indazoles profile

Indazoles are a class of heterocyclic aromatic compounds containing a five-membered ring fused to a benzene ring, with a nitrogen atom at position 1 and another nitrogen atom at position 2. They are widely studied for their diverse pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. In research, indazoles are synthesized through various methods, such as the Fischer indole synthesis, the diazotization of o-phenylenediamines, and the reaction of hydrazine with o-haloaryl compounds. Their importance lies in their potential to act as potent inhibitors of various biological targets, including kinases, enzymes, and receptors, making them promising candidates for drug development. The specific effects of indazoles vary depending on the substituents attached to the ring, and studies often focus on understanding the structure-activity relationship and developing novel indazole derivatives with improved therapeutic efficacy and safety profiles.'

Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	9221
CHEMBL ID	86795
CHEBI ID	36670
CHEBI ID	36669
SCHEMBL ID	6295
SCHEMBL ID	3056528
SCHEMBL ID	5383265
SCHEMBL ID	5376627
SCHEMBL ID	5376344
SCHEMBL ID	5379372
SCHEMBL ID	5376678
SCHEMBL ID	17515466
MeSH ID	M0011208

Synonym
nsc-90357
nsc90357
CHEBI:36670
CHEBI:36669 ,
2h-indazole
CHEMBL86795
EN300-44212
BB 0219702
einecs 205-978-4
1,2-diazaindene (van)
nsc 26336
1h-indazol
1h-benzopyrazole
wln: t56 bmnj
2-azaindole
isoindazole
271-44-3
1,2-diazaindene
nsc26336
indazole
nsc-26336
AC-907/25014165
benzopyrazole
inchi=1/c7h6n2/c1-2-4-7-6(3-1)5-8-9-7/h1-5h,(h,8,9
1h-indazole ,
indazole, 98%
lz1 ,
indazole, 5
bdbm24627
indazole, 6
AKOS000271187
azaindole
F1918-0009
1,2-benzodiazole
I0278
1,2-benzopyrazole
AB00376876-02
1h-indazole;indazole
A5299
7c4vqe5c03 ,
indazoles
unii-7c4vqe5c03
2-azoindole
271-42-1
FT-0607899
FT-0627194
STL371246
PS-4750
AM20060873
PB23156
4B2I
indazol
1-h-indazole
SCHEMBL6295
2VTA
1h-indazole [mi]
mfcd00005691
SY001125
SCHEMBL3056528
J-504679
AKOS024124233
SCHEMBL5383265
SCHEMBL5376627
SCHEMBL5376344
SCHEMBL5379372
SCHEMBL5376678
DTXSID4075374
F0918-7060
CS-W008689
SCHEMBL17515466
Z276614452
Q417106
BCP27336
mfcd20483705
D83794
P10014
CS-0166940
HY-40294

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Indazoles are a class of heterocyclic compounds with a bicyclic ring structure composed of a pyrazole ring and a benzene ring. "	( Indazole and its Derivatives in Cardiovascular Diseases: Overview, Current Scenario, and Future Perspectives. Alam, MJ; Banerjee, SK; Kumar, S; Uppulapu, SK, 2022)	2.16
"Indazoles is an important class of heterocyclic compounds possessing a variety of biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, antiinflammatory, anti-depressant and anti-hypertensive."	( Indazole Derivatives: Promising Anti-tumor Agents. He, S; Li, W; Tang, Z; Wan, Y, 2018)	1.2
"Indazoles are an important class of nitrogen heterocycles because of their excellent performance in biologically relevant applications, such as in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. "	( Davis-Beirut Reaction: Diverse Chemistries of Highly Reactive Nitroso Intermediates in Heterocycle Synthesis. Haddadin, MJ; Kurth, MJ; Zhu, JS, 2019)	1.96
"Indazoles is an important class of heterocyclic compounds having a wide range of biological and pharmaceutical applications. "	( Synthesis of indazole motifs and their medicinal importance: an overview. Chapolikar, AD; Devkate, CG; Domb, AJ; Gaikwad, DD; Pawar, RP; Tayade, AP; Warad, KD, 2015)	1.86

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Fewer patients receiving granisetron experienced adverse events (48% vs."	( A single-blind study of the efficacy and safety of intravenous granisetron compared with alizapride plus dexamethasone in the prophylaxis and control of emesis in patients receiving 5-day cytostatic therapy. The Granisetron Study Group. Bremer, K, 1992)	0.28
" No serious or life-threatening adverse reactions have been recorded even over long term treatment periods."	( Toxicity and clinical tolerance of lonidamine. Pedrazzoli, P; Robustelli della Cuna, G, 1991)	0.28
" Only one adverse event, headache, occurred in more than five patients in the granisetron group."	( Efficacy and safety of granisetron compared with high-dose metoclopramide plus dexamethasone in patients receiving high-dose cisplatin in a single-blind study. The Granisetron Study Group. Chevallier, B, 1990)	0.28
" Lower concentrations and shorter term exposures were not toxic to either of these tumor cell lines."	( Cytotoxicity of lonidamine alone and in combination with other drugs against murine RIF-1 and human HT1080 cells in vitro. Hahn, GM; Ning, SC, 1990)	0.28
" AF 1312/TS (1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid) when administered from day 6 to day 15 of pregnancy produced embryolethality with an LD50 of 145 mg/kg."	( The embryotoxicity of a new class of antispermatogenic agents: the 3-indazole-carboxylic acids. Campana, A; De Martino, C; Scorza Barcellona, P; Silvestrini, B, 1982)	0.26
" The overall incidence of adverse experiences was significantly lower in the granisetron group (60."	( The antiemetic efficacy and safety of granisetron compared with metoclopramide plus dexamethasone in patients receiving fractionated chemotherapy over 5 days. The Granisetron Study Group. , 1993)	0.29
" This effect, however, was accompanied by a significant reduction in the striatal levels of MPP+, the toxic metabolite generated via monoamine oxidase B-catalyzed MPTP oxidation."	( Inhibition of monoamine oxidase contributes to the protective effect of 7-nitroindazole against MPTP neurotoxicity. Anderson, A; Castagnoli, K; Castagnoli, N; Di Monte, DA; Langston, JW; Royland, JE, 1997)	0.3
" We conclude that (1) intraperitoneal injections of Tx2-5 induce a toxic syndrome that include penile erection, hypersalivation and death by respiratory distress or pulmonary edema; (2) pretreatment with the non-selective NOS inhibitor L-NAME reduces the penile erection and partially protects from the lethal effects of Tx2-5; (3) pretreatment with the nNOS-selective inhibitor 7-NI completely abolishes all the toxic effects of Tx2-5, including penile erection and death suggesting that nNOS is the major player in this intoxication; (4) toxins from other animals that affect sodium channels in the same way as Tx2-5 and induce similar toxic syndromes may have as a major common target, the activation of nitric oxide synthases."	( Blockade of neuronal nitric oxide synthase abolishes the toxic effects of Tx2-5, a lethal Phoneutria nigriventer spider toxin. Camillo, MA; Troncone, LR; Yonamine, CM, 2004)	0.32
" After providing evidence that the cardiovascular liabilities were not a function of MCHr1 antagonism, continued screening identified the chromone-substituted aminopiperidine amides as a class of MCHr1 antagonists that demonstrated a safe cardiovascular profile at high drug concentrations in both plasma and brain."	( Screening for cardiovascular safety: a structure-activity approach for guiding lead selection of melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 antagonists. Brodjian, S; Campbell, TJ; Collins, CA; Dayton, BD; Freeman, JC; Fryer, RM; Gao, J; Hernandez, L; Iyengar, R; Judd, AS; Kym, PR; Lynch, JK; Marsh, KC; Mulhern, M; Napier, JJ; Polakowski, JS; Preusser, LC; Reilly, RM; Reinhart, GA; Segreti, JA; Sham, HL; Souers, AJ; Vasudevan, A; Wagaw, SH; Wodka, D; Zhao, G, 2006)	0.33
" While this process could occur at the expense of NO production, NO alone does play a toxic role, with its production leading to the formation of the toxicant peroxynitrite."	( Nitric oxide-mediated toxicity in paraquat-exposed SH-SY5Y cells: a protective role of 7-nitroindazole. Bravo-San Pedro, JM; Fuentes, JM; González-Polo, RA; Morán, JM; Niso-Santano, M; Ortiz-Ortiz, MA; Soler, G, 2009)	0.35
" Grade 3 treatment-related adverse events in > or = 5% of patients comprised fatigue (22%), hypertension (9%), and hyponatremia (9%)."	( Efficacy and safety of axitinib in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: results from a phase II study. Bycott, P; Kim, S; Larson, T; Liau, K; Limentani, S; Olszanski, AJ; Ou, SH; Sandler, A; Schiller, JH; Vokes, E; von Pawel, J, 2009)	0.35
" The most common adverse events were diarrhea, fatigue, and hair depigmentation."	( Efficacy and safety of pazopanib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Baker, KL; Crofts, T; Davis, ID; De Souza, PL; Epstein, RJ; Figlin, RA; Hong, BF; Hutson, TE; Machiels, JP; McCann, L; Pandite, L; Rottey, S, 2010)	0.36
" These EGFR-targeted combination nanoparticles were considerably less toxic than solution treatments."	( Therapeutic efficacy and safety of paclitaxel/lonidamine loaded EGFR-targeted nanoparticles for the treatment of multi-drug resistant cancer. Amiji, M; Duan, Z; Milane, L, 2011)	0.37
"While new anticancer angiogenesis inhibitors present a well-tolerated safety profile, they are not without adverse events."	( [Dermatologic side effects induced by new angiogenesis inhibitors]. Chevreau, C; Cottura, E; Garrido-Stowhas, I; Sibaud, V, 2011)	0.37
" This has raised challenges in the management of adverse events (AEs) associated with the six targeted agents approved in RCC-sorafenib, sunitinib, pazopanib, bevacizumab (in combination with interferon alpha), temsirolimus, and everolimus."	( Targeted therapies for renal cell carcinoma: review of adverse event management strategies. Eisen, T; Escudier, B; Izzedine, H; Mulders, P; Pyle, L; Robert, C; Sternberg, CN; Zbinden, S, 2012)	0.38
" Their baseline characteristics, radiologic response, adverse events, and survival status were assessed."	( Efficacy and safety of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and poor risk features. Ahn, H; Ahn, JH; Ahn, S; Ahn, Y; Hong, JH; Kim, CS; Kim, TW; Lee, JL; Park, I; Park, K; Park, S; Song, C, 2012)	0.38
" Adverse events (AEs) were assessed per common terminology criteria for adverse events v3."	( An open-label, phase 1 study evaluating safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of linifanib (ABT-869) in Japanese patients with solid tumors. Ansell, PJ; Asahina, H; Carlson, DM; Chiu, YL; Coates, A; Goto, Y; Li, X; McKee, MD; McKeegan, EM; Nokihara, H; Pradhan, R; Seki, Y; Shibata, T; Tamura, T; Tamura, Y; Tanioka, M; Yamada, Y; Yamamoto, N, 2012)	0.38
" The primary endpoint was to determine the tolerability and safety of topical pazopanib in the treatment of CNV defined by the occurrence of ocular and systemic adverse events during the study."	( Safety and efficacy of the multitargeted receptor kinase inhibitor pazopanib in the treatment of corneal neovascularization. Alfonso-Bartolozzi, B; Amparo, F; Chodosh, J; Ciolino, JB; Dana, R; Jin, Y; Jurkunas, U; Sadrai, Z; Schaumberg, DA; Shikari, H; Wang, H, 2013)	0.39
"There were no severe adverse events following the use of topical pazopanib."	( Safety and efficacy of the multitargeted receptor kinase inhibitor pazopanib in the treatment of corneal neovascularization. Alfonso-Bartolozzi, B; Amparo, F; Chodosh, J; Ciolino, JB; Dana, R; Jin, Y; Jurkunas, U; Sadrai, Z; Schaumberg, DA; Shikari, H; Wang, H, 2013)	0.39
" The pazopanib safety profile showed no new safety signals or changes in the type, frequency and severity of adverse events."	( A randomised, double-blind phase III study of pazopanib in patients with advanced and/or metastatic renal cell carcinoma: final overall survival results and safety update. Barrios, CH; Chen, M; Davis, ID; Gladkov, OA; Hawkins, RE; Lee, E; Mardiak, J; McCann, L; Rubin, SD; Salman, P; Sternberg, CN; Szczylik, C; Wagstaff, J; Zarba, JJ, 2013)	0.39
" Adverse events were reported by three subjects (50%) following intravenous administration, and by 19 subjects (79%) following oral administration; most (46/47; 98%) events were mild/moderate in intensity."	( Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GSK2239633, a CC-chemokine receptor 4 antagonist, in healthy male subjects: results from an open-label and from a randomised study. Beerahee, M; Cahn, A; Graves, R; Hall, D; Hodgson, S; Hughes, SC; Robertson, J; Solari, R; van Marle, S; Watson, J; Wilson, R; Young, G, 2013)	0.39
" The most commonly reported adverse events in the FOLFOX6 cohorts included decreased appetite, neutropenia, diarrhea, peripheral neuropathy, and vomiting."	( An open-label study of the safety and tolerability of pazopanib in combination with FOLFOX6 or CapeOx in patients with colorectal cancer. Adams, LM; Botbyl, J; Brady, J; Chau, I; Corrie, P; Digumarti, R; Laubscher, KH; Mallath, M; Midgley, RS, 2013)	0.39
"5 mg/mL of the substances tested in any cell type examined, no toxic effects were found."	( [Multikinase inhibitors as a new approach in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) treatment: in vitro safety evaluations of axitinib, pazopanib and sorafenib for intraocular use]. Eibl, K; Haritoglou, C; Kampik, A; Kernt, M; König, S; Langer, J; Liegl, RG; Siedlecki, J; Thiele, S, 2013)	0.39
" Despite their selective molecular targeting and demonstrated clinical benefit, TKIs produce a range of serious adverse events, including drug-induced liver injury, that require careful patient management to maintain treatment benefit without harm."	( Genetic characterization to improve interpretation and clinical management of hepatotoxicity caused by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Hunt, CM; Spraggs, CF; Xu, CF, 2013)	0.39
" The common all-causality adverse events (all grades) in Japanese patients were dysphonia (68%), hypertension (64%), hand-foot syndrome (64%) and diarrhea (56%) for axitinib, and hand-foot syndrome (86%), hypertension (62%) and diarrhea (52%) for sorafenib."	( Efficacy and safety of axitinib versus sorafenib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: subgroup analysis of Japanese patients from the global randomized Phase 3 AXIS trial. Akaza, H; Chen, C; Kanayama, H; Kim, S; Naito, S; Ozono, S; Shinohara, N; Tarazi, J; Tomita, Y; Tsukamoto, T; Ueda, T; Uemura, H, 2013)	0.39
" Nine patients experienced 11 grade 3 adverse events."	( A phase II safety and efficacy study of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer. Erlichman, C; Flynn, PJ; Ho, WM; Miles, KM; Millward, M; Picus, J; Pili, R; Pitot, H; Qin, R; Tan, W; Vaishampayan, U, 2013)	0.39
" Aβ aggregates are toxic to neurons and are thought to contribute to neuronal loss."	( Bindarit, inhibitor of CCL2 synthesis, protects neurons against amyloid-β-induced toxicity. Calissano, P; Ciotti, M; Di Matteo, A; Florenzano, F; Guglielmotti, A; Mercanti, D; Pachter, J; Passeri, PP; Possenti, R; Severini, C; Zona, C, 2014)	0.4
" Linifanib Cmax and AUC derived from the population PK properties were correlated with the rates of adverse events (AEs)."	( Exposure-response (safety) analysis to identify linifanib dose for a Phase III study in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Carlson, DM; Chiu, YL; Pradhan, RS; Ricker, JL, 2013)	0.39
" We review data for axitinib and discuss strategies to manage or prevent adverse events (AEs) and maximize clinical benefit."	( Axitinib safety in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: suggestions for daily clinical practice based on case studies. Bracarda, S; Castellano, D; Procopio, G; Schmidinger, M; Sepúlveda, JM; Sisani, M; Verzoni, E, 2014)	0.4
" The most common adverse events were hypertension (45%), diarrhea (45%), hair color changes (44%), anorexia (30%), and nausea (25%)."	( An open-label extension study to evaluate safety and efficacy of pazopanib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Davis, ID; Deen, KC; Hawkins, RE; Sigal, E; Sternberg, CN, 2014)	0.4
" Common treatment-related all-grade adverse events were hypertension (88%), hand-foot syndrome (75%), diarrhea (66%), proteinuria (63%), fatigue (55%) and dysphonia (53%)."	( Overall survival and final efficacy and safety results from a Japanese phase II study of axitinib in cytokine-refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Akaza, H; Eto, M; Fujii, Y; Kamei, Y; Kanayama, H; Naito, S; Ozono, S; Shinohara, N; Tomita, Y; Uemura, H; Umeyama, Y, 2014)	0.4
" However, the association of Cτ with certain adverse events, particularly hand-foot syndrome, was continuous over the entire Cτ range."	( Relationships between pazopanib exposure and clinical safety and efficacy in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Amado, R; Ball, HA; Carpenter, C; Hutson, TE; Lin, Y; Molimard, M; Pandite, L; Rajagopalan, D; Suttle, AB; Swann, S, 2014)	0.4
" Monitoring Cτ may optimise systemic exposure to improve clinical benefit and decrease the risk of certain adverse events."	( Relationships between pazopanib exposure and clinical safety and efficacy in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Amado, R; Ball, HA; Carpenter, C; Hutson, TE; Lin, Y; Molimard, M; Pandite, L; Rajagopalan, D; Suttle, AB; Swann, S, 2014)	0.4
" Common adverse events (AEs) were also studied."	( Efficacy and safety of angiogenesis inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chen, Y; Hong, S; Luo, S; Tan, M; Wang, S; Zhang, L, 2015)	0.42
" Common adverse events with axitinib/gemcitabine in Japanese patients were fatigue, anorexia, dysphonia, nausea and decreased platelet count."	( Efficacy and safety of axitinib in combination with gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic cancer: subgroup analyses by region, including Japan, from the global randomized Phase III trial. Boku, N; Bycott, P; Fujii, Y; Furuse, J; Ioka, T; Kamei, Y; Namazu, K; Ohkawa, S; Okusaka, T; Sawaki, A; Takahashi, S; Umeyama, Y, 2015)	0.42
" Early management of adverse events using a multidisciplinary approach is paramount to the favorable outcome of treatment with pazopanib and other targeted agents."	( Targeted therapy in renal carcinoma: a case of long-term effect with complete control of toxicity. Ceniti, S; Conforti, L; Conforti, S; Minardi, S; Palazzo, S; Turano, S, )	0.13
" Some of these agents are tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which have different adverse events compared to chemotherapy or immunotherapy."	( Good tolerability, long-term survival and easy management of side effects in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with pazopanib. Di Cesare, P; Frascaroli, M, )	0.13
" Common long-term treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) were identified in patients who received axitinib for ≥ 2 years, then evaluated in all patients, and assessed using interval, cumulative, and latency analyses."	( Long-Term Safety With Axitinib in Previously Treated Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Askerova, Z; DeAnnuntis, LL; Escudier, B; Hariharan, S; Motzer, RJ; Rini, BI; Roberts, WG; Rosbrook, B; Tarazi, J, 2015)	0.42
"Several adverse events (AEs) are known to be commonly observed during treatment with different tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients."	( Absence of Significant Correlation of Adverse Events Between First- and Second-Line Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Fujisawa, M; Harada, K; Imai, S; Miyake, H, 2016)	0.43
"Several adverse events (AEs) commonly observed during treatment with different tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)."	( Absence of Significant Correlation of Adverse Events Between First- and Second-Line Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Fujisawa, M; Harada, K; Imai, S; Miyake, H, 2016)	0.43
" Grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) were reported in 63 % of patients with normal renal function or mild impairment, 77 % with moderate impairment, and 50 % with severe impairment; study discontinuations due to AEs were 10 %, 11 %, and 0 %, respectively."	( Effect of Renal Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Axitinib. Chen, Y; Dutcher, JP; Garrett, M; Motzer, RJ; Pithavala, YK; Rini, BI; Rixe, O; Stadler, WM; Tarazi, J; Wilding, G, 2016)	0.43
" The primary endpoint was in-segment late loss; the main secondary endpoints were in-stent late loss and major adverse cardiovascular events."	( A double-blind randomised study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bindarit in preventing coronary stent restenosis. Basavarajaiah, S; Calabresi, M; Colombo, A; Guglielmotti, A; Lettieri, C; Limbruno, U; Picchi, A; Pierucci, D; Prati, F; Sciahbasi, A; Valgimigli, M, 2016)	0.43
" Outcomes of interest were progression-free survival, objective response rate (ORR), overall survival, discontinuation of treatment due to adverse events (DAE) and occurrence of specific toxicities."	( Efficacy and Safety of Selective Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors Compared with Sorafenib for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: a Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Balar, AV; Bangalore, S; Kang, SK; Ohmann, EL; Volodarskiy, A, 2016)	0.43
" Inhaled, nebulized AZD5423 was safe and well tolerated up to and including the highest doses tested for up to 2 weeks of once-daily treatment."	( Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator AZD5423 after Inhalation in Healthy Volunteers. Edsbäcker, S; Ekholm, E; Jorup, C; Prothon, S; Werkström, V, 2016)	0.43
" The main adverse effects that have been reported for PAZ are hypertension and frequent liver dysfunction; these reports also indicate that the incidence of severe cytopenia(thrombocytopenia, neutropenia)is quite low."	( [A Case of Severe Hematological Toxicity in Response to Pazopanib]. Chuman, H; Hayashi, Y; Iwase, H; Kawai, A; Kobayashi, E; Makino, Y; Nakatani, F; Sano, T; Tanzawa, Y, 2016)	0.43
" There were no significant differences in the incidences of adverse events between these two groups, except for that of fatigue, which was significantly more frequent in older than younger patients."	( Efficacy and safety of axitinib in elderly patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Fujisawa, M; Harada, K; Miyake, H; Ozono, S, 2016)	0.43
" Common grade 3 or higher adverse events associated with axitinib were hypertension in 41 (33."	( Assessment of Efficacy, Safety, and Quality of Life of 124 Patients Treated With Axitinib as Second-Line Therapy for Metastatic Renal-Cell Carcinoma: Experience in Real-World Clinical Practice in Japan. Fujisawa, M; Harada, KI; Miyake, H; Ozono, S, 2017)	0.46
" mRCC patients treated with sunitinib or pazopanib at the European Institute of Oncology in Milan were reviewed for the incidence of adverse events."	( Prognostic role of the cumulative toxicity in patients affected by metastatic renal cells carcinoma and treated with first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Aurilio, G; Cossu Rocca, M; Cullurà, D; de Cobelli, O; Iacovelli, R; Nolè, F; Verri, E, 2017)	0.46
