Compounds > eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester
Page last updated: 2024-12-05

eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (EPA ethyl ester) is an ethyl ester derivative of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a characteristic fishy odor. EPA ethyl ester is a highly unsaturated compound with five double bonds in its structure. It is commonly used as a dietary supplement and is also used in research studies to investigate the effects of EPA on various biological processes.

EPA ethyl ester is typically synthesized through esterification of EPA with ethanol. The esterification reaction can be catalyzed by acids, enzymes, or other catalysts.

EPA ethyl ester has been shown to have various effects on the body, including reducing inflammation, lowering blood pressure, and improving cardiovascular health. It is believed to exert these effects by modulating the production of inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes.

EPA ethyl ester is studied extensively due to its potential health benefits. Researchers are investigating its effects on various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. It is also being explored as a potential therapeutic agent for conditions such as depression and Alzheimer's disease.

EPA ethyl ester is considered safe for consumption when taken at recommended doses. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before taking any dietary supplements, including EPA ethyl ester, especially if you have any underlying medical conditions or are taking medications.'

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID3298
MeSH IDM0108217
PubMed CID72187525
CHEMBL ID3183842
MeSH IDM0108217

Synonyms (11)

Synonym
eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester
86227-47-6
FT-0667829
ethyl icosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoate
epa ethyl ester;ethyl eicosapentaenoate
dtxcid8031603
NCGC00249928-01
dtxsid7057814 ,
tox21_113704
cas-73310-10-8
CHEMBL3183842

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Our findings suggest that this toxic model is not reflective or predictive of findings in genetic mouse models, and may not be useful as a preclinical screen for HD therapeutics."( Cystamine and ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid treatment fail to prevent malonate-induced striatal toxicity in mice.
Leavitt, BR; Sivananthan, SN, 2011)		0.37
" However, prior medications with triglyceride-lowering effects have not reduced adverse clinical outcomes in the statin era."( Icosapent ethyl: safely reducing cardiovascular risk in adults with elevated triglycerides.
Bhatt, DL; Mason, RP; Pareek, M, 2022)		0.72
" MND-2119 was safe and well tolerated."( Efficacy and safety of self-emulsifying formulation of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (MND-2119) versus highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester in patients with hypertriglyceridemia: Results from a 12-week randomized, double-b
Hayashi, K; Mori, T; Murasaki, K; Yokoyama, Y, )		0.36
"The incidence of adverse events in MND-2119 2 g/day and MND-2119 4 g/day was 70."( Long-term safety and efficacy of MND-2119 (self-emulsifying formulation of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester) in patients with hypertriglyceridemia: Results from a multicenter, 52-week, open-label study.
Mori, T; Murasaki, K; Yokoyama, Y, )		0.35

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of IPE on the pharmacokinetic and anticoagulation pharmacodynamics of warfarin, a substrate of cytochrome P450 2C9-mediated metabolism."( Phase 1 study of the effect of icosapent ethyl on warfarin pharmacokinetic and anticoagulation parameters.
Braeckman, RA; Soni, PN; Stirtan, WG, 2014)		0.4
" Primary pharmacokinetic end points were area under the concentration-versus-time curve from zero to infinity (AUC(0-∞)) and maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) for R- and S-warfarin; pharmacodynamic end points were area under the international normalized ratio (INR) effect-time curve after the warfarin dose (AUC(INR)) and maximum INR (INR(max))."( Phase 1 study of the effect of icosapent ethyl on warfarin pharmacokinetic and anticoagulation parameters.
Braeckman, RA; Soni, PN; Stirtan, WG, 2014)		0.4
" The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of EPAEE and DHAEE in healthy Chinese volunteers after the oral administration of 4 g omega-3-acid ethyl esters 90 soft capsule."( LC-APCI-MS/MS assay for quantitation of ethyl esters of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in human plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study.
Ding, L; Ji, S; Li, L; Xia, Y; Zhao, S, 2020)		0.56

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The aim of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness, from the perspective of the Australian public healthcare system, of icosapent ethyl in combination with statin therapy compared with statin alone for the prevention of cardiovascular disease."( The cost-effectiveness of icosapent ethyl in combination with statin therapy compared with statin alone for cardiovascular risk reduction.
Ademi, Z; Liew, D; Ofori-Asenso, R; Owen, A; Zomer, E, 2021)		0.62
"A Markov model populated with data from the Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial was designed to predict the effectiveness and costs of icosapent ethyl in combination with statins compared with statins alone over a 20-year time horizon."( The cost-effectiveness of icosapent ethyl in combination with statin therapy compared with statin alone for cardiovascular risk reduction.
Ademi, Z; Liew, D; Ofori-Asenso, R; Owen, A; Zomer, E, 2021)		0.62
"Compared with statin alone, icosapent ethyl in combination with statin therapy is likely to be cost-effective in the prevention of cardiovascular disease assuming a willingness-to-pay threshold of AUD50,000 per QALY gained, especially in the secondary preventive setting."( The cost-effectiveness of icosapent ethyl in combination with statin therapy compared with statin alone for cardiovascular risk reduction.
Ademi, Z; Liew, D; Ofori-Asenso, R; Owen, A; Zomer, E, 2021)		0.62
"To assess the cost effectiveness of icosapent ethyl, fenofibrate, ezetimibe, evolocumab, and alirocumab in combination with statins compared to statin monotherapy for cardiovascular prevention from the perspective of UK's National Health Service."( Cost-Effectiveness of Icosapent Ethyl, Evolocumab, Alirocumab, Ezetimibe, or Fenofibrate in Combination with Statins Compared to Statin Monotherapy.
Boch, T; Michaeli, DT; Michaeli, JC; Michaeli, T, 2022)		0.72

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The high complexity of n-3 fatty acids absorption process, along with the huge amount of endogenous fraction, makes bioavailability studies with these agents very challenging and deserving special consideration."( The free fractions of circulating docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentenoic acid as optimal end-point of measure in bioavailability studies on n-3 fatty acids.
Levesque, A; Lisi, L; Navarra, P; Scarsi, C, 2015)		0.42
" OM3CA bioavailability (area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to the last measurable concentration) is up to 4-fold greater than that of OM3FA ethyl esters, and unlike ethyl esters, the absorption of OM3CA is not dependent on pancreatic lipase hydrolysis."( The clinical relevance of omega-3 fatty acids in the management of hypertriglyceridemia.
Anzalone, D; Backes, J; Catini, J; Hilleman, D, 2016)		0.43
"The in vitro dissolution characteristics, oral bioavailability and 48 h plasma profiles of EPA and DHA (as triacylglycerides) of Lys-FFA, relative to a commercially available oil-based EE supplement."( In vitro dissolution behaviour and absorption in humans of a novel mixed l-lysine salt formulation of EPA and DHA.
Balvers, M; Bosi, R; Diepeveen-de Bruin, M; Headley, L; Manusama, K; Schwarm, M; Witkamp, R, 2021)		0.62
"This first-in-man study of Lys-FFA demonstrated rapid absorption of EPA and DHA and a considerably higher bioavailability compared to an EE supplement under fasting conditions."( In vitro dissolution behaviour and absorption in humans of a novel mixed l-lysine salt formulation of EPA and DHA.
Balvers, M; Bosi, R; Diepeveen-de Bruin, M; Headley, L; Manusama, K; Schwarm, M; Witkamp, R, 2021)		0.62
" Finally, a summary of current advanced strategies for dealing with the low oxidative stability and low bioavailability of EPA-EE is presented."( Highly Valuable Fish Oil: Formation Process, Enrichment, Subsequent Utilization, and Storage of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Ethyl Esters.
Jin, Q; Karrar, E; Wang, X; Wu, G; Yi, M; You, Y; Zhang, H; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y, 2023)		1.13

