stiripentol profile

stiripentol: structure [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5311454
CHEMBL ID	1983350
CHEBI ID	94435
SCHEMBL ID	216436
SCHEMBL ID	2533815
MeSH ID	M0075555

Synonym
me-2080
bcx-2600
diacomit
stiripentol [usan:inn]
1-penten-3-ol, 4,4-dimethyl-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-
1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-1-penten-3-ol
stiripentolum [inn-latin]
brn 1313047
einecs 256-480-9
estiripentol [inn-spanish]
bcx 2600
4,4-dimethyl-1-((3,4-methylenedioxy)phenyl)-1-penten-3-ol
diacomit (tn)
D05928
stiripentol (jan/usan/inn)
MLS001424144
stiripentol
MLS000758313
smr000449279
cpd000449279
49763-96-4
HMS2052K07
NCGC00185769-01
cas-49763-96-4
dtxsid6049068 ,
tox21_113622
dtxcid1028994
HMS2232P06
CHEMBL1983350
CCG-101092
estiripentol
stiripentolum
5-19-02-00640 (beilstein handbook reference)
S5266
(1e)-1-(2h-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4,4-dimethylpent-1-en-3-ol
gtpl5469
131206-47-8
stiripentol [orange book]
SCHEMBL216436
NC00342
(e)-1-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-4,4-dimethylpent-1-en-3-ol
SCHEMBL2533815
AKOS025149123
mfcd00869310
DB09118
AKOS027255159
CHEBI:94435
137767-55-6
bdbm50504273
stiripentol, >=98% (hplc)
CS-7801
HY-103392
Q412182
1-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-4,4-dimethylpent-1-en-3-ol
BS-16863
bcx2600; bcx-2600; bcx 2600
BCP10434
HMS3886M17
CCG-266819
NCGC00185769-02
bcx2600
W10731
DTXSID80860609
(1e)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-1-penten-3-ol
(1e)-1-(1,3-dioxaindan-5-yl)-4,4-dimethylpent-1-en-3-ol
EN300-7393003
n03ax17
stiripentolum (inn-latin)
estiripentol (inn-spanish)
(1e,3rs)-1-(benzo(d)(1,3)dioxol-5-yl)-4,4-dimethylpent-1-en-3-ol
stiripentol (mart.)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Stiripentol is safe and effective during long-term use in patients with DS in routine clinical practice. In infants with Dravet syndrome, stiripents significantly reduce long-lasting seizures including status epilepticus.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Twenty-two patients experienced stiripentol-related adverse events, with two having severe ones."	( Long-term safety and efficacy of stiripentol for the treatment of Dravet syndrome: A multicenter, open-label study in Japan. Inoue, Y; Ohtsuka, Y, 2015)	0.42
"During adjunctive stiripentol use with clobazam and valproate, careful monitoring for adverse events such as somnolence and loss of appetite is recommended, and dose reduction may become needed for any of the antiepileptics."	( Long-term safety and efficacy of stiripentol for the treatment of Dravet syndrome: A multicenter, open-label study in Japan. Inoue, Y; Ohtsuka, Y, 2015)	0.42
" Frequency of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, focal seizures, status epilepticus, and adverse events were recorded."	( Stiripentol efficacy and safety in Dravet syndrome: a 12-year observational study. Cross, JH; Lightfoot, P; Myers, KA; Patil, SG; Scheffer, IE, 2018)	0.48
" The most common adverse events were anorexia, weight loss, sedation, and behavioural changes."	( Stiripentol efficacy and safety in Dravet syndrome: a 12-year observational study. Cross, JH; Lightfoot, P; Myers, KA; Patil, SG; Scheffer, IE, 2018)	0.48
" Adverse drug reactions occurred in 70 % of new patients; the most common were somnolence (39 %) and loss of appetite (25 %)."	( Long-term safety and effectiveness of stiripentol in patients with Dravet syndrome: Interim report of a post-marketing surveillance study in Japan. Inoue, Y; Matsui, D; Ohtsuka, Y; Suzuki, K; Yamada, M, 2021)	0.62
"Stiripentol is safe and effective during long-term use in patients with DS in routine clinical practice."	( Long-term safety and effectiveness of stiripentol in patients with Dravet syndrome: Interim report of a post-marketing surveillance study in Japan. Inoue, Y; Matsui, D; Ohtsuka, Y; Suzuki, K; Yamada, M, 2021)	0.62
" Three patients discontinued stiripentol for adverse events; 55% reported at least one adverse event, mostly loss of appetite/weight (21%) and somnolence (11%)."	( Initiating stiripentol before 2 years of age in patients with Dravet syndrome is safe and beneficial against status epilepticus. Chancharme, L; Chemaly, N; Chiron, C; Nabbout, R, 2023)	0.91
"Initiating stiripentol in infants with Dravet syndrome is safe and beneficial, significantly reducing long-lasting seizures including status epilepticus, hospitalizations, and mortality in the critical first years of life."	( Initiating stiripentol before 2 years of age in patients with Dravet syndrome is safe and beneficial against status epilepticus. Chancharme, L; Chemaly, N; Chiron, C; Nabbout, R, 2023)	0.91