"To systematically review relevant literature comparing the oncological outcomes and adverse events of different systemic therapies for patients with metastatic non-ccRCC."	( A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Comparing the Effectiveness and Adverse Effects of Different Systemic Treatments for Non-clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Albiges, L; Bensalah, K; Bex, A; Canfield, SE; Dabestani, S; Fernández-Pello, S; Giles, RH; Hofmann, F; Hora, M; Kuczyk, MA; Lam, TB; Ljungberg, B; Marconi, L; Merseburger, AS; Powles, T; Staehler, M; Tahbaz, R; Volpe, A, 2017)	0.46
" Sunitinib was associated with more Grade 3-4 adverse events than everolimus, although this was not statistically significant."	( A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Comparing the Effectiveness and Adverse Effects of Different Systemic Treatments for Non-clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Albiges, L; Bensalah, K; Bex, A; Canfield, SE; Dabestani, S; Fernández-Pello, S; Giles, RH; Hofmann, F; Hora, M; Kuczyk, MA; Lam, TB; Ljungberg, B; Marconi, L; Merseburger, AS; Powles, T; Staehler, M; Tahbaz, R; Volpe, A, 2017)	0.46
" In vitro cytotoxicity assays confirmed that HLCs from patients with clinically identified hepatotoxicity were more sensitive to PZ-induced toxicity than other individuals, while a prototype hepatotoxin acetaminophen was similarly toxic to all HLCs studied."	( Patient-specific hepatocyte-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells model pazopanib-mediated hepatotoxicity. Choudhury, Y; Kanesvaran, R; Li, H; Poh, J; Qu, Y; Tan, HS; Tan, MH; Toh, YC; Xing, J; Yu, H, 2017)	0.46
" All patients experienced at least one adverse event (AE)."	( A Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Pictilisib in Combination with Erlotinib in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Bowles, DW; Lackner, MR; Leong, S; Moss, RA; Schellens, JHM; Schutzman, JL; Shankar, G; Spoerke, JM; van der Noll, R; Voest, EE; Ware, JA; Zhou, J, 2017)	0.46
" Adverse events (AEs) were monitored throughout."	( Safety, pharmacokinetics and dose-response characteristics of GSK2269557, an inhaled PI3Kδ inhibitor under development for the treatment of COPD. Begg, M; Cahn, A; Dunsire, L; Fuhr, R; Galinanes-Garcia, L; Hamblin, JN; Hessel, EM; Kirsten, AM; Leemereise, CN; Montembault, M; Sriskantharajah, S; Watz, H; Wilson, R, 2017)	0.46
"All 66 treated patients experienced at least one adverse event (AE)."	( A phase IB dose-escalation study of the safety and pharmacokinetics of pictilisib in combination with either paclitaxel and carboplatin (with or without bevacizumab) or pemetrexed and cisplatin (with or without bevacizumab) in patients with advanced non-s Adjei, AA; Bahleda, R; Besse, B; Dy, GK; Ferte, C; Groen, HJM; Lin, W; Morrissey, K; Planchard, D; Schutzman, JL; Shankar, G; Soria, JC; Ware, J; Zhou, J, 2017)	0.46
" Liver toxicity is a common side effect for this class of agents."	( A remarkable response to pazopanib, despite recurrent liver toxicity, in a patient with a high grade endometrial stromal sarcoma, a case report. Bosse, T; Bovée, JVMG; Gelderblom, H; Verschoor, AJ; Warmerdam, FARM, 2018)	0.48
" Besides classical adverse events of this drug class, hepatotoxicity has been described as a frequent side effect."	( Pazopanib-Induced Hepatotoxicity in an Experimental Rat Model. Afsar, B; Armagan, B; Bilgetekin, I; Cetin, B; Demirci, U; Gulbahar, O; Gumusay, O; Ozet, A; Uner, A; Yılmaz, GE, 2018)	0.48
" We retrospectively investigated treatment outcomes according to the treatment lines and assessed adverse events."	( Efficacy and Safety of Pazopanib for Recurrent or Metastatic Solitary Fibrous Tumor. Bun, S; Ebata, T; Fujiwara, Y; Miyake, M; Narita, Y; Noguchi, E; Shimizu, C; Shimoi, T; Shimomura, A; Tamura, K; Yonemori, K; Yoshida, A, 2018)	0.48
" Liver injury is a major adverse event and adequate treatment withdrawal and dose reduction should be considered when necessary."	( Efficacy and Safety of Pazopanib for Recurrent or Metastatic Solitary Fibrous Tumor. Bun, S; Ebata, T; Fujiwara, Y; Miyake, M; Narita, Y; Noguchi, E; Shimizu, C; Shimoi, T; Shimomura, A; Tamura, K; Yonemori, K; Yoshida, A, 2018)	0.48
" In the pivotal ENGOT-OV16/NOVA trial, the dose reduction rate due to treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) was 68."	( Safety and dose modification for patients receiving niraparib. Berek, JS; Berton-Rigaud, D; Colombo, N; Ellard, S; Ghatage, P; Gonzalez-Martin, A; Guo, W; Hazard, S; Ledermann, J; Lesoin, A; Madry, R; Mahner, S; Matulonis, UA; Mirza, MR; Peen, U; Pineda, M; Redondo, A; Reinthaller, A; Rosengarten, O; Sehouli, J; Vergote, I, 2018)	0.48
" Among Asian patients, hematologic adverse events and most non-hematologic AEs were more common in sunitinib-treated versus pazopanib-treated patients."	( Safety of pazopanib and sunitinib in treatment-naive patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Asian versus non-Asian subgroup analysis of the COMPARZ trial. Ahmad, Q; Azad, A; Carrasco-Alfonso, MJ; Chang, YH; Chung, J; Davis, ID; Guo, J; Han, J; Jin, J; Lee, JL; Lim, HY; Motzer, R; Nanua, B; Oya, M; Rha, SY; Takahashi, S; Tatsugami, K; Uemura, H; Wu, HC, 2018)	0.48
"A distinct pattern and severity of adverse events was observed in Asians when compared with non-Asians with both pazopanib and sunitinib."	( Safety of pazopanib and sunitinib in treatment-naive patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Asian versus non-Asian subgroup analysis of the COMPARZ trial. Ahmad, Q; Azad, A; Carrasco-Alfonso, MJ; Chang, YH; Chung, J; Davis, ID; Guo, J; Han, J; Jin, J; Lee, JL; Lim, HY; Motzer, R; Nanua, B; Oya, M; Rha, SY; Takahashi, S; Tatsugami, K; Uemura, H; Wu, HC, 2018)	0.48
" Adverse events were responsible for discontinuation of treatment in 28."	( Analysis of Efficacy and Toxicity Profile of First-Line Sunitinib or Pazopanib in Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Brazilian Population. Bastos, DA; Bonadio, RRCC; Dzik, C; Isaacsson Velho, P; Marta, GN; Muniz, DQB; Nardo, M; Souza, MCLA, 2018)	0.48
" No serious adverse events were reported."	( Evaluation of the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of GSK2269557 (Nemiralisib) Administered Via Dry Powder Inhaler to Healthy Japanese Subjects. Cahn, A; Igarashi, H; Ino, H; Numachi, Y; Ogura, H; Terao, T; Wilson, R, 2019)	0.51
" TKIs also act systemically causing various adverse events (AEs)."	( Pazopanib, Cabozantinib, and Vandetanib in the Treatment of Progressive Medullary Thyroid Cancer with a Special Focus on the Adverse Effects on Hypertension. Bauer, J; Grimm, D; Grosse, J; Infanger, M; Kopp, S; Krüger, M; Milling, RV; Wehland, M, 2018)	0.48
" Patients experienced high frequencies of adverse events (AEs) including treatment-related AEs (100%), grade 3/4 treatment-related AEs (82%), and treatment-related AEs leading to discontinuation (39%)."	( Safety and efficacy of nivolumab in combination with sunitinib or pazopanib in advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the CheckMate 016 study. Amin, A; Bauer, TM; Berghorn, E; Carducci, M; Ernstoff, MS; Hammers, HJ; Heng, DYC; Knox, J; Kollmannsberger, C; Lewis, LD; McDermott, DF; Plimack, ER; Rini, BI; Spratlin, J; Voss, MH; Yang, L, 2018)	0.48
" While there was no adverse impact on response and the OS outcome was notable, the findings suggest that the success of combination regimens based on immune checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenic drugs may be dependent on careful selection of the antiangiogenic component and dose."	( Safety and efficacy of nivolumab in combination with sunitinib or pazopanib in advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the CheckMate 016 study. Amin, A; Bauer, TM; Berghorn, E; Carducci, M; Ernstoff, MS; Hammers, HJ; Heng, DYC; Knox, J; Kollmannsberger, C; Lewis, LD; McDermott, DF; Plimack, ER; Rini, BI; Spratlin, J; Voss, MH; Yang, L, 2018)	0.48
" Side effect profiles were consistent with known toxicities of the respective multikinase-inhibitor including diarrhea, fatigue, hand-foot skin reaction and hypertension."	( SWITCH II: Phase III randomized, sequential, open-label study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sorafenib-pazopanib versus pazopanib-sorafenib in the treatment of advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (AUO AN 33/11). Bedke, J; Beeker, A; Bögemann, M; Bokemeyer, C; Bolenz, C; De Santis, M; Frank, M; Grimm, MO; Gschwend, JE; Indorf, M; Lehmann, J; Leiber, C; Müller, L; Retz, M; Teber, D; van Alphen, R; Wirth, M; Zimmermann, U, 2019)	0.51
" Adverse events (AEs) of special interest were based on the known safety profile of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors."	( Efficacy and safety of niraparib as maintenance treatment in older patients (≥ 70 years) with recurrent ovarian cancer: Results from the ENGOT-OV16/NOVA trial. Banerjee, S; Bover, I; Dørum, A; Fabbro, M; Follana, P; Goffin, F; Harter, P; Hazard, SJ; Hellman, K; Mahner, S; Matulonis, UA; Mirza, MR; Moore, KN; Pineda, MJ; Provencher, D; Shapira-Frommer, R; Tinker, AV; Tognon, G; Vázquez, IP; Wenham, RM, 2019)	0.51
" We hypothesized that ingesting pazopanib with food may improve patients' comfort and reduce gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events."	( The Effect of Using Pazopanib With Food vs. Fasted on Pharmacokinetics, Patient Safety, and Preference (DIET Study). Burger, DM; Colbers, A; Gelderblom, H; Hamberg, P; Jansman, FGA; Lubberman, FJE; Luelmo, S; Moes, DJAR; Mulder, SF; van der Graaf, WTA; van Erp, NP; van Herpen, CML; Vervenne, WL, 2019)	0.51
" All-grade treatment-related adverse events occurred in approximately 63% of patients, and the safety profile among older and younger patients was similar."	( Real-world Effectiveness and Safety of Pazopanib in Patients With Intermediate Prognostic Risk Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. Ahmad, Q; Bamias, A; Bono, P; Dezzani, L; Estevez, SV; Hawkins, R; Hirschberg, Y; Jonasch, E; Kalofonos, H; Pisal, CB; Procopio, G; Rodriguez, CS; Sánchez, AR; Schmidinger, M; Srihari, N, 2019)	0.51
"There is no study till date determining the spectrum of adverse events of pazopanib in Indian patients with advanced sarcoma."	( Pazopanib efficacy and toxicity in a metastatic sarcoma cohort: Are Indian patients different? Aggarwal, A; Barwad, A; Dhamija, E; Mridha, AR; Pandey, R; Rastogi, S; Sharma, A; Vanidassane, I, )	0.13
"The spectrum of adverse events in Indian patients at doses lower than the recommended dose is distinctly different from the western population."	( Pazopanib efficacy and toxicity in a metastatic sarcoma cohort: Are Indian patients different? Aggarwal, A; Barwad, A; Dhamija, E; Mridha, AR; Pandey, R; Rastogi, S; Sharma, A; Vanidassane, I, )	0.13
" Adverse events (AEs) were also compared within subgroups."	( Safety and efficacy of Pazopanib in advanced soft tissue sarcoma: PALETTE (EORTC 62072) subgroup analyses. Aglietta, M; Ahmad, Q; Bauer, S; Blay, JY; Cesne, AL; Demetri, GD; Dezzani, L; Gelderblom, H; Han, G; Hohenberger, P; Judson, I; Schöffski, P, 2019)	0.51
" Fifteen patients in the sunitinib group and 13 in the pazopanib group experienced adverse events."	( A Phase 4 Study of Everolimus to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Metastatic Renal-Cell Carcinoma after Failure of First-Line Sunitinib or Pazopanib (SUNPAZ). de Geeter, P; Decker, T; Quiering, C; Resch, A; Schmitz, S; Schostak, M, 2020)	0.56
"Anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors, sunitinib and pazopanib, have proven efficacy in advanced renal cell carcinoma, with specific adverse events occurring during treatment process."	( Impact of the Charlson Comorbidity Index on dose-limiting toxicity and survival in locally advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with first-line sunitinib or pazopanib. Akgül Babacan, N; Akın Telli, T; Alan, Ö; Alsan Çetin, İ; Arıkan, R; Başoğlu Tüylü, T; Çiçek, FC; Dane, F; Demircan, NC; Ercelep, Ö; Ergelen, R; Kaya, S; Öztürk, MA; Tinay, İ; Yumuk, PF, 2020)	0.56
" Before cross-over, the most common grade III or higher adverse events were lymphopenia (5 versus 1, respectively), diarrhoea (4 versus 0), dyspnoea (3 versus 1), skin toxicity (3 versus 0), arterial hypertension (2 versus 0), and increased transaminases (2 versus 0)."	( A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized phase II trial assessing the activity and safety of regorafenib in non-adipocytic sarcoma patients previously treated with both chemotherapy and pazopanib. Bertucci, F; Blay, JY; Bompas, E; Brodowicz, T; Chaigneau, L; Chevreau, C; Decoupigny, E; Delcambre, C; Italiano, A; Laroche, L; Le Cesne, A; Le Deley, MC; Mir, O; Penel, N; Ray-Coquard, I; Saada-Bouzid, E; Salas, S; Taieb, S; Vanseymortier, M; Wallet, J, 2020)	0.56
" Abuse of SCs is dangerous because users may mistake them for natural cannabis, which is generally considered to be unlikely to elicit adverse effects."	( Metabolism, CB1 cannabinoid receptor binding and in vivo activity of synthetic cannabinoid 5F-AKB48: Implications for toxicity. Bush, JM; Cabanlong, CV; Fantegrossi, WE; Fujiwara, R; Fukuda, S; Gogoi, J; Jackson, BK; McCain, K; Pinson, A; Prather, PL; Radominska-Pandya, A; Shoeib, A; Yarbrough, AL, 2020)	0.56
" Many endocrine-related adverse effects have been noted with the use of TKIs including hypothyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, altered bone density, secondary hyperparathyroidism, abnormal glucose metabolism, gynecomastia, and hypogonadism."	( Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors' Newly Reported Endocrine Side Effect: Pazopanib-Induced Primary Adrenal Insufficiency in a Patient With Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer. Correa, R; Elshimy, G; Gandhi, A; Guo, R, )	0.13
"These data demonstrate the importance of appropriate dose reduction according to toxicity criteria and support the safe long-term use of niraparib for maintenance treatment in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer."	( Long-term safety in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer treated with niraparib versus placebo: Results from the phase III ENGOT-OV16/NOVA trial. Barceló, IB; Benigno, B; Berton-Rigaud, D; Bessette, P; Buscema, J; de Jong, FA; du Bois, A; Dørum, A; Gupta, D; Herráez, AC; Herrstedt, J; Kalbacher, E; Lau, S; Ledermann, JA; Levy, T; Lorusso, D; Mahner, S; Matulonis, UA; Mirza, MR; Rimel, BJ; Vergote, I; Wang, P, 2020)	0.56
" This study was designed to comprehensively assess the adverse events of AKI in real-world patients receiving small-molecule PKIs using the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)."	( Assessment of acute kidney injury related to small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors using the FDA adverse event reporting system. Fan, Q; Li, Q; Liu, F; Ma, J; Zhang, B; Zhao, B, 2020)	0.56
"Among the 462,020 adverse event reports for small-molecule PKIs, 9970 (2."	( Assessment of acute kidney injury related to small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors using the FDA adverse event reporting system. Fan, Q; Li, Q; Liu, F; Ma, J; Zhang, B; Zhao, B, 2020)	0.56
"Treatment-related adverse events included fatigue and nausea in the monotherapy arm (13% for each), hypothyroidism (30%) in the ramucirumab arm, diarrhea (54%) in the abemaciclib arm, and nausea (25%) in the merestinib arm."	( Safety and Clinical Activity of a New Anti-PD-L1 Antibody as Monotherapy or Combined with Targeted Therapy in Advanced Solid Tumors: The PACT Phase Ia/Ib Trial. Bang, YJ; Bendell, J; Carlsen, M; Chow, KH; Chung, HC; de Miguel, MJ; Gandhi, L; Italiano, A; Lin, CC; Patnaik, A; Schmidt, S; Su, WC; Szpurka, AM; Vangerow, B; Xu, X; Yap, TA; Yu, D; Zhao, Y, 2021)	0.62
" The severe adverse events caused by VEGF inhibitors might include immune-related ones; however, details of the mechanism have not been elucidated."	( Activation of inflammasomes by tyrosine kinase inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor: Implications for VEGFR TKIs-induced immune related adverse events. Hayashi, T; Ijiri, Y; Imano, H; Kato, R, 2021)	0.62
" Safety evaluations included the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), including serious TEAEs."	( Phase 2 single-arm study on the efficacy and safety of niraparib in Japanese patients with heavily pretreated, homologous recombination-deficient ovarian cancer. Aoki, D; Hamanishi, J; Harano, K; Hasegawa, K; Hirasawa, T; Hori, K; Kase, Y; Komiyama, S; Kondo, E; Matsuura, M; Nakai, H; Nakamura, H; Nakamura, T; Okamoto, A; Sakata, J; Soeda, J; Sugiyama, T; Sumino, S; Suri, A; Tabata, T; Takehara, K; Takekuma, M; Yanagida, S; Yokoyama, Y, 2021)	0.62
" Pazopanib is a safe and effective tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in managing soft tissue sarcomas (STS) after chemotherapy failure."	( Safety and efficacy of pazopanib as a second-line treatment and beyond for soft tissue sarcomas: A real-life tertiary-center experience in the MENA region. Alameh, IA; Assi, HI; Charafeddine, M; Farhat, F; Halim, NA; Karak, FE; Khoury, J; Nakib, CE; Sayed, RE; Zerdan, MB, 2021)	0.62
" The primary endpoint (incidence of grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia-related events within 30 days after initial niraparib administration) was justified by the incidences of a global pivotal phase 3 study and its post-hoc safety analysis on thrombocytopenia, the major hematological adverse event of niraparib."	( Phase 2 single-arm study on the safety of maintenance niraparib in Japanese patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer. Hamanishi, J; Hasegawa, K; Itamochi, H; Kase, Y; Matsumoto, T; Matsuura, M; Miura, K; Nagao, S; Nakai, H; Sumino, S; Suri, A; Takehara, K; Takeshima, N; Tanaka, N; Tokunaga, H; Ushijima, K; Watari, H; Yokoyama, Y, 2021)	0.62
" The number of patients with dose-limiting toxicities in cycle 1 and number with treatment-emergent adverse events were primary endpoints."	( The safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of niraparib in Japanese patients with solid tumours: results of a phase I dose-escalation study. Iwasa, S; Kase, Y; Kitano, S; Kondo, S; Koyama, T; Sato, J; Shibaki, R; Shimizu, T; Shimomura, A; Sumino, S; Suri, A; Tamura, K; Yamamoto, N; Yonemori, K, 2021)	0.62
" All patients in both cohorts developed treatment-emergent adverse events."	( The safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of niraparib in Japanese patients with solid tumours: results of a phase I dose-escalation study. Iwasa, S; Kase, Y; Kitano, S; Kondo, S; Koyama, T; Sato, J; Shibaki, R; Shimizu, T; Shimomura, A; Sumino, S; Suri, A; Tamura, K; Yamamoto, N; Yonemori, K, 2021)	0.62
" Only one patient had a grade ≥3 adverse event."	( Combination antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibition and anti-PD1 immunotherapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A retrospective analysis of safety, tolerance, and clinical outcomes. Armstrong, AJ; Brown, LC; Campbell, MT; Corn, P; Economides, M; Gao, J; Garmezy, B; George, DJ; Gupta, RT; Harrison, MR; Jonasch, E; Kao, C; Kinsey, EN; Laccetti, AL; Msaouel, P; Shah, A; Tannir, N; Venkatesan, A; Xiao, L; Zhang, T; Zurita-Saavedra, A, 2021)	0.62
"2%) had grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events, the most common being thrombocytopenia (26."	( Niraparib with androgen receptor-axis-targeted therapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: safety and pharmacokinetic results from a phase 1b study (BEDIVERE). Bradic, B; Chi, KN; De Meulder, M; Espina, BM; Francis, P; Graff, JN; Hayreh, V; Hazra, A; Lattouf, JB; Mamidi, RNVS; Posadas, EM; Rezazadeh Kalebasty, A; Saad, F; Shore, ND; Yu, A; Zhu, E, 2021)	0.62
" However, the clinical utility of this effective chemotherapy agent is dose limited by its toxic side effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity."	( The multitargeted kinase inhibitor KW-2449 ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by targeting RIPK1-mediated necroptosis. Cai, Z; Chen, G; Chen, X; Qin, X; Ren, W; Rui, C; Shi, SN; Wang, HY; Yu, J; Zhuang, C, 2021)	0.62
" Grade greater than or equal to 3 adverse events occurred in 34."	( Efficacy and Safety of Niraparib as Maintenance Treatment in Patients With Extensive-Stage SCLC After First-Line Chemotherapy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Study. Ai, X; Chen, G; Cui, J; Ding, C; Dong, X; Gao, B; He, J; Hu, C; Hu, X; Huang, C; Jiang, L; Li, J; Li, X; Li, Y; Liao, W; Liu, A; Liu, C; Liu, X; Liu, Z; Lu, S; Ma, Z; Pan, Y; Shi, J; Song, Y; Wang, K; Wang, M; Wang, W; Xiong, J; Yang, N; Zhang, B; Zhang, D; Zhang, H; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhao, J; Zhou, J, 2021)	0.62
" Response and adverse events (AEs) were analyzed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1."	( The efficacy and safety of niraparib for ovarian cancer: a single-center observational study from China. Chen, X; Cheng, X; Dai, Z; Gu, H; Guo, W; Ni, J; Wang, Y; Xu, X; Zhao, Q; Zhou, R, 2021)	0.62
" Leg swelling was observed as a new adverse event."	( The efficacy and safety of niraparib for ovarian cancer: a single-center observational study from China. Chen, X; Cheng, X; Dai, Z; Gu, H; Guo, W; Ni, J; Wang, Y; Xu, X; Zhao, Q; Zhou, R, 2021)	0.62
" The primary outcome was nezulcitinib safety and tolerability assessed from treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs)."	( Phase I study in healthy participants to evaluate safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of inhaled nezulcitinib, a potential treatment for COVID-19. Bourdet, DL; Colley, K; Lo, A; Pfeifer, ND; Singh, D, 2021)	0.62
" Outcomes of interest included: serious adverse event (SAE), discontinuation due to adverse event (AE), interruption of treatment due to AE, dose reduction due to AE, and specific grade 1-5 AEs."	( Comparative safety and tolerability of approved PARP inhibitors in cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cai, Z; Cao, D; Chang, C; Jiang, Z; Liu, C; Mu, M; Shen, C; Yin, X; Yin, Y; Zhang, B; Zhang, L; Zhao, Z, 2021)	0.62
" Most treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were grade 1/2 and manageable/reversible with dose modifications."	( Updated Integrated Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Entrectinib in Patients With NTRK Fusion-Positive Solid Tumors. Ahn, MJ; Bazhenova, L; Chawla, SP; Chen, D; Chiu, CH; Cho, BC; De Braud, F; Demetri, GD; Drilon, A; Dziadziuszko, R; Fakih, M; Goto, K; Heinzmann, S; John, T; Lee, J; Lin, JJ; Liu, SV; Patel, MR; Pitcher, B; Rolfo, C; Seto, T; Siena, S; Wilson, TR, 2022)	0.72
"Inhaled velsecorat was safe and well tolerated up to and including the highest dose tested (1872 µg)."	( Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator Velsecorat (AZD7594) Following Inhalation in Healthy Volunteers. Aggarwal, A; Aurivillius, M; Chen, Y; Eriksson, UG; Prothon, S; Tehler, U, 2022)	0.72