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" The decrease from pre-administration values was significant for patients with abnormal values in both dosage groups."( [The effect on changes in serum lipids and factors that may affect those changes after administration of icosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester].
Aoyama, T; Saga, T; Takekoshi, T, 1993)		0.29
" In addition, we aimed to obtain preliminary information regarding EPA half-life, which is needed to establish an optimal dosing schedule."( Incorporation and washout of orally administered n-3 fatty acid ethyl esters in different plasma lipid fractions.
Dagnelie, PC; Rietveld, T; van den Berg, JW; Wilson, JH; Zuijdgeest-van Leeuwen, SD, 1999)		0.3
" All of the individual items on all 3 rating scales improved with the 1-g/d dosage of ethyl-eicosapentaenoate vs placebo, with strong beneficial effects on items rating depression, anxiety, sleep, lassitude, libido, and suicidality."( A dose-ranging study of the effects of ethyl-eicosapentaenoate in patients with ongoing depression despite apparently adequate treatment with standard drugs.
Horrobin, DF; Peet, M, 2002)		0.31
"Treatment with ethyl-eicosapentaenoate at a dosage of 1 g/d was effective in treating depression in patients who remained depressed despite adequate standard therapy."( A dose-ranging study of the effects of ethyl-eicosapentaenoate in patients with ongoing depression despite apparently adequate treatment with standard drugs.
Horrobin, DF; Peet, M, 2002)		0.31
"Baseline-adjusted steady-state EPA exposure was similar after dosing with OM3-CA 4 g/day versus IPE 4 g/day (LSM ratio, area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to 24 h: 93."( Systemic Bioavailability and Dose Proportionality of Omega-3 Administered in Free Fatty Acid Form Compared With Ethyl Ester Form: Results of a Phase 1 Study in Healthy Volunteers.
Abu-Rashid, M; Chai, P; Davidson, M; Nilsson, C; Offman, E, 2017)		0.46
" Blood samples were collected for 24 h after dosing to analyze DHA and EPA plasma concentrations using a validated methodology."( A randomized trial comparing omega-3 fatty acid plasma levels after ingestion of emulsified and non-emulsified cod liver oil formulations.
Burgher-Kennedy, N; Conus, N; Kaur Datta, G; van den Berg, F, 2019)		0.51
"Knowledge of the diurnal variation in circulating omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) may be an important consideration for the development of dosing protocols designed to optimise tissue delivery of these fatty acids."( Diurnal rhythm of plasma EPA and DHA in healthy adults.
Avery, H; Calder, PC; Forster, J; Husberg, C; Hustvedt, SO; Jackson, PA; Kennedy, DO; Khan, J, 2020)		0.56
"0 g/day (2×1 g twice daily) with dosing after standard meals for 28 days."( Pharmacokinetics of Icosapent Ethyl: An Open-Label, Multiple Oral Dose, Parallel Design Study in Healthy Chinese Subjects.
Chen, H; Chen, W; Li, H; Li, J; Li, X; Li, Y; Liu, C; Sheng, L; Xu, H; Yang, M; Yuan, F, 2023)		0.91
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (4)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency6.16550.01237.983543.2770AID1645841
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.49720.023723.228263.5986AID743222
heat shock protein beta-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency29.84700.042027.378961.6448AID743210
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.62650.000627.21521,122.0200AID743202; AID743219
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (31)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347089qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347100qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347094qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347098qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347101qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347407qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347092qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347424RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347099qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (407)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199016 (3.93)18.7374
1990's56 (13.76)18.2507
2000's60 (14.74)29.6817
2010's157 (38.57)24.3611
2020's118 (28.99)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 29.54

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index29.54 (24.57)
Research Supply Index6.26 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.32 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index50.18 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.64 (0.95)

