Compounds > miocamycin
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miocamycin

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Description

Miocamycin: A macrolide antibiotic that has a wide antimicrobial spectrum and is particularly effective in respiratory and genital infections. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID5282188
CHEMBL ID1091024
SCHEMBL ID139293
MeSH IDM0023981

Synonyms (33)

Synonym
midecamycin acetate
1532-rb
miocamen
macroral
mosil
MOM ,
miokamycin
9,3''-diacetylmidecamycin
acecamycin
leucomycin v, 3(sup b),9-diacetate 3,4(sup b)-dipropanoate
9,3''-di-o-acetylmidecamycin
3'',9-diacetylmydecamycin
leucomycin v, 3b,9-diacetate 3,4b-dipropanoate
einecs 259-879-6
ponsinomycin
midecamycin acetate (jp17)
miocamycin (tn)
miocamycin
D01636
midecamycin diacetate
CHEMBL1091024
[(4r,5s,6s,7r,9r,10r,11e,13e,16r)-10-acetyloxy-6-[(2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-5-[(2s,4r,5s,6s)-4-acetyloxy-4,6-dimethyl-5-propanoyloxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5-methoxy-9,16-dimethyl-2-oxo-7-(2-oxoethyl)-1-oxacyclohexadeca-11,1
3t48cps7u2 ,
unii-3t48cps7u2
midecamycin acetate [jan]
miocamycin [mi]
midecamycin acetate [who-dd]
SCHEMBL139293
leucomycinv,3b,9-diacetate3,4b-dipropanoate
midecamycin acetate, antibiotic for culture media use only
W-105540
DTXSID60905087
Q3858659

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" It is concluded that the maximum non-toxic dosage level of MOM, non-crystalline solid, was 1,000 mg/kg/day but without specific toxic effects with rats when it was orally administered once daily for 5 weeks."( Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miokamycin). Part II-1. Subacute toxicity in rats.
Ishiwatari, N; Kawaoto, H; Koeda, T; Niizato, T; Odaki, M; Sasaki, H; Takeda, U; Watanabe, H; Yokota, M, 1984)		0.27
" It is concluded that no toxic effects of MOM, non-crystalline solid, were shown in the present studies."( Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miokamycin). Part III-2. Chronic toxicity in beagle dogs: 13-week-treatment in male dogs.
Kawaoto, H; Kumagai, K; Niizato, T; Odaki, M; Sasaki, H; Sugiyama, N; Suzuki, H; Suzuki, M; Takeda, U; Yokota, M, 1984)		0.27
" It is concluded that MOM, non-crystalline solid, did not show any toxic effects in this study and the maximum non-toxic dose is presumed to be 400 mg/kg or more in female Beagle dogs administered once daily for 26 weeks."( Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miokamycin). Part III-3. Chronic toxicity in beagle dogs: 26-week-treatment in female dogs.
Kawaoto, H; Kumagai, K; Niizato, T; Odaki, M; Sasaki, H; Sugiyama, N; Suzuki, H; Suzuki, M; Takeda, U; Yokota, M, 1984)		0.27
" It is concluded that MOM, non-crystalline solid, did not show any toxic effects in this chronic toxicity study."( Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miokamycin). Part III-4. Chronic toxicity in beagle dogs: 26-week-treatment in male dogs.
Kawaoto, H; Kumagai, K; Niizato, T; Odaki, M; Sasaki, H; Sugiyama, N; Suzuki, H; Suzuki, M; Takeda, U; Yokota, M, 1984)		0.27
" It is, therefore, concluded that Mb2 exerted no toxic effects in this subacute toxicity."( Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miocamycin). Part IV-6. Toxicity of metabolites of miocamycin: subacute toxicity of Mb2 in rats.
Hayasaka, H; Ishiwatari, N; Kawaoto, H; Koeda, T; Niizato, T; Odaki, M; Sasaki, H; Takeda, U; Watanabe, H; Yokota, M, 1984)		0.27
" In the present studies, we evaluated acute toxicity and estimated LD50 values of Mb6, one of the main metabolites of MOM, in male and female mice after single oral administration."( Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miocamycin). Part IV-7. Toxicity of metabolites of miocamycin: acute toxicity of Mb6 in mice.
Itoh, T; Kawaoto, H; Koeda, T; Odaki, M; Sasaki, H; Takeda, U; Yokota, M, 1984)		0.27
" In the previous studies, we estimated LD50 values of Mb6 in male and female mice after single oral administration."( Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miocamycin). Part IV-8. Toxicity of metabolites of miocamycin: acute toxicity of Mb6 in rats.
Ishiwatari, N; Kawaoto, H; Koeda, T; Odaki, M; Sasaki, H; Takeda, U; Watanabe, H; Yokota, M, 1984)		0.27
" It is also known that LD50 values of Mb6 were 4,150 mg/kg in male mice and 4,000 mg/kg in female mice but LD0 values in male and female rats were estimated more than 5,000 mg/kg."( Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miocamycin). Part IV-9. Toxicity of metabolites of miocamycin: subacute toxicity of Mb6 in rats.
Hayasaka, H; Ishiwatari, N; Kawaoto, H; Koeda, T; Niizato, T; Odaki, M; Sasaki, H; Takeda, U; Watanabe, H; Yokota, M, 1984)		0.27
"We evaluated acute toxicity and estimated LD50 values of Mb12, one of the main metabolites of MOM, in male and female mice after single oral administration."( Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miocamycin). Part IV-10. Toxicity of metabolites of miocamycin: acute toxicity of Mb12 in mice.
Itoh, T; Kawaoto, H; Koeda, T; Odaki, M; Sasaki, H; Takeda, U; Yokota, M, 1984)		0.27
" In the previous studies, LD50 values of Mb12 were 5,750 mg/kg in male mice and 4,950 mg/kg in female mice, respectively."( Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miocamycin). Part IV-11. Toxicity of metabolites of miocamycin: acute toxicity of Mb12 in rats.
