study."	( Melatonin administration following hemorrhagic shock decreases mortality from subsequent septic challenge. Ayala, A; Chaudry, IH; Haisken, JM; Wichmann, MW, 1996)	2.46
"Melatonin-treated cells presented greater neurite outgrowth than control cells."	( Effects of melatonin on the proliferation and differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells in culture. Cos, S; Crespo, D; Fernández-Viadero, C; Megías, M; Verduga, R, 1996)	1.41
"Melatonin treatment either once daily (25 micrograms at 1700 hrs) or twice daily (25 micrograms at 0900 and 1700 hrs) for two weeks resulted in an alternation in the RBC rhythm."	( Influence of melatonin on blood morphology in male albino mice. Joshi, BN; Karimungi, MG; Saibaba, P, 1996)	1.38
"Melatonin treatment reduced ethanol-induced gastric and duodenal damage to 14% and 8%, respectively."	( Suppressive effect of melatonin administration on ethanol-induced gastroduodenal injury in rats in vivo. Melchiorri, D; Nisticò, G; Ortiz, GG; Poeggeler, B; Reiter, RJ; Sewerynek, E, 1997)	1.33
"Melatonin treatment also augmented rhythm mesor in immunized, sham-ganglionectomized rats, as well as rhythm amplitude in immunized and nonimmunized, sham-ganglionectomized rats."	( Effect of pinealectomy, superior cervical ganglionectomy, or melatonin treatment on 24-hour rhythms in ornithine decarboxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase activities of rat spleen. Bonacho, MG; Cardinali, DP; Cutrera, RA; Esquifino, AI, 1997)	1.26
"Melatonin pretreatment significantly suppressed the contractile response to external calcium."	( Melatonin suppresses vasospastic effect of hydrogen peroxide in human umbilical artery: relation to calcium influx. Hayashi, K; Okatani, Y; Sagara, Y; Wakatsuki, A; Watanabe, K, 1997)	2.46
"Melatonin (MLT) treatment in vivo has been shown to have immunomodulatory and anti-immunosenescent effects in the mouse model. "	( In vitro effects of melatonin on mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine expression in young and old rats. Harris, MD; Pahlavani, MA, 1997)	2.06
"Melatonin treatment evidently counteracted the deleterious influences of photoperiodic shifting in the above animals."	( Influences of light-dark shifting on the immune system, tumor growth and life span of rats, mice and fruit flies as well as on the counteraction of melatonin. Li, JC; Xu, F, )	1.05
"Melatonin-treated hamsters exhibited increased splenic lymphoproliferative responses to a polyclonal T-cell mitogen (concanavalin A (Con-A)), but decreased proliferation following stimulation with a polyclonal B-cell mitogen (lipopolysaccharide)."	( Immune responsiveness of splenocytes after chronic daily melatonin administration in male Syrian hamsters. Appel, K; Champney, TH; McMurray, DN; Prado, J; Youngblood, T, 1997)	1.26
"Melatonin treatment (50 microg/day or greater) normalized the augmented serum phospholipid levels found in pituitary-grafted rats and increased serum phospholipids in control rats."	( Effect of melatonin on serum cholesterol and phospholipid levels, and on prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid hormone levels, in hyperprolactinemic rats. Agrasal, C; Cardinali, DP; Esquifino, A; Velázquez, E; Villanúa, MA, 1997)	1.42
"Melatonin treatment increased O2 consumption in mice injected with saline but suppressed the increased metabolic rate associated with an immune response in KLH-injected animals."	( Metabolic costs of mounting an antigen-stimulated immune response in adult and aged C57BL/6J mice. Chefer, V; Demas, GE; Nelson, RJ; Talan, MI, 1997)	1.02
"Melatonin treatment increased (P < 0.001) ovarian weights without changing the uterine weights."	( Melatonin and exposure to constant light/darkness affects ovarian follicular kinetics and estrous cycle in Indian desert gerbil Meriones hurrianae. Joshi, BN; Sinhasane, SV, 1997)	2.46
"Melatonin-treated T-47D cells observed in a transmission electronic microscope (TEM) showed an irregular nuclear shape and intermediate filaments disposed around the nucleus, which was not observed in control cells."	( Alterations in F-actin distribution in cells treated with melatonin. Machado-Santelli, GM; Matsui, DH, 1997)	1.26
"Melatonin treatment restored the changes observed in the metabolism of glucose and glutamine and stimulated the proliferation of lymphocytes from tumour-bearing rats."	( The effect of melatonin chronic treatment upon macrophage and lymphocyte metabolism and function in Walker-256 tumour-bearing rats. Bartol, I; Cipolla-Neto, J; Costa Rosa, LF; Fernandes, LC; Martins, E, 1998)	1.38
"Melatonin-treated animals showed higher activity of the type I 5'-MD in the liver and kidney and of type II 5'-MD in brown adipose tissue (BAT)."	( Stimulatory effect of melatonin on the 5'-monodeiodinase activity in the liver, kidney, and brown adipose tissue during the early neonatal period of the rabbit. Brzezińska-Slebodzińska, E; Slebodziński, AB; Styczyńska, E, 1998)	1.34
"Melatonin treatments were successful in 6/11 patients."	( Melatonin treatment for circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Hayakawa, T; Kamei, Y; Okawa, M; Ozaki, S; Shibui, K; Uchiyama, M; Urata, J, 1998)	2.46
"Melatonin treatment was better tolerated because of its ease of application."	( Trials of bright light exposure and melatonin administration in a patient with non-24 hour sleep-wake syndrome. Hayakawa, T; Kamei, Y; Okawa, M; Ozaki, S; Shibui, K; Uchiyama, M; Urata, J, 1998)	1.3
"Melatonin treatment neither modified the basal concentrations of AVP nor changed the AVP response to ANG II."	( Effect of melatonin on arginine vasopressin secretion stimulated by physical exercise or angiotensin II in normal men. Capretti, L; Chiodera, P; Coiro, V; Giuliani, N; Maffei, ML; Volpi, R, 1998)	1.42
"Melatonin treatment stimulated accessory sex organs and the scent gland surface area."	( Exposure to different spectra of light, continuous light and treatment with melatonin affect reproduction in the Indian desert gerbil Meriones hurrianae (Jerdon). Joshi, BN; Sinhasane, SV, )	1.08
"Melatonin treatment also resulted in the survival of dopaminergic neurons in SN and TH-immuoreactive terminals in the dorsolateral striatum."	( Melatonin protects 6-OHDA-induced neuronal death of nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Baik, HH; Cho, YH; Jin, BK; Joo, WS; Kim, YS; Park, CW, 1998)	2.46
"Melatonin treatment also caused a significant reduction of the myeloperoxidase activity and lipid peroxidation and inhibited nitrite/nitrate levels in the paw exudate."	( Protective effects of melatonin in zymosan-activated plasma-induced paw inflammation. Caputi, AP; Costantino, G; Cuzzocrea, S; Mazzon, E, 1998)	1.34
"Melatonin treatment almost completely restored MDA levels to normal, suggesting the in vivo action of melatonin as an antioxidant."	( Melatonin increases striatal dopaminergic function in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Jin, BK; Joo, WS; Kim, YS; Maeng, SH; Park, CW, 1998)	2.46
"When melatonin treatment was stopped, the sleep disorders recurred and re-administration of 3 mg melatonin was effective in both patients."	( Serum melatonin kinetics and long-term melatonin treatment for sleep disorders in Rett syndrome. Miyamoto, A; Oki, J; Okuno, A; Takahashi, S, 1999)	1.24
"Melatonin treatment was successful in two patients (one with and one without chronotherapy)."	( Circadian rhythm sleep disorders in adolescents: clinical trials of combined treatments based on chronobiology. Ichikawa, H; Okawa, M; Ozaki, S; Shibui, K; Uchiyama, M, 1998)	1.02
"Melatonin-treated animals took significantly fewer cycles to reentrain compared to vehicle-treated (50% dimethylsulfoxide [DMSO]) and nontreated control animals."	( Timely administration of melatonin accelerates reentrainment to phase-shifted light-dark cycles in the field mouse Mus booduga. Chandrashekaran, MK; Sharma, VK; Singaravel, M; Subbaraj, R, 1999)	1.33
"Melatonin treatment significantly increased total sleep time in diurnal sleep (403.2+/-SD 72.8 min and 258.5+/-118.3 min, P<0.001)."	( The hypnotic effects of melatonin treatment on diurnal sleep in humans. Matsumoto, M, 1999)	1.33
"Melatonin-treated rats that were then crossed over to control treatment for a further 12 weeks gained BW, whereas control rats that were crossed to melatonin treatment lost BW, but food intake did not change in either group."	( Daily melatonin administration to middle-aged male rats suppresses body weight, intraabdominal adiposity, and plasma leptin and insulin independent of food intake and total body fat. Matsumoto, AM; McCants, RL; Mitton, DR; Rasmussen, DD; Wilkinson, CW; Wolden-Hanson, T; Yellon, SM, 2000)	1.51
"Melatonin treatment blunted this response in both cases."	( In vitro pituitary responsiveness to LHRH in young and old female rats. Influence of melatonin. Díaz López, B; Díaz Rodriguez, E; Esquifino Parras, A; Fernández Alvarez, C; Marín Fernández, B; Pazo Vinuesa, D, 1999)	1.25
"Melatonin treatment significantly decreased depression ratings compared to placebo."	( Melatonin treatment of winter depression: a pilot study. Bauer, VK; Cutler, NL; Lewy, AJ; Sack, RL, 1998)	2.46
"Melatonin treatment has also been evaluated in the circadian sleep disorders: delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) and non-24-hour sleep wake disorder."	( Use of melatonin in the treatment of phase shift and sleep disorders. Arendt, J; Lockley, SW; Skene, DJ, 1999)	1.48
"Melatonin treatment significantly increased the plasma triglyceride levels (P<0.05), but did not significantly alter the plasma levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, or LDL-lipids."	( Melatonin inhibits oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein particles in normolipidemic post-menopausal women. Ikenoue, N; Izumiya, C; Kaneda, C; Okatani, Y; Wakatsuki, A, 2000)	2.47
"Melatonin treatment improved all scales except the scale "role due to emotional problems.""	( Effects of melatonin on the quality of life in patients with delayed sleep phase syndrome. Coenen, AM; Kerkhof, GA; Laurant, MW; Nagtegaal, JE; Smits, MG; van der Meer, YG, 2000)	1.42
"Melatonin treatment were performed only during the night (between 18:00 to 09:00) in order to maintain their circadian rhythm, since serum melatonin levels are high at midnight."	( Inhibitory effects of low doses of melatonin on induction of preneoplastic liver lesions in a medium-term liver bioassay in F344 rats: relation to the influence of electromagnetic near field exposure. Asamoto, M; Futakuchi, M; Hagiwara, A; Imaida, K; Ogawa, K; Sano, M; Shirai, T; Tamano, S; Yoshino, H, 2000)	1.31
"Melatonin treatment reduced this increased response in acyclic rats and produced a pituitary responsiveness similar to that of young cyclic rats."	( Effects of ageing and exogenous melatonin on pituitary responsiveness to GnRH in rats. Diaz, B; Diaz, E; Esquifino, AI; Pazo, D, 2000)	1.31
"Melatonin pretreatment blunted the daily variations in the mitogenic activity of Con A or LPS and, when given to Freund's adjuvant-injected rats, augmented mesor and amplitude of diurnal rhythm in ODC activity."	( Effect of melatonin treatment on 24-h variations in responses to mitogens and lymphocyte subset populations in rat submaxillary lymph nodes. Cardinali, DP; Castrillón, PO; Cutrera, RA; Esquifino, AI; Varas, A; Zapata, A, 2000)	1.43
"Melatonin treatment may thus boost the survival of newly formed B cells mediating humoral immunity."	( Melatonin inhibits apoptosis during early B-cell development in mouse bone marrow. Miller, SC; Osmond, DG; Yu, Q, 2000)	2.47
"Melatonin treatment decreased GSSG activity, thus elevating GSH/GSSG ratio, and also increased SOD and CAT activity without reaching statistical significance in the lesioned animals."	( The effects of melatonin on the antioxidant systems in experimental spinal injury. Barcin, E; Cagli, S; Gulmen, V; Kanit, L; Kutay, FZ; Peker, GO; Sozmen, EY; Tanyalcin, T; Taskiran, D; Tekeli, G; Zileli, M, )	1.21
"Melatonin treatment increased nighttime sleep from 5.9+/-0.8 to 7.3+/-0.5 hours (paired t test, P<0.01) and sleep efficiency from 69.3%+/-6.2% to 88.3%+/-2.3% (P<0.01)."	( Melatonin improves sleep-wake patterns in psychomotor retarded children. Etzioni, A; Lavie, P; Peled, N; Pillar, G; Ravid, S; Shahar, E, 2000)	2.47
"Melatonin treatment increased survival and reduced hyperactivity linked to neurodegeneration induced by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion."	( Protective effects of melatonin in ischemic brain injury. Barberi, I; Caputi, AP; Cordaro, S; Costantino, G; Cuzzocrea, S; De Sarro, A; Fulia, F; Gitto, E; Mazzon, E; Serraino, I, 2000)	1.34
"Melatonin treatment had a stimulatory effect on the gonadosomatic index and pituitary gonadotropin (GTH) I contents."	( Roles of melatonin in gonadal maturation of underyearling precocious male masu salmon. Amano, M; Iigo, M; Ikuta, K; Kitamura, S; Yamada, H; Yamamori, K, 2000)	1.45
"The melatonin-treated minks had significantly higher leptin levels than the controls."	( Exogenous melatonin elevates the plasma leptin and thyroxine concentrations of the mink (Mustela vison). Asikainen, J; Hyvärinen, H; Mustonen, AM; Nieminen, P, )	1.01
"Melatonin treatment significantly depressed PRL concentrations but did not affect the length of the estrous season in Persian gazelles, suggesting that the reproductive cycle was entrained by an endogenous rhythm."	( Comparative analysis of reproductive cycles in female Persian gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa) (Central Asia) and sand gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa marica) (Arabian Peninsula). Bahloul, K; Brown, N; Lacroix, A; Pereladova, OB; Sempéré, AJ; Soldatova, N, 2001)	1.03
"Melatonin pre-treatment affected in a dual manner barbiturate narcosis, however, no dose-effect correlation was found."	( Dual effects of melatonin on barbiturate-induced narcosis in rats. Drago, F; Foti, F; Frisina, M; Grech, M; Medico, M; Micale, V; Nicolosi, A; Nicosia, A, 2001)	1.38
"Melatonin treatment significantly delayed photoreceptor loss and reduced the number of apoptotic photoreceptors."	( Melatonin delays photoreceptor degeneration in the rds/rds mouse. Aleman, TS; Bennett, J; Cideciyan, AV; Jacobson, SG; Liang, FQ, 2001)	2.47
"Melatonin treatment led to enhanced splenocyte proliferation for all experimental groups."	( In vitro melatonin treatment enhances cell-mediated immune function in male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Drazen, DL; Kriegsfeld, LJ; Nelson, RJ, 2001)	1.45
"Melatonin treatment significantly (P < 0.05) increased only GSH-Px activity, irrespective of the effect of CE."	( In vivo changes in antioxidant systems and protective role of melatonin and a combination of vitamin C and vitamin E on oxidative damage in erythrocytes induced by chlorpyrifos-ethyl in rats. Delibas, N; Gultekin, F; Kilinc, I; Yasar, S, 2001)	1.27
"Melatonin treatment has been shown to induce sleepiness and promote sleep in humans. "	( Behavioral effects of melatonin treatment in non-human primates. Cantor, ML; Kartashov, AI; Leclair, OU; Wurtman, RJ; Zhdanova, IV, 1998)	2.06
"Melatonin treatment increased the number of 125I-Tyr11-SRIF receptors in frontoparietal cortical membranes without any changes in the dissociation constant (Kd)."	( Acute modulation of somatostatin receptor function by melatonin in the rat frontoparietal cortex. Arilla-Ferreiro, E; Boyano-Adánez, MC; Izquierdo-Claros, RM; Rodríguez-Puyol, M; Torrecillas, G, 2001)	1.28
"Melatonin treatment improved the maximal relaxation of mesenteric arteries to A23187 in SHR (P < 0.001) to the WKY level and caused a slight increment in Ach- and A23187-induced vasodilations in aorta from SHR and WKY rats (P < 0.05)."	( Vasorelaxant effects of the chronic treatment with melatonin on mesenteric artery and aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Chulak, C; de Champlain, J; Girouard, H; Lamontagne, D; Lejossec, M, 2001)	1.28
"Melatonin-treated exercised rats had significantly elevated liver glycogen content and hepatic tissue showed a lowered expression of both inducible and constitutive NO synthase (iNOS and cNOS)."	( Effects of melatonin on fuel utilization in exercised rats: role of nitric oxide and growth hormone. Arévalo, M; Collado, PS; Esteller, A; González-Gallego, J; Mesonero, MJ; Sánchez-Campos, S, 2001)	1.42
"Melatonin treatment reversed the ischemia/reperfusion-induced reductions in the RCI (2.29 +/- 0.06-2.64 +/- 0.09, P < 0.05) and in the ADP/oxygen ratio (1.48 +/- 0.03-1.57 +/- 0.02, P < 0.05), and also reduced the elevation in concentration of TBARS (11.00 +/- 0.34-7.57 +/- 0.74 nM/mg protein, P < 0.01), resulting in values similar to those in untreated, sham-ischemic animals."	( Melatonin protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative damage to mitochondria in fetal rat brain. Fukaya, T; Ikenoue, N; Okatani, Y; Shinohara, K; Wakatsuki, A, 2001)	2.47
"Melatonin treatment alone had no effect on basal progesterone production but enhanced the effects of human CG-stimulated progesterone production."	( Direct action of melatonin in human granulosa-luteal cells. Kang, SK; Leung, PC; Nathwani, PS; Pang, SF; Tai, CJ; Woo, MM, 2001)	1.37
"Melatonin-treated animals exhibited relatively lower levels of SOD activity than those from the control and E2 plus melatonin groups."	( Coadministration of melatonin and estradiol in rats: effects on oxidant status. Genç, S; Gürdöl, F; Oner-Iyidogan, Y; Süzme, R, 2001)	1.36
"Melatonin pre-treatment reversed the deleterious effects of cobalt."	( Melatonin protects SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells from cobalt-induced oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and increased beta-amyloid secretion. Baysang, G; Brockhaus, M; Hess, C; Ly, C; Meier, F; Müller-Spahn, F; Olivieri, G; Savaskan, E, 2001)	2.47
"Melatonin treatment also resulted in higher meal-induced insulin responses, probably mediated via an increased sensitivity of the beta-cells."	( Role for the pineal and melatonin in glucose homeostasis: pinealectomy increases night-time glucose concentrations. Buijs, RM; Kalsbeek, A; la Fleur, SE; van der Vliet, J; Wortel, J, 2001)	1.34
"Melatonin treatment resulted in a 2.5-fold reduction in the expression of HER-2/neu mRNA in mammary tumors from HER-2 /neu transgenic mice."	( The effect of light regimen and melatonin on the development of spontaneous mammary tumors in HER-2/neu transgenic mice is related to a downregulation of HER-2/neu gene expression. Alimova, IN; Anisimov, VN; Baturin, DA; Franceschi, C; Mancini, R; Popovich, IG; Provinciali, M; Zabezhinski, MA, 2001)	1.32
"The melatonin-treated group showed significantly better oxygenation (321.8+/-33.8 mm Hg versus 86.1+/-17.4 mm Hg; p < 0.001), reduced lipid peroxidation (0.65+/-0.3 nmol/g versus 1.63+/-0.8 nmol/g; p = 0.032), and reduced myeloperoxidase activity (0.56+/-0.1 deltaOD x mg(-1) x min(-1) versus 1.01+/-0.2 deltaOD x mg(-1) x min(-1); p = 0.032). "	( Melatonin attenuates posttransplant lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Boehler, A; Dutly, A; Inci, D; Inci, I; Weder, W, 2002)	2.32
"Melatonin treatment failed to alter mRNA levels in either area."	( Melatonin induces tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA expression in the ventral mesencephalon but not in the hypothalamus. Absi, el-H; Cano, J; Machado, A; Venero, JL, 2002)	2.48
"Melatonin treatment reduced edema (mean +/- standard deviation; 86.22 +/- 1.54% in the control group versus 80.78 +/- 2.76% in the melatonin treatment group, P < 0.001) and blood-brain barrier permeability (45.34 +/- 2.75% in the control group versus 38.26 +/- 3.40% in the melatonin treatment group, P < 0.001) at the periphery of cold injury. "	( Effect of melatonin on cerebral edema in rats. Erbil, M; Görgülü, A; Kilinç, K; Palaoğlu, S; Sürücü, MT; Tuncel, M, 2001)	2.16
"Melatonin pre-treatment significantly reduced E2-induced ERalpha transactivation and ERalpha-ERE binding activity."	( Melatonin inhibits estrogen receptor transactivation and cAMP levels in breast cancer cells. Hill, SM; Kiefer, T; Ram, PT; Yuan, L, 2002)	2.48
"Thus melatonin treatment can increase the sensitivity of the circadian timing system of young animals to a nonphotic stimulus, and the ability to increase this sensitivity persists into old age, indicating exogenous melatonin might be useful in reversing at least some age-related changes in circadian clock function."	( Feeding melatonin enhances the phase shifting response to triazolam in both young and old golden hamsters. Bennett, KM; Dutton-Boilek, J; Horton, TH; Kolker, DE; Losee Olson, S; Turek, FW; Wallen, EP, 2002)	1.2
"Melatonin treatment in the ischemia-reperfusion group reversed these responses."	( The effects of melatonin on ischemia-reperfusion induced changes in rat corpus cavernosum. Alican, I; Dülger, GA; Paskaloğlu, K; Sehirli, AO; Sener, G, 2002)	1.39
"Melatonin treatment did not influence significantly either the parameters of total blood count or glucose and serum lipids levels."	( Effects of six months melatonin treatment on sleep quality and serum concentrations of estradiol, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and somatomedin C in elderly women. Karasek, M; Kolomecka, M; Pawlikowski, M; Wojtczak, A, 2002)	1.35
"Melatonin treatment improved sleep quality and suppressed sundowning."	( The use of melatonin in Alzheimer's disease. Brusco, LI; Cardinali, DP; Furio, AM; Liberczuk, C, 2002)	1.43
"Melatonin treatment increased highly the sensitivity of atherogenic lipoprotein to Cu(2+) and gamma-radiolysis generated oxyradical ex vivo oxidation during the fasting period."	( Daily melatonin supplementation in mice increases atherosclerosis in proximal aorta. Bonnefont-Rousselot, D; Caudeville, B; Clavey, V; Duriez, P; Fievet, C; Foricher, R; Fruchart, JC; Furman, C; Gardes-Albert, M; Lemdani, M; Lesieur, D; Lestavel, S; Rolando, C; Tailleux, A; Teissier, E; Torpier, G, 2002)	1.52
"Melatonin treatment augmented the amplitude of the 24-hour rhythm of pineal NE content by 120 and 52% in young and old rats, respectively."	( Age-related changes in 24-hour rhythms of norepinephrine content and serotonin turnover in rat pineal gland: effect of melatonin treatment. Cano, P; Cardinali, DP; Esquifino, AI; Pazo, D; Reyes Toso, CA, )	1.06
"Melatonin treatment did not alter this decrease."	( Age differences in neurokinin A and substance P from the hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal gland, and striatum of the rat. Effect of exogenous melatonin. Debeljuk, L; Díaz, B; Díaz, E; Fernández, C, 2002)	1.24
"Melatonin treatment, on the other hand, significantly inhibited novelty-induced defecation and reduced plasma 11-OHCS level on Day 5 of novelty exposure."	( Effects of MIF-I and melatonin on novelty-induced defecation and associated plasma 11-OHCS and brain catecholamines. Datta, PC; King, MG, 1979)	1.3
"Melatonin treatment decreased microtubule protein content by 44% in the arcuate-median eminence region and by 19% in the remaining hypothalamic block, being without significant effect on the cerebral cortex."	( Melatonin effects on brain. Interaction with microtubule protein, inhibition of fast axoplasmic flow and induction of crystaloid and tubular formations in the hypothalamus. Cardinali, DP; Freire, F, 1975)	2.42
"Melatonin treatment failed to modify postcastration serum LH levels."	( Effect of melatonin and superior cervical ganglioectomy on luteinizing hormone on release induced by estradiol-progesterone in castrated rats. Cardinali, DP; Faigón, MR; Moguilevsky, JA; Scacchi, P, 1979)	1.38
"Melatonin treatment prevented the atrophic responses of the testes and accessory sex organs in males and the uteri in females."	( Prevention by melatonin of short day induced atrophy of the reproductive systems of male and female hamsters. Reiter, RJ; Vaughan, MK; Waring, PJ, 1977)	1.34
"Melatonin treatment did not cause any significant change in basal or post-stimulation LH and FSH levels either in men or in post-menopausal women."	( Effect of melatonin on the basal and stimulated gonadotropin levels in normal men and postmenopausal women. Aparicio, NJ; Cramer, C; Debeljuk, L; Fideleff, H; Guitelman, A; Mancini, A, 1976)	1.38
"Melatonin-treated hamsters had significantly smaller testes (p less than .01) than intact and Px hamsters receiving empty capsules."	( Antigonadal effect of melatonin in pinealectomized and intact male hamsters. Turek, FW, 1977)	1.19
"Melatonin treatment resulted in a dose-dependent increase of hydroxyindole-O-methyl transferase and serotonin-N-acetyltransferase activities."	( Effects of melatonin treatment and environmental lighting on the ultrastructural appearence, melatonin synthesis, norepinephrine turnover and microtubule protein content of the rat pineal gland. Cardinali, DP; Freire, F, 1975)	1.37
"Melatonin treated rats in either photoperiod showed a significant induction in hepatic and mammary levels of glutathione (GSH) and cytosolic activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) when compared with the corresponding controls, along with a significant drop in hepatic microsomal contents of cytochromes b5 and P450."	( A possible modulatory influence of melatonin on representative phase I and II drug metabolizing enzymes in 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene induced rat mammary tumorigenesis. Kothari, L; Subramanian, A, 1992)	1.28
"Melatonin-treated animals showed maximum values for all these measurements during winter."	( Effects of subcutaneous melatonin implants during long daylength on voluntary feed intake, rumen capacity and heart rate of red deer (Cervus elaphus) fed on a forage diet. Barry, TN; Dellow, DW; Domingue, BM; Wilson, PR, 1992)	1.31
"Melatonin treatment failed to alter pulse frequency after the initial increase."	( Effect of melatonin on pulsatile release of luteinizing hormone in female lambs. Argo, CM; Rajkumar, RR; Rodway, RG, 1992)	1.41
"The melatonin treatments did not cause a detectable increase in the peripheral concentrations of melatonin, or affect the diurnal rhythm in melatonin which reflected the long-day photoperiod."	( Reproductive effects of placing micro-implants of melatonin in the mediobasal hypothalamus and preoptic area in rams. Lincoln, GA; Maeda, KI, 1992)	1.02
"Melatonin treatment advanced the seasonal patterns of rise and fall of plasma IGF1 and of weight gain and loss."	( Effects of melatonin implants on insulin-like growth factor 1 in male red deer (Cervus elaphus). Breier, BH; Gluckman, PD; Littlejohn, RP; Suttie, JM; Webster, JR, 1992)	1.39
"3. Melatonin treatment increased the affinity and decreased the density of glucocorticoid and progestin receptors in non-immunized animals, while in SRBC-primed rats it was ineffective."	( Melatonin effects on thymus steroid receptors in the course of primary antibody responses: significance of circulating glucocorticoid levels. Patchev, V; Persengiev, S; Velev, B, 1991)	2.24
"The melatonin-treated hamsters also had reduced numbers of unipolar GnRH neurons in the diagonal band of Broca relative to the number of unipolar neurons in long-day controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"	( Delayed puberty in the male Djungarian hamster: effect of short photoperiod or melatonin treatment on the GnRH neuronal system. Buchanan, KL; Yellon, SM, 1991)	0.99
"Melatonin treatment enhanced the resynchronization speed of some, but not all, hormone and electrolyte excretion rates for several days after the time shift."	( Influence of melatonin treatment on human circadian rhythmicity before and after a simulated 9-hr time shift. Gundel, A; Maass, H; Samel, A; Schütz, M; Vejvoda, M; Wegmann, HM, 1991)	1.37
"The melatonin treatment also suppressed, in a dose related manner, the rise in plasma prolactin under the lengthening photoperiod."	( Diurnal changes in plasma melatonin and the timing of reproductive onset in anestrous sheep fed melatonin. Hatta, T; Itoh, S; Kusakari, N; Mori, Y; Ohara, M; Sen-na, K; Serikawa, S; Tajima, Y, 1991)	1.06
"Melatonin and vehicle-treated males responded similarly; their testis widths and serum testosterone levels were not significantly different at the end of the experiment."	( Melatonin and the coding of day length in male Syrian hamsters. Hastings, MH; Karp, JD; Powers, JB, 1991)	2.45
"Melatonin treatment advanced rutting activity, testis development and neck muscle hypertrophy by 6-8 weeks."	( Pattern of LH and testosterone secretion of adult male fallow deer (Dama dama) during the transition into the breeding season. Asher, GW; Peterson, AJ, 1991)	1
"2. Melatonin treatment decreased the affinity of glucocorticoid receptors."	( Melatonin effects on glucocorticoid receptors in rat brain and pituitary: significance in adrenocortical regulation. Ilieva, A; Konakchieva, R; Marinova, C; Patchev, V; Persengiev, S, 1991)	2.24
"Melatonin treatment advanced the seasonal changes in scrotal circumference, liveweight, antler state and coat type compared with control stags."	( Effects of melatonin implants on reproductive seasonality of male red deer (Cervus elaphus). Corson, ID; Suttie, JM; Webster, JR, 1991)	1.39
"Melatonin treatment increased LH pulse frequency in entire rams and reduced LH pulse frequency in castrated rams."	( Effect of melatonin implants on secretion of luteinizing hormone in intact and castrated rams. Littlejohn, RP; Manley, TR; Suttie, JM; Veenvliet, BA; Webster, JR, 1991)	1.41
"Melatonin-treated animals experienced less maturational inhibition when simultaneously given a low dose of 6-MBOA-coated chow (1.0 micrograms/gm unsifted chow)."	( Reproductive responses of male Microtus montanus to photoperiod, melatonin, and 6-MBOA. Berger, PJ; Gower, BA, 1990)	1.24
"Melatonin treatment of ewe lambs from early July had no effect on growth rate, whereas treatment from mid-December had a depressive effect."	( Effect of prolonged exposure to exogenous melatonin on the onset and end of the breeding season and on the growth rate of ewe lambs. Nowak, R; Rajkumar, RR; Rodway, RG; Webley, GE, )	1.12
"Melatonin-treated animals showed a similar pattern but the peak in VFI was significantly (P less than 0.05) advanced by 2 weeks compared with controls, although the VFIs of both groups were similar in November.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"	( Effects of melatonin and a dopamine agonist and antagonist on seasonal changes in voluntary intake, reproductive activity and plasma concentrations of prolactin and tri-iodothyronine in red deer hinds. Curlewis, JD; Loudon, AS; McNeilly, AS; Milne, JA; Sibbald, AM, 1990)	1.39
"Melatonin treatment (but not SP exposure) significantly enhanced the reduction in pituitary, ovarian and uterine weight compared to the underfed saline-treated controls."	( Undernutrition potentiates melatonin effects in maturing female rats. Nordio, M; Reiter, RJ; Sabry, I; Vaughan, MK, 1989)	1.3
"Melatonin treatment of Pn rats reverses all three parameters toward the normal values."	( Effect of pinealectomy on liver insulin and glucagon receptor concentrations in the rat. Alvarez, E; Blázquez, E; De Diego, JG; Mellado, C; Rodríguez, V, 1989)	1
"Melatonin-treated animals had significantly reduced testicular and seminal vesicle weights, compared with vehicle-treated control animals: serum T4 levels and the FT4I were reduced by melatonin treatment, but serum T3 and the FT3I were increased."	( Effects of melatonin and thyroxine treatment on reproductive organs and thyroid hormone levels in male hamsters. Creighton, JA; Rudeen, PK, 1989)	1.39
"Melatonin-treated hamsters had significantly greater mean body weights than did the vehicle-treated hamsters (P less than 0.05)."	( Effects of daily afternoon melatonin administration on body weight and thyroid hormones in female hamsters. Petterborg, LJ; Rudeen, PK, 1989)	1.3
"Melatonin treatment significantly advanced age at first perineal swelling (23.9 +/- 0.5 vs 30.5 +/- 0.2 months) and menarche (26.2 +/- 0.9 vs 31.2 +/- 2.4 months)."	( Short-day melatonin pattern advances puberty in seasonally breeding rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Gordon, TP; Wilson, ME, 1989)	1.4
"Melatonin-treated animals exhibited enhanced 5'-DII activity restricted to brown adipose tissue; the increase was threefold above the values measured in the control group."	( Melatonin specifically stimulates type-II thyroxine 5'-deiodination in brown adipose tissue of Syrian hamsters. Guerrero, JM; Menéndez-Pelaez, A; Puig-Domingo, M; Reiter, RJ, 1989)	2.44
"Melatonin treatment resulted in an 85% and 65% decrease in serum PRL levels in male and female hamsters, respectively."	( Sexually dimorphic effects of melatonin on prolactin cell function in male and female syrian hamsters. Blask, DE, 1989)	1.29
"Melatonin treatment resulted in significantly higher specific binding in the hypothalamus 2 h after dark (10%, control fed; 20%, protein restricted) but reduced the GABA induced stimulation of binding in the midbrain (35.5% to 25%, control fed; 33.7% to 23.5%, protein restricted)."	( Effects of protein restriction, melatonin administration, and short daylength on brain benzodiazepine receptors in prepubertal male rats. Carbone, F; Kennaway, DJ; Royles, P; Webb, H, 1988)	1.28
"Thus melatonin treatments lasting six weeks can result in an advance of the breeding season and an advance in the seasonal peak in ovulation rate."	( Short- and long-term effects of manipulation of the pineal/melatonin axis in ewes. Kennaway, DJ, 1988)	0.97
"Melatonin-treated bucks exhibited a marked advancement of neck muscle hypertrophy during the treatment period and displayed normal rutting activity (e.g."	( Effects of subcutaneous melatonin implants on reproductive seasonality of farmed fallow deer (Dama dama). Adam, JL; Asher, GW; Barrell, GK; Staples, LD, 1988)	1.3
"Melatonin pretreatment blocked GRF-induced increment of GH in rats."	( The pineal gland in relation to growth and development in children. Gupta, D, 1986)	0.99
"Melatonin treatment of Pn rats induces an increase of IRI concentrations and a reduction in IRG levels."	( Effect of pinealectomy on plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon levels in the rat. Blázquez, E; Diaz, B, 1986)	0.99
"Melatonin-treated ewe lambs maintained normal rhythmic melatonin production which was superimposed on a higher basal concentration and showed the same increase in melatonin output with age as the control ewes."	( Pituitary response to LHRH, LH pulsatility and plasma melatonin and prolactin changes in ewe lambs treated with melatonin implants to delay puberty. Gilmore, TA; Kennaway, DJ; Peek, JC; Royles, P, 1986)	1.24
"Melatonin treatment increased the basal concentration of LH (Groups CC + EC = 0.30 ng/ml; Groups CM + EM = 0.38 ng/ml; P less than 0.02) and the amplitude of pulses (Groups CC + EC = 1.24; Groups CM + EM = 2.44 ng/ml; P less than 0.02); the highest amplitude was observed for females in Group EM."	( Induction and persistence of pituitary and ovarian activity in the out-of-season lactating dairy goat after a treatment combining a skeleton photoperiod, melatonin and the male effect. Chemineau, P; Normant, E; Ravault, JP; Thimonier, J, 1986)	1.19
"Melatonin-treated mole rats exhibited reduction both in initial body temperature (Tbo) and in the decrease of body temperature (delta Tb) after 6 hours of exposure to cold."	( The effect of melatonin administration and short exposures to cold on body temperature of the blind subterranean mole rat (Rodentia, Spalax ehrenberghi, Nehring). Beiles, A; Heth, G; Nevo, E; Pevet, P, 1986)	1.35
"Melatonin treatment of these SGX lambs restored puberty to the normal age."	( Melatonin rhythms time photoperiod-induced puberty in the female lamb. Foster, DL; Yellon, SM, 1986)	2.44
"Of 5 melatonin-treated tammars, 4 gave birth on Day 45, so had failed to respond to the melatonin injection alone but reactivated when this was combined with the endogenous melatonin rise during exposure to 15L:9D."	( Change in duration of elevated concentrations of melatonin is the major factor in photoperiod response of the tammar, Macropus eugenii. Hinds, LA; McConnell, SJ; Tyndale-Biscoe, CH, 1986)	0.98
"Melatonin-treated hinds lost slightly more live weight than did controls from June to November, but their suckled calves grew throughout at a rate similar to those of control hinds."	( Induction of early breeding in red deer (Cervus elaphus) by melatonin. Adam, CL; Atkinson, T; Moir, CE, 1986)	1.23
"Melatonin treatment had no significant effect on seasonal variation of T3, or T4."	( The effect of orally administered melatonin on the seasonality of deer pelage exchange, antler development, LH, FSH, prolactin, testosterone, T3, T4, cortisol and alkaline phosphatase. Bubenik, GA; Schams, D; Smith, PS, 1986)	1.27
"Melatonin treatment appeared more efficient than an artificial photoperiod in reducing plasma prolactin concentrations."	( Effects of various melatonin treatments on plasma prolactin concentrations in the ewe. Arendt, J; English, J; Poulton, AL; Symons, AM, 1986)	1.32
"Melatonin treatment decreased food intake and carcass lipid stores but did not affect voluntary exercise."	( Body weight, food intake and energy regulation in exercising and melatonin-treated Siberian hamsters. Bartness, TJ; Wade, GN, 1985)	1.23
"Treatment with melatonin derivatives 4, 6, 7 and 11 (i.p., 50 mg kg(-1) b."	( Potent neuroprotective role of novel melatonin derivatives for management of central neuropathy induced by acrylamide in rats. Abd-Elhalim, MM; Ahmed, HH; el-Sayed, el-SM; Elmegeed, GA; Shafic, RW; Shousha, WG, 2010)	0.97
"Treatment with melatonin significantly ameliorated these defects through its effects on ROS level."	( Exposure to nivalenol declines mouse oocyte quality via inducing oxidative stress-related apoptosis and DNA damage†. Pan, ZN; Sun, SC; Wang, Y; Xing, CH; Zhang, HL, 2021)	0.96
"Pretreatment with melatonin significantly alleviated Sev-induced synaptic deficiency, dysmyelination, and long-term learning impairment."	( Melatonin pretreatment alleviates the long-term synaptic toxicity and dysmyelination induced by neonatal Sevoflurane exposure via MT1 receptor-mediated Wnt signaling modulation. Guo, B; Liang, L; Lu, R; Mao, Z; Tang, W; Wang, Y; Wu, S; Xie, R; Yang, X; Zeng, T; Zhang, H; Zhang, L; Zhao, Y, 2021)	2.39
"Pretreatment of melatonin can abolish the neurotoxic effect of MA on neurotransmission dysregulation."	( The neuroprotective role of melatonin against methamphetamine toxicity-induced neurotransmission dysregulation and cognitive deficits in rats. Chetsawang, B; Harnpramukkul, A; Komlao, P; Kraiwattanapirom, N; Ngampramuan, S; Promyo, K, 2021)	1.25
"Treatment (melatonin vs placebo) had a significant effect on tear melatonin concentration, but not on tear production, IOP, or serum melatonin concentration; however, tear melatonin concentration was significantly different between groups only 30 minutes after administration on day 1 and not at other times."	( Effects of long-term oral administration of melatonin on tear production, intraocular pressure, and tear and serum melatonin concentrations in healthy dogs. Abdous, A; Alagha, HE; Faghihi, H; Fazio, F; Giannetto, C; Omidi, R; Ostadhasan, H; Piccione, G; Rajaei, SM, 2022)	1.35
"Pretreatment with melatonin (10 mg/kg) effectively reduced cardiac I/R injury by reducing infarct size, arrhythmia, and LV dysfunction."	( Therapeutic potential of a single-dose melatonin in the attenuation of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury in prediabetic obese rats. Apaijai, N; Arunsak, B; Chattipakorn, N; Chattipakorn, SC; Chunchai, T; Maneechote, C; Singhanat, K; Sumneang, N, 2022)	1.31
"Pretreatment with melatonin significantly reversed METH-induced APP-cleaving secretases and Aβ production."	( Melatonin Attenuates Methamphetamine-Induced Alteration of Amyloid β Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme Expressions via Melatonin Receptor in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Boontor, A; Govitrapong, P; Nopparat, C; Panmanee, J, 2022)	2.49
"Treatment with melatonin was associated with suicide and suicide attempt. "	( Associations between treatment with melatonin and suicidal behavior: a nationwide cohort study. Erlangsen, A; Hawton, K; Høier, NK; Jennum, P; Madsen, T; Nordentoft, M; Spira, AP, 2022)	1.35
"The treatment with melatonin improved wound healing by promoting wound closure earlier than the control group evaluated. "	( Topical application of melatonin accelerates the maturation of skin wounds and increases collagen deposition in a rat model of diabetes. Amaral, AC; Celes, MRN; de Menezes, LB; de Oliveira Junior, ER; de Souza, TR; Lima, EM; Miguel, MP; Rincon, GCN; Rocha, VL, 2022)	1.36
"Treatment with melatonin and dopaminergic neuron transplantation increased the number of neurons in substantia nigra and striatum while the number of glial cell and the volume of substantia nigra and striatum did not show significant change between groups."	( The effect of dopaminergic neuron transplantation and melatonin co-administration on oxidative stress-induced cell death in Parkinson's disease. Abbaszadeh, HA; Abdollahifar, MA; Aliaghaei, A; Asemi-Rad, A; Ebrahimi, MJ; Heidari, MH; Moafi, M; Sadeghi, Y, 2022)	1.31
"Treatment with melatonin improves oxidative stress, blocks apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress and caspase activation, reduces pro-inflammation cytokines, and enhances steroidogenesis."	( A systematic review on the role of melatonin and its mechanisms on diabetes-related reproductive impairment in non-clinical studies. Abdollahi, M; Armandeh, M; Ataei, M; Bameri, B; Foroumadi, R; Haghi-Aminjan, H; Hassani, S; Samadi, M; Shayesteh, MRH, 2022)	1.34
"Cotreatment with melatonin resulted in an increase in the level of BDNF, marking ameliorated synaptic anomalies and learning disabilities, while reducing weight gain."	( Nano-melatonin and-histidine modulate adipokines and neurotransmitters to improve cognition in HFD-fed rats: A formula to study. Abo-ElMatty, DM; Farid, O; Ghattas, MH; Hegazy, HA; Omar, NN; Saleh, S, 2023)	1.75
"Co-treatment of melatonin may alleviate the chemotherapy/radiotherapy-induced ototoxicity."	( A Systematic Review of the Chemo/Radioprotective Effects of Melatonin against Ototoxic Adverse Effects Induced by Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy. Basirat, U; Bin Tariq, U; Farhood, B; Gupta, J; Jawhar, ZH; Kareem, AK; Moeen, N; Mustafa, YF; Ramírez-Coronel, AA; Romero-Parra, RM; Shoja, SJ; Zabibah, RS, 2023)	1.49
"Pretreatment with melatonin evidently reduced Cr(VI)-induced testicular damage and accelerated spermatogenic restoration, generating an almost normal phenotype on Day 35."	( Systematic assessment of hexavalent chromium-induced damage to male fertility and the preventive role of melatonin: a longitudinal study from the translational point of view. Guo, M; Li, T; Liu, R; Lv, Y; Wu, Z; Zeng, W; Zheng, Y, 2023)	1.45
"Treatment with melatonin was 200 μg/100 g, subcutaneously."	( Protective effect of exogenous melatonin on testicular histopathology and histomorphometry of adult rats with domperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia. da Silva Gomes, JA; da Silva, JV; da Silva, LH; de Araújo Silva, EF; Figueira de Oliveira, ML; Furtado de Carvalho Noya, AGA; Mendes Tenorio, FDCA; Moraes Valença, M; Peixoto Magalhães, C; Tenorio, BM, 2023)	1.54