This Compound (29.54)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials99 (23.52%)5.53%
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews63 (14.96%)6.00%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies9 (2.14%)4.05%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other250 (59.38%)84.16%
Other8 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (32)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Randomised Placebo-controlled Phase III Trial of the Effect of the Omega-3 Fatty Acid Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) on Colorectal Cancer Recurrence and Survival After Surgery for Resectable Liver Metastases [NCT03428477]Phase 3418 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-05-02Active, not recruiting
Effects of Fish Oil and Physical Activity on Fatigue in Patients With Advanced Cancer [NCT02940223]Phase 22 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-03-16Terminated(stopped due to PI is requesting termination (closure) of this study.)
PREPARE: PRevention Using EPA Against coloREctal Cancer [NCT04216251]Phase 1/Phase 281 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-03-19Completed
Biospecimen Collection for:Prebiotic Effect of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Treatment for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases [NCT04682665]250 participants (Anticipated)Observational2021-09-16Recruiting
An Open-label, Single and Repeat Single Ascending Dose Escalation Study to Compare the Pharmacokinetics of Metformin Eicosapentaenoate With Metformin Hydrochloride and Icosapent Ethyl Following Oral Administration to Healthy Volunteers [NCT02113163]Phase 132 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-03-31Completed
MND-2119 Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of MND-2119 Compared to EPADEL CAPSULES 300 in Patients With Hypertriglyceridemia [NCT03693131]Phase 3580 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-10-27Completed
The Icosapent Ethyl and Prevention of Vascular Regenerative Cell Exhaustion Study [NCT04562467]Phase 470 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-09-24Active, not recruiting
An Investigation on the Effects of Icosapent Ethyl (VascepaTM) on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Individuals With COVID-19 (VASCEPA-COVID-19) [NCT04412018]Phase 2100 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-06-04Completed
A Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Placebo Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Ethyl Icosapentate in Patients With Severe Hypertriglyceridemia [NCT04239950]Phase 3300 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-05-09Active, not recruiting
The Effect of Ethyl Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Circulating Low-density Lipoproteins and Plasma Lipid Metabolism in Healthy Volunteers [NCT04152291]50 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-11-12Active, not recruiting
Eicosapentaenoic Acid Cerebral Vasospasm Therapy Study (EVAS): Effect of Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Cerebral Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage [NCT00839449]Phase 4200 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-12-31Completed
Ethyl-EPA Treatment of Prodromal Patients [NCT00634361]Phase 2/Phase 37 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-09-30Completed
An Open-Label, 2-Cohort Study to Evaluate the 2-Way Interaction Between Multiple Doses of Epanova™ and a Single Dose of Rosuvastatin (Crestor®), to Assess the Dose Proportionality of Epanova™, and to Compare the Systemic Exposure of Eicosapentaenoic Acid [NCT02859129]Phase 1114 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-09-30Completed
Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Treatment of Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial [NCT00001146]Phase 2240 participants Interventional1999-10-31Completed
Effect of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) on Major Cardiovascular Events in Hypercholesterolemic Patients: the Japan EPA Lipid Intervention Study (JELIS) [NCT00231738]Phase 418,000 participants Interventional1996-11-30Completed
Vascepa to Accelerate Lipoprotein Uptake and Elimination (VALUE): An Open-Label, Mechanistic, Randomized, Controlled, Single-Center Trial of AMR101 in Patients With Dyslipidemia [NCT03885661]Phase 120 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-01-11Completed
A PET Study With [11C]PBR-28 and an Experimental Medication, Ethyl Eicosapentaenoic Acid [NCT04811404]Phase 40 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-03-19Withdrawn(stopped due to Reassessment of rationale for study)
Evaluation of the Effect of Two Doses of AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) on Fasting Serum Triglyceride Levels in Patients With Persistent High Triglyceride Levels (≥ 200 mg/dL and < 500 mg/dL) Despite Statin Therapy [NCT01047501]Phase 3702 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-12-31Completed
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Ethyl Eicosapentanoic Acid (Ethyl-EPA) in Major Depressive Disorder [NCT00096798]Phase 380 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2001-09-30Completed
A Multicentre, Placebo-controlled Trial of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Antioxidant Supplementation in the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Related Disorders [NCT00419146]Phase 2/Phase 399 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-09-30Completed
A Multicenter, Double Blind, Randomized, Parallel Group, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Ethyl-EPA (Miraxion™) in Subjects With Mild to Moderate Huntington's Disease [NCT00146211]Phase 3300 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-09-30Completed
Effect of Vascepa on Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Persons With Elevated Triglycerides (200-499) on Statin Therapy [NCT02926027]Phase 480 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-03-28Completed
Mediators of Abnormal Reproductive Function in Obesity [NCT01817400]Early Phase 110 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-03-31Completed
A Pragmatic Randomized Trial of Icosapent Ethyl for High-Cardiovascular Risk Adults (MITIGATE) [NCT04505098]Phase 439,600 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-08-07Terminated(stopped due to The study was suspended by the IRB of record and subsequently terminated)
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) in Patients With Fasting Triglyceride Levels ≥ 500 mg/dL and ≤ 2000 mg/dL [NCT01047683]Phase 3229 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-12-31Completed
Pharmacodynamic Effects of a Free-fatty Acid Formulation of Omega-3 Pentaenoic Acid to ENHANCE Efficacy in Adults With Hypertriglyceridemia: The ENHANCE-IT Trial [NCT04177680]Phase 2100 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-06-03Completed
Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Endothelial Function in Diabetic Subjects: A Pilot Trial [NCT02422446]Phase 32 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-04-30Terminated(stopped due to Difficulty enrolling patients with elevated triglycerides under statin treatment)
Impact of Icosapent Ethyl on Alzheimers Disease Biomarkers in Preclinical Adults [NCT02719327]Phase 2/Phase 3131 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-06-08Completed
Evaluation of the Effect of AMR101 on Cardiovascular Health and Mortality in Hypertriglyceridemic Patients With Cardiovascular Disease or at High Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With EPA - Intervention Trial) [NCT01492361]Phase 38,179 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-11-30Completed
Phase Ib/II Study of EPA-Based EphA2 Targeted Therapy for Patients With Metastatic Triple-Negative Inflammatory Breast Cancer [NCT05198843]Phase 1/Phase 218 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-11-08Recruiting
PREPARE-IT. Prevention and Treatment of COVID19 With EPA in Subjects at Risk - Intervention Trial [NCT04460651]Phase 34,093 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-08-14Completed
OMICC: OMega-3 Fatty Acid for the Immune Modulation of Colorectal Cancer [NCT03661047]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-11-30Withdrawn(stopped due to Study will be closed due to zero enrollment in over 2 years.)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

TrialOutcome
NCT01047501 (6) [back to overview]Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Groups in Apolipoprotein B Levels
NCT01047501 (6) [back to overview]Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Groups in Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 Levels
NCT01047501 (6) [back to overview]Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Groups in Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels
NCT01047501 (6) [back to overview]Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Groups in Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels
NCT01047501 (6) [back to overview]Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Groups in Triglyceride Lowering Effect
NCT01047501 (6) [back to overview]Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Groups in Very Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels
NCT01047683 (6) [back to overview]Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Group in Apolipoprotein B Levels
NCT01047683 (6) [back to overview]Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Groups in Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 Levels
NCT01047683 (6) [back to overview]Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Groups in Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels
NCT01047683 (6) [back to overview]Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Groups in Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels
NCT01047683 (6) [back to overview]Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Groups in Triglyceride Lowering Effect
NCT01047683 (6) [back to overview]Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Groups in Very Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels
NCT01492361 (10) [back to overview]Composite of CV Death or Nonfatal MI (Including Silent MI).
NCT01492361 (10) [back to overview]Composite of CV Death, Nonfatal MI (Including Silent MI), Nonfatal Stroke, Coronary Revascularization, or Unstable Angina Determined to be Caused by Myocardial Ischemia by Invasive / Non-invasive Testing and Requiring Emergent Hospitalization.
NCT01492361 (10) [back to overview]Composite of CV Death, Nonfatal MI (Including Silent MI), or Nonfatal Stroke.
NCT01492361 (10) [back to overview]CV Death.
NCT01492361 (10) [back to overview]Fatal or Nonfatal MI (Including Silent MI).
NCT01492361 (10) [back to overview]Fatal or Nonfatal Stroke.
NCT01492361 (10) [back to overview]Non-elective Coronary Revascularization Represented as the Composite of Emergent or Urgent Classifications.
NCT01492361 (10) [back to overview]Total Mortality, Nonfatal MI (Including Silent MI), or Nonfatal Stroke.
NCT01492361 (10) [back to overview]Total Mortality.
NCT01492361 (10) [back to overview]Unstable Angina Determined to be Caused by Myocardial Ischemia by Invasive / Non-invasive Testing and Requiring Emergent Hospitalization.
NCT02422446 (1) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Endothelial Function at 12 Weeks Using Reactive Hyperemia Index (RHI)
NCT02926027 (2) [back to overview]Progression Rates of Low Attenuation Plaque Under Influence of Vascepa as Compared to Placebo as a Change Between Two or More Time Points
NCT02926027 (2) [back to overview]The Composition of Non-calcified Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque (NCP)
NCT03885661 (1) [back to overview]Change in VLDL-apoB100 Production Rate
NCT04177680 (5) [back to overview]Percent Change in Plasma Triglycerides (Pharmacodynamic Population)
NCT04177680 (5) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Omega-3 Fatty Acid Concentrations (Pharmacodynamic Population)
NCT04177680 (5) [back to overview]Percent Change in Lipoprotein Lipids (Per Protocol Population)
NCT04177680 (5) [back to overview]Percent Change in Other Plasma Lipoprotein Lipids (Pharmacodynamic Population)
NCT04177680 (5) [back to overview]Percent Changes in Apolipoproteins, PCSK9 and Hs-CRP (Pharmacodynamic Population)

Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Groups in Apolipoprotein B Levels

Median percent change from baseline to Week 12 in serum Apolipoprotein B levels following treatment with AMR101 (ethyl icosapentate) 2 g/day or 4 g/day (NCT01047501)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

InterventionPercent change from baseline (Median)
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 2 g/Day1.6
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 4 g/Day-2.2
Placebo7.1

[back to top]

Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Groups in Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 Levels

Median percent change from baseline to Week 12 in serum Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 levels following treatment with AMR101 (ethyl icosapentate) 2 g/day or 4 g/day (NCT01047501)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

InterventionPercent change from baseline (Median)
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 2 g/Day-1.8
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 4 g/Day-12.8
Placebo6.7

[back to top]

Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Groups in Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels

Median percent change from baseline to Week 12 in serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels following treatment with AMR101 (ethyl icosapentate) 2 g/day or 4 g/day (NCT01047501)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

InterventionPercent change from baseline (Median)
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 2 g/Day2.4
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 4 g/Day1.5
Placebo8.8

[back to top]

Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Groups in Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels

Median percent change from baseline to Week 12 in serum non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels following treatment with AMR101 (ethyl icosapentate) 2 g/day or 4 g/day (NCT01047501)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

InterventionPercent change from baseline (Median)
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 2 g/Day2.4
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 4 g/Day-5.0
Placebo9.8

[back to top]

Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Groups in Triglyceride Lowering Effect

Median percent change from baseline to Week 12 in fasting serum triglyceride levels following treatment with AMR101 (ethyl icosapentate) 2 g/day or 4 g/day (NCT01047501)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

InterventionPercent change from baseline (Median)
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 2 g/Day-5.6
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 4 g/Day-17.5
Placebo5.9

[back to top]

Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Groups in Very Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels

Median percent change from baseline to Week 12 in serum very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels following treatment with AMR101 (ethyl icosapentate) 2 g/day or 4 g/day (NCT01047501)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

InterventionPercent change from baseline (Median)
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 2 g/Day1.6
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 4 g/Day-12.1
Placebo15.0

[back to top]

Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Group in Apolipoprotein B Levels

Median in percent change from baseline to Week 12 in serum Apolipoprotein B levels following treatment with AMR101 (ethyl icosapentate) 2 g/day or 4 g/day (NCT01047683)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

InterventionPercent change from baseline (Median)
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 2 g/Day2.1
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 4 g/Day-3.8
Placebo4.3

[back to top]

Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Groups in Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 Levels

Median percent change from baseline to Week 12 in serum Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 levels following treatment with AMR101 (ethyl icosapentate) 2 g/day or 4 g/day (NCT01047683)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

InterventionPercent change from baseline (Median)
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 2 g/Day-5.1
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 4 g/Day-17.1
Placebo-2.4

[back to top]

Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Groups in Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels

Median percent change from baseline to Week 12 in serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels following treatment with AMR101 (ethyl icosapentate) 2 g/day or 4 g/day (NCT01047683)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

InterventionPercent change from baseline (Median)
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 2 g/Day-2.5
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 4 g/Day-4.5
Placebo-3.0

[back to top]

Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Groups in Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels

Median percent change from baseline to Week 12 in serum non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels following treatment with AMR101 (ethyl icosapentate) 2 g/day or 4 g/day (NCT01047683)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

InterventionPercent change from baseline (Median)
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 2 g/Day0.0
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 4 g/Day-7.7
Placebo7.8

[back to top]

Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Groups in Triglyceride Lowering Effect

Median percent change from baseline to Week 12 in fasting serum triglyceride levels following treatment with AMR101 (ethyl icosapentate) 2 g/day or 4 g/day (NCT01047683)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

InterventionPercent change from baseline (Median)
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 2 g/Day-7.0
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 4 g/Day-26.6
Placebo9.7

[back to top]

Difference Between AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) and Placebo Treatment Groups in Very Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels

Median percent change from baseline to Week 12 in serum very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels following treatment with AMR101 (ethyl icosapentate) 2 g/day or 4 g/day (NCT01047683)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

InterventionPercent change from baseline (Median)
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 2 g/Day0.0
AMR101 (Ethyl Icosapentate) - 4 g/Day-19.5
Placebo13.7

[back to top]

Composite of CV Death or Nonfatal MI (Including Silent MI).

Number of patients with a first occurrence of any component of the composite of CV death or nonfatal MI (including silent MI) during the follow-up period. (NCT01492361)
Timeframe: Total follow-up time of up to approximately 6 years.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
AMR101392
Placebo507

[back to top]

Composite of CV Death, Nonfatal MI (Including Silent MI), Nonfatal Stroke, Coronary Revascularization, or Unstable Angina Determined to be Caused by Myocardial Ischemia by Invasive / Non-invasive Testing and Requiring Emergent Hospitalization.

The primary outcome measure was the number of patients with a first occurrence of any component of the composite of CV death, nonfatal MI (including silent MI), nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or unstable angina determined to be caused by myocardial ischemia by invasive / non-invasive testing and requiring emergent hospitalization during the follow-up period. (NCT01492361)
Timeframe: Total follow-up time of up to approximately 6 years.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
AMR101705
Placebo901

[back to top]

Composite of CV Death, Nonfatal MI (Including Silent MI), or Nonfatal Stroke.

The key secondary outcome measure was the number of patients with a first occurrence of any component of the composite of CV death, nonfatal MI (including silent MI), or nonfatal stroke during the follow-up period. (NCT01492361)
Timeframe: Total follow-up time of up to approximately 6 years.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
AMR101459
Placebo606

[back to top]

CV Death.

Number of patients with an occurrence of CV death during the follow-up period. (NCT01492361)
Timeframe: Total follow-up time of up to approximately 6 years.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
AMR101174
Placebo213

[back to top]

Fatal or Nonfatal MI (Including Silent MI).

Number of patients with a first occurrence of fatal or nonfatal MI (including silent MI) during the follow-up period. (NCT01492361)
Timeframe: Total follow-up time of up to approximately 6 years.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
AMR101250
Placebo355

[back to top]

Fatal or Nonfatal Stroke.

Number of patients with a first occurrence of fatal or nonfatal stroke during the follow-up period. (NCT01492361)
Timeframe: Total follow-up time of up to approximately 6 years.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
AMR10198
Placebo134

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Non-elective Coronary Revascularization Represented as the Composite of Emergent or Urgent Classifications.

