Page last updated: 2024-08-05 15:19:35

anaesthetic

Substance which produces loss of feeling or sensation.

ChEBI ID: 38867

Members (10)

MemberDefinitionClass
1,2-difluorobenzeneA difluorobenzene carrying fluoro groups at positions 1 and 2.1,2-difluorobenzene
benzonatateThe ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.benzonatate
dizocilpineAn organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane ortho-fused to two benzene rings at positions 2-3 and 6-7 (the 5S,10R-stereoisomer). It is a non-competitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and affects cognitive function, learning, and memory.dizocilpine
dizocilpine maleateA maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.dizocilpine maleate
enfluraneAn ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.enflurane
fentanylA monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.fentanyl
magnesium sulfateA magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.magnesium sulfate
morphineA morphinane alkaloid that is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug. Morphine acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain but has a high potential for addiction, with tolerance and both physical and psychological dependence developing rapidly. Morphine is the most abundant opiate found in Papaver somniferum (the opium poppy).morphine
phencyclidineA member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.phencyclidine
spathulenolA tricyclic sesquiterpenoid that is 4-methylidenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulene carrying three methyl substituents at positions 1, 1 and 7 as well as a hydroxy substituent at position 7.spathulenol

Research

Studies (94,094)

TimeframeStudies, Drugs with This Role(%)All Drugs %
pre-199031,647 (33.63)18.7374
1990's18,817 (20.00)18.2507
2000's18,375 (19.53)29.6817
2010's17,834 (18.95)24.3611
2020's7,421 (7.89)2.80

Study Types

Publication TypeStudies, Drugs with this Role (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials11,090 (10.70%)5.53%
Reviews5,167 (4.98%)6.00%
Case Studies5,029 (4.85%)4.05%
Observational380 (0.37%)0.25%
Other82,000 (79.10%)84.16%

Protein Targets (134)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.650377
ATAD5 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency16.353511
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency9.528311
Chain A, Beta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12Potency8.912522
Chain A, CruzipainTrypanosoma cruziPotency7.943311
Chain A, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.005011
Chain B, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.005011
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency56.104822
cytochrome P450 2C9, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.917811
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.759126
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.037622
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.039811
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.607166
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.321844
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.219313
GVesicular stomatitis virusPotency6.917811
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.759113
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.759113
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.759113
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.759113
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.759113
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.759113
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.759113
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.759113
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.759113
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.759113
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.759113
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.759113
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.759113
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.759113
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.759113
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.759113
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.793924
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.468522
GLS proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.631011
Glutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.412711
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.794311
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)Potency6.917811
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunitHomo sapiens (human)Potency2.131411
IDH1Homo sapiens (human)Potency29.092911
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency6.917812
Interferon betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.917811
LuciferasePhotinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)Potency40.533411
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.002011
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.199511
NFKB1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.000022
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency30.045022
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency26.603211
peripheral myelin protein 22Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.314811
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX12Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.912511
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency4.659112
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.000011
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency52.592524
Spike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusPotency39.810711
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.400725
thioredoxin reductaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency5.972822
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency34.498924
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.810722
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunitMus musculus (house mouse)Potency8.412711