"Treatment with melatonin during withdrawal restored METH-induced mitochondria and synaptic impairments."	( Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Neurotoxic Effects of Chronic Methamphetamine Self-Administration-Induced Cognitive Impairments and the Role of Melatonin-Enhanced Restorative Process during Methamphetamine Withdrawal. Chetsawang, B; Cornish, JL; Na Nakorn, P; Ngampramuan, S; Panmanee, J; Pannengpetch, S; Polvat, T; Prasertporn, T; Suwanjang, W, 2023)	1.45
"Treatment with melatonin or vitamin C reversed the effects of lead acetate; vitamin C was more effective in restoring SOD activity (P < 0.01) and enhancing ZO-1 protein levels (P < 0.01)."	( Melatonin or vitamin C attenuates lead acetate-induced testicular oxidative and inflammatory damage in mice by inhibiting oxidative stress mediated NF-κB signaling. Mei, S; Wang, J; Wang, XZ; Yin, YR; Zhang, JJ; Zhao, ZM; Zheng, QY, 2023)	2.69
"Treatment with melatonin restored the HI-induced effects on miR-126/miR-146a expressions, both in the cerebral cortex and in serum."	( MiR-126 and miR-146a as Melatonin-Responsive Biomarkers for Neonatal Brain Ischemia. Albertini, MC; Balduini, W; Buonocore, G; Carloni, S; Dell'Orto, V; Perrone, S; Vanzolini, T; Weiss, MD, 2023)	1.56
"Treatment with melatonin significantly ameliorates oxidative stress and apoptosis, which further protects cell cycle and spindle formation in OTA-exposed oocytes."	( Melatonin ameliorates ochratoxin A-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in porcine oocytes. Lan, M; Pan, MH; Sun, SC; Wan, X; Xu, Y; Zhang, Y, 2020)	2.34
"Treatment with melatonin significantly reduced cypermethrin-induced genetic damage in dams and pups; however, melatonin was not effective against the genetic damage caused by methomyl."	( Genotoxic and mutagenic evaluation of the protective effect of exogenous melatonin in adult rats and their offspring exposed to the insecticides methomyl and cypermethrin during pregnancy. Chagas, CA; Coelho Teixeira, ÁA; da Silva, MA; de Sousa Coelho, IDD; do Nascimento Marinho, KS; Dos Santos, KRP; Gomes Melo, ME; Lapa Neto, CJC; Teixeira, VW, 2019)	1.09
"Treatment with melatonin increased the distribution of sub-G1 phase and increased DNA condensation in ELT3 cells."	( Melatonin activates cell death programs for the suppression of uterine leiomyoma cell proliferation. Chen, HY; Chiang, YF; Hong, HC; Hsia, SM; Hsu, SP; Huang, KC; Huang, TC; Lin, PH; Tung, YT, 2020)	2.34
"Treatment with melatonin abrogated rotenone-induced impairment of embryo development, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ATP deficiency, and significantly decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis."	( Melatonin enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and protects against rotenone-induced mitochondrial deficiency in early porcine embryos. Cui, XS; Nie, ZW; Niu, YJ; Shin, KT; Zhou, W, 2020)	2.34
"Treatment with melatonin after Keto administration caused significant increases in FSH, LH, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), sperm count, and sperm morphology but significant decreases in MDA and CRP, relative to groups 2 and 3."	( Melatonin ameliorates some biochemical alterations following ketoconazole administration in rats. Abdul-Azeez, AR; Adeyemi, W; Alabi, Q; Okeleji, L; Olayaki, L; Omoniyi, J; Sampson, E; Shoyoye, A; Sulaiman, F, 2020)	2.34
"Treatment with melatonin rescued replicative senescence by enhancing mitophagy and mitochondrial function through upregulation of heat shock 70 kDa protein 1L (HSPA1L)."	( Melatonin suppresses senescence-derived mitochondrial dysfunction in mesenchymal stem cells via the HSPA1L-mitophagy pathway. Lee, JH; Lee, SH; Noh, H; Song, KH; Yoon, YM, 2020)	2.34
"Treatment with melatonin increased the expression of cellular prion protein (PrP"	( Melatonin-stimulated exosomes enhance the regenerative potential of chronic kidney disease-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells via cellular prion proteins. Lee, JH; Lee, SH; Noh, H; Song, KH; Yoon, YM, 2020)	2.34
"Pretreatment with melatonin attenuates renal IRI-mediated cardiac damage by maintaining myocardial diastolic function and reducing cardiomyocyte death."	( Melatonin fine-tunes intracellular calcium signals and eliminates myocardial damage through the IP3R/MCU pathways in cardiorenal syndrome type 3. Li, R; Toan, S; Wang, J; Zhou, H, 2020)	2.32
"Treatment with melatonin resulted in the upregulation of INHBA and FST genes in the ovarian tissue of the melatonin-treated animals (GPxMe), when compared with GPx."	( Evidence that Melatonin Increases Inhibin Beta-A and Follistatin Gene Expression in Ovaries of Pinealectomized Rats. Baracat, EC; Baracat, MCP; Carbonel, AAF; Carvalho, KC; Cipolla-Neto, J; de Jesus Simões, M; Dos Santos Simões, R; Girão, MJBC; Luquetti, CM; Maganhin, CC; Seganfredo, IB; Soares-Jr, JM, 2020)	1.26
"Treatment with melatonin restricted estrogen/UBC/SDHB-induced succinate accumulation and upregulated expression of KCNQ1 and reduced the succinate-mediated growth of UECC in vitro and in vivo."	( Melatonin alleviates progression of uterine endometrial cancer by suppressing estrogen/ubiquitin C/SDHB-mediated succinate accumulation. Chang, K; Chang, R; Gu, C; Li, M; Qiu, X; Qu, Y; Wang, J; Wang, Y; Xie, F; Yang, H; Ye, J; Zhang, B, 2020)	2.34
"The treatment with melatonin starting 48 h after SCGx, which had no effect on the ubiquitous choriocapillaris widening, protected visual functions and avoided Bruch´s membrane thickening, RPE melanin content, melanosome number loss, retinoid isomerohydrolase (RPE65)-immunoreactivity decrease, and RPE and hotoreceptor ultrastructural damage induced within experimental NE-AMD exclusively located at the central temporal (but not nasal) region."	( Melatonin protects the retina from experimental nonexudative age-related macular degeneration in mice. Alaimo, A; Aranda, ML; Calanni, JS; Chianelli, MS; Diéguez, HH; Dorfman, D; González Fleitas, MF; Keller Sarmiento, MI; Romeo, HE; Rosenstein, RE; Sande, PH, 2020)	2.32
"Pretreatment with melatonin ameliorated the radiation-induced adverse effects by decreasing the MDA and NO levels (p < .001) and increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities (p < .001)."	( Neuroprotective effect of melatonin on radiation-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the brainstem of rats. Aliasgharzedeh, A; Farhood, B; Mohseni, M; Motallebzadeh, E; Tameh, AA; Zavareh, SAT, 2020)	1.18
"Treatment with melatonin after whole-body irradiation led to significant mitigation of radiation toxicity in both small and large intestines."	( Mitigation of Radiation-Induced Gastrointestinal System Injury by Melatonin: A Histopathological Study. Bagheri, H; Javadi, A; Najafi, M; Sadeghi, H; Shekarchi, B, 2020)	1.13
"Treatment with melatonin after an accidental exposure to radiation may increase survival via mitigation of damages to radiosensitive organs, including the gastrointestinal system."	( Mitigation of Radiation-Induced Gastrointestinal System Injury by Melatonin: A Histopathological Study. Bagheri, H; Javadi, A; Najafi, M; Sadeghi, H; Shekarchi, B, 2020)	1.13
"Pretreatment with melatonin was associated with a significant lower infarct size in comparison with vehicle in myocardial I/R damage (WMD: -20.45, 95% CI: -25.43 to -15.47,"	( Melatonin against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Meta-analysis and Mechanism Insight from Animal Studies. Chen, YH; Huang, ZQ; Lin, H; Mao, ZJ; Xiao, FY, 2020)	2.32
"Post-treatment with melatonin 2 hours after ICH dose-dependently improved neurological behavioral performance lasting out to 14 days after ICH."	( Melatonin Alleviates Neuronal Damage After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Hyperglycemic Rats. Liang, F; Shi, L; Sun, Z; Wang, J; Wang, Z; Xu, S; Zhang, J; Zheng, J; Zhou, J; Zhu, X, 2020)	2.32
"Treatment with melatonin improved oxidative stress parameters such as MDA and GSH, and testis injury score, increased the thickness of the germinal epithelial thickness and diameter of the seminiferous tubule, and decreased testosterone hormone in the EMR-exposed mice, and these differences were significant(p < .05)."	( The protective effect of melatonin on radiofrequency electromagnetic fields of mobile phone-induced testicular damage in an experimental mouse model. Amiri, FT; Malekshah, AK; Shamsaei, ME; Shokri, M, 2020)	1.2
"Treatment with melatonin upregulated Nrf2 expression, inhibited LPS-induced cell morphological change, reversed the expressions of EMT-related proteins, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in A549 cells, as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and anti-oxidative enzymes. "	( Melatonin prevents LPS-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human alveolar epithelial cells via the GSK-3β/Nrf2 pathway. Ding, Z; Fei, G; Ji, S; Kang, J; Li, J; Wang, Y; Wu, X; Zhang, W, 2020)	2.35
"Co-treatment with melatonin alleviated B(a)P or BPDE-induced CL dysfunction by ameliorating oxidative stress, counteracting phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway, decreasing the apoptosis of the ovarian cells."	( Melatonin alleviates benzo(a)pyrene-induced ovarian corpus luteum dysfunction by suppressing excessive oxidative stress and apoptosis. Chen, X; Ding, Y; Gao, R; Geng, Y; He, J; Li, N; Liu, X; Mu, X; Tan, Q; Wang, Y; Xu, H, 2021)	2.39
"Treatment with melatonin significantly alleviated neuronal apoptosis and accelerated the recovery of spinal cord function."	( Role of melatonin in the dynamics of acute spinal cord injury in rats. Bi, J; Chen, C; Li, Z; Lin, Y; Shen, J; Sun, P; Tan, H, 2021)	1.4
"Pretreatment with melatonin significantly reversed these parameters."	( Melatonin Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Changes in Beta Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Boontem, P; Chaopae, W; Govitrapong, P; Nopparat, C; Sopha, P; Wongchitrat, P, 2022)	2.49
"Treatment with melatonin oral gel showed a consistent trend to lower incidence and shorter SOM duration and shorter duration of UOM. "	( Randomized placebo-controlled phase II trial of high-dose melatonin mucoadhesive oral gel for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiation therapy concurrent with systemic treatment. Bosser, R; Cascallar, L; Escames, G; Farré, N; Giralt, J; Gómez-Millán, J; Grima, P; Lanzuela, M; Lozano, A; Marruecos, J; Mesía, R; Morera, R; Planas, I; Rubió, J; Tarragó, C; Valentí, V; Vázquez-Masedo, MG, 2021)	1.22
"Treatment with melatonin at all time points alleviated cardiac I/R injury to a similar extent, quantified by reduction in infarct size, arrhythmia score, LV dysfunction, cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics, excessive mitophagy, and a decreased Bax/Bcl2 ratio. "	( Melatonin as a therapy in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury: Potential mechanisms by which MT2 activation mediates cardioprotection. Apaijai, N; Chattipakorn, N; Chattipakorn, SC; Jaiwongkam, T; Kerdphoo, S; Singhanat, K, 2021)	2.42
"Treatment with melatonin increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and decreased malondialdehyde concentrations but did not significantly affect the concentration of P4."	( Two melatonin treatments improve the conception rate after fixed-time artificial insemination in beef heifers following synchronisation of oestrous cycles using the CoSynch-56 protocol. Gao, X; Guo, L; Li, M; Lu, W; Wang, J; Yang, Y; Zhao, J, 2021)	1.52
"Pre-treatment with melatonin significantly reduced brain damage at 7 d after HI, with 15mg/kg melatonin achieving over 30% recovery in tissue loss compared to vehicle-treated animals."	( Melatonin reduces hypoxic-ischaemic (HI) induced autophagy and apoptosis: An in vivo and in vitro investigation in experimental models of neonatal HI brain injury. Fang, M; Hu, Y; Jiang, H; Li, Z; Lin, Z; Liu, Y; Pan, S; Wang, Z; Xiao, J; Yin, J; Zhang, H; Zou, S, 2017)	2.22
"Oral treatment with melatonin gel had a protective effect in the small intestine, which was associated with mitochondrial protection and, consequently, with a reduced inflammatory response, blunting the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling activation."	( Melatonin protects rats from radiotherapy-induced small intestine toxicity. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Escames, G; Fernández-Gil, B; Florido, J; García-Verdugo, JM; Guerra-Librero, A; López, LC; Luna, JD; Mendivil-Perez, M; Molina-Navarro, MM; Moneim, AE; Ortiz, F; Sayed, RK; Shen, YQ; Soto-Mercado, V, 2017)	2.21
"Pretreatment with melatonin (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) before cisplatin (5 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) was administered to mice once daily for 3 days (phase I)."	( Melatonin protects against cisplatin-induced ovarian damage in mice via the MT1 receptor and antioxidant activity. Barberino, RS; Jiang, X; Matos, MHT; Menezes, VG; Palheta, RC; Ribeiro, AEAS; Smitz, JEJ, 2017)	2.22
"Treatment with melatonin up to 14 mg at bedtime was initiated with complete realignment of the sleep-wake rhythm (tau 23.93 hours)."	( Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Rhythm Disorder and Melatonin Secretion Impairment in a Patient With Pineal Cyst. Antelmi, E; Ferri, L; Filardi, M; Moresco, M; Pierangeli, G; Pizza, F; Plazzi, G; Toni, F; Vandi, S; Zucchelli, M, 2017)	1.06
"Treatment of melatonin protected against nigral dopamine loss and replenished the striatal dopamine loss that resulted in amelioration of rotational behavioral bias in Hcy denervated animals. "	( Melatonin protects against behavioral deficits, dopamine loss and oxidative stress in homocysteine model of Parkinson's disease. Bhattacharya, P; Borah, A; Justin Thenmozhi, A; Manivasagam, T; Paul, R; Phukan, BC, 2018)	2.29
"Treatment with melatonin significantly reversed these abnormalities."	( Melatonin ameliorates intrarenal renin-angiotensin system in a 5/6 nephrectomy rat model. Fujikura, T; Ishigaki, S; Isobe, S; Iwakura, T; Kato, A; Matsuyama, T; Miyajima, H; Ohashi, N; Tsuji, N; Tsuji, T; Yasuda, H, 2018)	2.26
"Treatment with melatonin also prevented LPS-induced increase in lipid peroxidation and the reduction of glutathione levels in the hippocampus."	( Neuroprotective effect of melatonin against lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Buss, ZS; Doneda, DL; Ferreira, YS; Fraga-Junior, EB; Lima, E; Lopes, L; Mendonça, CB; Rossi, FL; Stupp, IJV; Taniguti, EH; Vandresen-Filho, S; Ynoue, HN, 2018)	1.12
"Pretreatment with melatonin significantly reversed the HS-induced myocardial injury, cardiac oxidative stress and cardiac inflammation."	( Melatonin provides protection against heat stroke-induced myocardial injury in male rats. Chang, CP; Chao, CM; Lin, CH; Lin, MT; Lin, S; Lin, X; Liu, L; Wen, S; Ye, Z; Zhao, T; Zuo, D, 2018)	2.25
"The treatment with melatonin plus insulin (MI) was capable of maintaining glycemic control. "	( Combined treatment with melatonin and insulin improves glycemic control, white adipose tissue metabolism and reproductive axis of diabetic male rats. Andreotti, S; Campana, AB; Coelho-de-Souza, AN; de Proença, ARG; Donato-Junior, J; Lima, FB; Oliveira, AC; Oliveira, KA; Sertie, RAL; Vasconcelos, RP, 2018)	1.12
"Treatment with melatonin significantly increased OPN and SMP30 expression and ACh, NE, and Dop levels in the hippocampus with amelioration of the oxidative stress compared with BCCAO rats."	( Melatonin ameliorates brain oxidative stress and upregulates senescence marker protein-30 and osteopontin in a rat model of vascular dementia. Bin-Jaliah, I; Sakr, HF, 2018)	2.26
"Treatment with melatonin led to the following changes: 1-A statistically significant increase in soluble monomeric Aβ40 and an increasing trend in Aβ42 in cervical and axillary lymph nodes of treated mice."	( Melatonin Treatment Enhances Aβ Lymphatic Clearance in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Amyloidosis. Matsubara, E; Pacheco-Quinto, J; Pappolla, MA; Poeggeler, B; Sambamurti, K; Vidal, R; Zagorski, M, 2018)	2.26
"Pre-treatment with melatonin protects c-kit+ CPCs against oxidative stress-induced damage via downregulation of miR-98 and thereby increasing STAT3, representing a potentially new strategy to improve CPC-based therapy for MI."	( Pre-Treatment with Melatonin Enhances Therapeutic Efficacy of Cardiac Progenitor Cells for Myocardial Infarction. Bi, C; Cai, B; Ding, F; Du, Z; Han, Z; He, F; Hua, B; Huang, Q; Jin, M; Liu, T; Lu, Y; Ma, W; Wang, X; Yang, F; Yu, Y; Yuan, Y; Zhang, L, 2018)	1.14
"Pretreatment with melatonin partially reversed these alterations and promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation."	( Melatonin protects H9c2 cells against ischemia/reperfusion‑induced apoptosis and oxidative stress via activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Gao, F; Miao, S; Qiao, B; Wang, H; Zhang, Y; Zhao, H, 2018)	2.25
"Treatment with melatonin improved weight loss, mucosal, and histological damage compared with TNBS group. "	( Melatonin ameliorates TNBS-induced colitis in rats through the melatonin receptors: involvement of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling pathway. Abdollahi, A; Akbarian, R; Chamanara, M; Dehpour, AR; Mehr, SE; Rashidian, A; Rezayat, SM; Shirkohi, R, 2019)	2.31
"Pre‑treatment with melatonin was further used to identify the potential anti‑inflammatory mechanisms in AP."	( Melatonin attenuates the inflammatory response via inhibiting the C/EBP homologous protein-mediated pathway in taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis. Che, Q; Huang, J; Jin, Y; Li, J; Sun, Y; Wu, J; Yu, H; Zhang, H; Zhao, Q, 2018)	2.24
"Pretreatment with melatonin (0.1-0.3 mM) significantly inhibited accumulation of triglyceride and cholesterol induced by incubating HepG2 cells with high concentrations of oleic acid (oleic acid overload) (p < 0.05)."	( Melatonin Modulates lipid Metabolism in HepG2 Cells Cultured in High Concentrations of Oleic Acid: AMPK Pathway Activation may Play an Important Role. He, Y; Ji, S; Mi, Y; Tan, D; Zhou, Q; Zhou, X, 2018)	2.25
"Treatment with melatonin attenuated the histological damage."	( Effects of melatonin on acetylsalicylic acid induced gastroduodenal and jejunal mucosal injury. Karaaslan, MG; Parlakpinar, H; Taslidere, B; Taslidere, E; Vardi, N; Yıldız, A, 2018)	1.21
"Treatment with melatonin significantly increased the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) and the production of progesterone in both TI and in TCs."	( Melatonin Stimulates STAR Expression and Progesterone Production via Activation of the PI3K/AKT Pathway in Bovine Theca Cells. He, Y; Meng, K; Quan, F; Wang, H; Wang, X; Zhang, Y, 2019)	2.3
"Pretreatment with melatonin could increase the index of thymus and spleen, reduce cell apoptosis in thymus and spleen, and attenuate the carbon ion radiation-caused imbalance of T lymphocytes and disorder of cytokines."	( Exogenous melatonin modulates carbon ion radiation-induced immune dysfunction in mice. Guo, H; Liao, S; Liu, Y; Mao, A; Sun, C; Tang, J; Wang, F; Xia, X; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y, 2019)	1.24
"Treatment with melatonin in CLE rats showed reduced level of MDA, PMRS, PCO, AOPPs and AGEs while GSH and FRAP activity were increased."	( Redox homeostasis in a rodent model of circadian disruption: Effect of melatonin supplementation. Rizvi, SI; Singh, S; Verma, AK, 2019)	1.09
"Treatment with melatonin reduced the expressions of these genes and also alleviated oxidative injury in both targeted and non-targeted lung tissues."	( Melatonin Modulates Regulation of NOX2 and NOX4 Following Irradiation in the Lung. Amini, P; Geraily, G; Motevaseli, E; Najafi, M; Shabeeb, D; Shirazi, A; Tooli, LF, 2019)	2.3
"Treatment with melatonin could significantly improve these phenotypes in oocytes exposed to FE."	( Melatonin protects against Fenoxaprop-ethyl exposure-induced meiotic defects in mouse oocytes. He, YT; Shen, W; Sun, QY; Wang, W; Yin, S, 2019)	2.3
"Pretreatment with melatonin had a dose-dependent protective effect on MTX-induced mucositis."	( A preclinical study on the protective effect of melatonin against methotrexate-induced small intestinal damage: effect mediated by attenuation of nitrosative stress, protein tyrosine nitration, and PARP activation. Abraham, P; Faith, M; Isaac, B; Kanakasabapathy, I; Kolli, VK; Natarajan, K; Ramamoorthy, H, 2013)	0.97
"Treatment with melatonin or ramelteon in combination with BMP-4 additively suppressed CRH-induced ACTH production."	( Melatonin receptor activation suppresses adrenocorticotropin production via BMP-4 action by pituitary AtT20 cells. Inagaki, K; Iwasaki, Y; Makino, H; Nakamura, E; Ogura-Ochi, K; Otsuka, F; Terasaka, T; Toma, K; Tsukamoto, N, 2013)	2.17
"Treatment with melatonin significantly mitigates lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity and the level of reduced glutathione content abnormality induced by CP in mice testis."	( Melatonin ameliorates oxidative stress and reproductive toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide in male mice. Ahmadi, A; Chabra, A; Naghshvar, F; Salehi, F; Shokrzadeh, M, 2014)	2.18
"Pretreatment with melatonin, a neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland, effectively reduced glial cell death."	( Protective effect of melatonin on methamphetamine-induced apoptosis in glioma cell line. Govitrapong, P; Jumnongprakhon, P; Tocharus, C; Tocharus, J; Tungkum, W, 2014)	1.04
"Treatment with melatonin markedly decreased the expressions of TLR4 pathway-related agents, such as high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), TLR4, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)."	( Melatonin alleviates secondary brain damage and neurobehavioral dysfunction after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage: possible involvement of TLR4-mediated inflammatory pathway. Chen, G; Ji, C; Wang, Z; Wu, L; You, W, 2013)	2.17
"Pre-treatment with melatonin produced an inhibitory effect on iNOS expression and NO production."	( Melatonin suppresses nitric oxide production in glial cultures by pro-inflammatory cytokines through p38 MAPK inhibition. Auladell, C; Camins, A; de Lemos, L; Folch, J; Junyent, F; Martínez, N; Pallàs, M; Patraca, I; Verdaguer, E; Vilar, A, 2014)	2.16
"Treatment with melatonin induced apoptosis and upregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim) in renal cancer Caki cells."	( Transcriptional and post-translational regulation of Bim controls apoptosis in melatonin-treated human renal cancer Caki cells. Kwon, TK; Min, KJ; Park, EJ; Woo, SM, 2014)	0.97
"Pretreatment with melatonin attenuated obstructive and restrictive ventilatory insufficiency induced by AP."	( Pulmonary function changes in rats with taurocholate-induced pancreatitis are attenuated by pretreatment with melatonin. Chen, KH; Chou, TY; Leu, FJ; Reiter, RJ; Wang, D; Yeh, DY, 2014)	0.94
"Pretreatment with melatonin was found to renew BrdU and DCX expression in the dentate gyrus."	( Melatonin pretreatment prevented the effect of dexamethasone negative alterations on behavior and hippocampal neurogenesis in the mouse brain. Govitrapong, P; Mahanam, T; Ruksee, N; Tongjaroenbuangam, W, 2014)	2.17
"Rats treated with melatonin had higher bone volume, bone trabecular number, trabecular thickness, and cortical thickness in comparison to the control group. "	( Melatonin dietary supplement as an anti-aging therapy for age-related bone loss. Barralet, JE; Calvo-Guirado, JL; Eimar, H; Prieto, S; Tamimi, F; Torres, J; Tresguerres, IF; Tresguerres, JA, 2014)	2.18
"Treatment with melatonin significantly reduced the number of MnPCEs induced by CP at all doses (p < 0.0001). "	( The potential ameliorative effects of melatonin against cyclophosphamide-induced DNA damage in murine bone marrow cells. Ahmadi, A; Chabra, A; Jeivad, F; Naghshvar, F; Shokrzadeh, M, 2014)	1.03
"Treatment with melatonin had no direct effect on FSH-induced progesterone or estradiol production by granulosa cells, and the results were not affected by the presence of co-cultured oocytes."	( Melatonin counteracts BMP-6 regulation of steroidogenesis by rat granulosa cells. Hosoya, T; Inagaki, K; Makino, H; Nakamura, E; Otsuka, F; Terasaka, T; Toma, K; Tsukamoto-Yamauchi, N, 2014)	2.18
"Pretreatment with melatonin (100 μg 100 g(-1) bodyweight subcutaneously) improved the damage induced by UVB radiation on the skin and might act via a receptor-independent mechanism."	( Melatonin improves ultraviolet B-induced oxidative damage and inflammatory conditions in cutaneous tissue of a diurnal Indian palm squirrel Funambulus pennanti. Goswami, S; Haldar, C, 2014)	2.17
"Treatment with melatonin significantly increased the number of neurospheres in a concentration-dependent manner and up-regulated nestin protein."	( Melatonin enhances adult rat hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation via ERK signaling pathway through melatonin receptor. Ekthuwapranee, K; Govitrapong, P; Junmanee, T; Puriboriboon, Y; Tocharus, C; Tocharus, J, 2014)	2.18
"Treatment with melatonin is useful in a diverse range of medical conditions, including bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease, depression and fibromyalgia."	( Local melatonin regulates inflammation resolution: a common factor in neurodegenerative, psychiatric and systemic inflammatory disorders. Anderson, G; Maes, M, 2014)	1.22
"Treatment with melatonin prior to irradiation did not produce any significant change in apoptosis."	( CCAR2 deficiency augments genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis in the presence of melatonin in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Jeong, JW; Kim, JE; Kim, W, 2014)	0.97
"Pretreatment with melatonin prevented ocular inflammation induced by an intravitreal injection of bacterial LPS in the Syrian hamster."	( Treatment with melatonin after onset of experimental uveitis attenuates ocular inflammation. Chianelli, M; Domínguez Rubio, AP; Dorfman, D; Fernandez, DC; Franchi, AM; Rosenstein, RE; Sáenz, DA; Sande, PH; Silberman, DM, 2014)	1.08
"Pretreatment with melatonin and buspirone significantly improved the loss in body weight and locomotor activity, attenuated anxiety-like behavior (in both the mirror chamber and plus maze performance tasks), further restored the levels of brain total proteins, and caused antioxidant-like effects, as evidenced by reduced lipid peroxidation, nitrite concentration, and restoration of reduced glutathione and catalase activity, as compared to control animals."	( Buspirone along with melatonin attenuates oxidative damage and anxiety-like behavior in a mouse model of immobilization stress. Kaur, G; Kumar, A; Rinwa, P, 2014)	1.04
"Treatment with melatonin dose-dependently decreased the viability of H1975 cells harbouring the T790M somatic mutation compared to HCC827 cells with an EGFR active mutation. "	( Melatonin sensitizes H1975 non-small-cell lung cancer cells harboring a T790M-targeted epidermal growth factor receptor mutation to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib. Kim, EO; Kim, J; Kim, JH; Kim, SH; Lee, D; Lee, H; Lee, J; Yun, M, 2014)	2.2
"SCs treated with melatonin showed an increase in glucose consumption via modulation of GLUT1 levels, but decreased LDH protein expression and activity, which resulted in lower lactate production."	( Melatonin alters the glycolytic profile of Sertoli cells: implications for male fertility. Alves, MG; Martins, AD; Oliveira, PF; Rato, L; Rocha, CS; Silva, BM, 2014)	2.17
"Treatment with melatonin did not demonstrate inhibition of the expression of genes HIF-1α, VEGF and ROCK-1 in line SCC25, which has different molecular characteristics and greater degree of malignancy when compared to the line SCC9."	( Molecular markers of angiogenesis and metastasis in lines of oral carcinoma after treatment with melatonin. Colombo, J; Goncalves, Ndo N; Jardim-Perassi, BV; Lopes, JR; Moschetta, MG; Rodrigues, RV; Zuccari, DA, 2014)	0.96
"Treatment with melatonin resulted in significant attenuations of oxidative damage, a decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio, and a significant amelioration of memory impairment in this aging model. "	( Melatonin attenuates memory impairment induced by Klotho gene deficiency via interactive signaling between MT2 receptor, ERK, and Nrf2-related antioxidant potential. Chung, YH; Dang, DK; Jeong, JH; Kim, HC; Le, HL; Nabeshima, T; Nabeshima, Y; Nah, SY; Nam, Y; Shin, EJ; Wie, MB, 2014)	2.2
"Treatment with melatonin, especially at 2 mM, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and in turn led to increased oxidative DNA damage and 8-oxodG formation."	( Melatonin induces apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines by activating the reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Hiraku, Y; Intuyod, K; Laothong, U; Murata, M; Oikawa, S; Pinlaor, S, 2015)	2.2
"Treatment with melatonin for 7 days before radiation led to a significantly greater decrease in RAD51 and DNA-PKcs mRNA expression compared with radiation alone."	( Melatonin sensitizes human breast cancer cells to ionizing radiation by downregulating proteins involved in double-strand DNA break repair. Alonso-González, C; Cos, S; Gómez-Arozamena, J; González, A; Martínez-Campa, C, 2015)	2.2
"Treatment with melatonin led to high survival rates in the mice, in spite of colitis with SD."	( Melatonin improves experimental colitis with sleep deprivation. Baik, HW; Chung, SH; Kim, DS; Kim, JB; Kim, JH; Kim, TK; Lee, SK; Park, YS, 2015)	2.2
"Treatment with melatonin before H2 O2 exposure cannot significantly prevent premature senescence; however, treatment with melatonin subsequent to H2 O2 exposure successfully reversed the senescent phenotypes of BM-MSCs in a dose-dependent manner."	( Melatonin reverses H2 O2 -induced premature senescence in mesenchymal stem cells via the SIRT1-dependent pathway. Chen, S; Chen, X; Cui, W; Gong, Y; He, F; Liu, T; Luo, ZP; Pan, G; Pei, M; Yang, H; Zhou, L, 2015)	2.2
"Pretreatment with melatonin effectively promoted Nrf2 activation and reversed the METH-induced NF-κB response."	( Melatonin Protects Methamphetamine-Induced Neuroinflammation Through NF-κB and Nrf2 Pathways in Glioma Cell Line. Govitrapong, P; Jumnongprakhon, P; Pinkaew, D; Tocharus, C; Tocharus, J, 2015)	2.18
"Treatment with melatonin effectively improved the clinical and neurophysiological aspects of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), especially elderly individuals with underlying neurodegenerative disorders."	( Exogenous melatonin for sleep disorders in neurodegenerative diseases: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Chen, XY; Ding, T; Jia, QZ; Su, SW; Zhang, T; Zhang, W; Zhu, ZN, 2016)	1.18
"Treatment with melatonin ameliorates disease in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis and directly interferes with the differentiation of human and mouse T cells."	( Melatonin Contributes to the Seasonality of Multiple Sclerosis Relapses. Balbuena Aguirre, ME; Correale, J; Farez, MF; Garo, LP; Kuchroo, VK; Mascanfroni, ID; Méndez-Huergo, SP; Murugaiyan, G; Patel, B; Quintana, FJ; Rabinovich, GA; Yeste, A; Ysrraelit, MC; Zhu, C, 2015)	2.2
"Treatment with melatonin is safe in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. "	( The effect of melatonin treatment on postural stability, muscle strength, and quality of life and sleep in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Amstrup, AK; Mosekilde, L; Rejnmark, L; Sikjaer, T, 2015)	1.13
"Treatment with melatonin eliminated the deleterious effect of HSD in the kidneys of Dahl salt-sensitive rats."	( Melatonin prevents kidney injury in a high salt diet-induced hypertension model by decreasing oxidative stress. Barshack, I; Grossman, E; Leibowitz, A; Shemesh, C; Volkov, A; Voloshin, K, 2016)	2.22
"Treatment with melatonin effectively increased the berberine-mediated inhibitions of cell proliferation, colony formation and cell migration, thereby enhancing the sensitivities of lung cancer cells to berberine."	( Melatonin inhibits AP-2β/hTERT, NF-κB/COX-2 and Akt/ERK and activates caspase/Cyto C signaling to enhance the antitumor activity of berberine in lung cancer cells. Deng, W; Fu, L; Huang, W; Lu, JJ; Qin, L; Shi, D; Tang, Z; Wang, J; Xiao, X; Xie, F; Yu, Z; Zhang, C, 2016)	2.22
"Pretreatment with melatonin (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) significantly reversed these RS-induced changes in EPM test parameters and humoral and cell-mediated immunological parameters, as well as oxidative stress markers in a dose-dependent manner by differential degrees (p < 0.001)."	( Pharmacological and biochemical studies on the protective effects of melatonin during stress-induced behavioral and immunological changes in relation to oxidative stress in rats. Banerjee, BD; Gulati, K; Pal, R; Ray, A, 2016)	0.99
"Treatment with melatonin reduced/prevented functional and morphological changes induced by chronic ischemia on penile structure and function."	( Melatonin Improves Erectile Function in Rats With Chronic Lower Body Ischemia. Andersson, KE; Mitsui, T; Nomiya, M; Sawada, N; Takeda, M; Zarifpour, M, 2016)	2.23
"Treatment with melatonin at 4 mM significantly attenuated the sleep problems and rescued the reduction in mEPSC and EPSP frequency in the hLRRK2 transgenic flies."	( Melatonin attenuates hLRRK2-induced sleep disturbances and synaptic dysfunction in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. Chen, L; Gu, H; Guo, W; Huang, Y; Liang, F; Long, S; Lu, X; Nucifora, FC; Pei, Z; Ran, D; Ross, CA; Sun, X; Zeng, J; Zhao, X, 2016)	2.22
"Treatment with melatonin facilitated normalization of arterial pressure and cerebral hemodynamics at night time."	( [THE INFLUENCE OF MELATONIN ON THE PARAMETERS OF CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE]. Dem'yanenko, AV; Khoreva, ET; Voronin, TS, 2016)	1.11
"Treatment of melatonin, rats had shorter escape latencies and remained in the target quadrant longer compared to the HFD-fed and STZ-treated rats."	( Melatonin attenuates the high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced reduction in rat hippocampal neurogenesis. Govitrapong, P; Kamsrijai, U; Lansubsakul, N; Mukda, S; Sae-Ung, K; Wongchitrat, P, 2016)	2.23
"Pretreatment with melatonin, a NFκB inhibitor attenuated TDF induced renal damage."	( Role for NF-κB inflammatory signalling pathway in tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) induced renal damage in rats. Abraham, P; Isaac, B; Ramamoorthy, H; Selvakumar, D, 2017)	0.78
"Treatment with melatonin enhanced MSC proliferation and self-renewal via upregulation of cellular prion protein (PrP"	( Potentiation of biological effects of mesenchymal stem cells in ischemic conditions by melatonin via upregulation of cellular prion protein expression. Han, YS; Lee, JH; Lee, SH, 2017)	1.02
"Pretreatment with melatonin before diazinon acute administration improved all parameters studied on day 1 pi."	( Melatonin prevents damage elicited by the organophosphorous pesticide diazinon on mouse sperm DNA. Bustos-Obregón, E; Maurer, I; Sarabia, L, 2009)	2.12
"Treatment with melatonin improved oxygenation and decreased histological lung injury but significantly increased oxidative stress quantified by malondialdehyde levels."	( Effects of melatonin in an experimental model of ventilator-induced lung injury. Albaiceta, GM; Astudillo, A; Diaz, E; García-Prieto, E; Parra, D; Pedreira, PR; Taboada, F, 2008)	1.08
"Pretreatment with melatonin counteracted 2-BP-induced oxidative stress, ameliorated apoptosis in testis and attenuated histopathological damage in testis."	( Melatonin pretreatment attenuates 2-bromopropane-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Huang, F; Huang, Y; Ichihara, G; Ning, H; Wang, H; Xin, QQ; Xu, DX; Ye, DQ; Zhang, ZH, 2009)	2.12
"Treatment with melatonin resulted in an improvement of subjective and objective sleep parameters, as well as a recovered nocturnal melatonin rhythm."	( The effects of melatonin on sleep-wake rhythm of daytime haemodialysis patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study (EMSCAP study). Boringa, JB; Hagen, EC; Kerkhof, GA; Koch, BC; Nagtegaal, JE; Ter Wee, PM; van der Westerlaken, MM, 2009)	1.06
"Treatment with melatonin (10 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the elevation in hepatic MDA and plasma CRP levels, reaching control values at 24 h."	( Protective effect of melatonin against oxidative hepatic injury after experimental thermal trauma. Bekyarova, G; Hristova, M; Tancheva, S, )	0.79
"Treatment with melatonin increased the percentage of ewes lambing (Melatonin group = 77 (SEM 4)%, Control group = 44 (SEM 7)%; p<0.0001), and overall lambing percentage (Melatonin group = 109 (SEM 1)%, Control group = 59 (SEM 2)%; p<0.0001)."	( Effects of annual rainfall and farm on lamb production after treatment with melatonin implants in Merino sheep: a 4-year study. Abecia, JA; Arrebola, FA; Forcada, F; Garcia, A; Martín, RA; Mesa, O, 2009)	0.92
"Treatment with melatonin also evoked mitochondrial membrane depolarization and permeability transition pore induction, which caused loss of mitochondrial staining by calcein, and increased cell death by apoptosis/necrosis as demonstrated by propidium iodide positive-staining of cells after 72 hr of stimulation."	( Melatonin induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human myeloid HL-60 cells. Barriga, C; Bejarano, I; Espino, J; Paredes, SD; Pariente, JA; Redondo, PC; Reiter, RJ; Rodríguez, AB; Rosado, JA, 2009)	2.14
"Treatment with melatonin or L-Trp resulted in a further significant rise in plasma melatonin, both under fasting and postprandial conditions, particularly in LC patients."	( Altered basal and postprandial plasma melatonin, gastrin, ghrelin, leptin and insulin in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension without and with oral administration of melatonin or tryptophan. Bielanski, W; Celinski, K; Cichoz-Lach, H; Gonciarz, M; Konturek, PC; Konturek, SJ; Reiter, RJ; Slomka, M, 2009)	0.96
"Treatment with melatonin significantly reduces lung injury induced by bleomycin, paraquat and ischemia reperfusion. "	( Melatonin reduces acute lung injury in endotoxemic rats. Jiang, YX; Shang, Y; Wu, Y; Wu, ZY; Xu, SP; Yao, SL; Yuan, SY, 2009)	2.15
"Treatment with melatonin significantly attenuated the increased level of serum aminotransferase, reduced the severe extent of hepatic cell damage, steatosis and the immigration of inflammatory cells, but had no effects on hepatic expression of lipogenic genes."	( Melatonin protects against alcoholic liver injury by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. Hu, S; Huang, D; Jiang, X; Shen, G; Yin, S, 2009)	2.14
"Rats treated with melatonin demonstrated significant structural protection of the myelin lamellae compared to the nerve injury group."	( Neuroprotective effect of melatonin on experimental peripheral nerve injury: an electron microscopic and biochemical study. Biyikli, Z; Daglioglu, E; Erdogan, D; Ergungor, F; Kilinc, K; Okay, O; Serdar Dike, M; Take, G, 2009)	0.98
"Treatment with melatonin (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, ip) significantly improved locomotor activity, weight loss and antianxiety effect as compared with control (sleep-deprived)."	( Possible involvement of GABAergic mechanism in protective effect of melatonin against sleep deprivation-induced behaviour modification and oxidative damage in mice. Kumar, A; Singh, A, 2009)	0.93
"Treatment with melatonin, DHEA and the association showed a significant reduction in the number of blood trypomastigotes during the acute phase of infection as compared to untreated animals (P < 0.05)."	( Melatonin and dehydroepiandrosterone combination: does this treatment exert a synergistic effect during experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection? Alonso Toldo, MP; de Albuquerque, S; do Prado, JC; Ferreira, DS; Kuehn, CC; Rodrigues Oliveira, LG; Santos, CD, 2009)	2.14
"The treatment with melatonin, both in vitro and in vivo, significantly increased progesterone and A(4), but not the estradiol synthesis by the ovaries of S."	( Melatonin affects steroidogenesis and delayed ovulation during winter in vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi. Krishna, A; Srivastava, RK, 2010)	2.12
"Treatment with melatonin preserved the mean arterial pressure, decreased tachycardia, and markers of organ injury, and suppressed the release of TNF-α and IL-6, with no change in hemoglobulin after HS in rats."	( Melatonin ameliorates hemorrhagic shock-induced organ damage in rats. Hsu, BG; Lee, CJ; Lee, RP; Peng, TC; Subeq, YM; Yang, FL, 2011)	2.15
"Treatment with melatonin suppresses the release of serum TNF-α and IL-6, and decreases the levels of markers of organ injury associated with HS, thus ameliorating HS-induced organ damage in rats."	( Melatonin ameliorates hemorrhagic shock-induced organ damage in rats. Hsu, BG; Lee, CJ; Lee, RP; Peng, TC; Subeq, YM; Yang, FL, 2011)	2.16
"The treatment with melatonin alone (2 mg/L in drinking water during the night time) or combined treatment with metformin (0.5 mg/ ml in drinking water during the day time) + melatonin (2 mg/L in drinking water during the night time) did not influence mammary carcinogenesis in the mice."	( Metformin extends life span of HER-2/neu transgenic mice and in combination with melatonin inhibits growth of transplantable tumors in vivo. Anikin, IV; Anisimov, VN; Egormin, PA; Karkach, AS; Piskunova, TS; Popovich, IG; Romanyukha, AA; Tyndyk, ML; Yurova, MN; Zabezhinski, MA, 2010)	0.91
"Treatment with melatonin (10(-8)-10(-5) mol/L) alone had a dose-related inhibitory effect on cell proliferation but no cytotoxic effect on hepatoma cell lines HepG2 and Bel-7402. "	( Melatonin and doxorubicin synergistically induce cell apoptosis in human hepatoma cell lines. Fan, LL; Fu, WZ; Ge, L; Sun, GP; Wang, H; Wang, ZG; Wei, W, 2010)	2.16
"Pretreatment with melatonin, a major secretory product of the pineal gland, abolished METH-induced toxicity, suppressed ROS and RNS formation and also had an inhibitory effect on cytotoxic factor gene expression."	( Melatonin attenuates methamphetamine-induced overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in microglial cell lines. Chongthammakun, S; Govitrapong, P; Khonthun, C; Tocharus, J, 2010)	2.13
"Pretreatment with melatonin or tryptophan remarkably reduced ASA induced gastric lesions and microbleeding."	( Role of melatonin in mucosal gastroprotection against aspirin-induced gastric lesions in humans. Bielanski, W; Celinski, K; Cichoz-Lach, H; Konturek, PC; Konturek, SJ; Reiter, RJ; Slomka, M, 2010)	1.12
"The treatment with melatonin (intraperitoneally in a dose of 4 mg/kg) before endotoxic lipopolysaccharide injection (intravenously 500 microg/kg) improved oxygen transport function of the blood, increased the hemoglobin-oxygen affinity, decreased nitrates/nitrites level, reduced the gain of free-radical processes, and increased the level of antioxidant protection factors in test animals."	( [Effect of melatonin on the blood oxygen-carrying function and prooxidant-antioxidant balance after lipopolysaccharide injection]. Shul'ga, EV; Zinchuk, VV, 2010)	1.07
"Pretreatment with melatonin reduced MTX induced renal damage both histologically and biochemically as revealed by normal plasma creatinine levels."	( Melatonin attenuates methotrexate-induced oxidative stress and renal damage in rats. Abraham, P; Kolli, VK; Rabi, S, 2010)	2.13
