Page last updated: 2024-08-05 15:24:20
Penicillium metabolite
Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Penicillium.
ChEBI ID: 76964
Members (31)
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|---|---|
| 2-methyl-1,4-hydroquinone | A member of the class of hydroquinones that is hydroquinone in which one of the benzene hydrogens has been replaced by a methyl group. | toluquinol |
| 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde | A dihydroxybenzaldehyde carrying hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 5. | 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde |
| 3-methylfuran | A member of the class of furans that is furan in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a methyl group. It is a chemical that is produced in foods during food processing and preservation techniques that involve heat treatment such as cooking and pasteurization. | 3-methylfuran |
| 6-methylsalicylic acid | A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen ortho to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by a methyl group. | 6-methylsalicylic acid |
| arisugacin | An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 4a,12a-dihydroxy-4,4,6a,12b-tetramethyl-4a,6,6a,12,12a,12b-hexahydro-4H,11H-benzo[f]pyrano[4,3-b]chromene-1,11(5H)-dione substituted by 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl group at position 9 (the 4aR,6aR,12aS,12bS steroisomer). Isolated from the culture broth of Penicillium, it acts as a selective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. | arisugacin A |
| berkeleydione | A meroterpenoid found in Penicillium rubrum. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against caspase-1. | berkeleydione |
| berkeleytrione | A meroterpenoid found in Penicillium rubrum and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against caspase-1. | berkeleytrione |
| brefeldin a | A metabolite from Penicillium brefeldianum that exhibits a wide range of antibiotic activity. | brefeldin A |
| cathestatin b | A carboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxylic group of oxirane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(4-aminobutyl)-L-tyrosinamide (the 2S,3S stereoisomer). An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Penicillium citrinum, it acts as a potent inhibitor of cysteine protease. | cathestatin B |
| coprogen | An iron(III) hydroxamate isolated from fungi and bacteria including Penicillium species and Neurospora crassa. It is a growth factor for coprophilous fungi. | coprogen |
| emindole SB | emindole SB | |
| estin | An oxaspiro compound that is 3H,4'H-spiro[[1]benzofuran-2,1'-cyclohexa[2,5]diene]-3,4'-dione substituted by methoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, chloro, methyl, methoxy and chloro groups at positions 2', 4, 5, 6, 6' and 7, respectively. It is a fungal metabolite isolated from Aspergillus terreus and Penicillium glabrum. | (+)-geodin |
| gluconic acid | A gluconic acid having D-configuration. | D-gluconic acid |
| griseofulvin | An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment. | griseofulvin |
| hadacidin | A monocarboxylic acid that is N-hydroxyglycine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group. It was originally isolated from cultures of Penicillium frequentans. | hadacidin |
| mevastatin | A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals. | mevastatin |
| mycophenolic acid | A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases. | mycophenolic acid |
| nidulalin a | A member of the class xanthones which consists of a dihydroxanthone skeleton substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 8, a methyl group at position 6 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 4a (the 4R,4aS stereoisomer). It is isolated from Emericella nidulans var lata and Penicillium and exhibits potent antitumour activity against both human and murine tumour cell lines. | nidulalin A |
| ochratoxin a | A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum. | ochratoxin A |
| ochratoxin b | A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid. Ochratoxin B differs from the more naturally abundant ochratoxin A in the absence of the dihydroisocoumarin chlorine atom. It has cytotoxic effects on kidney and liver cells in vitro but only minor effects in vivo, due to its rapid metabolism and excretion. It inhibits cell proliferation of human liver HepG2 cells at doses as low as 1 mug/ ml but lacks the genotoxic activity of ochratoxin A, even at higher concentrations. | ochratoxin B |
| ochratoxin c | A phenylalanine derivative that is the ethyl ester of ochratoxin A. | ochratoxin C |
| patulin | A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic. | patulin |
| paxilline | An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels. | paxilline |
| pf 1163a | A macrolide antibiotic that is 4,10-dimethyl-1-oxa-4-azacyclotridecane-2,5-dione substituted by a 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzyl group at position 3 and a (2R)-2-hydroxypentyl group at position 13 (the 3S,10R,13S stereoisomer). It is isolated from Penicillium sp.PF1163 and exhibits antifungal activity against the pathogenic fungal strain Candida albicans TIMM1768. | PF 1163A |
| pf 1163b | A macrolide antibiotic that is 4,10-dimethyl-1-oxa-4-azacyclotridecane-2,5-dione substituted by a 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzyl group at position 3 and a pentyl group at position 13 (the 3S,10R,13S stereoisomer). It is isolated from Penicillium sp.PF1163 and exhibits antifungal activity against the pathogenic fungal strain Candida albicans TIMM1768. | PF 1163B |
| pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid | A pyrrolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-pyrrole substituted by a carboxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from Penicillium chrysogenum. | pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid |
| sch 642305 | A macrocyclic lactone isolated from the fermentation broth of the fungal culture Penicillium verrucosum and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against bacterial DNA primase enzyme. | sch 642305 |
| topopyrone c | A naphthochromene that is 4H-naphtho[2,3-h]chromene-4,7,12-trione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 9 and 11 and a methyl group at position 2. It is isolated from fungal strains Phoma and Penicillium and acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme topoisomerase I. | topopyrone C |
| verruculogen | An organic heterohexacyclic compound that is a mycotoxic indole alkaloid isolated from Penicillium and Aspergillus species. | verruculogen |