" The most common all-grade adverse events in the single-agent pazopanib arm vs the combination arm were fatigue (29 patients [55%] vs 37 [61%]), headache (12 patients [23%] vs 39 [64%]), diarrhea (27 patients [51%] vs 35 [57%]), nausea (26 patients [49%] vs 29 [48%]), vomiting (12 patients [23%] vs 23 [38%]), anemia (5 patients [9%] vs 27 [44%]), epistaxis (2 patients [4%] vs 34 [56%]), and hypertension (29 patients [55%] vs 22 [36%])."	( Efficacy and Safety of TRC105 Plus Pazopanib vs Pazopanib Alone for Treatment of Patients With Advanced Angiosarcoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Adams, B; Attia, S; Brohl, AS; Burgess, MA; Chawla, S; Cheang, MCU; Cranmer, LD; Ganjoo, KN; Italiano, A; Jones, RL; Liu, L; Maki, RG; Ravi, V; Robertson, L; Theuer, C; Thornton, K, 2022)	0.72
" Co-primary outcomes, assessed at 6-months after patients entered the trial, were tolerability, defined as the proportion of patients who did not develop "intolerable" adverse events, and efficacy, defined as the proportion of all patients who were progression-free and alive."	( A Study of Pazopanib Safety and Efficacy in Patients With Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and ECOG Performance Status 2 (Pazo2): An Open label, Multicentre, Single Arm, Phase II Trial. Farrugia, D; Fife, K; Hodgkins, AM; MacDonald-Smith, C; Pirrie, S; Porfiri, E; Stubbs, C; Vasudev, N; Zarkar, A, 2022)	0.72
"4) did not develop "intolerable" adverse events and 56."	( A Study of Pazopanib Safety and Efficacy in Patients With Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and ECOG Performance Status 2 (Pazo2): An Open label, Multicentre, Single Arm, Phase II Trial. Farrugia, D; Fife, K; Hodgkins, AM; MacDonald-Smith, C; Pirrie, S; Porfiri, E; Stubbs, C; Vasudev, N; Zarkar, A, 2022)	0.72
" Eighty-three percentage of patients experienced any grade of adverse events, 71% of which were related to study treatment, including diarrhea (36%), hypertension (21%), stomatitis (17%), decreased appetite (14%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (12%), and asthenia (11%)."	( Real-World Study Evaluating Safety and Effectiveness of Axitinib in Korean Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma after Failure of One Prior Systemic Therapy. Chung, HS; Kim, SH; Kwon, TG; Lee, JL; Park, SH; Shim, BY; Shin, SJ, 2023)	0.91
" Age >75 years, liposarcoma, ECOG = 2, G8 ≤14, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) ≥1 and Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥2 were tested for their impact on progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), CTCAE grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) or serious AEs (SAEs), using univariate and multivariate analysis models."	( A post hoc analysis of the EPAZ trial: The role of geriatric variables in elderly soft tissue sarcoma patients on toxicity and outcome. Bauer, S; Chemnitz, JM; Crysandt, M; Egerer, G; Grünwald, V; Hamacher, R; Hentschel, L; Ivanyi, P; Kasper, B; Kopp, HG; Kunitz, A; Lindner, L; Liu, X; Richter, S; Schöffski, P; Schuler, MK; Steffen, B; Stein, A, 2023)	0.91
" The most common adverse events typically occurred within 3 months of starting niraparib."	( Real-world safety and effectiveness of maintenance niraparib for platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer: A GEICO retrospective observational study within the Spanish expanded-access programme. Barquin, A; Churruca, C; Constenla, M; Cueva, JF; de Juan, A; Estévez, P; Fernández, I; Gallego, A; García, Y; González-Martín, A; Guerra, E; Herrero, A; Juárez, A; Legerén, M; Manso, L; Marquina, G; Martín, C; Martín, T; Martínez Bueno, A; Maximiano, C; Palacio, I; Pardo, B; Quindós, M; Sánchez, L; Santaballa, A; Yubero, A, 2023)	0.91
" This review focuses on the adverse events associated with niraparib and their management to maintain efficacy of niraparib treatment and improve quality of life for patients."	( Safety and management of niraparib monotherapy in ovarian cancer clinical trials. Buckley, L; González-Martin, A; Matulonis, UA; Mirza, MR; Monk, BJ; Moore, KN; Rimel, BJ; Wu, X, 2023)	0.91
" The primary outcomes of eligible studies included overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate, 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate, 2-year PFS rate, 1-year overall survival (OS) rate, 2-year OS rate, and adverse events."	( The Efficacy and Safety of Pazopanib Plus Chemotherapy in Treating Recurrent or Persistent Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Chen, J; Fang, H; Pan, G; Wang, H; Wang, X; Zhang, Y, 2023)	0.91
"Pazopanib plus chemotherapy improved patient ORR but did not improve survival; it also increased the occurrence of several adverse events."	( The Efficacy and Safety of Pazopanib Plus Chemotherapy in Treating Recurrent or Persistent Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Chen, J; Fang, H; Pan, G; Wang, H; Wang, X; Zhang, Y, 2023)	0.91
" The most common grade ≥ 3 treatment-emergent adverse events in niraparib patients were thrombocytopenia (39."	( Progression-free survival and safety at 3.5years of follow-up: results from the randomised phase 3 PRIMA/ENGOT-OV26/GOG-3012 trial of niraparib maintenance treatment in patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer. Backes, F; Compton, N; Freyer, G; González-Martín, A; Graybill, W; Heitz, F; Lorusso, D; Malinowska, IA; McCormick, CC; Mirza, MR; Monk, BJ; Moore, RG; O'Cearbhaill, RE; Pothuri, B; Redondo, A; Shtessel, L; Vergote, I; Vulsteke, C, 2023)	0.91
" Regarding adverse events of all grades, hypertension (p = 0."	( Efficacy and safety of axitinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Real-world data on patients with renal impairment. Anai, S; Eto, M; Hara, H; Hara, T; Ito, YM; Kimura, T; Kitamura, H; Kojima, T; Minami, K; Mitsuzuka, K; Miyauchi, Y; Morizane, S; Murai, S; Nakagomi, H; Nakai, Y; Nishiyama, H; Ohba, K; Osawa, T; Ozawa, M; Shiina, H; Shimazui, T; Shindo, T; Shinohara, N; Takahashi, A; Takeuchi, A; Tamura, K; Ueda, K; Uemura, M; Yokomizo, A; Yoshimura, K, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The pharmacokinetic studies were performed when the patients had been on oral lonidamine therapy for 27 to 47 days (mean 32 days) and the studies were conducted over a 24 hour period."	( The pharmacokinetics of oral lonidamine in breast and lung cancer patients. Button, D; Catanese, B; Hardy, J; Jenns, K; Mansi, J; Newell, DR; Picollo, R; Smith, IE, 1991)	0.28
" Further exploration of its dose scheduling and pharmacokinetic profile is warranted."	( A pharmacokinetic study of granisetron (BRL 43694A), a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist: correlation with anti-emetic response. Cantwell, BM; Carmichael, J; Edwards, CM; Harris, AL; Rapeport, WG; Thompson, S; Zussman, BD, 1989)	0.28
" Mean pharmacokinetic parameters in 14 patients in whom plasma assay data are available were: Maximum observed concentration = 30."	( Pharmacokinetics and anti-emetic efficacy of BRL43694, a new selective 5HT-3 antagonist. Adams, L; Cassidy, J; Kaye, SB; Lewis, C; Raina, V; Rankin, EM; Rapeport, WG; Soukop, M; Zussman, BD, 1988)	0.27
" The rate of absorption of bendazac, as assessed by tmax and Cmax, is similar in patients and in healthy subjects."	( The pharmacokinetics of bendazac-lysine and 5-hydroxybendazac, its main metabolite, in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Campistron, G; Ego, D; Escourrou, J; Houin, G; Ribet, A; Rovei, V; Thiola, A, 1988)	0.27
" The pharmacokinetic parameters were compared to those obtained in 10 healthy adult volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetics of bendazac-lysine and 5-hydroxybendazac in patients with renal insufficiency. Campistron, G; Conte, JJ; Dueymes, JM; Ego, D; Houin, G; Rovei, V, 1987)	0.27
"The plasma concentration-time curve was fitted to 2-compartment open model, and the major pharmacokinetic parameters of domestic and imported BL tablets were shown respectively as following: Cmax 66 +/- 16 and 65 +/- 8 mg."	( Pharmacokinetics of bendazac lysine in 10 Chinese young men. Chen, XX; Pu, J; Qiu, JJ; Shen, JP; Yan, HY; Zhang, YD; Zhu, YQ, 1997)	0.3
" However, the central nervous system (CNS) pharmacokinetic profile of agmatine remains minimally defined."	( Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies of agmatine after spinal administration in the mouse. Fairbanks, CA; Grocholski, BM; Kitto, KF; Roberts, JC, 2005)	0.33
" Replacement of this substituent by 4-amino(5-methyl-1H-indazole) yielded compounds with comparable enzyme potency and improved pharmacokinetic properties."	( N-4-Pyrimidinyl-1H-indazol-4-amine inhibitors of Lck: indazoles as phenol isosteres with improved pharmacokinetics. Angell, RM; Bamborough, P; Bhamra, I; Brown, D; Bull, J; Christopher, JA; Cooper, AW; Fazal, LH; Giordano, I; Hind, L; Patel, VK; Ranshaw, LE; Sims, MJ; Skone, PA; Smith, KJ; Vickerstaff, E; Washington, M, 2007)	0.59
" Furthermore, the steady-state concentration of pazopanib determined from preclinical activity showed a strong correlation with the pharmacodynamic effects and antitumor activity in the phase I clinical trial."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic correlation from mouse to human with pazopanib, a multikinase angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antitumor and antiangiogenic activity. Boloor, A; Cheung, M; Crosby, RM; Crouthamel, MC; Epperly, AH; Gilmer, TM; Harrington, LE; Hopper, TM; Johnson, JH; Knick, VB; Kumar, R; Luttrell, DK; Miller, CG; Mullin, RJ; Onori, JA; Rudolph, SK; Stafford, JA; Truesdale, AT, 2007)	0.34
"A phase I and pharmacokinetic study was carried out with the new ruthenium complex indazolium trans-[tetrachlorobis(1H-indazole)ruthenate(III)] (KP1019, FFC14A)."	( Pharmacokinetics of a novel anticancer ruthenium complex (KP1019, FFC14A) in a phase I dose-escalation study. Dittrich, C; Drescher, A; Hartinger, CG; Henke, M; Hilger, RA; Jaehde, U; Keppler, BK; Lentz, F; Lindauer, A; Scheulen, ME, 2009)	0.35
"Rifampin expectedly decreased AUCinf and Cmax of axitinib (geometric mean reduced by 79 and 71%, respectively)."	( Effect of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of Axitinib (AG-013736) in Japanese and Caucasian healthy volunteers. Garrett, M; Hee, B; Klamerus, KJ; Kuruganti, U; Ni, G; Pithavala, YK; Toh, M; Tortorici, M, 2010)	0.36
" Following a full investigation of the physicochemical properties of the molecule and pharmacokinetic modeling, an oral steady-state delivery strategy was designed to administer PHA-408 to the rat for both efficacy and safety studies."	( Combined use of pharmacokinetic modeling and a steady-state delivery approach allows early assessment of IkappaB kinase-2 (IKK-2) target safety and efficacy. Chiang, PC; Kishore, NN; Thompson, DC, 2010)	0.36
"1 breast cancer xenografts and to evaluate the association between the tumor pharmacodynamic biomarker [phosphorylated (p) Akt and phosphorylated proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kDa (pPRAS40)] responses and antitumor efficacy."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of tumor growth inhibition and biomarker modulation by the novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor GDC-0941. Belvin, M; Bradford, D; Edgar, KA; Prior, WW; Salphati, L; Sampath, D; Wallin, JJ; Wong, H, 2010)	0.36
" This study evaluated changes in axitinib plasma pharmacokinetic parameters and assessed safety and tolerability in healthy subjects, following axitinib co-administration with the potent CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole."	( Effect of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics of axitinib in healthy volunteers. Garrett, M; Hee, B; Klamerus, KJ; Mount, J; Pithavala, YK; Rahavendran, SV; Sarapa, N; Selaru, P; Tong, W, 2012)	0.38
" The targeted nanoparticles demonstrated a superior pharmacokinetic profile relative to drug solution and nontargeted nanoparticles, particularly for lonidamine delivery."	( Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of lonidamine/paclitaxel loaded, EGFR-targeted nanoparticles in an orthotopic animal model of multi-drug resistant breast cancer. Amiji, M; Duan, ZF; Milane, L, 2011)	0.37
" The targeted nanoparticles demonstrated a superior pharmacokinetic profile relative to drug solution and nontargeted nanoparticles, paving the way to new therapeutic approaches for multidrug-resistant malignancies."	( Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of lonidamine/paclitaxel loaded, EGFR-targeted nanoparticles in an orthotopic animal model of multi-drug resistant breast cancer. Amiji, M; Duan, ZF; Milane, L, 2011)	0.37
" ABT-102 half-life ranged from 7 to 11 hours, and steady state was achieved by day 5 of dosing."	( Pharmacokinetics of the TRPV1 antagonist ABT-102 in healthy human volunteers: population analysis of data from 3 phase 1 trials. Awni, WM; Dutta, S; Nothaft, W; Othman, AA, 2012)	0.38
" These changes in pharmacokinetic parameters were not associated with increases in the magnitude or duration of short-term (ie, up to 72 h) blood pressure elevation compared with whole-tablet administration."	( A phase I pharmacokinetic and safety evaluation of oral pazopanib dosing administered as crushed tablet or oral suspension in patients with advanced solid tumors. Adams, L; Ball, H; Forman, K; Gainer, S; Heath, EI; LoRusso, P; Malburg, L; Suttle, AB, 2012)	0.38
" Although larger DCE-MRI parameter decreases were associated with larger C(24) and C(max) values, there was no constant relationship between tumor perfusion decreases measured by DCE-MRI and plasma pazopanib pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Phase I dose-finding study of pazopanib in hepatocellular carcinoma: evaluation of early efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Chan, P; Chen, PJ; Curtis, CM; Dar, MM; Gauvin, J; Hodge, JP; Murphy, PS; Poon, RT; Suttle, AB; Yau, T, 2011)	0.37
" The human efficacious doses were predicted based on results from preclinical pharmacokinetic studies and xenograft models."	( Preclinical pharmacokinetics of the novel PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 and prediction of its pharmacokinetics and efficacy in human. Chou, B; Halladay, JS; Olivero, AG; Pang, J; Plise, EG; Rudewicz, PJ; Salphati, L; Tian, Q; Wong, S; Zhang, X, 2011)	0.37
" Axitinib was administered as 5-, 7-, and 10-mg doses under fed conditions in study periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively, followed by pharmacokinetic assessments and safety monitoring."	( A Phase I study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of axitinib (AG-13736) in healthy Chinese volunteers. Chen, Y; Hu, P; Jiang, J; Lu, L; Ni, G; Pithavala, YK; Tortorici, MA; Zhang, J, 2011)	0.37
" The potential contribution of polymorphisms in genes encoding these enzymes and transporters to axitinib pharmacokinetic variability was assessed."	( Meta-analysis of contribution of genetic polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes or transporters to axitinib pharmacokinetics. Brennan, M; Chen, Y; Liu, YC; Pithavala, Y; Tortorici, M; Williams, JA, 2012)	0.38
" None of the polymorphisms analysed was a statistically significant predictor of axitinib pharmacokinetic variability."	( Meta-analysis of contribution of genetic polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes or transporters to axitinib pharmacokinetics. Brennan, M; Chen, Y; Liu, YC; Pithavala, Y; Tortorici, M; Williams, JA, 2012)	0.38
" The pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of axitinib may provide a selective treatment effect while minimizing adverse reactions and enhancing safety."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of axitinib. B Cohen, R; Olszanski, AJ; Patson, B, 2012)	0.38
"This article provides a comprehensive and critical review of the PK properties of axitinib as they relate to safety and tolerability, as well as potential pharmacodynamic and efficacy parameters."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of axitinib. B Cohen, R; Olszanski, AJ; Patson, B, 2012)	0.38
" This work aims to evaluate F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) as a pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarker for linifanib treatment utilizing the Calu-6 model of human non-small cell lung (NSCLC) cancer in SCID-beige mice."	( FDG-PET as a pharmacodynamic biomarker for early assessment of treatment response to linifanib (ABT-869) in a non-small cell lung cancer xenograft model. Albert, DH; Day, M; Fox, GB; Hickson, JA; Luo, Y; Mudd, SR; Refici-Buhr, M; Reuter, DR; Tapang, P; Voorbach, MJ, 2012)	0.38
"For Form IV FCIR, compared with overnight fasting, axitinib plasma exposure [area under the concentration curve (AUC)] was decreased 23 % when administered with food."	( Evaluation of the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of axitinib in healthy volunteers. Chen, Y; Garrett, M; Hee, B; Klamerus, KJ; LaBadie, RR; Mount, J; Ni, G; Pithavala, YK; Selaru, P; Toh, M; Tortorici, MA, 2012)	0.38
"Serial pharmacokinetic and body temperature (oral or core) measurements from three double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies [single dose (2, 6, 18, 30 and 40 mg, solution formulation), multiple dose (2, 4 and 8 mg twice daily for 7 days, solution formulation) and multiple-dose (1, 2 and 4 mg twice daily for 7 days, solid dispersion formulation)] were analyzed."	( Effects of the TRPV1 antagonist ABT-102 on body temperature in healthy volunteers: pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic analysis of three phase 1 trials. Awni, WM; Dutta, S; Nothaft, W; Othman, AA, 2013)	0.39
" During the escalation phase, pazopanib and lapatinib doses were escalated in serial patient cohorts, and a limited blood sampling scheme was applied for pharmacokinetic evaluation."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of pazopanib and lapatinib combination therapy in patients with advanced solid tumors. Arumugham, T; de Jonge, MJ; Hamberg, P; Hodge, J; Hurwitz, HI; Pandite, LN; Savage, S; Suttle, AB; Verweij, J, 2013)	0.39
" This study aimed to develop a robust clinical pharmacodynamic (PD) assay to measure the on-target PD effects of the selective PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 in MM patients."	( Development of a robust flow cytometry-based pharmacodynamic assay to detect phospho-protein signals for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors in multiple myeloma. Anderson, JE; Brauer, MJ; Ebens, A; French, D; Hampton, G; Hegde, P; Howell, K; Humke, E; Huseni, M; Jia, S; Kim, D; Kowanetz, M; Lackner, MR; Lee, J; Li, C; Mashhedi, H; Stankovich, B; Takahashi, C; Yan, Y; Zhang, L, 2013)	0.39
" Axitinib population pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships were evaluated."	( Axitinib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: results of a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis. Dutcher, JP; Garrett, M; Kim, S; Motzer, RJ; Pithavala, YK; Poland, B; Rini, BI; Rixe, O; Stadler, WM; Tarazi, J; Wilding, G, 2013)	0.39
"Plasma concentration-time data from 337 healthy volunteers in 10 phase I studies were analyzed, using non-linear mixed effects modelling (nonmem) to estimate population pharmacokinetic parameters and evaluate relationships between parameters and food, formulation, demographic factors, measures of renal and hepatic function and metabolic genotypes (UGT1A1*28 and CYP2C19)."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of axitinib in healthy volunteers. Amantea, MA; Brennan, M; Garrett, M; Hee, B; Pithavala, YK; Poland, B, 2014)	0.4
" A phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of two formulations of pazopanib was performed in children with STS or other refractory solid tumors."	( Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of pazopanib in children with soft tissue sarcoma and other refractory solid tumors: a children's oncology group phase I consortium report. Ahern, CH; Baruchel, S; Blaney, SM; Glade Bender, JL; Harris, P; Ingle, AM; Lee, A; Reid, JM; Roberts, T; Voss, SD; Weigel, BJ; Wu, B, 2013)	0.39
" Both agents are substrates for ATP-binding cassette family transporters so there is an increased likelihood for pharmacokinetic (PK) drug-drug interactions."	( Combination metronomic oral topotecan and pazopanib: a pharmacokinetic study in patients with gynecological cancer. Harstead, KE; Stewart, CF; Throm, SL; Tillmanns, TD; Turner, DC, 2013)	0.39
" The developed population pharmacokinetic model describes linifanib concentrations adequately and can be used to conduct simulations or to evaluate the linifanib exposure-response relationship."	( Pooled population pharmacokinetic analysis of phase I, II and III studies of linifanib in cancer patients. Carlson, D; Koenig, D; Salem, AH, 2014)	0.4
" Pazopanib pharmacokinetics were evaluated to compare pharmacokinetic parameters given alone and those observed on the day of the bevacizumab administration."	( Pharmacokinetics of pazopanib administered in combination with bevacizumab. Blanc, E; Cassier, P; Chatelut, E; Escudier, B; Hollebecque, A; Imbs, DC; Lafont, T; Négrier, S; Pérol, D; Soria, JC; Varga, A, 2014)	0.4
" Thirty-four patients received dosing regimens to evaluate linifanib pharmacokinetic parameters under fasting and non-fasting conditions and with morning or evening dosing."	( Results of a phase 1, randomized study evaluating the effects of food and diurnal variation on the pharmacokinetics of linifanib. Chiu, YL; LoRusso, P; Ricker, JL; Xiong, H, 2014)	0.4
"The administration with food had a negligible effect on the AUC∞ of linifanib, but the Cmax of linifanib was decreased by 40 % compared to the fasting condition."	( Results of a phase 1, randomized study evaluating the effects of food and diurnal variation on the pharmacokinetics of linifanib. Chiu, YL; LoRusso, P; Ricker, JL; Xiong, H, 2014)	0.4
" Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), safety, pharmacokinetic parameters, and patient-reported outcomes assessed with the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory questionnaire."	( Treatment of advanced thyroid cancer with axitinib: Phase 2 study with pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and quality-of-life assessments. Agate, L; Boucher, A; Bycott, P; Chen, C; Cohen, EE; Ingrosso, A; Jarzab, B; Kane, MA; Kim, S; Licitra, L; Locati, LD; Ou, SH; Pithavala, YK; Qin, S; Wirth, LJ, 2014)	0.4
" Pharmacokinetic results suggested that the overall systemic exposure to SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan, was affected by pazopanib to a greater extent than was the systemic exposure to irinotecan itself."	( A phase I open-label study of the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of pazopanib in combination with irinotecan and cetuximab for relapsed or refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Bennouna, J; Botbyl, J; de Labareyre, C; Delord, JP; Deslandres, M; Ruiz-Soto, R; Senellart, H; Suttle, AB; Wixon, C, 2015)	0.42