"Pretreatment with melatonin also preserved villous height (p = 0.009) and crypt height (p = 0.03); although a similar trend was observed for pre-irradiation octreotide, the differences were not significant."	( Protective effects of melatonin and octreotide against radiation-induced intestinal injury. Bacanli, D; Kayaselcuk, F; Onal, C; Topkan, E; Yavuz, A; Yavuz, M, 2011)	1.01
"Treatment with melatonin significantly advanced SO and DLMO by approximately 1 h and decreased SOL by 35 min. "	( Dose finding of melatonin for chronic idiopathic childhood sleep onset insomnia: an RCT. Egberts, AC; Korzilius, HP; Smits, MG; van der Heijden, KB; van Geijlswijk, IM, 2010)	1.06
"Treatment of melatonin with MPTP reversed all these MPTP-induced changes."	( The mechanism of action of MPTP-induced neuroinflammation and its modulation by melatonin in rat astrocytoma cells, C6. Nath, C; Niranjan, R; Shukla, R, 2010)	0.94
"Treatment with melatonin decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, HO (HO-1 and HO-2), iNOS, MCP1, NFκB1, NFκB2 and NKAP in old male mice."	( Melatonin improves inflammation processes in liver of senescence-accelerated prone male mice (SAMP8). Ariznavarreta, C; Cuesta, S; Escames, G; Forman, K; García, C; Kireev, R; Tresguerres, JA; Vara, E, 2010)	2.14
"Treatment with melatonin increased the number of DCX-positive immature neurons with more complex dendrites."	( Chronic treatment with melatonin stimulates dendrite maturation and complexity in adult hippocampal neurogenesis of mice. Benítez-King, GA; Domínguez-Alonso, A; Kempermann, G; Ortíz-López, L; Ramirez-Rodriguez, G, 2011)	1.02
"Treatment of melatonin + RSV significantly attenuated the neurotoxicity induced by H(2) O(2) in primary cortical neurons and also in organotypic hippocampal slice culture."	( Melatonin synergistically increases resveratrol-induced heme oxygenase-1 expression through the inhibition of ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway: a possible role in neuroprotection. Han, SH; Ignarro, LJ; Kim, HJ; Kim, JN; Kim, MK; Kwon, KJ; Lee, J; Shin, CY, 2011)	2.16
"Treatment with melatonin (25 mg/kg, ip) prevented the development of AP in the sham-operated rats and significantly reduced pancreatic inflammation in the animals previously subjected to pinealectomy."	( Pinealectomy aggravates acute pancreatitis in the rat. Jaworek, AK; Jaworek, J; Leja-Szpak, A; Nawrot-Porąbka, K; Szklarczyk, J; Tomaszewska, R; Zwirska-Korczala, K, )	0.47
"Treatment with melatonin and metformin and their combinations was followed by significantly lower tumor multiplicity and smaller size, longer latency period and survival of tumor-bearers."	( [Melatonin and metformin inhibit skin carcinogenesis induced by benz(a)pyrene in mice]. Anisimov, VN; Deriabina, ON; Plotnikova, NA, 2010)	1.61
"Co-treatment with melatonin and kahweol induced up-regulation of p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) while down-regulation of PUMA expression using small interfering RNAs attenuated melatonin plus kahweol-induced apoptosis."	( Melatonin sensitizes Caki renal cancer cells to kahweol-induced apoptosis through CHOP-mediated up-regulation of PUMA. Kwon, TK; Park, JW; Um, HJ, 2011)	2.14
"Treatment with melatonin demonstrated efficacy, suggesting that, at least in a subgroup of patients, the endogenous melatonin level may not be sufficient to adequately set the sleep-wake cycles."	( Mutation screening of ASMT, the last enzyme of the melatonin pathway, in a large sample of patients with intellectual disability. Botros, HG; Bourgeron, T; Briault, S; Chelly, J; de Brouwer, A; Delorme, R; Dumaine, A; Jamain, S; Kalscheuer, V; Lacombe, D; Laumonnier, F; Launay, JM; Leboyer, M; Moreno, S; Pagan, C; Poirier, K; Raynaud, M; Tzschach, A; van Bon, BW; Van Esch, H; Willemsen, MH, 2011)	0.96
"Treatment with melatonin (5 and 10 mg/kg, ip) significantly improved locomotor activity, weight loss and antianxiety effect as compared to control (sleep deprived)."	( Possible involvement of GABAergic mechanism in protective effect of melatonin against sleep deprivation-induced behavior modification and oxidative damage in mice. Kumar, A; Kumar, P; Singh, A, 2011)	0.94
"treatments. Melatonin caused the dystrophic muscle to contract and relax faster."	( Melatonin improves muscle function of the dystrophic mdx5Cv mouse, a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dorchies, OM; Hibaoui, Y; Patthey-Vuadens, O; Reutenauer-Patte, J; Ruegg, UT, 2011)	2.17
"Treatment with melatonin might result in a wide range of health benefits, including improved quality of life and reduced healthcare costs."	( Potential utility of melatonin as an antioxidant during pregnancy and in the perinatal period. Aversa, S; Barberi, I; Gitto, E; Pellegrino, S; Reiter, RJ, 2012)	1.04
"The treatment with melatonin significantly decreased clinical signs and prevented the reduction in IOP induced by LPS."	( Therapeutic benefit of melatonin in experimental feline uveitis. Aba, MA; Del Sole, MJ; Fernandez, DC; Rosenstein, RE; Sande, PH; Sarmiento, MI, 2012)	1.01
"Pre-treatment with melatonin (10 mg/kg) ameliorates harmful effects of 2 and 8 Gy irradiation by increasing lymphocyte count(LC) as well as antioxidant enzymes activity and decreasing NO levels at all time-points."	( Radio-protective effects of melatonin against irradiation-induced oxidative damage in rat peripheral blood. Ghazi-Khansari, M; Mihandoost, E; Mohseni, M; Rabie Mahdavi, S; Shirazi, A, 2013)	1
"Mice treated with melatonin displayed a significant reduction in proteinuria and a marked amelioration of glomerular lesions, with attenuated immunocomplex deposition."	( Melatonin enhances endogenous heme oxygenase-1 and represses immune responses to ameliorate experimental murine membranous nephropathy. Chu, P; Hsieh, HY; Lin, GJ; Lin, SH; Lu, KC; Sytwu, HK; Wu, CC, 2012)	2.15
"Cotreatment with melatonin (1mm) and TG (50nm) induced approximately 10-fold expression levels of CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins homologous protein (CHOP) compared with that of TG (50nm) alone."	( Melatonin enhances thapsigargin-induced apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-mediated upregulation of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein in human renal cancer cells. Kim, HS; Kwon, TK; Min, KJ; Park, EJ, 2012)	2.15
"Treatment with melatonin markedly increased the expressions of Nrf2-ARE pathway-related agents, such as Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, and glutathione S-transferase α-1."	( Melatonin activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway when it protects against early brain injury in a subarachnoid hemorrhage model. Chen, G; He, WC; Huo, L; Liu, HX; Ma, C; Meng, CJ; Shen, XM; Shu, Z; Sun, XB; Wang, Z; Zhang, J; Zhu, GQ, 2012)	2.16
"Treatment with melatonin markedly inhibited phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, p38 MAPK, IκB-α, and c/EBPβ, blocked binding of NF-κB and c/EBPβ to promoters, and suppressed p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity and p300 HAT-mediated NF-κB acetylation."	( Melatonin suppresses proinflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated CRL1999 cells via targeting MAPK, NF-κB, c/EBPβ, and p300 signaling. Chen, W; Deng, W; Fu, L; Huang, W; Liu, L; Shi, D; Wang, J; Xiao, X; Xie, F, 2012)	2.16
"Treatment with melatonin was able to decrease plasma insulin levels and to increase its pancreatic content in SAMP8 mice."	( Melatonin can improve insulin resistance and aging-induced pancreas alterations in senescence-accelerated prone male mice (SAMP8). Cuesta, S; García, C; Kireev, R; Rancan, L; Tresguerres, JA; Vara, E, 2013)	2.17
"Treatment with melatonin prevented the decrease of BF in rats with hepatectomy and normalized the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity."	( Role of melatonin in the oxidative damage prevention at different times of hepatic regeneration. Contini, Mdel C; González, MA; Mahieu, ST; Millen, N, 2012)	1.15
"Treatment with melatonin raised mean expression of anterior pituitary Per2, Cry1, and Cry2."	( Melatonin supplementation decreases prolactin synthesis and release in rat adenohypophysis: correlation with anterior pituitary redox state and circadian clock mechanisms. Barquilla, PC; Cardinali, DP; Esquifino, AI; Fernández-Mateos, P; Jiménez-Ortega, V; Pagano, ES, 2012)	2.16
"Treatment with melatonin decreased AVT immunoreactivity in both the NAcc and SCN in male H."	( Sexually dimorphic effects of melatonin on brain arginine vasotocin immunoreactivity in green treefrogs (Hyla cinerea). Lutterschmidt, DI; Wilczynski, W, 2012)	1.01
"Rats treated with melatonin demonstrated better structural preservation of the myelin sheaths compared to the nontreated group."	( Comparison of the beneficial effect of melatonin on recovery after cut and crush sciatic nerve injury: a combined study using functional, electrophysiological, biochemical, and electron microscopic analyses. Angelov, DN; Aslan, M; Demir, N; Derin, N; Kaya, Y; Kencebay, C; Sarıkcıoğlu, L; Yıldırım, FB, 2013)	0.98
"Pretreatment with melatonin had a dose-dependent protective effect on methotrexate (MTX)-induced alterations in small intestinal morphology. "	( Preclinical efficacy of melatonin to reduce methotrexate-induced oxidative stress and small intestinal damage in rats. Abraham, P; Isaac, B; Kasthuri, N; Kolli, VK, 2013)	1.03
"Treatment with melatonin decreased significantly elevated hepatic NF-κB activity and TNF-α, maintaining the levels close to the control values Melatonin suppressed the elevation of plasma AST and ALT activities (p less than 0.001), which remained significantly increased compared to controls."	( Melatonin protection against burn-induced hepatic injury by down-regulation of nuclear factor kappa B activation. Apostolova, M; Bekyarova, G; Kotzev, I, )	1.91
"Treatment with melatonin prevented premature aging and tumorigenesis in rodents."	( Light-at-night-induced circadian disruption, cancer and aging. Anisimov, VN; Panchenko, AV; Popovich, IG; Vinogradova, IA; Zabezhinski, MA, 2012)	0.72
"Pretreatment with melatonin further enhanced the expression of HO-1 and significantly reduced iNOS expression."	( Melatonin improves bladder symptoms and may ameliorate bladder damage via increasing HO-1 in rats. Guo, JX; Lu, GS; Song, B; Zhang, QH; Zhou, ZS, 2013)	2.16
"Treatment with melatonin significantly reduced hepatic damage, being oral administration more effective."	( [Effect of pretreatment with melatonin on the oxidative and inflammatory damage induced by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion in Zucker rats]. Hernández, JA, 2011)	1
"Treatment with melatonin counteracted the autophagy-inhibitory effects of bafilomycin A1, a potent inhibitor of autophagic flux, demonstrating that melatonin enhances activation of autophagy and increases degradation of TGFBIp."	( Melatonin induces autophagy via an mTOR-dependent pathway and enhances clearance of mutant-TGFBIp. Choi, SI; Jin, JY; Kim, EK; Kim, KS; Lee, GH; Oh, JY, 2013)	2.17
"Treatment with melatonin implants was without detrimental effect on cyclic functions in the following breeding season, after seasonal anoestrus."	( The effect of melatonin implants on the response to the male effect and on the subsequent cyclicity of Rasa Aragonesa ewes implanted in April. Abecia, JA; Forcada, F; Zúñiga, O, 2002)	1.01
"Pretreatment with melatonin dramatically improved survival rate of rats when compared with the I/R-only group."	( Protective effects of melatonin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo. Chen, HR; Hsiao, G; Lee, YM; Sheu, JR; Wang, JJ; Yen, MH, 2002)	0.95
"Pretreatment with melatonin (0.1 mm) induced the expression of Bcl-2 and suppressed the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, thereby arresting NO-induced apoptotic cell death."	( Melatonin suppresses NO-induced apoptosis via induction of Bcl-2 expression in PGT-beta immortalized pineal cells. Chung, JH; Hwang, GC; Jang, HY; Kim, CJ; Kim, JW; Kim, SA; Kim, SS; Lea, HZ; Lee, HJ; Leem, KH; Yim, SV; Yoo, YM, 2002)	2.08
"Treatment with melatonin (given with drinking water in a dose of 20 mg/liter in night hours) had no effect on the incidence of chromosome aberrations in SHR mice."	( Effect of epithalon on the incidence of chromosome aberrations in senescence-accelerated mice. Anisimov, VN; Khavinson, VKh; Mikheev, VS; Popovich, IG; Rosenfeld, SV; Togo, EF, 2002)	0.65
"Pretreatment with melatonin (200 ng/kg i.p."	( Melatonin alters behavior and cAMP levels in nucleus accumbens induced by cocaine treatment. Giorgetti, M; Zhdanova, IV, 2002)	2.08
"Treatment with melatonin slowed down age-related disturbances in estrous function most in the group exposed to interrupted treatment with the hormone."	( The effect of melatonin treatment regimen on mammary adenocarcinoma development in HER-2/neu transgenic mice. Alimova, IN; Anisimov, VN; Baturin, DA; Manton, KG; Popovich, IG; Semenchenko, AV; Yashin, AI; Zabezhinski, MA, 2003)	1.02
"Treatment with melatonin at 1.5, 5, or 50 mg/kg significantly reduced the brain NO concentration to 104.20 +/- 11.20% (n = 8), 55.67 +/- 5.58% (n = 11), and 104.86 +/- 12.56% (n = 9), respectively."	( Melatonin reduces nitric oxide level during ischemia but not blood-brain barrier breakdown during reperfusion in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model. Cheung, RT; Fung, PC; Pei, Z, 2003)	2.1
"Treatment with melatonin decreased lipid peroxides, and permitted a recovery of reduced glutathione, scavenger enzyme activity and parameters of renal function."	( Melatonin effect on renal oxidative stress under constant light exposure. del Carmen Muñoz, M; Feijoo, M; Montilla, P; Rafael Muñoz-Castañeda, J; Túnez, I; Valdelvira, ME, 2003)	2.1
"Treatment with melatonin did not affect the astrocytic cell death following 4 or 8 hr of OGD."	( Melatonin protects SHSY5Y neuronal cells but not cultured astrocytes from ischemia due to oxygen and glucose deprivation. Cheung, RT; Pei, Z, 2003)	2.1
"Treatment with melatonin changed them to near control values."	( Effects of melatonin on oxidative-antioxidative status of tissues in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Aksoy, N; Aksoy, S; Sabuncu, T; Vural, H, 2003)	1.05
"Pre-treatment with melatonin (100 mg/kg, i.p.) prevented the anti-immobility effect of MK-801, ketamine or zinc chloride, but did not alter the effect of imipramine."	( Melatonin exerts an antidepressant-like effect in the tail suspension test in mice: evidence for involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway. Calixto, JB; Mantovani, M; Pértile, R; Rodrigues, AL; Santos, AR, 2003)	2.08
"With treatment by melatonin at the doses of 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg(-1), CDMI in both models of rat colitis was significantly decreased (P<0.05-0.01), which accorded synchronously and unanimously with the reduced colonic NO and PGE(2) content, as well as the down-regulated expression of colonic iNOS and COX-2."	( Effects of melatonin on the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in rat models of colitis. Dong, WG; Mei, Q; Xiang, L; Xu, JM; Xu, Y; Yu, JP, 2003)	1.03
"Treatment with melatonin (40-160 mg/kg) significantly decreased nitrite content in PT cortex, ST and BS areas of epileptic rats, without changes in the other brain regions."	( Changes in brain amino acids and nitric oxide after melatonin administration in rats with pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Bikjdaouene, L; Escames, G; Ferrer, JM; Khaldy, H; León, J; Vives, F, 2003)	0.91
"Treatment with melatonin prevented in part these changes."	( Melatonin reduces body weight gain in Sprague Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity. Bros, A; Casteilla, L; Delagrange, P; Desbazeille, M; Louche, K; Pénicaud, L; Prunet-Marcassus, B; Renard, P, 2003)	2.1
"Treatment with melatonin resulted in an obvious reduction of GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes in hippocampus."	( Melatonin reduces glial reactivity in the hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Akdemir, I; Baydas, G; Nedzvetskii, VS; Reiter, RJ; Tuzcu, M; Yasar, A, 2003)	2.1
"Treatment with melatonin decreased lipid peroxide synthesis, and permitted a recovery of both reduced glutathione and scavenger enzyme activity."	( Effect of melatonin on cholestatic oxidative stress under constant light exposure. Briceño, J; Cruz, A; Granados, J; Montilla, P; Muñoz, MC; Padillo, FJ; Pera-Madrazo, C; Túnez, I, 2003)	1.06
"Treatment with melatonin (3 mg/kg/daily, i.p) was initiated 24 h prior to TAA."	( Melatonin inhibits nuclear factor kappa B activation and oxidative stress and protects against thioacetamide induced liver damage in rats. Aeed, H; Avinoach, I; Avni, Y; Bruck, R; Hochman, A; Matas, Z; Shahmurov, M; Shirin, H; Weizman, N; Zozulya, G, 2004)	2.11
"Co-treatment with melatonin, a known antioxidant secreted by the pineal gland, significantly prevented cell apoptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and caspase-3 activation, but it did not affect that the early changes due to MPP(+) treatment."	( Effect of melatonin on temporal changes of reactive oxygen species and glutathione after MPP(+) treatment in human astrocytoma U373MG cells. Chen, TH; Chuang, JI, 2004)	1.05
"Pre-treatment with melatonin at the 30th minute before KA injection resulted in a significant depletion in Bcl-2, Bax and Trx mRNA expressions."	( Altered gene expressions in rat hippocampus after kainate injection with or without melatonin pre-treatment. Kanit, L; Sozmen, EY; Yalcin, A, 2004)	0.87
"Pretreatment with melatonin prevented the increase by subsequently administered indomethacin in the renal activity of lipid peroxidation and acid phosphatase."	( Partial suppressive effect of melatonin on indomethacin-induced renal injury in rat. Badawy, ME; El-Missiry, MA; Goda, AA; Hemieda, FA, 2004)	0.94
"Treatment with melatonin (EC(50) 4.6 x 10(-7) M) or insulin+melatonin (EC(50) 1.68 x 10(-7) M, P<0.001) improved the contractile responses."	( Melatonin treatment protects against diabetes-induced functional and biochemical changes in rat aorta and corpus cavernosum. Ayanğolu-Dülger, G; Paskaloglu, K; Sener, G, 2004)	2.11
"Pretreatment with melatonin prevented the decrease in the content of glycosaminoglycans in rat skin during acute stress."	( Biochemical indexes of the skin and blood melatonin concentration in rats during acute stress and treatment with exogenous melatonin. Abramov, YV; Pertsov, SS; Rebrov, LB; Volodina, TV, 2004)	0.91
"Treatment with melatonin significantly reduced the infarct size by approximately 30-35%, independent of whether the indole was given prophylactically before or acutely after ischemia."	( Prophylactic use of melatonin protects against focal cerebral ischemia in mice: role of endothelin converting enzyme-1. Bassetti, CL; Hermann, DM; Kilic, E; Kilic, U; Reiter, RJ, 2004)	0.99
"Treatment with melatonin (0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg, p.o.) also decreased sleep latency, but the effect was weak; the only significant reduction was seen with the 0.3 mg/kg dose on latency to light sleep."	( Effects of ramelteon (TAK-375) on nocturnal sleep in freely moving monkeys. Kimura, H; Miyamoto, M; Nishikawa, H; Ohkawa, S; Yoshikubo, S; Yukuhiro, N, 2004)	0.66
"Pretreatment with melatonin before administering corticosterone treatments further suppressed courtship behavior of red-sided garter snakes."	( Effects of melatonin on the behavioral and hormonal responses of red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) to exogenous corticosterone. LeMaster, MP; Lutterschmidt, DI; Mason, RT, 2004)	1.04
"Treatment with melatonin (1 and 5 mg/kg, i.p) 15 min prior to each dose of U50 inhibited the development of tolerance, whereas a low dose of melatonin (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) did not."	( Melatonin inhibits the development of tolerance to U-50,488H analgesia via benzodiazepine-GABAAergic mechanisms. Dhanaraj, E; Nemmani, KV; Ramarao, P, 2004)	2.11
"Treatment with melatonin significantly increased the levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, nitrite/nitrate and LPO in joints."	( Dual effect of melatonin as proinflammatory and antioxidant in collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Fernández-Santos, JM; Guerrero, JM; Jiménez-Caliani, AJ; Jiménez-Jorge, S; Martín-Lacave, I; Molinero, P; Osuna, C, 2005)	1.02
"Treatment with melatonin and its derivatives 3 and 10b could reduce the markers of oxidative stress and restore the activity of the antioxidative enzymes in the heart tissue."	( Cardioprotective activity of melatonin and its novel synthesized derivatives on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Ahmed, HH; Doss, SH; Elmegeed, GA; Mannaa, F, 2005)	0.96
"Treatment with melatonin reduced these alterations significantly."	( Protective effect of low dose of melatonin against cholestatic oxidative stress after common bile duct ligation in rats. Emre, MH; Esrefoglu, M; Gül, M; Polat, A; Selimoglu, MA, 2005)	0.95
"Treatment with melatonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan, or ketanserin did not significantly influence corticosterone or androgen concentrations of northern-latitude red-sided garter snakes during the spring or fall."	( A serotonin receptor antagonist, but not melatonin, modulates hormonal responses to capture stress in two populations of garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis and Thamnophis sirtalis concinnus). Lutterschmidt, DI; Mason, RT, 2005)	0.93
"Treatment with melatonin 15 min after KA injection kept malondialdehyde levels and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities at the normal levels, and led to an increase in the levels of nitrite/nitrate."	( The effect of melatonin on lipid peroxidation and nitrite/nitrate levels, and on superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in kainic acid-induced injury. Akcay, YD; Sozmen, EY; Yalcin, A, 2005)	1.03
"Treatment with melatonin (5 mg, 2 h before bedtime) did not improve his condition."	( Working under daylight intensity lamp: an occupational risk for developing circadian rhythm sleep disorder? Dagan, Y; Doljansky, JT; Kannety, H, 2005)	0.67
"Co-treatment with melatonin restored phosphorylated Akt levels, increased Bcl-X(L) expression and reduced caspase-3 activity."	( Tissue-plasminogen activator-induced ischemic brain injury is reversed by melatonin: role of iNOS and Akt. Bassetti, CL; Hermann, DM; Kilic, E; Kilic, U; Reiter, RJ, 2005)	0.88
"Treatment with melatonin or coenzyme Q10 for 4 weeks reduced the lipofuscin content of the hippocampus and carbonyl level."	( Age-associated changes in protein oxidation and proteasome activities in rat brain: modulation by antioxidants. Abd El Mohsen, MM; Fahim, AT; Iravani, MM; Ismail, NA; Jenner, P; Motawi, TM; Rose, S; Spencer, JP, 2005)	0.67
"Cotreatment with melatonin exerted a profound protective effect antagonizing the neurotoxicity induced by quinolinic acid."	( Melatonin neutralizes neurotoxicity induced by quinolinic acid in brain tissue culture. Alvarez-García, O; Caballero, B; Coto-Montes, A; Poeggeler, B; Rodríguez-Colunga, MJ; Sierra-Sánchez, V; Tolivia, D; Tomás-Zapico, C; Vega-Naredo, I, 2005)	2.1
"Pretreatment with melatonin increases antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced formation of MDA, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, in histamine-induced OME."	( Effect of melatonin on lipid peroxidation, glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzyme activities in experimental otitis media with effusion in guinea pigs. Aktan, B; Elmastas, M; Emin Buyukokuroglu, M; Taysi, S; Ucuncu, H, 2005)	1.05
"Treatment with melatonin markedly inhibited poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and reduced DNA damage."	( Melatonin inhibits neural apoptosis induced by homocysteine in hippocampus of rats via inhibition of cytochrome c translocation and caspase-3 activation and by regulating pro- and anti-apoptotic protein levels. Akbulut, M; Baydas, G; Reiter, RJ; Tamer, S; Tuzcu, M, 2005)	2.11
"Treatment with melatonin improved the histological pattern in females and worsened it in males."	( Sex-dependent effect of melatonin on systemic erythematosus lupus developed in Mrl/Mpj-Faslpr mice: it ameliorates the disease course in females, whereas it exacerbates it in males. Fernandez-Santos, JM; Guerrero, JM; Jimenez-Caliani, AJ; Jimenez-Jorge, S; Martin-Lacave, I; Molinero, P; Osuna, C; Rubio, A, 2006)	0.98
"The treatment of melatonin reestablished the entrainment of activity at least with the timing of lights off, in most of the studied individuals."	( Air-breathing rhythm in Clarias batrachus (Linn.): modulatory role of eyes, pineal and exogenous melatonin. Sahu, S; Shedpure, M, 2006)	0.88
"Co-treatment with melatonin inhibited the elevation of lipid peroxidation and significantly increased GSH-Px activity in the brain regions studied."	( Melatonin prevents oxidative stress and inhibits reactive gliosis induced by hyperhomocysteinemia in rats. Baydas, G; Koz, ST; Ozer, M; Tuzcu, M; Yasar, A, 2006)	2.1
"Treatment with melatonin significantly attenuated the edematous response while both oxytocin and melatonin increased the pain threshold and improved functional parameters."	( Inhibition of Calotropis procera latex-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia by oxytocin and melatonin. Kumar, VL; Padhy, BM, 2005)	0.89
"Treatment with melatonin led to a dramatic rise in the urinary levels of aMT6s in both mouse strains."	( Mice convert melatonin to 6-sulphatoxymelatonin. English, J; Ioannides, C; Kopp, C; Middleton, B; Skene, DJ; Timbers, SE; Tobler, I, 2006)	1.04
"Treatment with melatonin and vitamin E significantly ameliorated learning and memory performance."	( Effect of melatonin and vitamin E on diabetes-induced learning and memory impairment in rats. Baydas, G; Tuzcu, M, 2006)	1.08
"Pretreatment with melatonin (20 mg/kg) 30 min before diquat administration resulted in a significant reduction in both tissue and plasma F2-isoprostanes levels, and plasma alanine aminotransferase activity."	( Inhibitory effect of melatonin on diquat-induced lipid peroxidation in vivo as assessed by the measurement of F2-isoprostanes. Cao, S; Min, F; Qi, W; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX; Wang, L; Wang, X; Wei, W; Xu, J; Zhang, L, 2006)	0.98
"Treatment with melatonin for 4 days before acute irradiation significantly abolished radiation-induced elevations in MDA and protein carbonyl levels in the liver and significantly maintained hepatic GSH content, GST, and CAT activities close to the control values."	( Ameliorative effect of melatonin against gamma-irradiation-induced oxidative stress and tissue injury. El-Missiry, MA; El-Sawy, MR; El-Sayed, AA; Fayed, TA, 2007)	0.99
"Treatment with melatonin significantly increased GSH levels compared to those in TNBS-treated rats."	( The effect of melatonin on TNBS-induced colitis. Barbaros, U; Giriş, M; Güloğlu, R; Gündüz, M; Necefli, A; Olgaç, V; Toker, G; Tulumoğlu, B, 2006)	1.03
"Pre-treatment melatonin levels in the two groups were similarly low: 4.8 pg/mL (95% CI, 2.4-7.5) for melatonin versus 2.4 (95% CI, 1.6-3.2) for placebo (P=0.13). "	( A double-blind placebo-controlled randomised pilot study of nocturnal melatonin in tracheostomised patients. Bates, S; Bellomo, R; Egi, M; Goldsmith, D; Hart, GK; Ibrahim, MG; Norman, TR, 2006)	0.93
"Treatment with melatonin (15 mg/kg daily i.p.) was associated with a remarkable amelioration of colonic disrupted architecture as well as a significant reduction of TNF-alpha."	( Melatonin modulates signal transduction pathways and apoptosis in experimental colitis. Crisafulli, C; Cuzzocrea, S; Di Bella, P; Esposito, E; Mazzon, E; Meli, R; Muià, C; Riccardi, L, 2006)	2.12
"Pretreatment with melatonin also reduced the number of Fos and nitric oxide synthase immunoreactive cells in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis."	( Melatonin inhibits cortical spreading depression-evoked trigeminal nociception. le Grand, SM; Patumraj, S; Phansuwan-Pujito, P; Srikiatkhachorn, A, 2006)	2.1
"Pretreatment with melatonin increased NO bioavailability and decreased endothelin expression, and consequently played a protective role in preserving both liver function and structure during ischemia and reperfusion injury."	( Melatonin abates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury by improving the balance between nitric oxide and endothelin. Li, JY; Zhang, WH; Zhou, Y, 2006)	2.11
"Pretreatment with melatonin (10 microM) blocked the effects of Pb on GSH content and caspase-3 activity, and showed significant improvement in reducing the level of PGE2."	( Melatonin protection against lead-induced changes in human neuroblastoma cell cultures. Chetty, CS; Dennis, AO; Heinz, J; Suresh, C; Vemuri, MC, )	1.9
"Pretreatment with melatonin reduced indomethacin-induced gastric damage and plasma MDA level."	( Protective effect of melatonin against multistress condition induced lipid peroxidation via measurement of gastric mucosal lesion and plasma malondialdehyde levels in rats. Ghazi-Khansari, M; Kiarostami, V; Samini, L, 2006)	0.98
"Pretreatment with melatonin (20 mg/kg) 30 min prior to the injection of diquat and thereafter at 4-hr intervals until the end of the observation period (24 hr), reduced the death rate to two of 22 (9.1%) mice."	( Melatonin reduces mortality and oxidatively mediated hepatic and renal damage due to diquat treatment. Fu, J; Manchester, LC; Qi, W; Reiter, RJ; Sun, S; Tan, DX; Wei, W; Xu, J, 2007)	2.11
"Pretreatment with melatonin lead to a significant reduction of the number of large ischemic lesions."	( Influence of melatonin pretreatment and preconditioning by hypobaric hypoxia on the development of cortical photothrombotic ischemic lesion. Bernášková, K; Krýsl, D; Mares, J; Matějovská, I, 2008)	1.04
"Treatment with melatonin significantly decreased the MDA level both in the serum and tumor tissue."	( Dose-dependent inhibitory effect of melatonin on carcinogenesis induced by benzo[a]pyrene in mice. Anisimov, VN; Plotnikova, NA; Semenchenko, AI; Vesnushkin, GM, 2006)	0.95
"Pre-treatment with melatonin (10(-4) M) showed no significant effect on the vasorelaxation by the nitric oxide donor; sodium nitroprusside (10(-7)-10(-5) M)."	( Chronic hypoxia inhibits the antihypertensive effect of melatonin on pulmonary artery. Ballard, HJ; Balonan, L; Das, R; Ho, S, 2008)	0.91
"Pretreatment with melatonin (10 mg/kg) decreased the MDA levels significantly, restored the PC levels to the control, prevented the increase of nitrite level and MPO activity significantly and reversed to the control levels, prevented the reduction in all of the antioxidant enzyme activities."	( Melatonin improves methanol intoxication-induced oxidative liver injury in rats. Baba, F; Fadillioglu, E; Iraz, M; Koksal, M; Kurcer, Z; Oğuz, E; Olmez, E, 2007)	2.11
"The treatment with melatonin seems to be suitable in combined therapy of functional dyspepsia."	( [The influence of melatonin on concentration of nitric oxide metabolites in gastric juice in subjects with functional dyspepsia]. Chojnacki, C; Felicka, E; Foryś, S; Harasiuk, A; Klupińska, G; Walecka-Kapica, E, 2007)	0.99
"Treatment with melatonin receptor antagonists at night dramatically improves memory."	( Melatonin suppresses nighttime memory formation in zebrafish. Cahill, GM; de Borsetti, NH; Rawashdeh, O; Roman, G, 2007)	2.12
"Treatment with melatonin led to significant decrease in oxidative injury."	( Levels of oxidative stress parameters and the protective effects of melatonin in psychosis model rat testis. Akbas, A; Ozyurt, B; Ozyurt, H; Parlaktas, BS; Tunc, AT, 2008)	0.92
"Treatment with melatonin significantly decreased the caspase-3 activity in colonic tissues compared to that in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid- treated rats (16.11 +/- 2.46 vs 32.97 +/- 3.91, P < 0.01)."	( Melatonin reduces bacterial translocation and apoptosis in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis of rats. Akcan, A; Akgun, H; Akyildiz, H; Aritas, Y; Esel, D; Kucuk, C; Muhtaroglu, S; Sozuer, E, 2008)	2.13
"Treatment with melatonin during pregnancy improved learning deficits and prevented the reduction of glial and neuronal markers induced by hyperhomocysteinemia."	( Melatonin prevents gestational hyperhomocysteinemia-associated alterations in neurobehavioral developments in rats. Baydas, G; Koz, ST; Nedzvetsky, VS; Tuzcu, M, 2008)	2.13
"Treatment with melatonin in SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice reduced the neurodegenerative changes with an increase of ROR-alpha1 levels without an apparent influence in the levels of MT-1 receptor."	( Favorable effects of a prolonged treatment with melatonin on the level of oxidative damage and neurodegeneration in senescence-accelerated mice. Caballero, B; Camins, A; Coto-Montes, A; De Gonzalo-Calvo, D; Gutierrez-Cuesta, J; Huidobro-Fernández, C; Pallas, M; Rodríguez-Colunga, MJ; Sierra, V; Soria-Valles, C; Tolivia, D; Vega-Naredo, I, 2008)	0.94
"PHZ-treated group. Melatonin altered PHZ-induced responses significantly to a greater degree than vitamin E as evidenced by LPO status, SOD activity, and ABTS radical cation scavenging activity of antioxidants."	( Comparative effect of melatonin and vitamin E on phenylhydrazine-induced toxicity in the spleen of Funambulus pennanti. Haldar, C; Sharma, S, 2009)	0.99
"A pretreatment with melatonin-free pineal extract under the above conditions caused a statistically significant decrease in the pituitary concentrations of DNA--by 21%, RNA--by 28%, proteins--by 19%, LH--by 25% and FSH--by 22%."	( Reduction of pituitary nucleic acids, proteins, LH and FSH by melatonin-free pineal extract in rats stimulated with gonadotropin releasing hormone. Bădescu, I; Damian, E; Ianăş, O, )	0.69
"Treatment with melatonin for 24 h reduced the total amount of specific [125I]iodomelatonin binding in PT cell membranes by 30-50%."	( Prolonged exposure to melatonin leads to time-dependent sensitization of adenylate cyclase and down-regulates melatonin receptors in pars tuberalis cells from ovine pituitary. Gonzalez-Brito, A; Hastings, MH; Hazlerigg, DG; Lawson, W; Morgan, PJ, 1993)	0.94
"Treatment with melatonin completely reversed this effect."	( Potent protective effect of melatonin on in vivo paraquat-induced oxidative damage in rats. Attia, AM; Burgos, A; Hara, M; Melchiorri, D; Nistico, G; Reiter, RJ, 1995)	0.92
"Treatment with melatonin alone did not alter basal P-CREB-ir levels, yet melatonin inhibited the forskolin-induced increase in P-CREB-ir in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 of between 10(-10) M and 10(-8) M melatonin when tested against 1 microM forskolin)."	( Melatonin regulates the phosphorylation of CREB in ovine pars tuberalis. Barrett, P; Hastings, MH; McNulty, S; Morgan, PJ; Ross, AW, 1994)	2.07
"Cotreatment with melatonin (500 microM) protected the neurons completely from the toxicity of kainate (up to 1 mM) and shifted the ED50 for glutamate from 55 +/- 2.6 to 97 +/- 3.6 microM."	( Melatonin protects primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons from kainate but not from N-methyl-D-aspartate excitotoxicity. Giusti, P; Gusella, M; Lipartiti, M; Manev, H; Milani, D; Vicini, S; Zhu, W, 1995)	2.06
"Pretreatment with melatonin prevented these effects."	( Tissue changes in glutathione metabolism and lipid peroxidation induced by swimming are partially prevented by melatonin. Abe, M; Hara, M; Reiter, RJ; Suzuki, T, 1996)	0.83
"Treatment with melatonin completely reversed the rises in lipid peroxidation products."	( Melatonin is protective against MPTP-induced striatal and hippocampal lesions. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Coto-Montes, A; Gaia Monti, M; Ortiz, GG; Reiter, RJ, 1997)	2.08
"Treatment with melatonin prior to exposure to H2O2 significantly restored the relaxation induced by A23187 (P < 0.005)."	( Melatonin inhibits vasospastic action of hydrogen peroxide in human umbilical artery. Hayashi, K; Okatani, Y; Sagara, Y; Wakatsuki, A; Watanabe, K, 1997)	2.08
"The treatment with melatonin also caused a dynamic effect on FSH secretion, but this occurred in the control rams only."	( Refractoriness to a static melatonin signal develops in the pituitary gland for the control of prolactin secretion in the ram. Clarke, IJ; Lincoln, GA, 1997)	0.91
"treatment with melatonin (2, 4 and 6 mg/kg), whereas they were still present when melatonin was injected in combination with the melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg, i.p.)."	( Melatonin effects on inhibition of thirst and fever induced by lipopolysaccharide in rat. Calapai, G; Caputi, AP; Cuzzocrea, S; De Sarro, A; Facciolà, G; Giuliani, G; Nava, F, 1997)	2.08
"Treatment with melatonin was also followed by a decrease in the multiplicity of DMH-induced tumors of the duodenum (group 2 vs group 1, P < 0.05) and by a decrease in the incidence of jejunum and ileum tumors (group 2 vs group 1, P < 0.05)."	( Melatonin and colon carcinogenesis: I. Inhibitory effect of melatonin on development of intestinal tumors induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats. Anisimov, VN; Popovich, IG; Zabezhinski, MA, 1997)	2.08
"Pretreatment melatonin levels in IGD were greater than those in age-matched pubertal controls while in KS, melatonin levels were lower than values in controls."	( Abnormal melatonin secretion in hypogonadal men: the effect of testosterone treatment. Herer, P; Lavi, S; Lavie, P; Luboshitzky, R; Wagner, O, 1997)	1.07
"Pretreatment with melatonin suppressed or delayed the development of FeCl3-induced epileptic discharges and decreased the concentration of TBARS in brain tissues."	( Melatonin inhibits iron-induced epileptic discharges in rats by suppressing peroxidation. Kabuto, H; Ogawa, N; Yokoi, I, 1998)	2.07
"Treatment with melatonin (125 microg/paw) reduced the appearance of nitrotyrosine in the tissues."	( Protective effects of melatonin in zymosan-activated plasma-induced paw inflammation. Caputi, AP; Costantino, G; Cuzzocrea, S; Mazzon, E, 1998)	0.95
"The treatment with melatonin induced a rapid increase in the blood concentrations of FSH and testosterone, rapid growth of the testes, an increase in the frequency of LH pulses, and a decrease in the LH response to N-methyl-D,L-aspartic acid."	( Prolactin replacement fails to inhibit reactivation of gonadotropin secretion in rams treated with melatonin under long days. Lincoln, GA; Tortonese, DJ, 1999)	0.84
"Pretreatment with melatonin in drinking water did not affect the magnitude of the GH response to subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) that considerably stimulated GH secretion."	( Role of melatonin in the control of growth and growth hormone secretion in poultry. Buyse, J; Decuypere, E; Herichová, I; Lamosová, D; Zeman, M, 1999)	1.06
"Pretreatment with melatonin (10 or 50 mg/kg body wt) 30 min before each cerulein injection resulted in a significant reduction in pancreatic edema and the levels of lipid peroxidation."	( Melatonin reduces lipid peroxidation and tissue edema in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. Cabrera, J; Kim, SJ; Manchester, LC; Mayo, JC; Qi, W; Reiter, RJ; Sainz, RM; Tan, DX, 1999)	2.07
"Pretreatment with melatonin (25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg) 30 min before the Fe-NTA injection resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of lipid peroxidation and 8-OH-dG induced by Fe-NTA in the rat kidney."	( Inhibitory effects of melatonin on ferric nitrilotriacetate-induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage in the rat kidney. Garcia, JJ; Kim, SJ; Manchester, LC; Qi, W; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 1999)	0.94
"Pretreatment with melatonin significantly increased NO2 production that had been decreased by H2O2 in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.01)."	( Melatonin protects against the free radical-induced impairment of nitric oxide production in the human umbilical artery. Okatani, Y; Wakatsuki, A, 2000)	2.07
"Pretreatment melatonin production was markedly increased in both patients: 427-915 ng/kg/24 h vs."	( Melatonin hypersecretion in male patients with adult-onset idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Ishai, A; Lavie, P; Luboshitzky, R; Shen-Orr, Z, 2000)	2.1
"Co-treatment with melatonin completely counteracted the effects of ALA."	( Melatonin reduces the oxidation of nuclear DNA and membrane lipids induced by the carcinogen delta-aminolevulinic acid. Karbownik, M; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2000)	2.07
"Treatment with melatonin prior to LPC exposure significantly restored the relaxation induced by 5-HT."	( Attenuation by melatonin of human umbilical arterial vasoconstriction induced by lysophosphatidylcholine. Fukaya, T; Okatani, Y; Wakatsuki, A; Watanabe, K, 2000)	1
"Co-treatment with melatonin completely counteracted the effects of ALA."	( Renal toxicity of the carcinogen delta-aminolevulinic acid: antioxidant effects of melatonin. Karbownik, M; Manchester, LC; Reiter, RJ; Tan, D, 2000)	0.86
"Treatment with melatonin (15 mg/kg daily, intraperitoneally) significantly reduced the appearance of diarrhea and the loss of body weight."	( Melatonin reduces dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis. Caputi, AP; Ciccolo, A; Cuzzocrea, S; Lepore, V; Mazzon, E; Serraino, I; Terranova, ML, 2001)	2.09
"Pretreatment with melatonin significantly increased the activity of GSH-Px (20.35 +/- 5.27 to 28.93 +/- 11.01 mU/min mg(-1) protein, P < 0.05) in fetal rat brain mitochondria, but the activity of SOD did not change significantly."	( Melatonin protects fetal rat brain against oxidative mitochondrial damage. Fukaya, T; Ikenoue, N; Kaneda, C; Okatani, Y; Shinohara, K; Wakatsuki, A, 2001)	2.08
"Pretreatment with melatonin partly prevented the pindolol-induced suppression of REMS."	( Evidence of melatonin involvement in pindolol-induced suppression of REM sleep. Jantos, H; Monti, D; Monti, JM, 2001)	1.01
"Treatment with melatonin significantly increased the serum total antioxidative activity and reduced the serum malondialdehyde concentration."	( Protective effect of melatonin on renal injury of rats induced by bile duct ligation. Chen, CY; Chen, FF; Lin, XZ; Shiesh, SC; Tsao, HC, 2001)	0.97
"Treatment with melatonin and vitamins E plus C significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the CE-induced increase of TBARS, and overcame the inhibitory effect of CE on SOD and CAT, but not on AOP."	( In vivo changes in antioxidant systems and protective role of melatonin and a combination of vitamin C and vitamin E on oxidative damage in erythrocytes induced by chlorpyrifos-ethyl in rats. Delibas, N; Gultekin, F; Kilinc, I; Yasar, S, 2001)	0.89
"Treatment with melatonin, however, induced hyperglycemia in both NP and LP bird groups, but hypoglycemia in SP birds."	( Influence of photoperiods on glycemic and adrenal catecholaminergic responses to melatonin administrations in adult male roseringed parakeets, Psittacula krameri Neumann. Bhattacharya, S; Dey, M; Dey, R; Maitra, SK; Sengupta, A, 2000)	0.87
"Treatment with melatonin decreased the renal lipid peroxidation, and both the reduced glutathione as well as the scavenger enzyme activity recovered."	( Melatonin protects against renal oxidative stress after obstructive jaundice in rats. Cruz, A; Granados, J; Montilla, P; Muñoz, C; Padillo, FJ; Pera-Madrazo, C; Túnez, I, 2001)	2.09