Pharmacokinetics

Stiripentol showed a significant degree of tolerance to the anticonvulsant and neurotoxic effects following subacute treatment with the racemic compound. Study undertook to define the overall pharmacokinetic profile of stiripentl in rhesus monkey prior to its efficacy evaluation.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"557 l/h/kg) and a shorter half-life (2."	( Comparative anticonvulsant potency and pharmacokinetics of (+)-and (-)-enantiomers of stiripentol. Boddy, AV; Lepage, F; Levy, RH; Savitch, JL; Shen, DD; Tombret, F, 1992)	0.28
" This study undertook to define the overall pharmacokinetic profile of stiripentol in rhesus monkey prior to its efficacy evaluation."	( Pharmacokinetic profile of a new anticonvulsant, stiripentol, in the rhesus monkey. Levy, RH; Lin, HS, 1983)	0.27
"An earlier pharmacodynamic study of the chiral antiepileptic drug stiripentol in an intravenous pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure model in the rat showed the development of a significant degree of tolerance to the anticonvulsant and neurotoxic effects following subacute treatment with the racemic compound."	( Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of stiripentol: an explanation for the development of tolerance to anticonvulsant effect. Arends, RH; Baillie, TA; Levy, RH; Shen, DD; Zhang, K, 1994)	0.29
" Three of the new drugs, gabapentin, topiramate and vigabatrin, are more promising on the basis of their pharmacokinetic features."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of the newer antiepileptic drugs. Bialer, M, 1993)	0.29
" Brain AED concentrations were also measured so as to ascertain any pharmacokinetic contribution to the pharmacodynamic interactions."	( Characterization of the anticonvulsant, behavioral and pharmacokinetic interaction profiles of stiripentol in combination with clonazepam, ethosuximide, phenobarbital, and valproate using isobolographic analysis. Czuczwar, SJ; Luszczki, JJ; Patsalos, PN; Ratnaraj, N, 2006)	0.33
" However, these interactions were complicated by changes in brain AED concentrations consequent to pharmacokinetic interactions."	( Characterization of the anticonvulsant, behavioral and pharmacokinetic interaction profiles of stiripentol in combination with clonazepam, ethosuximide, phenobarbital, and valproate using isobolographic analysis. Czuczwar, SJ; Luszczki, JJ; Patsalos, PN; Ratnaraj, N, 2006)	0.33
" However, these conclusions are confounded by the fact that STP is associated with significant pharmacokinetic interactions."	( Characterization of the anticonvulsant, behavioral and pharmacokinetic interaction profiles of stiripentol in combination with clonazepam, ethosuximide, phenobarbital, and valproate using isobolographic analysis. Czuczwar, SJ; Luszczki, JJ; Patsalos, PN; Ratnaraj, N, 2006)	0.33
" Median area under the curve (AUC), terminal elimination half-life (t1/2,z) and maximal concentration (Cmax) were calculated for between-dose comparison."	( Reassessment of stiripentol pharmacokinetics in healthy adult volunteers. Chiron, C; Dulac, O; Jullien, V; Le Guern, ME; Peigné, S; Pons, G; Rey, E, 2014)	0.4
"To develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model in adults and children for clobazam, its active metabolite norclobazam and stiripentol and to account for significant clinical interaction that has been reported when clobazam and stiripentol are co-administered."	( A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for clobazam and stiripentol in adults and children. Aarons, L; Ogungbenro, K, 2015)	0.42
"Thirty-five children with epilepsy were included in a prospective population pharmacokinetic study (using NONMEM(®) software)."	( Pharmacokinetics of clobazam and N-desmethylclobazam in children with dravet syndrome receiving concomitant stiripentol and valproic Acid. Chhun, S; Chiron, C; Dulac, O; Jullien, V; Pons, G; Rey, E; Tod, M, 2015)	0.42
"This is the first simultaneous pharmacokinetic model for clobazam and N-CLB in epileptic children."	( Pharmacokinetics of clobazam and N-desmethylclobazam in children with dravet syndrome receiving concomitant stiripentol and valproic Acid. Chhun, S; Chiron, C; Dulac, O; Jullien, V; Pons, G; Rey, E; Tod, M, 2015)	0.42
" Both the safety and the pharmacokinetic populations of the stiripentol arm comprised 14 patients (2 placebo; 12 cannabidiol)."	( A Phase II Randomized Trial to Explore the Potential for Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions with Stiripentol or Valproate when Combined with Cannabidiol in Patients with Epilepsy. Arenas Cabrera, CM; Ben-Menachem, E; Critchley, D; Crockett, J; Gunning, B; Morrison, G; Tayo, B; Toledo, M; VanLandingham, K; Wray, L, 2020)	0.56
" The aim was to use long-term TDM to investigate pharmacokinetic variability of ASMs in these patients."	( Pharmacokinetic Variability During Long-Term Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Valproate, Clobazam, and Levetiracetam in Patients With Dravet Syndrome. Bjørnvold, M; Burns, ML; Heger, K; Johannessen Landmark, C; Johannessen, SI; Lund, C; Sætre, E, 2020)	0.56
" Pharmacokinetic variability of the total number of measurements of valproate (n = 417), clobazam and N-desmethylclobazam (n = 328), and levetiracetam (n = 238) was determined."	( Pharmacokinetic Variability During Long-Term Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Valproate, Clobazam, and Levetiracetam in Patients With Dravet Syndrome. Bjørnvold, M; Burns, ML; Heger, K; Johannessen Landmark, C; Johannessen, SI; Lund, C; Sætre, E, 2020)	0.56
" Pharmacokinetic variability and interactions can thus be identified and adjusted to facilitate decision making to achieve the optimal treatment outcome."	( Pharmacokinetic Variability During Long-Term Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Valproate, Clobazam, and Levetiracetam in Patients With Dravet Syndrome. Bjørnvold, M; Burns, ML; Heger, K; Johannessen Landmark, C; Johannessen, SI; Lund, C; Sætre, E, 2020)	0.56

