Pathways > Warburg Effect
Page last updated: 2024-10-06

Warburg Effect

Proteins (46)

ProteinSynonymsTaxonomy
Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrialEC 2.3.1.12; 70 kDa mitochondrial autoantigen of primary biliary cirrhosis; PBC; Dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; M2 antigen complex 70 kDa subunit; Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component E2; PDC-E2; PDCE2Homo sapiens (human)
Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrialEC 1.3.5.1; Iron-sulfur subunit of complex II; IpHomo sapiens (human)
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)ATB(0); Baboon M7 virus receptor; RD114/simian type D retrovirus receptor; Sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter type 2; Solute carrier family 1 member 5Homo sapiens (human)
Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrialGLS; EC 3.5.1.2; L-glutaminase; L-glutamine amidohydrolaseHomo sapiens (human)
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenaseGAPDH; EC 1.2.1.12; Peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase GAPDH; 2.6.99.-Homo sapiens (human)
Pyruvate kinase PKMEC 2.7.1.40; Cytosolic thyroid hormone-binding protein; CTHBP; Opa-interacting protein 3; OIP-3; Pyruvate kinase 2/3; Pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme; Thyroid hormone-binding protein 1; THBP1; Tumor M2-PK; p58Homo sapiens (human)
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 EC 2.7.2.3; Cell migration-inducing gene 10 protein; Primer recognition protein 2; PRP 2Homo sapiens (human)
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylatingEC 1.1.1.44Homo sapiens (human)
L-lactate dehydrogenase A chainLDH-A; EC 1.1.1.27; Cell proliferation-inducing gene 19 protein; LDH muscle subunit; LDH-M; Renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-59Homo sapiens (human)
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 2Glucose transporter type 2, liver; GLUT-2Homo sapiens (human)
Pyruvate kinase PKLREC 2.7.1.40; Pyruvate kinase 1; Pyruvate kinase isozymes L/R; R-type/L-type pyruvate kinase; Red cell/liver pyruvate kinaseHomo sapiens (human)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrialPDHE1-B; EC 1.2.4.1Homo sapiens (human)
Citrate synthase, mitochondrialEC 2.3.3.1; Citrate (Si)-synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
Glucose-6-phosphate isomeraseGPI; EC 5.3.1.9; Autocrine motility factor; AMF; Neuroleukin; NLK; Phosphoglucose isomerase; PGI; Phosphohexose isomerase; PHI; Sperm antigen 36; SA-36Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, liver typeATP-PFK; PFK-L; EC 2.7.1.11; 6-phosphofructokinase type B; Phosphofructo-1-kinase isozyme B; PFK-B; PhosphohexokinaseHomo sapiens (human)
Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit alpha, mitochondrialEC 1.1.1.41; Isocitric dehydrogenase subunit alpha; NAD(+)-specific ICDH subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
TransketolaseTK; EC 2.2.1.1Homo sapiens (human)
Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrialEC 1.3.5.1; Flavoprotein subunit of complex II; FpHomo sapiens (human)
Monocarboxylate transporter 1MCT 1; Solute carrier family 16 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
Alpha-enolaseEC 4.2.1.11; 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase; C-myc promoter-binding protein; Enolase 1; MBP-1; MPB-1; Non-neural enolase; NNE; Phosphopyruvate hydratase; Plasminogen-binding proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmicIDH; EC 1.1.1.42; Cytosolic NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase; IDP; NADP(+)-specific ICDH; Oxalosuccinate decarboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseG6PD; EC 1.1.1.49Homo sapiens (human)
Hexokinase-2EC 2.7.1.1; Hexokinase type II; HK II; Hexokinase-B; Muscle form hexokinaseHomo sapiens (human)
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase BEC 4.1.2.13; Liver-type aldolaseHomo sapiens (human)
Cytoplasmic aconitate hydrataseAconitase; EC 4.2.1.3; Citrate hydro-lyase; Ferritin repressor protein; Iron regulatory protein 1; IRP1; Iron-responsive element-binding protein 1; IRE-BP 1Homo sapiens (human)
TransaldolaseEC 2.2.1.2Homo sapiens (human)
Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrialAconitase; EC 4.2.1.3; Citrate hydro-lyaseHomo sapiens (human)
Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrialIntegral membrane protein CII-3; QPs-1; QPs1; Succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C; Succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase cytochrome B large subunit; CYBLHomo sapiens (human)
Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmicEC 1.1.1.37; Cytosolic malate dehydrogenase; Diiodophenylpyruvate reductase; 1.1.1.96Homo sapiens (human)
Ribose-5-phosphate isomeraseEC 5.3.1.6; PhosphoriboisomeraseHomo sapiens (human)
6-phosphogluconolactonase6PGL; EC 3.1.1.31Homo sapiens (human)
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrialEC 1.8.1.4; Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase; Glycine cleavage system L proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrialEC 6.4.1.1; Pyruvic carboxylase; PCBHomo sapiens (human)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrialEC 1.2.4.1; PDHE1-A type IHomo sapiens (human)
Probable 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component DHKTD1, mitochondrialEC 1.2.4.2; Dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
Succinate--CoA ligase [ADP/GDP-forming] subunit alpha, mitochondrialEC 6.2.1.4; EC 6.2.1.5; Succinyl-CoA synthetase subunit alpha; SCS-alphaHomo sapiens (human)
Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase component of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrialEC 2.3.1.61; 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex component E2; OGDC-E2; Dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase component of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex; E2KHomo sapiens (human)
Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrialGDH 1; EC 1.4.1.3Homo sapiens (human)
Succinate--CoA ligase [GDP-forming] subunit beta, mitochondrialEC 6.2.1.4; GTP-specific succinyl-CoA synthetase subunit beta; G-SCS; GTPSCS; Succinyl-CoA synthetase beta-G chain; SCS-betaGHomo sapiens (human)
Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrialCybS; CII-4; QPs3; Succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit D; Succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase cytochrome b small subunit; Succinate-ubiquinone reductase membrane anchor subunitHomo sapiens (human)
Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit beta, mitochondrialIsocitric dehydrogenase subunit beta; NAD(+)-specific ICDH subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
Fumarate hydratase, mitochondrialFumarase; HsFH; EC 4.2.1.2Homo sapiens (human)
Phosphoglycerate mutase 2EC 5.4.2.11; EC 5.4.2.4; BPG-dependent PGAM 2; Muscle-specific phosphoglycerate mutase; Phosphoglycerate mutase isozyme M; PGAM-MHomo sapiens (human)
Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit gamma, mitochondrialIsocitric dehydrogenase subunit gamma; NAD(+)-specific ICDH subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)
Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1Brain protein 44-like proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Mitochondrial citrate transport protein Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (41)