Ishiwatari, N; Kawaoto, H; Koeda, T; Odaki, M; Sasaki, H; Takeda, U; Watanabe, H; Yokota, M, 1984)		0.27
" It is concluded that no manifest toxic effects were caused by Mb12 even at the highest dosage level of 1,000 mg/kg/day for 5 weeks to male and female rats."( Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miocamycin). Part IV-12. Toxicity of metabolites of miocamycin: subacute toxicity of Mb12 in rats.
Hayasaka, H; Ishiwatari, N; Kawaoto, H; Koeda, T; Niizato, T; Odaki, M; Sasaki, H; Takeda, U; Watanabe, H; Yokota, M, 1984)		0.27
" The objective of this study was to determine the LD50 values in infant (5-day-old) and young adult (5-week-old) male and female mice after single subcutaneous and oral administration of MOM, non-crystalline solid and to estimate the toxicity ratio of those LD50 values."( Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miocamycin). Part VI-1. Acute toxicity in infant mice in comparison with young adult mice.
Hata, T; Itoh, T; Moriguchi, M; Odaki, M; Shindo, Y; Takeda, U; Yokota, M; Yoshida, C, 1984)		0.27
"In the present acute toxicity studies on MOM, non-crystalline solid, with infant male and female rats (5-day-old) and young adult male and female rats (5-week-old), it is confirmed as follows: LD50 values were estimated more than 5,000 mg/kg in both cases of subcutaneous and oral administrations."( Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miocamycin). Part VI-2. Acute toxicity in infant rats in comparison with young adult rats.
Hata, T; Ishii, H; Ishiwatari, N; Moriguchi, M; Odaki, M; Shindo, Y; Takeda, U; Watanabe, H; Yamamoto, Y; Yokota, M, 1984)		0.27
"Although it is well known that a variety of antibacterials may incidentally cause malignant arrhythmia, the list of drugs causing arrhythmia and the impact of these adverse effects are still uncertain."( Generating signals of drug-adverse effects from prescription databases and application to the risk of arrhythmia associated with antibacterials.
Bagnardi, V; Botteri, E; Carobbio, A; Corrao, G; Falcone, C; Leoni, O; Zambon, A, 2005)		0.33

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Rokitamycin was absorbed quickly with Tmax for all doses around 30 min after drug intake."( Pharmacokinetics of rokitamycin after single administration to healthy volunteers.
Benvenuti, C; Bottà, V; Broggini, M; Congedo, M; Fonio, W; Parini, J, )		0.13
" This pharmacokinetic interaction is likely to have clinical consequences and administration of ponsinomycin should be avoided in patients treated orally with DHE."( Effect of ponsinomycin on the pharmacokinetics of dihydroergotamine administered orally.
Couet, W; Fourtillan, JB; Mathieu, HP, 1991)		0.28
" Medifoxamine was well tolerated and exhibited a first order linear pharmacokinetic profile."( Medifoxamine: oral tolerance and pharmacokinetic study in healthy human volunteers.
Johnston, A; Saleh, S; Turner, P, 1990)		0.28
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline, calculated from its plasma concentration at steady-state, were not affected by the co-treatment."( Lack of effect of ponsinomycin on the plasma pharmacokinetics of theophylline.
Bizouard, J; Couet, W; Fourtillan, JB; Girault, J; Ingrand, I; Reigner, B, 1989)		0.28
" We measured, using the GA-test, variations in gastric acidities of 43 children with ages between 1 to 14 years, and investigated the relationship between gastric acidities and pharmacokinetic values."( [Microbiological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of rokitamycin dry syrup in the pediatric field].
Aramaki, M; Fujimoto, T; Kawakami, A; Koga, T; Motohiro, T; Oda, K; Sakata, Y; Suzuki, K; Tanaka, K; Yamashita, F, 1988)		0.27
" Pharmacokinetic observations seemed to indicate that RKM achieved higher blood concentrations than older macrolides, but a large individual variation was observed."( [Clinical and pharmacokinetic studies of rokitamycin in children].
Abe, T; Adachi, H; Arimasu, O; Fujii, R; Kakuta, O; Meguro, H; Shinozaki, T; Shiraishi, H; Sugie, N, 1988)		0.27
"Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies were done on the effect of rokitamycin (RKM, TMS-19-Q) in the field of pediatrics."( [Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on a rokitamycin dry syrup in the pediatric field].
Hori, M; Joh, K; Sugita, M; Takahashi, T; Toyonaga, Y; Watanabe, Y, 1988)		0.27
" The pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out by applying a single-compartment kinetic model with zero-order absorption."( Some pharmacokinetic data on miocamycin. I: Serum, urinary and prostatic levels.
Furneri, PM; Garozzo, A; Scalia, G; Tempera, G, 1988)		0.27

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Its relative bioavailability was increased greatly compared with MOM dry syrup produced in Japan."( [Development and pharmacokinetic study of miocamycin sustained-release tablet remaining--floating in stomach].
Diao, Y; Tu, XD, 1991)		0.28
" These data are consistent with an increase of DHE bioavailability in the presence of ponsinomycin, probably related to a reduction of its first-pass elimination."( Effect of ponsinomycin on the pharmacokinetics of dihydroergotamine administered orally.
Couet, W; Fourtillan, JB; Mathieu, HP, 1991)		0.28
" The influence of food on ponsinomycin bioavailability has therefore been estimated from measurements of Mb12 plasma levels."( [Influence of food intake on the bioavailability of ponsinomycin administered in a syrup form].
Bizouard, J; Couet, W; Fourtillan, JB; Girault, J; Ingrand, I; Reigner, B, 1989)		0.28
"The absorption and excretion of rokitamycin (RKM) in dry syrup form for children were studied following oral administration to fasted healthy volunteers with high gastric acidity as a suitable model to estimate bioavailability of RKM in children."( [Studies on absorption and excretion of rokitamycin dry syrup in healthy volunteers].
Endo, S; Ishioka, T; Morishita, M; Ohta, K; Sakai, A; Suzuki, T; Yasuda, N, 1988)		0.27
" After pre-administration of erythromycin the relative bioavailability of nifedipine after oral administration was increased compared with injection into the peritoneal cavity."( Inhibition of nifedipine metabolism in dogs by erythromycin: difference between the gut wall and the liver.