"treatment with melatonin (4 and 6 mg/kg)."	( Melatonin reduces anxiety induced by lipopolysaccharide in the rat. Carta, G; Nava, F, 2001)	2.09
"Treatment with melatonin has been shown to prevent in vivo the delayed vascular decompensation and the cellular energetic failure associated with shock, inflammation and ischemia/reperfusion injury."	( Pharmacological action of melatonin in shock, inflammation and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cuzzocrea, S; Reiter, RJ, 2001)	0.95
"Pre-treatment with melatonin significantly increased NO(2)(-) production that had been decreased by oxidized LDL (P<0.05)."	( Melatonin protects against oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced inhibition of nitric oxide production in human umbilical artery. Fukaya, T; Ikenoue, N; Okatani, Y; Shinohara, K; Wakatsuki, A; Watanabe, K, 2001)	2.07
"Treatment with melatonin (10 pM-100 nM) significantly increased LH receptor mRNA levels without altering the expression of the FSH receptor gene."	( Direct action of melatonin in human granulosa-luteal cells. Kang, SK; Leung, PC; Nathwani, PS; Pang, SF; Tai, CJ; Woo, MM, 2001)	0.99
"Treatment with melatonin (10(-10)-10(-6) M) prior to the addition of LPS, had no effect on IL-1beta or TNF-alpha release."	( Assessment of melatonin's ability to regulate cytokine production by macrophage and microglia cell types. McNulty, JA; Shafer, LL; Young, MR, 2001)	1.01
"Pretreatment with melatonin (1 mmol/l) for one hour prevented the release of LDH and restored Delta(psi)(m)."	( Melatonin protection against lethal myocyte injury induced by doxorubicin as reflected by effects on mitochondrial membrane potential. Ashraf, M; Xu, M, 2002)	2.08
"Treatment with melatonin before ischemia-reperfusion almost completely reversed smooth muscle responses and prevented the increased myeloperoxidase activity and lipid peroxidation of corporeal tissues."	( The effects of melatonin on ischemia-reperfusion induced changes in rat corpus cavernosum. Alican, I; Dülger, GA; Paskaloğlu, K; Sehirli, AO; Sener, G, 2002)	1.01
"Treatment with melatonin markedly reduced the STZ-induced effects on plasma sialic acid and TBARS and was associated with restoration of hyperglycemia to control blood glucose levels."	( Melatonin administration affects plasma total sialic acid and lipid peroxidation levels in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Görgün, FM; Gümüştaş, MK; Kökogu, E; Oztürk, Z, 2002)	2.1
"Treatment with melatonin resulted in inhibition of hypothalamic serotonin accumulation but it did not modify the uptake of norepinephrine, dopamine or glutamate."	( Changes in hypothalamic neurotransmitter uptake following pinealectomy, superior cervical ganglionectomy or melatonin administration to rats. Cardinali, DP, 1975)	0.81
"Pretreatment with melatonin (100 microgram/kg) did not alter the testicular response to human chorionic gonadotrophin (20 i.u./kg body wt) given i.v."	( Inhibition by melatonin of the pituitary response to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in vivo. Mieno, M; Shimizu, T; Yamashita, E; Yamashita, K, 1978)	0.94
"Treatment with melatonin increased serum prolactin in control but not in ganglionectomized rats."	( Failure of melatonin to increase serum prolactin levels in ovariectomized rats subjected to superior cervical ganglionectomy or pinelaectomy. Cardinali, DP; Faigón, MR; Moguilevsky, J; Scacchi, P, 1979)	0.99
"Treatment with melatonin increased the incidence of heifers pubertal by the second observation date (P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"	( Effects of melatonin treatment on the attainment of puberty in heifers. Inskeep, EK; Tortonese, DJ, 1992)	1.01
"Pretreatment with melatonin (10(-3) M) or M&B 22.948 (10(-3) M) potentiated the relaxing effect of nitroglycerin (10(-9)-10(-5) M) on the contraction induced by PGF2 alpha (4 x 10(-6) M)."	( The mode of vasorelaxing action of melatonin in rabbit aorta. Oe, H; Satake, N; Sawada, T; Shibata, S, 1991)	0.88
"Rats treated with melatonin for 15 or 20 days presented at the end of the juvenile period, abnormal progression of spermatogenesis and decreased ability of their Leydig cells to produce testosterone both in vivo and in vitro."	( Testicular function of sexually immature rats chronically treated with melatonin. Bustos-Obregón, E; Núñez, SM; Olivares, AN; Valladares, LE, 1989)	0.83
"Treatment with melatonin did not modify basal LH hormone levels or LH responses to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) in sham-operated rats of either sex."	( Possible prolactin-mediated effects of melatonin on gonadotropin secretion in the rat. Agrasal, C; Esquifino, AI; Tresguerres, JA; Villanúa, MA, 1989)	0.89
"Ewes treated with melatonin (N = 10) had puberty onset delayed by 4 weeks (P less than 0.03) but no effect of melatonin on LH or FSH response to LHRH injection was observed at any stage of development."	( Pituitary response to LHRH, LH pulsatility and plasma melatonin and prolactin changes in ewe lambs treated with melatonin implants to delay puberty. Gilmore, TA; Kennaway, DJ; Peek, JC; Royles, P, 1986)	0.84

Toxicity

Melatonin, being a potent free radical scavenger may reduce arsenic-induced free radical production, and thereby, eliminating its toxic effects. Both melatonin and resveratrol, as found in red wine, protect the heart in an experimental model of myocardial infarction via the SAFE pathway.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Paraquat at a dose of 79 mg/kg was lethal for 50% of animals within 24 hr; when administered together with melatonin, the LD50 for paraquat increased to 251 mg/kg."	( Paraquat toxicity and oxidative damage. Reduction by melatonin. Chen, L; Hara, M; Melchiorri, D; Nisticò, G; Reiter, RJ; Sewerynek, E, 1996)	0.76
" These results indicate that melatonin protects cells from Cr(VI)-induced DNA strand breaks, cytotoxicity, and lipid peroxidation, possibly through its ability to increase cellular levels of vitamins E and C as well as catalase activity and/or to directly scavenge toxic hydroxyl radicals in cells."	( Potent protective effect of melatonin on chromium(VI)-induced DNA single-strand breaks, cytotoxicity, and lipid peroxidation in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Furukawa, Y; Sugiyama, M; Susa, N; Ueda, J; Ueno, S, 1997)	0.88
" Al and A beta 25-35 caused lipid peroxidation in the presence of the iron (II) ion (Pe2+), Al being more toxic than A beta 25-35."	( A new model for the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Aluminium toxicity is exacerbated by hydrogen peroxide and attenuated by an amyloid protein fragment and melatonin. Daniels, WM; Emsley, RA; Potocnik, FC; Taljaard, JJ; van Rensburg, SJ; van Zyl, JM, 1997)	0.49
" However, in normal healthy adults over 18 years old, not pregnant or lactating, with no personal or family histories of psychiatric disorder, and unmedicated except for oral contraceptives and minor analgesics (if necessary), the only significant short-term side effect in the author's experience has been sleepiness following oral ingestion of synthetic melatonin (5 mg or less, oral fast release), licensed for human experimental use and for prescription on a named-patient basis."	( Safety of melatonin in long-term use (?) Arendt, J, 1997)	0.87
" There is little information on the potential adverse effects of melatonin ingestion in humans."	( Reproductive safety of melatonin: a "wonder drug" to wonder about. Weaver, DR, 1997)	0.85
" These toxic effects are thought to be due to oxidative stress."	( Melatonin attenuates methamphetamine-induced toxic effects on dopamine and serotonin terminals in mouse brain. Asanuma, M; Cadet, JL; Hirata, H, 1998)	1.74
" The administration of melatonin alone did not cause any antitumor or evident toxic effect."	( Melatonin decreases bone marrow and lymphatic toxicity of adriamycin in mice bearing TLX5 lymphoma. Comelli, M; Giraldi, T; Mavelli, I; Perissin, L; Rapozzi, V; Zorzet, S, 1998)	2.05
" Since melatonin, the main secretory product of the pineal gland, has been shown to protect against a number of toxic agents, it was given 30 min before 2-NP to test its protective effect against 2-NP toxicity."	( 2-Nitropropane-induced lipid peroxidation: antitoxic effects of melatonin. El-Sokkary, GH; Kim, SJ; Qi, W; Reiter, RJ; Rouvier Garay, MV; Tan, DX, 1998)	0.99
" The results obtained warrant the further search for the novel types of safe neuroprotectors among the synthetic NAS/melatonin derivatives."	( N-acetylserotonin, melatonin and their derivatives improve cognition and protect against beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. Afanasiev, A; Bachurin, S; Beznosko, B; Lermontova, N; Mukhina, T; Oxenkrug, G; Serkova, T; Shevtzova, E; Vankin, G, 1999)	0.84
" This is mainly due to MLT safety and its lack of serious adverse reactions."	( [Safety in melatonin use]. de La Varga, M; Henry, M; Morera, AL, )	0.52
" The intersection of the key word melatonin with the group of words adverse effects or side effects or adverse reactions or toxicity was the strategy of the search."	( [Safety in melatonin use]. de La Varga, M; Henry, M; Morera, AL, )	0.8
"307 articles were elicited and 9 were related to MLT adverse effects."	( [Safety in melatonin use]. de La Varga, M; Henry, M; Morera, AL, )	0.52
" However, there are serious toxic effects on the cardiovascular system, which limits the application of the drug."	( Melatonin protects against cardiac toxicity of doxorubicin in rat. Ho, S; Qian, ZM; Tang, PL; Xu, MF, 2001)	1.75
" These results suggest that CE increases lipid peroxidation and decreases AOP by increasing oxidative stress, and that high doses of melatonin and a combination of vitamin E plus vitamin C considerably reduce the toxic effect of CE on kidney tissue of rats."	( Nephrotoxicity in rats induced by chlorpryfos-ethyl and ameliorating effects of antioxidants. Altuntas, I; Delibas, N; Gultekin, F; Karaöz, E; Oncu, M, 2002)	0.52
"Paraquat, a quarternary nitrogen herbicide, is a highly toxic compound for humans and animals and many cases of acute poisoning and death have been reported over the past few decades."	( Role of antioxidants in paraquat toxicity. Suntres, ZE, 2002)	0.31
" In addition to lens opacification (cataracts) and histological changes associated with pneumotoxicity, other biomarkers of toxic effects include glutathione depletion, lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and the production of the active oxygen species as superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical."	( Naphthalene toxicity and antioxidant nutrients. Bagchi, D; Ohia, S; Stohs, SJ, 2002)	0.31
" It has been reported that the toxic effects of AA are the result of oxidative reactions that take place during its metabolism."	( Protective effects of melatonin, vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine against acetaminophen toxicity in mice: a comparative study. Ayanoğlu-Dülger, G; Sehirli, AO; Sener, G, 2003)	0.63
" The incidence of all adverse events, the severity of the event or the event's relationship to treatment did not increase with higher doses of beta-methyl-6-chloromelatonin."	( A single blind, placebo controlled, across groups dose escalation study of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the melatonin analog beta-methyl-6-chloromelatonin. Goldwater, DR; Mulchahey, JJ; Zemlan, FP, 2004)	0.72
" The cardiotoxic side effect of doxorubicin used as a chemotherapeutic agent and was probably developed as a result of suppression of the antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation."	( Effect of melatonin on the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin. Balli, E; Kaya, M; Mete, UO; Tap, O; Tuli, A, 2004)	0.73
"Daily treatment of outbred albino mice with gammafos in radioprotective doses of 300 and 500 mg/kg for 4 days produced a cumulative toxic effect."	( Effect of melatonin, ascorbic acid, and succinic acid on the cumulative toxic effect of repeated treatment with gammafos (amifostine). Komarova, SN; Kovtun, VY; Semenova, LA; Ushakov, IB; Vasin, MV, 2004)	0.73
" CCl(4) exerts its toxic effects by generation of free radicals; it was intragastrically administered to male Wistar rats (4 g kg(-1) body weight) at 20 h before the animals were decapitated."	( Protective effects of melatonin against carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in rats. Belonovskaya, EB; Bryszewska, M; Kravchuk, RI; Lapshina, EA; Martinchik, DI; Reiter, RJ; Zavodnik, IB; Zavodnik, LB, )	0.45
" The most pronounced adverse effect of OTA is hepatonephrotoxicity."	( Protective role of melatonin in ochratoxin a toxicity in rat heart and lung. Aydin, G; Okutan, H; Ozcelik, N, )	0.46
" Melatonin, being a potent free radical scavenger may reduce arsenic-induced free radical production, and thereby, eliminating its toxic effects."	( Prospective protective role of melatonin against arsenic-induced metabolic toxicity in Wistar rats. Chatterjee, AK; Pal, S, 2005)	1.52
" Adverse events were mild to moderate in severity and did not differ in frequency between beta-methyl-6-chloromelatonin and placebo treatments."	( The efficacy and safety of the melatonin agonist beta-methyl-6-chloromelatonin in primary insomnia: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial. Lankford, A; Mayleben, DW; Mulchahey, JJ; Rosenberg, R; Scharf, MB; Zemlan, FP, 2005)	0.83
" There were no differences in the number or type of adverse events between any active treatment and placebo group."	( An efficacy, safety, and dose-response study of Ramelteon in patients with chronic primary insomnia. Erman, M; Sainati, S; Seiden, D; Zammit, G; Zhang, J, 2006)	0.33
" We decided to evaluate the tissue-protective effect of melatonin against myocardial toxic effects of doxorubicin in six groups of rats."	( Prevention of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by melatonin. Düzgün, E; Erbaş, D; Oz, E; Sürücü, HS, 2006)	0.83
" There was no evidence of adverse effects of melatonin."	( The efficacy and safety of exogenous melatonin for primary sleep disorders. A meta-analysis. Baker, G; Buscemi, N; Hartling, L; Hooton, N; Klassen, TP; Pandya, R; Tjosvold, L; Vandermeer, B; Vohra, S, 2005)	0.86
" There is evidence to suggest that melatonin is safe with short-term use (3 months or less)."	( The efficacy and safety of exogenous melatonin for primary sleep disorders. A meta-analysis. Baker, G; Buscemi, N; Hartling, L; Hooton, N; Klassen, TP; Pandya, R; Tjosvold, L; Vandermeer, B; Vohra, S, 2005)	0.88
" 17 randomised controlled trials with 651 participants showed no evidence of adverse effects of melatonin with short term use (three months or less)."	( Efficacy and safety of exogenous melatonin for secondary sleep disorders and sleep disorders accompanying sleep restriction: meta-analysis. Baker, G; Buscemi, N; Hartling, L; Hooton, N; Klassen, TP; Pandya, R; Tjosvold, L; Vandermeer, B; Vohra, S, 2006)	0.83
" There is evidence that melatonin is safe with short term use."	( Efficacy and safety of exogenous melatonin for secondary sleep disorders and sleep disorders accompanying sleep restriction: meta-analysis. Baker, G; Buscemi, N; Hartling, L; Hooton, N; Klassen, TP; Pandya, R; Tjosvold, L; Vandermeer, B; Vohra, S, 2006)	0.92
" Application of these drugs in chemotherapy is limited because of their toxic effects."	( Effects of melatonin in reducing the toxic effects of doxorubicin. Ilhan, MN; Oz, E, 2006)	0.72
" Thus, melatonin and atenolol appear to have some adverse effects in CO intoxication on the myocardial cells."	( Effect of melatonin and atenolol on carbon monoxide cardiotoxicity: an experimental study in rats. Celbiş, O; Mizrak, B; Olmez, E; Parlakpinar, H, 2006)	1.19
" Melatonin may be an effective and safe therapy for CS when other treatments fail or cause side effects."	( Melatonin is a safe and effective treatment for chronic pulmonary and extrapulmonary sarcoidosis. Becucci, A; Benvenuti, C; Carossino, AM; Conforti, ML; Fiori, G; Generini, S; Gramigna, L; Livi, R; Matucci-Cerinic, M; Perfetto, F; Pignone, AM; Rosso, AD; Tempestini, A, 2006)	2.69
" Theophylline, a re-emerging drug for the treatment of obstructive airway disease, has a narrow therapeutic index which precludes its safe use."	( Free radicals and theophylline neurotoxicity : an experimental study. Gulati, K; Ray, A; Vijayan, VK, 2007)	0.34
" Melatonin administration partially restored these adverse effects."	( Melatonin reduces uranium-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Bellés, M; Domingo, JL; Linares, V; Luisa Albina, M; Sánchez, DJ; Sirvent, J, 2007)	2.69
", no HII exposure) to pigmented male rats may have a toxic effect on retinal cells."	( Influence of dietary melatonin on photoreceptor survival in the rat retina: an ocular toxicity study. Chignell, CF; Roberts, JE; Wiechmann, AF, 2008)	0.66
" Treatment of patients undergoing major aortic surgery with melatonin intravenously up to 60 mg in the intraoperative phase was safe and without complications."	( Utility of melatonin to treat surgical stress after major vascular surgery--a safety study. Gögenur, I; Kücükakin, B; Lykkesfeldt, J; Nielsen, HJ; Reiter, RJ; Rosenberg, J, 2008)	0.98
" The response of the receptors to inhibitors of polyglutamine toxicity is altered by the amino acid exchanges suggesting that careful consideration is needed in the choice of potential therapies of disorders involving toxic polyQ species."	( Specific N-terminal mutations in the human androgen receptor induce cytotoxicity. Cato, AC; Funderburk, SF; Mink, S; Shatkina, L; Weg-Remers, S; Weis, Q, 2009)	0.35
" The animals were given intraperitoneally a toxic dose of 19 mg/kg PQ dissolved in 1 ml saline."	( Establishing the use of melatonin as an adjuvant therapeutic against paraquat-induced lung toxicity in rats. Göcgeldi, E; Hasde, M; Korkmaz, A; Kurt, B; Ogur, R; Oter, S; Reiter, RJ; Topal, T; Uysal, B, 2008)	0.65
"There were no noteworthy changes in vital signs, physical examinations, clinical chemistry, hematology, or urinalysis values and no electrocardiogram changes to suggest adverse cardiac effects."	( Safety and subjective sleep effects of ramelteon administration in adults and older adults with chronic primary insomnia: a 1-year, open-label study. Richardson, GS; Wang-Weigand, S; Zammit, G; Zhang, J, 2009)	0.35
" In contrast to traditional sedative hypnotics, Circadin has shown no evidence of impairing cognitive and psychomotor skills, of rebound, dependence or abuse potential and no significant adverse events compared to placebo."	( [Controlled release melatonin (Circadin) in the treatment of insomnia in older patients: efficacy and safety in patients with history of use and non-use of hypnotic drugs]. Zisapel, N, 2009)	0.68
"Organophosphate compounds are very toxic chemicals and used in widespread applications."	( Tissue trace and major element levels in organophosphate insecticide fenthion (Lebaycid) toxicity in rats: prophylactic and therapeutic effect of exogenous melatonin. Aslan, A; Aymelek, F; Büyükben, A; Cemek, M; Emin Büyükokuroğlu, M; Yavuz, Y; Yürümez, Y, 2010)	0.56
" Agomelatine is probably hepatotoxic; (8) In summary, agomelatine has unproven efficacy and poorly documented adverse effects."	( Agomelatine: new drug. Adverse effects and no proven efficacy. , 2009)	0.35
" Our results suggested that melatonin may have great pharmacological potential in protecting against the adverse effects of nickel in the nervous system."	( Melatonin protects against Nickel-induced neurotoxicity in vitro by reducing oxidative stress and maintaining mitochondrial function. He, MD; Wang, Y; Xu, SC; Yang, J; Yang, L; Yu, ZP; Zhang, YW; Zhong, M; Zhou, Z, 2010)	2.1
" An understanding of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemicals can make a significant contribution to the identification of potential toxic effects early in the drug development process and aid in avoiding such problems."	( Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity. Fisk, L; Greene, N; Naven, RT; Note, RR; Patel, ML; Pelletier, DJ, 2010)	0.36
" Main outcome measures were sleep latency derived from a sleep diary, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Quality of Life (World Health Organzaton-5) Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) and adverse effects and vital signs recorded at each visit."	( Nightly treatment of primary insomnia with prolonged release melatonin for 6 months: a randomized placebo controlled trial on age and endogenous melatonin as predictors of efficacy and safety. Crawford, G; Ford, I; Laudon, M; McConnachie, A; Nir, T; Wade, AG; Zisapel, N, 2010)	0.6
" Most adverse events were mild in severity with no clinically relevant differences between PRM and placebo for any safety outcome."	( Nightly treatment of primary insomnia with prolonged release melatonin for 6 months: a randomized placebo controlled trial on age and endogenous melatonin as predictors of efficacy and safety. Crawford, G; Ford, I; Laudon, M; McConnachie, A; Nir, T; Wade, AG; Zisapel, N, 2010)	0.6
" Cardiotoxicity is a major side effect of these drugs and limit their use."	( Efficacy of melatonin, mercaptoethylguanidine and 1400W in doxorubicin- and trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity. Acikel, C; Arpaci, F; Ataergin, S; Demirbas, S; Ersoz, N; Korkmaz, A; Kurt, B; Kurt, YG; Kuzhan, O; Oter, S; Ozet, A; Ozler, M; Oztas, Y; Ozturk, B; Ozturk, M; Topal, T; Uysal, B; Yasar, M, 2011)	0.75
" Our data demonstrate that both melatonin and resveratrol, as found in red wine, protect the heart in an experimental model of myocardial infarction via the SAFE pathway."	( Is red wine a SAFE sip away from cardioprotection? Mechanisms involved in resveratrol- and melatonin-induced cardioprotection. Lacerda, L; Lamont, KT; Lecour, S; Opie, LH; Somers, S, 2011)	0.87
" Such monomers have displayed toxic properties in many in vivo and in vitro studies, including cytotoxicity and genotoxicity and a considerable portion of these effects is underlined by the oxidative action of these compounds."	( Perspectives on the use of melatonin to reduce cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of methacrylate-based dental materials. Blasiak, J; Drzewoski, J; Kasznicki, J; Pawlowska, E; Reiter, RJ; Szczepanska, J, 2011)	0.67
" There was no serious adverse event in patients after melatonin treatment."	( The use of high-dose melatonin in liver resection is safe: first clinical experience. Bruns, H; Büchler, MW; Cekauskas, A; Gotthardt, DN; Hinz, U; Manikas, M; Mikalauskas, S; Mikalauskene, L; Nickkholgh, A; Pelzl, le H; Schemmer, P; Schneider, H; Sobirey, M; Venetz, WP; Weigand, MA; Zorn, M, 2011)	0.94
" The TLVs of chemicals may be changed during work shift schedules to minimize adverse health effects among workers."	( Chronotoxicity as related to chronobiology. Afzal, M; Dhami, MF; Dhami, MS; Menon, M; Parke, DV, 1997)	0.3
"Colistin-induced nephrotoxicity is a dose-limiting adverse effect when colistin is used against Gram-negative pathogens."	( Melatonin attenuates colistin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Chen, G; Hill, PA; Li, J; Nation, RL; Yousef, JM, 2011)	1.81
" It has endocrine-disrupting potential and exerts both toxic and estrogenic effects on mammalian cells."	( Melatonin ameliorates bisphenol A-induced biochemical toxicity in testicular mitochondria of mouse. Ahmad, F; Anjum, S; Ansari, RA; Kaur, M; Rahman, S; Raisuddin, S; Rashid, H, 2011)	1.81
" These data suggest a mechanism of action for Mel, inhibition of assembly of toxic polymers and protection of neurons from their effect."	( Effect of melatonin on α-synuclein self-assembly and cytotoxicity. Ikeda, T; Mochizuki, H; Nihira, T; Ono, K; Takasaki, J; Teplow, DB; Yamada, M, 2012)	0.78
" No severe adverse events were reported."	( The efficacy and safety of melatonin in concurrent chemotherapy or radiotherapy for solid tumors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ai, F; Dong, TF; Duan, CH; Fu, QL; Jin, BZ; Lu, YZ; Wang, YM, 2012)	0.68
" However, treatment with NSAIDs may be accompanied by adverse effects such as gastrointestinal damage and platelet dysfunction."	( Toxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a review of melatonin and diclofenac sodium association. Altunkaynak, ME; Aygün, D; Kaplan, S; Odaci, E; Onger, ME, 2012)	0.62
"01-1000μM) did not show neurotoxicity, 2'-OH- and 4'-OH-deltamethrin (10-1000μM) were more toxic than deltamethrin (10-1000μM)."	( Cytotoxicity induced by deltamethrin and its metabolites in SH-SY5Y cells can be differentially prevented by selected antioxidants. Anadón, A; Ares, I; Castellano, V; Martínez, M; Martínez, MA; Martínez-Larrañaga, MR; Ramos, E; Romero, A, 2012)	0.38
" Authors conclude that the use of Melaxen in dosage of 3 mg before sleep is effective and safe insomnia treatment in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia."	( [The results of Russian multicenter open-label observational study of the efficacy and safety of мelaxen (melatonin) for the treatment of disordered sleep in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia]. Bel'skaia, GN; Boĭko, AN; Doronin, BM; Gustov, AV; Iakupov, EZ; Levin, IaI; Poluéktov, MG; Poverennova, IE; Skoromets, AA; Spirin, NN, 2012)	0.59
" According to risk assessment data published by EFSA in 2011, histamine and tyramine are the most toxic biogenic amines and the ones that most affect food safety."	( Melatonin is formed during winemaking at safe levels of biogenic amines. Callejón, RM; Cantos-Villar, E; Garcia-Parrilla, MC; Ordóñez, JL; Rodriguez-Naranjo, MI, 2013)	1.83
" Administration of melatonin reduced the toxic effects of trazodone in isolated rat hepatocytes."	( Mechanisms of trazodone-induced cytotoxicity and the protective effects of melatonin and/or taurine toward freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Eghbal, MA; Sattari, MR; Taziki, S, 2013)	0.95
"Mustard is highly toxic to the lung."	( The protective effect of melatonin and S-methylisothiourea treatments in nitrogen mustard induced lung toxicity in rats. Aydin, I; Kenar, L; Korkmaz, A; Kunak, ZI; Macit, E; Onguru, O; Turel, S; Uysal, B; Yaman, H; Yaren, H, 2013)	0.69
" Their combined use has made it possible to increase an overall survival but they are still penalized by adverse effects and toxicity."	( Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of the first-line treatment with somatostatin combined with melatonin, retinoids, vitamin D3, and low doses of cyclophosphamide in 20 cases of breast cancer: a preliminary report. Colori, B; Di Bella, G; Mascia, F; Ricchi, A, 2013)	0.61
" However, hepatotoxicity is one of its adverse effects reported in some patients."	( Mechanisms of phenytoin-induced toxicity in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes and the protective effects of taurine and/or melatonin. Eghbal, MA; Sattari, MR; Taziki, S, 2014)	0.61
" Thus, because melatonin is regarded to be a safe pineal secretory product, it may be used concomitantly as a supplement to reduce lung damage in patients undergoing chemotherapy."	( Protective Effects of Melatonin against Cyclophosphamide-induced Oxidative Lung Toxicity in Mice. Ahmadi, A; Chabra, A; Hasani-Nourian, Y; Jafarinejhad, M; Naghshvar, F; Shokrzadeh, M, 2015)	1.08
" Clinical adverse events were seen in 23."	( Safety and efficacy of melatonin in pediatric migraine prophylaxis. Fallah, R; Ferdosian, F; Shoroki, FF, 2015)	0.73
" D-ß-hydroxybutyrate /M in doses previously shown to be associated with improved survival is safe in a porcine hemorrhagic shock/polytrauma model."	( Safety of D-ß-Hydroxybutyrate and Melatonin for the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Shock With Polytrauma. Asghar, JI; Beilman, GJ; Iyegha, UP; Mulier, KE; Wolf, A, 2015)	0.7
" This review details the adverse effects of IUGR on fetal brain development and discusses intervention strategies."	( Neurodevelopment in children with intrauterine growth restriction: adverse effects and interventions. Fu, W; Liu, J; Wang, Y, 2016)	0.43
"Aluminum has toxic potential on humans and animals when it accumulates in various tissues."	( Role of Exogenous Melatonin on Cell Proliferation and Oxidant/Antioxidant System in Aluminum-Induced Renal Toxicity. Arda-Pirincci, P; Bayrak, BB; Karabulut-Bulan, O; Sarikaya-Unal, G; Us, H; Yanardag, R, 2015)	0.75
"Cadmium is one of the most toxic metal compounds found in the environment."	( SIRT3-SOD2-mROS-dependent autophagy in cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity and salvage by melatonin. Cao, Z; Duan, W; Guo, P; He, M; Li, M; Li, Y; Liu, C; Lu, Y; Pi, H; Reiter, RJ; Tian, L; Xie, J; Xu, S; Yu, Z; Zhang, L; Zhang, R; Zhou, Z, 2015)	0.64
" Melatonin reversed the toxic effects of METH by restoring cell viability and inhibiting the increase in mitochondrial Fis1 levels and the mitochondrial translocation of Drp1 and Bax."	( Melatonin attenuates the mitochondrial translocation of mitochondrial fission proteins and Bax, cytosolic calcium overload and cell death in methamphetamine-induced toxicity in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Chetsawang, B; Govitrapong, P; Parameyong, A, 2015)	2.77
"Caenorhabditis elegans is an alternative in vivo model that is being successfully used to assess the pharmacological and toxic effects of drugs."	( Caenorhabditis elegans as an alternative in vivo model to determine oral uptake, nanotoxicity, and efficacy of melatonin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules on paraquat damage. Ávila, DS; Barth, A; Brucker, N; Charão, MF; Eifler-Lima, VL; Fagundez, D; Garcia, SC; Guterres, SS; Jornada, DS; Pohlmann, AR; Souto, C, 2015)	0.63
" A potential adverse effect of high-dose EGCG or green tea extracts is hepatotoxicity."	( Melatonin attenuates (-)-epigallocatehin-3-gallate-triggered hepatotoxicity without compromising its downregulation of hepatic gluconeogenic and lipogenic genes in mice. Reiter, RJ; Wan, X; Wang, D; Wang, T; Wei, Y; Yang, CS; Zhang, J, 2015)	1.86
" In this study, the efficacy of three antioxidants (melatonin, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and vinpocetine) on alleviation of toxic effects of CP was evaluated."	( A mechanistic approach for modulation of chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity in human lymphocytes by melatonin, coenzyme Q10, and vinpocetine. Abdollahi, M; Baeeri, M; Ghayomi, F; Navaei-Nigjeh, M; Rezvanfar, MA, 2016)	0.9
" The aim of this review was to present and evaluate the literature concerning the possible adverse effects and safety of exogenous melatonin in humans."	( The Safety of Melatonin in Humans. Andersen, LP; Gögenur, I; Reiter, RJ; Rosenberg, J, 2016)	1
"Gossypol, an anti-cancer drug, induces genotoxicity on lymphocyte cells and co-supplementation of melatonin antioxidant ameliorates these toxic effects of gossypol."	( The genotoxic effects of anti-cancer drug gossypol on human lymphocytes and its mitigation by melatonin. Narechania, MB; Rao, MV, 2016)	0.87
" In this study, we performed in vivo and in vitro experiment to investigate the ameliorative effect of melatonin on ER stress with a focus on RISK and SAFE pathways interaction."	( Melatonin reduces PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: role of RISK and SAFE pathways interaction. Chen, W; Duan, W; Jin, Z; Li, B; Liu, J; Liu, Z; Wang, S; Yang, J; Yang, Y; Yi, D; Yu, L; Yu, S; Zhang, M; Zhao, G, 2016)	2.09
" In conclusion, the adverse effects of leptin on sperm can be prevented by concurrent melatonin administration."	( Melatonin ameliorates the adverse effects of leptin on sperm. Almabhouh, FA; Gnanou, J; Gupalo, S; Ibrahim, E; Ibrahim, SF; Osman, K; Singh, HJ, )	1.8
"The adverse effect of airborne PM2."	( Application of melatonin-loaded poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel particles to reduce the toxicity of airborne pollutes to RAW264.7 cells. Chen, J; Gao, C; Jiang, P; Mao, Z; Zhang, W; Zhu, C, 2017)	0.81
" Clonidine, melatonin, L-theanine, eszopiclone and guanfacine were well tolerated with mild to moderate adverse events; zolpidem was associated with neuropsychiatric adverse effects."	( Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Drugs for Treating Behavioural Insomnia in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review with Methodological Quality Assessment. Anand, S; Besag, FMC; Chan, EW; Cortese, S; Tong, H; Wong, ICK, 2017)	0.83
" However, they have the potential to interact with macromolecules like proteins, lipids and DNA within the cells which makes the safe biomedical application difficult."	( Zinc oxide nanoparticles mediated cytotoxicity, mitochondrial membrane potential and level of antioxidants in presence of melatonin. Millot, N; Mohanan, PV; Sruthi, S, 2017)	0.66
" Melatonin has been previously shown to be beneficial in reversing toxic changes in the heart."	( On the mechanisms of melatonin in protection of aluminum phosphide cardiotoxicity. Abdollahi, M; Aminjan, HH; Asghari, MH; Baeeri, M; Baghaei, A; Hassani, S; Jafari, A; Moghadamnia, AA; Moloudizargari, M; Ostad, SN; Rahimifard, M; Solgi, R, 2017)	1.68
"PedPRM was efficacious and safe for treatment of insomnia in children and adolescents with ASD with/without ADHD and NGD."	( Efficacy and Safety of Pediatric Prolonged-Release Melatonin for Insomnia in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Breddy, J; Findling, RL; Frydman-Marom, A; Gringras, P; Nir, T, 2017)	0.71
" These results will help to resolve the toxic effects of Cu2+ stress on plant growth and development."	( Melatonin Alleviates Copper Toxicity via Improving Copper Sequestration and ROS Scavenging in Cucumber. Cao, YY; Guo, YD; Li, S; Li, X; Qi, CD; Ren, S; Wang, J; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Zhang, N, 2019)	1.96
" We examined controlled studies of oral melatonin supplementation in humans when they presented any statistical analysis of adverse events."	( Adverse events associated with oral administration of melatonin: A critical systematic review of clinical evidence. Foley, HM; Steel, AE, 2019)	1.03
" Melatonin has been shown to decrease the toxic effects of cisplatin due to its antioxidant activity, and could increase the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy."	( Protective Effect of Melatonin on Cisplatin-induced Ototoxicity in Rats. DE Araujo, JG; Kückelhaus, SAS; Lauand, L; Sampaio, ALL; Serra, LSM, 2019)	1.74
"Doxorubicin, an anticancer drug, has a toxic effect on many tissues such as heart, pancreas, liver, kidney, and testis."	( The role of toll-like receptors in the protective effect of melatonin against doxorubicin-induced pancreatic beta cell toxicity. Degirmencioglu, AZ; Gur, FM; Guven, C; Kaya, ST; Kocahan, S; Sahin, L; Sevgiler, Y; Taskin, E, 2019)	0.76
" Little is known about the potential for adverse events (AEs), in particular AEs resulting from long-term use."	( Adverse Events Associated with Melatonin for the Treatment of Primary or Secondary Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review. Besag, FMC; Lao, KSJ; Vasey, MJ; Wong, ICK, 2019)	0.8
" Melatonin was generally regarded as safe and well tolerated."	( Adverse Events Associated with Melatonin for the Treatment of Primary or Secondary Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review. Besag, FMC; Lao, KSJ; Vasey, MJ; Wong, ICK, 2019)	1.71
" There are insufficient robust data to allow a meaningful appraisal of concerns that melatonin may result in more clinically significant adverse effects in potentially at-risk populations."	( Adverse Events Associated with Melatonin for the Treatment of Primary or Secondary Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review. Besag, FMC; Lao, KSJ; Vasey, MJ; Wong, ICK, 2019)	1.02
"Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a frequent adverse event that can lead to acute or chronic kidney disease and increase the healthcare expenditure."	( Melatonin ameliorates the drug induced nephrotoxicity: Molecular insights. Naureen, Z; Raza, Z, )	1.57
" The mechanisms of MT-induced plant tolerance to Se stress have potential implications in developing novel strategies for safe crop production in Se-rich soils."	( Protective mechanisms of melatonin against selenium toxicity in Brassica napus: insights into physiological traits, thiol biosynthesis and antioxidant machinery. Ali, B; Ali, S; Gill, RA; Hina, F; Huang, Q; Mwamba, TM; Ulhassan, Z; Zhou, W, 2019)	0.82
" However, doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is considered as a serious adverse effect, and it limits the clinical use of this chemotherapeutic drug."	( The role of melatonin on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: A systematic review. Farhood, B; Haghi-Aminjan, H; Hooshangi Shayesteh, MR; Mortezaee, K; Najafi, M, 2020)	0.94
"Investigation of probable toxic effects of acetamiprid (ACMP) on kidney and comparative analysis of the probable protective effects of vitamin E and melatonin were conducted in the present study."	( Protective effects of melatonin and vitamin E in acetamiprid-induced nephrotoxicity. Erdemli, ME; Erdemli, Z; Gozukara Bag, H; Gul, M; Gul, S; Zayman, E, 2020)	1.07
" Primary outcomes were sleep onset time (SOT), drop-out for all causes and drop-out for adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of melatonin for sleep onset insomnia in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Kuang, L; Meng, H; Ni, S; Smits, MG; Tang, X; Wei, S; Xiao, M; Zhou, X, 2020)	0.87
"05) or drop-out for adverse events (OR = 3."	( Efficacy and safety of melatonin for sleep onset insomnia in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Kuang, L; Meng, H; Ni, S; Smits, MG; Tang, X; Wei, S; Xiao, M; Zhou, X, 2020)	0.87
" This mechanism may have potential implications in safe food production."	( Melatonin mitigates cadmium and aluminium toxicity through modulation of antioxidant potential in Brassica napus L. Abdullah, M; Sami, A; Shah, FA; Yan, Y; Zhou, K; Zhou, X; Zhu, Z, 2020)	2
" In the last decade the role of exosomes in spreading toxic proteins and inducing the propagation of diseases like AD has been discussed."	( Melatonin affects the release of exosomes and tau-content in in vitro amyloid-beta toxicity model. Cankaya, S; Goktekin, S; Kilic, E; Kilic, U; Ozansoy, M; Ozansoy, MB; Yulug, B, 2020)	2
" No withdrawal was observed due to the drugs' adverse effects."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of melatonin and memantine in the alleviation of cognitive impairments induced by electroconvulsive therapy: A randomized clinical trial. Abbasinazari, M; Badri, T; Ghassab-Sahebkar, A; Keshvari, N; Qobadighadikolaei, R; Sarraf, N, 2020)	0.82
" Chemotherapy is one of the most valuable treatments for cancer, but its clinical application is limited due to adverse side effects."	( Utilizing Melatonin to Alleviate Side Effects of Chemotherapy: A Potentially Good Partner for Treating Cancer with Ageing. Di, S; Han, J; Li, W; Li, X; Liu, D; Ma, Z; Reiter, RJ; Xu, L; Yan, X; Zhang, J; Zhang, X, 2020)	0.96
" However, it can also induce peripheral neuropathic pain and neurotoxicity as adverse effects."	( Melatonin and Selenium Suppress Docetaxel-Induced TRPV1 Activation, Neuropathic Pain and Oxidative Neurotoxicity in Mice. Ataizi, ZS; Ertilav, K; Nazıroğlu, M; Yıldızhan, K, 2021)	2.06
"Increased application of the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin has adverse effects on the cardiac system and neurobehavior on the non-target organisms, which has raised the public's attention."	( Protective Effects of Spermidine and Melatonin on Deltamethrin-Induced Cardiotoxicity and Neurotoxicity in Zebrafish. Chen, D; Feng, X; Feng, Z; Gao, Q; Liu, X; Tang, Y; Zhao, X, 2021)	0.89
" ◦ To evaluate adverse events during the 28 day study period."	( A phase II, single-center, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial to explore the efficacy and safety of intravenous melatonin in patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (MelCOVID study): a structured summary of a study protoc Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Borobia, AM; de la Oliva, P; Escames, G; Figueira, JC; Rodríguez-Rubio, M, 2020)	0.76
" • If an adverse effect or clinical impairment is observed that is objectively or subjectively attributable to the study drug the treatment will be stopped."	( A phase II, single-center, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial to explore the efficacy and safety of intravenous melatonin in patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (MelCOVID study): a structured summary of a study protoc Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Borobia, AM; de la Oliva, P; Escames, G; Figueira, JC; Rodríguez-Rubio, M, 2020)	0.76
" integerrima has shown its ameliorative potential by mitigating the adverse effects of BPA."	( Pistacia integerrima alleviated Bisphenol A induced toxicity through Ubc13/p53 signalling. Ajmal, S; Ali, T; Anees, M; Bakhtiar, A; Ishtiaq, A; Khan, U; Khan, W; Murtaza, I; Mushtaq, I; Saeed, J; Silas, E; Sultan, A; Wahedi, HM, 2020)	0.56
" Adverse events were registered for each route of administration."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Intravenous, Intravesical, Rectal, Transdermal, and Vaginal Melatonin in Healthy Female Volunteers: A Cross-Over Study. Alder, R; Andersen, LPK; Jessen, ML; Rosenberg, J; Tolstrup, A; Zetner, D, 2021)	0.84
" No serious adverse effects were documented."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Intravenous, Intravesical, Rectal, Transdermal, and Vaginal Melatonin in Healthy Female Volunteers: A Cross-Over Study. Alder, R; Andersen, LPK; Jessen, ML; Rosenberg, J; Tolstrup, A; Zetner, D, 2021)	0.84
" The secondary outcomes are the time to improve clinical and paraclinical features along with the incidence of serious adverse drug reactions within seven days of randomization."	( Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Melatonin in moderately ill patients with COVID-19: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Dadvand, H; Davoodian, P; Fathalipour, M; Hassanipour, S; Mahmoudikia, F; Masjedi, M; Omidi, M; Rafiee, B; Safa, O; Ziaei, A, 2020)	0.82
"Nephrotoxicity is a dose-limiting side effect of long-term use of tenofovir, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is used for the treatment of HIV infection and chronic hepatitis B infection."	( Melatonin protects against tenofovir-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by targeting multiple cellular pathways. Abraham, P; Isaac, B; Ramamoorthy, H, 2021)	2.06
" CP (6 mg/kg, given once intraperitoneally) induced nephrotoxicity as evidenced by several significant adverse physiological, biochemical and histopathological actions that included a reduction in body weight, increased urine production, and significant alterations in some conventional and novel renal damage indices in plasma, urine and kidneys."	( Effect of concomitant treatment of curcumin and melatonin on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Abdelrahman, A; Al Suleimani, Y; Al Za'abi, M; Ali, BH; Ali, H; Manoj, P; Nemmar, A, 2020)	0.81
" Our aim was to develop a robust protocol for crushing Circadin tablets and suspending the powder for safe administration via paediatric nasogastric tubes."	( Recommendations for crushing Circadin® (melatonin) tablets for safe and reliable delivery via pediatric nasogastric tubes. Forbes, B; Ingham, S; Swedrowska, M; Tomlin, S, 2021)	0.89