| viridicatin | A hydroxyquinolone that is 3-hydroxyuinolin-2(1H)-one which is substituted at position 4 by a phenyl groups. Isolated from the mycelium of several Penicillium species, it exhibits strong antibiotic activity against M. tuberculosis and also against B. subtilis, S. aureus and S. cerevisiae. | viridicatin |
| wortmannin | wortmannin |
Research
Studies (25,664)
| Timeframe | Studies, Drugs with This Role(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 3,004 (11.71) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 4,114 (16.03) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 9,117 (35.52) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 7,312 (28.49) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2,117 (8.25) | 2.80 |
Study Types
| Publication Type | Studies, Drugs with this Role (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 1,753 (6.45%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 1,959 (7.21%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 1,765 (6.49%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 103 (0.38%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 21,598 (79.47%) | 84.16% |
Protein Targets (223)
Potency Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 29.5680 | 1 | 6 |
| 67.9K protein | Vaccinia virus | Potency | 7.4553 | 2 | 10 |
| acetylcholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 59.1124 | 3 | 4 |
| activating transcription factor 6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 17.8895 | 2 | 3 |
| aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.8309 | 1 | 8 |
| alpha-galactosidase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.7170 | 2 | 2 |
| Alpha-synuclein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.0457 | 1 | 2 |
| AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 20.5001 | 10 | 26 |
| aryl hydrocarbon receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 34.9485 | 3 | 5 |
| ATAD5 protein, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.5880 | 3 | 6 |
| Ataxin-2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.8177 | 1 | 5 |
| ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 33.4474 | 2 | 9 |
| bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 38.3646 | 1 | 3 |
| caspase-3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 38.3646 | 1 | 3 |
| Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 30.0350 | 3 | 11 |
| cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.2663 | 2 | 2 |
| Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.2485 | 1 | 5 |
| Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Beta-lactamase | Escherichia coli K-12 | Potency | 21.5076 | 1 | 3 |
| Chain A, Cruzipain | Trypanosoma cruzi | Potency | 31.6228 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Ferritin light chain | Equus caballus (horse) | Potency | 30.3001 | 1 | 2 |
| Chain A, HADH2 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.8189 | 2 | 5 |
| Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 56.2341 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain B, HADH2 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.8189 | 2 | 5 |
| chromobox protein homolog 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 67.8334 | 1 | 2 |
| cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.2672 | 2 | 6 |
| cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 34.6713 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 30.4455 | 1 | 6 |
| D(1A) dopamine receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 4.1092 | 1 | 1 |
| D(1A) dopamine receptor | Sus scrofa (pig) | Potency | 16.4816 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3F isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 26.6320 | 1 | 2 |
| DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 89.1251 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 18.3163 | 9 | 28 |
| estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.8060 | 1 | 3 |
| estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.1958 | 9 | 28 |
| euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 13.6445 | 1 | 4 |
| farnesoid X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.1230 | 4 | 6 |
| GABA theta subunit | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 15.2672 | 1 | 3 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 15.2672 | 1 | 3 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 15.2672 | 1 | 3 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 15.2672 | 1 | 3 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 15.2672 | 1 | 3 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 15.2672 | 1 | 3 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 15.2672 | 1 | 3 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 15.2672 | 1 | 3 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 15.2672 | 1 | 3 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 15.2672 | 1 | 3 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 15.2672 | 1 | 3 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 15.2672 | 1 | 3 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 15.2672 | 1 | 3 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 15.2672 | 1 | 3 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 15.2672 | 1 | 3 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 15.2672 | 1 | 3 |
| geminin | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 7.4536 | 2 | 14 |
| GLI family zinc finger 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 16.6657 | 3 | 9 |
| glp-1 receptor, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 7.5084 | 1 | 2 |
| GLS protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.5481 | 1 | 1 |
| glucocerebrosidase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1 | 1 |
| glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens] | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 9.5557 | 4 | 7 |
| Glutamate receptor 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 25.3760 | 1 | 3 |
| GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.1838 | 1 | 1 |
| Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.2202 | 1 | 1 |
| heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.0119 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone H2A.x | Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster) | Potency | 19.9124 | 2 | 4 |
| histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| huntingtin isoform 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 16.3114 | 1 | 2 |
| hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 62.3242 | 1 | 1 |
| IDH1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.5044 | 1 | 6 |
| importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.1838 | 1 | 1 |
| Inositol monophosphatase 1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 22.9833 | 1 | 2 |
| Integrin alpha-IIb | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 7.9433 | 1 | 1 |
| Integrin beta-3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 7.9433 | 1 | 1 |
| lamin isoform A-delta10 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.3862 | 2 | 2 |
| lethal factor (plasmid) | Bacillus anthracis str. A2012 | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| Microtubule-associated protein tau | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.2522 | 2 | 5 |
| mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 34.3521 | 2 | 3 |
| neuropeptide S receptor isoform A | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.9244 | 1 | 2 |
| NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0927 | 1 | 3 |
| Nrf2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.3872 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.0182 | 4 | 11 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 7.9478 | 1 | 6 |
| nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 44.6684 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.6822 | 1 | 1 |
| Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.1883 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 10.8750 | 2 | 5 |
| nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 22.9833 | 1 | 2 |
| nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.0825 | 3 | 11 |
| parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 56.2341 | 1 | 1 |
| Parkin | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.3889 | 3 | 3 |
| peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 51.4684 | 1 | 2 |
| peripheral myelin protein 22 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.8909 | 2 | 3 |
| peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 26.6056 | 5 | 11 |
| peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 23.1030 | 3 | 7 |
| phosphopantetheinyl transferase | Bacillus subtilis | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| PINK1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| plasminogen precursor | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 2.1192 | 1 | 5 |
| potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 70.7946 | 1 | 1 |
| pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.1565 | 3 | 4 |
| pregnane X receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 44.6684 | 1 | 1 |
| progesterone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.9048 | 2 | 6 |
| RAR-related orphan receptor gamma | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 13.2662 | 2 | 9 |
| ras-related protein Rab-9A | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0891 | 1 | 2 |
| regulator of G-protein signaling 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 17.7828 | 1 | 1 |
| retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.7101 | 3 | 9 |
| retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 13.9970 | 4 | 10 |
| serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.8750 | 2 | 2 |
| SMAD family member 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 20.7597 | 1 | 3 |
| SMAD family member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 20.7597 | 1 | 3 |
| Smad3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 7.8896 | 4 | 11 |
| snurportin-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.1838 | 1 | 1 |
| Spike glycoprotein | Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | Potency | 8.9125 | 1 | 1 |
| survival motor neuron protein isoform d | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 4.6704 | 2 | 10 |
| TAR DNA-binding protein 43 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.6228 | 1 | 3 |
| TDP1 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 8.4458 | 2 | 29 |
| thioredoxin glutathione reductase | Schistosoma mansoni | Potency | 50.1187 | 1 | 1 |
| thioredoxin reductase | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 56.2341 | 1 | 1 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 16.9902 | 2 | 12 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 23.1509 | 4 | 6 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 21.6407 | 6 | 11 |
| transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.3872 | 1 | 1 |
| tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.1189 | 1 | 1 |
| urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 2.1192 | 1 | 5 |
| urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 2.1192 | 1 | 5 |
| USP1 protein, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.2141 | 2 | 2 |
| v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.0475 | 1 | 1 |
| vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 20.7005 | 3 | 4 |
| vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 44.5009 | 1 | 3 |
| Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 25.3760 | 1 | 3 |
| Vpr | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | Potency | 17.7828 | 1 | 1 |
| WRN | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.1254 | 1 | 1 |
Inhibition Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0483 | 4 | 4 |
| 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 0.1340 | 9 | 9 |
| 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 0.0010 | 1 | 1 |
| Acetylcholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0010 | 4 | 4 |
| Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 133.0000 | 1 | 2 |
| Bile salt export pump | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 18.0667 | 2 | 3 |
| BZLF2 | Human herpesvirus 4 type 2 (Epstein-Barr virus type 2) | IC50 | 2.0300 | 1 | 1 |
| Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 79.0333 | 2 | 3 |
| Cannabinoid receptor 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 7.0500 | 1 | 1 |
| Cannabinoid receptor 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 2.2400 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Inosine-5'-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase 2 | Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster) | Ki | 0.0060 | 1 | 1 |
| Cholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 18.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0010 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA topoisomerase 1 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | IC50 | 172.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA topoisomerase 2 | Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) | IC50 | 2.2000 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.1200 | 2 | 2 |