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)IC5028.000012
AcetylcholinesteraseElectrophorus electricus (electric eel)Ki109.000011
Acyl-CoA desaturase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.299011
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)Ki5.462011
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)Ki5.462011
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)IC5039.125044
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Mus musculus (house mouse)IC5050.000044
Beta-2 adrenergic receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)IC500.250011
Bile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)IC5072.500022
CholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)IC5016.000011
CholinesteraseMus musculus (house mouse)Ki0.522422
Cytochrome P450 2B6Homo sapiens (human)Ki10.000011
Cytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)IC5050.000011
D(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki21.000011
D(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki26.200011
D(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.554011
Delta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC500.174077
Delta-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)IC500.4094812
Delta-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.17651221
Delta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.29873037
Delta-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)Ki0.569022
Delta-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.24301318
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki100.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki100.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki70.433522
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki100.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki100.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki100.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki100.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki100.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki100.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki100.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki100.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki100.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki100.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki100.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki100.000011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki100.000011
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.419544
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.021135
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.053279
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.0328612
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2AHomo sapiens (human)IC500.146333
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2AHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.021135
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.053279
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.0328612
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2BHomo sapiens (human)IC500.634022
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.053279
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2BHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.021135
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.0328612
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.053279
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2CHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.021135
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.0725814
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2DRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.053279
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2DHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.021135
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2DRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.0328612
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.053279
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3AHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.021135
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.0328612
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.053279
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3BHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.021135
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.0328612
Histamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50147.911011
Kappa-type opioid receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)IC501.639767
Kappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC500.886344
Kappa-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)IC500.082824
Kappa-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.0394914
Kappa-type opioid receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Ki4.49182027
Kappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.11302727
Kappa-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)Ki0.925222
Kappa-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.113022
Lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidaseHomo sapiens (human)IC500.048212
Mu-type opioid receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)IC500.135756
Mu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC500.09301212
Mu-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)IC500.330579
Mu-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.09111420
Mu-type opioid receptorBos taurus (cattle)Ki0.001333
Mu-type opioid receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Ki0.03981625
Mu-type opioid receptorDanio rerio (zebrafish)Ki0.187222
Mu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.00393838
Mu-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)Ki0.069557
Mu-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki2.88221935
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki14.313137
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki14.313137
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki14.313137
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki14.313137
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)IC500.002011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki14.313137
Nociceptin receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Ki0.002511
Opioid receptor homologueDanio rerio (zebrafish)Ki0.223011
Opioid receptor, delta 1b Danio rerio (zebrafish)Ki1.427011
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)IC50500.909812
Proteinase-activated receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.002211
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)IC504.973011
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.354011
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC501.115012
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Ki2.474311
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki43.884945
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki20.419033
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporterRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.872425
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)IC5048.653323

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)EC500.003011
Chain A, ImmunoglobulinMus musculus (house mouse)Kd0.002011
Chain B, ImmunoglobulinMus musculus (house mouse)Kd0.002011
Cytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)EC500.379011
Delta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)EC500.371477
Delta-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.003011
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd0.037211
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd0.037211
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd0.037211
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd0.037211
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2DRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd0.037211
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd0.037211
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd0.037211
Histidine decarboxylaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.003011
Kappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)EC500.444366
Kappa-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)EC500.400011
Kappa-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.003011
Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2Homo sapiens (human)EC506.400022
Mu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)EC500.11403032
Mu-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)EC500.075022
Mu-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.101978
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Mus musculus (house mouse)Kd9.100011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd9.100011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Mus musculus (house mouse)Kd9.100011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd9.100011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Mus musculus (house mouse)Kd9.100011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd9.100011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Mus musculus (house mouse)Kd9.100011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd9.100011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Mus musculus (house mouse)Kd9.100011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd9.100011
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2Homo sapiens (human)EC5031.600033
Proteinase-activated receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)EC500.003712
Translocator proteinRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.015611

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
Delta-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Activity0.611522
Delta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)ED500.316011
Delta-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)K0.526.000012
Delta-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)Ke0.007411
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kb0.193313
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kb0.193313
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kb0.193313
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)K0.50.250011
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kb0.193313
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2DRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kb0.193313
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kb0.193313
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kb0.193313
Kappa-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Activity0.003011
Kappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)ED501.140011
Kappa-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)K0.526.000012
Kappa-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)Ke0.028822
Mu-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)Activity0.001011
Mu-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Activity0.003011
Mu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)ED500.037022
Mu-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)K0.526.000012
Mu-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)Ke0.003311
Mu-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)KiH0.002511
Mu-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)KiL0.113011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Mus musculus (house mouse)K0.530.000012
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Mus musculus (house mouse)K0.530.000012
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Mus musculus (house mouse)K0.530.000012
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Mus musculus (house mouse)K0.530.000012
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Mus musculus (house mouse)K0.530.000012
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A3Homo sapiens (human)Km3,280.000011