" Boxplots of maximum observed plasma concentration (C max) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of data from these tumor populations was compared to C max and AUC from the final population pharmacokinetic model developed for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) to compare axitinib pharmacokinetics across different tumor types."	( Pharmacokinetics of single-agent axitinib across multiple solid tumor types. Cohen, EE; Fruehauf, JP; Garrett, M; Kim, S; Pithavala, YK; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Tortorici, MA, 2014)	0.4
" The final analysis indicated that the pharmacokinetic model for mRCC was able to successfully describe axitinib pharmacokinetics in patients with NSCLC, thyroid cancer, and melanoma."	( Pharmacokinetics of single-agent axitinib across multiple solid tumor types. Cohen, EE; Fruehauf, JP; Garrett, M; Kim, S; Pithavala, YK; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Tortorici, MA, 2014)	0.4
" Ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and pharmacokinetic data were collected in a randomised, double-blind phase II study of axitinib with or without dose titration in previously untreated patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma."	( Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of 24-h diastolic ambulatory blood pressure changes mediated by axitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Bair, AH; Chen, Y; Mugundu, GM; Pithavala, YK; Rini, BI, 2015)	0.42
"We employed a three-stage modelling approach, which included development of (1) a baseline 24-h ABPM model, (2) a pharmacokinetic model from serial and sparse pharmacokinetic data, and (3) an indirect-response, maximum-effect (Emax) model to evaluate the exposure-driven effect of axitinib on dBP."	( Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of 24-h diastolic ambulatory blood pressure changes mediated by axitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Bair, AH; Chen, Y; Mugundu, GM; Pithavala, YK; Rini, BI, 2015)	0.42
" To discover genetic markers that affect VEGFR inhibitor pharmacodynamics, we performed a genome-wide association study of serum soluble vascular VEGFR2 concentrations [sVEGFR2], a pharmacodynamic biomarker for VEGFR2 inhibitors."	( Identification of a variant in KDR associated with serum VEGFR2 and pharmacodynamics of Pazopanib. Bing, N; Cardon, LR; Cheng, YC; Cox, NJ; Das, S; Gamazon, ER; Karrison, TG; Kistner-Griffin, E; Levine, MR; Liu, Y; Maitland, ML; Mitchell, BD; O'Connell, JR; Pandite, LN; Ratain, MJ; Ryan, KA; Shuldiner, AR; Thomeas, V; Torgerson, D; Wilson, PA; Xu, CF, 2015)	0.42
" The pharmacokinetic studies in Wistar rats showed that HL-40 could maintain high compound concentration and long residence time in the blood circulation."	( A novel anticancer diarylurea derivative HL-40 as a multi-kinases inhibitor with good pharmacokinetics in Wistar rats. Li, WB; Lu, YY; Qu, XJ; Wang, RQ; Zhao, CR, 2015)	0.42
" Upon review, the data demonstrated that axitinib can be characterized as not sensitive to ethnic factors based on its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties."	( Axitinib plasma pharmacokinetics and ethnic differences. Chen, Y; Garrett, M; LaBadie, RR; Pithavala, YK; Suzuki, A; Tortorici, MA; Umeyama, Y, 2015)	0.42
" Plasma VEGF and axitinib pharmacokinetic levels were also assessed at specified time points."	( Pharmacodynamic study of axitinib in patients with advanced malignancies assessed with (18)F-3'deoxy-3'fluoro-L-thymidine positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Bruce, JY; Carmichael, LL; Eickhoff, JC; Heideman, JL; Jeraj, R; Kolesar, JM; Liu, G; Perlman, SB; Scully, PC, 2015)	0.42
"Effect of renal function (baseline creatinine clearance [CrCL]) on axitinib clearance was evaluated in a population pharmacokinetic model in 207 patients with advanced solid tumors who received a standard axitinib starting dose, and in 383 healthy volunteers."	( Effect of Renal Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Axitinib. Chen, Y; Dutcher, JP; Garrett, M; Motzer, RJ; Pithavala, YK; Rini, BI; Rixe, O; Stadler, WM; Tarazi, J; Wilding, G, 2016)	0.43
" The population pharmacokinetic model adequately predicted axitinib clearance in individuals with severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease."	( Effect of Renal Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Axitinib. Chen, Y; Dutcher, JP; Garrett, M; Motzer, RJ; Pithavala, YK; Rini, BI; Rixe, O; Stadler, WM; Tarazi, J; Wilding, G, 2016)	0.43
" Pharmacokinetic interactions were evaluated."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction between pazopanib and cisplatin regimen. Bachelot, T; Campone, M; Chatelut, E; Diéras, V; Imbs, DC; Isambert, N; Jimenez, M; Joly, F; Lafont, T, 2016)	0.43
"By limiting cold ischemia time to less than two minutes, the pharmacodynamic effects of the MET inhibitors PHA665752 and PF02341066 (crizotinib) were quantifiable using core needle biopsies of human gastric carcinoma xenografts (GTL-16 and SNU5)."	( Pharmacodynamic Response of the MET/HGF Receptor to Small-Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Examined with Validated, Fit-for-Clinic Immunoassays. Borgel, S; Bottaro, DP; Doroshow, JH; Evrard, YA; Hollingshead, MG; Ji, JJ; Khin, SA; Kinders, RJ; Linehan, WM; Navas, T; Parchment, RE; Pfister, TD; Srivastava, AK; Tomaszewski, JE; Weiner, J; Zhang, Y, 2016)	0.43
"These validated immunoassays for pharmacodynamic biomarkers of MET signaling are suitable for studying MET responses in amplified cancers as well as compensatory responses to VEGFR blockade."	( Pharmacodynamic Response of the MET/HGF Receptor to Small-Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Examined with Validated, Fit-for-Clinic Immunoassays. Borgel, S; Bottaro, DP; Doroshow, JH; Evrard, YA; Hollingshead, MG; Ji, JJ; Khin, SA; Kinders, RJ; Linehan, WM; Navas, T; Parchment, RE; Pfister, TD; Srivastava, AK; Tomaszewski, JE; Weiner, J; Zhang, Y, 2016)	0.43
" This study was conducted to develop a population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model describing the complex pharmacokinetics of pazopanib in cancer patients."	( Development of a Pharmacokinetic Model to Describe the Complex Pharmacokinetics of Pazopanib in Cancer Patients. Beijnen, JH; Bins, S; Huitema, AD; Mathijssen, RH; Schellens, JH; Steeghs, N; van Erp, N; Yu, H, 2017)	0.46
" In summary, we provide an overview of the complex pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of pazopanib and, based on the available data, we propose optimized dosing strategies."	( Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Pazopanib: Towards Optimized Dosing. Beijnen, JH; Huitema, ADR; Schellens, JHM; Steeghs, N; Verheijen, RB, 2017)	0.46
" In part B of the study (primary aim pharmacodynamic dose-response, N = 36 patients), GSK2269557 100, 200, 500, 700, 1000, 2000 μg or placebo was given for 14 days."	( Safety, pharmacokinetics and dose-response characteristics of GSK2269557, an inhaled PI3Kδ inhibitor under development for the treatment of COPD. Begg, M; Cahn, A; Dunsire, L; Fuhr, R; Galinanes-Garcia, L; Hamblin, JN; Hessel, EM; Kirsten, AM; Leemereise, CN; Montembault, M; Sriskantharajah, S; Watz, H; Wilson, R, 2017)	0.46
"The magnitude of interindividual pharmacokinetic variability (IIV) of a drug and the factors responsible for this variability are intensively studied before-and sometimes after-registration as crucial information in anticipating and understanding variability in toxicity and efficacy."	( Intraindividual Pharmacokinetic Variability: Focus on Small-Molecule Kinase Inhibitors. Bruno, R; Chatelut, E; Ratain, MJ, 2018)	0.48
"The study successfully identified a Phase III formulation with a reduced SLS content, which when administered following a low-fat meal, gave comparable pharmacokinetic exposure to the Phase I/II formulation administered under the same conditions."	( Application of a Novel 'Make and Test in Parallel' Strategy to Investigate the Effect of Formulation on the Pharmacokinetics of GDC-0810 in Healthy Subjects. Cheeti, S; Chen, B; Gates, M; Girish, S; Hou, HH; Liu, L; Morley, R; Musib, L; Nelson, E; Sahasranaman, S; Walker, H, 2018)	0.48
" Metabolic stability studies were also performed to investigate the half-life and clearance rates using an Agilent 6470A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer."	( In vitro metabolism of the synthetic cannabinoids PX-1, PX-2, and PX-3 by high-resolution mass spectrometry and their clearance rates in human liver microsomes. Bell, S; Cooman, T, 2019)	0.51
" Currently, multiple oral TKIs have been introduced in the treatment of solid tumours, all administered in a fixed dose, although large interpatient pharmacokinetic (PK) variability is described."	( Imatinib, sunitinib and pazopanib: From flat-fixed dosing towards a pharmacokinetically guided personalized dose. Desar, IME; Steeghs, N; van der Graaf, WTA; van Erp, NP; Westerdijk, K, 2020)	0.56
" Pharmacokinetic sampling was performed at steady-state for both dosing schedules."	( Cost-Neutral Optimization of Pazopanib Exposure by Splitting Intake Moments: A Prospective Pharmacokinetic Study in Cancer Patients. Beijnen, JH; de Vries, N; Groenland, SL; Huitema, ADR; Koolen, SLW; Mathijssen, RHJ; Rosing, H; Steeghs, N; Thijssen, B; van Eerden, RAG; Verheijen, RB, 2020)	0.56
"Entrectinib was absorbed in a dose-dependent manner with maximum concentrations at ~4 h postdose and an elimination half-life of ~20 h."	( Characterization of the pharmacokinetics of entrectinib and its active M5 metabolite in healthy volunteers and patients with solid tumors. Bentley, D; Brink, A; Buchheit, V; Chow-Maneval, E; Djebli, N; Guerini, E; Kowalski, K; Meneses-Lorente, G; Mercier, F; Phipps, A; Yu, L, 2021)	0.62
"Niraparib (200 or 300 mg/day) was tolerable and had a favourable pharmacokinetic profile in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumours."	( The safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of niraparib in Japanese patients with solid tumours: results of a phase I dose-escalation study. Iwasa, S; Kase, Y; Kitano, S; Kondo, S; Koyama, T; Sato, J; Shibaki, R; Shimizu, T; Shimomura, A; Sumino, S; Suri, A; Tamura, K; Yamamoto, N; Yonemori, K, 2021)	0.62
" The use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models has gained importance and is nowadays a standard tool for food effect predictions at preclinical and clinical stages in the pharmaceutical industry."	( Use of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Predicting Drug-Food Interactions: Recommendations for Improving Predictive Performance of Low Confidence Food Effect Models. Emami Riedmaier, A; Kesisoglou, F; Parrott, N; Pepin, XJH; Wagner, C, 2021)	0.62
"Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling has evolved to accommodate different routes of drug administration and enables prediction of drug concentrations in tissues as well as plasma."	( Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Inhaled Nemiralisib: Mechanistic Components for Pulmonary Absorption, Systemic Distribution, and Oral Absorption. Amour, A; Edwards, CD; Graves, RH; Harrell, AW; Hessel, EM; Miller, NA; O'Brien, B; Patel, A; Robb, O; Taylor, E, 2022)	0.72
" We describe development of a combined physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for entrectinib and M5 to support dosing recommendations when entrectinib is co-administered with CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers."	( Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Entrectinib Parent and Active Metabolite to Support Regulatory Decision-Making. Buchheit, V; Cleary, Y; Djebli, N; Fowler, S; Frey, N; Guerini, E; Meneses-Lorente, G; Mercier, F; Parrott, N; Phipps, A; Yu, L, 2021)	0.62
" Although high serum concentrations of M7 (and other active metabolites) have been suggested to contribute to 5F-MDMB-PINACA toxicity, the affinity of M7 for CB1 receptors is unknown and more complete pharmacodynamic characterization of 5F-MDMB-PINACA and its active metabolites is needed."	( Metabolites of Synthetic Cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-PINACA Retain Affinity, Act as High Efficacy Agonists and Exhibit Atypical Pharmacodynamic Properties at CB1 Receptors. Cabanlong, CV; Fantegrossi, WE; Prather, PL; Russell, LN, 2022)	0.72
" The terminal half-life following repeated dosing was 25-31 hours and steady state conditions for velsecorat in plasma were generally reached within 4 doses."	( Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator Velsecorat (AZD7594) Following Inhalation in Healthy Volunteers. Aggarwal, A; Aurivillius, M; Chen, Y; Eriksson, UG; Prothon, S; Tehler, U, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
") alone or in combination with haloperidol (0."	( Effects produced by acute and chronic treatment with granisetron alone or in combination with haloperidol on midbrain dopamine neurons. Ashby, CR; Minabe, Y; Wang, RY, 1992)	0.28
"The effect of Lonidamine (LND) alone or combined with the antiestrogen Tamoxifen (TAM) or Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on cell proliferation and steroid hormone receptor content of a human estrogen sensitive breast cancer cell line was investigated."	( Antitumor effect of lonidamine alone or combined with tamoxifen or medroxyprogesterone acetate in breast cancer cells. Angelucći, C; Della Cuna, GR; Iacopino, F; Lama, G; Marchetti, P; Sica, G, )	0.13
" When cisplatin was combined with lonidamine a synergistic interaction was observed when cells were exposed to 10 microM cisplatin for 1 hour combined with lonidamine at concentrations of 50 micrograms/ml or greater."	( The in vitro effects of lonidamine combined with cisplatin in human small cell lung cancer cell lines. Danjoux, CE; Evans, WK; Feeley, MM; Ko, D; Maroun, JA; Raaphorst, GP, )	0.13
"The tolerance and antitumor activity of Lonidamine administered alone and in combination with other anticancer agents were studied."	( Lonidamine alone and in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of cancer patients. Biglietto, M; Carteni, G; De Cesare, M; Pacilio, G, 1984)	0.27
" This observation indicates that in combination with hyperthermia lonidamine has some potential for the treatment of cancer; moreover, it suggests that hyperthermia might reproduce a metabolic condition occurring in some stages of the disease."	( Effects of lonidamine alone or combined with hyperthermia in some experimental cell and tumour systems. Cioli, V; De Martino, C; Hahn, GM; Silvestrini, B, 1983)	0.27
"We have used a panel of bladder cancer cell lines to compare the toxicities of Adriamycin and epirubicin, two drugs used intravesically to treat superficial transitional cell cancer (TCC) of the bladder, alone and in combination with lonidamine, an agent known to be active against anthracycline-resistant disease."	( Relative cytotoxicities of adriamycin and epirubicin in combination with lonidamine against human bladder cancer cell lines. Coptcoat, M; Masters, JR; Popert, RJ; Zupi, G, 1995)	0.29
" A potentiation of the activity of all these DNA-damaging drugs was achieved when each was given in combination with lonidamine, but for doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide the increase in antitumor activity paralleled the increase in lethal toxicity."	( Efficacy of lonidamine combined with different DNA-damaging agents in the treatment of the MX-1 tumor xenograft. De Cesare, M; Pratesi, G; Zunino, F, 1996)	0.29
" Hence, in the present study, its (100 and 200 mg/kg) action was tested alone and in combination with phenobarbitone (20 mg/kg) and diazepam (0."	( Effect of 7-nitroindazole alone and in combination with phenobarbitone and diazepam on picrotoxin-induced convulsions in rats. Ekambaram, P; Paul, V, 2003)	0.32
" In contrast, the cytotoxic drug temozolomide, when used in combination with HIF-1alpha knockdown, exhibited a superadditive and likely synergistic therapeutic effect compared with the monotherapy of either treatment alone in the D54MG glioma model."	( Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 inhibition in combination with temozolomide treatment exhibits robust antitumor efficacy in vivo. Albert, DH; Fesik, SW; Li, L; Lin, X; Shen, Y; Shoemaker, AR, 2006)	0.33
"Our results show that the DNA alkylating agent temozolomide exhibits robust antitumor efficacy when used in combination with HIF-1 inhibition in D54MG-derived tumors, suggesting that the combination of temozolomide with HIF-1 inhibitors might be an effective regimen for cancer therapy."	( Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 inhibition in combination with temozolomide treatment exhibits robust antitumor efficacy in vivo. Albert, DH; Fesik, SW; Li, L; Lin, X; Shen, Y; Shoemaker, AR, 2006)	0.33
"Patients with previously treated solid tumors received axitinib (starting dose 5 mg twice daily) combined with FOLFOX plus bevacizumab (1, 2, or 5 mg/kg, cohorts 1-3, respectively), FOLFIRI (cohort 4), or FOLFOX (cohort 5)."	( A phase I study of axitinib (AG-013736) in combination with bevacizumab plus chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and other solid tumors. Abhyankar, V; Burgess, RE; Chen, Y; Infante, J; Kim, S; Robles, RL; Sharma, S; Tarazi, J; Tortorici, M; Trowbridge, RC, 2010)	0.36
"Axitinib is well tolerated in combination with FOLFOX, FOLFIRI, or FOLFOX plus 2 mg/kg bevacizumab."	( A phase I study of axitinib (AG-013736) in combination with bevacizumab plus chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and other solid tumors. Abhyankar, V; Burgess, RE; Chen, Y; Infante, J; Kim, S; Robles, RL; Sharma, S; Tarazi, J; Tortorici, M; Trowbridge, RC, 2010)	0.36
" To evaluate further the potential therapeutic impact of metronomic chemotherapy for ovarian cancer, we developed a preclinical model of advanced human ovarian cancer and tested various low-dose metronomic chemotherapy regimens alone or in concurrent combination with an antiangiogenic drug, pazopanib."	( Potent preclinical impact of metronomic low-dose oral topotecan combined with the antiangiogenic drug pazopanib for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Cruz-Munoz, W; Hashimoto, K; Kerbel, RS; Kumar, R; Man, S; Tang, T; Xu, P, 2010)	0.36
"To evaluate the maximum tolerated regimen (MTR), dose-limiting toxicities, and pharmacokinetics of pazopanib, an oral small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and c-Kit, in combination with paclitaxel."	( Phase I study of pazopanib in combination with weekly paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors. Arumugham, T; Burris, HA; Dar, MM; Dowlati, A; Fang, L; Gainer, SD; Hodge, JP; Infante, JR; Jones, SF; Lager, JJ; Nishioka, J; Suttle, AB; Tan, AR, 2010)	0.36
"Pazopanib, at a dose of 800 mg daily, can be safely combined with a therapeutic dose of paclitaxel at 80 mg/m(2) when administered on days 1, 8, and 15, every 28 days."	( Phase I study of pazopanib in combination with weekly paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors. Arumugham, T; Burris, HA; Dar, MM; Dowlati, A; Fang, L; Gainer, SD; Hodge, JP; Infante, JR; Jones, SF; Lager, JJ; Nishioka, J; Suttle, AB; Tan, AR, 2010)	0.36
" The safety and pharmacokinetics of axitinib in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer was evaluated in the phase I portion of this trial."	( Phase I study of axitinib (AG-013736) in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Kim, S; Moore, MJ; Pithavala, YK; Ricart, AD; Rixe, O; Spano, JP, 2012)	0.38
" This 3 + 3 dose-escalation phase I study evaluated the maximum-tolerated regimen (MTR) of daily pazopanib in combination with paclitaxel 175 mg/m(2) and carboplatin [dosed at area under the curve (AUC) 5 or 6] given every 21 days in patients with advanced solid tumors."	( Phase I study of pazopanib in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin given every 21 days in patients with advanced solid tumors. Ball, HA; Burris, HA; Dar, MM; Dowlati, A; Gainer, SD; Infante, JR; Jones, SF; Levinson, KT; Lindquist, D; Moss, RA; Spigel, DR; Suttle, AB; Tan, AR, 2012)	0.38
"This phase I dose-finding trial evaluated safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of axitinib, a potent and selective second-generation inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, combined with platinum doublets in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other solid tumours."	( Phase I trial of axitinib combined with platinum doublets in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and other solid tumours. Arriola, E; Cohen, RB; De Castro Carpeño, J; Herbst, RS; Kim, S; Kozloff, MF; Krzakowski, M; Martin, LP; Olszanski, AJ; Rado, TA; Rosbrook, B; Samuel, TA; Tarazi, J; Tortorici, M, 2012)	0.38
" may be combined with standard paclitaxel/carboplatin or gemcitabine/cisplatin regimens without evidence of overt drug-drug interactions."	( Phase I trial of axitinib combined with platinum doublets in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and other solid tumours. Arriola, E; Cohen, RB; De Castro Carpeño, J; Herbst, RS; Kim, S; Kozloff, MF; Krzakowski, M; Martin, LP; Olszanski, AJ; Rado, TA; Rosbrook, B; Samuel, TA; Tarazi, J; Tortorici, M, 2012)	0.38
" This phase I study investigated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and antitumour activity of axitinib combined with chemotherapy."	( Phase I study of axitinib combined with paclitaxel, docetaxel or capecitabine in patients with advanced solid tumours. Chen, Y; Cohen, RB; Herbst, RS; Kim, S; Kozloff, MF; Martin, LP; Olszanski, AJ; Rado, T; Rosbrook, B; Samuel, TA; Starr, A; Tarazi, J; Tortorici, M, 2012)	0.38
"Axitinib combined with paclitaxel or capecitabine was well tolerated; no additive increase in toxicities was observed."	( Phase I study of axitinib combined with paclitaxel, docetaxel or capecitabine in patients with advanced solid tumours. Chen, Y; Cohen, RB; Herbst, RS; Kim, S; Kozloff, MF; Martin, LP; Olszanski, AJ; Rado, T; Rosbrook, B; Samuel, TA; Starr, A; Tarazi, J; Tortorici, M, 2012)	0.38
"Our findings suggest that GDC-0941, either alone or in combination with rapamycin, may serve as a new, promising approach for breast cancer treatment."	( The antitumor effect of GDC-0941 alone and in combination with rapamycin in breast cancer cells. Yao, J; Zheng, J; Zou, X, 2012)	0.38
"In a modified 3 + 3 enrollment scheme, oral once-daily pazopanib was administered with intravenous gemcitabine (Days 1 and 8, 21-day cycles)."	( A Phase I study of pazopanib in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors. Ball, HA; Botbyl, J; Gibson, DM; Jeffels, M; Madi, A; Nokay, B; Plummer, R; Richly, H; Rubin, S; Scheulen, ME; Weller, S, 2013)	0.39
"To describe 12-month rates and patterns of coprescription of drugs that potentially create drug-drug interactions (DDIs) through shared metabolic or transport pathways for 9 enzyme-targeted kinase inhibitor oral antineoplastic drugs (OADs)."	( Twelve-month frequency of drug-metabolizing enzyme and transporter-based drug-drug interaction potential in patients receiving oral enzyme-targeted kinase inhibitor antineoplastic agents. Bowlin, SJ; Robinson, KD; Stanek, EJ; Wang, W; Xia, F, 2013)	0.39