Arimori, K; Nakamura, K; Nakano, M; Tsuruta, S, 1997)		0.3

Dosage Studied

Dirithromycin was administered orally at a dosage of 500 mg once daily and miocamycin was. administered orally twice daily. The duration of therapy was five to seven days for both drugs. At the 12th hour miocamicin could still be dosed in 3 tissue samples, with values between 0 and 1.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Daily dosage of 600 mg of rokitamycin was administered orally in three divided doses for 5 days."( [A clinical experience of rokitamycin on Campylobacter enteritis. Research Group of Rokitamycin on Infectious Enteritis].
Irimajiri, S; Nakamura, Y; Nitta, Y; Ota, S; Sagara, H; Sato, J; Seo, T; Takizawa, Y; Tomizawa, I; Tsunoda, T, 1991)		0.28
" The disposition of its 3 major metabolites (Mb12, Mb6 and Mb9a), was investigated following multiple dosing with ponsinomycin at a dose of 800 mg every 12 h, for 8 days, in healthy volunteers."( [Pharmacokinetics of ponsinomycine with repeated ingestion in healthy volunteers].
Bizouard, J; Couet, W; Fourtillan, JB; Girault, J; Ingrand, I; Istin, B; Reigner, BG, )		0.13
" Following oral dosing in human, unchanged ponsinomycin is not found in blood, but 3 main metabolites: Mb12, Mb6 and Mb9a can be assayed."( [Pharmacokinetics of ponsinomycin administered in a syrup form in single 400-800 and 1200 mg doses in healthy volunteers].
Bizouard, J; Couet, W; Fourtillan, JB; Girault, J; Ingrand, I; Reigner, B, 1989)		0.28
" Therefore, a dosage adjustment of miocamycin is recommended when dealing with these patients."( Pharmacokinetics of miocamycin in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Miglioli, PA; Okolicsanyi, L; Orlando, R; Palatini, P; Pivetta, P; Varotto, A, 1989)		0.28
" In higher dosage groups (180 and 360 mg/kg), vomiting, salivation and reduction of body weight gain with decrease in food intake were observed."( [Chronic toxicity and recovery tests of rokitamycin in beagle dogs].
Nagata, R; Nagata, T; Onishi, M; Sato, M, 1987)		0.27
" Results of urinalysis, hematological analysis and biochemical analysis of serum and organ weights were normal except that a dose-dependent hypertrophy of caecum was observed in all dosage groups."( [Comparative toxicity study of rokitamycin and josamycin in rats].
Endo, H; Hayano, K; Matsumoto, K; Miura, M; Morino, T; Shiraiwa, K, 1987)		0.27
" The study was made by the double-blind controlled trial at the dosage of daily 600 mg in TMS group and 1,200 mg in MDM group."( [Clinical evaluation of the TMS-19-Q.GC tablet on superficial suppurative disease. A comparative double blind study with midecamycin].
Fujita, K; Kukita, A; Miura, Y; Nonami, E; Shigeno, Y; Shishiba, T; Tagami, H; Tanita, Y; Tsukinaga, I; Watanabe, S, 1985)		0.27
"GC tablet (TMS) with josamycin tablet (JM) in acute tonsillitis, the double blind trial was carried out with the daily dosage of 200 mg X 3 in TMS and 400 mg X 3 in JM."( [Clinical evaluation of the TMS-19-Q.GC tablet in acute tonsillitis. A comparative double blind study with josamycin].
Baba, S; Fujimaki, Y; Kawabata, I; Kawamura, S; Kinoshita, H; Mori, Y; Nomura, Y; Sanbe, B; Sugita, R; Ueda, R, 1985)		0.27
"GC tablet (TMS), a new macrolide antibiotic preparation, were compared with those of josamycin (JM) in the treatment of acute odontogenic infection under multicentered double-blind controlled study at the daily dosage of 600 mg of TMS or 1,200 mg of JM."( [Clinical evaluation of the TMS-19-Q.GC tablet in odontogenic infections. A comparative double-blind study with josamycin].
Abe, H; Ikeshima, K; Kaneko, A; Mishina, M; Morihana, K; Ohmura, H; Sasaki, J; Sesimo, Y; Takai, H; Yamada, Y, 1985)		0.27
" The objective of this study was to determine the subacute toxicity in male and female rats (Wistar, SPF, 5-week-old) after repeated oral administration of MOM, non-crystalline solid, for 5 weeks at selected dosage levels of 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 mg/kg/day."( Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miokamycin). Part II-1. Subacute toxicity in rats.
Ishiwatari, N; Kawaoto, H; Koeda, T; Niizato, T; Odaki, M; Sasaki, H; Takeda, U; Watanabe, H; Yokota, M, 1984)		0.27
" The lowest dosage level of 62."( Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miokamycin). Part III-1. Chronic toxicity in rats.
Ishiwatari, N; Itoh, T; Kawaoto, H; Koeda, T; Niizato, T; Odaki, M; Sasaki, H; Takeda, U; Watanabe, H; Yokota, M, 1984)		0.27
" administration of MOM, non-crystalline solid, for 13 weeks at daily dosage of 200 and 400 mg/kg."( Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miokamycin). Part III-2. Chronic toxicity in beagle dogs: 13-week-treatment in male dogs.
Kawaoto, H; Kumagai, K; Niizato, T; Odaki, M; Sasaki, H; Sugiyama, N; Suzuki, H; Suzuki, M; Takeda, U; Yokota, M, 1984)		0.27
" dosage of 200, 400, 800 and 1,200 mg/kg/day."( Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miokamycin). Part III-4. Chronic toxicity in beagle dogs: 26-week-treatment in male dogs.