"The clinical application of doxorubicin, one of the most effective anticancer drugs, has been limited due to its adverse effects, including cardiotoxicity."	( Melatonin prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through suppression of AMPKα2-dependent mitochondrial damage. Choe, W; Ha, J; Hoang, DH; Kang, I; Kim, SS; Song, M; Tran, QH; Yang, G, 2020)	2
" MEL weakened the toxic effects of DOX on the cardiac tissue and it is shown histologically."	( Effects of Melatonin and Adrenomedullin in Reducing the Cardiotoxic Effects of Doxorubicin in Rats. Bahceci, SA; Durdagi, G; Oyar, EO; Ozbek, M; Pehlivan, DY, 2021)	1.01
" However, melatonin treatment significantly attenuated BPA-induced toxic effects by scavenging ROS, boosting antioxidant enzyme activities, and interestingly enervated brain apoptosis by normalizing p53, PUMA, and Drp-1 expressions at both transcriptional and translational level."	( Melatonin abated Bisphenol A-induced neurotoxicity via p53/PUMA/Drp-1 signaling. Ali, T; Anees, M; Anis, RA; Bakhtiar, A; Bibi, K; Bibi, R; Ishtiaq, A; Khan, U; Khan, W; Li, S; Murtaza, I; Mushtaq, I; Sultan, A, 2021)	2.47
" In this study, we used mature mouse oocytes to study the toxic effects of low-dose GBH exposure in vitro (0."	( Melatonin rescues the reproductive toxicity of low-dose glyphosate-based herbicide during mouse oocyte maturation via the GPER signaling pathway. Cao, M; Li, J; Qin, X; Wang, Y; Yang, F, 2021)	2.06
" These findings suggest that betaine and melatonin concomitant use is likely to provide greater protection against CP-induced nephrotoxicity than when they are given singly, rendering them potentially suitable and safe agents to use in clinical trials to assess their possible beneficial actions in cancer patients receiving CP."	( The salutary action of melatonin and betaine, given singly or concomitantly, on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Al Sabahi, M; Al Za'abi, M; Ali, BH; Ali, H, 2021)	1.2
"Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic pollutants for health due to its accumulation in several tissues, including testis."	( Altered Expression of DAAM1 and PREP Induced by Cadmium Toxicity Is Counteracted by Melatonin in the Rat Testis. Ben Rhouma, M; Messaoudi, I; Minucci, S; Reiter, RJ; Romano, MZ; Venditti, M, 2021)	0.85
"This study demonstrates that hypoxia inhibits cardiomyocytes differentiation and melatonin partially mitigates the adverse effect of hypoxia in myocardial differentiation by regulating apoptosis and oxidative stress through the p-AKT and PI3K pathway."	( Melatonin mitigates the adverse effect of hypoxia during myocardial differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells. Jeong, S; Jeung, EB; Lee, B; Lee, JH; Tran, DN; Yoo, YM, 2021)	2.29
" Melatonin is widely known for its regulation of sleep rhythm, and it also shows a beneficial effect in a variety of adverse situations."	( Melatonin mitigated circadian disruption and cardiovascular toxicity caused by 6-benzylaminopurine exposure in zebrafish. Feng, D; Feng, X; Huang, J; Yang, M; Zhang, S; Zhao, X, 2021)	2.97
" However, little information is available about how to alleviate the adverse impacts of nanoplastics on crops."	( Melatonin reduces nanoplastic uptake, translocation, and toxicity in wheat. Brestic, M; Gong, L; Guo, J; Li, S; Li, X; Liu, F; Liu, S; Song, F; Wang, T, 2021)	2.06
" Melatonin reduces the toxic effect of polymetals on biomass accumulation, root growth, and maintenance of the assimilating surface."	( Exogenic Melatonin Reduces the Toxic Effect of Polymetallic Stress on Barley Plants. Danilova, ED; Efimova, MV; Kuznetsov, VV; Zlobin, IE, 2021)	1.95
" Therefore, considering all these positive effects of melatonin, this review is aimed at melatonin supplementation therapy on arsenic toxicity which seems to be a suitable therapeutic agent to eliminate the adverse effects of arsenic."	( Melatonin: a pleiotropic hormone as a novel potent therapeutic candidate in arsenic toxicity. Abdollahzade, N; Babri, S; Majidinia, M, 2021)	2.31
" Unfortunately, cumulative and irreversible cardiotoxicity of Dox is the most prominent adverse effect which limits its use."	( Cardioprotective effects of melatonin and metformin against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats are through preserving mitochondrial function and dynamics. Arinno, A; Arunsak, B; Chattipakorn, N; Chattipakorn, SC; Chunchai, T; Kerdphoo, S; Khuanjing, T; Maneechote, C; Ongnok, B; Prathumsap, N; Shinlapawittayatorn, K, 2021)	0.92
" Furthermore, MT treatment mitigated the aforementioned adverse changes induced by TMT."	( Melatonin ameliorates trimethyltin chloride-induced cardiotoxicity: The role of nuclear xenobiotic metabolism and Keap1-Nrf2/ARE axis-mediated pyroptosis. Cai, J; Chen, X; Liu, Q; Yang, J; Zhang, H; Zhang, Z; Zhu, Y, 2022)	2.16
" At the cellular level, Sev exerts toxic effects in multiple aspects, making it difficult for effective interference."	( Melatonin pretreatment alleviates the long-term synaptic toxicity and dysmyelination induced by neonatal Sevoflurane exposure via MT1 receptor-mediated Wnt signaling modulation. Guo, B; Liang, L; Lu, R; Mao, Z; Tang, W; Wang, Y; Wu, S; Xie, R; Yang, X; Zeng, T; Zhang, H; Zhang, L; Zhao, Y, 2021)	2.06
" Long-term uses and toxic high doses of MA can induce neurotoxicity."	( The neuroprotective role of melatonin against methamphetamine toxicity-induced neurotransmission dysregulation and cognitive deficits in rats. Chetsawang, B; Harnpramukkul, A; Komlao, P; Kraiwattanapirom, N; Ngampramuan, S; Promyo, K, 2021)	0.92
" What is the role of endogenous melatonin; what does melatonin do to sleep, body temperature, circadian rhythms, the cardiovascular system, reproductive system, endocrine system and metabolism when administered to healthy subjects? When used as a drug/dietary supplement, what safety studies have been conducted? Can we really say melatonin is safe when it has not been systematically studied and many studies show interactions with a wide range of physiological processes? Finally the results of studies investigating the efficacy of melatonin as a drug to alleviate insomnia are critically evaluated."	( What do we really know about the safety and efficacy of melatonin for sleep disorders? Kennaway, DJ, 2022)	1.25
" The outcomes examined were the number of adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs) and withdrawals due to AEs."	( Safety of higher doses of melatonin in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chapman, JL; Comas, M; D'Rozario, AL; Duffy, SL; Gordon, CJ; Grunstein, RR; Hoyos, CM; Marshall, NS; McKinnon, AC; Menczel Schrire, Z; Naismith, SL; Phillips, CL; Raisin, I; Saini, B; Wong, G, 2022)	1.02
" Regarding safety, enteral SPM administration did not increase adverse events, including self-extubation."	( Effect of enterally administered sleep-promoting medication on the intravenous sedative dose and its safety and cost profile in mechanically ventilated patients: A retrospective cohort study. Hashimoto, T; Kataoka, Y; Matsumoto, M; Suzuki, T; Tsunemitsu, T, 2021)	0.62
"Early enteral SPM administration reduced the average daily propofol dose per body weight without increasing adverse events."	( Effect of enterally administered sleep-promoting medication on the intravenous sedative dose and its safety and cost profile in mechanically ventilated patients: A retrospective cohort study. Hashimoto, T; Kataoka, Y; Matsumoto, M; Suzuki, T; Tsunemitsu, T, 2021)	0.62
"The aim of the present investigation was to study the toxic influences of taxol (TXL) on the testes of rats and the protective impact of melatonin (MLT) against such effects."	( The protective effect of melatonin supplementation against taxol-induced testicular cytotoxicity in adult rats. Abdelhamid, FM; Aboelwafa, HR; El-Kott, AF; Ramadan, RA, 2022)	1.23
" CP was given once intraperitoneally (10 mg/kg,) eliciting acute kidney injury as assured by several adverse histological changes; glomerulopathy, tubulopathy, and vasculopathy, an inflammatory response including elevated TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β."	( TGF-β1, NAG-1, and antioxidant enzymes expression alterations in Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in a rat model: Comparative modulating role of Melatonin, Vit. E and Ozone. Abd El-Emam, MM; Abdel-Rahman Mohamed, A; Bin Emran, T; El-Shetry, ES; Khater, SI; Metwally, MMM; Mostafa-Hedeab, G; Nassan, MA, 2022)	0.92
" Melatonin was essentially safe for short-term use (up to 3 months)."	( Assessing the potential for drug interactions and long term safety of melatonin for the treatment of insomnia in children with autism spectrum disorder. Zisapel, N, 2022)	1.87
" The adverse effect of the association of continuous exposure to light with decreased melatonin levels and TCE-induced toxicity is not disclosed in target organs."	( Constant light exposure and/or pinealectomy increases susceptibility to trichloroethylene-induced hepatotoxicity and liver cancer in male mice. Abdraboh, ME; Amer, ME; El-Missiry, MA; Elhamed, DSA; Othman, AI; Taha, AN, 2022)	0.94
"Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) is a well-known environmental toxic metal that causes reprotoxicity in pregnant females."	( New insights into the reverse of chromium-induced reprotoxicity of pregnant mice by melatonin. Ding, JJ; Guo, HX; Han, JQ; Huang, YN; Jiao, C; Ma, XY; Qi, YL; Xu, J; Yuan, QQ, 2022)	0.95
" Due to extreme energy requirements and high lipid levels, the brain is more susceptible to oxidative damage during aging especially under exposure to toxic elements such as arsenic."	( Molecular mechanisms underlying ameliorative impact of melatonin against age-dependent chronic arsenic toxicity in rats' brains. Abdollahzade, N; Majidinia, M; Mihanfar, A, 2022)	0.97
" Mild adverse events were reported in three patients in the clonazepam, two patients in the trazodone group, and none in the melatonin group."	( Safety and efficacy of melatonin, clonazepam, and trazodone in patients with Parkinson's disease and sleep disorders: a randomized, double-blind trial. Agah, E; Aghamollaii, V; Hadi, F; Mirsepassi, Z; Mousavi, SV; Tafakhori, A; Talachi, N; Tavanbakhsh, S, 2022)	1.24
" An adverse effect on the hematological system arising out of xenobiotic exposure causes impaired hemostasis and coagulation leading to disease."	( Hematotoxicity of Co-Administration of Bisphenol A and Acetaminophen in Rats and its Amelioration by Melatonin. Akhter, MS; Alshahrani, S; Dobie, G; Hamali, HA; Madkhali, AM; Mobarki, AA; Qadri, M; Rashid, H, 2023)	1.13
"The cognitive adverse effects (AEs) of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) limit the wider use of the treatment."	( Reconsideration of the Benefits of Pharmacological Interventions for the Attenuation of the Cognitive Adverse Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy. Andrade, C, 2022)	0.72
"The toxic impact of microplastics/nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) in plants and the food chain has recently become a top priority."	( Microplastic/nanoplastic toxicity in plants: an imminent concern. Dey, TK; Jamal, M; Roy, T, 2022)	0.72
" Melatonin significantly improved clinical status with a safe profile in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia."	( Efficacy and safety of oral melatonin in patients with severe COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial. Ameri, A; Fathalipour, M; Frouz Asadi, M; Hassanipour, S; Kamali, M; Mahmoodi, M; Safa, O; Vatankhah, M; Ziaei, A, 2023)	2.11
" There was no significant difference in the occurrence of common adverse drug reactions, such as drowsiness and fatigue, between the melatonin group and the comparison groups."	( Efficacy and Safety of Melatonin as Prophylaxis for Migraine in Adults: A Meta-analysis. Jena, M; Maiti, R; Mishra, A; Mishra, BR; Puliappadamb, HM, 2022)	1.24
"This review focuses on adverse event data reported in long-term (≥6 months) prospective trials of melatonin."	( Adverse events in long-term studies of exogenous melatonin. Besag, FMC; Vasey, MJ, 2022)	1.19
"The Embase and Medline electronic databases were searched from inception to 12 September 2022 for long-term studies of melatonin, in which adverse events were systematically monitored and reported."	( Adverse events in long-term studies of exogenous melatonin. Besag, FMC; Vasey, MJ, 2022)	1.18
"Although the reported frequency of possible adverse events associated with long-term melatonin use is low and few clinically significant adverse events have been reported, the scarcity of data from double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials should caution against complacency."	( Adverse events in long-term studies of exogenous melatonin. Besag, FMC; Vasey, MJ, 2022)	1.2
"Arsenic is a notorious metalloid that exists in the earth's crust and is considered toxic for humans and the environment."	( The protective effect of natural or chemical compounds against arsenic-induced neurotoxicity: Cellular and molecular mechanisms. Barangi, S; Hosseinzadeh, H; Mehri, S; Shayan, M, 2023)	0.91
"The present study investigated the toxic effects of IMI on brain and gut of zebrafish (Danio rerio) by a combination of transcriptome and microbiome analysis."	( Prolonged darkness attenuates imidacloprid toxicity through the brain-gut-microbiome axis in zebrafish, Danio rerio. Dong, Y; Hong, Y; Huang, Q; Huang, Y; Huang, Z; Wu, S; Xu, D; Yang, X, 2023)	0.91
"Cadmium (Cd) is among the toxic pollutants that harms the both animals and plants."	( Reduction in the cadmium (Cd) accumulation and toxicity in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) by regulating physio-biochemical and antioxidant defense system via soil and foliar application of melatonin. Awan, SA; Huang, L; Irshad, MA; Khan, I; Rizwan, M; Xiaosan, W; Zhang, X, 2023)	1.1
"Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy are effective in cancer treatment, different adverse effects induced by these therapeutic modalities (such as ototoxicity) restrict their clinical use."	( A Systematic Review of the Chemo/Radioprotective Effects of Melatonin against Ototoxic Adverse Effects Induced by Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy. Basirat, U; Bin Tariq, U; Farhood, B; Gupta, J; Jawhar, ZH; Kareem, AK; Moeen, N; Mustafa, YF; Ramírez-Coronel, AA; Romero-Parra, RM; Shoja, SJ; Zabibah, RS, 2023)	1.15
" In a safety assessment, the highest incidence of adverse events (48."	( [Comparative study of the clinical efficacy and safety of the fixed dose combination Levroso Long with Melaxen and Diphenhydramine in patients with insomnia]. Leykin, ZN; Popova, VB, 2023)	0.91
" Our findings suggest that vitamins could act as an endocrine disruptor, and melatonin is most effective in protecting against the toxic effects of bisphenols."	( Melatonin and Vitamins as Protectors against the Reproductive Toxicity of Bisphenols: Which Is the Most Effective? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cerbón-Gutiérrez, JL; Chávez-Corona, JI; Herrera-Barragán, JA; Leyva-Gómez, G; Mendoza-Rodríguez, CA; Peña-Corona, SI; Pérez-Caltzontzin, LE; Quintanar-Guerrero, D; Ramos-Martínez, E; Vargas-Estrada, D, 2023)	2.58
"Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic metal and can cause severe damage to many organisms under natural conditions."	( Melatonin alleviates Hg toxicity by modulating redox homeostasis and the urea cycle in moss. Chen, JY; Chen, YE; He, AQ; Hu, WY; Huang, LY; Mao, HT; Su, YQ; Yin, XY; Yuan, M; Yuan, S; Zhang, ZW, 2024)	2.89

Pharmacokinetics

The REM Absorp was tested on rats. Results showed that pharmacokinetic parameters of melatonin administered exogenously depended on the time of the day.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The pharmacokinetic parameters in the two studies were similar, except for the disappearance rate constant beta and the apparent volume of distribution at steady-state (Vss)."	( Pharmacokinetics of melatonin in man after intravenous infusion and bolus injection. Brun, J; Chazot, G; Claustrat, B; Galy, G; Mallo, C; Vermeulen, E; Zaĭdan, R, 1990)	0.6
" The half-life of each phase was significantly prolonged in patients with cirrhosis compared to healthy subjects."	( Melatonin serum levels and metabolic clearance rate in patients with liver cirrhosis. Ibayashi, H; Iguchi, H; Kato, KI, 1982)	1.71
" Women with the lowest peak concentration of melatonin had tumors with the highest concentrations of estrogen receptors."	( Decreased nocturnal plasma melatonin peak in patients with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Chabner, B; Cohen, M; Danforth, D; DeMoss, E; Lichter, A; Lippman, M; Tamarkin, L, 1982)	0.82
" The results of pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from serum melatonin showed no significant gender differences in adults."	( Pharmacokinetics of melatonin in human sexual maturation. Cavallo, A; Ritschel, WA, 1996)	0.86
"25 mg/kg dosages, the half-life of the absorbed melatonin (t 1/2 elimination) was less than 20 min, and the concentrations fell to baseline within 60 min after injection."	( Pharmacokinetics of extracellular melatonin in Siberian hamster forebrain. Ferreira, SA; Glass, JD; Rollag, MD, 1996)	0.83
" These pharmacokinetic parameters were used to devise a 24-h periodic delivery schedule consisting of a 6-h constant infusion of exogenous melatonin, followed by an 18-h melatonin-free interval."	( Pharmacokinetically guided melatonin scheduling in rats with circadian system suppression. Claustrat, B; Deprés-Brummer, P; Lévi, F; Metzger, G; Morin, D; Tillement, JP; Touitou, Y; Urien, S, 1996)	0.79
" The apparent elimination half-life of melatonin following an intravenous dose of 3 mg/kg (5 mg/kg in rats) was 19."	( Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of exogenous melatonin in preclinical animal models and clinical implications. Knipe, JO; McLaughlin, LG; Schabdach, D; Yeleswaram, K, 1997)	0.81
" In this pharmacokinetic and safety study, melatonin in propylene glycol was evaluated in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats."	( Preclinical evaluation of pharmacokinetics and safety of melatonin in propylene glycol for intravenous administration. Chan, PS; Cheung, RT; Ma, ES; Tam, S; Tipoe, GL; Zou, LY, 2006)	0.84
" A pharmacokinetic model with a surge function was fitted to the data; dA/dt = K(IN) [1 + (AMP/(((t - T(0))/WID)(N) + 1))] - K(OUT) A, using NONMEM."	( A population pharmacokinetic turnover and surge-function model for describing melatonin biological rhythm in healthy male subjects. Charles, B; Selmaoui, B; Touitou, Y, 2009)	0.58
" However, relatively little is known about the pharmacokinetic properties of low-dose (<0."	( Melatonin pharmacokinetics following two different oral surge-sustained release doses in older adults. Barrett, JS; Cuellar, N; Edwards, AY; Gooneratne, NS; Grandner, MA; Zhou, C, 2012)	1.82
" We conducted a pharmacokinetic study to guide potential therapeutic trials."	( Pharmacokinetics of melatonin in preterm infants. Arendt, J; Arichi, T; Azzopardi, DV; Edwards, AD; Gressens, P; Hawwa, AF; McElnay, JC; Merchant, NM; Middleton, B, 2013)	0.71
" Pharmacokinetic profiles were analyzed individually and by population methods."	( Pharmacokinetics of melatonin in preterm infants. Arendt, J; Arichi, T; Azzopardi, DV; Edwards, AD; Gressens, P; Hawwa, AF; McElnay, JC; Merchant, NM; Middleton, B, 2013)	0.71
"1 μg kg(-1)  h(-1) for 2 h showed a median half-life of 15."	( Pharmacokinetics of melatonin in preterm infants. Arendt, J; Arichi, T; Azzopardi, DV; Edwards, AD; Gressens, P; Hawwa, AF; McElnay, JC; Merchant, NM; Middleton, B, 2013)	0.71
" The pharmacokinetic profile of melatonin in preterm infants differs from that of adults so dosage of melatonin for preterm infants cannot be extrapolated from adult studies."	( Pharmacokinetics of melatonin in preterm infants. Arendt, J; Arichi, T; Azzopardi, DV; Edwards, AD; Gressens, P; Hawwa, AF; McElnay, JC; Merchant, NM; Middleton, B, 2013)	1
" demonstrates that the pharmacokinetic profile of melatonin differs in preterm infants from that of adults."	( Melatonin replacement therapy in preterm infants: the impact of pharmacokinetics. Poeggeler, B, 2013)	2.09
"Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models were developed using MATLAB Simulink(®) to predict diurnal variations of endogenous melatonin with light as well as pharmacokinetics of exogenous melatonin via different routes of administration."	( A physiologically based pharmacokinetics model for melatonin--effects of light and routes of administration. Bouak, F; Cheung, B; Peng, HT; Vartanian, O, 2013)	0.84
" The mean agomelatine AUC0-7 , AUC0-∞ and Cmax for the rs762551 CC homozygotes (n = 9), rs2470890 CC homozygotes (n = 54) and rs2472304 GG homozygotes (n = 51) were much higher than the rs762551 AA allele (n = 31), rs2470890 CT allele (n = 17) and rs2472304 AG allele (n = 20) respectively (P < 0."	( Effect of CYP1A2 polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of agomelatine in Chinese healthy male volunteers. Du, Q; Jiang, X; Song, L; Wang, L, 2014)	0.4
"The rs762551 A, rs2470890 T and rs2472304 A genotype presented a significantly lower level of agomelatine exposure (AUC, Cmax ) compared with the rs762551 C, rs2470890 C and rs2472304 G genotype in Chinese healthy subjects."	( Effect of CYP1A2 polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of agomelatine in Chinese healthy male volunteers. Du, Q; Jiang, X; Song, L; Wang, L, 2014)	0.4
" In endogenous samples, maximal melatonin concentration (C(max)) and time to peak concentration (T(max)) were comparable to those previously published in the literature for typically developing children, and dim light melatonin onsets were captured in the majority of children."	( Melatonin in children with autism spectrum disorders: endogenous and pharmacokinetic profiles in relation to sleep. Adkins, KW; Burgess, HJ; Calcutt, MW; Carter, MD; Goldman, SE; Goodpaster, RL; Hachey, DL; Malow, BA; Shi, Y; Wang, L, 2014)	2.13
" The population pharmacokinetic modeling was done with NONMEM."	( Melatonin and clonidine premedication has similar impact on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol target controlled-infusions. Bienert, A; Grześkowiak, E; Józefowicz, M; Kokot, ZJ; Kusza, K; Matysiak, J; Pachutko, A; Przybyłowski, K; Wawrzyniak, K; Wiczling, P, 2015)	1.86
" The pharmacokinetic variables included maximal plasma/serum concentration (Cmax), time to maximal plasma/serum concentration (Tmax), elimination half-life (T1/2), area-under-the-curve plasma/serum concentrations (AUC), clearance (Cl), volume of distribution (VD), and bioavailability."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of melatonin: a systematic review. Andersen, LP; Gögenur, I; Harpsøe, NG; Rosenberg, J, 2015)	0.71
" Cmax ranged from 72."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of melatonin: a systematic review. Andersen, LP; Gögenur, I; Harpsøe, NG; Rosenberg, J, 2015)	0.71
"Despite methodological differences between the included studies, Tmax was approximately 50 min following oral immediate-release formulations of melatonin."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of melatonin: a systematic review. Andersen, LP; Gögenur, I; Harpsøe, NG; Rosenberg, J, 2015)	0.91
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by a compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis."	( Pharmacokinetics of high-dose intravenous melatonin in humans. Andersen, LP; Fenger, AQ; Gögenur, I; Petersen, MC; Rosenberg, J; Rosenkilde, MM; Werner, MU, 2016)	0.7
" Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed by "the method of residuals" and compartmental analysis."	( Pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous melatonin in healthy volunteers. Andersen, LP; Fuglsang, H; Gögenur, I; Harpsøe, NG; Rosenberg, J; Rosenkilde, MM; Werner, MU, 2016)	0.7
" Results showed that pharmacokinetic parameters of melatonin administered exogenously depended on the time of the day."	( Melatonin pharmacokinetics after transdermal administration changes according to the time of the day. Calpena, A; Cambras, T; Díez-Noguera, A; Flo, A, 2017)	2.15
" By considering pharmacokinetic aspects, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of caffeic acid and quercetin on Caco-2 cells permeability, metabolism, CYP1A inhibition in vitro assay systems and a single dose pharmacokinetics of melatonin in vivo rats."	( Effects of Caffeic Acid and Quercetin on In Vitro Permeability, Metabolism and In Vivo Pharmacokinetics of Melatonin in Rats: Potential for Herb-Drug Interaction. Jana, S; Rastogi, H, 2017)	0.85
"Melatonin half-life and clearance were prolonged, and the distribution volume decreased compared to adults."	( Melatonin pharmacokinetics and dose extrapolation after enteral infusion in neonates subjected to hypothermia. Balduini, W; Bazzini, F; Buonocore, G; Carloni, S; Longini, M; Ott, D; Perrone, S; Rocchi, M; Rossignol, C; Sura, L; Wadhawan, R; Weiss, MD, 2019)	3.4
" μE-TD presented a delayed time-to-peak blood concentration (4 hours), a lower bioavailability (AUC: 3142 [1344-14573] pg/mL*hours) and reached pharmacological peak concentration (388 [132-1583] pg/mL)."	( Different routes and formulations of melatonin in critically ill patients. A pharmacokinetic randomized study. Chiumello, D; Coppola, S; Finati, E; Froio, S; Gasco, P; Iapichino, G; Manca, D; Mistraletti, G; Moro Salihovic, B; Paroni, R; Reiter, RJ; Savoca, A; Umbrello, M, 2019)	0.79
"To evaluate the pharmacokinetic and safety profile of a novel continuous release and absorption melatonin (CRA-melatonin) compared with an immediate-release melatonin (IR-melatonin) product."	( A Randomized, Crossover, Pharmacokinetics Evaluation of a Novel Continuous Release and Absorption Melatonin Formulation. Seiden, DJ; Shah, SM, 2019)	0.95
"The REM Absorption Kinetics Trial (REMAKT), an open-label, single-center, randomized, single-dose, 2-way crossover trial, compared the pharmacokinetic and safety profile of CRA-melatonin (5 mg) with IR-melatonin (5 mg) in healthy adult volunteers."	( A Randomized, Crossover, Pharmacokinetics Evaluation of a Novel Continuous Release and Absorption Melatonin Formulation. Seiden, DJ; Shah, SM, 2019)	0.92
" The median Cmax was 4,690 pg/mL for CRA-melatonin and 23,352 pg/mL for IR-melatonin."	( A Randomized, Crossover, Pharmacokinetics Evaluation of a Novel Continuous Release and Absorption Melatonin Formulation. Seiden, DJ; Shah, SM, 2019)	1
"The novel, well-tolerated CRA-melatonin was shown to achieve quick release and then continuous release and absorption of melatonin for up to 7 hours, making it a significant advancement in the pharmacokinetic release profile of exogenous melatonin delivery and, therefore, an important potential consideration as a baseline therapy for sleep."	( A Randomized, Crossover, Pharmacokinetics Evaluation of a Novel Continuous Release and Absorption Melatonin Formulation. Seiden, DJ; Shah, SM, 2019)	1.02
"We aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties and safety of melatonin administered by alternative routes of administration."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Intravenous, Intravesical, Rectal, Transdermal, and Vaginal Melatonin in Healthy Female Volunteers: A Cross-Over Study. Alder, R; Andersen, LPK; Jessen, ML; Rosenberg, J; Tolstrup, A; Zetner, D, 2021)	1.08
" The mean (SD) elimination half-life was 47 (6) min for intravenous, 58 (7) min for intravesical, 60 (18) min for rectal, 14."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Intravenous, Intravesical, Rectal, Transdermal, and Vaginal Melatonin in Healthy Female Volunteers: A Cross-Over Study. Alder, R; Andersen, LPK; Jessen, ML; Rosenberg, J; Tolstrup, A; Zetner, D, 2021)	0.84
" This may be due to differences in the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of melatonin formulations used in clinical trials."	( Pharmacokinetics of exogenous melatonin in relation to formulation, and effects on sleep: A systematic review. Chapman, J; Comas, M; Garcia-Bennett, A; Gordon, CJ; Grunstein, RR; Moroni, I, 2021)	1.14
" We undertook an open-label trial to determine the tolerance of melatonin administration in these patients and pharmacokinetic analysis, to inform a planned randomised controlled trial."	( Dose assessment of melatonin in sepsis (DAMSEL2) study: Pharmacokinetics of two doses of oral melatonin in patients with sepsis. Allen, L; Colin, PJ; Galley, HF; Galt, SP; Webster, NR, 2022)	1.29

Compound-Compound Interactions

Melatonin is used in the treatment of sepsis and septic myocardial injury. This article reviews the recent research on the use of melatonin in combination with therapeutic hypothermia for the treatm.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" There was no change in alpha MT6s excretion, and thus the previously reported potentiation of the efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants in combination with T3 does not appear to be mediated through an alteration in noradrenergic neurotransmission."	( A study of the effects of desipramine treatment alone and in combination with L-triiodothyronine on 6-sulphatoxymelatonin excretion in depressed patients. Arendt, J; Bearn, J; Checkley, SA; Franey, C, 1989)	0.49
"Melatonin, epiphysial neurohormone, and its combination with aceten have hypotensive and vasodilating effects but melatonin monotherapy normalizes circadian hemodynamic rhythms while the combination was uneffective in this respect."	( [Effects of melatonin alone and in combination with aceten on chronostructure of diurnal hemodynamic rhythms in patients with hypertension stage II]. Akhmetov, KZh; Komarov, FI; Shakirova, AN; Teĭblium, MM; Zaslavskaia, RM, 1999)	2.13
" One group received moxonidine, 40 mg, alone in the morning, the other had moxonidine in the same dose in combination with melatonin, 3 mg, overnight."	( [Effect of moxonidine monotherapy and in combination with melatonin on hemodynamic parameters in patients with arterial hypertension]. Akhmetov, KZh; Komarov, FI; Shakirova, AN; Teĭblium, MM; Zaslavskaia, RM, 2000)	0.76
"In a within-subjects (n = 18), counterbalanced design, the circadian phase-shifting effects of 3 h of 1) bright light (3,000 lx) alone 2) and bright light combined with vigorous exercise were compared."	( Circadian phase-delaying effects of bright light alone and combined with exercise in humans. Elliott, JA; Kripke, DF; Youngstedt, SD, 2002)	0.31
" We treated rats with cyclosporine A alone, or combined with melatonin, and with melatonin alone (as controls) for 40 days and analysed the renal abundance and distribution of two sHSPs, HSP25 and alpha B-crystallin."	( Small heat shock proteins expression in rat kidneys treated with cyclosporine A alone and combined with melatonin. Angoscini, P; Bianchi, R; Rezzani, R; Rodella, L; Stacchiotti, A, )	0.59
"0 or 5 mM), but melatonin (1 or 10 nM) was ineffective alone or in combination with valproic acid, in the first (MCF-7A) subline examined."	( Human melatonin MT1 receptor induction by valproic acid and its effects in combination with melatonin on MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation. Brown, GM; Jawed, S; Kim, B; Niles, LP; Ottenhof, T; Werstiuk, ES, 2007)	1.17
" Melatonin in combination with B(a)P induced rises in the GSH level in liver and brain, as compared to the receiving B(a)P alone."	( Effects of melatonin on lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activities in the liver, kidneys and brain of rats administered with benzo(a)pyrene. Dzięgiel, P; Januszewska, L; Jethon, Z; Magdalan, J; Murawska-Ciałowicz, E; Podhorska-Okołów, M; Sozański, T; Zawadzki, M, 2011)	1.67
"We compared the preventive effects of cyclosporine A combined with prednisolone and melatonin (Sigma-Aldrich) on damage to the contralateral testis after ipsilateral testicular torsion-detorsion between pubertal and adult rats."	( Preventive effects of cyclosporine a combined with prednisolone and melatonin on contralateral testicular damage after ipsilateral torsion-detorsion in pubertal and adult rats. Baek, M; Choi, H; Choi, WS; Chung, JS; Hong, SK; Jeong, SJ, 2010)	0.82
"The preventive effects of cyclosporine A combined with prednisolone on contralateral testicular damage were noted only in pubertal rats while the preventive effects of melatonin were noted in pubertal and adult rats."	( Preventive effects of cyclosporine a combined with prednisolone and melatonin on contralateral testicular damage after ipsilateral torsion-detorsion in pubertal and adult rats. Baek, M; Choi, H; Choi, WS; Chung, JS; Hong, SK; Jeong, SJ, 2010)	0.79
"To evaluate the beneficial influence of melatonin in topical sunscreen emulsions combined with three common ultraviolet filters."	( In vivo and in vitro evaluation of the use of a newly developed melatonin loaded emulsion combined with UV filters as a protective agent against skin irradiation. Campmany, AC; Martínez, AR; Naveros, BC; Ramírez, ML; Sierra, AF, 2013)	0.9
" Melatonin permeation was higher from the emulsion containing melatonin combined with a mixture of three ultraviolet filters (MMIX) formulation."	( In vivo and in vitro evaluation of the use of a newly developed melatonin loaded emulsion combined with UV filters as a protective agent against skin irradiation. Campmany, AC; Martínez, AR; Naveros, BC; Ramírez, ML; Sierra, AF, 2013)	1.54
"The purpose of the study was to assess whether it is possible to reduce the oxidative damage using antioxidant agents combined with hormone replacement therapy after menopause."	( Effects of melatonin and dexpanthenol on antioxidant parameters when combined with estrogen treatment in ovariectomized rats. Ay, A; Ay, AA; Dost, T; Kafkas, S; Turgut, H; Turgut, O, 2013)	0.78
"This study investigated B16F10 melanoma cell death induced by melatonin combined with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway."	( Melatonin combined with endoplasmic reticulum stress induces cell death via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in B16F10 melanoma cells. Kim, HS; Kim, TJ; Yoo, YM, 2014)	2.09
" Drugs were selected based not only on the knowledge that the 6-hydroxylation of exogenous melatonin, its principal pathway of metabolism, is mainly mediated by hepatic CYP1A2, but also on the likelihood of the drug being concurrently administered with melatonin."	( Potential drug interactions with melatonin. Ioannides, C; Papagiannidou, E; Skene, DJ, 2014)	0.9
" In particular, melatonin combined with exercise dramatically decreased the expression of not only catabolic mediators but also cellular death markers with lower mineralization."	( Salutary effects of melatonin combined with treadmill exercise on cartilage damage. Chang, KT; Hong, Y; Jin, Y; Kim, H; Kim, K; Lee, S; Lee, SR; Lee, Y, 2014)	1.07
" They were randomized to sleep with or without earplugs and eye masks combined with 30-minute relaxing music during the postoperative nights in CSICU."	( Effects of earplugs and eye masks combined with relaxing music on sleep, melatonin and cortisol levels in ICU patients: a randomized controlled trial. Hegadoren, KM; Hu, RF; Jiang, XY; Zhang, YH, 2015)	0.65
"To evaluate the effects of melatonin (Mel) combined with cis-platinum (DDP) or methotrexate (MTX) on the proliferation of osteosarcoma cell line SaOS-2, and to explore whether Mel combined with DDP or MTX could play a synergistic antitumor effect."	( Effects of melatonin combined with Cis-platinum or methotrexate on the proliferation of osteosarcoma cell line SaOS-2. Wang, YP; Yang, ZP, 2015)	1.1
"SaOS-2 was treated with Mel alone or Mel combined with DDP or MTX."	( Effects of melatonin combined with Cis-platinum or methotrexate on the proliferation of osteosarcoma cell line SaOS-2. Wang, YP; Yang, ZP, 2015)	0.81
" The G1-stage cells were increased and the S-stage cells were reduced when the cells were treated with Mel (1 mmol/L) alone or combined with MTX (0."	( Effects of melatonin combined with Cis-platinum or methotrexate on the proliferation of osteosarcoma cell line SaOS-2. Wang, YP; Yang, ZP, 2015)	0.81
"ER+ breast cancer rat model was established and then rats were randomly divided into five different groups as follows: control group, Diss group, adriamycin (ADM) group, MLT group, and MLT combined with adriamycin (M+A) group."	( Protective and sensitive effects of melatonin combined with adriamycin on ER+ (estrogen receptor) breast cancer. Li, LX; Ma, C; Ma, T; Ma, ZQ; Xiang, C; Zhang, Y; Zhang, ZP, 2015)	0.69
"To explore the dynamics of hemostasis in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the combination with anxiety and depressive disorders (ADD) during therapy with valdoxan (agomelatine)."	( [An effect of valdoxan on the hemostasis in patients with acute coronary syndrome in the combination with anxiety and depressive disorders]. Petrova, MM; Piliugina, MS; Savchenko, AA; Shimohina, NY, 2015)	0.42
" We aimed to investigate the effects of lycopene (Lyc) alone or combined with melatonin (Mel) on Mtx- induced nephrotoxicity since both of these agents have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects."	( Effects of Lycopene Alone or Combined with Melatonin on Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats. Aksoy, N; Kocarslan, S; Oguz, E; Sezen, H; Tabur, S; Yilmaz, Z, 2015)	0.91
" We examined whether maternal melatonin therapy can prevent maternal high-fructose combined with post-weaning high-salt diet-induced programmed hypertension in adult offspring."	( Maternal Melatonin Therapy Attenuated Maternal High-Fructose Combined with Post-Weaning High-Salt Diets-Induced Hypertension in Adult Male Rat Offspring. Chan, JYH; Lee, WC; Leu, S; Tain, YL; Wu, KLH, 2018)	1.19
" This study compared the treatment outcome of SRP and its combination with Er:YAG laser and/or photobiomodulation on patients with severe periodontitis."	( Effectiveness of Er:YAG Laser Combined with Photobiomodulation on Periodontitis Based on 3-month Observation. Li, H; Wang, B; Yang, B; Zhang, P, 2022)	0.72
"Of the treatments tested here, SRP combined with Er:YAG laser irradiation and photobiomodulation had the best short-term outcome for severe periodontitis."	( Effectiveness of Er:YAG Laser Combined with Photobiomodulation on Periodontitis Based on 3-month Observation. Li, H; Wang, B; Yang, B; Zhang, P, 2022)	0.72
" The aim of our study was to assess the therapeutic properties of melatonin alone or in combination with interferon β-1b (IFNβ-1b) or glatiramer acetate (GA) on EAE."	( Beneficial Effect of Melatonin Alone or in Combination with Glatiramer Acetate and Interferon β-1b on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Benitez-King, G; Briones-Torres, AL; González-Ortíz, LJ; Ortíz, GG; Pacheco-Moisés, FP; Palacios-Magaña, CV, 2022)	1.28
"Propofol combined with remifentanil is the most common anesthesia method in laparoscopic hysteromyomectomy."	( Effect of Parecoxib Sodium Combined with Dexmedetomidine on Analgesia and Postoperative Pain of Patients Undergoing Hysteromyomectomy. Chen, Y; Hou, J; Liu, F; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Zhao, L; Zhao, Y, 2022)	0.72
"To determine the effect of parecoxib sodium combined with dexmedetomidine on analgesia and postoperative pain of patients undergoing hysteromyomectomy."	( Effect of Parecoxib Sodium Combined with Dexmedetomidine on Analgesia and Postoperative Pain of Patients Undergoing Hysteromyomectomy. Chen, Y; Hou, J; Liu, F; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Zhao, L; Zhao, Y, 2022)	0.72
" Among them, 35 patients treated with parecoxib sodium were assigned to the control group, while the rest 37 patients treated with parecoxib sodium combined with dexmedetomidine were assigned to the research group."	( Effect of Parecoxib Sodium Combined with Dexmedetomidine on Analgesia and Postoperative Pain of Patients Undergoing Hysteromyomectomy. Chen, Y; Hou, J; Liu, F; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Zhao, L; Zhao, Y, 2022)	0.72
"Parecoxib sodium combined with dexmedetomidine can effectively control the postoperative pain of patients undergoing hysteromyomectomy, reduce the incidence of agitation, and effectively control serum cortisol and melatonin in them."	( Effect of Parecoxib Sodium Combined with Dexmedetomidine on Analgesia and Postoperative Pain of Patients Undergoing Hysteromyomectomy. Chen, Y; Hou, J; Liu, F; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Zhao, L; Zhao, Y, 2022)	0.91
"We evaluated the effect of intradialytic concurrent (resistance-endurance) training combined with melatonin (MEL) supplementation on functional capacity, muscle strength, postural balance, and quality of life (QoL) in hemodialysis (HD) patients."	( Effects of intradialytic exercise in combination with melatonin supplementation on functional capacity, postural balance, and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Ayadi, F; Ben Dhia, I; Ben Hmida, M; Elleuch, MH; Ghroubi, S; Hammouda, O; Kammoun, K; Maaloul, R; Marzougui, H; Toumi, S; Turki, M, 2023)	1.38
" MEL supplementation combined with intradialytic exercise lead to better improvements in postural balance and QoL."	( Effects of intradialytic exercise in combination with melatonin supplementation on functional capacity, postural balance, and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Ayadi, F; Ben Dhia, I; Ben Hmida, M; Elleuch, MH; Ghroubi, S; Hammouda, O; Kammoun, K; Maaloul, R; Marzougui, H; Toumi, S; Turki, M, 2023)	1.16
" In our study, we evaluate the effect of melatonin on the diabetic retinal alterations in male albino rats to the effect of melatonin combined with stem cells."	( A comparative study between the possible protective role of melatonin versus its combination with adipose derived-mesenchymal stem cells on experimentally induced diabetic retinopathy in adult male albino rats (Histological and immunohistochemical study). Elsammak, GA; Elsayed, TG; Mostafa, SA; Reda, S, 2023)	1.42
" On the basis of previous reports, this study will further explore the effects and mechanisms of melatonin pretreatment, posttreatment, and combination with antibiotics in the treatment of sepsis and septic myocardial injury."	( Protection of melatonin treatment and combination with traditional antibiotics against septic myocardial injury. Di, W; Jin, Z; Lei, W; Liu, Q; Lu, C; Xu, X; Yang, W; Yang, Y; Zhang, S; Zhao, H, 2023)	1.49
" This article reviews the recent research on the use of melatonin in combination with therapeutic hypothermia for the treatment of neonatal HIE."	( [Research research on the use of melatonin in combination with therapeutic hypothermia for the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy]. Liu, YX; Xia, SW, 2023)	1.44

Bioavailability

Melatonin is well absorbed following oral administration and may alter serum sex hormone. Nanocapsules as active substances carriers increases stability, bioavailability and biodistribution of drugs, such as melatonin.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" A high hepatic extraction ratio was calculated, suggesting prominent first pass hepatic metabolism and reduced bioavailability for orally administered melatonin."	( Pharmacokinetics of melatonin in man: first pass hepatic metabolism. Lane, EA; Moss, HB, 1985)	0.79