Compound-Compound Interactions

Cannabidiol was investigated in an experimental model of stroke. Study looked at impact of cannabidio on steady-state pharmacokinetics of clobazam, stiripentol, and valproate.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The anticonvulsant and acute adverse (neurotoxic) effects of STP in combination with the various conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), at fixed ratios of 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1, were evaluated in the PTZ and chimney tests in mice using the isobolographic analysis."	( Characterization of the anticonvulsant, behavioral and pharmacokinetic interaction profiles of stiripentol in combination with clonazepam, ethosuximide, phenobarbital, and valproate using isobolographic analysis. Czuczwar, SJ; Luszczki, JJ; Patsalos, PN; Ratnaraj, N, 2006)	0.33
"Phase I, open-label, randomized, single-dose, 3-period crossover study assessing pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of ZX008, a liquid oral formulation of fenfluramine (FFA) under development for adjunctive treatment of Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, administered with and without a combined antiepileptic drug (AED) regimen of stiripentol (STP), valproate (VPA), and clobazam (CLB) (STP regimen)."	( A phase I, randomized, open-label, single-dose, 3-period crossover study to evaluate the drug-drug interaction between ZX008 (fenfluramine HCl oral solution) and a regimen of stiripentol, clobazam, and valproate in healthy subjects . Boyd, B; Farfel, GM; Galer, BS; Gammaitoni, A; Smith, S, 2019)	0.51
" This open-label, fixed-sequence, drug-drug interaction, healthy volunteer trial investigated the impact of cannabidiol on steady-state pharmacokinetics of clobazam (and N-desmethylclobazam), stiripentol, and valproate; the reciprocal effect of clobazam, stiripentol, and valproate on cannabidiol and its major metabolites (7-hydroxy-cannabidiol [7-OH-CBD] and 7-carboxy-cannabidiol [7-COOH-CBD]); and cannabidiol safety and tolerability when coadministered with each antiepileptic drug."	( A Phase 1, Open-Label, Pharmacokinetic Trial to Investigate Possible Drug-Drug Interactions Between Clobazam, Stiripentol, or Valproate and Cannabidiol in Healthy Subjects. Blakey, G; Crockett, J; Morrison, G; Sommerville, K, 2019)	0.51
" It is important to consider the possibility of drug-drug interactions (DDIs)."	( Clinical implications of trials investigating drug-drug interactions between cannabidiol and enzyme inducers or inhibitors or common antiseizure drugs. Critchley, D; Gidal, B; Morrison, G; Patsalos, PN; Szaflarski, JP; VanLandingham, K, 2020)	0.56
" Hence, their metabolic stability and potential involvement in relevant drug-drug interactions (DDI) are of great clinical interest, being HepaRG cells herein used as an in vitro human model."	( Study of the metabolic stability profiles of perampanel, rufinamide and stiripentol and prediction of drug interactions using HepaRG cells as an in vitro human model. Alves, G; Falcão, A; Fortuna, A; Meirinho, S; Rodrigues, M, 2022)	0.72
" In the current study, we have investigated the neuroprotective effect of stiripentol (STP) and trans integrated stress response inhibitor (ISRIB) alone and in combination with rat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) secretome in an experimental model of stroke."	( Rat BM-MSCs secretome alone and in combination with stiripentol and ISRIB, ameliorated microglial activation and apoptosis in experimental stroke. Attri, SV; Bhattacharyya, S; Das Radotra, B; Dhir, N; Jain, A; Mahendru, D; Malik, D; Medhi, B; Patial, A; Prakash, A; Sharma, AR; Sharma, S, 2023)	0.91
"STP and trans ISRIB, alone and in combination with rat BM-MSCs secretome, significantly improved neurological, motor function and memory deficits along with significant reduction in pyknotic neurons in the brain of post MCAO rats."	( Rat BM-MSCs secretome alone and in combination with stiripentol and ISRIB, ameliorated microglial activation and apoptosis in experimental stroke. Attri, SV; Bhattacharyya, S; Das Radotra, B; Dhir, N; Jain, A; Mahendru, D; Malik, D; Medhi, B; Patial, A; Prakash, A; Sharma, AR; Sharma, S, 2023)	0.91
"STP and trans ISRIB, alone and in combination with rat BM-MSCs secretome, might be considered as potential neuroprotective agents in the acute ischemic stroke (AIS) management."	( Rat BM-MSCs secretome alone and in combination with stiripentol and ISRIB, ameliorated microglial activation and apoptosis in experimental stroke. Attri, SV; Bhattacharyya, S; Das Radotra, B; Dhir, N; Jain, A; Mahendru, D; Malik, D; Medhi, B; Patial, A; Prakash, A; Sharma, AR; Sharma, S, 2023)	0.91

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This paper aimed to explore the performance of polymeric mixed micelles on solubilization, stabilization and bioavailability enhancement with stiripentol as model drug."	( Exploring the potential of self-assembled mixed micelles in enhancing the stability and oral bioavailability of an acid-labile drug. Wang, H; Wu, B; Zhang, T; Zhang, X; Zhou, X, 2014)	0.4
" A bioavailability study was performed in rats after oral administration of either STP-NEs, or commercial formulation (Diacomit)."	( Nanoemulsions as novel oral carriers of stiripentol: insights into the protective effect and absorption enhancement. Li, X; Liu, S; Lu, R; Wang, Q, 2015)	0.42
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