Kawaoto, H; Kumagai, K; Niizato, T; Odaki, M; Sasaki, H; Sugiyama, N; Suzuki, H; Suzuki, M; Takeda, U; Yokota, M, 1984)		0.27
" administration of Mb1 for 5 weeks at a daily dosage of 125, 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg."( Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miocamycin). Part IV-3. Toxicity of metabolites of miocamycin: subacute toxicity of Mb1 in rats.
Hayasaka, H; Ishiwatari, N; Kawaoto, H; Koeda, T; Niizato, T; Odaki, M; Sasaki, H; Takeda, U; Watanabe, H; Yokota, M, 1984)		0.27
" administration of Mb2 for 5 weeks at a daily dosage of 125, 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg."( Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miocamycin). Part IV-6. Toxicity of metabolites of miocamycin: subacute toxicity of Mb2 in rats.
Hayasaka, H; Ishiwatari, N; Kawaoto, H; Koeda, T; Niizato, T; Odaki, M; Sasaki, H; Takeda, U; Watanabe, H; Yokota, M, 1984)		0.27
" The object of this study was to examine subacute toxicological effects in male and female rats after repeated oral administration of Mb6 for 5 weeks at a daily dosage of 125, 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg."( Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miocamycin). Part IV-9. Toxicity of metabolites of miocamycin: subacute toxicity of Mb6 in rats.
Hayasaka, H; Ishiwatari, N; Kawaoto, H; Koeda, T; Niizato, T; Odaki, M; Sasaki, H; Takeda, U; Watanabe, H; Yokota, M, 1984)		0.27
" The object of this study was to evaluate subacute toxicity in male and female rats after repeated oral administration of Mb12 for 5 weeks at a daily dosage of 125, 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg."( Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miocamycin). Part IV-12. Toxicity of metabolites of miocamycin: subacute toxicity of Mb12 in rats.
Hayasaka, H; Ishiwatari, N; Kawaoto, H; Koeda, T; Niizato, T; Odaki, M; Sasaki, H; Takeda, U; Watanabe, H; Yokota, M, 1984)		0.27
" 2) The MOM dry syrup was orally administered to 4 pneumonia patients (including 2 cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia) for 7 days at a daily dosage of 15."( [Experience with the use of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin dry syrup in pediatrics].
Haruta, T; Kobayashi, Y; Kuroki, S; Ohkura, K, 1982)		0.26
" Dirithromycin was administered orally at a dosage of 500 mg once daily and miocamycin was administered orally at a dosage of 600 mg twice daily; the duration of therapy was five to seven days for both drugs."( Clinical efficacy of dirithromycin versus miocamycin in the treatment of acute bronchitis or acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.
Pozzi, E, 1993)		0.29
" The tolerance of rokitamycine (RKM), a new macrolide with a wide activity spectrum in 133 antibiotic-intolerant patients has been studied by open oral challenge with incremental dosage until a cumulative dose of 406 mg."( [Rokitamycin tolerance in patients with adverse reactions to chemotherapeutic agents].
Berteramo, R; Cenci, L; Ferrannini, A; Nettis, E, 1996)		0.29
" The experiments were of randomized cross-over design with a two-week wash-out period between dosing regimens."( Inhibition of nifedipine metabolism in dogs by erythromycin: difference between the gut wall and the liver.
Arimori, K; Nakamura, K; Nakano, M; Tsuruta, S, 1997)		0.3
" A controlled clinical study is carried out, in parallel groups, whose aim was to assess the therapeutic action and safety of two dosage schemes of rokitamycin, in the short term treatment (5 days) of acute infective processes of odontostomatological origin."( [Rokitamycin in odontostomatology. Controlled study of doses].
Carbone, V; Fornaseri, C; Giangrandi, D; Giordano, M; Mortellaro, C, 1997)		0.3
"The results of the study show that treatment with rokitamycin in the short term, at the usual dosage of 800 mg/day, is a valid therapeutic scheme in infective processes in odontostomatology."( [Rokitamycin in odontostomatology. Controlled study of doses].
Carbone, V; Fornaseri, C; Giangrandi, D; Giordano, M; Mortellaro, C, 1997)		0.3
" The simplicity, expeditiousness and robustness of the proposed method make it an effective tool for determining both total and crystalline miokamycin in solid dosage forms."( Polymorphic analysis of a pharmaceutical preparation by NIR spectroscopy.
Blanco, M; Villar, A, 2000)		0.31
" Its simplicity and expeditiousness make it highly suitable for quality control analyses of solid dosage forms."( Development and validation of a method for the polymorphic analysis of pharmaceutical preparations using near infrared spectroscopy.
Blanco, M; Villar, A, 2003)		0.32
" They also indicated that, as the PAEs of rokitamycin on the M phenotype and inducible resistant strains were comparable with those on susceptible strains, no re-evaluation of therapeutic dosing regimens was required."( The post-antibiotic effects of rokitamycin (a 16-membered ring macrolide) on susceptible and erythromycin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pyogenes.
Braga, PC; Culici, M; Dal Sasso, M, 2004)		0.32
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (54)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID381660Antibacterial activity against ermA-constitutive resistant Staphylococcus aureus after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
Novel 16-membered macrolides modified at C-12 and C-13 positions of midecamycin A1 and miokamycin. Part 1: Synthesis and evaluation of 12,13-carbamate and 12-arylalkylamino-13-hydroxy analogues.
AID388802Antimicrobial activity against drug-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus 2 after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
AID388994Antimicrobial activity against drug-susceptible Streptococcus pyogenes 1 after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
AID475094Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae 6 expressing constitutive ermB methylase and mefA after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 18, Issue:7
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. III. Azalides modified at the C-15 and 4'' positions: Improved antibacterial activities.
AID388998Antimicrobial activity against drug-susceptible Moraxella catarrhalis 2 after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
AID388992Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae 9 expressing mefA after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
AID475093Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae 5 expressing constitutive ermB methylase after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 18, Issue:7
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. III. Azalides modified at the C-15 and 4'' positions: Improved antibacterial activities.
AID381672Antibacterial activity against susceptible Haemophilus influenzae after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
Novel 16-membered macrolides modified at C-12 and C-13 positions of midecamycin A1 and miokamycin. Part 1: Synthesis and evaluation of 12,13-carbamate and 12-arylalkylamino-13-hydroxy analogues.