CompoundDescription
phosphoric acidconcise etchant is 37% H3PO4
hydronium ion
pyruvic acidAn intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
Orthophosphate
l-lactic acid
succinic acidA water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851)
ammonium hydroxideThe hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.
Carbon DioxideA colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.
glutamic acidA non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
NADH
1,5-dihydro-fadchromophore component of E coli DNA photolyase
coenzyme q10Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins
GlucoseA primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.
Adenosine TriphosphateAn adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
glutamineA non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.
adenosine diphosphateAdenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.
flavin-adenine dinucleotideA condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)
hydrogen carbonate
WaterA clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Coenzyme A
phosphoenolpyruvateA monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.
isocitric acidRN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd
erythrose 4-phosphateRN given refers to (R-(R*,R*))-isomer
xylulose-5-phosphate, (d)-isomer
2-phosphoglycerate, (R)-isomer
6-phosphonoglucono-delta-lactone
alpha-ketoglutaric acid
ubiquinol-10reduced form of coenzyme Q10
NADA coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Glucose-6-PhosphateAn ester of glucose with phosphoric acid, made in the course of glucose metabolism by mammalian and other cells. It is a normal constituent of resting muscle and probably is in constant equilibrium with fructose-6-phosphate. (Stedman, 26th ed)
dihydroxyacetone phosphateAn important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis.
glycerate 1,3-biphosphate
fructose-6-phosphateRN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation
3-phosphoglycerate
Glyceraldehyde 3-PhosphateAn aldotriose which is an important intermediate in glycolysis and in tryptophan biosynthesis.
oxaloacetic acidA dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.
malic acid
ribulose 5-phosphateRN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation
acetyl coenzyme aAcetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.
creolinfrom refined coal tar oils
6-phosphogluconic acid
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