" Moreover, compared with STP suspensions, the bioavailability of STP-SD-ETs was as high as 138."	( Stiripentol Enteric Solid Dispersion-Loaded Effervescent Tablets: Enhanced Dissolution, Stability, and Absorption. He, W; Jiang, Q; Jiang, Y; Li, J; Wang, Y; Xiao, Z; Xu, S, 2022)	0.72

Dosage Studied

Stiripentol was very highly bound to plasma proteins in plasma from dosed subjects as well as spiked human plasma (free fraction of 1 per cent) This suggests in vivo activation to a metabolic intermediate forming a complex with cerebral cytochrome P-450.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"The inhibitory effect of stiripentol (STP) on disposition of carbamazepine (CBZ) and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZE) was quantitated to establish CBZ dosage reduction guidelines for future clinical add-on efficacy trials of STP."	( Carbamazepine dose requirements during stiripentol therapy: influence of cytochrome P-450 inhibition by stiripentol. Eddy, AC; Kerr, BM; Levy, RH; Martinez-Lage, JM; Tor, J; Viteri, C, )	0.13
" Blood and urine samples in the studies were collected during a dosing interval at steady state."	( Effects of polytherapy with phenytoin, carbamazepine, and stiripentol on formation of 4-ene-valproate, a hepatotoxic metabolite of valproic acid. Acheampong, A; Anderson, GD; Baillie, TA; Friel, PN; Guyot, M; Levy, RH; Loiseau, P; Rettenmeier, AW; Tor, J; Wilensky, AJ, 1990)	0.28
" Dose-response studies were performed after acute intraperitoneal injection and subacute oral drug treatment."	( Efficacy of stiripentol in the intravenous pentylenetetrazol infusion seizure model in the rat. Levy, RH; Moor, MJ; Savitch, JL; Shen, DD, )	0.13
" From a quantitative standpoint, the most important pathway of biotransformation of I following both acute and chronic dosing involved opening of the methylenedioxy ring to generate catechol derivatives."	( The metabolic fate of stiripentol in man. Astoin, J; Baillie, TA; Lepage, F; Levy, RH; Moreland, TA; Tombret, F, )	0.13
" This suggests in vivo activation to a metabolic intermediate forming a complex with cerebral cytochrome P-450, which 2 hr after dosing is fully insensitive to stiripentol added to incubates."	( Ex vivo inhibition of rat brain cytochrome P-450 activity by stiripentol. Jenner, P; Mesnil, M; Testa, B, 1988)	0.27
" Stiripentol was very highly bound to plasma proteins in plasma from dosed subjects as well as spiked human plasma (free fraction of 1 per cent)."	( Pharmacokinetics of stiripentol in normal man: evidence of nonlinearity. Blehaut, HM; Levy, RH; Lin, HS; Tor, JA, )	0.13
" Stiripentol was administered orally three times a day in dosage increments of 600, 1,200, and 1,800 mg/day for consecutive periods of 3, 4, and 7 days, respectively."	( Michaelis-Menten kinetics of stiripentol in normal humans. Blehaut, HM; Guyot, M; Levy, RH; Loiseau, P; Moreland, TA; Tor, J, 1984)	0.27
" The frequency of congenital defects in PHT-treated animals was dosage dependent, ranging from 7 to 55%."	( Protection from phenytoin-induced congenital malformations by coadministration of the antiepileptic drug stiripentol in a mouse model. Finnell, RH; Kerr, BM; Levy, RH; Steward, RL; van Waes, M, )	0.13
"05), compared with mice dosed with CBZ alone (1,000 mg/kg/day)."	( Effect of treatment with phenobarbital and stiripentol on carbamazepine-induced teratogenicity and reactive metabolite formation. Amore, BM; Bajpai, M; Bennett, GD; Finnell, RH; Levy, RH; Slattery, JT, 1995)	0.29
"l-1 and the dosage of CBZ should simultaneously be decreased in steps by more than 50% to minimize the change in CBZ plasma concentration."	( Effect of stiripentol on carbamazepine plasma concentration and metabolism in epileptic children. Chiron, C; d'Athis, P; Dulac, O; Olive, G; Pous, G; Renard, F; Rey, E; Tran, A; Vauzelle-Kervroedan, F, 1996)	0.29
" This study sought to determine the lowest dosage of stiripentol (STP) protective against phenytoin-induced teratogenesis in a mouse model, and to determine mechanistically if inhibition of oxidative metabolism by STP in vitro decreased production of reactive phenytoin (PHT) metabolites."	( Effect of stiripentol dose on phenytoin-induced teratogenesis in a mouse model. Bajpai, M; Bennett, GD; Finnell, RH; Levy, RH; Mather, GG; Wlodarczyk, B, )	0.13
" They could be so severe in patients over 12 years of age that the stiripentol dosage could not be increased to 50 mg kg-1 j-1."	( [Long-term efficacy and tolerance of stiripentaol in severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (Dravet's syndrome)]. Chiron, C; Dellatolas, G; Dulac, O; Pons, G; Rey, E; Thanh, TN; Vincent, J, 2002)	0.31
"The aim of this study was to characterize the anticonvulsant effects of stiripentol (STP) in combination with clobazam [CLB], and valproate [VPA]) in the mouse maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizure model using the type I isobolographic analysis for parallel and non-parallel dose-response relationship curves (DRRCs)."	( Interactions of stiripentol with clobazam and valproate in the mouse maximal electroshock-induced seizure model. Czuczwar, SJ; Luszczki, JJ; Patsalos, PN; Ratnaraj, N; Trojnar, MK, 2010)	0.36
" They were also offered an increased dosage of stiripentol if treatment with carnitine improved the encephalopathy."	( Starting stiripentol in adults with Dravet syndrome? Watch for ammonia and carnitine. Andrade, DM; Marques, P; Sadoway, T; Selvarajah, A; Tabarestani, S; Zulfiqar Ali, Q, 2020)	0.56