Number of patients with a first occurrence of non-elective coronary revascularization represented as the composite of emergent or urgent classifications during the follow-up period. (NCT01492361)
Timeframe: Total follow-up time of up to approximately 6 years.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
AMR101216
Placebo321

[back to top]

Total Mortality, Nonfatal MI (Including Silent MI), or Nonfatal Stroke.

Number of patients with a first occurrence of any component of the composite of total mortality, nonfatal MI (including silent MI), or nonfatal stroke during the follow-up period. (NCT01492361)
Timeframe: Total follow-up time of up to approximately 6 years.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
AMR101549
Placebo690

[back to top]

Total Mortality.

Number of patients with an occurrence of death from any cause during the follow-up period. (NCT01492361)
Timeframe: Total follow-up time of up to approximately 6 years.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
AMR101274
Placebo310

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Unstable Angina Determined to be Caused by Myocardial Ischemia by Invasive / Non-invasive Testing and Requiring Emergent Hospitalization.

Number of patients with a first occurrence of unstable angina determined to be caused by myocardial ischemia by invasive / non-invasive testing and requiring emergent hospitalization during the follow-up period. (NCT01492361)
Timeframe: Total follow-up time of up to approximately 6 years.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
AMR101108
Placebo157

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Endothelial Function at 12 Weeks Using Reactive Hyperemia Index (RHI)

Digital pulse amplitude will be measured with a fingertip peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) device (Endo-PAT2000, Itamar Medical) in a supine position. Baseline pulse amplitude will be measured for 5 minutes, then the arterial flow will then be interrupted for 5 minutes with a cuff placed on a proximal forearm. Pulse amplitude will be recorded electronically and analyzed by a computerized and automated algorithm. The change from the baseline measurement will be expressed as the reactive hyperemia index (RHI). We will calculate the pulse amplitude response to hyperemia for each 30-second interval as a ratio of the post-deflation pulse amplitude to the baseline pulse amplitude as described previously. The RHI ratio will be computed by dividing the ratio obtained on the test side over the ratio from the control finger. We will assess change in RHI ratio between baseline value and 12-week value after the intervention. (NCT02422446)
Timeframe: Between baseline and 12 weeks

Intervention% change from baseline value (Mean)
EPA Arm-29
Control-1.6

[back to top]

Progression Rates of Low Attenuation Plaque Under Influence of Vascepa as Compared to Placebo as a Change Between Two or More Time Points

low attenuation plaque volume change from baseline to 18 months (NCT02926027)
Timeframe: 18 months

Interventionvolume in mm cubed (Mean)
Active Subjects-0.3
Placebo Subject0.9

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The Composition of Non-calcified Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque (NCP)

the measure is reported as volume of non-calcified plaque, as the secondary measure has been reported. (NCT02926027)
Timeframe: 18 months

InterventionMM CUBED (Mean)
Active Subjects-0.8
Placebo Subject0.3

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Change in VLDL-apoB100 Production Rate

The production rate of very low-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B100 as determined by stable-isotope lipid kinetics techniques based on a primed constant infusion of deuterated leucine. (NCT03885661)
Timeframe: ≥ 13 weeks of observation on randomized treatment assignment

,
Interventionmg VLDL apoB100 / kg body weight per day (Mean)
L apoB100 Production Rate (Baseline)VLDL apoB100 Production Rate (Treatment)
Icosapent Ethyl21.721.3
Usual Care14.917.2

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Percent Change in Plasma Triglycerides (Pharmacodynamic Population)

Percent change in triglycerides from baseline to end of treatment in the pharmacodynamic population (NCT04177680)
Timeframe: baseline to 28 days

InterventionPercent Change from baseline (Median)
Omega-3 Pentaenoic Acid (MAT9001)-20.9
Icosapent Ethyl (Vascepa)-18.3

[back to top]

Percent Change From Baseline in Omega-3 Fatty Acid Concentrations (Pharmacodynamic Population)

The percent change from baseline in Omega-3 fatty acid concentrations in the Pharmacodynamic population (NCT04177680)
Timeframe: Baseline to 28 days

,
InterventionPercent Change from baseline (Median)
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA)EPA + DHA + DPA
Icosapent Ethyl (Vascepa)692-3.3140165
Omega-3 Pentaenoic Acid (MAT9001)8481.7177205

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Percent Change in Lipoprotein Lipids (Per Protocol Population)

Percent change from baseline in lipoprotein lipids in the per protocol population (NCT04177680)
Timeframe: baseline to 28 days

,
InterventionPercent Change from baseline (Median)
TriglyceridesTotal CholesterolLDL-CholesterolHDL-CholesterolVLDL-CholesterolNon-HDL-Cholesterol
Icosapent Ethyl (Vascepa)-15.1-3.5-2.8-1.3-10.9-4.4
Omega-3 Pentaenoic Acid (MAT9001)-20-5.7-4.8-2.4-15-6.9

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Percent Change in Other Plasma Lipoprotein Lipids (Pharmacodynamic Population)

Percent change in other lipoprotein lipids from baseline to end of treatment in the pharmacodynamic population (NCT04177680)
Timeframe: baseline to 28 days

,
InterventionPercent Change from baseline (Median)
Total CholesterolLow density lipoprotein (LDL)-CholesterolHigh density lipoprotein (HDL)-CholesterolVery low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-Cholesterolnon-HDL-Cholesterol
Icosapent Ethyl (Vascepa)-4.1-3.1-1.1-13.3-5.2
Omega-3 Pentaenoic Acid (MAT9001)-5.6-4.8-1.7-15.5-7

[back to top]

Percent Changes in Apolipoproteins, PCSK9 and Hs-CRP (Pharmacodynamic Population)

The percent change from baseline in Apolipoproteins, PCSK9 and hs-CRP in the PD Population (NCT04177680)
Timeframe: baseline to 28 days

,
InterventionPercent Change from baseline (Median)
Apolipoprotein (Apo) A1Apo BApo C3Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)
Icosapent Ethyl (Vascepa)-3.1-2.5-11.1-7.38.5
Omega-3 Pentaenoic Acid (MAT9001)-4-3.5-12.4-6.6-5.8