AID388996Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes 3 expressing mefA after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
AID475099Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae 11 expressing mefA efflux pump after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 18, Issue:7
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. III. Azalides modified at the C-15 and 4'' positions: Improved antibacterial activities.
AID475105Antibacterial activity against Haemophilus influenzae 3 after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 18, Issue:7
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. III. Azalides modified at the C-15 and 4'' positions: Improved antibacterial activities.
AID475098Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae 10 expressing mefA efflux pump after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 18, Issue:7
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. III. Azalides modified at the C-15 and 4'' positions: Improved antibacterial activities.
AID388997Antimicrobial activity against drug-susceptible Moraxella catarrhalis 1 after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
AID475091Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 209P JC1 after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 18, Issue:7
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. III. Azalides modified at the C-15 and 4'' positions: Improved antibacterial activities.
AID381669Antibacterial activity against mefE efflux-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
Novel 16-membered macrolides modified at C-12 and C-13 positions of midecamycin A1 and miokamycin. Part 1: Synthesis and evaluation of 12,13-carbamate and 12-arylalkylamino-13-hydroxy analogues.
AID388801Antimicrobial activity against drug-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus 209P JC-1 after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
AID381663Antibacterial activity against susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
Novel 16-membered macrolides modified at C-12 and C-13 positions of midecamycin A1 and miokamycin. Part 1: Synthesis and evaluation of 12,13-carbamate and 12-arylalkylamino-13-hydroxy analogues.
AID388808Antimicrobial activity against drug-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae 2 after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
AID475092Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae DP1 type 1 after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 18, Issue:7
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. III. Azalides modified at the C-15 and 4'' positions: Improved antibacterial activities.
AID388995Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes 2 constitutively expressing ermB after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
AID381661Antibacterial activity against ermB-inducible resistant Staphylococcus aureus after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
Novel 16-membered macrolides modified at C-12 and C-13 positions of midecamycin A1 and miokamycin. Part 1: Synthesis and evaluation of 12,13-carbamate and 12-arylalkylamino-13-hydroxy analogues.
AID388811Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae 5 constitutively expressing ermB/mefA after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
AID475097Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae 9 expressing inducible ermB methylase after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 18, Issue:7
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. III. Azalides modified at the C-15 and 4'' positions: Improved antibacterial activities.
AID475103Antibacterial activity against Haemophilus influenzae 1 after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 18, Issue:7
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. III. Azalides modified at the C-15 and 4'' positions: Improved antibacterial activities.
AID475102Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes 3 expressing mefA efflux pump after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 18, Issue:7
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. III. Azalides modified at the C-15 and 4'' positions: Improved antibacterial activities.
AID381665Antibacterial activity against ermB-inducible resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
Novel 16-membered macrolides modified at C-12 and C-13 positions of midecamycin A1 and miokamycin. Part 1: Synthesis and evaluation of 12,13-carbamate and 12-arylalkylamino-13-hydroxy analogues.
AID475096Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae 8 expressing inducible ermB methylase after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 18, Issue:7
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. III. Azalides modified at the C-15 and 4'' positions: Improved antibacterial activities.
AID389000Antimicrobial activity against drug-susceptible Haemophilus influenzae 2 after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
AID381670Antibacterial activity against standard Moraxella catarrhalis after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
Novel 16-membered macrolides modified at C-12 and C-13 positions of midecamycin A1 and miokamycin. Part 1: Synthesis and evaluation of 12,13-carbamate and 12-arylalkylamino-13-hydroxy analogues.
AID381658Antibacterial activity against standard Staphylococcus aureus after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
Novel 16-membered macrolides modified at C-12 and C-13 positions of midecamycin A1 and miokamycin. Part 1: Synthesis and evaluation of 12,13-carbamate and 12-arylalkylamino-13-hydroxy analogues.
AID475095Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae 7 expressing constitutive ermB methylase after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 18, Issue:7
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. III. Azalides modified at the C-15 and 4'' positions: Improved antibacterial activities.
AID381664Antibacterial activity against ermB-constitutive resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
Novel 16-membered macrolides modified at C-12 and C-13 positions of midecamycin A1 and miokamycin. Part 1: Synthesis and evaluation of 12,13-carbamate and 12-arylalkylamino-13-hydroxy analogues.
AID381659Antibacterial activity against susceptible Staphylococcus aureus after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
Novel 16-membered macrolides modified at C-12 and C-13 positions of midecamycin A1 and miokamycin. Part 1: Synthesis and evaluation of 12,13-carbamate and 12-arylalkylamino-13-hydroxy analogues.
AID475101Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes 2 expressing constitutive ermB methylase after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 18, Issue:7
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. III. Azalides modified at the C-15 and 4'' positions: Improved antibacterial activities.
AID381671Antibacterial activity against standard Haemophilus influenzae after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
Novel 16-membered macrolides modified at C-12 and C-13 positions of midecamycin A1 and miokamycin. Part 1: Synthesis and evaluation of 12,13-carbamate and 12-arylalkylamino-13-hydroxy analogues.
AID388805Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 5 expressing inducible ermB after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
AID388813Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae 7 expressing inducible ermB after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
AID475104Antibacterial activity against Haemophilus influenzae 2 after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 18, Issue:7
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. III. Azalides modified at the C-15 and 4'' positions: Improved antibacterial activities.
AID388803Antimicrobial activity against drug-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus 3 after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
AID381666Antibacterial activity against mefE efflux-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
Novel 16-membered macrolides modified at C-12 and C-13 positions of midecamycin A1 and miokamycin. Part 1: Synthesis and evaluation of 12,13-carbamate and 12-arylalkylamino-13-hydroxy analogues.
AID381667Antibacterial activity against standard Streptococcus pyogenes after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
Novel 16-membered macrolides modified at C-12 and C-13 positions of midecamycin A1 and miokamycin. Part 1: Synthesis and evaluation of 12,13-carbamate and 12-arylalkylamino-13-hydroxy analogues.
