An agent that produces a soft formed stool, and relaxes and loosens the bowels, typically used over a protracted period, to relieve constipation. Compare with cathartic, which is a substance that accelerates defecation. A substances can be both a laxative and a cathartic.
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|
| alloin | A diastereoisomeric mixture of aloin A (barbaloin) and aloin B (isobarbaloin), which have similar properties. It is a bitter-tasting, yellow-brown colored compound found in the exudate of at least 68 Aloe species at levels of up to 6.6% of leaf dry weight (making between 3% and 35% of the total exudate), and in another 17 species at indeterminate levels. It is used as a stimulant-laxative, treating constipation by inducing bowel movements. | aloin |
| alloin | A C-glycosyl compound that is beta-D-glucopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group is replaced by a 4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-10-oxo-9,10-dihydroanthracen-9-yl moiety (the 9S diastereoisomer). | aloin A |
| emodin | A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs. | emodin |
| isobarbaloin | A C-glycosyl compound that is beta-D-glucopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group is replaced by a 4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-10-oxo-9,10-dihydroanthracen-9-yl moiety (the 9R diastereoisomer). | aloin B |
| lactitol | A glycosyl alditol consisting of beta-D-galactopyranose and D-glucitol joined by a 1->4 glycosidic bond. It is used as a laxative, as an excipient, and as replacement bulk sweetener in some low-calorie foods. | lactitol |
| lactulose | A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. | lactulose |
| magnesium citrate | A magnesium salt composed of magnesium and citrate ions in a 3:2 ratio. | trimagnesium dicitrate |
| maltitol | An alpha-D-glucoside consisting of D-glucitol having an alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 4-position. Used as a sugar substitute. | maltitol |
| pentaerythritol | A tetrol that is neopentane in which one of the methyl hydrogens of all four methyl groups are replaced by hydroxy groups. It is a chemical intermediate used in the production of explosives, plastics, paints, appliances, and cosmetics. | pentaerythritol |
| sorbitol | The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol). | D-glucitol |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|
| 15-lipoxygenase, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase | Leishmania major strain Friedlin | Potency | 37.9330 | 1 | 1 |
| 67.9K protein | Vaccinia virus | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| acetylcholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.5351 | 1 | 1 |
| aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 16.3673 | 1 | 3 |
| AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 20.8005 | 10 | 17 |
| aryl hydrocarbon receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.3910 | 3 | 6 |
| arylsulfatase A | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 2.1331 | 1 | 1 |
| ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase | Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927 | Potency | 23.9341 | 1 | 1 |
| atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 23.9341 | 1 | 1 |
| atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 26.1216 | 1 | 1 |
| Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.5481 | 2 | 2 |
| caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.0057 | 1 | 1 |
| caspase-3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.0057 | 1 | 1 |
| Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 16.5850 | 3 | 5 |
| cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.6228 | 2 | 2 |
| Chain A, Cruzipain | Trypanosoma cruzi | Potency | 3.1623 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Ferritin light chain | Equus caballus (horse) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, HADH2 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.3981 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 44.6684 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.2727 | 2 | 5 |
| Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 26.8303 | 1 | 3 |
| Chain B, HADH2 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.3981 | 1 | 1 |
| chromobox protein homolog 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.8643 | 2 | 3 |
| cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 16.5311 | 1 | 2 |
| cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.9622 | 1 | 2 |
| cytochrome P450 2C9, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 37.9083 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.1060 | 1 | 2 |
| cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.1326 | 1 | 2 |
| DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 23.7150 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA polymerase beta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.2202 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA polymerase eta isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.8489 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA polymerase III, partial | Bacillus subtilis | Potency | 23.7781 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 40.4300 | 1 | 3 |
| DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 61.3563 | 1 | 2 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 20.8409 | 11 | 24 |
| estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 13.3475 | 3 | 6 |
| estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 33.2213 | 7 | 10 |
| euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.2980 | 1 | 2 |
| EWS/FLI fusion protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 29.5659 | 1 | 1 |
| farnesoid X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 30.9080 | 3 | 4 |
| flap endonuclease 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 37.6601 | 2 | 4 |
| G | Vesicular stomatitis virus | Potency | 37.9083 | 1 | 1 |
| GABA theta subunit | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| geminin | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 8.2176 | 3 | 5 |
| GLI family zinc finger 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 29.7957 | 2 | 4 |
| GLS protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 2.8184 | 1 | 1 |
| glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens] | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.3181 | 4 | 5 |
| Glutamate receptor 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 48.5577 | 1 | 1 |
| heat shock protein beta-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 26.9178 | 1 | 1 |
| Histamine H2 receptor | Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig) | Potency | 5.9622 | 1 | 6 |
| histone deacetylase 9 isoform 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.4211 | 2 | 4 |
| Histone H2A.x | Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster) | Potency | 51.2571 | 2 | 4 |
| HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 37.9083 | 1 | 1 |
| hypothetical protein, conserved | Trypanosoma brucei | Potency | 9.5283 | 1 | 1 |
| hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.7162 | 1 | 1 |
| hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 37.9083 | 1 | 2 |
| Inositol monophosphatase 1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1 | 1 |
| Integrin alpha-IIb | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1 | 1 |
| Integrin beta-3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1 | 1 |
| Interferon beta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 37.9083 | 1 | 1 |
| interleukin 8 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 66.8242 | 1 | 1 |
| lamin isoform A-delta10 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0056 | 1 | 1 |
| lethal factor (plasmid) | Bacillus anthracis str. A2012 | Potency | 2.5119 | 1 | 1 |
| Luciferase | Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly) | Potency | 33.2421 | 1 | 2 |
| M-phase phosphoprotein 8 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.2160 | 1 | 2 |
| Microtubule-associated protein tau | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 9.4562 | 1 | 2 |
| mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.9048 | 2 | 2 |
| muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.8489 | 1 | 1 |
| nonstructural protein 1 | Influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1)) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 20.5962 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 9.2832 | 4 | 8 |
| Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 42.1632 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 32.7813 | 3 | 5 |
| parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1 | 1 |
| peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.1187 | 1 | 1 |
| peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 24.8066 | 3 | 4 |
| peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 23.9164 | 3 | 5 |
| potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 33.9163 | 2 | 3 |
| progesterone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.6232 | 1 | 2 |
| RAR-related orphan receptor gamma | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 26.6344 | 2 | 5 |
| regulator of G-protein signaling 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.3703 | 1 | 2 |
| retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.8634 | 3 | 6 |
| retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 16.6125 | 2 | 2 |
| serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 26.6795 | 1 | 1 |
| SMAD family member 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 23.9129 | 2 | 3 |
| SMAD family member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 23.9129 | 2 | 3 |
| Spike glycoprotein | Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | Potency | 25.1189 | 1 | 1 |
| TDP1 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.4728 | 2 | 4 |
| thioredoxin reductase | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 9.4698 | 2 | 3 |
| Thrombopoietin | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.5893 | 2 | 2 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 15.8893 | 2 | 6 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 112.2020 | 1 | 1 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.3811 | 2 | 7 |
| transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.1838 | 1 | 1 |
| USP1 protein, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.1187 | 1 | 1 |
| vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 23.4489 | 4 | 6 |
| vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 89.1251 | 1 | 1 |
| Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 48.5577 | 1 | 1 |