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Luciferase	Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)	Potency	22.4301	0.0072	15.7588	89.3584	AID1224835; AID624030
glp-1 receptor, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.4813	0.0184	6.8060	14.1254	AID624172
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	22.6874	0.0060	38.0041	19,952.5996	AID1159521; AID1159523
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	32.2543	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID1259243; AID1259247
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	29.1142	0.0010	22.6508	76.6163	AID1224838; AID1224839; AID1224893
progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	23.7101	0.0004	17.9460	75.1148	AID1346795
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	6.9178	0.0123	7.9835	43.2770	AID1645841
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	29.8493	0.0030	41.6115	22,387.1992	AID1159552; AID1159553; AID1159555
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.6770	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224841; AID1259401
pregnane X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	29.8493	0.0054	28.0263	1,258.9301	AID1346982
G	Vesicular stomatitis virus	Potency	3.0901	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2D6	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.9640	0.0010	8.3798	61.1304	AID1645840
aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	12.6082	0.0007	23.0674	1,258.9301	AID743085; AID743122
Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.0901	0.0033	9.1582	39.8107	AID1645842
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.0901	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	Potency	39.8107	0.0096	10.5250	35.4813	AID1479145
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.0901	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.0901	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	46.0000	0.0011	2.0009	10.0000	AID1517295
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	46.0000	0.0014	1.9578	10.0000	AID1517295
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	46.0000	0.0014	1.7768	10.0000	AID1517295
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagy	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-beta	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replication	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
humoral immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of T cell anergy	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of bacterium	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-12 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-6 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendritic cell differentiation	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
post-embryonic development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
adult behavior	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to histamine	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
inner ear receptor cell development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
innervation	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to histamine	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cochlea development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate metabolic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cytokine activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular space	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class I protein complex	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
virion membrane	Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
fibrillar center	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (63)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347425	Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347424	RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID696708	Neurotoxicity in Swiss albino mouse assessed as effect on hindlimb grip strength at 747 umol/kg, sc administered measured every 15 mins for 2 hrs	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	Design and synthesis of novel stiripentol analogues as potential anticonvulsants.
AID696703	Anticonvulsant activity in ip dosed Swiss albino mouse assessed as maximal electroshock-induced seizures administered 30 mins before electroshock challenge	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	Design and synthesis of novel stiripentol analogues as potential anticonvulsants.
AID696696	Anticonvulsant activity in Swiss albino mouse assessed as protection against subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures at 640 umol/kg, ip administered 30 mins before pentylenetetrazole challenge measured after 30 mins	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	Design and synthesis of novel stiripentol analogues as potential anticonvulsants.
AID696698	Anticonvulsant activity in Swiss albino mouse assessed as protection against subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures at 747 umol/kg, ip administered 30 mins before pentylenetetrazole challenge measured after 30 mins	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	Design and synthesis of novel stiripentol analogues as potential anticonvulsants.
AID1517295	Agonist activity at GABA alpha1beta2gamma2 receptor in human HEK293T at -50 mV holding potential by whole cell voltage clamp assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183	Polygala tenuifolia-Acori tatarinowii herbal pair as an inspiration for substituted cinnamic α-asaronol esters: Design, synthesis, anticonvulsant activity, and inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase study.
AID1868303	Cytotoxicity against hyperoxaluric-primary hepatocyte isolated from Hoga1-knockdown PH3 C57BL/6 mouse assessed as cell death at 10 uM by MTS assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 237	New salicylic acid derivatives, double inhibitors of glycolate oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase, as effective agents decreasing oxalate production.
AID696709	Neurotoxicity in Swiss albino mouse assessed as climbing response to inverted mesh at at 747 umol/kg, sc administered measured every 15 mins for 2 hrs by wire mesh grasping test	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	Design and synthesis of novel stiripentol analogues as potential anticonvulsants.
AID1517332	Inhibition of human LDH5 at 2 mM using sodium pyruvate as substrate by UV-VIS spectrophotometry method relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183	Polygala tenuifolia-Acori tatarinowii herbal pair as an inspiration for substituted cinnamic α-asaronol esters: Design, synthesis, anticonvulsant activity, and inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase study.
AID696692	Anticonvulsant activity in Swiss albino mouse assessed as protection against subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures at 427 umol/kg, ip administered 30 mins before pentylenetetrazole challenge measured after 30 mins	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	Design and synthesis of novel stiripentol analogues as potential anticonvulsants.
AID1323834	Displacement of [3H]rosiglitazone from recombinant human C-terminal His-tagged MitoNEET cytosolic domain (32 to 108 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 by scintillation proximity assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 26, Issue:21	Identification of small molecules that bind to the mitochondrial protein mitoNEET.
AID1517254	Anticonvulsant activity in Kunming mouse assessed as MES-induced hind limb extension at 100 mg/kg, ip administered 0. 5 to 2 hrs before MES stimulation	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183	Polygala tenuifolia-Acori tatarinowii herbal pair as an inspiration for substituted cinnamic α-asaronol esters: Design, synthesis, anticonvulsant activity, and inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase study.
AID1868301	Inhibition of GO/LDHA in hyperoxaluric-primary hepatocyte isolated from Hoga1-knockdown PH3 C57BL/6 mouse assessed as relative oxalate output at 10 uM measured at 24 hrs in the presence of hydroxyproline relative to control	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 237	New salicylic acid derivatives, double inhibitors of glycolate oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase, as effective agents decreasing oxalate production.
AID696691	Anticonvulsant activity in Swiss albino mouse assessed as protection against subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures at 384 umol/kg, ip administered 30 mins before pentylenetetrazole challenge measured after 30 mins	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	Design and synthesis of novel stiripentol analogues as potential anticonvulsants.
AID1868305	Cytotoxicity against hyperoxaluric-primary hepatocyte isolated from Agxt1-knockdown PH1 C57BL/6 mouse assessed as cell death at 10 uM by MTS assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 237	New salicylic acid derivatives, double inhibitors of glycolate oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase, as effective agents decreasing oxalate production.
AID1517288	Inhibition of human LDH1 at 2 mM using sodium pyruvate as substrate by UV-VIS spectrophotometry method relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183	Polygala tenuifolia-Acori tatarinowii herbal pair as an inspiration for substituted cinnamic α-asaronol esters: Design, synthesis, anticonvulsant activity, and inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase study.
AID696702	Anticonvulsant activity in ip dosed Swiss albino mouse assessed as protection against subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures administered 30 mins before pentylenetetrazole challenge measured after 30 mins	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	Design and synthesis of novel stiripentol analogues as potential anticonvulsants.
AID1517286	Inhibition of human LDH1 at 0.5 mM using sodium pyruvate as substrate by UV-VIS spectrophotometry method relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183	Polygala tenuifolia-Acori tatarinowii herbal pair as an inspiration for substituted cinnamic α-asaronol esters: Design, synthesis, anticonvulsant activity, and inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase study.
AID1868302	Inhibition of GO/LDHA in hyperoxaluric-primary hepatocyte isolated from Hoga1-knockdown PH3 C57BL/6 mouse assessed as relative oxalate output at 10 uM measured at 48 hrs in the presence of hydroxyproline relative to control	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 237	New salicylic acid derivatives, double inhibitors of glycolate oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase, as effective agents decreasing oxalate production.
AID1517287	Inhibition of human LDH5 at 0.5 mM using sodium pyruvate as substrate by UV-VIS spectrophotometry method relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183	Polygala tenuifolia-Acori tatarinowii herbal pair as an inspiration for substituted cinnamic α-asaronol esters: Design, synthesis, anticonvulsant activity, and inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase study.