" To determine the effects of TRP bioavailability on 6-SM, 11 healthy volunteers underwent active and sham TRP depletion in a randomized, double-blind fashion."	( Urinary 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate as a measure of melatonin secretion during acute tryptophan depletion. Heninger, GR; McDougle, CJ; Olcese, J; Price, LH; Schumacher, M; Zimmermann, RC, 1993)	0.63
"A review of the literature indicates that the absolute oral bioavailability of exogenous melatonin in humans or in preclinical animal models has not been adequately characterized; hence, this study was undertaken."	( Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of exogenous melatonin in preclinical animal models and clinical implications. Knipe, JO; McLaughlin, LG; Schabdach, D; Yeleswaram, K, 1997)	0.77
" The method is, therefore, found to be suitable for melatonin bioavailability studies in rabbits and presumably also in humans."	( High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of melatonin in human plasma and rabbit serum with on-line column enrichment. Bechgaard, E; Lindhardt, K; Martinsen, L, 1998)	0.8
" Penetration through skin after topical application and oral bioavailability auxit further investigations on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic actions of melatonin."	( [Melatonin in dermatology. Experimental and clinical aspects]. Elsner, P; Fischer, T; Wigger-Alberti, W, 1999)	1.41
"The bioavailability of melatonin in rabbits after nasal administration of two formulations has been studied."	( Intranasal absorption of melatonin in vivo bioavailability study. Bechgaard, E; Lindhardt, K; Martinsen, L, 1999)	0.92
" These results are consistent with previous work highlighting the importance of aberrant amine production in neurological disease and demonstrate that treatments that reduce endogenous melatonin bioavailability can ameliorate experimental PD."	( A therapeutic role for melatonin antagonism in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. Armstrong, SM; Willis, GL, 1999)	0.81
"Transdermal delivery of melatonin would be advantageous in the treatment of sleep disorders considering the short biological half-life of melatonin and its variable bioavailability via the oral route."	( Effect of fatty acids on the permeation of melatonin across rat and pig skin in-vitro and on the transepidermal water loss in rats in-vivo. Andega, S; Kandimalla, K; Kanikkannan, N; Singh, M, 1999)	0.87
"Melatonin has been implicated in several neurotropic effects, but few studies have investigated the bioavailability of melatonin in the brain."	( High melatonin concentrations in third ventricular cerebrospinal fluid are not due to Galen vein blood recirculating through the choroid plexus. Malpaux, B; Skinner, DC, 1999)	2.26
"Melatonin is well absorbed following oral administration and may alter serum sex hormone concentrations."	( Effect of oral melatonin administration on sex hormone, prolactin, and thyroid hormone concentrations in adult dogs. Ashley, PF; Bailey, EM; Frank, LA; Oliver, JW; Schmeitzel, LP, 1999)	2.1
"This study showed an increase in the bioavailability of oral melatonin by coadministration of fluvoxamine."	( Increased bioavailability of oral melatonin after fluvoxamine coadministration. Grözinger, M; Härtter, S; Hiemke, C; Röschke, J; Weigmann, H, 2000)	0.83
"The absolute bioavailability of oral melatonin tablets was studied in 12 normal healthy volunteers."	( The absolute bioavailability of oral melatonin. Bertino, JS; Blask, DE; DeMuro, RL; Menhinick, AM; Nafziger, AN, 2000)	0.85
"Absolute bioavailability of the neurohormone melatonin (MLT) was studied in 12 young healthy volunteers (six males, six females) after administration at midday, on two separate occasions, of 23 microg by intravenous (i."	( Bioavailability of melatonin in humans after day-time administration of D(7) melatonin. Brisson, AM; Decourt, JP; Fourtillan, JB; Girault, J; Gobin, P; Ingrand, I, 2000)	0.9
"To increase the bioavailability of melatonin (MT), MT gelatin microspheres (MT-GMS) for intranasal administration were prepared."	( [Studies on melatonin gelatin microspheres for intranasal administration]. Bi, DZ; Chen, JM; Mao, SR, 2000)	0.96
" Furthermore the bioavailability in rabbits was examined for evaluating MT-GMS."	( [Studies on melatonin gelatin microspheres for intranasal administration]. Bi, DZ; Chen, JM; Mao, SR, 2000)	0.69
" After intranasal administration in rabbits, the bioavailability of MT-GMS was 87."	( [Studies on melatonin gelatin microspheres for intranasal administration]. Bi, DZ; Chen, JM; Mao, SR, 2000)	0.69
"MT-GMS prepared could meet the needs of intranasal administration, and could increase the bioavailability of MT."	( [Studies on melatonin gelatin microspheres for intranasal administration]. Bi, DZ; Chen, JM; Mao, SR, 2000)	0.69
"The results of this study revealed a pronounced effect of caffeine on the bioavailability of orally given melatonin, most probably due to inhibition of CYP1A2 activity."	( Effects of caffeine intake on the pharmacokinetics of melatonin, a probe drug for CYP1A2 activity. Bertilsson, L; Härtter, S; Laine, K; Nordmark, A; Rose, DM; Tybring, G, 2003)	0.78
" Compound 16 was identified as an orally bioavailable agonist at MT(1) and MT(2) melatonin receptors with low vasoconstrictive activity."	( Heterocyclic aminopyrrolidine derivatives as melatoninergic agents. Chen, J; Deskus, JA; Epperson, JR; Hodges, DB; Iben, L; Li, WS; Luo, G; Mahle, CD; Mattson, RJ; Molstad, D; Ortiz, A; Ryan, E; Sun, LQ; Takaki, K; Xu, C; Yeleswaram, K, 2003)	0.8
" The absorption rate was rapid (T(max) min), and the absolute bioavailability was high, 84."	( Intranasal administration of melatonin starch microspheres. Bi, D; Chen, J; Liu, H; Mao, S; Wei, Z, 2004)	0.61
"N-[2-[2-(4-Phenylbutyl)benzofuran-4-yl]cyclopropylmethyl]acetamide 3a was synthesized as an orally bioavailable agonist at MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors with significantly low vasoconstrictive activity."	( N-[2-[2-(4-Phenylbutyl)benzofuran-4-yl]cyclopropylmethyl]acetamide: an orally bioavailable melatonin receptor agonist. Chen, J; Iben, L; Knipe, JO; Mahle, CD; Pajor, L; Ryan, E; Sun, LQ; Takaki, K; Xu, C, 2004)	0.75
" Because enhanced oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the aging process and chronic diseases associated with senescence, the adminstration of a potent amphiphilic antioxidant agent with high bioavailability such as melatonin may become a promising, safe, and effective intervention strategy to slow aging and the initiation and progression of age-related disorders."	( Melatonin, aging, and age-related diseases: perspectives for prevention, intervention, and therapy. Poeggeler, B, 2005)	1.96
"Isolated pineal glands of Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) were continuously perifused by Krebs-Ringer buffer, stimulated with the beta-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol to induce melatonin synthesis, and exposed for 7 hr to a 1800 MHz continuous wave (CW) or pulsed GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications)-modulated electromagnetic signal at specific absorption rate (SAR) rates of 8, 80, 800, and 2700 mW/kg."	( 1800 MHz electromagnetic field effects on melatonin release from isolated pineal glands. Bitz, AK; Hansen, VW; Lerchl, A; Streckert, JR; Sukhotina, I, 2006)	0.79
" On this pretense, attempts to reduce the bioavailability of melatonin using a melatonin receptor antagonist have been found to completely restore behavioral and regulatory function in the presence of chronically reduced levels of dopamine, without producing side effects commonly seen with traditional dopamine replacement therapy."	( The role of ML-23 and other melatonin analogues in the treatment and management of Parkinson's disease. Willis, GL, 2005)	0.86
" These findings demonstrate that endogenous melatonin protects exogenous L-DOPA from autoxidation in the extracellular compartment of the striatum of freely moving rats; moreover, systemic co-administration of melatonin with L-DOPA markedly increases striatal L-DOPA bioavailability in control as well as in melatonin-depleted rats."	( Endogenous melatonin protects L-DOPA from autoxidation in the striatal extracellular compartment of the freely moving rat: potential implication for long-term L-DOPA therapy in Parkinson's disease. Desole, MS; Esposito, G; Marchetti, B; Miele, E; Migheli, R; Rocchitta, G; Serra, PA, 2006)	0.98
" Moreover, in animal models, interventions that increase the bioavailability of melatonin appears to increase the severity of parkinsonian symptoms, whereas reduction in melatonin by pinealectomy or exposure to bright light can enhance recovery from parkinsonisms symptoms."	( Circulating melatonin levels: possible link between Parkinson's disease and cancer risk? Chen, H; Ritz, B; Schernhammer, E, 2006)	0.94
"Reduction in the synthesis or bioavailability of nitric oxide plays a significant role in the development of myocardial infarction and hypertension."	( Nitric oxide synthase inhibition in rats: melatonin reduces blood pressure and ischemia/reperfusion-induced infarct size. Aksulu, HE; Deniz, E; Sahna, E, 2006)	0.6
"Pretreatment with melatonin increased NO bioavailability and decreased endothelin expression, and consequently played a protective role in preserving both liver function and structure during ischemia and reperfusion injury."	( Melatonin abates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury by improving the balance between nitric oxide and endothelin. Li, JY; Zhang, WH; Zhou, Y, 2006)	2.11
" In the current review, we focus on melatonin metabolism which includes the synthetic rate-limiting enzymes, synthetic sites, potential regulatory mechanisms, bioavailability in humans, mechanisms of breakdown and functions of its metabolites."	( One molecule, many derivatives: a never-ending interaction of melatonin with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species? Flores, LJ; Manchester, LC; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX; Terron, MP, 2007)	0.85
"Enhanced oxidative stress and impairments in nitric oxide synthesis and bioavailability are of considerable importance in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular diseases."	( Melatonin attenuates metabolic disorders due to streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Bryszewska, M; Kubyshin, VL; Lapshina, EA; Maksimchik, YZ; Reiter, RJ; Sudnikovich, EJ; Zabrodskaya, SV; Zavodnik, IB, 2007)	1.78
" Special attention has been paid to the advantageous characteristics of melatonin as a neuroprotective drug: bioavailability into brain cells and cellular organelles targeted by morpho-functional derangement; effectiveness in exerting several neuroprotective actions, which can be amplified and prolonged by its metabolites, through direct and indirect antioxidant activity; prevention and reversal of mitochondrial malfunction, reducing inflammation, derangement of cytoskeleton organization, and pro-apoptotic cell signaling; lack of interference with thrombolytic and neuroprotective actions of other drugs; and an adequate safety profile."	( Melatonin and ischemia-reperfusion injury of the brain. Cervantes, M; Letechipía-Vallejo, G; Moralí, G, 2008)	2.02
" In conclusion, in acute stress an increase in the bioavailability of melatonin could contribute to maintaining homeostatic balance."	( Serum melatonin concentration in the child with non-organic failure to thrive: comparison with other types of stress. Contreras-Chova, F; Del Carmen Augustin-Morales, M; Galdó-Muñoz, G; Molina-Carballo, A; Muñoz-Hoyos, A; Ruiz-Alba, M; Uberos, J, )	0.85
"Melatonin was shown to reduce blood pressure, oxidative load and to increase nitric oxide bioavailability predisposing melatonin to have antiremodelling potential."	( Effect of melatonin, captopril, spironolactone and simvastatin on blood pressure and left ventricular remodelling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Adamcova, M; Bednarova, K; Krajcirovicova, K; Mullerova, M; Paulis, L; Pechanova, O; Pelouch, V; Simko, F, 2009)	2.2
" It is proposed that by modifying the cellular redox state, caffeine ultimately reduces the pool of reactive oxygen species, thereby increasing the bioavailability of endogenous melatonin for interaction with zolpidem."	( The paradox of caffeine-zolpidem interaction: a network analysis. Myslobodsky, M, 2009)	0.55
" In this study, we exposed primary cultured cortical neurons to pulsed RF electromagnetic fields at a frequency of 1800 MHz modulated by 217 Hz at an average special absorption rate (SAR) of 2 W/kg."	( Exposure to 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation induces oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA in primary cultured neurons. Chen, C; Chen, Y; He, M; Li, M; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Xu, S; Yu, Z; Zhang, G; Zhang, L; Zhang, W; Zhong, M; Zhou, Z, 2010)	0.36
" Despite the critical illness, the oral bioavailability was satisfactory: serum levels after oral administration showed basically unchanged intestinal absorption, while disappearance rate was slower than reported elsewhere in healthy volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetics of orally administered melatonin in critically ill patients. DeMartini, G; Dozio, E; Esposti, R; Figini, MA; Fraschini, F; Iapichino, G; Magni, P; Mistraletti, G; Reiter, RJ; Rezzani, R; Ruscica, M; Sabbatini, G; Taverna, M; Umbrello, M, 2010)	0.63
"Electromagnetic fields are recognized as hazards that affect testicular function by generating reactive oxygen species and reduce the bioavailability of androgen to maturing spermatozoa."	( The therapeutic effect of a pulsed electromagnetic field on the reproductive patterns of male Wistar rats exposed to a 2.45-GHz microwave field. Behari, J; Kesari, KK; Kumar, S, 2011)	0.37
" Owing to aldose reductase pharmacophore requirements for an acidic proton, most aldose reductase inhibitors contain an acetic acid moiety, ionized at physiological pH, resulting in poor bioavailability of the drugs."	( (2-Benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-8-yl)-acetic acid: an aldose reductase inhibitor and antioxidant of zwitterionic nature. Juskova, M; Milackova, I; Snirc, V; Stefek, M; Triantos, N; Tsantili-Kakoulidou, A, 2011)	0.37
" Contrasting with this dichotomy in photoperiodic input pathways, downstream signal processing to produce switch-like seasonal responses is largely conserved and appears to center on photoperiodic control of thyroid hormone bioavailability within the hypothalamus."	( The evolutionary physiology of photoperiodism in vertebrates. Hazlerigg, D, 2012)	0.38
" This model also reproduces blood concentration profiles of various melatonin preparations that differ only in absorption rate and percentage degradation by first-pass hepatic metabolism."	( A mathematical model of the circadian phase-shifting effects of exogenous melatonin. Breslow, ER; Huang, JM; Klerman, EB; Phillips, AJ; St Hilaire, MA, 2013)	0.86
"Peripheral blood samples from four healthy volunteers were collected and aliquots were exposed in vitro for 2 h to either (i) modulated (wideband code division multiple access, WCDMA) or unmodulated continuous wave (CW) 2450 MHz radiofrequency (RF) fields at an average specific absorption rate of 10."	( Incidence of micronuclei in human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to modulated and unmodulated 2450 MHz radiofrequency fields. McIntosh, RL; McKenzie, RJ; Prihoda, TJ; Reddy, AB; Wood, AW, 2013)	0.39
" In isolated neonatal coronary arteries, endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability was reduced in IUGR, and was rescued by modest melatonin treatment."	( Maternal melatonin administration mitigates coronary stiffness and endothelial dysfunction, and improves heart resilience to insult in growth restricted lambs. Coleman, HA; Jenkin, G; Lim, R; Miller, SL; Parkington, HC; Sutherland, AE; Tare, M; Wallace, EM; Yawno, T, 2014)	1.02
"Oral bioavailability is one of the most important properties in drug design and development."	( Soft gel capsules improve melatonin's bioavailability in humans. Bizzarri, M; Carlomagno, G; Dinicola, S; Proietti, S, 2014)	0.7
" PK profiles were obtained by analysis of melatonin plasma concentration, and the respective melatonin bioavailability was compared."	( Soft gel capsules improve melatonin's bioavailability in humans. Bizzarri, M; Carlomagno, G; Dinicola, S; Proietti, S, 2014)	0.97
"Melatonin soft gel capsule form showed similar PK parameters compared with the highest doses of melatonin in powder form, but its bioavailability was improved."	( Soft gel capsules improve melatonin's bioavailability in humans. Bizzarri, M; Carlomagno, G; Dinicola, S; Proietti, S, 2014)	2.15
"Soft gel capsules improved the bioavailability of melatonin in humans even when administered dose was reduced."	( Soft gel capsules improve melatonin's bioavailability in humans. Bizzarri, M; Carlomagno, G; Dinicola, S; Proietti, S, 2014)	0.96
" To enhance the bioavailability of melatonin, we applied liposomal melatonin."	( Liposomal melatonin rescues methamphetamine-elicited mitochondrial burdens, pro-apoptosis, and dopaminergic degeneration through the inhibition PKCδ gene. Cho, HJ; Dang, DK; Hong, JS; Jang, CG; Jeong, JH; Kim, HC; Lee, J; Lee, JC; Nabeshima, T; Nam, Y; Nguyen, TT; Nguyen, XK; Park, DH; Shin, EJ, 2015)	1.1
" Melatonin has very low toxicity, but some pharmacokinetic issues, such as limited oral bioavailability and short half-life, limit its tissue availability."	( Therapeutic uses of melatonin and melatonin derivatives: a patent review (2012 - 2014). Bedini, A; Pala, D; Rivara, S; Spadoni, G, 2015)	1.65
" This was associated with an enhanced nitric oxide-dependent and nitric oxide independent vasodilator components and with increased nitric oxide bioavailability in lung tissue."	( Melatonin reduces oxidative stress and improves vascular function in pulmonary hypertensive newborn sheep. Chubretovic, M; Ebensperger, G; González-Candia, A; Herrera, EA; Llanos, AJ; Montt, C; Reyes, RV; Serón-Ferré, M; Torres, F, 2015)	1.86
" Such properties demonstrate the potential for nanoparticles to provide an extended pre-corneal residence time of melatonin, ensuring higher eye-related bioavailability and extended intraocular pressure reduction compared to melatonin in both aqueous and micelle solutions."	( Evaluation of cationic nanosystems with melatonin using an eye-related bioavailability prediction model. Cetina-Čižmek, B; Filipović-Grčić, J; Hafner, A; Juretić, M; Lovrić, J; Pepić, I; Romić, MD, 2015)	0.89
" Bioavailability of oral melatonin ranged from 9 to 33%."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of melatonin: a systematic review. Andersen, LP; Gögenur, I; Harpsøe, NG; Rosenberg, J, 2015)	1.01
" Bioavailability of oral melatonin was approximately 15%."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of melatonin: a systematic review. Andersen, LP; Gögenur, I; Harpsøe, NG; Rosenberg, J, 2015)	1.01
"The therapeutic use of melatonin is limited by its short biological half-life (15-20 mins), its poor oral bioavailability and its central effects in reducing wakefulness."	( Alternative methods for feline fertility control: Use of melatonin to suppress reproduction. Kutzler, MA, 2015)	0.97
" The patients administered melatonin had a mean clearance, volume of distribution and absorption rate constant of melatonin was 55."	( Pharmacokinetics of a novel dosing regimen of oral melatonin in critically ill patients. Appadurai, V; Bellapart, J; Boots, RJ; Nuñez-Nuñez, M; Roberts, JA; Wallis, SC, 2016)	0.98
"5 mg demonstrates good oral bioavailability and results in supra-physiological and sustained concentrations of serum melatonin during 12 h overnight."	( Pharmacokinetics of a novel dosing regimen of oral melatonin in critically ill patients. Appadurai, V; Bellapart, J; Boots, RJ; Nuñez-Nuñez, M; Roberts, JA; Wallis, SC, 2016)	0.9
"Although melatonin exhibits oncostatic properties such as antiproliferative effects, the oral bioavailability of this hormone is less than 20%."	( The Effect of Melatonin Adsorbed to Polyethylene Glycol Microspheres on the Survival of MCF-7 Cells. Fernandes, RT; França, EL; Honorio-França, AC; Marins, CM; Pereira, CC; Varotti, Fde P, 2016)	1.21
" Intranasal administration exhibited a quick absorption rate and high bioavailability."	( Pharmacokinetics of Alternative Administration Routes of Melatonin: A Systematic Review. Andersen, LP; Rosenberg, J; Zetner, D, 2016)	0.68
" The potential sensitivity of developing organism to the effects of radiofrequency (RF) signals, the higher estimated specific absorption rate (SAR) values of children and greater lifetime cumulative risk raised the scientific interest for children's vulnerability to electromagnetic fields (EMFs)."	( The Effects of Electromagnetic Field on the Endocrine System in Children and Adolescents. Büyükgebiz, A; Çömlekçi, S; Dündar, B; Sangün, Ö, 2015)	0.42
" However, information on its bioavailability after consumption is lacking."	( Intake of bean sprouts influences melatonin and antioxidant capacity biomarker levels in rats. Aguilera, Y; Arribas, SM; Cayuelas, LT; de Pablo, ÁL; Herrera, T; Martin-Cabrejas, MA; Rebollo-Hernanz, M; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, P, 2016)	0.71
" The pharmacokinetic variables: k a, t 1/2 absorption, t max, C max, t 1/2 elimination, AUC 0-∞, and bioavailability were determined for oral melatonin."	( Pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous melatonin in healthy volunteers. Andersen, LP; Fuglsang, H; Gögenur, I; Harpsøe, NG; Rosenberg, J; Rosenkilde, MM; Werner, MU, 2016)	0.9
" Bioavailability of oral melatonin was only 3 %."	( Pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous melatonin in healthy volunteers. Andersen, LP; Fuglsang, H; Gögenur, I; Harpsøe, NG; Rosenberg, J; Rosenkilde, MM; Werner, MU, 2016)	1
", ip) indicate that the liver is the primary site of biotransformation of the compound, suggesting that both 22a and its metabolite(s) are active, compensating probably low bioavailability of the parent molecule."	( Design, physico-chemical properties and biological evaluation of some new N-[(phenoxy)alkyl]- and N-{2-[2-(phenoxy)ethoxy]ethyl}aminoalkanols as anticonvulsant agents. Bednarski, M; Gunia-Krzyżak, A; Marona, H; Nitek, W; Pękala, E; Powroźnik, B; Słoczyńska, K; Walczak, M; Waszkielewicz, AM; Żesławska, E, 2016)	0.43
" In vivo and in vitro studies have been performed showing that the use of nanocapsules as active substances carriers increases stability, bioavailability and biodistribution of drugs, such as melatonin, to the cells and tissues, improving their antioxidant properties."	( Effects of Two Types of Melatonin-Loaded Nanocapsules with Distinct Supramolecular Structures: Polymeric (NC) and Lipid-Core Nanocapsules (LNC) on Bovine Embryo Culture Model. Basso, AC; Beck, RC; Bordignon, V; Campos, VF; Collares, T; Deschamps, JC; Domingues, WB; Guterres, SS; Jornada, DS; Komninou, ER; Lucas, CG; Pohlmann, AR; Remião, MH; Seixas, FK, 2016)	0.93
" Chemical modification of the melatonin structure can in-crease efficiency, bioavailability and selectivity of these analogs."	( [Novel agonists of melatonin receptors as promising hypotensive and neuroprotective agents for therapy of glaucoma]. Beznos, OV; Chesnokova, NB; Grigoryev, AV; Lozinskaya, NA; Volkova, MS; Zaryanova, EV; Zefirov, NA, 2017)	1.07
"Presystemic elimination resulting from local enzymatic degradation can play a key role in limiting the bioavailability of intranasally administered drugs."	( Modulating nasal mucosal permeation using metabolic saturation and enzyme inhibition techniques. Dhamankar, V; Donovan, MD, 2017)	0.46
" The extent of biotransformation of melatonin during its transport across the nasal mucosal explants suggests that, although the nasal route bypasses hepatic first-pass metabolism, nasal bioavailability can be significantly influenced by mucosal enzymatic activity."	( Modulating nasal mucosal permeation using metabolic saturation and enzyme inhibition techniques. Dhamankar, V; Donovan, MD, 2017)	0.73
" Increasing bioavailability of melatonin in the brain may improve outcomes during cholestatic liver disease."	( Melatonin inhibits hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone release and reduces biliary hyperplasia and fibrosis in cholestatic rats. Alpini, G; DeMorrow, S; Giang, T; Glaser, S; Grant, S; Greene, JF; Jefferson, B; Kyritsi, K; McMillin, M; Meng, F; Venter, J; Wu, N; Zhou, T, 2017)	2.18
" Accordingly, this work indicates that mPEG-b-PPS-NPs show potential as an ROS-mediated on-demand drug delivery system for improving Mel bioavailability and treating oxidative stress-associated diseases such as sepsis-induced acute liver injury."	( Reactive oxygen species-responsive polymeric nanoparticles for alleviating sepsis-induced acute liver injury in mice. Chen, G; Deng, H; Dong, A; Lu, M; Song, X; Xia, S; You, G; Zhang, Y; Zhao, J; Zhao, L; Zhou, H, 2017)	0.46
" Further drug-like property analysis demonstrated that the optimized compound, 8d (WI-1758), had liver microsomal metabolic stability, was well tolerated (>2000 mg/kg), and had a rational pharmacokinetic profile, as well as an oral bioavailability of 14."	( Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Orally Bioavailable Quinoline-Indole Derivatives as Innovative Multitarget-Directed Ligands: Promotion of Cell Proliferation in the Adult Murine Hippocampus for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Chan, ASC; Feng, X; Hu, J; Huang, L; Li, X; Wang, Z; Yang, X, 2018)	0.48
" It has been postulated that melatonin induces specific biochemical responses that regulate cell proliferation in fetuses, and that its antioxidant action promotes bioavailability of nitric oxide and, thus, placental perfusion and also fetal nutrition and oxygenation."	( Melatonin treatment in fetal and neonatal diseases. Bernardes, N; de Paula Antunes Teixeira, V; Dos Reis, MA; Etchebehere, RM; Galvão Petrini, C; Gonçalves Dos Reis Monteiro, ML; Machado, JR; Meirelles, MF; Miranda Corrêa, RR; Penna Rocha, L; Rodrigues Helmo, F; Souza de Oliveira Guimarães, C, 2018)	2.21
" μE-TD presented a delayed time-to-peak blood concentration (4 hours), a lower bioavailability (AUC: 3142 [1344-14573] pg/mL*hours) and reached pharmacological peak concentration (388 [132-1583] pg/mL)."	( Different routes and formulations of melatonin in critically ill patients. A pharmacokinetic randomized study. Chiumello, D; Coppola, S; Finati, E; Froio, S; Gasco, P; Iapichino, G; Manca, D; Mistraletti, G; Moro Salihovic, B; Paroni, R; Reiter, RJ; Savoca, A; Umbrello, M, 2019)	0.79
"SLN-melatonin enterally administered offers favourable pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients, with higher bioavailability with respect to the standard formulation; μE-TD provided effective pharmacological blood levels, with a time-concentration profile more similar to the physiological melatonin pattern."	( Different routes and formulations of melatonin in critically ill patients. A pharmacokinetic randomized study. Chiumello, D; Coppola, S; Finati, E; Froio, S; Gasco, P; Iapichino, G; Manca, D; Mistraletti, G; Moro Salihovic, B; Paroni, R; Reiter, RJ; Savoca, A; Umbrello, M, 2019)	1.34
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
" In conclusion, developed microspheres bear the potential to ensure prolonged melatonin retention at the nasal mucosa, improved bioavailability and advanced therapeutic outcome."	( Development, characterisation and nasal deposition of melatonin-loaded pectin/hypromellose microspheres. Erak, I; Gretić, M; Hafner, A; Jug, M; Nižić, L; Potaś, J; Szekalska, M; Winnicka, K, 2020)	1.03
" However, melatonin presents variable, low bioavailability and a short half-life."	( Melatonin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules protect against lipid peroxidation caused by paraquat through increased SOD expression in Caenorhabditis elegans. Brucker, N; Charão, MF; Eifler-Lima, VL; Garcia, SC; Goethel, G; Guterres, SS; Paese, K; Pohlmann, AR, 2019)	2.36
" The multiple neuroprotective roles of dopamine and melatonin are often demonstrated separately; however, this approach suffers from low and short bioavailability and is associated with side-effects upon overdosing."	( Melatonin/polydopamine nanostructures for collective neuroprotection-based Parkinson's disease therapy. Karmakar, S; Roy Choudhury, S; Srivastava, AK, 2020)	2.25
" However, information on the bioavailability of food sources of melatonin is still scarce."	( Relationship between food consumption and improvements in circulating melatonin in humans: an integrative review. Aguiar, AS; Gomes Domingos, AL; Pereira, GA, 2022)	1.19
"The debate on the biological effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) still continues due to differences in the design of studies (frequency, power density, specific absorption rate [SAR], exposure duration, cell, tissue, or animal type)."	( Effects of 2600 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation in Brain Tissue of Male Wistar Rats and Neuroprotective Effects of Melatonin. Delen, K; Kuzay, D; Oruç, S; Seymen, CM; Sırav, B; Take Kaplanoğlu, G; Yeğin, K, 2021)	0.83
" This review evaluates the bioavailability of melatonin and resulting metabolites, the presence of melatonin in wine and beer and factors that influence it, and finally the different benefits related to treatment with melatonin."	( Melatonin in Wine and Beer: Beneficial Effects. Arcusa, R; Marhuenda, J; Villaño, D; Zafrilla, P, 2021)	2.32
" However, the use of melatonin as a therapeutic is limited by its low oral bioavailability and short half-life."	( Enhanced anti-angiogenic activity of novel melatonin-like agents. Hwang, SJ; Jung, Y; Lee, HJ; Park, S; Park, Y; Song, YS, 2021)	1.2
" High variability in bioavailability among subjects calls for dose optimization."	( Assessing the potential for drug interactions and long term safety of melatonin for the treatment of insomnia in children with autism spectrum disorder. Zisapel, N, 2022)	0.96
"Transdermal drug delivery system is a preferable choice to overcome the low bioavailability of oral medication."	( Application and Efficacy of Melatonin Elastic Liposomes in Photoaging Mice. Cong, Y; Hao, J; Hou, X; Qiu, X; Song, S; Wang, Y, 2022)	1.02
" Improving the mucoadhesiveness is a proposed strategy to increase the bioavailability of topical formulations."	( Melatonin loaded hybrid nanomedicine: DoE approach, optimization and in vitro study on diabetic retinopathy model. Bonaccorso, A; Bucolo, C; Caggia, C; Carbone, C; Daniela Anfuso, C; Giurdanella, G; Lupo, G; Musumeci, T; Pignatello, R; Randazzo, C; Rizzo, M; Romano, GL; Romeo, A; Ruozi, B; Russo, N; Thomas Duskey, J; Tosi, G, 2022)	2.16
" An alternative is the use of polymeric nanoparticle formulations associated with melatonin to increase its bioavailability and therapeutic dose at sites of interest."	( A Revision of Polymeric Nanoparticles as a Strategy to Improve the Biological Activity of Melatonin. Amaral, AC; do Carmo Neto, JR; Franco, PIR; Machado, JR; Miguel, MP; Rocha, VL, 2023)	1.36
" The search for low-toxic compounds as potential melatonin agonists with higher stability and bioavailability than melatonin itself could start only from knowing the molecular basis of melatonergic activity."	( Structural Basis for Agonistic Activity and Selectivity toward Melatonin Receptors Amato, R; Cammalleri, M; Canovai, A; Cantarini, M; Galeazzi, R; Giorgini, G; Laudadio, E; Minnelli, C; Mobbili, G; Monte, MD; Rusciano, D, 2023)	1.4
" Precise recalibration of interspecies melatonin dosages that account for differences in metabolic rates and bioavailability will ensure the efficacious reinstatement of the once-powerful ancient synergy between light, water, and melatonin in a modern world."	( Light, Water, and Melatonin: The Synergistic Regulation of Phase Separation in Dementia. Loh, D; Reiter, RJ, 2023)	1.51
" Additionally, due to its variable absorption and poor oral bioavailability necessitates the development of alternative delivery methods."	( Therapeutic effect of melatonin-loaded chitosan/lecithin nanoparticles on hyperglycemia and pancreatic beta cells regeneration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Abdelaziz, M; Alaa, H; El-Karamany, Y; Farid, A; Magdy, S; Mansour, M; Mohsen, S; Mustafa, M, 2023)	1.22
" Consequently, an alternative administration route is needed to improve bioavailability and establish the optimal dosage of melatonin for cancer treatment."	( Intratumoral injection of melatonin enhances tumor regression in cell line-derived and patient-derived xenografts of head and neck cancer by increasing mitochondrial oxidative stress. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Carriel, V; Escames, G; Fernández-Gil, BI; Fernández-Martínez, J; Florido, J; García-Tárraga, P; Garcia-Verdugo, JM; González-García, P; Guerra-Librero, A; López-Rodríguez, A; Martinez-Ruiz, L; Oppel, F; Rodriguez-Santana, C; Rusanova, I; Sánchez-Porras, D; Sudhoff, H; Ten-Steve, A, 2023)	1.42

Dosage Studied

Melatonin was not effective in attenuating alcohol-induced loss of Purkinje cells in our neonatal rat model system. Such a dosage of melatonin is capable of reversing free radical-induced damage in other tissues.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Daily administration of the same dosage of melatonin at 2400 and 0100 h failed to interrupt estrous cyclicity or reduce testis weight."	( Effect of melatonin administered during the night on reproductive function in the Syrian hamster. Goldman, BD; Hollister, CW; Lefebvre, NG; Tamarkin, L, 1977)	0.92
" At a maximum dosage of 1 g daily no impairment of H-P-A function was detected."	( Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal function in Parkinsonian patients treated with melatonin. Shaw, KM, )	0.36
" The results demonstrate that melatonin can exert either pro- or antigonadal effects and emphasize that the effects of melatonin on the testis cannot be properly assessed unless account is taken of the dosage and mode of melatonin administration and the photoperiod on which experimental animals are maintained."	( Melatonin: antigonadal and progonadal effects in male golden hamsters. Desjardins, C; Menaker, M; Turek, FW, 1975)	1.99
"The minimal dosage of melatonin required to inhibit pineal antigonad otropic activity was ascertained in blinded male golden hamsters."	( Studies on the minimal dosage of melatonin required to inhibit pineal antigonadotrophic activity in male golden hamsters. Reiter, RJ; Vaughan, MK; Waring, PJ, 1975)	0.85
" Administration of 5-hydroxytryptophol or 5-methoxytryptamine at the same dosage inhibited ovarian but not uterine hypertrophy in mice pre-treated with HCG."	( Inhibition of human chorionic gonadotrophin-induced hypertrophy of the ovaries and uterus in immature mice by some pineal indoles, 6-hydroxymelatonin and arginine vasotocin. Reiter, RJ; Vaughan, GM; Vaughan, MK, 1976)	0.46
" Treatments (n = 7 ewes per treatment) commenced on 1 May and comprised daily oral dosing at 15:00 h with 3 mg melatonin dissolved in water and ethanol (4:1, v/v) for 30, 60, 90, 120 or 150 days."	( Effect of duration of melatonin treatment on the onset and duration of oestrous cyclicity in ewes. Aitken, RP; Robinson, JJ; Wallace, JM; Wigzell, S, 1992)	0.81
" The brown adipose tissue enzyme T4 5'-deiodinase demonstrated an increased activity in the presence of NMDA, with the lowest dosage eliciting the most significant effect."	( N-methyl-D-aspartate does not prevent effects of melatonin on the reproductive and thyroid axes of male Syrian hamsters. Hoover, PA; Little, JC; Reiter, RJ; Vaughan, MK, 1992)	0.54
" Neither adrenergic dose-response studies, adrenergic antagonist studies nor experiments in which alpha- and beta-agonists were added together provided any evidence for a positive alpha/beta synergism on either MEL release or cAMP accumulation by bovine pinealocytes."	( Bovine pinealocytes in monolayer culture: studies on the adrenergic regulation of melatonin secretion. Olcese, J; Rüppel, R, 1991)	0.51
" MEL was administered in a dosage of 300 mg to 12 women for 4 months [to 8 women daily (days 1-30) and to 4 women on days 5-17 of the cycle]."	( Melatonin and melatonin-progestin combinations alter pituitary-ovarian function in women and can inhibit ovulation. Alberda, BT; Cohen, M; de Jong, FH; Drogendijk, AC; Euser, R; Fauser, BC; Verdonk, RE; Voordouw, BC, 1992)	1.73
" There was a suggestion of a dose-response relationship."	( Melatonin therapy of advanced human malignant melanoma. Balmer, C; Cohn, A; Daniel, C; Ferguson, JA; Gonzalez, R; Robinson, WA; Sanchez, A, )	1.57
" Pinealectomized chickens were injected daily with a melatonin dosage increased over 4 consecutive weeks (the dosage was 10, 13, 16, and 20 ng per bird daily during the 4 weeks, respectively; MEL I) at the beginning of darkness."	( Pineal influence on the diurnal rhythm of nonspecific immunity indices in chickens. Jagura, M; Rosołowska-Huszcz, D; Skwarło-Sońta, K; Stepień, D; Thaela, MJ, 1991)	0.53
" The melatonin dosage in one group was raised (10, 13, 16, and 20 ng per bird daily, respectively) during four consecutive weeks."	( Effect of dose and time of melatonin injections on the diurnal rhythm of immunity in chicken. Głuchowska, B; Jagura, M; Skwarło-Sońta, K; Stepień, D; Thaela, MJ, 1991)	1.09
" Melatonin at this dosage (5 mg/day) or at these two times is therefore not a potential alternative treatment for SAD; light remains the therapy of choice."	( Morning or night-time melatonin is ineffective in seasonal affective disorder. Aldhous, M; Arendt, J; Gisin, B; Graw, P; Kräuchi, K; Pöldinger, W; Wirz-Justice, A, 1990)	1.5
" We investigated melatonin's effect on the anchorage-independent growth of MCF-7 cells as well as the dose-response characteristics of this indoleamine under clonogenic culture conditions."	( Effects of the pineal hormone melatonin on the anchorage-independent growth of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) in a clonogenic culture system. Blask, DE; Cos, S, 1990)	0.91
" While a dose-response trend was observed in each of the norepinephrine and epinephrine trials, there appeared to be a progressive diminution of this relationship in melatonin between intensities."	( Melatonin response to exercise training in women. Bullen, BA; McArthur, JW; Peachey, SE; Reppert, SM; Skrinar, GS; Turnbull, BA, 1989)	1.91
" The present experiments determined the dose-response characteristics of entrainment to daily melatonin injections and made preliminary biochemical estimates of blood melatonin levels and half-lives after two critical doses of the hormone."	( Dose-dependent entrainment of rat circadian rhythms by daily injection of melatonin. Armstrong, SM; Cassone, VM; Chesworth, MJ, 1986)	0.72
" In a dose-response experiment for melatonin ability to restore the depressed BZP receptor concentration of cerebral cortex membranes of pinealectomized rats killed at noon, a minimal effective dose of 25 micrograms/kg body weight was obtained."	( Diurnal variations of benzodiazepine binding in rat cerebral cortex: disruption by pinealectomy. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Cardinali, DP; Lowenstein, PR; Rosenstein, R, 1986)	0.55
" The present study in Rana hexadactyla (Lesson), a continuous breeder revealed that administration of melatonin at a dosage of 50 micrograms/frog/day either in the morning or evening for a week inhibited spermatogenesis; however, when melatonin was administered for a longer period, this inhibitory effect was lost."	( Effect of melatonin on the spermatogenesis of Rana hexadactyla (Lesson). Gregalatchoumi, S; Kasinathan, S, 1988)	0.89
" We communicate here findings demonstrating that (a) three different inbred strains of mice possess a clear-cut cycle of melatonin levels in serum, (b) that melatonin administered in the evening enhances primary antibody response (IgM and IgG immunoglobulins) in vivo according to a dose-response behaviour and that (c) the opioid receptors blocker naltrexone antagonizes the immunostimulatory effect of melatonin."	( Role of the pineal gland in immunity: II. Melatonin enhances the antibody response via an opiatergic mechanism. Conti, A; Maestroni, GJ; Pierpaoli, W, 1987)	0.75
" No clear dose-response relationship was noticed over the range of electric field strengths used as treatments in these experiments."	( Reduction of the nocturnal rise in pineal melatonin levels in rats exposed to 60-Hz electric fields in utero and for 23 days after birth. Anderson, LE; Buschbom, RL; Reiter, RJ; Wilson, BW, 1988)	0.54
" A clear dose-response relationship was apparent between light intensity and degree of melatonin suppression."	( Suppression of melatonin secretion in Ile-de-France rams by different light intensities. Arendt, J; Ravault, JP, 1988)	0.85
" In a second experiment, the effects of different melatonin doses were studied at the time of day at which melatonin had its maximal effect to determine the dose-response relationship of melatonin-induced inhibition of SCN 2-DG uptake."	( Effects of melatonin on 2-deoxy-[1-14C]glucose uptake within rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Cassone, VM; Moore, RY; Roberts, MH, 1988)	0.92
" Light irradiance depressed plasma melatonin in a dose-response pattern."	( Dose-response relationship between light irradiance and the suppression of plasma melatonin in human volunteers. Brainard, GC; Cassone, V; Fredrickson, RH; Hudson, D; Lewy, AJ; Menaker, M; Miller, LS; Weleber, RG, 1988)	0.78
" Different dosage regimens are effective: photoperiod extension (3, 2, or 1 hr WL at dawn and dusk); morning only (2, 1, or 1/2 hr); midday only (4 or 2 hr); and evening only (5 or 2 hr)."	( Light therapy for depression: present status, problems, and perspectives. Wirz-Justice, A, 1986)	0.27
" In the dose-response study, various doses of ISO (0."	( Pineal N-acetyltransferase, pineal and serum melatonin response to isoproterenol stimulation in underfed male rats. Brown, GM; Chik, CL; Ho, AK; Joshi, MG, 1987)	0.53
" Four groups of seasonally anoestrous Suffolk-cross ewes were respectively dosed with preparations A, B, C or D on 4 July."	( Intraruminal soluble glass boluses containing melatonin can induce early onset of ovarian activity in ewes. Arendt, J; Kelly, MI; Poulton, AL; Symons, AM, 1987)	0.53
" In experiment 4, with a dosage of 75 mcg of melatonin, the intraocular administration appeared to be the most effective route for inhibiting ovulation."	( The influence of melatonin administered subcutaneously, intravenously, or intraocularly upon ovulation in the PMS-treated immature rat. Pomerantz, G; Sorrentino, S, 1973)	0.85
" In long day conditions, the daily afternoon administration of either 5, 15, 25, 50, 100 or 200 micrograms melatonin induced testicular regression within 10 wk; under the same circumstances, only the 200-microgram dosage of 5-MT was able to suppress testicular weights."	( Relative efficacy of melatonin and 5-methoxytryptamine in terms of their antigonadotrophic and counterantigonadotrophic actions in male Syrian hamsters. Champney, TH; Holtorf, A; Reiter, RJ; Vaughan, MK, 1984)	0.8
" The shape of the resultant dose-response curves and the calculated ED50 for NAT (0."	( The suppression of pineal melatonin content and N-acetyltransferase activity by different light irradiances in the Syrian hamster: a dose-response relationship. Brainard, GC; King, TS; Matthews, SA; Reiter, RJ; Richardson, BA, 1983)	0.57