"Pazopanib combined with FOLFOX6 or reduced CapeOx was adequately tolerated in this patient population."	( An open-label study of the safety and tolerability of pazopanib in combination with FOLFOX6 or CapeOx in patients with colorectal cancer. Adams, LM; Botbyl, J; Brady, J; Chau, I; Corrie, P; Digumarti, R; Laubscher, KH; Mallath, M; Midgley, RS, 2013)	0.39
" Taken together, these data suggest the efficacy of agents that target the MAPK and PI3K pathways can be improved by combination with a Bcl-2 family inhibitor."	( Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibition increases the efficacy of MEK inhibition alone and in combination with PI3 kinase inhibition in lung and pancreatic tumor models. Belmont, LD; Fairbrother, WJ; Hong, R; Lee, LB; Nannini, MA; Price, S; Sampath, D; Savy, PP; Settleman, J; Tan, N; Williams, K; Wong, M; Yue, P, 2013)	0.39
" We conducted a dose-finding and pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamics study of pazopanib combined with two different schedules of ifosfamide."	( Pazopanib exposure decreases as a result of an ifosfamide-dependent drug-drug interaction: results of a phase I study. Boers-Sonderen, MJ; de Bruijn, P; Eskens, FA; Hamberg, P; Sleijfer, S; Suttle, AB; van der Graaf, WT; van Herpen, CM; Verweij, J, 2014)	0.4
"In a 3+3+3 design, patients with advanced solid tumours received escalating doses of oral pazopanib combined with ifosfamide either given 3 days continuously or given 3-h bolus infusion daily for 3 days (9 g m(-2) per cycle, every 3 weeks)."	( Pazopanib exposure decreases as a result of an ifosfamide-dependent drug-drug interaction: results of a phase I study. Boers-Sonderen, MJ; de Bruijn, P; Eskens, FA; Hamberg, P; Sleijfer, S; Suttle, AB; van der Graaf, WT; van Herpen, CM; Verweij, J, 2014)	0.4
" Pazopanib with continuous ifosfamide infusion appeared to be safe up to 1000 mg per day, while combination with bolus infusion ifosfamide turned out to be too toxic based on a variety of adverse events."	( Pazopanib exposure decreases as a result of an ifosfamide-dependent drug-drug interaction: results of a phase I study. Boers-Sonderen, MJ; de Bruijn, P; Eskens, FA; Hamberg, P; Sleijfer, S; Suttle, AB; van der Graaf, WT; van Herpen, CM; Verweij, J, 2014)	0.4
"Continuous as opposed to bolus infusion ifosfamide can safely be combined with pazopanib."	( Pazopanib exposure decreases as a result of an ifosfamide-dependent drug-drug interaction: results of a phase I study. Boers-Sonderen, MJ; de Bruijn, P; Eskens, FA; Hamberg, P; Sleijfer, S; Suttle, AB; van der Graaf, WT; van Herpen, CM; Verweij, J, 2014)	0.4
"This randomized open-label phase II study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of pazopanib in combination with pemetrexed compared with the standard cisplatin/pemetrexed doublet in patients with previously untreated, advanced, nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer."	( An open-label, multicenter, randomized, phase II study of pazopanib in combination with pemetrexed in first-line treatment of patients with advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. Besse, B; Bosquee, L; Chouaid, C; Felip, E; Lechevalier, T; Lianes-Barragán, P; Mellemgaard, A; Ottesen, LH; Paul, EM; Reck, M; Ruiz-Soto, R; Scagliotti, GV; Sigal, E; von Pawel, J, 2013)	0.39
", in a week-on/week-off schedule, combined with FOLFIRI or FOLFOX."	( Intermittent dosing of axitinib combined with chemotherapy is supported by (18)FLT-PET in gastrointestinal tumours. Bendell, JC; Burris, HA; Hoh, CK; Infante, JR; Kim, S; Reid, TR; Rosbrook, B; Tarazi, J, 2014)	0.4
"Axitinib administered in a week-on/week-off schedule combined with FOLFIRI or FOLFOX is supported by (18)FLT-PET data and was well tolerated in patients with gastrointestinal tumours."	( Intermittent dosing of axitinib combined with chemotherapy is supported by (18)FLT-PET in gastrointestinal tumours. Bendell, JC; Burris, HA; Hoh, CK; Infante, JR; Kim, S; Reid, TR; Rosbrook, B; Tarazi, J, 2014)	0.4
"A phase 1 study of pazopanib alone or in combination with lapatinib was conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of these oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Japanese patients with solid tumors."	( Phase 1 study of pazopanib alone or combined with lapatinib in Japanese patients with solid tumors. Ando, Y; Araki, K; Inada-Inoue, M; Ishida, H; Kawada, K; Mitsuma, A; Mizuno, K; Nagamatsu, K; Nagashima, F; Sasaki, Y; Sawaki, M; Sunakawa, Y; Takekura, A; Yamashita, K; Yokoyama, T, 2014)	0.4
"We assessed the maximum tolerated regimen (MTR) and dose-limiting toxicities of pazopanib and lapatinib in combination with weekly paclitaxel, and the effect of pazopanib and lapatinib on paclitaxel pharmacokinetics."	( Phase I study of weekly paclitaxel in combination with pazopanib and lapatinib in advanced solid malignancies. Bendell, J; Burris, HA; Dowlati, A; Infante, JR; Jones, SF; Kane, MP; Levinson, KT; Stein, MN; Suttle, AB; Tan, AR, 2014)	0.4
"Pazopanib 400 mg per day and lapatinib 1000 mg per day can be combined with paclitaxel 80 mg m(-2) in 28-day cycles."	( Phase I study of weekly paclitaxel in combination with pazopanib and lapatinib in advanced solid malignancies. Bendell, J; Burris, HA; Dowlati, A; Infante, JR; Jones, SF; Kane, MP; Levinson, KT; Stein, MN; Suttle, AB; Tan, AR, 2014)	0.4
" We aimed to investigate the antitumor activity of axitinib alone or combined with chemotherapeutic drugs against human gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo."	( Axitinib alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs exerts potent antitumor activity against human gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Gao, J; Ge, S; He, Q; Li, Y; Peng, Z; Shen, L; Wang, T, 2014)	0.4
" Axitinib combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) had synergistic inhibitory effect compared to axitinib or 5-FU alone."	( Axitinib alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs exerts potent antitumor activity against human gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Gao, J; Ge, S; He, Q; Li, Y; Peng, Z; Shen, L; Wang, T, 2014)	0.4
"We highlighted for the first time that axitinib alone or in combination with 5-fluorouracil or cisplatin has potent antitumor activity against human gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo, which provided solid evidence for future clinical trial."	( Axitinib alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs exerts potent antitumor activity against human gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Gao, J; Ge, S; He, Q; Li, Y; Peng, Z; Shen, L; Wang, T, 2014)	0.4
" This phase 1 dose-escalation study evaluated the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of linifanib in combination with carboplatin/paclitaxel in Japanese patients with advanced NSCLC."	( A phase 1 study of linifanib in combination with carboplatin/paclitaxel as first-line treatment of Japanese patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Carlson, DM; Horai, T; Horiike, A; Horinouchi, H; Kaneda, H; McKee, MD; Nakagawa, K; Nishio, M; Nokihara, H; Ohyanagi, F; Okabe, T; Tamura, T; Terashima, M; Xiong, H; Yamamoto, N, 2014)	0.4
" Linifanib Cmax occurred at 2-3 h with both doses and when given alone or in combination with carboplatin/paclitaxel."	( A phase 1 study of linifanib in combination with carboplatin/paclitaxel as first-line treatment of Japanese patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Carlson, DM; Horai, T; Horiike, A; Horinouchi, H; Kaneda, H; McKee, MD; Nakagawa, K; Nishio, M; Nokihara, H; Ohyanagi, F; Okabe, T; Tamura, T; Terashima, M; Xiong, H; Yamamoto, N, 2014)	0.4
" This study aimed to evaluate the maximum tolerated regimen (MTR), safety, and pharmacokinetics of pazopanib in combination with irinotecan and cetuximab in adult patients with relapsed or refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC)."	( A phase I open-label study of the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of pazopanib in combination with irinotecan and cetuximab for relapsed or refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Bennouna, J; Botbyl, J; de Labareyre, C; Delord, JP; Deslandres, M; Ruiz-Soto, R; Senellart, H; Suttle, AB; Wixon, C, 2015)	0.42
"This was a Phase I, 3 + 3 design, open-label, dose-escalation study (NCT0050943; VEG108925) conducted in sequential cohorts to determine the MTR of pazopanib and irinotecan administered with cetuximab."	( A phase I open-label study of the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of pazopanib in combination with irinotecan and cetuximab for relapsed or refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Bennouna, J; Botbyl, J; de Labareyre, C; Delord, JP; Deslandres, M; Ruiz-Soto, R; Senellart, H; Suttle, AB; Wixon, C, 2015)	0.42
"The MTR was determined to be 400 mg pazopanib per day orally in combination with 150 mg/m(2) irinotecan biweekly and 250 mg/m(2) cetuximab weekly by infusion."	( A phase I open-label study of the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of pazopanib in combination with irinotecan and cetuximab for relapsed or refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Bennouna, J; Botbyl, J; de Labareyre, C; Delord, JP; Deslandres, M; Ruiz-Soto, R; Senellart, H; Suttle, AB; Wixon, C, 2015)	0.42
"This study was designed to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and clinical activity of pazopanib combined with paclitaxel to determine the recommended phase II dose in the first-line setting in patients with advanced solid tumors."	( A multicenter phase I study of pazopanib in combination with paclitaxel in first-line treatment of patients with advanced solid tumors. Compton, N; Kendra, KL; O'Brien, ME; Ottesen, LH; Paul, EM; Plummer, R; Salgia, R; Suttle, AB; Villalona-Calero, MA; Xu, CF, 2015)	0.42
" We explored multiple intermittent dose levels of pazopanib combined with continuous daily dosing of lapatinib in patients with solid tumors."	( A phase 1 study of intermittently administered pazopanib in combination with continuous daily dosing of lapatinib in patients with solid tumors. Fu, S; George, GC; Henary, H; Hong, DS; Kurzrock, R; Mistry, R; Naing, A; Piha-Paul, S; Wheler, J; Zinner, R, 2015)	0.42
"Every other day dosing of pazopanib combined with daily lapatinib was tolerated at the established MTD, but no complete or partial tumor responses were observed at these dose levels."	( A phase 1 study of intermittently administered pazopanib in combination with continuous daily dosing of lapatinib in patients with solid tumors. Fu, S; George, GC; Henary, H; Hong, DS; Kurzrock, R; Mistry, R; Naing, A; Piha-Paul, S; Wheler, J; Zinner, R, 2015)	0.42
"This phase I study evaluated the safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and pharmacokinetics of two dosing schedules of oral topotecan in combination with pazopanib in patients with advanced solid tumours."	( Phase I and pharmacological study of pazopanib in combination with oral topotecan in patients with advanced solid tumours. Devriese, LA; Giantonio, BJ; Kerklaan, BM; Lane, S; Langenberg, M; Legenne, P; Lolkema, MP; Mergui-Roelvink, M; Mykulowycz, K; Nol-Boekel, A; Schellens, JH; Smith, DA; Stoebenau, J; Voest, EE; Wissel, P; Witteveen, PO, 2015)	0.42
" In stage II, the MTD and safety profile of oral topotecan given weekly on days 1, 8 and 15 in a 28-day cycle; or daily-times-five on days 1-5 in a 21-day cycle, both in combination with daily pazopanib, were explored."	( Phase I and pharmacological study of pazopanib in combination with oral topotecan in patients with advanced solid tumours. Devriese, LA; Giantonio, BJ; Kerklaan, BM; Lane, S; Langenberg, M; Legenne, P; Lolkema, MP; Mergui-Roelvink, M; Mykulowycz, K; Nol-Boekel, A; Schellens, JH; Smith, DA; Stoebenau, J; Voest, EE; Wissel, P; Witteveen, PO, 2015)	0.42
" The removal of AZD4547 from the optimized drug combination resulted in 80% of cell viability inhibition, while still maintaining the synergistic interaction."	( A streamlined search technology for identification of synergistic drug combinations. Berndsen, RH; Ding, X; Dyson, PJ; Griffioen, AW; Ho, CM; Nowak-Sliwinska, P; van den Bergh, H; Weiss, A, 2015)	0.42
" The existence of a drug-drug interaction should be investigated when pazopanib is associated with a substrate of these transporters."	( Inhibition of OCT2, MATE1 and MATE2-K as a possible mechanism of drug interaction between pazopanib and cisplatin. Chatelut, E; Delmas, C; Deluche, T; Hennebelle, I; Imbs, DC; Sauzay, C; Thomas, F; White-Koning, M, 2016)	0.43
" When combined with sunitinib, dalantercept induced tumor necrosis and prevented tumor regrowth and revascularization typically seen with sunitinib monotherapy in two RCC models."	( Inhibition of ALK1 signaling with dalantercept combined with VEGFR TKI leads to tumor stasis in renal cell carcinoma. Alimzhanov, M; Alsop, DC; Atkins, MB; Bhasin, MK; Bhatt, RS; Callea, M; Khanna, P; Kumar, R; Mier, JW; Pearsall, RS; Signoretti, S; Solban, N; Song, J; Wang, X, 2016)	0.43
" Areas covered: Clinical pharmacology, drug-drug interactions and safety data published on pazopanib, between January 2006 and April 2016, are reviewed."	( Clinical pharmacology, drug-drug interactions and safety of pazopanib: a review. Alexandre, J; Arrondeau, J; Blanchet, B; Boudou-Rouquette, P; Goldwasser, F; Huillard, O; Jouinot, A; Thomas-Schoemann, A; Tlemsani, C; Vidal, M, 2016)	0.43
" This study aimed to evaluate the pan-PI3K inhibitor pictilisib in combination with first-line treatment regimens that were the standard of care at the time of study, in patients with NSCLC."	( A phase IB dose-escalation study of the safety and pharmacokinetics of pictilisib in combination with either paclitaxel and carboplatin (with or without bevacizumab) or pemetrexed and cisplatin (with or without bevacizumab) in patients with advanced non-s Adjei, AA; Bahleda, R; Besse, B; Dy, GK; Ferte, C; Groen, HJM; Lin, W; Morrissey, K; Planchard, D; Schutzman, JL; Shankar, G; Soria, JC; Ware, J; Zhou, J, 2017)	0.46
" Pazopanib combinations did demonstrate safety in combination with other agents."	( Outcomes of patients with sarcoma enrolled in clinical trials of pazopanib combined with histone deacetylase, mTOR, Her2, or MEK inhibitors. Benjamin, RS; Dembla, V; Fu, S; Groisberg, R; Herzog, CE; Hess, K; Hong, DS; Janku, F; Karp, DD; Meric-Bernstam, F; Patel, S; Piha-Paul, SA; Ravi, V; Roszik, J; Somaiah, N; Subbiah, V; Wheler, J; Zinner, R, 2017)	0.46
"This phase II study evaluated the safety and clinical activity of pazopanib, a potent and mutlitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs)-1, -2 and -3, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α and β, and cKit, in combination with metronomic paclitaxel in patients with metastatic melanoma."	( Phase II study of pazopanib in combination with paclitaxel in patients with metastatic melanoma. El-Masry, M; Fruehauf, JP; Jakowatz, JG; Osann, K; Parmakhtiar, B; Yamamoto, M, 2018)	0.48
"This phase Ib study (NCT00960960) evaluated pictilisib (GDC-0941; pan-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor) plus paclitaxel, with and without bevacizumab or trastuzumab, or in combination with letrozole, in patients with locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer."	( A phase Ib study of pictilisib (GDC-0941) in combination with paclitaxel, with and without bevacizumab or trastuzumab, and with letrozole in advanced breast cancer. Cresta, S; Damian, S; Gendreau, S; Mayer, IA; Morrissey, KM; Ng, VW; Rooney, I; Schöffski, P; Singel, SM; Spoerke, JM; Wildiers, H; Winer, E, 2018)	0.48
" There was no pictilisib-paclitaxel drug-drug interaction."	( A phase Ib study of pictilisib (GDC-0941) in combination with paclitaxel, with and without bevacizumab or trastuzumab, and with letrozole in advanced breast cancer. Cresta, S; Damian, S; Gendreau, S; Mayer, IA; Morrissey, KM; Ng, VW; Rooney, I; Schöffski, P; Singel, SM; Spoerke, JM; Wildiers, H; Winer, E, 2018)	0.48
" However, there is limited available data on Dmab toxicity in combination with AA therapies in patients with kidney cancer."	( Denosumab Toxicity When Combined With Anti-angiogenic Therapies on Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A GETUG Study. Albiges, L; Barthélémy, P; Bouleftour, W; Chevreau, C; Culine, S; Espenel, S; Fizazi, K; Gravis, G; Guillot, A; Houede, N; Joly, C; Mahammedi, H; Meriaux, E; Negrier, S; Oriol, M; Pouessel, D; Roubaud, G; Tartas, S; Tinquaut, F; Vassal, C, 2019)	0.51
"The incidence of ONJ was high in this real-life population of patients with mRCC treated with AA therapies combined with Dmab."	( Denosumab Toxicity When Combined With Anti-angiogenic Therapies on Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A GETUG Study. Albiges, L; Barthélémy, P; Bouleftour, W; Chevreau, C; Culine, S; Espenel, S; Fizazi, K; Gravis, G; Guillot, A; Houede, N; Joly, C; Mahammedi, H; Meriaux, E; Negrier, S; Oriol, M; Pouessel, D; Roubaud, G; Tartas, S; Tinquaut, F; Vassal, C, 2019)	0.51
" The open-label, parallel-cohort, dose-escalation, phase I CheckMate 016 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of nivolumab in combination with antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors or ipilimumab."	( Safety and efficacy of nivolumab in combination with sunitinib or pazopanib in advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the CheckMate 016 study. Amin, A; Bauer, TM; Berghorn, E; Carducci, M; Ernstoff, MS; Hammers, HJ; Heng, DYC; Knox, J; Kollmannsberger, C; Lewis, LD; McDermott, DF; Plimack, ER; Rini, BI; Spratlin, J; Voss, MH; Yang, L, 2018)	0.48
" Here, we have evaluated the efficacy of the pan-Aurora inhibitor (CCT137690) alone and in combination with different chemotherapeutic and targeted drugs to identify its synergistic partners in oral cancer cell lines (ORL-48 and ORL-115)."	( Identification and evaluation of novel drug combinations of Aurora kinase inhibitor CCT137690 for enhanced efficacy in oral cancer cells. Ashfaq, Z; Bilal, A; Faisal, A; Furqan, M; Huma, Z; Hussain, I; Iqbal, M; Khalid, MH; Nasir, A; Ullah, R, 2019)	0.51
" These hard electrophiles have a high reactivity potential toward proteins and are thought to be responsible for cytochrome P450 inactivation, drug-drug interactions (DDI), and liver toxicity."	( Involvement of Pazopanib and Sunitinib Aldehyde Reactive Metabolites in Toxicity and Drug-Drug Interactions Arellano, C; Bernardes-Génisson, V; Chatelut, E; Paludetto, MN; Puisset, F; Robert, A; Stigliani, JL, 2020)	0.56
" Here, the natural product betulinic acid (BA) and chemical drug lonidamine (LN) were used as chemosensitizers in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) for ovarian cancer treatment."	( Doxorubicin combined with betulinic acid or lonidamine in RGD ligand-targeted pH-sensitive micellar system for ovarian cancer treatment. Jin, X; Lv, H; Zhang, Z; Zhou, J, 2019)	0.51
" All samples were analyzed by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with linear ion trap-orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) operated in positive ion mode."	( Characterization of the metabolites of H3B-6545 in vitro and in vivo by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization linear ion trap-orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. Hao, X; Xu, L; Yang, Y; Zhang, D; Zhao, H, 2020)	0.56
"LMS03 failed to show that second-line therapy, with gemcitabine combined with pazopanib, followed by pazopanib alone, was beneficial for advanced LMS patients."	( A phase II of gemcitabine combined with pazopanib followed by pazopanib maintenance, as second-line treatment in patients with advanced leiomyosarcomas: A unicancer French Sarcoma Group study (LMS03 study). Bay, JO; Bertucci, F; Bompas, E; Bozec, L; Chenuc, G; Chevreau, C; Cupissol, D; Delaye, J; Delcambre, C; Duffaud, F; Eymard, JC; Guillemet, C; Isambert, N; Italiano, A; Pautier, P; Penel, N; Piperno-Neumann, S; Ray-Coquard, I; Rios, M; Saada, E, 2020)	0.56
" An integrated in silico, in vitro, and clinical approach including a clinical drug interaction study as well as a bespoke physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was used to assess the drug-drug interaction (DDI) risk."	( Drug Interactions for Low-Dose Inhaled Nemiralisib: A Case Study Integrating Modeling, In Vitro, and Clinical Investigations. Cahn, AP; Georgiou, A; Harrell, AW; Hessel, EM; Marotti, M; Patel, A; Riddell, K; Taskar, KS; Taylor, M; Tracey, H; Wilson, R, 2020)	0.56
" Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs) comprise a heterogeneous class of drugs with distinct pharmacological profiles, including potency, selectivity, pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions."	( Optimizing treatment of renal cell carcinoma with VEGFR-TKIs: a comparison of clinical pharmacology and drug-drug interactions of anti-angiogenic drugs. Crucitta, S; Danesi, R; Del Re, M; Fogli, S; Gianfilippo, G; Porta, C; Rini, BI; Schmidinger, M, 2020)	0.56
" This open-label, phase Ib, sequential dose-escalation and dose-expansion study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of the selective BTK inhibitor tirabrutinib alone, in combination with the PI3K delta (PI3Kδ) inhibitor idelalisib, or with the spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitor entospletinib in patients with relapsed/refractory CLL."	( Phase Ib Study of Tirabrutinib in Combination with Idelalisib or Entospletinib in Previously Treated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Bhargava, P; Danilov, AV; Dyer, MJS; Fegan, CD; Herbaux, C; Hillmen, P; Huang, X; Humeniuk, R; Jürgensmeier, JM; Karlin, L; Kio, EA; Mitra, SS; Rule, SA; Walter, HS; Yi, PC; Zhou, Z, 2020)	0.56
"Patients received either tirabrutinib monotherapy (80 mg every day) or tirabrutinib 20-150 mg every day in combination with either idelalisib (50 mg twice a day or 100 mg every day) or entospletinib (200 mg or 400 mg every day)."	( Phase Ib Study of Tirabrutinib in Combination with Idelalisib or Entospletinib in Previously Treated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Bhargava, P; Danilov, AV; Dyer, MJS; Fegan, CD; Herbaux, C; Hillmen, P; Huang, X; Humeniuk, R; Jürgensmeier, JM; Karlin, L; Kio, EA; Mitra, SS; Rule, SA; Walter, HS; Yi, PC; Zhou, Z, 2020)	0.56
"Tirabrutinib in combination with idelalisib or entospletinib was well tolerated in patients with CLL, establishing an acceptable safety profile for concurrent selective inhibition of BTK with either PI3Kδ or SYK."	( Phase Ib Study of Tirabrutinib in Combination with Idelalisib or Entospletinib in Previously Treated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Bhargava, P; Danilov, AV; Dyer, MJS; Fegan, CD; Herbaux, C; Hillmen, P; Huang, X; Humeniuk, R; Jürgensmeier, JM; Karlin, L; Kio, EA; Mitra, SS; Rule, SA; Walter, HS; Yi, PC; Zhou, Z, 2020)	0.56