AID1868300	Inhibition of GO/LDHA in hyperoxaluric-primary hepatocyte isolated from Grhpr-knockdown PH2 C57BL/6 mouse assessed as relative oxalate output at 10 uM measured at 48 hrs in the presence of glycolate relative to control	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 237	New salicylic acid derivatives, double inhibitors of glycolate oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase, as effective agents decreasing oxalate production.
AID1323835	Displacement of [3H]rosiglitazone from recombinant human C-terminal His-tagged MitoNEET cytosolic domain (32 to 108 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 by Cheng-Prusoff analysis	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 26, Issue:21	Identification of small molecules that bind to the mitochondrial protein mitoNEET.
AID696693	Anticonvulsant activity in Swiss albino mouse assessed as protection against subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures at 491 umol/kg, ip administered 30 mins before pentylenetetrazole challenge measured after 30 mins	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	Design and synthesis of novel stiripentol analogues as potential anticonvulsants.
AID696694	Anticonvulsant activity in Swiss albino mouse assessed as protection against subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures at 534 umol/kg, ip administered 30 mins before pentylenetetrazole challenge measured after 30 mins	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	Design and synthesis of novel stiripentol analogues as potential anticonvulsants.
AID1868304	Cytotoxicity against hyperoxaluric-primary hepatocyte isolated from Grhpr-knockdown PH2 C57BL/6 mouse assessed as cell death at 10 uM by MTS assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 237	New salicylic acid derivatives, double inhibitors of glycolate oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase, as effective agents decreasing oxalate production.
AID696695	Anticonvulsant activity in Swiss albino mouse assessed as protection against subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures at 576 umol/kg, ip administered 30 mins before pentylenetetrazole challenge measured after 30 mins	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	Design and synthesis of novel stiripentol analogues as potential anticonvulsants.
AID1517296	Agonist activity at GABA alpha1beta2gamma2 receptor in human HEK293T at 3.3 to 300 uM at -50 mV holding potential by whole cell voltage clamp assay relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183	Polygala tenuifolia-Acori tatarinowii herbal pair as an inspiration for substituted cinnamic α-asaronol esters: Design, synthesis, anticonvulsant activity, and inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase study.
AID1868299	Inhibition of GO/LDHA in hyperoxaluric-primary hepatocyte isolated from Grhpr-knockdown PH2 C57BL/6 mouse assessed as relative oxalate output at 10 uM measured at 24 hrs in the presence of glycolate relative to control	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 237	New salicylic acid derivatives, double inhibitors of glycolate oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase, as effective agents decreasing oxalate production.
AID696697	Anticonvulsant activity in Swiss albino mouse assessed as maximal electroshock-induced seizures at 640 umol/kg, ip administered 30 mins before electroshock challenge	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 47, Issue:1	Design and synthesis of novel stiripentol analogues as potential anticonvulsants.
AID1517256	Neurotoxicity against Kunming mouse assessed as time remained in rod at 100 mg/kg, ip administered 0.5 to 2 hrs by rotarod test	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 183	Polygala tenuifolia-Acori tatarinowii herbal pair as an inspiration for substituted cinnamic α-asaronol esters: Design, synthesis, anticonvulsant activity, and inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase study.
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	11 (6.43)	18.7374
1990's	17 (9.94)	18.2507
2000's	22 (12.87)	29.6817
2010's	78 (45.61)	24.3611
2020's	43 (25.15)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	18 (9.63%)	5.53%
Reviews	45 (24.06%)	6.00%
Case Studies	10 (5.35%)	4.05%
Observational	3 (1.60%)	0.25%
Other	111 (59.36%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (10)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Pharmacokinetic Study of Stiripentol and Its Metabolites After Multiple Dose Oral Administration in Healthy Male Volunteers [NCT03866928]	Phase 1	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-02-12	Completed
Expanded Access Use of Stiripentol in Participants With Dravet Syndrome or Epileptic Encephalopathies Associated With Sodium Channel Mutations [NCT02239276]		0 participants	Expanded Access		No longer available
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Stiripentol (Diacomit) as Monotherapy for the Treatment of Primary Hyperoxaluria [NCT03819647]	Phase 2	15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-05-21	Completed
A Randomised Controlled Trial of the Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Epilepsy in Children Under the Age of Two Years [NCT02205931]	Phase 4	160 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Recruiting
Study of the Interest of the Combination of Stiripentol (Diacomit®) and Carbamazepine in the Treatment of Patients With Pharmacoresistant Focal Epilepsies [NCT05419180]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-10-13	Recruiting
Treatment Plan to Provide Expanded Access to Stiripentol for Patients With Dravet Syndrome [NCT01983722]		0 participants	Expanded Access		Approved for marketing
Compassionate Use of Stiripentol in Intractable Epilepsy Due to Dravet Syndrome [NCT01533506]		0 participants	Expanded Access	2012-02-29	No longer available
Open Label, Phase I Study to Assess and Compare the Pharmacokinetic Parameters After Multiple Oral Administration of Stiripentol 1000 mg in Renal Impaired Patients and Matching Controls With Normal Renal Function [NCT05735951]	Phase 1	48 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-25	Not yet recruiting
Population Pharmacokinetics of Antiepileptic in Pediatrics [NCT03196466]		1,000 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2017-06-19	Recruiting
Compassionate Use of Stiripentol in Dravet Syndrome [NCT01835314]		0 participants	Expanded Access		No longer available
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	6.42	10	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	7.21	1	0	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	2.25	1	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	7.78	3	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	2.38	2	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
carnitine [no description available]	7.25	1	0	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
naphthalene [no description available]	7.37	2	0	naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene	apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.	3.35	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.	2.13	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
1-aminobenzotriazole [no description available]	1.99	1	0
tramiprosate tramiprosate: GABA receptor agonist and a glycosaminoglycan mimetic; has nootropic acitivity; structure; a sulfonate analog of GABA. 3-aminopropanesulfonic acid : An amino sulfonic acid that is the 3-amino derivative of propanesulfonic acid.	2.13	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; GABA agonist; nootropic agent
4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide: inhibits ADP-ribosylation; sometimes abreviated as 4-AN;	2.13	1	0	benzoisoquinoline; dicarboximide
phenytoin [no description available]	6.38	7	1	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	7	1	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
tyrphostin ag 1024 tyrphostin AG 1024: modulates radiosensitivity in human breast cancer cells; also an IGF1 receptor inhibitor	2.13	1	0	alkylbenzene
caffeine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	9.01	16	3	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carbamazepine epoxide carbamazepine epoxide: metabolite of carbamazepine; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide : An epoxide and metabolite of carbamazepine.	2.01	1	0	dibenzoazepine; epoxide; ureas	allergen; drug metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.	2.13	1	0	hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.13	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
ciglitazone ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; thiazolidinone	antineoplastic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug
clemizole clemizole: was heading 1966-94 (see under BENZIMIDAZOLES 1966-90); use BENZIMIDAZOLES to search CLEMIZOLE 1966-94; a histamine H1- blocker used to treat allergies. clemizole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl and a 4-chlorobenzyl groups at positions 2 and 1 respectively.	2.08	1	0	benzimidazoles; monochlorobenzenes; pyrrolidines	histamine antagonist
clobazam Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.	12.22	28	6	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clonazepam Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.	3.88	3	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monochlorobenzenes	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	4.13	4	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	2.13	1	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
diethylcarbamazine Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.	1.98	1	0	N-carbamoylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	11.92	29	8	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
ethosuximide Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.	7.03	1	0	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector; T-type calcium channel blocker
felbamate Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.	5.1	4	0	carbamate ester	anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent
fenfluramine Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.	8.15	5	2	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; secondary amino compound	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	2.13	1	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	6.11	7	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
gemfibrozil [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether	antilipemic drug
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	2.13	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	2.94	1	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