" When the dosage of isoproterenol was increased to 10 mg/kg and 2 injections of the drug were given (at 2 h intervals) pineal melatonin levels also did not exhibit a significant increase."	( In vivo responses of the pineal gland of the Syrian hamster to isoproterenol or norepinephrine. Lipton, JS; Petterborg, LJ; Reiter, RJ; Steinlechner, S, 1982)	0.47
" Here M at high dosage caused cell swelling (averaging 50% increase in area), and other cellular changes were graded in relation to M dosage."	( Stimulatory effects of melatonin on ependymal epithelium of choroid plexuses in golden hamsters. Decker, JF; Quay, WB, 1982)	0.57
" Serum testosterone levels were depressed in animals that received afternoon injections of melatonin regardless of the dosage of melatonin given in the morning."	( Apparent dualistic effects of twice daily melatonin administration on reproductive organs in male golden hamsters. Rudeen, PK, 1981)	0.75
" No pharmacological effect due to the tracer was apparent on endogenous melatonin secretion and the production rates calculated were unaffected by either dosage or time of administration."	( Measurement of urinary production rates of melatonin as an index of human pineal function. Fellenberg, AJ; Phillipou, G; Seamark, RF, 1980)	0.76
" Our data show that markedly, but not completely attenuated nocturnal melatonin levels are sufficient to exert maximal thermoregulatory effects, indicating rather a threshold than a dose-response effect of melatonin action on human BT."	( Melatonin-induced decrease of body temperature in women: a threshold event. Cagnacci, A; Romagnolo, C; Soldani, R; Yen, SS, 1994)	1.97
" Many of these ligands give biphasic dose-response curves which suggests that there may be two melatonin receptor subtypes within the ovine pars tuberalis cells."	( Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel naphthalenic and bioisosteric related amidic derivatives as melatonin receptor ligands. Caignard, DH; Delagrange, P; Depreux, P; Guardiola, B; Howell, HE; Lesieur, D; Mansour, HA; Morgan, P; Pfeiffer, B; Renard, P, 1994)	0.72
" Measurement of plasma concentration of melatonin in five subjects confirmed that concentrations after oral dosage reached peaks comparable with the normal endogenous nocturnal peaks."	( The effect of melatonin on aqueous humor flow in humans during the day. Arnce, R; Brubaker, RF; Klee, GG; Koskela, TK; Samples, JR; Viggiano, SR, 1994)	0.92
" The present experiments determined the dose-response characteristics of entrainment and phase shifting to daily and single melatonin injections in both sham-operated (SHAM) and pinealectomized (PINX) rats."	( Pinealectomized rats entrain and phase-shift to melatonin injections in a dose-dependent manner. Cassone, VM; Hodges, DB; Warren, WS, 1993)	0.75
" Dose-response curves carried out in January, May, July, and October suggest that the seasonal effects reported are related to differences in the sensitivity of mice to melatonin during the course of the year."	( Seasonal variations in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity regulation by melatonin. Giordano, M; Palermo, MS; Vermeulen, M, 1993)	0.71
" When these hEGF-stimulated cells were treated with melatonin from 10 to 500 pg/ml, the proliferation was suppressed with a dose-response relationship."	( Melatonin inhibits the proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro. Haywood, M; Hernandez, V; Wong, CG; Yu, HS, 1993)	1.98
" The dose-response curve for melatonin shows an approximate 1000-fold shift in potency in the RCS rat."	( Agonist-induced effects on cyclic AMP metabolism are affected in pigment epithelial cells of the Royal College of Surgeons rat. Nash, MS; Osborne, NN, 1995)	0.58
" A significant dose-response relationship existed between the dose of oral melatonin, the magnitude of temperature suppression and the degree of advance phase shift in the endogenous melatonin and temperature rhythms, suggesting that acute changes in body temperature by melatonin may be a primary event in phase-shifting mechanisms."	( Melatonin-induced temperature suppression and its acute phase-shifting effects correlate in a dose-dependent manner in humans. Arendt, J; Deacon, S, 1995)	1.96
" If this is the case, it is important to explore the dose-response relationships for the thermoregulatory effects of melatonin."	( The hypothermic effect of melatonin on core body temperature: is more better? Dawson, D; Gibbon, S; Singh, P, 1996)	0.8
"The present study determined first the dose-response (0."	( Entrainment of circadian rhythms by S-20098, a melatonin agonist, is dose and plasma concentration dependent. Guardiola-Lemaitre, B; Martinet, L; Mocaer, E, 1996)	0.55
" Neither d-fenfluramine, paroxetine, or ipsapirone following acute dosage had a statistically significant effect on nocturnal melatonin synthesis."	( Nocturnal plasma melatonin concentrations in healthy volunteers: effect of single doses of d-fenfluramine, paroxetine, and ipsapirone. Burrows, GD; Nathan, PJ; Norman, TR, 1996)	0.84
"" No evidence for a dose-response relation was found."	( Effects of exposure to 16.7 Hz magnetic fields on urinary 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate excretion of Swiss railway workers. Minder, CE; Pfluger, DH, 1996)	0.53
" In contrast, at a low dosage of 6 micrograms/ml, MLT exerted a stimulatory effect on cell proliferation in all the cell lines analyzed."	( Effect of melatonin on normal and sclerodermic skin fibroblast proliferation. Cagnoni, M; Carossino, AM; Lombardi, A; Matucci-Cerinic, M; Pignone, A, )	0.53
" However, the subcutaneous injection of melatonin (5, 25, and 125 micrograms) exerted no acute effect on the endogenous, circadian melatonin-profile, independent of dosage and sex."	( Afternoon injections of melatonin in the Djungarian hamster Phodopus sungorus: long lasting sex-specific effects and influence of acute treatment on the endogenous pineal melatonin rhythm. Böckers, TM; Lerchl, A; Niklowitz, P, 1996)	0.87
" As compared to placebo, VAL, at the dosage of both 400 and 800 mg, significantly suppressed nocturnal blood melatonin levels, the higher dose being slightly more effective than the lower one."	( Suppression of nocturnal plasma melatonin levels by evening administration of sodium valproate in healthy humans. Borriello, R; Cassandro, P; Maj, M; Monteleone, P; Natale, M; Tortorella, A, 1997)	0.79
" The first goal of the study was to investigate the role of melatonin on myocardial contractility in isolated rat papillary muscle using dose-response curves to melatonin, to isoproterenol and calcium either in the presence or in the absence of melatonin (0."	( Effects of melatonin in isolated rat papillary muscle. Abete, P; Bianco, S; Cacciatore, F; Calabrese, C; Ferrara, N; Napoli, C; Rengo, F, 1997)	0.93
" When the cells were incubated in vitro with various concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the presence and absence of melatonin (1 and 5 nM), the dose-response curve for the LH-stimulated progesterone production was shifted to a higher concentration of LH: ED50 of LH was approximately two times greater in the presence of melatonin."	( Direct action of melatonin on hen ovarian granulosa cells to lower responsiveness to luteinizing hormone. Kawashima, M; Kuwayama, T; Murayama, T; Takahashi, T; Tanaka, K; Yasuoka, T, 1997)	0.84
" The optimal dosage and timing of drug administration is still unclear."	( Melatonin: therapeutic use in sleep disorders. Chase, JE; Gidal, BE, 1997)	1.74
" In addition, further studies evaluating dose-response relationships and drug interactions are warranted."	( Melatonin: therapeutic use in sleep disorders. Chase, JE; Gidal, BE, 1997)	1.74
" Twelve adult male volunteers participated in the study and received all three dosage forms on three separate occasions."	( Transmucosal, oral controlled-release, and transdermal drug administration in human subjects: a crossover study with melatonin. Ayres, JW; Bénès, L; Claustrat, B; DeGrande, G; Geoffriau, M; Horrière, F; Konsil, J; McQuinn, RL; Parrott, KA, 1997)	0.51
"FeCl3 increased the concentration of TBARS in brain homogenates in a concentration-dependent manner, and melatonin reduced FeCl3-induced rise in TBARS in a dose-response fashion."	( Melatonin inhibits iron-induced epileptic discharges in rats by suppressing peroxidation. Kabuto, H; Ogawa, N; Yokoi, I, 1998)	1.96
" Many supplements are potent drugs that lack sufficient data on safety, dose-response relationships, drug interactions, and purity."	( Over-the-counter psychotropics: a review of melatonin, St John's wort, valerian, and kava-kava. Guenther, G; Heiligenstein, E, 1998)	0.56
", no dose-response relationships were apparent), and likewise the reductions could not be correlated with the season of the year (experiments conducted at 12-month intervals under identical exposure conditions yielded different results)."	( Inconsistent suppression of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and serum melatonin levels in rats exposed to pulsed DC magnetic fields. Kavet, R; Poeggeler, B; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 1998)	0.56
"Using melatonin (MT) as a circadian synchroniser in humans to treat a variety of rhythm disorders, it is desirable to develop controlled-release dosage forms that deliver MT in accordance with its endogenous secretory pattern as well as preparations that release MT in a pulsatile way."	( Evaluation of an oral pulsatile delivery system for melatonin in humans. Bartsch, C; Breitbarth, H; Dittgen, M; Farker, K; Gräser, T; Hoffmann, A; Hoffmann, H; Mellinger, U; Oettel, M; Schmidt, U; Timpe, C; Zimmermann, H, 1998)	1.03
"A sustained release dosage form which delivers melatonin (MT), a pineal hormone, is of clinical value because of the short half-life of MT, for those who have a disordered circadian rhythm."	( Preparation and characterization of melatonin-loaded stearyl alcohol microspheres. Choe, JS; Kim, CK; Lee, BJ, )	0.66
"To compare the impact of various dosage forms of melatonin and placebo on jet lag symptoms, 320 volunteers who had flights over 6 to 8 time zones were recruited for a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study."	( Comparative study to determine the optimal melatonin dosage form for the alleviation of jet lag. Johnson, R; Schlagenhauf, P; Steffen, R; Suhner, A; Tschopp, A, 1998)	0.82
" The current studies may be applied to deliver MT transdermally using aqueous-based vehicles and to fabricate MT dosage forms."	( Percutaneous absorption and model membrane variations of melatonin in aqueous-based propylene glycol and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin vehicles. Ayres, JW; Cui, JH; Lee, BJ; Parrott, KA; Sack, RL, 1998)	0.55
" Melatonin was added to the drinking water (92% of which was consumed at night) at a dosage (4 microg/ml) previously reported to attenuate the aging-associated decrease in survival rate in male rats, as well as at a 10-fold lower dosage."	( Daily melatonin administration at middle age suppresses male rat visceral fat, plasma leptin, and plasma insulin to youthful levels. Boldt, BM; Matsumoto, AM; Rasmussen, DD; Wilkinson, CW; Yellon, SM, 1999)	1.69
" We describe a protocol for recording dose-response curves directly from immunocytochemical preparations using rat pinealocytes as a model system."	( A semiquantitative image-analytical method for the recording of dose-response curves in immunocytochemical preparations. Korf, HW; Maronde, E; Olcese, J; Wicht, H, 1999)	0.3
"Using melatonin (MLT) as a circadian synchroniser in humans to treat rhythm disorders, it is desirable to have controlled-release dosage forms."	( A melatonin preparation with a pulsatile liberation pattern: a new form of melatonin in replacement therapy. Dittgen, M; Farker, K; Hoffmann, A; Hoffmann, H, )	1.33
" This first pilot study revealed that melatonin had effects on human equilibrium although these effects were not dosage related and were different in individual subjects."	( Melatonin influences human balance. Alpini, D; Cesarani, A; Esposti, D; Fraschini, F; Stankov, BM, )	1.85
" Melatonin was dosed by intraperitoneal (i."	( In vivo microdialysis/liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the on-line monitoring of melatonin in rat. Kissinger, PT; Wong, PS; Xie, F; Yoshioka, K, 1999)	1.43
" The serum melatonin concentration profile following OROS (melatonin) dosing mimicked the normal endogenous serum melatonin concentration-time profile."	( Feasibility and functionality of OROS melatonin in healthy subjects. Gupta, SK; Langmuir, V; Shah, J, 1999)	0.96
" More extensive studies will be required to clarify the factors of dose-response and phase-response."	( Light mask 500 lux treatment for delayed sleep phase syndrome. Ando, K; Cole, RJ; Elliott, JA; Kripke, DF, 1999)	0.3
"At the dosage studied, melatonin had no uniform effect on serum lipids in patients with hypercholesterolemia."	( Effect of melatonin on serum lipids in patients with hypercholesterolemia: a pilot study. Achacoso, R; Rindone, JP, )	0.84
"04) which suggests a dose-response relationship between visible light and breast cancer risk."	( Inverse association between breast cancer incidence and degree of visual impairment in Finland. Ojamo, M; Pukkala, E; Rudanko, SL; Stevens, RG; Verkasalo, PK, 1999)	0.3
" Unequivocal estimations of the dosage of melatonin for best efficacy are not yet performed, although a range of different dosages have been tested."	( Melatonin and jet-lag. Samel, A, 1999)	2.01
" The present experiments were performed in order to study the effects of acute treatment with low doses of melatonin on rat male and female sex behavior in a dose-response paradigm."	( Acute low doses of melatonin stimulate rat sex behavior: the role of serotonin neurotransmission. Benelli, A; Bertolini, A; Busà, L; Drago, F, 1999)	0.85
" The average 6-OHMS excretion on Friday was lower among the factory workers than in the reference group, but no monotonous dose-response was observed."	( Nocturnal 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate excretion in female workers exposed to magnetic fields. Anderson, LE; Hansen, NH; Juutilainen, J; Kilpeläinen, M; Kumlin, T; Laitinen, JT; Sobel, E; Stevens, RG; Wilson, BW, 2000)	0.64
" The greatest decrease in insomnia occurred during the last 2 weeks of the study, following the increase in dosage to 10 mg per day of SR-melatonin."	( Use of slow-release melatonin in treatment-resistant depression. Brown, GM; Dalton, EJ; Kennedy, SH; Levitan, RD; Rotondi, D, 2000)	0.83
" The dose-response relationship of the human circadian pacemaker to late evening light of dim to moderate intensity has not been well established."	( Sensitivity of the human circadian pacemaker to nocturnal light: melatonin phase resetting and suppression. Brown, E; Czeisler, C; Dijk, DJ; Kronauer, R; Zeitzer, JM, 2000)	0.54
" The different effects on body temperature rhythms in men versus women underscore the need for personalized dosing schedules to avoid potential undesirable consequences."	( Standard melatonin intake and circadian rhythms of elite athletes after a transmeridian flight. Conconi, F; Manfredini, F; Manfredini, R, )	0.55
"NK mouse model to understand the histological and molecular changes associated with the dose-response pattern of mammary tumor incidence and growth after treatment with a broad range of doses of melatonin."	( Effect of melatonin and linolenic acid on mammary cancer in transgenic mice with c-neu breast cancer oncogene. Herbert, RA; Ney, E; Rao, GN, 2000)	0.9
" The model in which the occupancy of one of four binding sites by melatonin is sufficient to block the channels gives the best fit to the dose-response relationship, although all four binding sites can be occupied by the drug."	( Multiple binding sites for melatonin on Kv1.3. Csécsei, G; Damjanovich, S; Gáspár, R; Panyi, G; Péter, M; Pieri, C; Varga, Z, 2001)	0.84
"To assess the effectiveness of oral melatonin taken in different dosage regimens for alleviating jet-lag after air travel across several time zones."	( Melatonin for preventing and treating jet lag. Herxheimer, A; Petrie, KJ, 2001)	2.03
"Diazepam was administered subcutaneously, for 21 days, at a dosage of 3 mg/kg body weight per day, 1 h before the onset of darkness."	( Chronic diazepam administration differentially affects melatonin synthesis in rat pineal and Harderian glands. Djeridane, Y; Touitou, Y, 2001)	0.56
"The features of apoptotic dose responses typically have been evaluated over a broad dose-response continuum to differentiate apoptotic and necrotic responses."	( Apoptosis: biphasic dose responses. Calabrese, EJ, 2001)	0.31
" The inhibitory effects of AFMK on both DNA and lipid damage appear to be dose-response related."	( N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine, a biogenic amine and melatonin metabolite, functions as a potent antioxidant. Burkhardt, S; Hardeland, R; Huo, YS; Kohen, R; Manchester, LC; Mayo, JC; Reiter, RJ; Sainz, RM; Shohami, E; Tan, DX, 2001)	0.55
" At present, there are numerous dosage forms of melatonin, with the oral route of administration being most popular."	( The effect of variations in pH and temperature on stability of melatonin in aqueous solution. Anoopkumar-Dukie, S; Daya, S; Glass, BD; Walker, RB, 2001)	0.81
"The aim of the work described in this paper was to provide a fast, easy, inexpensive, precise, and accurate method for the determination of melatonine in solid pharmaceutical dosage forms."	( Validation of a UV spectrophotometric method for the determination of melatonine in solid dosage forms. Bocic, RV; García-Madrid, R; Lemus, IG; Pérez, MV; Pérez, RF, )	0.57
" There was no evidence of a dose-response relation with increasing number of months that electric blankets had been used."	( Electric blanket or mattress cover use and breast cancer incidence in women 50-79 years of age. Baron, JA; Egan, KM; Hampton, JM; McElroy, JA; Newcomb, PA; Remington, PL; Stampfer, MJ; Titus-Ernstoff, L; Trentham-Dietz, A; Willett, WC, 2001)	0.31
" Treatment with MPTP significantly reduced striatal TH activity, DA and DOPAC, but there were no significant differences in the reductions in any of these parameters observed in the melatonin-treated versus the DMSO-treated control mice that received the same total dosage of MPTP."	( Chronic administration of pharmacological levels of melatonin does not ameliorate the MPTP-induced degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway. Morgan, WW; Nelson, JF, 2001)	0.75
"A method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of melatonin (MT) and pyridoxine hydrochloride (PY) in pharmaceutical dosage forms by differential pulse voltammetry, based on the oxidation of both drugs at a glassy carbon electrode."	( Simultaneous determination of melatonin and pyridoxine in tablet formulations by differential pulse voltammetry. Aboul-Enein, HY; Demircigil, BT; Ozkan, SA; Sentürk, Z; Uslu, B, 2001)	0.84
", fast release form) could be useful to reduce benzodiazepine dosage in old patients with minor sleep disturbance."	( A double blind-placebo controlled study on melatonin efficacy to reduce anxiolytic benzodiazepine use in the elderly. Albornoz, L; Cardinali, DP; Fainstein, I; Gvozdenovich, E; Kaplan, MR; Negri, A; Pérez Lloret, S; Shifis, HA, 2002)	0.58
" RORalpha receptors are also expressed in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and the putative RORalpha agonist CPG-52608 inhibits MCF-7 cell growth but with a very different dose-response than melatonin."	( Involvement of the mt1 melatonin receptor in human breast cancer. Dai, J; Dong, C; Hill, SM; Kiefer, TL; Lai, L; Ram, PT; Yuan, L, 2002)	0.82
" This study suggests that caution should be taken as regards high melatonin dosage in hypercholesterolemic patients."	( Daily melatonin supplementation in mice increases atherosclerosis in proximal aorta. Bonnefont-Rousselot, D; Caudeville, B; Clavey, V; Duriez, P; Fievet, C; Foricher, R; Fruchart, JC; Furman, C; Gardes-Albert, M; Lemdani, M; Lesieur, D; Lestavel, S; Rolando, C; Tailleux, A; Teissier, E; Torpier, G, 2002)	1.03
": To assess the effectiveness of oral melatonin taken in different dosage regimens for alleviating jet-lag after air travel across several time zones."	( Melatonin for the prevention and treatment of jet lag. Herxheimer, A; Petrie, KJ, 2002)	2.03
" Dose-response curves for acetylcholine-induced, endothelium-related relaxation of aortic rings (after previous exposure to phenylephrine) and for serotonin-induced vasoconstriction were conducted in the presence or absence of 10-5 mol/L melatonin."	( Vascular reactivity in diabetic rats: effect of melatonin. Albornoz, LE; Cardinali, DP; Damiano, PF; Linares, LM; Reyes-Toso, CF; Rosón, MI, 2002)	0.75
"Melatonin was not effective in attenuating alcohol-induced loss of Purkinje cells in our neonatal rat model system, even though such a dosage of melatonin is capable of reversing free radical-induced damage in other tissues."	( Melatonin (an antioxidant) does not ameliorate alcohol-induced Purkinje cell loss in the developing cerebellum. Chen, WJ; Edwards, RB; Manzana, EJ, 2002)	3.2
" Groups 3, 4 and 5 received four subcutaneous injections at six-hour intervals for total dosage of 10 mg/kg melatonin, 150 mg/kg vitamin E and 22 microg/kg octreotide respectively."	( The protective effects of melatonin, vitamin E and octreotide on retinal edema during ischemia-reperfusion in the guinea pig retina. Celebi, S; Kükner, AS; Yilmaz, T, )	0.64
" The role of the NADPH oxidase in promoting oscillations was confirmed by dose-response studies of the effect of diphenylene iodonium, an inhibitor of the NADPH oxidase."	( A model of the oscillatory metabolism of activated neutrophils. Kindzelskii, AL; Kummer, U; Olsen, LF; Petty, HR, 2003)	0.32
" Therefore, our experiments demonstrate that the inhibition of the development of E(2)-induced prolactinoma by adequate dosage of melatonin may be related to the inhibitory effects of MLT on the secretion of PRL, but not to the antioxidative action of MLT."	( [Inhibitory effects of melatonin on the development of 17-beta-estradiol induced prolactinoma in relation to plasma prolactin and peroxidative lipid contents]. Gao, L; Shan, HM; Xu, JP; Xu, RK; Zhang, R, 2001)	0.83
" In an attempt to achieve a pharmacologically effective anticancer action of melatonin, dose-response studies with high concentrations of melatonin (10(-6) M, 10(-5) M, 10(-4) M and 10(-3) M) were conducted in the B16 murine melanoma cell line using three different numbers of exposed cells."	( Pharmacological action of high doses of melatonin on B16 murine melanoma cells depends on cell number at time of exposure. Jayaraman, S; Yerneni, LK, 2003)	0.82
" Nevertheless, half-life of melatonin is short and further studies are required, to investigate longer duration or higher dosage of administration which may be beneficial for cutaneous wound healing."	( The effect of thermal injury and melatonin on incisional wound healing. Ağalar, C; Ağalar, F; Altuntaş, I; Başak, PY; Eroğlu, E; Gültekin, F, 2003)	0.89
" Melatonin did not increase activity until the mid-scotophase activity increase, approximately 6 hours later, showing that the pharmacological dosage persisted in the crabs' systems and had later effects during the incline and peak of activity but not the trough."	( Melatonin and locomotor activity in the fiddler crab Uca pugilator. Khilji, ZS; Owen, JG; Shanahan, JK; Sterio, TW; Thurston, KT; Tilden, AR, 2003)	2.67
"The influence of dosing time on the antitumor effect and the rhythm disturbance effect of melatonin (MLT) was investigated in ICR male mice under a light/dark (12:12) cycle."	( Chronopharmacology of melatonin in mice to maximize the antitumor effect and minimize the rhythm disturbance effect. Akagi, T; Hamase, K; Higuchi, S; Ikesue, S; Ohdo, S; Ushinohama, K; Yukawa, E; Zaitsu, K, 2004)	0.86
" The first was a time-course study in which animals were administered single doses of 50 mg/kg of Cr3+ picolinate and the second a dose-response study in which animals were given either 20 or 50 mg/kg Cr3+ picolinate versus vehicle alone via the intra-peritoneal route."	( Effects of treatment with chromium picolinate on peripheral amino acid availability and brain monoamine function in the rat. Franklin, M; Odontiadis, J, 2003)	0.32
" In addition, melatonin interferes with the effects of estradiol on the increase of mast cell number in short-term cultured testes, and this result has also been obtained in a dose-response experiment at physiological concentration."	( Inhibition of the increased 17beta-estradiol-induced mast cell number by melatonin in the testis of the frog Rana esculenta, in vivo and in vitro. d'Istria, M; Izzo, G; Minucci, S; Serino, I, 2004)	0.92
" We propose that dose-response studies of short- and long-acting preparations of melatonin be conducted and that melatonin be considered in trials of prevention of hypertension in type 1 diabetes."	( Blood pressure response to melatonin in type 1 diabetes. Bean, JA; Cavallo, A; Daniels, SR; Dolan, LM; Khoury, JC, 2004)	0.85
"Melatonin at concentrations of 10(-9)M and 5 x 10(-9)M shifted the dose-response curves of estradiol to higher concentrations."	( Tracking the elusive antiestrogenic effect of melatonin: a new methodological approach. Bartsch, C; Girgert, R; Hanf, V; Hill, SM; Kreienberg, R, 2003)	2.02
" Dose-response curves for acetylcholine-induced, endothelium-related relaxation of aortic rings (after previous exposure to phenylephrine) and for phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction were conducted."	( Effect of melatonin on vascular reactivity in pancreatectomized rats. Arán, M; Cardinali, DP; Linares, LM; Pinto, JE; Reyes-Toso, CF; Ricci, CR; Rodríguez, RR, 2004)	0.73
" Groups 3 and 5 were fed melatonin-containing diet for 20 wk, starting 1 wk after the last dosing of DEN."	( Chemopreventive effects of melatonin on diethylnitrosamine and phenobarbital-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male F344 rats. Mori, H; Rahman, KM; Sugie, S; Tanaka, T; Watanabe, T, 2003)	0.92
" Melatonin dosage was increased in eight dogs but only one had improved hair re-growth."	( Adrenal steroid hormone concentrations in dogs with hair cycle arrest (Alopecia X) before and during treatment with melatonin and mitotane. Frank, LA; Hnilica, KA; Oliver, JW, 2004)	1.44
" Parameters of the model help to describe the possible influences of various stressors, geroprotectors, and their dosage on the life span of laboratory animals."	( Stressors and antistressors: how do they influence life span in HER-2/neu transgenic mice? Anisimov, VN; Semenchenko, GV; Yashin, AI, 2004)	0.32
" The decreased contraction response to Ach and KCl was significantly ameliorated by a dosage of 50 mg/kg of melatonin, while not by a dosage of 10 mg/kg."	( Protective effect of melatonin on contractile activity and oxidative injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion of rat ileum. Aktas, RG; Altaner, S; Arslan, SO; Ozacmak, VH; Sayan, H, 2005)	0.86
" A trend was noted for midazolam to prolong recovery times as the dosage increased."	( Melatonin vs. midazolam premedication in children: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Albassam, A; Aldammas, F; Alotibi, W; Naguib, M; Riad, W; Samarkandi, A; Thalaj, A, 2005)	1.77
" To assess whether melatonin preincubation reversed the impaired relaxation response to ACh (intact endothelium aortic rings) or to SNP (endothelium-denuded or L-NAME-treated rings) in hyperglycemic rats, cumulative dose-response curves were performed in the presence of 10(-5) mol/L melatonin."	( Melatonin restores endothelium-dependent relaxation in aortic rings of pancreatectomized rats. Cardinali, DP; Linares, LM; Obaya-Naredo, D; Pinto, JE; Reyes-Toso, CF; Ricci, CR; Rodríguez, RR, 2005)	2.1
"The therapeutic success of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients remains controversial as many patients become tolerant requiring higher dosage regimens."	( l-DOPA administration enhances 6-hydroxydopamine generation. Daya, S; Maharaj, H; Mokokong, R; Scheepers, M; Sukhdev Maharaj, D, 2005)	0.33
" A total of 107 patients, aged 18-64 years, were randomized into a dosing sequence that included 4, 8, 16, and 32 mg of Ramelteon and placebo."	( An efficacy, safety, and dose-response study of Ramelteon in patients with chronic primary insomnia. Erman, M; Sainati, S; Seiden, D; Zammit, G; Zhang, J, 2006)	0.33
" Treatment strategies in nocturnal asthma are similar to those used in persistent asthma, although dosing of medications to target optimum effect during periods of nocturnal worsening is beneficial."	( Nocturnal asthma. Sutherland, ER, 2005)	0.33
" The resulting log-linear dose-response curve in the physiological range adds support for a circadian function of endogenous melatonin in humans."	( Melatonin entrains free-running blind people according to a physiological dose-response curve. Emens, JS; Jackman, AR; Lefler, BJ; Lewy, AJ; Yuhas, K, 2005)	1.98
"All relevant, randomized controlled trials in which orally administered melatonin in any dosage was compared with a control group for the effect on managing cognitive, behavioural (excluding sleep), and/or affective disturbances of people with dementia of any degree of severity."	( Melatonin for cognitive impairment. Duncan, V; Forbes, DA; Jansen, SL; Morgan, DG, 2006)	2.01
" We suggest that HP may enhance salivary cortisol via a U-shaped dose-response relationship and that this may be mediated through a 5-HT2 mechanism."	( Effect of sub-chronic treatment with Jarsin (extract of St John's wort, Hypericum perforatum) at two dose levels on evening salivary melatonin and cortisol concentrations in healthy male volunteers. Franklin, M; Hafizi, S; Hockney, R; Murck, H; Reed, A, 2006)	0.54
" However, exogenous administration of melatonin in an attempt to achieve this goal may have an untoward effect given that pharmacologic dosing with melatonin has been shown to phase shift humans depending on the time of day it's given."	( Artificial lighting in the industrialized world: circadian disruption and breast cancer. Stevens, RG, 2006)	0.6
" After 15 days, the 40 mg dosage was decreased to 20mg/kg body weight for an additional 20 days (35 days of PTU)."	( Serum thyroid hormones and performance of offspring in ewes receiving propylthiouracil with or without melatonin. Duffey, JL; Gifford, CA; Hallford, DM; Knight, RL, 2007)	0.55
" Melatonin and AMK (10(-11)-10(-3) m), but not AFMK, inhibited nNOS activity in vitro in a dose-response manner."	( Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity by N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine, a brain metabolite of melatonin. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Camacho, E; Carrión, MD; Entrena, A; Escames, G; Espinosa, A; Gallo, MA; León, J; López, LC; Reiter, RJ; Rodríguez, MI; Tan, DX; Tapias, V, 2006)	1.46
" In a first experiment, dose-response curves for acetylcholine-induced relaxation of aortic rings were conducted."	( Effect of melatonin on vascular responses in aortic rings of aging rats. Cardinali, DP; Linares, LM; Obaya-Naredo, D; Pinto, JE; Planells, FM; Reyes-Toso, CF; Ricci, CR, 2007)	0.74
" We studied the effect of melatonin premedication on the propofol and thiopental dose-response curves for abolition of responses to verbal commands and eyelash stimulation."	( The effects of melatonin premedication on propofol and thiopental induction dose-response curves: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Al-Ayyaf, HA; Alharby, SW; Alshaer, AA; Fadin, A; Mansour, Eel-D; Moniem, MA; Naguib, M; Samarkandi, AH, 2006)	0.99
" Dose-response curves were determined by probit analysis."	( The effects of melatonin premedication on propofol and thiopental induction dose-response curves: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Al-Ayyaf, HA; Alharby, SW; Alshaer, AA; Fadin, A; Mansour, Eel-D; Moniem, MA; Naguib, M; Samarkandi, AH, 2006)	0.69
" Antitumor and antioxidant effect of relatively low dosage of melatonin appeared to be more effective than those of a larger one."	( [Melatonin inhibits urethane-induced carcinogenesis tumors in murine lung]. Anisimov, VN; Plotnikova, NA; Semenchenko, AV; Vesnushkin, GM, 2006)	1.48
" Performance testing and subjective evaluations occurred prior to dosing and following forced awakening at 15:00, 2 h after dosing."	( Cognitive performance following premature awakening from zolpidem or melatonin induced daytime sleep. Cardenas, R; Eddy, DR; Fischer, J; Hickey, PA; Storm, WF; Welch, CB, 2007)	0.57
"Stable DSM-IV schizophrenic outpatients (N = 40) with initial insomnia of at least 2 weeks' duration were randomly assigned to augment their current medications with either flexibly dosed melatonin (3-12 mg/night; N = 20) or placebo (N = 20)."	( Melatonin in schizophrenic outpatients with insomnia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Andrade, C; Bhakta, SG; Singh, NM; Suresh Kumar, PN, 2007)	1.97
" However, in selected cases, depending on the effectiveness of the interventions, dosage reductions or discontinuation of medications may be possible."	( Natural approaches to epilepsy. Gaby, AR, 2007)	0.34
" Dose-response curves to ACh or SNP were performed in the presence or absence of melatonin or vitamin E (10-5 mol/1) in 10 or 44 mmol/1 glucose medium."	( Comparative effects of melatonin and vitamin E in restoring aortic relaxation in pancreatectomized rats. Albornoz, LE; Cardinali, DP; Linares, LM; Obaya-Naredo, D; Reyes-Toso, CF; Ricci, CR; Wallinger, ML, 2006)	0.87
" Dose-response curves for acetylcholine-induced, endothelium-related relaxation of aortic rings (after previous exposure to phenylephrine) were conducted in a high glucose solution (44 mmol/L)."	( Antioxidants restore aortic ring relaxation in pancreatectomized rats. Cardinali, DP; Linares, LM; Reyes-Toso, CF; Ricci, CR; Vázquez, MB; Witriw, A, 2007)	0.34
" There might be a dose-response relationship between the plasma concentration of melatonin and coagulation activity."	( Oral melatonin reduces blood coagulation activity: a placebo-controlled study in healthy young men. Bärtschi, C; Ehlert, U; Spillmann, M; von Känel, R; Wirtz, PH, 2008)	1.09
" We sought to evaluate the effect of exogenous melatonin on nocturnal sleep quantity in these patients and, furthermore, to describe the kinetics of melatonin after oral administration in this patient population, thereby guiding future dosing schedules."	( Melatonin therapy to improve nocturnal sleep in critically ill patients: encouraging results from a small randomised controlled trial. Bourne, RS; Mills, GH; Minelli, C, 2008)	2.05
" Within each room, birds were randomly assigned to melatonin treatment (MEL; 12 birds/treatment), dosed orally commencing the same day as feed withdrawal for 10 d: (experiment I: 0 or 5 mg of melatonin; experiment II: 0, 10, or 20 mg of melatonin)."	( Influence of exogenous melatonin administration on Salmonella enteritidis colonization in molted layers. Byrd, JA; Callaway, TR; Edrington, TS; McReynolds, JL; Nisbet, DJ, 2008)	0.91
" Dosage was in accordance with their pharmacokinetic properties and experience gained with experimental SCI."	( Lack of neuroprotection with pharmacological pretreatment in a paradigm for anticipated spinal cord lesions. Franco-Bourland, RE; Grijalva, I; Guízar-Sahagún, G; Ibarra, A; Madrazo, I; Martínez-Cruz, A; Rodríguez-Balderas, CA, 2009)	0.35
" Thus, a concentration of 1 mM of both indolamines was sufficient to inhibit in approximately 70% of the light emission in mitochondria, whereas a greater dosage of 10 times (10 mM) was necessary to produce the same effect in microsomes."	( Relative efficacies of alpha-tocopherol, N-acetyl-serotonin, and melatonin in reducing non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation of rat testicular microsomes and mitochondria. Catalá, A; Gavazza, M, 2009)	0.59
" Further studies on higher animals and dosage and timing are required."	( The effect of calmodulin antagonists on experimental scoliosis: a pinealectomized chicken model. Acaroglu, E; Akel, I; Alanay, A; Bozkurt, G; Kocak, O; Marcucio, R, 2009)	0.35
" This information on melatonin absorption behaviors and its modulation by pharmaceutical excipients can be used in further oral dosage formulations to affect circadian rhythm."	( New findings on melatonin absorption and alterations by pharmaceutical excipients using the Ussing chamber technique with mounted rat gastrointestinal segments. Lee, BJ; Tran, HT; Tran, PH, 2009)	1.02
" The melatonin groups showed a dose-response effect on emergence behavior."	( Preoperative melatonin and its effects on induction and emergence in children undergoing anesthesia and surgery. Hata, J; Herrmann, L; Kain, ZN; Lerman, J; MacLaren, JE; Mayes, L; Rosenbaum, A, 2009)	1.24
" Further studies on the correct dosage and possible side effects are necessary."	( Neuroprotective effect of melatonin on experimental peripheral nerve injury: an electron microscopic and biochemical study. Biyikli, Z; Daglioglu, E; Erdogan, D; Ergungor, F; Kilinc, K; Okay, O; Serdar Dike, M; Take, G, 2009)	0.65
" granulata affects the antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance in a time and dosage dependent manner."	( Effect of melatonin in the antioxidant defense system in the locomotor muscles of the estuarine crab Neohelice granulata (Decapoda, Brachyura). Caldas, SS; Cruz, BP; Geihs, MA; Maciel, FE; Monserrat, JM; Nery, LE; Primel, EG; Vargas, MA, 2010)	0.76
" Regulated melatonin products and larger, well-designed trials to establish optimal dosing regimens and long-term safety are needed."	( Melatonin treatment for insomnia in pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Bendz, LM; Scates, AC, 2010)	2.19
" The 10mg/kg supplementation demonstrated benefit; the 100mg/kg dosage was limited by toxicity."	( Melatonin-analog, beta-methyl-6-chloromelatonin, supplementation in spinal cord injury. Fee, DB; Gabbita, P; Roberts, K; Scheff, N; Scheff, S; Swartz, KR, 2010)	1.8
" Dose-response curves for melatonin suppression and circadian phase resetting were constructed in subjects exposed to blue (460 nm) or green (555 nm) light near the onset of nocturnal melatonin secretion."	( Spectral responses of the human circadian system depend on the irradiance and duration of exposure to light. Brainard, GC; Czeisler, CA; Gooley, JJ; Kronauer, RE; Lockley, SW; Rajaratnam, SM, 2010)	0.66
" Melatonin, a free radical scavenger, blocks tau hyperphosphorylation, and microtubule disorganization caused by haloperidol in a dose-response mode."	( Haloperidol causes cytoskeletal collapse in N1E-115 cells through tau hyperphosphorylation induced by oxidative stress: Implications for neurodevelopment. Benítez-King, G; Jiménez-Rubio, G; Ortíz-López, L; Ramírez-Rodríguez, G, 2010)	1.27
"This study aims to establish a dose-response relationship for melatonin in advancing dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), sleep onset (SO), and reducing sleep onset latency (SOL) in children between 6 and 12 years with chronic sleep onset insomnia (CSOI)."	( Dose finding of melatonin for chronic idiopathic childhood sleep onset insomnia: an RCT. Egberts, AC; Korzilius, HP; Smits, MG; van der Heijden, KB; van Geijlswijk, IM, 2010)	0.95
" Additional well designed randomized controlled trials are necessary to compare melatonin premedication with other pharmacological interventions, investigate its effect on more varied surgical populations, and to delineate its optimal dosing regimen."	( Efficacy and safety of melatonin as an anxiolytic and analgesic in the perioperative period: a qualitative systematic review of randomized trials. Abrishami, A; Chung, F; Seet, E; Venkatraghavan, L; Yousaf, F, 2010)	0.9
" These results suggest that neither drug has therapeutic efficacy, however dosing and/or administration issues may have played a role."	( Melatonin and minocycline for combinatorial therapy to improve functional and histopathological deficits following traumatic brain injury. Kelso, ML; Pauly, JR; Scheff, NN; Scheff, SW, 2011)	1.81
"These data indicate that some dosage of MLT inhibit the development of E2-induced prolactinoma in SD rat."	( [Melatonin suppressing the proliferation of E2-induced pituitary prolactin-secreting tumor in rat involves the effects of estrogen receptor]. Gao, L; Xu, JN; Xu, RK; Yang, QH; Zhang, R, 2006)	1.24
" When combined at a dosage either positively or negatively skewed from each optimal dosage, however, co-treatment caused synergistic neuroprotection."	( Melatonin protects against transient focal cerebral ischemia in both reproductively active and estrogen-deficient female rats: the impact of circulating estrogen on its hormetic dose-response. Chen, HY; Chen, TY; Huang, SY; Hung, YC; Lee, AC; Lee, EJ; Lee, MY; Shen, CC; Tai, SH; Wu, TS, 2011)	1.81
" In a dose-response manner, melatonin also reduced vestibular hair cell loss due to gentamicin treatment in explanted utricles of newborn rats."	( Drug-mediated ototoxicity and tinnitus: alleviation with melatonin. Fuentes-Broto, L; Korkmaz, A; Reiter, RJ; Tan, DX, 2011)	0.91
" When the melatonin dosage was increased to 10mg/day he became headache-free, and 5 months after the treatment began, had no complaints."	( Nocturnal headache associated with melatonin deficiency due to a pineal gland cyst. Ipekdal, IH; Karadaş, O; Odabaşi, Z; Ulaş, UH, 2012)	1.06
" The dosage of melatonin used in the 8 included RCTs was 20 mg orally, once a day."	( The efficacy and safety of melatonin in concurrent chemotherapy or radiotherapy for solid tumors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ai, F; Dong, TF; Duan, CH; Fu, QL; Jin, BZ; Lu, YZ; Wang, YM, 2012)	1.03
" Chronobiotics such as melatonin can also be used to realign the circadian clock but, as well as timing and dosage issues, there are also concerns as to its legal status in different countries and with the World Anti-Doping Agency."	( Circadian disruption and remedial interventions: effects and interventions for jet lag for athletic peak performance. Cook, C; Drawer, S; Dudley, E; Forbes-Robertson, S; Kilduff, L; Vadgama, P, 2012)	0.69
" Surge-sustained formulations consisting of combined immediate release and controlled release dosing may mimic the endogenous melatonin physiologic profile."	( Melatonin pharmacokinetics following two different oral surge-sustained release doses in older adults. Barrett, JS; Cuellar, N; Edwards, AY; Gooneratne, NS; Grandner, MA; Zhou, C, 2012)	2.03
" In support of our ongoing study to determine the safety, tolerability and PK dosing strategies for MEL in treating insomnia in children with autism spectrum disorder, two highly sensitive LC-MS/MS assays were developed for the quantitation of MEL and precursor NAS at pg/mL levels in small volumes of human plasma."	( Quantitation of melatonin and n-acetylserotonin in human plasma by nanoflow LC-MS/MS and electrospray LC-MS/MS. Calcutt, MW; Carter, MD; Hachey, DL; Malow, BA; Rose, KL, 2012)	0.72
" The recognition of the periodicity of biological processes makes the optimal dosing of certain drugs feasible."	( [Physiological and pathophysiological role of the circadian clock system]. Halmos, T; Suba, I, 2012)	0.38