| G-protein coupled receptor 55 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Genome polyprotein | IC50 | 3.8000 | 1 | 1 | |
| Glutamate receptor 1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 0.0140 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutamate receptor 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 0.0140 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutamate receptor 3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 0.0140 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutamate receptor 4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 0.0140 | 1 | 1 |
| Heme oxygenase 1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 2 |
| Heme oxygenase 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 2 |
| Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase | Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 | IC50 | 0.1200 | 1 | 1 |
| Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3.3977 | 6 | 6 |
| Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.0365 | 8 | 8 |
| Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.1421 | 20 | 20 |
| Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.0084 | 8 | 8 |
| Insulin receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 0.1190 | 1 | 1 |
| Interleukin-1 beta | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 4.4000 | 1 | 1 |
| L-cysteine:1D-myo-inositol 2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside ligase | Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv | IC50 | 2,500.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 50.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| major prion protein preproprotein Prp precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3.5050 | 1 | 1 |
| Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 0.0085 | 2 | 2 |
| Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 98.1000 | 1 | 2 |
| Myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle | Gallus gallus (chicken) | IC50 | 0.2600 | 1 | 1 |
| Myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.3567 | 3 | 3 |
| N-arachidonyl glycine receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.1343 | 1 | 1 |
| Palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUM | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 16,333.5438 | 6 | 9 |
| Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.2800 | 1 | 1 |
| Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.4400 | 1 | 1 |
| Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2-alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 30.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 8,647.2331 | 14 | 17 |
| Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.1200 | 1 | 1 |
| Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 21,000.0423 | 4 | 7 |
| Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 21,000.0399 | 4 | 7 |
| Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 14,705.5394 | 7 | 10 |
| Phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0190 | 1 | 1 |
| Potassium channel subfamily K member 9 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 159.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.1190 | 1 | 1 |
| Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 | Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) | IC50 | 5.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 5.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 5.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0400 | 1 | 1 |
| Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.4433 | 3 | 3 |
| Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 6.8250 | 1 | 4 |
| Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 6.8250 | 1 | 4 |
| Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.1057 | 3 | 3 |
| Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 6.8250 | 1 | 4 |
| Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 6.8250 | 1 | 4 |
| Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 0.0110 | 1 | 1 |
| Solute carrier family 22 member 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 7.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| Solute carrier family 22 member 20 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Ki | 48.9890 | 1 | 2 |
| Solute carrier family 22 member 6 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Ki | 6.2548 | 1 | 2 |
| steroidogenic factor 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 67.6020 | 1 | 1 |
| Sterol O-acyltransferase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 50.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| TPA: protein transporter TIM10 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C | IC50 | 33.5500 | 1 | 1 |
Activation Measurements
Other Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| heat shock protein 90, putative | Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 | AC50 | 0.2150 | 1 | 1 |
| heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | AC50 | 0.3630 | 1 | 1 |
| Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase | Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 | Km | 87.1667 | 6 | 6 |
| PAX8 | Homo sapiens (human) | AC50 | 0.2600 | 1 | 1 |
| Solute carrier family 22 member 11 | Homo sapiens (human) | Km | 22.9000 | 1 | 1 |
| Solute carrier family 22 member 19 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Km | 2.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Solute carrier family 22 member 6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Km | 0.4200 | 1 | 1 |
| Solute carrier family 22 member 6 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Km | 1.3350 | 2 | 2 |
| Solute carrier family 22 member 8 | Homo sapiens (human) | Km | 0.7500 | 1 | 1 |
| Solute carrier family 22 member 8 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Km | 0.7390 | 1 | 1 |
| Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Km | 22.8000 | 2 | 2 |
| Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Km | 11.1000 | 2 | 2 |
| UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Km | 185.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A10 | Homo sapiens (human) | Km | 76.5000 | 1 | 2 |
| UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A7 | Homo sapiens (human) | Km | 30.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8 | Homo sapiens (human) | Km | 298.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 | Homo sapiens (human) | Km | 225.5000 | 2 | 2 |