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SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		2.2110amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		2.610monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		210trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
creatine
[no description available]		210glycine derivative;
guanidines;
zwitterion		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical
kynurenine
Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.		2.3110aromatic ketone;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
substituted aniline		human metabolite
malonic acid
malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.		2.0610alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		2.2510alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
oxalic acid
Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.		210alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
palmitic acid
Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.		3.8421long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		2.420uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		1.9810isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		1.9810aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		3.7620benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
bisoprolol
Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.		2.1310secondary alcohol;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
candesartan cilexetil
candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects		2.1310biphenyls
celecoxib
[no description available]		2.0510organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.		2.2110chloropyridine;
organic thiophosphate		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
xenobiotic
cilostazol
[no description available]		2.3110lactam;
tetrazoles		anticoagulant;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
fibrin modulating drug;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cystamine
[no description available]		2.0610organic disulfide;
primary amino compound		EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		1.9810
fenofibrate
Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE		2.4820aromatic ether;
chlorobenzophenone;
isopropyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
flutamide
Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.		2.1310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
guanidine
Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.		2.2510carboxamidine;
guanidines;
one-carbon compound
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		1.9710aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
mesalamine
Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.		2.610amino acid;
aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
phenols		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
niceritrol
Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions.		2.0110organic molecular entity
omeprazole
Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.		8.4811aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
pioglitazone
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		2.6320aromatic ether;
pyridines;
thiazolidinediones		antidepressant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
PPARgamma agonist;
xenobiotic
probenecid
Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.		2.0710benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		uricosuric drug
probucol
Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.		2.0110dithioketal;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug
sarpogrelate
sarpogrelate: structure given in first source		3.511hemisuccinate;
stilbenoid
stearic acid
octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.		210long-chain fatty acid;
saturated fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		2.1310monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
troglitazone
Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.		2.2110chromanes;
thiazolidinone		anticoagulant;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
w 7
W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist		1.9910
corticosterone
[no description available]		3.145011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
estriol
hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.		3.391116alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		estrogen;
human metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		1.9910glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		2102-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
pentylenetetrazole
Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.		210organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		2102-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		4.3411aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		3.8821amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		3.711aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		2.730glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		3.3711adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		210pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		2.4220phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		3.3510alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
acrylamide
[no description available]		2.2110acrylamides;
N-acylammonia;
primary carboxamide		alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
Maillard reaction product;
mutagen;
neurotoxin
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		2.1110pyrrole;
secondary amine
n-heptane
Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi).		2.2510alkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent;
plant metabolite
catechin
Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.		210catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
megestrol acetate
[no description available]		2.211020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
steroid ester		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		4.6832alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
fluorescein
Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.		1.98102-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
ursodeoxycholic acid
Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.1310bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
calcium oxalate
Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).		1.9810organic calcium salt
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		3.8121glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.0510pyridinium ionapoptosis inducer;
herbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
neurotoxin
paroxetine
Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.		2.0110aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
pravastatin
Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		2.7303-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
carbobicyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
xenobiotic
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.		2.1310methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
atorvastatin
[no description available]		7.1110aromatic amide;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrroles;
statin (synthetic)		environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
valsartan
Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.		2.2110biphenylyltetrazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		4.3630D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate
epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.		210flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
n-acetylaspartic acid
N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid : An N-acyl-L-aspartic acid in which the acyl group is specified as acetyl.		4.3411N-acetyl-L-amino acid;
N-acyl-L-aspartic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
rat metabolite
coenzyme a
[no description available]		2.0110adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphatecoenzyme;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
homocysteine
Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.		5.4131amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine;
serine family amino acid		fundamental metabolite;
mouse metabolite
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.		3.78212-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
hematologic agent;
vasodilator agent
thromboxanes
thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.		2.3920
dehydroacetic acid
[no description available]		210ketone;
pyran-2,4-dione		antibacterial agent;
fungicide;
plasticiser
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		2.2110amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ezetimibe
Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).		5.560azetidines;
beta-lactam;
organofluorine compound		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		2.3820amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
epiglucan
epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.		2.1710
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.		1.9710tripeptide
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		2.1710cyclodextrin
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		8.53261icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		9.3241octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.		22.2740697icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		3.2760prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
linoleic acid
Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.		3.570octadecadienoic acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
plant metabolite
leukotriene b4
Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.		3.3870dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
leukotriene;
long-chain fatty acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasoconstrictor agent
leukotriene c4
Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.		210leukotrienebronchoconstrictor agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
thromboxane a2
Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.		1.9810epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
thromboxanes A		mouse metabolite
8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid
8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid: A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.. all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid : An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14.		2.9340fatty acid 20:3;
long-chain fatty acid		fungal metabolite;
human metabolite;
nutraceutical
alprostadil
[no description available]		3.9121prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.		2.3720prostaglandins Falphahuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
gamma-linolenic acid
gamma-Linolenic Acid: An omega-6 fatty acid produced in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. It is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). gamma-linolenic acid : A C18, omega-6 acid fatty acid comprising a linolenic acid having cis- double bonds at positions 6, 9 and 12.		4.3730linolenic acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
alpha-linolenic acid
linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.		3.9240linolenic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
prostaglandin e3
prostaglandin E3: Structure		2.1310prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite
nervonic acid
(15Z)-tetracosenoic acid : A tetracosenoic acid having a cis-double bond at position 15.		2.2110tetracosenoic acid
fucoxanthin
fucoxanthin: RN given refers to (3S,3'S,5R,5'R,6S,6'R)-isomer. fucoxanthin : An epoxycarotenol that is found in brown seaweed and which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties.		2.1710
ellagic acid
[no description available]		2.3720catechols;
cyclic ketone;
lactone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol		antioxidant;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
anandamide
anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.		210endocannabinoid;
N-acylethanolamine 20:4		human blood serum metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
leukotriene b5
leukotriene B5 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoic acid carrying (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents.		210dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
leukotriene;
long-chain fatty acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
rat metabolite
thromboxane b2
Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.		4.2941thromboxanes Bhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
iloprost
Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.		2.3110carbobicyclic compound;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol		platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid
12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid: metabolite of arachidonic acid in blood platelet suspension; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.1710hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
trienoic fatty acid		metabolite
docosapentaenoic acid
docosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C22 fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid : The all-cis-isomer of a C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five double bonds in the 7-, 10-, 13-, 16- and 19-positions.		7.72101docosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
human metabolite
ethyl linolenate