lamotrigine [no description available]	6.11	7	0	1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	2.13	1	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	9.47	1	1	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	2.94	1	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.03	1	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	6.53	8	1	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
pioglitazone Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; pyridines; thiazolidinediones	antidepressant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug; PPARgamma agonist; xenobiotic
piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.	5.82	7	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
safrole Safrole: A member of the BENZODIOXOLES that is a constituent of several VOLATILE OILS, notably SASSAFRAS oil. It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE and the drug N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA).. safrole : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted by an allyl group at position 5. It is found in several plants, including black pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg, and is present in several essential oils, notably that of sassafras. It has insecticidal properties and has been used as a topical antiseptic. Although not thought to pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans, findings of weak carcinogenicity in rats have resulted in the banning of its (previously widespread) use in perfumes and soaps, and as a food additive.	2.8	3	0	benzodioxoles	flavouring agent; insecticide; metabolite; plant metabolite
sulthiame sulthiame: was heading 1964-94 (see under THIAZINES 1964-90); use THIAZINES to search SULTHIAME 1966-94	3.11	1	0	organic molecular entity
vigabatrin [no description available]	11.11	7	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
zonisamide Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.	5.11	4	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; sulfonamide	anticonvulsant; antioxidant; central nervous system drug; protective agent; T-type calcium channel blocker
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	1.99	1	0	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	3.24	6	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	2.25	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	3.06	1	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	5.11	4	0	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	2.13	1	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	1.98	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	2.13	1	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2	1	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
thioflavin t thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.	2.25	1	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; geroprotector; histological dye
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	5.1	4	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.13	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.	3.35	1	0	3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid	human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).	3.33	5	0	organic calcium salt
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.13	1	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
eterobarb [no description available]	3.08	1	0	barbiturates
oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.	5.49	5	0	cyclic ketone; dibenzoazepine	anticonvulsant; drug allergen
fosphenytoin fosphenytoin: structure given in first & second source	10.39	2	1	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
remacemide remacemide: structure given in first source	4	2	0	stilbenoid
tiagabine Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.	4.63	3	0	beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid; tertiary amino compound; thiophenes	anticonvulsant; GABA reuptake inhibitor
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	5.53	6	0	1,2,3-triazole
rosiglitazone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
n-desmethylclobazam desmethylclobazam: major pharmacologically active metabolite of clobazam; structure in first source	7.83	3	0	benzodiazepine
n-(4,4-diphenyl-3-butenyl)nipecotic acid N-(4,4-diphenyl-3-butenyl)nipecotic acid: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	diarylmethane
tyrphostin 8 tyrphostin 8: a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (a tyrphostin)	2.13	1	0	phenols
1,4-dihydropyridine [no description available]	1.97	1	0
2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid 2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid: putative toxic metabolite of valproic acid	3.53	2	0	methyl-branched fatty acid
ezogabine ezogabine: structure in first source. ezogabine : A substituted aniline that is benzene-1,2,4-triamine bearing ethoxycarbonyl and 4-fluorobenzyl substituents at positions N-1 and N-4 respectively. An anticonvulsant used to treat seizures associated with epilepsy in adults.	2.13	1	0	carbamate ester; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	anticonvulsant; potassium channel modulator
nnc 711 NNC 711: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
rufinamide rufinamide: for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; structure in first source	10.43	5	0	aromatic amide; heteroarene
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl n-acetyltryptophan 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl N-acetyltryptophan: structure given in first source; substance P and neurokinin receptor antagonist	2.13	1	0
pomalidomide 3-aminophthalimidoglutarimide: structure in first source	2.13	1	0	aromatic amine; dicarboximide; isoindoles; piperidones	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; immunomodulator
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	2.13	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
lacosamide Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.	3.61	2	0	N-acyl-amino acid
potassium bromide potassium bromide : A metal bromide salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.08	1	0	potassium salt
sodium bromide sodium bromide: RN given refers to parent cpd. sodium bromide : An inorganic sodium salt having bromide as the counterion.	2.06	1	0	bromide salt; inorganic sodium salt
dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.	1.97	1	0
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	1.95	1	0
saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.	7.01	1	0	L-asparagine derivative; quinolines	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.1	1	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
sodium dichloroacetate CPC 211: for intravenous use in patients with closed head injuries and stroke patients; no further information available 12/99	2.13	1	0
isosafrole isosafrole: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.8	3	0	benzodioxoles
cannabidiol Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.	9.89	9	2	olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols	antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	1.99	1	0	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid : A methoxycinnamic acid with three methoxy substituents at the 3-, 4- and 5-positions.	2.21	1	0
flunarizine Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.	10.38	2	1	diarylmethane
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	6.53	11	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
nadp [no description available]	2.38	2	0
kaempferol [no description available]	2.13	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
caffeic acid phenethyl ester phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.	3.06	1	0	alkyl caffeate ester	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiviral agent; immunomodulator; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
dorzolamide dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.	2.13	1	0	sulfonamide; thiophenes	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.	10.95	8	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.	6.53	11	0	cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester	anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker
furazolidone [no description available]	2.13	1	0
bosutinib 4-((2,4-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)amino)-6-methoxy-7-(3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propoxy)-3-quinolinecarbonitrile: a Src kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; N-methylpiperazine; nitrile; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.	1.99	1	0	6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene	antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic
nitrofurazone Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.	2.13	1	0
pregabalin Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.	3.13	1	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	3.04	3	0
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	2.13	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
dantrolene [no description available]	2.13	1	0
ganaxolone ganaxolone: a selective, high-affinity, steroid modulator of the GABA(A) receptor; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha)-isomer	3.35	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
furaltadon furaltadon: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. furaltadone : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted at position 1 by a (5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 5 by a morpholin-4-ylmethyl group. An antibacterial formerly used oraly but withdrawn due to toxicity, it is used topically (as the hydrochloride salt) for treatment of ear disorders.	2.13	1	0
3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone: a neuroprotective agent; structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
ucb 34714 brivaracetam: A pyrrolidinone compound that is used to treat partial onset seizures in adult patients; structure in first source.. brivaracetam : A non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative that is butanamide in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a (4R)-2-oxo-4-propylpyrrolidin-1-yl. Used for treatment of partial onset seizures related to epilepsy.	3.41	1	0	gamma-lactam; non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative	anticonvulsant
perampanel perampanel : A member of the class of bipyridines that is 2,3'-bipyridin-6'-one substituted at positions 1' and 5' by phenyl and 2-cyanophenyl groups respectively. Used as an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients with epilepsy.	2.72	2	0	bipyridines; nitrile; pyridone	AMPA receptor antagonist; anticonvulsant
tryprostatin a tryprostatin A: isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus; a mammalian cell cycle inhibitor; structure given in first source. tryprostatin A : A cyclic dipeptide that is brevianamide F (cyclo-L-Trp-L-Pro) substituted at positions 2 and 6 on the indole ring by prenyl and methoxy groups respectively.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; dipeptide; indole alkaloid; indoles; pyrrolopyrazine	breast cancer resistance protein inhibitor