" To our knowledge, no published or ongoing trial is trying to answer the question if patient can benefit from a potentially complete resection combined with PARPi maintenance in OC patients with secondary recurrence."	( A phase II trial of cytoreductive surgery combined with niraparib maintenance in platinum-sensitive, secondary recurrent ovarian cancer: SGOG SOC-3 study. Ai, Z; Bao, W; Chen, X; Feng, Y; Gao, W; Huang, H; Jia, H; Jiang, R; Jiang, W; Li, J; Li, Y; Liu, J; Luan, Y; Shi, T; Teng, Y; Wang, X; Wu, S; Yin, S; Yu, A; Zang, R; Zhang, J; Zhang, P; Zhang, W; Zhang, Y; Zhu, J; Zhu, T; Zhu, Y, 2020)	0.56
"We demonstrate a promising low-dose drug combination development to obtain drug combinations effective in naive as well as resistant tumours."	( Identification of low-dose multidrug combinations for sunitinib-naive and pre-treated renal cell carcinoma. Achkhanian, J; Nowak-Sliwinska, P; Rausch, M; Rotari, A; Weiss, A, 2020)	0.56
" It was revealed that microwaving to 48˚C combined with HSP90 and TGF‑β1 inhibitors significantly increased the apoptotic rate of VX2 cells."	( Mild microwave ablation combined with HSP90 and TGF‑β1 inhibitors enhances the therapeutic effect on osteosarcoma. Chen, L; Cheng, S; Li, B; Lin, Z; Wang, M; Wang, W; Yao, M; Yin, Q; Zhang, Y, 2020)	0.56
"This phase Ia/Ib PACT study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of a new programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor, LY3300054, as monotherapy or in combination with ramucirumab, abemaciclib, or merestinib (a type II MET kinase inhibitor) in patients with advanced, refractory solid tumors (NCT02791334)."	( Safety and Clinical Activity of a New Anti-PD-L1 Antibody as Monotherapy or Combined with Targeted Therapy in Advanced Solid Tumors: The PACT Phase Ia/Ib Trial. Bang, YJ; Bendell, J; Carlsen, M; Chow, KH; Chung, HC; de Miguel, MJ; Gandhi, L; Italiano, A; Lin, CC; Patnaik, A; Schmidt, S; Su, WC; Szpurka, AM; Vangerow, B; Xu, X; Yap, TA; Yu, D; Zhao, Y, 2021)	0.62
" Here we show that a novel inhibitor of Polo-Like Kinase 4 (PLK4), CFI-400945, in combination with radiation, exhibits a synergistic anti-cancer effect in TNBC cell lines and patient-derived organoids in vitro and leads to a significant increase in survival to tumor endpoint in xenograft models in vivo, compared to control or single-agent treatment."	( Anticancer effects of radiation therapy combined with Polo-Like Kinase 4 (PLK4) inhibitor CFI-400945 in triple negative breast cancer. Bhat, V; Cescon, DW; Cruickshank, J; Hodgson, K; Parsyan, A; Pellizzari, S; Wakeham, D, 2021)	0.62
" We conducted a phase 2 trial of entospletinib in combination with obinutuzumab, an anti-CD20 antibody, in 17 patients with relapsed/refractory CLL."	( Proapoptotic and immunomodulatory effects of SYK inhibitor entospletinib in combination with obinutuzumab in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Best, S; Danilov, AV; Kittai, A; Lam, V; Liu, T; Orand, K; Spurgeon, SE, 2022)	0.72
"Management of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) for ensitrelvir, a novel 3-chymotrypsin-like protease inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial."	( Evaluation of the Drug-Drug Interaction Potential of Ensitrelvir Fumaric Acid with Cytochrome P450 3A Substrates in Healthy Japanese Adults. Fukuhara, T; Kubota, R; Kuwata, A; Matsuo, Y; Matsuzaki, T; Shimizu, R; Sonoyama, T, 2023)	0.91
" Either dexamethasone, prednisolone, or midazolam was administered alone (Day - 2) or in combination with ensitrelvir (Day 5) in each of the cohorts."	( Evaluation of the Drug-Drug Interaction Potential of Ensitrelvir Fumaric Acid with Cytochrome P450 3A Substrates in Healthy Japanese Adults. Fukuhara, T; Kubota, R; Kuwata, A; Matsuo, Y; Matsuzaki, T; Shimizu, R; Sonoyama, T, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The rate of absorption of bendazac, as assessed by tmax and Cmax, is similar in patients and in healthy subjects."	( The pharmacokinetics of bendazac-lysine and 5-hydroxybendazac, its main metabolite, in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Campistron, G; Ego, D; Escourrou, J; Houin, G; Ribet, A; Rovei, V; Thiola, A, 1988)	0.27
" dose ratio was approximately one, suggesting that LY353433 was well absorbed with excellent pharmacodynamics in the rat."	( LY353433, a potent, orally effective, long-acting 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist: comparison to cisapride and RS23597-190. Bloomquist, W; Calligaro, DA; Cohen, I; Cohen, ML; Schaus, JM; Susemichel, AD; Thompson, DC, 1996)	0.29
" This suggests that the bioavailability of oral lonidamine may be limited."	( Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of oral and intravenous lonidamine in dogs. Cline, JM; Page, RL; Price, GS; Riviere, JE; Thrall, DE, 1996)	0.29
" Using this approach several very potent (IC90 11 nM) and orally bioavailable (F% 93-100%) compounds were discovered (21, 22)."	( Nonsymmetric P2/P2' cyclic urea HIV protease inhibitors. Structure-activity relationship, bioavailability, and resistance profile of monoindazole-substituted P2 analogues. Bacheler, LT; Cordova, B; De Lucca, GV; Erickson-Viitanen, S; Garber, S; Kim, UT; Klabe, RM; Ko, SS; Lam, GN; Liang, J; Logue, KA; Trainor, GL; Wright, MR, 1998)	0.3
" Incorporation of piperazine into the 4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[g]indazoles in place of piperidine gave a novel series of high affinity, selective, orally bioavailable hD4 ligands, such as 16, with improved selectivity over ion channels."	( 3-(1-piperazinyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[g]indazoles: high affinity ligands for the human dopamine D4 receptor with improved selectivity over ion channels. Broten, T; Collins, I; Davey, WB; Emms, F; Fletcher, A; Leeson, PD; Marwood, R; Patel, S; Ragan, IC; Rowley, M; Scott, AL, 1998)	0.81
" The bioavailability of the domestic vs that of the imported tablet was 99 +/- 12%."	( Pharmacokinetics of bendazac lysine in 10 Chinese young men. Chen, XX; Pu, J; Qiu, JJ; Shen, JP; Yan, HY; Zhang, YD; Zhu, YQ, 1997)	0.3
" Pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed that compound 32 exhibits modest oral bioavailability (12%)."	( Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrazoles and indazoles as activators of the nitric oxide receptor, soluble guanylate cyclase. Brummell, DG; Budworth, J; Burtin, GE; Campbell, RO; Chana, SS; Charles, IG; Fernandez, PA; Glen, RC; Goggin, MC; Hobbs, AJ; Kling, MR; Liu, Q; Madge, DJ; Meillerais, S; Powell, KL; Reynolds, K; Selwood, DL; Spacey, GD; Stables, JN; Tatlock, MA; Wheeler, KA; Wishart, G; Woo, CK, 2001)	0.55
"Under the present experimental conditions (including concentration and bioavailability of the drugs used), topical application of the NOS inhibitors 7-NI, L-NAME, and AMT does not prevent an IOP increase induced by water intake in rabbits."	( Topical ocular instillation of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and intraocular pressure in rabbits. Elena, PP; Flammer, J; Fleischhauer, JC; Haefliger, IO; Liu, R, 2001)	0.31
" Both the solid dispersions and the cyclodextrin complexes were able to improve the in vivo bioavailability of the lonidamine when administered per os."	( Lonidamine solid dispersions: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Cantalamessa, F; Di Martino, P; Martelli, S; Nasuti, C; Palmieri, GF, 2002)	0.31
" These data have clearly illustrated the low bioavailability of AF-2364 in rats and that this compound is not specifically taken up by any organs including the testis or the epididymis."	( AF-2364 [1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carbohydrazide] is a potential male contraceptive: a review of recent data. Bonanomi, M; Cheng, CY; Lee, NP; Lui, WY; Mo, MY; Mruk, D; Silvestrini, B; Siu, MK; Wong, CH, 2005)	0.33
" We attempted to replicate the effects previously reported with SNAP-7941 and expanded the investigation to three other orally bioavailable MCH-1 receptor antagonists with good brain penetration."	( Lack of efficacy of melanin-concentrating hormone-1 receptor antagonists in models of depression and anxiety. Basso, AM; Bratcher, NA; Brune, ME; Collins, CA; Cowart, MD; Esbenshade, TA; Fox, GB; Gallagher, KB; Hancock, AA; Iyengar, R; Kym, PR; Rueter, LE; Schmidt, M; Souers, AJ; Sun, M; Vasudevan, A; Zhao, C, 2006)	0.33
"Compound 7 was identified as a potent (IC50 = 14 nM), selective, and orally bioavailable (F = 70% in mouse) inhibitor of protein kinase B/Akt."	( Syntheses of potent, selective, and orally bioavailable indazole-pyridine series of protein kinase B/Akt inhibitors with reduced hypotension. Bouska, J; Campbell, TJ; Diebold, RB; Gandhi, VB; Gintant, GA; Giranda, VL; Gong, J; Guan, R; Johnson, EF; Klinghofer, V; Li, Q; Li, T; Liu, X; Luo, Y; Mamo, M; Marsh, KC; Martin, RL; Olson, A; Penning, TD; Polakowski, J; Rosenberg, SH; Song, X; Stoll, VS; Thomas, S; Woods, KW; Zhu, GD, 2007)	0.34
" Analogs bearing a C3-thiophencarbonyl group were evaluated in enzymatic and cellular biochemical assays; two orally bioavailable analogs were further profiled in functional assays and found to inhibit microvessel growth in rat aortic explant cultures and inhibit Ang-1-stimulated chemotaxis of HUVECs."	( TIE-2/VEGF-R2 SAR and in vitro activity of C3-acyl dihydroindazolo[5,4-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole analogs. Aimone, L; Albom, M; Angeles, T; Chang, H; Hudkins, RL; Hunter, K; Josef, K; Robinson, C; Ruggeri, B; Underiner, TL; Weinberg, L; Yang, S; Zulli, A, 2008)	0.35
" Compound 4 has good intranasal bioavailability in rabbits and shows dose-dependent activity in validated in vivo and ex vivo migraine models."	( Discovery of (R)-4-(8-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-N-(3-(7-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)-1-oxo-1-(4-(piperidin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl)propan-2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide (BMS-694153): a potent antagonist of the human calcitonin gene-related peptid Chaturvedula, PV; Conway, CM; Cook, DA; Davis, CD; Degnan, AP; Denton, R; Dubowchik, GM; Han, X; Macci, R; Macor, JE; Mathias, NR; Moench, P; Pin, SS; Ren, SX; Schartman, R; Signor, LJ; Thalody, G; Widmann, KA; Xu, C, 2008)	0.35
" This work resulted in the discovery of 17, GDC-0941, which is a potent, selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of PI3K and is currently being evaluated in human clinical trials for the treatment of cancer."	( The identification of 2-(1H-indazol-4-yl)-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine (GDC-0941) as a potent, selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of class I PI3 kinase for the treatment of cancer . Ahmadi, K; Alderton, WK; Alix, S; Baker, SJ; Box, G; Chuckowree, IS; Clarke, PA; Depledge, P; Eccles, SA; Folkes, AJ; Friedman, LS; Hancox, TC; Hayes, A; Kugendradas, A; Lensun, L; Moore, P; Olivero, AG; Pang, J; Patel, S; Pergl-Wilson, GH; Raynaud, FI; Robson, A; Saghir, N; Salphati, L; Shuttleworth, SJ; Sohal, S; Ultsch, MH; Valenti, M; Wallweber, HJ; Wan, NC; Wiesmann, C; Workman, P; Zhyvoloup, A; Zvelebil, MJ, 2008)	0.35
" Intravenous treatment showed a more severe disturbance of spermatogenesis compared with gavage treatment, which was correlated with bioavailability of the drug."	( Adjudin targeting rabbit germ cell adhesion as a male contraceptive: a pharmacokinetics study. Bonanomi, M; Chen, BB; Chen, GR; Cheng, CY; Ge, RS; Hu, GX; Hu, LF; Li, JW; Mruk, DD; Silvestrini, B; Yang, DZ, )	0.13
" WAY-252623 (LXR-623) is a highly selective and orally bioavailable synthetic modulator of LXR, which demonstrated efficacy for reducing lesion progression in the murine LDLR(-/-) atherosclerosis model with no associated increase in hepatic lipogenesis either in this model or Syrian hamsters."	( LXR ligand lowers LDL cholesterol in primates, is lipid neutral in hamster, and reduces atherosclerosis in mouse. Basso, MD; Berrodin, TJ; Clerin, V; DiBlasio-Smith, E; Evans, MJ; Feingold, I; Gardell, SJ; Halpern, AR; Hartman, HB; Keith, JC; LaVallie, ER; Mounts, WM; Nambi, P; Quinet, EM; Resmini, C; Steffan, RJ; Vlasuk, GP; Wrobel, J; Yates, DW; Zhong, W, 2009)	0.35
" One compound exemplified in this series showed 24% oral bioavailability and in vivo efficacy in a NOR cognition model at 10mg/kg following an oral administration in rats."	( 1-Sulfonylindazoles as potent and selective 5-HT6 ligands. Comery, TA; Di, L; Kerns, EH; Kowal, DM; Liu, KG; Lo, JR; Robichaud, AJ; Schechter, LE; Smith, DL; Zhang, GM; Zhang, JY, 2009)	0.76
"Orally administered pazopanib has good bioavailability to the retina/choroid and strongly suppresses CNV in mice."	( Suppression and regression of choroidal neovascularization by the multitargeted kinase inhibitor pazopanib. Campochiaro, PA; King, AG; Levin, R; Saishin, Y; Takahashi, K, 2009)	0.35
" The model included formulation-dependent lag times and a bioavailability factor (F(rel)) for solution relative to solid dispersion."	( Pharmacokinetics of the TRPV1 antagonist ABT-102 in healthy human volunteers: population analysis of data from 3 phase 1 trials. Awni, WM; Dutta, S; Nothaft, W; Othman, AA, 2012)	0.38
" Pazopanib (GW786034), N(4)-(2,3-dimethyl-2H-indazol-6-yl]-N(4) - methyl-N(2)-(4-methyl-3-sulfnonamidophenyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine, is a novel orally bioavailable TKI that targets VEGFR1, VEGFR3, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-alpha, PDGFR-beta and c-kit."	( Pazopanib: a new multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor in the therapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma and other solid tumors. Melichar, B; Studentová, H; Zezulová, M, )	0.13
" Oral bioavailability ranged from 18."	( Preclinical pharmacokinetics of the novel PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 and prediction of its pharmacokinetics and efficacy in human. Chou, B; Halladay, JS; Olivero, AG; Pang, J; Plise, EG; Rudewicz, PJ; Salphati, L; Tian, Q; Wong, S; Zhang, X, 2011)	0.37
"The poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, MK-4827, is a novel potent, orally bioavailable PARP-1 and PARP-2 inhibitor currently in phase I clinical trials for cancer treatment."	( MK-4827, a PARP-1/-2 inhibitor, strongly enhances response of human lung and breast cancer xenografts to radiation. Ang, KK; Buchholz, T; Buser-Doepner, C; Mason, KA; Mathur, A; Milas, L; Toniatti, C; Valdecanas, D; Wang, L, 2012)	0.38
" The current study was intended to determine whether GDC-0941, an orally bioavailable class I selective PI3K inhibitor, enhances the antitumor activity of docetaxel in human breast cancer models in vitro and in vivo."	( GDC-0941, a novel class I selective PI3K inhibitor, enhances the efficacy of docetaxel in human breast cancer models by increasing cell death in vitro and in vivo. Belmont, LD; Belvin, M; Berry, L; Friedman, LS; Guan, J; Koeppen, H; Lee, LB; Prior, WW; Sampath, D; Wallin, JJ, 2012)	0.38
" For instance, adjudin, 1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carbohydrazide, a potential nonhormonal male contraceptive that exerts its effects on germ cell adhesion, most notably at the Sertoli cell-spermatid interface, to induce "premature" germ cell loss from the seminiferous epithelium mimicking spermiation, has a relatively poor bioavailability largely because of the BTB."	( Role of P-glycoprotein at the blood-testis barrier on adjudin distribution in the testis: a revisit of recent data. Bonanomi, M; Cheng, CY; Cheng, YH; Jenardhanan, P; Mathur, PP; Mok, KW; Mruk, DD; Silvestrini, B; Su, L, 2012)	0.38
" When dosed as a nasal spray in rabbits, 3 was rapidly absorbed and showed good intranasal bioavailability (42%)."	( The synthesis and SAR of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists derived from tyrosine surrogates. Part 2. Civiello, RL; Conway, CM; Cook, DA; Davis, CD; Degnan, AP; Dubowchik, GM; Han, X; Jiang, XJ; Macci, R; Macor, JE; Mathias, NR; Moench, P; Pin, SS; Schartman, R; Signor, LJ; Thalody, G; Tora, G; Whiterock, V; Xu, C, 2013)	0.39
"Drug transporters determine the bioavailability of drugs in the testis behind the blood-testis barrier (BTB)."	( Breast cancer resistance protein regulates apical ectoplasmic specialization dynamics stage specifically in the rat testis. Cheng, CY; Mruk, DD; Qian, X; Wong, EW, 2013)	0.39
" Estimated GSK2239633 bioavailability was low with a maximum value determined of only 16%."	( Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GSK2239633, a CC-chemokine receptor 4 antagonist, in healthy male subjects: results from an open-label and from a randomised study. Beerahee, M; Cahn, A; Graves, R; Hall, D; Hodgson, S; Hughes, SC; Robertson, J; Solari, R; van Marle, S; Watson, J; Wilson, R; Young, G, 2013)	0.39
" In this two-part study, we investigated the metabolism, disposition of [(14)C]pazopanib, and the oral bioavailability of pazopanib tablets in patients with advanced cancer."	( Bioavailability, metabolism and disposition of oral pazopanib in patients with advanced cancer. Bershas, D; Chen, EP; Dar, MM; Deng, Y; Gorycki, PD; Ho, MY; Negash, K; Qian, Y; Suttle, AB; Sychterz, C, 2013)	0.39
" BMS-742413 has good intranasal bioavailability in the rabbit and shows a robust, dose-dependent inhibition of CGRP-induced increases in marmoset facial blood flow."	( Discovery of (R)-N-(3-(7-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)-1-(4-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-4-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide (BMS-742413): a potent human CGRP antagonist with superior safety profile for the treatment of migr Cantor, GH; Chaturvedula, PV; Conway, CM; Davis, C; Denton, R; Dubowchik, GM; Keavy, D; Macci, R; Macor, JE; Mathias, N; Mercer, SE; Moench, P; Pin, SS; Schartman, R; Signor, L; Thalody, G; Whiterock, V; Xu, C, 2013)	0.39
" The mean absolute bioavailability of axitinib is 58 %."	( Clinical pharmacology of axitinib. Chen, Y; Garrett, M; Hee, B; Klamerus, KJ; Pithavala, YK; Tortorici, MA, 2013)	0.39
" Population estimates for systemic clearance (CL), central volume of distribution (Vc ), absorption rate constant (ka ) and absolute bioavailability (F) were 17."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of axitinib in healthy volunteers. Amantea, MA; Brennan, M; Garrett, M; Hee, B; Pithavala, YK; Poland, B, 2014)	0.4
" Previously, we reported on the development of LY2801653: a novel, orally bioavailable oncokinase inhibitor with MET as one of its targets."	( Inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer by LY2801653, an inhibitor of several oncokinases, including MET. Bi, C; Credille, KM; Donoho, GP; Manro, JR; Peek, VL; Walgren, RA; Wijsman, JA; Wu, W; Yan, L; Yan, SB, 2013)	0.39
" As a consequence, direct coordination to the protein is inhibited, which is expected to increase the bioavailability of the complexes, thus potentially leading to improved anticancer activity."	( Increasing the bioavailability of Ru(III) anticancer complexes through hydrophobic albumin interactions. Chard, RA; Jang, T; Walsby, CJ; Webb, MI; Wong, EW; Wong, MQ; Wu, B; Yapp, DT, 2013)	0.39
" For linifanib bioavailability, subjects with refractory acute myeloid leukaemia or myelodysplastic syndrome had 43% lower bioavailability, evening doses were associated with 27% lower bioavailability than morning doses, and administration of linifanib under fed conditions decreased the bioavailability by 14%."	( Pooled population pharmacokinetic analysis of phase I, II and III studies of linifanib in cancer patients. Carlson, D; Koenig, D; Salem, AH, 2014)	0.4
"25 μM, 40% max) with good oral bioavailability in rat."	( Discovery of novel indazole derivatives as dual angiotensin II antagonists and partial PPARγ agonists. Ancellin, N; Beneton, V; Faucher, N; Fouchet, MH; Grillot, D; Lamotte, Y; Martres, P; Nicodeme, E; Pineau, O; Saintillan, Y; Sançon, J; Sautet, S; Tousaint, JJ, 2014)	0.4
"The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of food on the oral bioavailability and to evaluate the effect of diurnal variation on the pharmacokinetics of linifanib, a novel tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitor selective for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors, in patients with advanced solid tumors."	( Results of a phase 1, randomized study evaluating the effects of food and diurnal variation on the pharmacokinetics of linifanib. Chiu, YL; LoRusso, P; Ricker, JL; Xiong, H, 2014)	0.4
"Dosing with food or in the evening has a significant effect on the oral bioavailability of linifanib that should be taken into consideration when designing future clinical studies."	( Results of a phase 1, randomized study evaluating the effects of food and diurnal variation on the pharmacokinetics of linifanib. Chiu, YL; LoRusso, P; Ricker, JL; Xiong, H, 2014)	0.4
"015 μM), which has moderate oral bioavailability in rodents and demonstrates robust activity in vivo in several rodent models of inflammatory pain."	( Discovery, optimization, and biological evaluation of 5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)indazoles as a novel class of transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) antagonists. Boissel, V; D'Souza, AM; Devereux, N; Head, V; Lao, J; Masick, B; Nash, M; Panesar, M; Patapoutian, A; Petrassi, HM; Petrus, MJ; Rooney, L; Schumacher, AM; Stoakley, N; Stringer, R; Tully, DC; Verkuyl, JM; Vidal, A; West, R, 2014)	0.63
"CFI-400945 is a potent, selective, orally bioavailable PLK4 inhibitor with antitumor activity in vivo."	( A PLK4 inhibitor has single-agent activity in preclinical tumor models. , 2014)	0.4
" Population estimates for systemic clearance, central volume of distribution, absorption rate constant, absolute bioavailability, and lag time were 20."	( Pharmacokinetics of single-agent axitinib across multiple solid tumor types. Cohen, EE; Fruehauf, JP; Garrett, M; Kim, S; Pithavala, YK; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Tortorici, MA, 2014)	0.4
" These results validate earlier claims that reduced NO bioavailability imposes an upper limit on myocardial blood flow regulation and its transmural distribution."	( Nitric oxide bioavailability affects cardiovascular regulation dependent on cardiac nerve status. Kingma, JG; Rouleau, JR; Simard, D, 2015)	0.42
"GS-5806 is a novel, orally bioavailable RSV fusion inhibitor discovered following a lead optimization campaign on a screening hit."	( Discovery of an oral respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion inhibitor (GS-5806) and clinical proof of concept in a human RSV challenge study. Babaoglu, K; Boojamra, C; Carey, A; Cihlar, T; Desai, M; Eisenberg, E; Gilbert, BE; Hayes, J; Hui, H; Iwata, Q; Jordan, R; Kinkade, A; Lee, G; Mackman, RL; Parrish, JP; Perron, M; Piedra, PA; Samuel, D; Sangi, M; Saunders, O; Siegel, D; Sperandio, D; Stray, K; Strickley, R; Theodore, D; Yang, H; Zhang, L, 2015)	0.42