ethyl linolenate : A long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of linolenic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol.		2.0110
4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester
4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester: RN given refers to compound with specified unsaturation and no isomeric designation		7.83232
diarachidonyl diglyceride
diradylglycerol : Any lipid that is glycerol bearing two substituent groups - either acyl, alkyl, or alk-1-enyl - at any two of the three possible positions.		1.9910
limaprost
limaprost: RN given refers to (2E,11alpha,13E,15S,17S)-isomer		3.511long-chain fatty acid
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14,17-eicospentaenoic acid
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14,17-eicospentaenoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.3110
beta-escin
[no description available]		2.2110
beraprost
beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.		3.511enyne;
monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary allylic alcohol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antihypertensive agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin receptor agonist;
vasodilator agent
omacor
Omacor: a drug containing the n-3 fatty acids that corrects plasma lipid; antiarrhthymic		7.8381
bms201038
BMS201038: an anticholesteremic agent and microsomal triglycide transfer protein inhibitor. lomitapide : A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 9-[4-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)butyl]-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-9H-fluorene-9-carboxamide. Used (as its mesylate salt) as a complement to a low-fat diet and other lipid-lowering treatments in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
benzamides;
fluorenes;
piperidines		anticholesteremic drug;
MTP inhibitor
ticagrelor
Ticagrelor: An adenosine triphosphate analogue and reversible P2Y12 PURINORECEPTOR antagonist that inhibits ADP-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used for the prevention of THROMBOEMBOLISM by patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME or a history of MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.. ticagrelor : A triazolopyrimidine that is an adenosine isostere; the cyclopentane ring is similar to ribose and the nitrogen-rich [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine moiety resembles the nucleobase adenine. A platelet aggregation inhibitor which is used for prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.		2.2110aryl sulfide;
hydroxyether;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
triazolopyrimidines		P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
rivaroxaban
Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.		3.7620aromatic amide;
lactam;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound;
oxazolidinone;
thiophenes		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
dapagliflozin
[no description available]		3.3110aromatic ether;
C-glycosyl compound;
monochlorobenzenes		hypoglycemic agent;
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
prasugrel hydrochloride
Prasugrel Hydrochloride: A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.. prasugrel hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.		2.3110
angiotensin amide
Angiotensin Amide: The octapeptide amide of bovine angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure by vasoconstriction.		1.9710oligopeptide
etc-1002
8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid: inhibits ATP citrate lyase (ACL); has anti-atherosclerotic activity. bempedoic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is pentadecanedioic acid which is substituted by methyl groups groups at positions 2 and 14, and by a hydroxy group at position 8. It is a drug used for the treatment of high LDL cholesterol, which is sometimes referred to as 'bad cholesterol'.		3.7620alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidantilipemic drug;
EC 2.3.3.8 (ATP citrate synthase) inhibitor;
prodrug
5s,12r,18r-trihydroxy-6z,8e,10e,14z,16e-eicosapentaenoic acid
5S,12R,18R-trihydroxy-6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E-eicosapentaenoic acid: a bioactive oxygenated product of EPA, was identified in human plasma and prepared by total organic synthesis; structure in first source. resolvin E1 : A resolvin that is (6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E)-icosa-6,8,10,14,16-pentaenoic acid which is substituted at positions 5, 12 and 18 by hydroxy groups (the 5S,12R,18R stereoisomer).		3.710hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
nonclassic icosanoid;
resolvin;
triol		anti-inflammatory agent;
human xenobiotic metabolite
empagliflozin
[no description available]		3.3510aromatic ether;
C-glycosyl compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
tetrahydrofuryl ether		hypoglycemic agent;
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
calcimycin
Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.		4.0731benzoxazole
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		3.6420
glucagon-like peptide 1
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.		2.0410
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.		4.4630
glycolipids
[no description available]		2.1710
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		4.4722ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
vericiguat
vericiguat: a guanylate cyclase stimulator; FDA approved for the treatment of chronic heart failure.. vericiguat : A pyrazolopyridine that is 5-fluoro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine in which the amino hydrogen at position 1 has been substituted by a 2-fluorobenzyl group and the hydrogen at position 3 has been substituted by a 4,6-diamino-5-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]pyrimidin-2-yl group. It is a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator which is used for treatment of chronic heart failure.		3.3510aminopyrimidine;
carbamate ester;
organofluorine compound;
pyrazolopyridine		antihypertensive agent;
soluble guanylate cyclase activator;
vasodilator agent
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		3.4811benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		2.3110folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
clozapine
Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.		3.1910benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
maltodextrin
maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.		2.4320
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		1.9810
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Apoplexy
[description not available]		08.6395
Angina at Rest
[description not available]		04.9921
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		010.08146
Angina, Unstable
Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		04.9921
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		010.08146
Hypertriglyceridemia
A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.		023.5910639
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		08.6395
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		017.949227
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		04.39200
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		05.7392
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		04.7211
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		013.02238
Atheroma
[description not available]		06.6561
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		07.873
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		07.873
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		013.02238
Muscle Disorders
[description not available]		02.4110
Berardinelli Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4110
Lipodystrophy
A collection of heterogenous conditions resulting from defective LIPID METABOLISM and characterized by ADIPOSE TISSUE atrophy. Often there is redistribution of body fat resulting in peripheral fat wasting and central adiposity. They include generalized, localized, congenital, and acquired lipodystrophy.		02.4110
Muscular Diseases
Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.		02.4110
Lipodystrophy, Congenital Generalized
Congenital disorders, usually autosomal recessive, characterized by severe generalized lack of ADIPOSE TISSUE, extreme INSULIN RESISTANCE, and HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA.		02.4110
Dyslipidemia
[description not available]		09.43122
Dyslipidemias
Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.		09.43122
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		010.5296
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		010.5296
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		02.7430
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		07.4420
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		02.7430
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		03.5210
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		03.5210
Deafness, Transitory
[description not available]		02.610
Deaf Mutism
[description not available]		02.610
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		02.9440
Deafness
A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.		02.610
Hearing Loss
A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.		07.610
Auricular Fibrillation
[description not available]		05.0221
Atrial Fibrillation
Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.		05.0221
Coronary Artery Stenosis
[description not available]		02.610
Coronary Stenosis
Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.		02.610
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		011.21175
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		011.21175
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		05.3921
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		05.3921
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		03.5911
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		03.5911
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.8421
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		02.2110
Cachexia
General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.		03.8421
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		03.8421
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		02.2110
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		04.0220
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.		04.0220
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		02.2110
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		02.2110
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		02.4520
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		02.4520
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		04.5511
Leg Ulcer
Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.		04.5511
Stasis Ulcer
[description not available]		04.5511
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		04.5511
Varicose Ulcer
Skin breakdown or ulceration in the drainage area of a VARICOSE VEIN, usually in the leg.		04.5511
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.		08.4220
Acute Coronary Syndrome
An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		02.2510
Depression, Endogenous
[description not available]		09.971310
Depressive Disorder
An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.		09.971310
Bleeding
[description not available]		04.3130
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		04.3130
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		04.0240
Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective
[description not available]		03.1710
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		04.1960
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		04.0240
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II
A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).		03.1710
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		09.1960
Smoking Cessation
Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING.		03.1710
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		07.56171
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		06.0833
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia
[description not available]		02.2510
Tachycardia, Ventricular
An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).		02.2510
Elevated Cholesterol
[description not available]		07.9192
Hypercholesterolemia
A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.		012.9192
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		05.2741
Infections, Coronavirus
[description not available]		03.1710
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		05.2931
Pneumonia, Viral
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.		03.1710
Coronavirus Infections
Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).		03.1710
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		04.9642
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		04.9642
Infections, Respiratory
[description not available]		03.711
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.		03.711
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		03.5120
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		03.5120
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		02.3110
Depression, Involutional
Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.		07.1262
Depressive Disorder, Major
Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)		07.1262
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		04.6230