AID388999Antimicrobial activity against drug-susceptible Haemophilus influenzae 1 after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
AID388991Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae 8 expressing inducible ermB after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
AID388812Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae 6 constitutively expressing ermB after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
AID388804Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 4 constitutively expressing ermA after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
AID388806Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 6 expressing inducible ermB after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
AID381662Antibacterial activity against ermC-inducible resistant Staphylococcus aureus after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
Novel 16-membered macrolides modified at C-12 and C-13 positions of midecamycin A1 and miokamycin. Part 1: Synthesis and evaluation of 12,13-carbamate and 12-arylalkylamino-13-hydroxy analogues.
AID475100Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes Cook after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 18, Issue:7
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. III. Azalides modified at the C-15 and 4'' positions: Improved antibacterial activities.
AID389001Antimicrobial activity against drug-susceptible Haemophilus influenzae 3 after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
AID388807Antimicrobial activity against drug-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae DP1 Type1 after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
AID475338Metabolic stability at human liver S9 fraction assessed as compound remaining after 1 hr2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 18, Issue:7
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. III. Azalides modified at the C-15 and 4'' positions: Improved antibacterial activities.
AID389002Antimicrobial activity against drug-susceptible Haemophilus influenzae 4 after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
AID381668Antibacterial activity against ermB-constitutive resistant Streptococcus pyogenes after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
Novel 16-membered macrolides modified at C-12 and C-13 positions of midecamycin A1 and miokamycin. Part 1: Synthesis and evaluation of 12,13-carbamate and 12-arylalkylamino-13-hydroxy analogues.
AID388993Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae 10 expressing mefA after 20 hrs by agar dilution method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 16, Issue:23
Novel azalides derived from 16-membered macrolides. Part II: Isolation of the linear 9-formylcarboxylic acid and its sequential macrocyclization with an amino alcohol or an azidoamine.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (261)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-1990152 (58.24)18.7374
1990's71 (27.20)18.2507
2000's33 (12.64)29.6817
2010's4 (1.53)24.3611
2020's1 (0.38)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials33 (11.74%)5.53%
Reviews5 (1.78%)6.00%
Case Studies14 (4.98%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other229 (81.49%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
carbamates
[no description available]		2.0410amino-acid anion
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		3.4711isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
theophylline
[no description available]		3.68100dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.		1.9710dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic
carbamazepine epoxide
carbamazepine epoxide: metabolite of carbamazepine; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide : An epoxide and metabolite of carbamazepine.		1.9710dibenzoazepine;
epoxide;
ureas		allergen;
drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
chlorpheniramine
Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.		210monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidepressant;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		2.0210organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		2.6830aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		1.9810
lomefloxacin
lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.		1.9710fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
photosensitizing agent
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		2.3920C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		2.420C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
norfloxacin
Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.		2.0210fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ofloxacin
Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.		4.77713-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxazinoquinoline
quinone
benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).		2.04101,4-benzoquinonescofactor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		1.9710isoxazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
epitope;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
gatifloxacin
Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.		2.0110N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tosufloxacin
tosufloxacin: quinolone anti-infective agent; structure given in first source. tosufloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tosufloxacin.. 7-(3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively.		1.98101,8-naphthyridine derivative;
amino acid;
aminopyrrolidine;
monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
primary amino compound;
quinolone antibiotic;
tertiary amino compound
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		1.9710aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ici 204,219
zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		2.0110carbamate ester;
indoles;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		anti-asthmatic agent;
leukotriene antagonist
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.3820monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
methicillin
Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.		1.9810penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
aminophylline
Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.		1.9710mixturebronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		2.051011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
dihydroergotamine
Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.		1.9710ergot alkaloid;
semisynthetic derivative		dopamine agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic;
serotonergic agonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
erythromycin stearate
[no description available]		1.9710aminoglycoside
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		8.96544cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
streptomycin
[no description available]		1.9810antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		2.0610glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		2.6830penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
medifoxamine
medifoxamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		1.9710aromatic ether
amikacin
Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.		1.9910alpha-D-glucoside;
amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside;
carboxamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
nephrotoxin
cefotiam
Cefotiam: One of the CEPHALOSPORINS that has a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotiam : A cephalosporin with ({1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-tetrazol-5-yl}sulfanyl)methyl and (2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. A third generation beta-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic, it is active against a broad spectrum of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.		1.9910beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
cefaclor anhydrous
Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		2.3920cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
sparfloxacin
[no description available]		1.9810fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone
cephalosporin c
cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.		2.9140cephalosporinfungal metabolite
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		2.25101,2,3-triazole
flurithromycin
flurithromycin: fluorine derivative of erythromycin. flurithromycin : An erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydrogen attached to the carbon at position 8 (alpha to the ketone carbonyl group) has been replaced by a fluorine. It has been used (generally as the corresponding monoethyl succinate ester) as an antibacterial drug.		1.9810cyclic ketone;
erythromycin derivative;
organofluorine compound;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
clarithromycin
Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.		5.18150macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
xenobiotic
imipenem, anhydrous
Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.		1.9710beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carbapenems;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug
beta-lactams
2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.		1.9610beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
beta-lactam
betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate
betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate: may also contain chlorocresol (UD 25:22R)		2.0510