" Herein, we summarize recent findings pertinent to adjudin, a non-hormonal male contraceptive, and molecular interactions of adjudin with BCRP so that this information can be helpful to devise delivery strategies to evade BCRP in the tunica propria to improve its bioavailability in the testis."	( Interaction of oligomeric breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) with adjudin: a male contraceptive with anti-cancer activity. Cheng, CY; Cheng, YH; Jenardhanan, P; Mathur, PP; Qian, X; Silvestrini, B; Xia, W, 2014)	0.4
"4 nM) and high oral bioavailability (F = 52%, mouse)."	( Discovery of a Novel Series of N-Phenylindoline-5-sulfonamide Derivatives as Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Acyl CoA:Monoacylglycerol Acyltransferase-2 Inhibitors. Adachi, R; Amano, N; Hidaka, K; Ishii, T; Kamaura, M; Kitazaki, T; Kubo, O; Maki, T; Mochida, T; Morimoto, S; Nakakariya, M; Sato, K; Takahagi, H; Takai, T; Takekawa, S; Yoshikawa, T, 2015)	0.42
" In addition, CC-509 is orally bioavailable and displays dose-dependent efficacy in two rodent models of immune-inflammatory disease."	( A Novel Triazolopyridine-Based Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor That Arrests Joint Inflammation. Baculi, F; Bates, RJ; Bennett, B; Blease, K; Brown, H; Burnett, K; Celeridad, M; Chamberlain, P; Delgado, M; Ferguson, GD; Haelewyn, J; Hickman, M; Jackson, P; Jensen-Pergakes, K; LeBrun, L; Miyazawa, K; Nadolny, L; Nguyen, T; Packard, G; Pagarigan, B; Pierce, S; Plantevin-Krenitsky, V; Tang, Y; Tehrani, L; Torres, S; Xie, W; Xu, L, 2016)	0.43
" Recent advances in drug formulations, such as drug particle micronization (<50 μm) and co-grinding of drug particles with ß-cyclodextrin have improved bioavailability of contraceptives via considerable increase in solubility."	( Effective Delivery of Male Contraceptives Behind the Blood-Testis Barrier (BTB) - Lesson from Adjudin. Bonanomi, M; Chen, H; Cheng, CY; Mruk, DD; Silvestrini, B; Xia, W, 2016)	0.43
" Treating Mx1-Cre, Kras(D12) mice with GDC-0941 (also referred to as pictilisib), an orally bioavailable inhibitor of class I PI3K isoforms, reduced leukocytosis, anemia and splenomegaly while extending survival."	( Targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway in murine MDS/MPN driven by hyperactive Ras. Akutagawa, J; Braun, BS; Chang, T; Cottonham, CL; Dail, M; Epstein, I; Friedman, LS; Huang, TQ; Quirindongo-Crespo, M; Sampath, D; Slusher, BS, 2016)	0.43
" Here we describe GDC-0810, a novel, non-steroidal, orally bioavailable selective ER downregulator (SERD), which was identified by prospectively optimizing ERα degradation, antagonism and pharmacokinetic properties."	( The selective estrogen receptor downregulator GDC-0810 is efficacious in diverse models of ER+ breast cancer. Aparicio, A; Arrazate, A; Arteaga, CL; Bischoff, E; Blake, RA; Bonnefous, C; Brigham, D; Darimont, B; Douglas, KL; Friedman, L; Giltnane, JM; Govek, SP; Grillot, K; Guan, Z; Hager, JH; Haley, B; Heyman, RA; Ingalla, E; Joseph, JD; Julien, JD; Kahraman, M; Kategaya, L; Kaufman, J; Lackner, MR; Lai, AG; Lee, KJ; Lu, N; Manning, HC; Metcalfe, C; Moon, M; Nagasawa, JY; Nannini, MA; Nonomiya, J; Prudente, R; Qian, J; Rix, PJ; Sampath, D; Schwarz, L; Sensintaffar, J; Shao, G; Smith, ND; Tantawy, MN; Walter, K; Wertz, IE; Young, A; Zhou, W, 2016)	0.43
" In this work, we aim to evaluate and compare the absorption pharmacokinetics (PK) of AZD5423 after inhalation via four devices, (Spira®, I-neb®, Turbuhaler® and a new dry powder inhaler (new DPI)) with two formulations using differently sized primary particles, and to compare the pulmonary bioavailability with the predicted lung deposited dose."	( Pharmacokinetics of the Inhaled Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator AZD5423 Following Inhalation Using Different Devices. Amilon, C; Bäckman, P; Cleton, A; Hamrén, UW; Jorup, C; Kloft, C; Melin, J; Olsson, B; Prothon, S, 2017)	0.46
"AB-FUBINACA and ADB-FUBINACA are orally bioavailable with rapid onset of toxicity after ingestion."	( Supraventricular tachycardia and acute confusion following ingestion of e-cigarette fluid containing AB-FUBINACA and ADB-FUBINACA: a case report with quantitative analysis of serum drug concentrations. Chong, YK; Lam, RPK; Leung, SC; Mak, TWL; Tang, MHY; Tsui, MSH, 2017)	0.46
" Here, we describe our continued efforts in optimizing a lead series by improving bioavailability while maintaining high inhibitory potency against all three Pim kinase isoforms."	( Discovery of 5-Azaindazole (GNE-955) as a Potent Pan-Pim Inhibitor with Optimized Bioavailability. Chan, G; Chang, JH; Chao, Q; Do, S; Drummond, J; Ebens, AJ; Harstad, E; Hu, H; Kolesnikov, A; Liu, N; Ly, J; Moffat, J; Munugalavadla, V; Murray, J; Slaga, D; Tay, S; Tsui, V; Volgraf, M; Wallweber, H; Wang, X, 2017)	0.46
" Hence, a mitochondria-targeting drug delivery system loaded with Lonidamine and a ROS-produced photosensitizer could improve the bioavailability of Lonidamine and maximize photodynamic therapeutic efficiency."	( Mitochondria-targeting near-infrared light-triggered thermosensitive liposomes for localized photothermal and photodynamic ablation of tumors combined with chemotherapy. Alfranca, G; Cui, D; de la Fuente, JM; Pan, F; Song, J; Yang, Y; Yin, T; Yue, C; Zhang, C; Zhang, Q, 2017)	0.46
"We have developed an orally bioavailable ERK inhibitor, MK-8353; conducted preclinical studies to demonstrate activity, pharmacodynamic endpoints, dosing, and schedule; completed a study in healthy volunteers (P07652); and subsequently performed a phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced solid tumors (MK-8353-001)."	( Development of MK-8353, an orally administered ERK1/2 inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Adjei, AA; Bishop, WR; Carr, D; Chun, P; Cooper, A; Dayananth, P; Deng, Y; Flaherty, KT; Fong, PC; Hwu, WJ; Kirschmeier, P; Long, BJ; Miselis, NR; Moreno, BH; Moschos, SJ; Ramanathan, RK; Ribas, A; Robert, L; Rubin, EH; Rubino, J; Rush, TS; Samatar, AA; Schiller, J; Shapira-Frommer, R; Shipps, GW; Sullivan, RJ; Tawbi, HA; Zhang, D, 2018)	0.48
" What's more, 6d possessed desirable pharmacokinetic profiles with the oral bioavailability of 72% in SD rats and considerable in vivo antitumor efficacy in a human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) xenograft model."	( Discovery of Novel Pazopanib-Based HDAC and VEGFR Dual Inhibitors Targeting Cancer Epigenetics and Angiogenesis Simultaneously. Chou, CJ; Huang, Y; Jia, Y; Li, X; Liang, X; Xu, W; Zang, J; Zhang, Y, 2018)	0.48
" We hypothesized that the ameliorating effect of HBO2 is caused by an increased bioavailability of NO, which can be attenuated by injection of the selective neuronal NO synthase inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole, preceding the HBO2 procedure."	( Neuronal nitric oxide inhibition attenuates the protective effect of HBO2 during cyanide poisoning. Hedetoft, M; Hyldegaard, O; Olsen, NV; Polzik, P, )	0.13
"This study described a pH-gradient dissolution method combined with flux measurements as an in vitro tool for assessing the risk of bioavailability reduction due to drug-drug interactions (DDI) caused by acid reducing agents (ARAs)."	( Using pH Gradient Dissolution with In-Situ Flux Measurement to Evaluate Bioavailability and DDI for Formulated Poorly Soluble Drug Products. Li, J; Tsinman, K; Tsinman, O; Wigman, L, 2018)	0.48
"Usage of the amorphous phase of compounds has become the method of choice to overcome oral bioavailability problems related to poor solubility."	( Impact of Method of Preparation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions on Mechanical Properties: Comparison of Coprecipitation and Spray Drying. Hou, HH; Jia, W; Lubach, JW; Muliadi, A; Nagapudi, K; Pandya, KM; Rajesh, A; Yost, E, 2019)	0.51
"The bioavailability of the non-hormonal male contraceptive adjudin is low in rats due to the blood-testis barrier (BTB)."	( F5-peptide enhances the efficacy of the non-hormonal male contraceptive adjudin. Chen, H; Cheng, CY; Mruk, D; Silvestrini, B; Wong, CKC, 2019)	0.51
" The obtained findings indicated intermediate function of both OATP1B1 and P-glycoprotein transporters, which may cause prolonged pazopanib bioavailability and increased toxicity."	( Severe hyperglycaemia following pazopanib treatment: The role of drug-drug-gene interactions in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma-A case report. Božina, N; Kuruc Poje, D; Šimičević, L; Žabić, I, 2020)	0.56
" Models were verified by comparison of simulated pharmacokinetics for acidulant and non-acidulant containing formulations to clinical data from a food effect study and relative bioavailability studies with and without the gastric acid-reducing agent lansoprazole."	( Physiologically Based Absorption Modelling to Explore the Impact of Food and Gastric pH Changes on the Pharmacokinetics of Entrectinib. Djebli, N; Guerini, E; Kowalski, K; Lindenberg, M; Meneses-Lorente, G; Parrott, N; Stillhart, C; Wagner, B, 2020)	0.56
" As a result, we identified 30, which exhibited no hERG activity but unfortunately was poorly absorbed in rats and mice."	( Optimization of a series of potent, selective and orally bioavailable SYK inhibitors. Balazs, A; Barlaam, B; Boiko, S; Dowling, JE; Dry, H; Edmondson, SD; Fawell, S; Gingipalli, L; Goldberg, FW; Grimster, NP; Ikeda, TP; Impastato, AC; Jones, NH; Kawatkar, S; Kemmitt, P; Lamont, S; Patel, J; Pike, A; Read, J; Sarkar, U; Sha, L; Shao, W; Simpson, I; Su, Q; Tomlinson, RC; Wang, H; Wang, L; Wang, P; Watson, D; Wilson, DM; Zehnder, TE; Zheng, X, 2020)	0.56
" Decreased oral bioavailability of pazopanib when given with proton-pump inhibitors was confirmed in this group of patients."	( VOTRAGE study: Phase I dose-escalation study of pazopanib in unfit older patients. Balardy, L; Cabarrou, B; Chatelut, E; Digue, L; Filleron, T; Gomez-Roca, CA; Le Louedec, F; Mourey, L; Olivier, P; Paludetto, MN; Ravaud, A; Valentin, T, 2021)	0.62
"8% for the apparent clearance of entrectinib to 122% for the first-order absorption rate constant)."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of entrectinib in pediatric and adult patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors: support of new drug application submission. Bonnefois, G; Buchheit, V; Djebli, N; Frey, N; González-Sales, M; Meneses-Lorente, G; Mercier, F; Tremblay, PO, 2021)	0.62
" Although there have been a few studies on the pharmacokinetics of entrectinib, the relative contributions of several kinetic factors determining the oral bioavailability and systemic exposure of entrectinib are still worthy of investigation."	( Development and application of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for entrectinib in rats and scale-up to humans: Route-dependent gut wall metabolism. Byun, JH; Cho, HJ; Choi, E; Han, DG; Jung, IH; Park, T; Seo, SW; Yoon, IS, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" FS-32 showed anti-reserpine activity in a dose-dependent manner, whereas imipramine exhibited a bell-shaped dose-response pattern."	( Pharmacological studies on a new thymoleptic antidepressant, 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-5-methyl-3-phenyl-1H-indazole (FS-32). Fujimura, Y; Ikeda, Y; Iwasaki, T; Koide, T; Matsushita, H; Nagashima, R; Shindo, M; Shiraki, Y; Suzuki, S; Takano, N, 1979)	0.26
" A dosage schedule of hycanthone which was too small to have any significant chemotherapeutic effect in mice (3 X 3 mg/kg) was sufficient to induce a statistically highly significant incidence of micronodular lesions and of precancerous nodules."	( Long-term hepatocellular effects of hycanthone and of two other anti-Schistosomal drugs in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Bueding, E; Haese, WH, 1976)	0.26
" Endotoxin in a dosage of 3,000 microgram was not lethal for nonmedicated control animals."	( Endotoxin toxicity in rats with 6-sulfanilamidoindazole arthritis. Hiramoto, RN; Miller, ML; Samuelson, CO; Ward, JR, 1979)	0.26
" Dosing with granisetron was more simple, with over 85% of patients requiring only a single prophylactic dose."	( A single-blind study of the efficacy and safety of intravenous granisetron compared with alizapride plus dexamethasone in the prophylaxis and control of emesis in patients receiving 5-day cytostatic therapy. The Granisetron Study Group. Bremer, K, 1992)	0.28
" Our data suggest that in comparison to ondansetron, granisetron is a more potent, longer acting and pharmacologically "cleaner" compound with a more conventional dose-response profile."	( Are all 5-HT3 receptor antagonists the same? Andrews, PL; Bhandari, P; Bingham, S; Blower, PR; Davey, PT; Marr, HE, 1992)	0.28
"0 mg twice daily is an effective antiemetic, offering a convenient dosing regimen without significant adverse events."	( Oral granisetron--simple and effective: a preliminary report. The Granisetron Study Group. Hacking, A, 1992)	0.28
" Lonidamine potentiated the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin dependent on doxorubicin dosage and tumour cell concentration."	( Pharmacological purging of syngeneic bone marrow ex vivo: effect of treatment with doxorubicin and lonidamine on normal and leukaemic cells of DBA/2 mice. Capua, A; De Fabritiis, P; Leonetti, C; Mandelli, F; Sandrelli, A; Zupi, G, 1992)	0.28
" HInd[RuInd2Cl4(N2)] showed high efficacy at the highest dosage of 13 mg/kg, reaching a T/C value of 27% combined with 0% mortality versus 15% in the control group."	( Antineoplastic activity of three ruthenium derivatives against chemically induced colorectal carcinoma in rats. Berger, MR; Keppler, BK; Seelig, MH, 1992)	0.28
" LTD4 produced a positive inotropic response; however, rapid desensitization required the construction of noncumulative dose-response curves to naive tissues."	( Evidence for leukotriene D4 receptors in guinea pig left atria. Aharony, D; Falcone, RC; Orzechowski, RF, 1991)	0.28
" Results indicate that steady state was reached after 2 dosing intervals of 12 h and no changes in liver metabolism or age dependent pharmacokinetics could be revealed after 4 days of multiple dose treatment."	( Single- and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of lonidamine in patients suffering from non-small-cell lung cancer. Christoffel, V; Gatzemeier, U; Lücker, PW; Picollo, R; Toomes, H; Ulmer, J, 1991)	0.28
" In the FSaIIC murine fibrosarcoma tumor system, 5 intraperitoneal (IP) injections of 50 mg/kg of lonidamine over 36 hours increased the tumor cell kill by cisplatin, carboplatin, D-tetraplatin, melphalan and BCNU approximately two- to threefold over the dosage ranges of each drug tested when the antitumor agents were given IP immediately after the third lonidamine injection."	( Modulation of alkylating agents by lonidamine in vivo. Frei, E; Herman, TS; Holden, SA; Teicher, BA, 1991)	0.28
" When cyclophosphamide and thiotepa were given in the same schedule, 10-fold increases in tumor cell killing were evident on tumor excision assay over the dosage ranges."	( Lonidamine as a modulator of alkylating agent activity in vitro and in vivo. Epelbaum, R; Frei, E; Herman, TS; Holden, SA; Liu, SD; Teicher, BA, 1991)	0.28
") had no effects on duodenal intraluminal pressure, but reduced the responses to distension with a bell-shaped dose-response relationship."	( The effects of granisetron, ICS 205-930 and ondansetron on the visceral pain reflex induced by duodenal distension. Moss, HE; Sanger, GJ, 1990)	0.28
" Complete dose-response curves were first generated to LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4: those agents produced dose-dependent increases in arterial blood pressure, with ED20 values (i."	( ICI 198615 is an antagonist of leukotriene C4, leukotriene D4 and leukotriene E4 vasopressor responses in the conscious rat. Slivjak, MJ; Smith, EF, 1990)	0.28
" Results from a very small number of preliminary studies using objective photographic and densitometric methods have suggested that oral bendazac lysine, usually at a dosage of 500 mg 3 times daily, can stabilise the progression of lens opacification in patients with cataract."	( Bendazac lysine. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential in the management of cataracts. Balfour, JA; Clissold, SP, 1990)	0.28
" Although LTC4 was as potent as LTD4 in stimulating TxB2 generation, LTC4's dose-response curve was shifted significantly to the right by AT-125, an irreversible gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitor, suggesting that at least a part of LTC4 sensitized lungs with antigen (0."	( Evidence that peptidoleukotriene is a prerequisite for antigen-dependent thromboxane synthesis in IgG1-passively sensitized guinea pig lungs. Breslow, R; Cheng, JB; Conklyn, MJ; Pillar, JS; Shirley, JT; Showell, HJ, 1990)	0.28
" Infusion of the selective peptidoleukotriene receptor antagonist, SK&F 104353, produced dose-dependent shifts in the leukotriene D4 dose-response curve."	( Evidence for high and low affinity leukotriene D4 receptors mediating vascular responses in the conscious rat. Slivjak, MJ; Smith, EF, 1989)	0.28
" Clinical side effects were moderate, necessitating a reduction of the dosage in only 1 case."	( The potential role of lonidamine (LND) in the treatment of malignant glioma. Phase II study. Caputo, A; Carapella, CM; Cattani, F; Ciottoli, GB; Floridi, A; Iandolo, B; Paggi, MG; Raus, L; Riccio, A, 1989)	0.28
" This LTD4 antagonist was then evaluated to determine whether it could inhibit the IgE-mediated ascaris antigen response using the threshold antigen dose-response system or the single antigen dose-response system."	( Effect of a leukotriene D4 (LTD4) antagonist on LTD4 and ascaris antigen-induced airway responses in rhesus monkeys. Harris, KE; Krell, RD; Patterson, R, 1988)	0.27
" The final conclusion of our study is that bendazac at a dosage ten-fold lower than that used in the clinics is anticataract drug when orally administered to "BLOA test selected" patients, at least for short term treatment of young, otherwise healthy humans with cortical cataract."	( Bendazac and benzydamine for treatment of cataract: individualized therapy by the "BLOA test". Buongiovanni, C; Iuliano, G; Marino, E; Mortow, P; Paolercio, F; Testa, M; Trapanese, A, 1986)	0.27
" Overall it can be assumed that the pharmacological effect of the drug will not be enhanced in renal failure and that the dosage regimen of bendazac-lysine in such patients need not be modified."	( Pharmacokinetics of bendazac-lysine and 5-hydroxybendazac in patients with renal insufficiency. Campistron, G; Conte, JJ; Dueymes, JM; Ego, D; Houin, G; Rovei, V, 1987)	0.27
" In vivo the protective effect has been observed after treatments ranging in duration from 3 to 14 days depending on the dosage used; the minimal effective dose produced a serum level of 35 micrograms/ml of bendazac."	( Basic data supporting the use of the l-lysine salt of bendazac in cataract. Barillari, G; Catanese, B; Iorio, E; Silvestrini, B; Valeri, P, 1983)	0.27
" Lonidamine was given at 6 dosage levels from 180 to 520 mg/m2 for at least 28 days."	( Phase I and clinical pharmacologic evaluation of Lonidamine in patients with advanced cancer. Currie, VE; Farag, FM; Kim, JH; Kinahan, JE; O'Hehir, MA; Young, CW, 1984)	0.27
"Hexobarbital sleeping time was prolonged and ethylmorphine N-demethylation was inhibited after a single dosage or seven administration of 6-SAI to old rats."	( Drug metabolism in rats with arthritis induced by 6-sulfanilamidoindazole (6-SAI). Hirschelmann, R; Müller, D, 1981)	0.26
" 7-NI dose-dependently protected against MPTP-induced dopamine depletions using two different dosing regimens of MPTP that produced varying degrees of dopamine depletion."	( Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase by 7-nitroindazole protects against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice. Beal, MF; Browne, SE; Matthews, RT; Muqit, MM; Schulz, JB, 1995)	0.29
"44 patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with high-dose epirubicin (130 mg/sqm), because of its steep dose-response curve."	( Phase II study of high-dose epirubicin, lonidamine, alpha 2b interferon in advanced breast cancer. Bucci, L; Caponigro, F; Di Martino, N; Facchini, G; Fei, L; Iaffaioli, RV; Mantovani, G; Santangelo, M; Tortoriello, A, 1995)	0.29
"5%), LND was discontinued after 5 therapy cycles due to WHO grade III myalgia; in 80% of patients, LND oral dosage was reduced to 300 mg/day due to WHO grade II myalgia, and 20% of patients completed treatment with the full dose."	( Lonidamine plus cyclophosphamide in the treatment of adanced non-small cell lung cancer in the elderly: a phase II study. Antilli, A; Cruciani, AR; Lombardi, A; Mugnaini, L; Nunziati, F; Perrone, N; Portalone, L; Salvati, F; Signora, M, )	0.13
" In addition it offered a simple and convenient dosing regimen and a safer side-effect profile."	( The antiemetic efficacy and safety of granisetron compared with metoclopramide plus dexamethasone in patients receiving fractionated chemotherapy over 5 days. The Granisetron Study Group. , 1993)	0.29
" From these results, single administration of oral granisetron at a dose of 2 mg once a day was considered to be the optimal administration and dosage for nausea and vomiting induced by the administration of anticancer drugs."	( [Clinical evaluation of granisetron for nausea and vomiting induced by anticancer drugs--optimal dose-finding study]. Furue, H; Niitani, H; Ogawa, N; Ohta, K; Suminaga, M; Taguchi, T, 1993)	0.29
" In the trial, the dosage of granisetron tablet was 2 mg once a day, and the drug was given before each chemotherapy for 6 consecutive days."	( [Study on the inhibitory effect of oral granisetron against nausea/vomiting induced by cytosine arabinoside containing chemotherapy for tumors in the hematopoietic organs]. Gondo, H; Harada, M; Matsuishi, H; Omori, F; Otsuka, T; Shibuya, T; Taniguchi, S; Teshima, T; Yamano, Y; Yamazaki, K, 1993)	0.29
" The leukotriene receptor antagonist ICI-198,615 (3 x 10(-8)M) produced an approximate 50-fold rightward shift of the leukotriene C4 dose-response curve (n = 5)."	( Influence of atherosclerosis on the vascular reactivity of isolated human epicardial coronary arteries to leukotriene C4. Allen, SP; Chester, AH; Collins, M; Dashwood, MR; Piper, PJ; Tadjkarimi, S; Yacoub, MH, 1993)	0.29
" dosing with responses returning to control by 16 hr, indicative of long duration receptor blockade."	( LY353433, a potent, orally effective, long-acting 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist: comparison to cisapride and RS23597-190. Bloomquist, W; Calligaro, DA; Cohen, I; Cohen, ML; Schaus, JM; Susemichel, AD; Thompson, DC, 1996)	0.29
" Inflammation did not alter the effects of 7-NI since there was no difference in the dose-response curve between the normal and carrageenan animals."	( Amplification of spinal nociceptive transmission depends on the generation of nitric oxide in normal and carrageenan rats. Dickenson, AH; Misra, C; Stanfa, LC, 1996)	0.29