Acute Thrombotic Stroke
[description not available]		02.3110
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		05.771
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		04.4680
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		05.771
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		04.4680
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		05.0831
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		07.7883
Dementia Praecox
[description not available]		08.7595
Schizophrenia
A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.		08.7595
Eczema, Atopic
[description not available]		02.1710
Dermatitis, Eczematous
[description not available]		02.1710
Itching
[description not available]		02.1710
Dermatitis, Atopic
A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.		02.1710
Eczema
A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).		02.1710
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		02.1710
Behavior Disorders
[description not available]		03.8520
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
[description not available]		03.0910
Mental Disorders
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.		03.8520
Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.		03.0910
Stunted Growth
[description not available]		04.4811
Growth Disorders
Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.		04.4811
Debility
[description not available]		02.1710
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		02.4220
Post-Natal Depression
[description not available]		03.0910
Depression, Postpartum
Depression in POSTPARTUM WOMEN, usually within four weeks after giving birth (PARTURITION). The degree of depression ranges from mild transient depression to neurotic or psychotic depressive disorders. (From DSM-IV, p386)		03.0910
Keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea.		02.1710
Cognitive Decline
[description not available]		02.5820
Amentia
[description not available]		02.5820
Dementia
An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.		02.5820
Cognitive Dysfunction
Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.		02.5820
Preterm Birth
[description not available]		02.5920
Premature Birth
CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).		02.5920
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		0591
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		02.1710
Critical Illness
A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.		03.1210
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease
[description not available]		08.8984
Huntington Disease
A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)		08.8984
Recrudescence
[description not available]		05.0431
Cardiometabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.		07.8864
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		02.2110
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.		07.8864
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		02.2110
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic
[description not available]		03.1210
Breathing Sounds
[description not available]		03.1210
Cough
A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.		03.1210
Respiratory Sounds
Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.		03.1210
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.		03.1210
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
[description not available]		02.2110
Glucose Intolerance
A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.		02.2110
Allergic Encephalomyelitis
[description not available]		02.0810
Chronic Insomnia
[description not available]		04.411
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.		04.411
Menopause
The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.		05.322
Hot Flashes
A sudden, temporary sensation of heat predominantly experienced by some women during MENOPAUSE. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)		04.411
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		02.7330
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		02.7330
Right Ventricular Dysfunction
[description not available]		02.110
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
[description not available]		04.411
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		05.0331
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		04.411
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		05.0331
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		04.411
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.		04.411
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		02.1110
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		02.1110
Neuralgia, Sciatic
[description not available]		03.511
Sciatica
A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of SCIATIC NEUROPATHY; RADICULOPATHY (involving the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT); or lesions of the CAUDA EQUINA.		03.511
Spinal Stenosis
Narrowing of the spinal canal.		03.511
Central Hypothyroidism
[description not available]		02.4420
Hypothyroidism
A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.		02.4420
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		02.1310
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1310
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar
[description not available]		08.3475
Bipolar Disorder
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.		08.3475
Psychoses
[description not available]		05.5144
Psychotic Disorders
Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)		05.5144
Arterial Diseases, Carotid
[description not available]		04.7621
Rupture, Spontaneous
Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.		04.7621
Carotid Artery Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.		04.7621
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism
[description not available]		02.0510
Parkinson Disease, Secondary
Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)		02.0510
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		03.8221
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		02.0710
MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0710
Parkinsonian Disorders
A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.		02.0710
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		03.7921
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		03.7921
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		02.0110
Nephrotic Syndrome
A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.		02.0110
Disorder, Borderline Personality
[description not available]		03.411
Aggression
Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.		03.411
Borderline Personality Disorder
A personality disorder marked by a pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. (DSM-IV)		03.411
Diffuse Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Poorly-Differentiated
[description not available]		02.0110
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell
A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1).		02.0110
Coagulation Disorders, Blood
[description not available]		02.4120
Blood Coagulation Disorders
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.		02.4120
Age-Related Memory Disorders
[description not available]		02.0210
Memory Disorders
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.		02.0210
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)		03.411
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.		04.7321
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung
A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.		02.0210
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		02.0210
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		02.0210
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		02.0210
Bilirubinemia
[description not available]		02.0310
Rhabdomyolysis
Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.		02.0310
Aneurysm, Ruptured
The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worsening pain. The great danger of a ruptured aneurysm is the large amount of blood spilling into the surrounding tissues and cavities, causing HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.		03.4311
Angiospasm, Intracranial
[description not available]		03.4311
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		03.4311
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid
[description not available]		03.4311
Intracranial Aneurysm
Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (		03.4311
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.		03.4311
Vasospasm, Intracranial
Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).		03.4311
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		04.6232
Albuminuria
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		05.3853
Diabetic Nephropathies
KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.		04.6232
Urinary Calculi
Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.		02.420
Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion
Obstruction of the flow in the SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION by ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EMBOLISM; THROMBOSIS; STENOSIS; TRAUMA; and compression or intrinsic pressure from adjacent tumors. Rare causes are drugs, intestinal parasites, and vascular immunoinflammatory diseases such as PERIARTERITIS NODOSA and THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS. (From Juergens et al., Peripheral Vascular Diseases, 5th ed, pp295-6)		01.9810
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans
Common occlusive arterial disease which is caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS. It is characterized by lesions in the innermost layer (ARTERIAL INTIMA) of arteries including the AORTA and its branches to the extremities. Risk factors include smoking, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, and HYPERTENSION.		02.6730
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		03.3711
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		08.3711
Blood Clot
[description not available]		04.2841
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.		05.0352
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		09.2841
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		02.3920
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		02.3820
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		01.9810
Glomerulonephritis, Lupus
[description not available]		02.3820
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		02.3820
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		01.9810
Lupus Nephritis
Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).		02.3820
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		07.3820
Gallstone Disease
[description not available]		01.9910
Cholelithiasis
Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).		01.9910
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		03.3811
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		03.3811
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction
[description not available]		0210
Cerebral Infarction
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).		0210
Aura
[description not available]		0210
Epilepsy
A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)		0210
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
[description not available]		0210
Carcinoma, Thymic
[description not available]		0210
Cancer of the Thymus
[description not available]		0210
Peritoneal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.		0210
Thymoma
A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		0210
Thymus Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.		0210
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		03.3911
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		03.3911
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced
[description not available]		03.3911
Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.		03.3911
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced
Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)		03.3911
MELAS
[description not available]		0710
MELAS Syndrome
A mitochondrial disorder characterized by focal or generalized seizures, episodes of transient or persistent neurologic dysfunction resembling strokes, and ragged-red fibers on muscle biopsy. Affected individuals tend to be normal at birth through early childhood, then experience growth failure, episodic vomiting, and recurrent cerebral insults resulting in visual loss and hemiparesis. The cortical lesions tend to occur in the parietal and occipital lobes and are not associated with vascular occlusion. VASCULAR HEADACHE is frequently associated and the disorder tends to be familial. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch56, p117)		0210
Cecal Diseases
Pathological developments in the CECUM.		01.9810
Ulcer
A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.		01.9810
Diabetic Angiopathies
VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.		01.9810
Bends
[description not available]		01.9710
Glycosuria
The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).		01.9710
Gangrene
Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.		01.9710
Arterial Obstructive Diseases
[description not available]		01.9710
Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.		01.9710
Berger Disease
[description not available]		01.9710
Glomerulonephritis, IGA
A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.		01.9710
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510