levofloxacin
Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.		2.93409-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination
Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.		2.420
meropenem
Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.		2.0110alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
organic sulfide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
netilmicin
Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.		1.9710
erythromycin ethylsuccinate
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.		3.3611cyclic ketone;
erythromycin derivative;
ethyl ester;
succinate ester
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		3.7100
fosfomycin
Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.		4.2841epoxide;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax
Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.		3.3870macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cyfluthrin
cethromycin: a ketolide;. cethromycin : A macrolide antibiotic which displays in vitro activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is currently under investigation for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have also granted orphan drug designation to cethromycin for the treatment of anthrax prophylaxis, tularemia, and plague (PDB entry: 1NWX).		2.2510
hmr 3647
[no description available]		2.0510
bilirubin
[no description available]		2.3820biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
leukotriene b4
Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.		1.9810dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
leukotriene;
long-chain fatty acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasoconstrictor agent
sf 837
midecamycin: minor descriptor (75-80); on-line search LEUCOMYCINS (75-80); Index Medicus search ANTIBIOTICS (75-80); macrolide antibiotic		6.35153organic molecular entity
rokitamycin
rokitamycin: structure in first source		11.9212815organic molecular entity
cefotaxime
Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.		2.38201,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
streptogramin b
Streptogramin B: A specific streptogramin group B antibiotic produced by Streptomyces graminofaciens and other bacteria.. pristinamycin IA : A cyclodepsipeptide that is (together with pristinamycin IIA) a component of pristinamycin, an oral streptogramin antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pristinaespiralis. Pristinamycin exhibits bactericidal activity against Gram positive organisms including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.		2.2510cyclodepsipeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
cefdinir
Cefdinir: A third-generation oral cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used to treat bacterial infections of the respiratory tract and skin.. cefdinir : A cephalosporin compound having 7beta-2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(Z)-hydroxyimino]-acetylamino- and 3-vinyl side groups.		210
ru 66647
telithromycin: a ketolide; semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin with cycling of the C11-12 positions to form a carbamate ring to avoid acquired resistance to macrolides; binds 70S bacterial rRNA, specifically to the 23S part (23S RIBOSOMAL RNA), preventing protein synthesis;		2.2510
virginiamycin
Virginiamycin: A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry.. virginiamycin : A mixture of cyclic polypeptide streptogramin antibiotics produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. The two major components are virginiamycin M1 (also known as pristinamycin IIA) and virginiamycin S1. Virginiamycin has been widely used as a growth promotion agent in livestock and has been to have bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.		2.6730
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.		2.0510
chitosan
[no description available]		2.4620
quinupristin-dalfopristin
quinupristin-dalfopristin: RP 59500 is a combination of RP 57669 & RP 54476, which are water soluble derivatives of pristinamycin IA & pristinamycin IIB, respectively		1.9810organic molecular entity
cem 101
solithromycin: an antibacterial fluoroketolide; structure in first source		2.2510
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		2.420
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		2.3820
minocycline
Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.		2.6730
acenocoumarol
Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.		1.9710C-nitro compound;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone		anticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		2.3920
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Infections, Helicobacter
[description not available]		03.4711
Helicobacter Infections
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.		03.4711
Acanthamoeba Meningoencephalitis
[description not available]		02.0410
Abscess, Amebic
[description not available]		02.4320
Amebiasis
Infection with any of various amebae. It is an asymptomatic carrier state in most individuals, but diseases ranging from chronic, mild diarrhea to fulminant dysentery may occur.		02.4320
Angioneurotic Edema
[description not available]		03.411
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		03.411
Hives
[description not available]		03.7821
Angioedema
Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.		03.411
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		03.411
Erythema Multiforme
A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.		03.411
Urticaria
A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.		03.7821
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		02.0510
Bullous Dermatoses
[description not available]		02.0510
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		02.0510
Micrometastases, Neoplasm
[description not available]		02.0610
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
[description not available]		02.0610
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		02.0610
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		02.0610
Peritoneal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.		02.0610
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		02.0610
Bacillus anthracis Infection
[description not available]		02.0110
Anthrax
An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics.		02.0110
Group A Strep Infection
[description not available]		06.56144
Streptococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.		06.56144
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.0110
E coli Infections
[description not available]		02.0110
Escherichia coli Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.		02.0110
Sore Throat
[description not available]		06.1594
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).		06.1594
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		02.0210
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		02.0210
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		02.3920
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		02.3920
Urethral Diseases
Pathological processes involving the URETHRA.		02.3720
Urethritis
Inflammation involving the URETHRA. Similar to CYSTITIS, clinical symptoms range from vague discomfort to painful urination (DYSURIA), urethral discharge, or both.		03.840
Chemical Dependence
[description not available]		01.9710
Infections, Chlamydia
[description not available]		06.22131
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		01.9710
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.3720
Chlamydia Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.		06.22131
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		03.2260
Substance-Related Disorders
Disorders related to substance use or abuse.		01.9710
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		04.2741
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
[description not available]		02.3820
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact.		01.9710
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		04.2741
Prostatitis
Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment.		07.3820
Infections, Pseudomonas
[description not available]		02.3620
Pseudomonas Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.		02.3620
Infections, Respiratory
[description not available]		07.78232
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.		07.78232
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		03.75110
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		02.3720
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		02.3720
Blood Clot
[description not available]		01.9610
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		01.9610
Carditis
[description not available]		01.9610
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		01.9610
Myocarditis
Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.		01.9610
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis
[description not available]		01.9610
Cholangitis
Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.		01.9610
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.		01.9610
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		02.3720
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		07.93234
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		114.93234
Bladder Disorder, Neurogenic
[description not available]		01.9610
Centriacinar Emphysema
[description not available]		01.9610
Hypogammaglobulinemia
[description not available]		01.9610