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	3.06	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cgp 39393 desirudin: recombinant hirudin; has identical amino acid sequence as the natural hirudin variant 1 but lacks the sulphate group on Tyr(63). desirudin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide composed of 65 amino acids joined in sequence and cyclised by three disulfide bridges between cysteine residues 6-14, 16-28 and 22-39. It is a highly specific inhibitor of thrombin and used as an anticoagulant in patients to prevent venous thromboembolism. Its amino acid sequence differs from natural hirudin by lack of sulfate group on Tyr-63.	2.13	1	0
osteum [no description available]	2.1	1	0	organic molecular entity
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	3.35	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	3.35	2	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
hirudin Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.	2.13	1	0
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	2.13	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2.41	1	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Absence Seizure [description not available]	0	14.4	35	1
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	1	11.4	35	1
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)	0	2.13	1	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	0	2.63	2	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	0	2.63	2	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	3.88	11	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	0	2.25	1	0
Oxaluria, Primary [description not available]	0	4.73	8	0
Hyperoxaluria, Primary A genetic disorder characterized by excretion of large amounts of OXALATES in urine; NEPHROLITHIASIS; NEPHROCALCINOSIS; early onset of RENAL FAILURE; and often a generalized deposit of CALCIUM OXALATE. There are subtypes classified by the enzyme defects in glyoxylate metabolism.	1	6.73	8	0
Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome [description not available]	0	4.07	2	0
Benign Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsy [description not available]	0	13.73	57	8
Epilepsies, Myoclonic A clinically diverse group of epilepsy syndromes characterized either by myoclonic seizures or by myoclonus in association with other seizure types. Myoclonic epilepsy syndromes are divided into three subtypes based on etiology: familial, cryptogenic, and symptomatic.	1	15.73	57	8
Lennox Gastaut Syndrome A childhood-onset epilepsy syndrome.	0	4.07	2	0
Absence Seizure Disorder [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Epilepsy, Absence A seizure disorder usually occurring in childhood characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736)	0	2.52	2	0
Drug Refractory Epilepsy [description not available]	0	8.08	12	1
Abdominal Epilepsy [description not available]	0	8.13	11	2
Epilepsies, Partial Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317)	0	8.13	11	2
Adenoma Sebaceum Facial ANGIOFIBROMA in tuberous sclerosis	0	2.6	1	0
Tuberous Sclerosis Autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome classically characterized by MENTAL RETARDATION; EPILEPSY; and skin lesions (e.g., adenoma sebaceum and hypomelanotic macules). There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in the neurologic manifestations. It is also associated with cortical tuber and HAMARTOMAS formation throughout the body, especially the heart, kidneys, and eyes. Mutations in two loci TSC1 and TSC2 that encode hamartin and tuberin, respectively, are associated with the disease.	0	7.6	1	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	0	2.6	1	0
Hyperoxaluria Excretion of an excessive amount of OXALATES in the urine.	0	4.3	5	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	0	2.6	1	0
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Acute Ischemic Stroke [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Ischemic Stroke Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.	0	2.6	1	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	0	2.6	1	0
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	0	2.6	1	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	0	7.6	1	0
Absence Status [description not available]	0	4.64	9	0
Status Epilepticus A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)	0	4.64	9	0
Nephrolithiasis Formation of stones in the KIDNEY.	0	2.91	3	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Aura [description not available]	0	11.94	35	5
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	0	2.25	1	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	1	13.94	35	5
Allodynia [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	0	2.25	1	0
Hyperammonemia Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.	0	2.25	1	0
Epilepsy Syndromes [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Cryptogenic Infantile Spasms [description not available]	0	3.38	2	0
Epileptic Syndromes EPILEPTIC SEIZURES that are of similar type and age of onset and have other similar features (e.g., clinical course, EEG findings, genetic association and neuropathology).	0	2.31	1	0
Spasms, Infantile An epileptic syndrome characterized by the triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and arrest of psychomotor development at seizure onset. The majority present between 3-12 months of age, with spasms consisting of combinations of brief flexor or extensor movements of the head, trunk, and limbs. The condition is divided into two forms: cryptogenic (idiopathic) and symptomatic (secondary to a known disease process such as intrauterine infections; nervous system abnormalities; BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC, INBORN; prematurity; perinatal asphyxia; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; etc.). (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp744-8)	0	3.38	2	0
Hyperventilation A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.	0	2.31	1	0
Deficiency, Mental [description not available]	0	2.8	3	0
Intellectual Disability Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)	0	2.8	3	0
Hyperthermia An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of inability to regulate core body temperature due to non-pathologic factors.	0	2.31	1	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	0	2.21	1	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	0	2.51	2	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	0	2.51	2	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	2.72	3	0
Autism [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	0	2.11	1	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	0	8.61	8	3
Autistic Disorder A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)	0	2.11	1	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	0	8.61	8	3
Adolescent Myoclonic Epilepsy [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Convulsions, Febrile [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Complex Partial Epilepsy [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Seizures, Febrile Seizures that occur during a febrile episode. It is a common condition, affecting 2-5% of children aged 3 months to five years. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has been identified in some families. The majority are simple febrile seizures (generally defined as generalized onset, single seizures with a duration of less than 30 minutes). Complex febrile seizures are characterized by focal onset, duration greater than 30 minutes, and/or more than one seizure in a 24 hour period. The likelihood of developing epilepsy (i.e., a nonfebrile seizure disorder) following simple febrile seizures is low. Complex febrile seizures are associated with a moderately increased incidence of epilepsy. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p784)	0	2.44	2	0
Epilepsy, Complex Partial A disorder characterized by recurrent partial seizures marked by impairment of cognition. During the seizure the individual may experience a wide variety of psychic phenomenon including formed hallucinations, illusions, deja vu, intense emotional feelings, confusion, and spatial disorientation. Focal motor activity, sensory alterations and AUTOMATISM may also occur. Complex partial seizures often originate from foci in one or both temporal lobes. The etiology may be idiopathic (cryptogenic partial complex epilepsy) or occur as a secondary manifestation of a focal cortical lesion (symptomatic partial complex epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317-8)	0	2.04	1	0
Convulsions, Grand Mal [description not available]	0	3.36	2	0
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)	0	3.36	2	0
Emesis [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	0	2.08	1	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Hepatic Failure [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)	0	2.04	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	0	2.9	4	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	0	2.39	2	0
Hyperactivity, Motor [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	0	2	1	0
Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.	0	2	1	0
Acquired Aphasia with Convulsive Disorder [description not available]	0	2.92	1	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	0	2.92	1	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	0	2.92	1	0
Landau-Kleffner Syndrome A syndrome characterized by the onset of isolated language dysfunction in otherwise normal children (age of onset 4-7 years) and epileptiform discharges on ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY. Seizures, including atypical absence (EPILEPSY, ABSENCE), complex partial (EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL), and other types may occur. The electroencephalographic abnormalities and seizures tend to resolve by puberty. The language disorder may also resolve although some individuals are left with severe language dysfunction, including APHASIA and auditory AGNOSIA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp749-50; J Child Neurol 1997 Nov;12(8):489-495).	0	2.92	1	0
Embryopathies [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood [description not available]	0	3.36	1	1
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).	0	3.36	1	1

stiripentol

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (71)

Research Excerpts

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Pharmacokinetics

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Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Protein Targets (21)

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Molecular Functions (25)

Ceullar Components (35)

Bioassays (63)

Research

Studies (171)

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Trial Overview

stiripentol

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (71)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Protein Targets (21)

Potency Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (58)

Molecular Functions (25)

Ceullar Components (35)

Bioassays (63)

Research

Studies (171)

Study Types

Clinical Trials (10)

Trial Overview

Related Drugs (124)

Related Conditions (91)