" These results may contribute to a re-evaluation of dosing guidelines for clinical light therapy and the use of light as a fatigue countermeasure."	( Human phase response curve to a single 6.5 h pulse of short-wavelength light. Brainard, GC; Czeisler, CA; Khalsa, SB; Kronauer, RE; Lockley, SW; Rüger, M; St Hilaire, MA, 2013)	0.39
" Melaxen was given in dosage of 3 mg."	( [The results of Russian multicenter open-label observational study of the efficacy and safety of мelaxen (melatonin) for the treatment of disordered sleep in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia]. Bel'skaia, GN; Boĭko, AN; Doronin, BM; Gustov, AV; Iakupov, EZ; Levin, IaI; Poluéktov, MG; Poverennova, IE; Skoromets, AA; Spirin, NN, 2012)	0.59
" The pharmacokinetic profile of melatonin in preterm infants differs from that of adults so dosage of melatonin for preterm infants cannot be extrapolated from adult studies."	( Pharmacokinetics of melatonin in preterm infants. Arendt, J; Arichi, T; Azzopardi, DV; Edwards, AD; Gressens, P; Hawwa, AF; McElnay, JC; Merchant, NM; Middleton, B, 2013)	1
" However, there is a lack of pharmaceutical preparations of melatonin that give details about their use for children and that give evidence-based guidelines about the dosage and timing of intake."	( [Disturbed sleep in children with ADHD: is there a place for melatonin as a treatment option?]. Gabriëls, L; Holvoet, E, 2013)	0.87
" However, the melatonin-temperature dose-response relationship is unclear in humans."	( A meta-analytic approach to quantify the dose-response relationship between melatonin and core temperature. Atkinson, G; Drust, B; Gregson, W; Marrin, K, 2013)	0.98
" The dosage of melaxen ranged from 3 to 6 mg depending on the respond to the minimal dose."	( [An open-label non-comparative study of the efficacy and safety of melaxen in treatment of sleep disorders in alcohol dependent patients during the period of abstinence]. Andreeva, NE; Andrianov, FV; Anipchenko, AV; Eryshev, OF, 2013)	0.39
" Further studies examining optimal effective dosing and timing of dosing are warranted."	( Melatonin in autism spectrum disorders. Frye, RE; Rossignol, DA, 2014)	1.85
" Here, we demonstrate that 1 mm melatonin dosage reduced in IL-1β-induced HepG2 cells MMP-9 gelatinase activity and inhibited cell invasion and motility through downregulation of MMP-9 gene expression and upregulation of the MMP-9-specific inhibitor tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1."	( Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and nuclear factor kappa B contribute to melatonin prevention of motility and invasiveness in HepG2 liver cancer cells. Carbajo-Pescador, S; García-Palomo, A; González-Gallego, J; Mauriz, JL; Ordoñez, R; Prieto-Dominguez, N, 2014)	0.91
" It was then optimized by including various intensities of light and various dosage and formulation of melatonin."	( A physiologically based pharmacokinetics model for melatonin--effects of light and routes of administration. Bouak, F; Cheung, B; Peng, HT; Vartanian, O, 2013)	0.86
" Further trials are necessary to determine optimal dosage and safety of ramelteon in children."	( [Treatment with ramelteon for sleep disturbance in severely disabled children and young adults]. Araki, A; Cho, K; Fukuda, I; Miyamoto, A; Oka, R; Tanaka, H, 2013)	0.39
" In the group dosed with 100 µM MT, phosphorylated JNK1 protein expression significantly decreased."	( Effect of intermittent hypoxia on rat INS-1 cells and the protective effect of melatonin. Kang, J; Li, G; Li, H; Liu, L; Lu, W; Wang, DL; Wang, W; Yu, N, 2014)	0.63
" To solve these issues, solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) were designed to obtain an oral flexible dosage form constituted by GRAS excipients and a free flow pulsatile delivery system for MLT, able to maintain its release through 8h."	( Formulating SLMs as oral pulsatile system for potential delivery of melatonin to pediatric population. Albertini, B; Di Sabatino, M; Melegari, C; Passerini, N, 2014)	0.64
"Our objective was to define the optimal dosage of exogenous melatonin administration in disorders related to altered melatonin levels in older adults aged 55 years and above by determining the dose-response effect of exogenous administered melatonin on endogenous levels."	( Optimal dosages for melatonin supplementation therapy in older adults: a systematic review of current literature. de Rooij, SE; van Munster, BC; Vural, EM, 2014)	0.97
" The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of melatonin with graded dosage on extracellular matrix synthesis and cellular death in response to cartilage damage in vitro and in vivo."	( Salutary effects of melatonin combined with treadmill exercise on cartilage damage. Chang, KT; Hong, Y; Jin, Y; Kim, H; Kim, K; Lee, S; Lee, SR; Lee, Y, 2014)	0.97
" This led us to conduct a dose-response analysis of published observational data."	( Light exposure at night, sleep duration, melatonin, and breast cancer: a dose-response analysis of observational studies. Deng, Q; Fan, WY; Wang, WY; Wang, X; Yang, WS, 2014)	0.67
"Twenty pigs were randomized to receive a total dosage of 200 mg (0."	( Melatonin does not affect oxidative/inflammatory biomarkers in a closed-chest porcine model of acute myocardial infarction. Aarøe, J; Ekeløf, S; Gögenur, I; Halladin, NL; Heegaard, PM; Jensen, SE; Kjærgaard, B; Lykkesfeldt, J; Rosenberg, J, )	1.57
" We did not find a dose-response effect."	( Pharmacological interventions for sleepiness and sleep disturbances caused by shift work. Costa, G; Driscoll, TR; Isotalo, LK; Liira, J; Ruotsalainen, JH; Sallinen, M; Verbeek, JH, 2014)	0.4
" We present a proposal for a pilot double-blind randomised placebo-controlled dose-response trial aimed to determine whether oral melatonin supplementation during ovarian stimulation can improve the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology."	( A pilot double-blind randomised placebo-controlled dose-response trial assessing the effects of melatonin on infertility treatment (MIART): study protocol. Fernando, S; Osianlis, T; Rombauts, L; Vollenhoven, B; Wallace, E, 2014)	0.83
" A total of 20 landrace pigs were randomized to a dosage of 200 mg (0."	( Effects of intracoronary melatonin on ischemia-reperfusion injury in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Aarøe, J; Ekeløf, SV; Gögenur, I; Halladin, NL; Jensen, SE; Kjærgaard, B; Rosenberg, J; Simonsen, CW; Zaremba, T, 2016)	0.74
" Melatonin dosing needed for response ranged from 3 to 30 mg."	( How effective is melatonin as a preventive treatment for hemicrania continua? A clinic-based study. Rozen, TD, 2015)	1.67
" Melatonin positively regulates rhythmic neutrophil migration, as evidenced that treatment with melatonin at low dosage can significantly enhance neutrophil recruitment toward the injured site, which is attenuated by luzindole treatment and in pinealectomized fish."	( Melatonin regulates the rhythmic migration of neutrophils in live zebrafish. Hu, B; Hu, BB; Li, YJ; Ren, DL; Wang, H, 2015)	2.77
" Data extracted included information about study design, country of origin, number of participants and demographic details, type of surgery, type of anaesthesia, intervention and dosing regimen, preoperative anxiety outcome measures and postoperative anxiety outcome measures."	( Melatonin for pre- and postoperative anxiety in adults. Gögenur, I; Halladin, NL; Hansen, MV; Møller, AM; Rosenberg, J, 2015)	1.86
" The primary outcome was mean benzodiazepine daily dosage at 24 weeks."	( Prolonged-release melatonin versus placebo for benzodiazepine discontinuation in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: A randomised, placebo-controlled, blinded trial. Baandrup, L; Glenthoj, BY; Gluud, C; Lindschou, J; Winkel, P, 2016)	0.77
"Benzodiazepine dosage was comparably low between the groups after 24 weeks of guided gradual dose reduction."	( Prolonged-release melatonin versus placebo for benzodiazepine discontinuation in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: A randomised, placebo-controlled, blinded trial. Baandrup, L; Glenthoj, BY; Gluud, C; Lindschou, J; Winkel, P, 2016)	0.77
" In the first pair, patients of the main group (n = 31) received APTPA (a combination of 500 mg of glucosamine hydrochloride and 500 mg of chondroitin sulfate) in dosage 1 tablet twice a day during 1 month and then 1 tablet during 2 months plus melaxen (3 mg of melatonin 30-40 min before sleep), patients of the control group (n = 29) received only APTPA."	( [A role of melatonin in the treatment of low back pain]. Danilov, AB; Kurganova, YM, 2015)	0.99
" Reduced benzodiazepine dosage at the 24-week follow-up was associated with a significantly decreased proportion of stage 2 sleep."	( Objective and subjective sleep quality: Melatonin versus placebo add-on treatment in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder withdrawing from long-term benzodiazepine use. Baandrup, L; Glenthøj, BY; Jennum, PJ, 2016)	0.7
" Future research should focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms of benefit of melatonin in different headache disorders, as well as clarifying optimal dosing and formulation."	( The Role of Melatonin in the Treatment of Primary Headache Disorders. Gelfand, AA; Goadsby, PJ, 2016)	1.04
" All participants gradually tapered usual benzodiazepine dosage in a closely monitored treatment setting."	( Neurocognitive performance, subjective well-being, and psychosocial functioning after benzodiazepine withdrawal in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: a randomized clinical trial of add-on melatonin versus placebo. Baandrup, L; Fagerlund, B; Glenthoj, B, 2017)	0.64
"Neurotoxicity is a burdensome consequence of platinum-based chemotherapy that neutralizes the administration of effective dosage and often prompts treatment withdrawal."	( Neuroprotective effects of melatonin as evidenced by abrogation of oxaliplatin induced behavioral alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotoxicity in rat brain. Parvez, S; Tabassum, H; Waseem, M, 2016)	0.73
" However, this protective effect has never been evaluated in natural sunlight, and the optimal dosing has not been clarified."	( Dose dependent sun protective effect of topical melatonin: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Gögenur, I; Pommergaard, HC; Rosenberg, J; Scheuer, C, 2016)	0.69
" Participants were randomized to add-on treatment with prolonged-release melatonin (2 mg) or matching placebo, and usual benzodiazepine dosage was gradually tapered."	( Circadian rest-activity rhythms during benzodiazepine tapering covered by melatonin versus placebo add-on: data derived from a randomized clinical trial. Baandrup, L; Fasmer, OB; Glenthøj, BY; Jennum, PJ, 2016)	0.9
" Dose-response curves for pupillary constriction to 469-nm blue light and 631-nm red light were compared between young normal adults aged 21-30 years (n = 60) and older adults aged ≥50 years (normal, n = 54; mild cataract, n = 107; severe cataract, n = 18)."	( Pupillary responses to short-wavelength light are preserved in aging. Aung, T; Gooley, JJ; Milea, D; Rukmini, AV, 2017)	0.46
" In addition, we found a significant dose-response relationship between melanopic lux and changes in melatonin concentrations for 18 different lighting conditions (adjusted R²=0."	( Applying Melanopic Lux to Measure Biological Light Effects on Melatonin Suppression and Subjective Sleepiness. de Zeeuw, J; Hädel, S; Kozakov, R; Kunz, D; Münch, M; Nowozin, C; Rodenbeck, A; Schöpp, H; Wahnschaffe, A, 2017)	0.91
" Melatonin, a potent antioxidant, protects against hypoglycemic stress-induced brain endothelial tight junction injury in the dosage of 400 nmol/L in vitro."	( Melatonin ameliorates hypoglycemic stress-induced brain endothelial tight junction injury by inhibiting protein nitration of TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator. Ahmed, MM; Chen, DY; Chen, Z; Fukunaga, K; Gao, YP; Han, F; Jiang, Q; Li, M; Lu, NN; Lu, YM; Mahmood, Q; Qin, ZH; Tan, C; Wang, CK; Wilcox, CS, 2017)	2.81
" The concentrations reported presented considerable amplitude among different foods and even within the same species, possibly due to differences in cultivation and different hormonal dosing techniques."	( Melatonin intake and potential chronobiological effects on human health. Bressan, J; Gomes Domingos, AL; Hermsdorff, HHM, 2019)	1.96
" Management includes timed melatonin along with optional timed and dosed bright light exposure."	( Sleep Disorders: Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders. Burman, D, 2017)	0.75
" In general, the small sample sizes used in studies on acute alerting effects of light make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions and better powered studies are needed, especially studies that allow for the construction of dose-response curves."	( Acute alerting effects of light: A systematic literature review. Souman, JL; Te Pas, SF; Tinga, AM; van Ee, R; Vlaskamp, BNS, 2018)	0.48
"The current study revealed that ML and NAC are potent antioxidants with similar efficacy in terms of reducing CABG related cardiac injury and oxidative stress with the dosage employed for the intervention."	( Effects of N-acetyl cysteine and melatonin on early reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: A randomized, open-labeled, placebo-controlled trial. Akbarzadeh, S; Anvaripour, A; Bahtoei, M; Iranpour, D; Movahed, A; Netticadan, T; Ostovar, A; Raj, P; Shafiei, E; Shahryari, H; Tahmasebi, R, 2018)	0.76
" This information, coupled with pharmacokinetic data, will help to define the therapeutic dosage of melatonin in vivo and, ultimately, in patients."	( Melatonin Acts in Synergy with Hypothermia to Reduce Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Cell Death in Rat Hippocampus Organotypic Slice Cultures. Balduini, W; Buonocore, G; Carloni, S; Facchinetti, F; Pelizzi, N, 2018)	2.14
" This combination reduces the dosage for chemotherapeutic agents with the subsequent attenuation of side effects related to these drugs on normal cells around tumor and on healthy organs."	( Adjuvant chemotherapy with melatonin for targeting human cancers: A review. Farhood, B; Hashemi Goradel, N; Khanlarkhani, N; Mortezaee, K; Najafi, M; Namjoo, Z; Nashtaei, MS; Salehi, E, 2019)	0.81
" Further investigation on patient selection, type of antipsychotic, and dosing is needed."	( Pharmacologic Treatment of Intensive Care Unit Delirium and the Impact on Duration of Delirium, Length of Intensive Care Unit Stay, Length of Hospitalization, and 28-Day Mortality. Daniels, LM; Frank, RD; Nelson, SB; Park, JG, 2018)	0.48
" However, far less focus has been directed to clarifying the nature of melatonin dose-response relationships."	( New insights into the role of melatonin in plants and animals. Agathokleous, E; Calabrese, EJ; Kitao, M, 2019)	1.04
" Most adverse effects can likely be easily avoided or managed by dosing in accordance with natural circadian rhythms."	( Adverse events associated with oral administration of melatonin: A critical systematic review of clinical evidence. Foley, HM; Steel, AE, 2019)	0.76
" Each dog was then administered melatonin at a dosage of approximately 1 mg/kg, PO, q 12 hr for 14 days."	( Pharmacodynamic evaluation of the effects of oral melatonin on expression of the T-cell cytokines interleukin-2 and interferon gamma in the dog. Archer, T; Hoh, CM; Kumar, S; Mackin, A; Peace, AC; Wills, R, 2019)	1.05
" However, melatonin safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and dosage in this sensitive population are still unknown."	( Melatonin pharmacokinetics and dose extrapolation after enteral infusion in neonates subjected to hypothermia. Balduini, W; Bazzini, F; Buonocore, G; Carloni, S; Longini, M; Ott, D; Perrone, S; Rocchi, M; Rossignol, C; Sura, L; Wadhawan, R; Weiss, MD, 2019)	2.36
"Melatonin can be used as a protective agent for skin damage against intracellular detrimental effects of relatively high dosage of UVA irradiation."	( Melatonin attenuates the detrimental effects of UVA irradiation in human dermal fibroblasts by suppressing oxidative damage and MAPK/AP-1 signal pathway in vitro. Aktan, Ş; Erkmen, T; Güner Akdogan, G; Koçtürk, S; Oktay, G; Özkan, Ş; Resmi, H; Sert Serdar, B; Şimşek Keskin, H; Yüksel Egrilmez, M, 2019)	3.4
" Dose-response curves (amount and duration) for both white-light spectra and both age groups can guide lighting recommendations when considering circadian-effective light in applications such as offices, schools, residences, and healthcare facilities."	( Nocturnal Melatonin Suppression by Adolescents and Adults for Different Levels, Spectra, and Durations of Light Exposure. Figueiro, MG; Nagare, R; Plitnick, B; Rea, MS, 2019)	0.92
" However, there is still uncertainty concerning dosing regimens and a lack of other data."	( Pediatric sleep disturbances and treatment with melatonin. Argentiero, A; D'Alonzo, R; Di Genova, L; Esposito, S; Fattorusso, A; Laino, D; Mencarelli, A; Mencaroni, E, 2019)	0.77
"In contrast with studies in other populations, this preliminary study showed that nighttime dosing of continuous-release melatonin had no significant effect on nocturnal blood pressure in African Americans with essential hypertension when compared to placebo."	( Nighttime administration of high-dose, sustained-release melatonin does not decrease nocturnal blood pressure in African-American patients: Results from a preliminary randomized, crossover trial. Abramson, JL; Bliwise, DL; Bruckman, AM; Chapman, AB; Cotsonis, GA; Johnson, SA; Rahbari-Oskoui, FF, 2019)	0.97
" Challenges include timing, dosing and administration route for each neuroprotectant."	( Novel interventions to reduce oxidative-stress related brain injury in neonatal asphyxia. Cheung, PY; Schmölzer, GM; Solevåg, AL, 2019)	0.51
" However, 1 μM melatonin solution markedly alleviated these effects, especially at the higher dosage of UV-B radiation."	( Melatonin increases the performance of Malus hupehensis after UV-B exposure. Gao, T; Li, C; Liang, B; Lv, Z; Ma, F; Wei, Z; Zhang, Z; Zou, Y, 2019)	2.31
" The survey of Caenorhabditis elegans, which depends on time and dosage as the main outcome measures, was examined microscopically."	( The physiological and lifespan alterations in Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to different dosages of melatonin. Bilgic, E; Karadas, O; Karadas, S; Ozcelik, F; Ozpinar, N, 2019)	0.73
" Each study's objectives, measures of outcomes, and dosing strategies of melatonin were reviewed along with the results and author's conclusions."	( Review of Melatonin Supplementation for Sleep Disorders in Pediatric Special Populations. Abramova, R; Baron, J; Campbell, P; Parmar, S; Patel, K, 2020)	1.19
"Before the invention of electric lighting, humans were primarily exposed to intense (>300 lux) or dim (<30 lux) environmental light-stimuli at extreme ends of the circadian system's dose-response curve to light."	( High sensitivity and interindividual variability in the response of the human circadian system to evening light. Anderson, C; Burns, AC; Cain, SW; Lockley, SW; McGlashan, EM; Phillips, AJK; Rajaratnam, SMW; Vidafar, P, 2019)	0.51
" The recommended dosage was 3 mg of melatonin once to achieve an anesthetic depth index or a bispectral index of 40."	( Premedication effect of melatonin on propofol induction dose for anesthesia, anxiety, orientation and sedation after abdominal surgery: a double-blinded randomized trial. Akrami, L; Fateh, S; Kamali, A; Modir, H; Norouzi, A, )	0.71
" Melatonin-containing supplements are easily found in online and high street retailers, and despite its supplementation deemed to be relatively safe, no consensus has been reached on effective dosage and supplementation period."	( The usefulness of melatonin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Bueno, AA; Genario, R; Morello, E; Santos, HO, 2019)	1.76
" While optimal dosing remains an unanswered question, the potential benefit of melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists may make them a reasonable option to use for delirium prevention in older adults undergoing surgical procedures."	( Melatonin for the prevention of postoperative delirium in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Axon, DR; Campbell, AM; Lee, JK; Martin, JR; Mollon, L; Slack, MK, 2019)	2.18
" The analysis of the studies presented limitations, including lack of homogeneity of treatment dosage and duration."	( Influence of Dietary Sources of Melatonin on Sleep Quality: A Review. Hachul, H; Naufel, MF; Pereira, N; Ribeiro, EB; Tufik, S, 2020)	0.84
" This inhibition gradually weakened with time, since the degree of inhibition is negatively related with the dosage of melatonin."	( Effect of melatonin on T/B cell activation and immune regulation in pinealectomy mice. Chen, X; Huang, J; Lin, X; Luo, J; Song, J; Sun, H; Zhang, Z; Zhou, R, 2020)	1.17
" Despite intensive investigation, there is considerable confusion and seemingly conflicting data on the metabolic effects of melatonin and MTNR1B variation, and disagreement on whether melatonin is metabolically beneficial or deleterious, a crucial issue for melatonin agonist/antagonist drug development and dosing time."	( Melatonin Effects on Glucose Metabolism: Time To Unlock the Controversy. Arendt, J; Florez, JC; Garaulet, M; Qian, J; Saxena, R; Scheer, FAJL, 2020)	2.21
"To examine the literature on pre-treatment with melatonin for successful completion of Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) testing in pediatric patients and evaluate melatonin dosing protocols."	( Efficacy of melatonin for auditory brainstem response testing in children: A systematic review. Behrman, DB; Bishop, JL; Carroll, WW; Godsell, J; Prosser, JD; Shirley, B; Storey, S, 2020)	1.19
" Studies meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria reported success rate of ABR testing using melatonin pre-treatment, dosage of melatonin used, duration of sleep, and whether adverse events occurred."	( Efficacy of melatonin for auditory brainstem response testing in children: A systematic review. Behrman, DB; Bishop, JL; Carroll, WW; Godsell, J; Prosser, JD; Shirley, B; Storey, S, 2020)	1.16
" Dosing patterns are highly variable."	( Efficacy of melatonin for auditory brainstem response testing in children: A systematic review. Behrman, DB; Bishop, JL; Carroll, WW; Godsell, J; Prosser, JD; Shirley, B; Storey, S, 2020)	0.94
" In the latter two groups, the animals drank water dosed with melatonin ad libitum (10 mg/100 mL)."	( Melatonin as an Agent for Direct Pulp-Capping Treatment. Alcaina-Lorente, A; Guerrero-Gironés, J; Martínez, CM; Ortiz-Ruiz, AJ; Ortiz-Ruiz, C; Ortiz-Ruiz, E; Pecci-Lloret, MP; Rodríguez-Lozano, FJ, 2020)	2.24
" Fifty Wistar albino rats were divided into the following groups: GC: rats without induction of diabetes by streptozotocin; GD: rats induced to diabetes by streptozotocin and treated with placebo; GDM: rats induced to diabetes by streptozotocin and after confirmation treated with melatonin at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 20 days; GDMS: rats induced to diabetes by streptozotocin and treated simultaneously with melatonin at a dosage of 10 mg/kg for 20 days; GDI: rats induced to diabetes by streptozotocin and after confirmation treated with insulin for 20 days."	( Melatonin regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines, VEGF and apoptosis in diabetic retinopathy in rats. Almeida, LL; Bezerra de Sá, F; Cavalcanti Lapa Neto, CJ; Coelho Teixeira, ÁA; Ferreira de Melo, IM; Lima da Silva Souza, EH; Martins Ferreira, CG; Paz de Castro, MV; Teixeira, VW, 2020)	2.18
" The dynamic circadian oscillator is revised according to the melanopic irradiance definition and tested against experimental circadian phase resetting dose-response and phase response data."	( Modeling melanopsin-mediated effects of light on circadian phase, melatonin suppression, and subjective sleepiness. Lockley, SW; McCloskey, S; Postnova, S; Robinson, PA; Tekieh, T; Zobaer, MS, 2020)	0.8
" On the other hand, MLT-enriched sol-gel materials presented potential effects in the adsorption of proteins related to inflammation, coagulation and angiogenesis pathways depending on the dosage used."	( A possible use of melatonin in the dental field: Protein adsorption and in vitro cell response on coated titanium. Araújo-Gomes, N; Azkargorta, M; Cerqueira, A; Elortza, F; García-Arnáez, I; Goñi, I; Gurruchaga, M; Martinez-Ramos, C; Ozturan, S; Romero-Gavilán, F; Suay, J, 2020)	0.89
"Findings will provide timely information on the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing of t-PA to treat moderate/severe COVID-19-induced ARDS, which can be rapidly adapted to a phase III trial (NCT04357730; FDA IND 149634)."	( Abbasi, S; Abd El-Wahab, A; Abdallah, M; Abebe, G; Aca-Aca, G; Adama, S; Adefegha, SA; Adidigue-Ndiome, R; Adiseshaiah, P; Adrario, E; Aghajanian, C; Agnese, W; Ahmad, A; Ahmad, I; Ahmed, MFE; Akcay, OF; Akinmoladun, AC; Akutagawa, T; Alakavuklar, MA; Álava-Rabasa, S; Albaladejo-Florín, MJ; Alexandra, AJE; Alfawares, R; Alferiev, IS; Alghamdi, HS; Ali, I; Allard, B; Allen, JD; Almada, E; Alobaid, A; Alonso, GL; Alqahtani, YS; Alqarawi, W; Alsaleh, H; Alyami, BA; Amaral, BPD; Amaro, JT; Amin, SAW; Amodio, E; Amoo, ZA; Andia Biraro, I; Angiolella, L; Anheyer, D; Anlay, DZ; Annex, BH; Antonio-Aguirre, B; Apple, S; Arbuznikov, AV; Arinsoy, T; Armstrong, DK; Ash, S; Aslam, M; Asrie, F; Astur, DC; Atzrodt, J; Au, DW; Aucoin, M; Auerbach, EJ; Azarian, S; Ba, D; Bai, Z; Baisch, PRM; Balkissou, AD; Baltzopoulos, V; Banaszewski, M; Banerjee, S; Bao, Y; Baradwan, A; Barandika, JF; Barger, PM; Barion, MRL; Barrett, CD; Basudan, AM; Baur, LE; Baz-Rodríguez, SA; Beamer, P; Beaulant, A; Becker, DF; Beckers, C; Bedel, J; Bedlack, R; Bermúdez de Castro, JM; Berry, JD; Berthier, C; Bhattacharya, D; Biadgo, B; Bianco, G; Bianco, M; Bibi, S; Bigliardi, AP; Billheimer, D; Birnie, DH; Biswas, K; Blair, HC; Bognetti, P; Bolan, PJ; Bolla, JR; Bolze, A; Bonnaillie, P; Borlimi, R; Bórquez, J; Bottari, NB; Boulleys-Nana, JR; Brighetti, G; Brodeur, GM; Budnyak, T; Budnyk, S; Bukirwa, VD; Bulman, DM; Burm, R; Busman-Sahay, K; Butcher, TW; Cai, C; Cai, H; Cai, L; Cairati, M; Calvano, CD; Camacho-Ordóñez, A; Camela, E; Cameron, T; Campbell, BS; Cansian, RL; Cao, Y; Caporale, AS; Carciofi, AC; Cardozo, V; Carè, J; Carlos, AF; Carozza, R; Carroll, CJW; Carsetti, A; Carubelli, V; Casarotta, E; Casas, M; Caselli, G; Castillo-Lora, J; Cataldi, TRI; Cavalcante, ELB; Cavaleiro, A; Cayci, Z; Cebrián-Tarancón, C; Cedrone, E; Cella, D; Cereda, C; Ceretti, A; Ceroni, M; Cha, YH; Chai, X; Chang, EF; Chang, TS; Chanteux, H; Chao, M; Chaplin, BP; Chaturvedi, S; Chaturvedi, V; Chaudhary, DK; Chen, A; Chen, C; Chen, HY; Chen, J; Chen, JJ; Chen, K; Chen, L; Chen, Q; Chen, R; Chen, SY; Chen, TY; Chen, WM; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Cheng, G; Cheng, GJ; Cheng, J; Cheng, YH; Cheon, HG; Chew, KW; Chhoker, S; Chiu, WN; Choi, ES; Choi, MJ; Choi, SD; Chokshi, S; Chorny, M; Chu, KI; Chu, WJ; Church, AL; Cirrincione, A; Clamp, AR; Cleff, MB; Cohen, M; Coleman, RL; Collins, SL; Colombo, N; Conduit, N; Cong, WL; Connelly, MA; Connor, J; Cooley, K; Correa Ramos Leal, I; Cose, S; Costantino, C; Cottrell, M; Cui, L; Cundall, J; Cutaia, C; Cutler, CW; Cuypers, ML; da Silva Júnior, FMR; Dahal, RH; Damiani, E; Damtie, D; Dan-Li, W; Dang, Z; Dasa, SSK; Davin, A; Davis, DR; de Andrade, CM; de Jong, PL; de Oliveira, D; de Paula Dorigam, JC; Dean, A; Deepa, M; Delatour, C; Dell'Aiera, S; Delley, MF; den Boer, RB; Deng, L; Deng, Q; Depner, RM; Derdau, V; Derici, U; DeSantis, AJ; Desmarini, D; Diffo-Sonkoue, L; Divizia, M; Djenabou, A; Djordjevic, JT; Dobrovolskaia, MA; Domizi, R; Donati, A; Dong, Y; Dos Santos, M; Dos Santos, MP; Douglas, RG; Duarte, PF; Dullaart, RPF; Duscha, BD; Edwards, LA; Edwards, TE; Eichenwald, EC; El-Baba, TJ; Elashiry, M; Elashiry, MM; Elashry, SH; Elliott, A; Elsayed, R; Emerson, MS; Emmanuel, YO; Emory, TH; Endale-Mangamba, LM; Enten, GA; Estefanía-Fernández, K; Estes, JD; Estrada-Mena, FJ; Evans, S; Ezra, L; Faria de, RO; Farraj, AK; Favre, C; Feng, B; Feng, J; Feng, L; Feng, W; Feng, X; Feng, Z; Fernandes, CLF; Fernández-Cuadros, ME; Fernie, AR; Ferrari, D; Florindo, PR; Fong, PC; Fontes, EPB; Fontinha, D; Fornari, VJ; Fox, NP; Fu, Q; Fujitaka, Y; Fukuhara, K; Fumeaux, T; Fuqua, C; Fustinoni, S; Gabbanelli, V; Gaikwad, S; Gall, ET; Galli, A; Gancedo, MA; Gandhi, MM; Gao, D; Gao, K; Gao, M; Gao, Q; Gao, X; Gao, Y; Gaponenko, V; Garber, A; Garcia, EM; García-Campos, C; García-Donas, J; García-Pérez, AL; Gasparri, F; Ge, C; Ge, D; Ge, JB; Ge, X; George, I; George, LA; Germani, G; Ghassemi Tabrizi, S; Gibon, Y; Gillent, E; Gillies, RS; Gilmour, MI; Goble, S; Goh, JC; Goiri, F; Goldfinger, LE; Golian, M; Gómez, MA; Gonçalves, J; Góngora-García, OR; Gonul, I; González, MA; Govers, TM; Grant, PC; Gray, EH; Gray, JE; Green, MS; Greenwald, I; Gregory, MJ; Gretzke, D; Griffin-Nolan, RJ; Griffith, DC; Gruppen, EG; Guaita, A; Guan, P; Guan, X; Guerci, P; Guerrero, DT; Guo, M; Guo, P; Guo, R; Guo, X; Gupta, J; Guz, G; Hajizadeh, N; Hamada, H; Haman-Wabi, AB; Han, TT; Hannan, N; Hao, S; Harjola, VP; Harmon, M; Hartmann, MSM; Hartwig, JF; Hasani, M; Hawthorne, WJ; Haykal-Coates, N; Hazari, MS; He, DL; He, P; He, SG; Héau, C; Hebbar Kannur, K; Helvaci, O; Heuberger, DM; Hidalgo, F; Hilty, MP; Hirata, K; Hirsch, A; Hoffman, AM; Hoffmann, JF; Holloway, RW; Holmes, RK; Hong, S; Hongisto, M; Hopf, NB; Hörlein, R; Hoshino, N; Hou, Y; Hoven, NF; Hsieh, YY; Hsu, CT; Hu, CW; Hu, JH; Hu, MY; Hu, Y; Hu, Z; Huang, C; Huang, D; Huang, DQ; Huang, L; Huang, Q; Huang, R; Huang, S; Huang, SC; Huang, W; Huang, Y; Huffman, KM; Hung, CH; Hung, CT; Huurman, R; Hwang, SM; Hyun, S; Ibrahim, AM; Iddi-Faical, A; Immordino, P; Isla, MI; Jacquemond, V; Jacques, T; Jankowska, E; Jansen, JA; Jäntti, T; Jaque-Fernandez, F; Jarvis, GA; Jatt, LP; Jeon, JW; Jeong, SH; Jhunjhunwala, R; Ji, F; Jia, X; Jia, Y; Jian-Bo, Z; Jiang, GD; Jiang, L; Jiang, W; Jiang, WD; Jiang, Z; Jiménez-Hoyos, CA; Jin, S; Jobling, MG; John, CM; John, T; Johnson, CB; Jones, KI; Jones, WS; Joseph, OO; Ju, C; Judeinstein, P; Junges, A; Junnarkar, M; Jurkko, R; Kaleka, CC; Kamath, AV; Kang, X; Kantsadi, AL; Kapoor, M; Karim, Z; Kashuba, ADM; Kassa, E; Kasztura, M; Kataja, A; Katoh, T; Kaufman, JS; Kaupp, M; Kehinde, O; Kehrenberg, C; Kemper, N; Kerr, CW; Khan, AU; Khan, MF; Khan, ZUH; Khojasteh, SC; Kilburn, S; Kim, CG; Kim, DU; Kim, DY; Kim, HJ; Kim, J; Kim, OH; Kim, YH; King, C; Klein, A; Klingler, L; Knapp, AK; Ko, TK; Kodavanti, UP; Kolla, V; Kong, L; Kong, RY; Kong, X; Kore, S; Kortz, U; Korucu, B; Kovacs, A; Krahnert, I; Kraus, WE; Kuang, SY; Kuehn-Hajder, JE; Kurz, M; Kuśtrowski, P; Kwak, YD; Kyttaris, VC; Laga, SM; Laguerre, A; Laloo, A; Langaro, MC; Langham, MC; Lao, X; Larocca, MC; Lassus, J; Lattimer, TA; Lazar, S; Le, MH; Leal, DB; Leal, M; Leary, A; Ledermann, JA; Lee, JF; Lee, MV; Lee, NH; Leeds, CM; Leeds, JS; Lefrandt, JD; Leicht, AS; Leonard, M; Lev, S; Levy, K; Li, B; Li, C; Li, CM; Li, DH; Li, H; Li, J; Li, L; Li, LJ; Li, N; Li, P; Li, T; Li, X; Li, XH; Li, XQ; Li, XX; Li, Y; Li, Z; Li, ZY; Liao, YF; Lin, CC; Lin, MH; Lin, Y; Ling, Y; Links, TP; Lira-Romero, E; Liu, C; Liu, D; Liu, H; Liu, J; Liu, L; Liu, LP; Liu, M; Liu, T; Liu, W; Liu, X; Liu, XH; Liu, Y; Liuwantara, D; Ljumanovic, N; Lobo, L; Lokhande, K; Lopes, A; Lopes, RMRM; López-Gutiérrez, JC; López-Muñoz, MJ; López-Santamaría, M; Lorenzo, C; Lorusso, D; Losito, I; Lu, C; Lu, H; Lu, HZ; Lu, SH; Lu, SN; Lu, Y; Lu, ZY; Luboga, F; Luo, JJ; Luo, KL; Luo, Y; Lutomski, CA; Lv, W; M Piedade, MF; Ma, J; Ma, JQ; Ma, JX; Ma, N; Ma, P; Ma, S; Maciel, M; Madureira, M; Maganaris, C; Maginn, EJ; Mahnashi, MH; Maierhofer, M; Majetschak, M; Malla, TR; Maloney, L; 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Xun, J; Yaffe, MB; Yalew, A; Yamamoto, S; Yan, D; Yan, H; Yan, S; Yan, X; Yang, AD; Yang, E; Yang, H; Yang, J; Yang, JL; Yang, K; Yang, M; Yang, P; Yang, Q; Yang, S; Yang, W; Yang, X; Yang, Y; Yao, JC; Yao, WL; Yao, Y; Yaqub, TB; Ye, J; Ye, W; Yen, CW; Yeter, HH; Yin, C; Yip, V; Yong-Yi, J; Yu, HJ; Yu, MF; Yu, S; Yu, W; Yu, WW; Yu, X; Yuan, P; Yuan, Q; Yue, XY; Zaia, AA; Zakhary, SY; Zalwango, F; Zamalloa, A; Zamparo, P; Zampini, IC; Zani, JL; Zeitoun, R; Zeng, N; Zenteno, JC; Zepeda-Palacio, C; Zhai, C; Zhang, B; Zhang, G; Zhang, J; Zhang, K; Zhang, Q; Zhang, R; Zhang, T; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhang, YY; Zhao, B; Zhao, D; Zhao, G; Zhao, H; Zhao, Q; Zhao, R; Zhao, S; Zhao, T; Zhao, X; Zhao, XA; Zhao, Y; Zhao, Z; Zheng, Z; Zhi-Min, G; Zhou, CL; Zhou, HD; Zhou, J; Zhou, W; Zhou, XQ; Zhou, Z; Zhu, C; Zhu, H; Zhu, L; Zhu, Y; Zitzmann, N; Zou, L; Zou, Y, 2022)	0.72
" Among PD patients, a clear and robust dose-response association was found between levodopa equivalent dose and UME, independent of potential confounding factors, including Parkinson's disease severity."	( Melatonin secretion in patients with Parkinson's disease receiving different-dose levodopa therapy. Kataoka, H; Kurumatani, N; Obayashi, K; Saeki, K; Sugie, K, 2020)	2
" Implications and challenges for future research regarding the timing of blood sampling, timing and dosage of supplement intake and investigating the response dynamics are discussed."	( Effects of vitamin D on mood and sleep in the healthy population: Interpretations from the serotonergic pathway. Huiberts, LM; Smolders, KCHJ, 2021)	0.62
" We found that intravitreal delivery of high dosage melatonin (400-500 µg/kg) destroyed the retinal architecture and impaired the visual function of mice."	( Intravitreous delivery of melatonin affects the retinal neuron survival and visual signal transmission: Du, E; Hu, B; Li, H; Ma, J; Ma, Z; Song, Z; Tao, Y; Wang, G; Xing, B, 2020)	1.11
" Supplementation dosage studies and more thorough clinical trials are needed to ascertain not only the relevance of such findings but also the efficacy of melatonin supplementation."	( Melatonin supplementation in the management of obesity and obesity-associated disorders: A review of physiological mechanisms and clinical applications. Bueno, AA; Cipolla-Neto, J; Genario, R; Santos, HO, 2021)	2.26
" Some studies report that dosing of melatonin decreases cocaine-induced locomotor activity and cocaine self-administration and that luzindole, an MT1, and MT2 melatonin receptor antagonist, blocks the melatonin-dependent decrease in cocaine-induced locomotor activity."	( Melatonin decreases cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization and cocaine-conditioned place preference in rats. Barbosa-Méndez, S; Becerril-Villanueva, E; Pérez-Sánchez, G; Salazar-Juárez, A, 2021)	2.34
" MDA level also decreased using dosage of below 20 mg/d and in people ≥35 years old."	( Effects of melatonin supplementation on oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Djafari, F; Ghorbaninejad, P; Mohammadpour, S; Shab-Bidar, S; Sheikhhossein, F; Tijani, AJ, 2020)	0.95
" Data extracted included information about study design, country of origin, number of participants and demographic details, type of surgery, type of anaesthesia, intervention and dosing regimens, preoperative anxiety outcome measures, and postoperative anxiety outcome measures."	( Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults. Madsen, BK; Møller, AM; Rosenberg, J; Zetner, D, 2020)	2
" The optimum dosage and formulation of melatonin, and treatment duration remain uncleared and open to further studies with larger sample sizes."	( Melatonin for delirium prevention in hospitalized patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Khaing, K; Nair, BR, 2021)	2.33
" An amount of 1 to 2 g per day of vitamin C demonstrated efficacy both in CRP and endothelial function, and a dosage of melatonin ranging from 5 to 25 mg /day showed good evidence of efficacy in CRP, TNF and IL6."	( Does Evidence Exist to Blunt Inflammatory Response by Nutraceutical Supplementation during COVID-19 Pandemic? An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Melatonin, and Zinc. Argano, C; Cavezzi, A; Corrao, S; Lo Monaco, M; Mallaci Bocchio, R; Natoli, G; Troiani, E, 2021)	1.02
" To extend this agent to the fresh-cut industry, it is necessary to determine the universal dosage of MT needed for application efficiency."	( Effects of melatonin treatment on browning alleviation of fresh-cut foods. He, J; Wang, B; Wu, C; Xiao, Y; Xie, J, 2021)	1.01
" The effects of these five neuromodulators on Alzheimer's disease (AD) are briefly examined in this paper, and it is hypothesized that each of the five molecules has a u-shaped (or Janus-faced) dose-response curve, wherein too little or too much signaling is pathological in AD and possibly other diseases."	( Norepinephrine May Oppose Other Neuromodulators to Impact Alzheimer's Disease. Fitzgerald, PJ, 2021)	0.62
"\ More extensive trials with longer durations and higher dosage forms and studies including bright\ light therapy and melatonin agonists (ramelteon, agomelatine, and tasimelteon) should be performed\ to determine the efficacy of melatonin to treat SD in AD."	( Melatonin and Sleep Disturbances in Alzheimer's Disease. Cavestro, C; Islam, MA; Kamal, MA; Prodhan, AHMSU, 2021)	2.27
" Melatonin doses were categorized as being either ICU or non-ICU administered and dosed during daytime versus nighttime, respectively."	( Melatonin Administration Patterns for Pediatric Inpatients in a Tertiary Children's Hospital. Kudchadkar, SR; Procaccini, DE, 2021)	2.97
" Although no significant differences were observed in LPO between the control and samples supplemented with 2 mM melatonin, it was observed that this dosage of melatonin allowed higher VCL and VSL and reduced values of CAT."	( Effects of melatonin supplementation on the quality of cryopreserved sperm in the neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus. Egger, RC; Monteiro, KS; Motta, NC; Solis Murgas, LD; Vogel de Oliveira, A, 2022)	1.32
" Switching to morning dosing or to an alternative drug may help."	( [Sleep disorders in patients with a neurocognitive disorder]. Carrier, J; Dang-Vu, TT; Moderie, C, 2022)	0.72
" In addition, required active ingredients may not be available in the doses or dosage forms needed."	( A Compendium of Compounding Agents and Formulations, Part 1: Melatonin. Riepl, M, )	0.37
" Using meta-ANOVA, studies on healthy participants showed advancing effects of melatonergic supplements and agonists on sleep-wake cycle according to dosing time and dosage, despite the fact that the original individual melatonin rhythm was within a normal range (fixed effect model standardized mean difference [95% Confidence Interval] = -0."	( Melatonergic agents influence the sleep-wake and circadian rhythms in healthy and psychiatric participants: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Beaulieu, S; Linnaranta, O; Moon, E; Partonen, T, 2022)	0.91
" Furthermore, the non-cytolytic and non-cytotoxic metronomic dosage of hydroxyurea and temozolomide had increased the DBM therapy outcome by strengthening anti-tumor capability."	( A retrospective observational study on cases of anaplastic brain tumors treated with the Di Bella Method: A rationale and effectiveness. Borghetto, V; Costanzo, E; Di Bella, G, 2021)	0.62
" In addition, the effects of different combinations of MLT dosage and duration, administration types and joint measures are worthy of further study."	( Effect of melatonin on quality of life and symptoms in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Bu, X; Chen, H; Fan, R; Li, X; Tan, Y; Wang, T; Yang, S, 2022)	1.12
" Furthermore, the non-cytolytic and non-cytotoxic metronomic hydroxyurea dosage increased the biological therapy outcome by strengthening antitumor capability."	( A retrospective observational study on cases of osteosarcomas treated with a multitherapy: The rationale and effectiveness. Borghetto, V; Costanzo, E; Di Bella, G; Di Bella, L; Moscato, I, 2022)	0.72
" Recent meta-analysis suggests that optimal dosage and dosing time might be important to maximize the efficacy of melatonin."	( Role of Melatonin in the Management of Sleep and Circadian Disorders in the Context of Psychiatric Illness. Kim, K; Linnaranta, O; Moon, E; Partonen, T, 2022)	1.37
" Thus, clinical studies, exploration of the therapeutic potential and the molecular mechanisms of all the compounds, and development of convenient dosage forms either for therapeutic or functional food purposes are warranted."	( Research progress on Walnut oil: Bioactive compounds, health benefits, extraction methods, and medicinal uses. Cong, Z; Gao, P; He, M; Liu, C; Song, H; Wang, C, 2022)	0.72
"Distinguishing circadian timing from other sleep phenotypes will allow adaptation for dosage of time-directed intervention, useful in stabilizing circadian timekeeping physiology and potentially reducing the multisystemic disruption in mental health disorders."	( Phenotypic divergence in sleep and circadian cycles linked by affective state and environmental risk related to psychosis. Alexander, I; Cosgrave, J; Foster, RG; Middleton, B; Porcheret, K; Purple, RJ; Wulff, K, 2023)	0.91
" The stem cell and melatonin group got the same dosage of melatonin as the prior group."	( A comparative study between the possible protective role of melatonin versus its combination with adipose derived-mesenchymal stem cells on experimentally induced diabetic retinopathy in adult male albino rats (Histological and immunohistochemical study). Elsammak, GA; Elsayed, TG; Mostafa, SA; Reda, S, 2023)	1.48
" Importantly, most participants indicated their interest in upskilling their knowledge in melatonin use in sleep, specifically formulation differences and dosage titration."	( Pharmacists' perspectives and attitudes towards the 2021 down-scheduling of melatonin in Australia using the Theoretical Domains Framework: a mixed-methods study. Bin, YS; Cheung, JMY; Lee, SKM; Yeung, KWCM, 2023)	1.36
" This study demonstrates that melatonin and isoprothiolane function synergistically and can be used to reduce the dosage and residual level of isoprothiolane, potentially contributing to the environment-friendly and sustainable control of crop diseases."	( Melatonin targets MoIcl1 and works synergistically with fungicide isoprothiolane in rice blast control. Bi, R; Cai, H; Chen, XL; Li, G; Li, Q; Li, R; Luo, CX; Sun, P; Teng, H; Wu, B; Xu, Z; Yang, W; Zhao, J; Zheng, L; Zhou, Y, 2023)	2.64
" Male mice were dosed with lead acetate (500 mg/L) in free drinking water for 12 weeks, and administered melatonin (5 mg/kg) or vitamin C (500 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection."	( Melatonin or vitamin C attenuates lead acetate-induced testicular oxidative and inflammatory damage in mice by inhibiting oxidative stress mediated NF-κB signaling. Mei, S; Wang, J; Wang, XZ; Yin, YR; Zhang, JJ; Zhao, ZM; Zheng, QY, 2023)	2.57
" Consequently, an alternative administration route is needed to improve bioavailability and establish the optimal dosage of melatonin for cancer treatment."	( Intratumoral injection of melatonin enhances tumor regression in cell line-derived and patient-derived xenografts of head and neck cancer by increasing mitochondrial oxidative stress. Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Carriel, V; Escames, G; Fernández-Gil, BI; Fernández-Martínez, J; Florido, J; García-Tárraga, P; Garcia-Verdugo, JM; González-García, P; Guerra-Librero, A; López-Rodríguez, A; Martinez-Ruiz, L; Oppel, F; Rodriguez-Santana, C; Rusanova, I; Sánchez-Porras, D; Sudhoff, H; Ten-Steve, A, 2023)	1.42