Agammaglobulinemia
An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.		01.9610
Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic
Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES.		01.9610
Bronchiectasis
Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.		02.3720
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.		010.78122
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		05.7783
Mycoplasma dispar Infection
[description not available]		06.1494
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		05.7783
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		06.2485
Tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent.		06.62106
Infectious Skin Diseases
[description not available]		04.4551
Skin Diseases, Infectious
Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.		04.4551
Infections, Staphylococcal
[description not available]		02.6530
Infection, Postoperative Wound
[description not available]		01.9510
Staphylococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		02.6530
Eperythrozoonosis
[description not available]		04.6821
Caries, Dental
[description not available]		01.9810
Dental Pulp Disease
[description not available]		01.9810
Dental Caries
Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.		01.9810
Dental Pulp Diseases
Endodontic diseases of the DENTAL PULP inside the tooth, which is distinguished from PERIAPICAL DISEASES of the tissue surrounding the root.		01.9810
Bacterial Skin Diseases
[description not available]		03.3711
Skin Diseases, Bacterial
Skin diseases caused by bacteria.		03.3711
Donovanosis
[description not available]		01.9910
Granuloma Inguinale
Anogenital ulcers caused by Calymmatobacterium granulomatis as distinguished from lymphogranuloma inguinale (see LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM) caused by CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. Diagnosis is made by demonstration of typical intracellular Donovan bodies in crushed-tissue smears.		01.9910
Bronchiolitis
Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES.		01.9910
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		01.9910
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		01.9910
Mouth Diseases
Diseases involving the MOUTH.		04.6232
Female Genital Diseases
[description not available]		04.6921
Genital Diseases, Female
Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		04.6921
Nasal Catarrh
[description not available]		0210
Rhinitis
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.		0210
Bovine Diseases
[description not available]		0210
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		02.8940
Allergic Angiitis
[description not available]		02.0110
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		07.8940
Churg-Strauss Syndrome
Widespread necrotizing angiitis with granulomas. Pulmonary involvement is frequent. Asthma or other respiratory infection may precede evidence of vasculitis. Eosinophilia and lung involvement differentiate this disease from POLYARTERITIS NODOSA.		02.0110
Middle Ear Effusion
[description not available]		02.6730
Otitis Media with Effusion
Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate.		02.6730
Campylobacter Infection
[description not available]		05.7883
Enteritis
Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.		06.06113
Obstructive Lung Diseases
[description not available]		02.6630
Lung Diseases, Obstructive
Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.		02.6630
Parodontosis
[description not available]		04.0531
Periodontal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.		04.0531
Adenitis
[description not available]		02.3720
Ornithosis
[description not available]		01.9710
Psittacosis
Infection with CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI (formerly Chlamydia psittaci), transmitted to humans by inhalation of dust-borne contaminated nasal secretions or excreta of infected BIRDS. This infection results in a febrile illness characterized by PNEUMONITIS and systemic manifestations.		01.9710
Vaginitis
Inflammation of the vagina characterized by pain and a purulent discharge.		01.9710
Phlegmon
[description not available]		01.9710
Infection
[description not available]		06.9710
Inflammation, Endodontic
[description not available]		01.9710
Cellulitis
An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions.		01.9710
Infections
Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.		06.9710
Pulpitis
Inflammation of the DENTAL PULP, usually due to bacterial infection in dental caries, tooth fracture, or other conditions causing exposure of the pulp to bacterial invasion. Chemical irritants, thermal factors, hyperemic changes, and other factors may also cause pulpitis.		01.9710
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		01.9710
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		06.9710
ENT Diseases
[description not available]		04.2741
Bronchial Pneumonia
[description not available]		02.6630
Bordetella pertussis Infection, Respiratory
[description not available]		01.9710
Scarlet Fever
Infection with group A streptococci that is characterized by tonsillitis and pharyngitis. An erythematous rash is commonly present.		01.9710
Whooping Cough
A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath.		01.9710
Cervix Diseases
[description not available]		01.9710
Glandular Fever
[description not available]		01.9710
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA, including the VOCAL CORDS. Laryngitis is characterized by irritation, edema, and reduced pliability of the mucosa leading to VOICE DISORDERS such as APHONIA and HOARSENESS.		03.7621
Infectious Mononucleosis
A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN). There is an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and other atypical lymphocytes, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally hepatomegaly with hepatitis.		01.9710
Bacterial Conjunctivitides
[description not available]		01.9710
Conjunctivitis, Bacterial
Purulent infections of the conjunctiva by several species of gram-negative, gram-positive, or acid-fast organisms. Some of the more commonly found genera causing conjunctival infections are Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, and Chlamydia.		01.9710
Impetigo Contagiosa
[description not available]		01.9710
Ritter Disease
[description not available]		01.9710
Abscess
Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.		01.9710
Impetigo
A common superficial bacterial infection caused by STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS or group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Characteristics include pustular lesions that rupture and discharge a thin, amber-colored fluid that dries and forms a crust. This condition is commonly located on the face, especially about the mouth and nose.		01.9710
Haemophilus Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.		01.9710
Infections, Mycoplasmatales
[description not available]		01.9710
Genital Diseases, Male
Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).		01.9710
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		01.9710
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		06.9710
Pericementitis
[description not available]		03.7621
Teeth, Impacted
[description not available]		01.9710
Periodontitis
Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)		03.7621
Bilirubin Encephalopathy
[description not available]		01.9710
Hyperbilirubinemia, Hereditary
Inborn errors of bilirubin metabolism resulting in excessive amounts of bilirubin in the circulating blood, either because of increased bilirubin production or because of delayed clearance of bilirubin from the blood.		01.9710
Kernicterus
A term used pathologically to describe BILIRUBIN staining of the BASAL GANGLIA; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM and clinically to describe a syndrome associated with HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Clinical features include athetosis, MUSCLE SPASTICITY or hypotonia, impaired vertical gaze, and DEAFNESS. Nonconjugated bilirubin enters the brain and acts as a neurotoxin, often in association with conditions that impair the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (e.g., SEPSIS). This condition occurs primarily in neonates (INFANT, NEWBORN), but may rarely occur in adults. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p613)		01.9710
Pyrexia
[description not available]		01.9710
Cough
A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.		01.9710
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		01.9710
Emergencies
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.		01.9710
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		01.9710
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		01.9710
Primary Peritonitis
[description not available]		01.9710
Peritonitis
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.		01.9710
Sinus Infections
[description not available]		03.7621
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.		03.7621
Sycosis
[description not available]		03.3511
Boils
[description not available]		03.3511
Dermatitis
Any inflammation of the skin.		03.3511
Folliculitis
Inflammation of follicles, primarily hair follicles.		03.3511
Otitis Media, Purulent
[description not available]		03.3511
Otitis Media, Suppurative
Inflammation of the middle ear with purulent discharge.		03.3511
Jaw Diseases
Diseases involving the JAW.		03.3511
Gingivitis
Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.		03.3511
Pus
[description not available]		03.3511