"We examined the dose-response characteristics of brain nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition following intraperitoneal administration of 7-nitro indazole (7-NI)."	( Differential action of 7-nitro indazole on rat brain nitric oxide synthase. Beninger, RJ; Boegman, RJ; Connop, BP; Jhamandas, K; Kalisch, BE, 1996)	0.29
"6-fold rightward shift in the morphine dose-response curve."	( Acute tolerance to spinally administered morphine compares mechanistically with chronically induced morphine tolerance. Fairbanks, CA; Wilcox, GL, 1997)	0.3
" In addition, a higher LND dosage was provided on the day of CDDP administration in an attempt to maximize the synergy of this drug with CDDP."	( Revertant and potentiating activity of lonidamine in patients with ovarian cancer previously treated with platinum. Bottalico, C; Brandi, M; Catino, A; De Lena, M; De Mitrio, A; Gargano, G; Guida, M; Latorre, A; Leone, B; Lorusso, V; Vallejo, C, 1997)	0.3
" In an initial dose-response study, rats received intraperitoneal (i."	( Impaired learning in rats in a 14-unit T-maze by 7-nitroindazole, a neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, is attenuated by the nitric oxide donor, molsidomine. Ingram, DK; London, ED; Meyer, RC; Patel, N; Spangler, EL, 1998)	0.3
"03-300 mg/kg) of the nonselective NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME) were administered intravenously to establish dose-response relationships."	( Role of nitric oxide in maintenance of basal anterior choroidal blood flow in rats. Koss, MC, 1998)	0.3
" The dose-response function of both those psychostimulants did not change in the course of the experiment."	( The role of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway in the discriminative stimuli of amphetamine and cocaine. Filip, M; Przegaliński, E, 1998)	0.3
" In the presence of 5 mM L-NAME (a concentration that did not influence basal insulin release) the insulin response was markedly increased along the whole dose-response curve and the threshold for carbachol stimulation was significantly lowered."	( Influence of nitric oxide modulators on cholinergically stimulated hormone release from mouse islets. Aring;kesson, B; Lundquist, I, 1999)	0.3
"6% respectively of the dosage in 24 h after a single oral dose."	( Pharmacokinetics of bendazac lysine in 10 Chinese young men. Chen, XX; Pu, J; Qiu, JJ; Shen, JP; Yan, HY; Zhang, YD; Zhu, YQ, 1997)	0.3
" L-NAME and 7-nitroindazole were tested up to doses that disrupted responding, providing evidence that a behaviorally-relevant dosage range was evaluated."	( Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors do not substitute in rats trained to discriminate phencyclidine from saline. Balster, RL; Harvey, SA; Wiley, JL, 1999)	0.3
" Five-day repeat dosing of a typical SSRI, paroxetine, increased climbing, a distinctive antidepressive behavior, 1 h after but not 1 h before treatment."	( Effects of repeated selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine treatments on mouse forced swimming. Akagawa, Y; Hishikawa, Y; Maruyama, A; Masuda, Y; Shimizu, T, 1999)	0.3
" Depending on the dosing of the administered compound, rats became infertile for 4-14 wk before their fertility gradually bounced back, illustrating the reversibility and efficacy of these new compounds."	( Two new male contraceptives exert their effects by depleting germ cells prematurely from the testis. Cheng, CY; Grima, J; Johansson, E; Leone, MG; Mo , MY; Mruk, D; Palmery, M; Saso, L; Silvestrini, B; Zhu , LJ, 2001)	0.31
" These properties have served to suggest YC-1 as an attractive therapeutic agent by permitting the reduction of nitrovasodilator dosage and regulating endogenous cGMP metabolism."	( Prolonged exposure to YC-1 induces apoptosis in adrenomedullary endothelial and chromaffin cells through a cGMP-independent mechanism. Ferrero, R; Torres, M, 2001)	0.31
" The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model developed allows design of dosing regimens that can produce designated changes in brain NO content, facilitating use of 7-NI to probe the pharmacological implications of NO in the central nervous system."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 7-nitroindazole, a selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, in the rat hippocampus. Bush, MA; Pollack, GM, 2001)	0.31
"The results demonstrated that 7-NI reduced responses maintained by the cocaine training dose and produced a downward shift in the cocaine dose-response curve."	( Neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibition decreases cocaine self-administration behavior in rats. Collins, SL; Kantak, KM, 2002)	0.31
" Addition of SNP potentiated the relaxation effect of YC-1 and A-350619, shifting the dose-response curve to the left to 3 microM and 10 microM, respectively."	( A-350619: a novel activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase. Brioni, JD; Chang, R; Hsieh, GC; Kolasa, T; Miller, LN; Moreland, RB; Nakane, M, 2003)	0.32
" The LND-diazepam at the used dosing schedule did not show a complete or partial response."	( Phase II study of lonidamine and diazepam in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Andrieu, JM; Banu, E; Carpentier, A; Celerier, D; Delattre, JY; Dutrillaux, B; Fauchon, F; Oudard, S; Poupon, MF, 2003)	0.32
" Thus, prolonged infusion preceded by a loading dose is an efficacious dosing regimen for DY-9760e, especially at a low infusion rate."	( DY-9760e, a novel calmodulin antagonist, reduces infarction after permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Sato, T; Shirasaki, Y; Takamori, H, 2004)	0.32
" In control (missense ODN treated) rats, forskolin elicited a leftward shift in the SNAP dose-response curves (approximately 50% reduction in SNAP EC50)."	( cAMP modulates cGMP-mediated cerebral arteriolar relaxation in vivo. Baughman, VL; Gavrilyuk, V; Pelligrino, DA; Wolde, HM; Xu, HL, 2004)	0.32
" This compound was found to be a high-affinity ligand for MCHr1 and a potent inhibitor of MCH-mediated Ca(2+) release, showed good plasma and CNS exposure upon oral dosing in diet-induced obese mice, and is the first reported MCHr1 antagonist that is efficacious upon oral dosing in a chronic model of weight loss."	( Identification of 2-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-N- [1-(2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethyl)-1H-indazol-6-yl]acetamide, an orally efficacious melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 antagonist for the treatment of obesity. Brodjian, S; Brune, M; Bush, E; Collins, CA; Dayton, B; Gao, J; Hernandez, LE; Judd, AS; Kym, PR; Marsh, KC; Mulhern, M; Sham, HL; Shapiro, R; Souers, AJ; Vasudevan, A; Wodka, D, 2005)	0.33
" Tumor growth inhibition was observed during the dosing interval, and the tumors regrew when compound administration was ceased."	( Potent and selective inhibitors of Akt kinases slow the progress of tumors in vivo. Bouska, JJ; de Jong, R; Giranda, VL; Gramling-Evans, EE; Guan, R; Han, EK; Johnson, EF; Klinghofer, V; Leverson, JD; Li, Q; Li, T; Liu, X; Luo, Y; Mamo, M; McGonigal, TP; Mika, AK; Mitten, MJ; Nguyen, PT; Oleksijew, A; Oltersdorf, T; Powlas, JA; Rosenberg, SH; Shi, Y; Shoemaker, AR; Smith, RA; Stoll, VS; Thomas, SA; Woods, KW; Zinker, BA, 2005)	0.33
" In the first cohort, patients initially received two single test doses of AG-013736 (10 and 30 mg); subsequent dosing was determined by individual PK parameters."	( Phase I trial of the oral antiangiogenesis agent AG-013736 in patients with advanced solid tumors: pharmacokinetic and clinical results. Freddo, JL; Herbst, RS; Kies, MS; Liu, G; Park, JW; Pithavala, YK; Reich, SD; Rugo, HS; Steinfeldt, HM; Wilding, G, 2005)	0.33
" Compounds 19 and 28, two of the more potent compounds identified in this study, were characterized by high exposure in the brain and demonstrated robust efficacy when dosed in diet-induced obese mice."	( Aminopiperidine indazoles as orally efficacious melanin concentrating hormone receptor-1 antagonists. Brodjian, S; Brune, M; Bush, E; Collins, CA; Dayton, B; Engstrom, KM; Falls, DH; Freeman, JC; Gao, J; Hernandez, LE; Kym, PR; Lynch, JK; Marsh, KC; Mulhern, MM; Shapiro, RD; Souers, AJ; Vasudevan, A; Verzal, MK; Wagaw, SH; Wodka, D, 2005)	0.67
"We investigated the effects of the novel 5-HT2C receptor agonist YM348 [(S)-2-(7-ethyl-1H-furo[2,3-g]indazol-1-yl)-1-methylethylamine] on ICP in anesthetized rats and clarified whether behavioral changes such as hypolocomotion induced at a high dose are a cause of the inverted U-shaped PE dose-response curves in conscious rats."	( Characterization of intracavernous pressure increase induced by Ym348, a novel 5-HT2C receptor agonist, in anesthetized rats. Kimura, Y; Naitou, Y; Wanibuchi, F; Yamaguchi, T, 2006)	0.33
" Dose-response curves for the number of PEs and ICP increases were an inverted U shape."	( Characterization of intracavernous pressure increase induced by Ym348, a novel 5-HT2C receptor agonist, in anesthetized rats. Kimura, Y; Naitou, Y; Wanibuchi, F; Yamaguchi, T, 2006)	0.33
" Since the dose-response curve for the number of ICP increases under anesthetized, behavior independent conditions still showed an inverted U shape, behavioral changes were not likely to have contributed to the inverted U-shaped dose-response curves for the number of PEs in conscious rats."	( Characterization of intracavernous pressure increase induced by Ym348, a novel 5-HT2C receptor agonist, in anesthetized rats. Kimura, Y; Naitou, Y; Wanibuchi, F; Yamaguchi, T, 2006)	0.33
" dosing and continuous infusion), we showed that the antitumor and antiangiogenic activity of VEGFR inhibitors is dependent on steady-state concentration of the compound above a threshold."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic correlation from mouse to human with pazopanib, a multikinase angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antitumor and antiangiogenic activity. Boloor, A; Cheung, M; Crosby, RM; Crouthamel, MC; Epperly, AH; Gilmer, TM; Harrington, LE; Hopper, TM; Johnson, JH; Knick, VB; Kumar, R; Luttrell, DK; Miller, CG; Mullin, RJ; Onori, JA; Rudolph, SK; Stafford, JA; Truesdale, AT, 2007)	0.34
" Neither sex-related differences in toxicokinetics nor plasma accumulation over 5 days of dosing were seen."	( Toxicity and toxicokinetics of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor AG-024322 in cynomolgus monkeys following intravenous infusion. Brown, AP; Courtney, CL; Criswell, KA; Evering, W; Holliman, CL; Jessen, BA, 2008)	0.35
" Although a single dose of ABT-102 produced a self-limiting increase in core body temperature that remained in the normal range, the hyperthermic effects of ABT-102 effectively tolerated following twice-daily dosing for 2 days."	( Repeated dosing of ABT-102, a potent and selective TRPV1 antagonist, enhances TRPV1-mediated analgesic activity in rodents, but attenuates antagonist-induced hyperthermia. Banfor, PN; Bayburt, E; Chandran, P; Daanen, JF; Faltynek, CR; Fryer, RM; Gauvin, DM; Ghilardi, JR; Gomtsyan, A; Hernandez, G; Honore, P; Jarvis, MF; Joshi, SK; Kort, ME; Kym, PR; Lee, CH; Mantyh, PW; Marsh, K; Mikusa, JP; Neelands, T; Reilly, RM; Segreti, JA; Sevcik, MA; Sullivan, JP; Surowy, CS; Zhong, C, 2009)	0.35
" In early in vivo studies, PHA-408 demonstrated efficacy at high doses; however, the correlation between PHA-408 exposure and efficacy could not be established using standard dosing paradigms for the rat disease models."	( Combined use of pharmacokinetic modeling and a steady-state delivery approach allows early assessment of IkappaB kinase-2 (IKK-2) target safety and efficacy. Chiang, PC; Kishore, NN; Thompson, DC, 2010)	0.36
" Weekly subcutaneous dosing of AKTi resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of LNCaP prostate cancer xenografts, an AR-dependent tumor with PTEN deletion and constitutively activated Akt."	( An allosteric Akt inhibitor effectively blocks Akt signaling and tumor growth with only transient effects on glucose and insulin levels in vivo. Bilodeau, M; Cherrin, C; Defeo-Jones, D; Hartman, G; Haskell, K; Hoffman, J; Howell, B; Huber, HE; Jiang, G; Jones, R; Leander, K; Mahan, E; Prueksaritanont, T; Robinson, R; Rosen, N; Sanderson, P; Sepp-Lorenzino, L; She, QB; Watkins, A, 2010)	0.36
" Continuous 5 mg twice-daily dosing was then initiated."	( Effect of axitinib (AG-013736) on fatigue, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and biomarkers: a phase I study in Japanese patients. Hashimoto, J; Itoh, K; Minami, H; Mukai, H; Mukohara, T; Nagai, S; Nakajima, H; Umeyama, Y, 2010)	0.36
"5-200 mg/kg) and dosing schedules (daily to weekly)."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of tumor growth inhibition and biomarker modulation by the novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor GDC-0941. Belvin, M; Bradford, D; Edgar, KA; Prior, WW; Salphati, L; Sampath, D; Wallin, JJ; Wong, H, 2010)	0.36
" Changes in axitinib plasma exposures in subjects with mild or moderate hepatic impairment were predicted using computer simulations and used to guide initial dosing in the clinical study."	( Influence of mild and moderate hepatic impairment on axitinib pharmacokinetics. Alvey, CW; Fuentes, E; Green, M; Hee, B; Labadie, RR; Marbury, T; Ni, G; Pithavala, YK; Rahavendran, SV; Toh, M; Tortorici, MA, 2011)	0.37
" Oral dosing of 3S,3aR-27d (PF-3882845) in the Dahl salt sensitive preclinical model of salt-induced hypertension and nephropathy showed blood pressure attenuation significantly greater than that with eplerenone, reduction in urinary albumin, and renal protection."	( Discovery of (3S,3aR)-2-(3-chloro-4-cyanophenyl)-3-cyclopentyl-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[g]indazole-7-carboxylic acid (PF-3882845), an orally efficacious mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist for hypertension and nephropathy. Arhancet, GB; Blinn, JR; Chen, X; Collins, JT; Dietz, JD; Garland, DJ; Heron, MI; Hockerman, SL; Homer, BL; Hu, X; Huang, HC; Long, SA; Mahoney, MW; McGee, KF; Meyers, MJ; Payne, MA; Reitz, DB; Rico, JR; Wendling, JM; Yang, S, 2010)	0.36
"In this randomized, single-blind, two-way crossover study, 32 healthy volunteers received placebo, followed by a single 5-mg oral dose of axitinib, administered either alone or on the fourth day of dosing with oral ketoconazole (400 mg/day for 7 days)."	( Effect of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics of axitinib in healthy volunteers. Garrett, M; Hee, B; Klamerus, KJ; Mount, J; Pithavala, YK; Rahavendran, SV; Sarapa, N; Selaru, P; Tong, W, 2012)	0.38
" Using a convenient topical dosing regimen, pazopanib may prove useful for treating a variety of ocular neovascular diseases such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration."	( Anti-angiogenic effects of the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, pazopanib, on choroidal neovascularization in rats. Eichler, W; King, AG; Lange, J; Niemeyer, M; Nishiwaki, A; Wiedemann, P; Yafai, Y; Yang, XM; Yasukawa, T, 2011)	0.37
"In vitro dose-response study of topotecan and pazopanib was conducted on several neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines."	( Metronomic oral topotecan with pazopanib is an active antiangiogenic regimen in mouse models of aggressive pediatric solid tumor. Baruchel, S; Kerbel, RS; Kumar, S; Man, S; Mokhtari, RB; Oliveira, ID; Sheikh, R; Wu, B; Xu, P; Yeger, H; Zhang, L, 2011)	0.37
"This Phase I, open-label study evaluated single dosing of axitinib in 14 healthy Chinese volunteers."	( A Phase I study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of axitinib (AG-13736) in healthy Chinese volunteers. Chen, Y; Hu, P; Jiang, J; Lu, L; Ni, G; Pithavala, YK; Tortorici, MA; Zhang, J, 2011)	0.37
"In healthy Chinese subjects, single dosing of axitinib demonstrated dose-proportional pharmacokinetics."	( A Phase I study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of axitinib (AG-13736) in healthy Chinese volunteers. Chen, Y; Hu, P; Jiang, J; Lu, L; Ni, G; Pithavala, YK; Tortorici, MA; Zhang, J, 2011)	0.37
" Using washout studies in vitro and alternate dosing schedules in mice, we showed that intermittent inhibition of the PI3K and MAPK pathway is sufficient for efficacy in BRAF and KRAS mutant cancer cells."	( Intermittent administration of MEK inhibitor GDC-0973 plus PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 triggers robust apoptosis and tumor growth inhibition. Belvin, M; Berry, L; Chan, J; Den Otter, D; Engst, S; Friedman, LS; Hoeflich, KP; Johnston, S; Kasman, I; Koeppen, H; Merchant, M; Orr, C; Rice, K; Yang, NY, 2012)	0.38
"In metronomic chemotherapy, frequent drug administration at lower than maximally tolerated doses can improve activity while reducing the dose-limiting toxicity of conventional dosing schedules."	( VEGF receptor inhibitors block the ability of metronomically dosed cyclophosphamide to activate innate immunity-induced tumor regression. Doloff, JC; Waxman, DJ, 2012)	0.38
" Of the six patients enrolled in the next and lowest dosing level planned in the study, pazopanib 400 mg plus paclitaxel 175 mg m(-2) plus carboplatin AUC5, two patients also experienced DLTs and the study was terminated."	( Open-label feasibility study of pazopanib, carboplatin, and paclitaxel in women with newly diagnosed, untreated, gynaecologic tumours: a phase I/II trial of the AGO study group. Curtis, LB; du Bois, A; Harter, P; Mitrica, I; Ray-Coquard, I; Vergote, I; Wimberger, P, 2012)	0.38
" An understanding of axitinib's PK characteristics and common adverse events may allow for a tailored dosing approach in patients with cancer, in an attempt to maximize efficacy while minimizing toxicity."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of axitinib. B Cohen, R; Olszanski, AJ; Patson, B, 2012)	0.38
"This protocol can accommodate complex dosing schedules, as well as combine different cancer therapies."	( Quantitative MRI establishes the efficacy of PI3K inhibitor (GDC-0941) multi-treatments in PTEN-deficient mice lymphoma. Duce, SL; García-Martínez, JM; Wullschleger, S, 2012)	0.38
" On the other hand, the optimal combination and dosage of these drugs, selection of the apropriate biomarker and better understanding of the conflicting role of PDGFR and FGFR signaling in angiogenesis remain future challenges."	( [Possibilities for inhibiting tumor-induced angiogenesis: results with multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors]. Döme, B; Török, S, 2012)	0.38
" Similarly, oral dosing of WIN 18,446, which inhibits testicular retinoic acid biosynthesis, effectively contracepts rabbits."	( New approaches to male non-hormonal contraception. Amory, JK; Nya-Ngatchou, JJ, 2013)	0.39
" Multiple dosing levels were studied, combining pazopanib up to 800 mg/day with lapatinib up to 1,500 mg/day."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of pazopanib and lapatinib combination therapy in patients with advanced solid tumors. Arumugham, T; de Jonge, MJ; Hamberg, P; Hodge, J; Hurwitz, HI; Pandite, LN; Savage, S; Suttle, AB; Verweij, J, 2013)	0.39
" Mice were orally dosed over four weeks, grouped as follows: (A) control; (B) GDC-0941; (C) imatinib, and (D) GDC+IMA treatments."	( A potent combination of the novel PI3K Inhibitor, GDC-0941, with imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumor xenografts: long-lasting responses after treatment withdrawal. Debiec-Rychter, M; Deroose, CM; Fletcher, JA; Floris, G; Friedman, L; Li, H; Schöffski, P; Sciot, R; Van Looy, T; Vermaelen, P; Wellens, J; Wozniak, A, 2013)	0.39
" The mean starting dose for patients who initiated on sorafenib (n = 16) was 725 mg and for temsirolimus (n = 15) was 25 mg: their study samples were insufficient for further, meaningful dosing analyses."	( Treatment patterns: targeted therapies indicated for first-line management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma in a real-world setting. Borker, R; Fonseca, E; Hess, G, 2013)	0.39
" One compound of this series, (1R,2R)-N-(4-(6-isopropylpyridin-2-yl)-3-(2-methyl-2H-indazol-5-yl)isothiazol-5-yl)-2-methylcyclopropanecarboxamide (24), demonstrated satisfactory pharmacokinetic properties and, following oral dosing in rats, produced dose-dependent and long-lasting mGlu5 receptor occupancy."	( Discovery of (1R,2R)-N-(4-(6-isopropylpyridin-2-yl)-3-(2-methyl-2H-indazol-5-yl)isothiazol-5-yl)-2-methylcyclopropanecarboxamide, a potent and orally efficacious mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulator. Bracey-Walker, MR; Britton, TC; Catlow, JT; Clark, BP; Dehlinger, V; Dressman, BA; Fivush, AM; Hao, J; Heinz, BA; Henry, SS; Hollinshead, SP; Iyengar, S; Love, PL; Massey, SM; McKinzie, DL; Monn, JA; Peng, L; Peters, SC; Roberts, EF; Rudyk, HC; Simmons, RM; Swanson, S; Tepool, AD; Vokits, BP, 2013)	0.39
" In every case, we recommend to start the selected targeted agents at standard dosage and to pursue therapy as long as possible because the control of disease should be the primary endpoint for the management of mRCC."	( Management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma progressed after sunitinib or another antiangiogenic treatment. Cortesi, E; Iacovelli, R; Mezi, S; Naso, G; Palazzo, A; Pellegrino, D; Trenta, P, 2014)	0.4
" This can also reduce long-term toxicity and health risk if the effective dosing can be lowered in order to widen the margin between its safety and efficacy."	( Role of P-glycoprotein at the blood-testis barrier on adjudin distribution in the testis: a revisit of recent data. Bonanomi, M; Cheng, CY; Cheng, YH; Jenardhanan, P; Mathur, PP; Mok, KW; Mruk, DD; Silvestrini, B; Su, L, 2012)	0.38
" Vinflunine was dosed at 280 mg/m for the first dose and 320 mg/m every 3 weeks thereafter."	( Combined treatment with pazopanib and vinflunine in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma refractory after first-line therapy. Arndt, C; Ecke, TH; Eimer, C; Georgas, E; Gerullis, H; Otto, T, 2013)	0.39
" Tumor uptake of [(18)F]-FLT was significantly reduced following GDC-0941 dosing in responsive tumors at the acute time point and correlated with pharmacodynamic markers of PI3K signaling inhibition and significant reduction in TK1 expression in U87, but not HCT116, tumors."	( [18F]-FLT positron emission tomography can be used to image the response of sensitive tumors to PI3-kinase inhibition with the novel agent GDC-0941. Babur, M; Brown, G; Burrows, N; Cawthorne, C; Dive, C; Forster, D; Gieling, RG; Gregory, J; Hiscock, D; Hodgkinson, C; McMahon, A; Morrow, CJ; Radigois, M; Simpson, K; Smigova, A; Williams, KJ; Wilson, I, 2013)	0.39
" Alternative dosing regimens that do not increase gastric pH at the time of pazopanib dosing should be considered."	( Effects of ketoconazole and esomeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of pazopanib in patients with solid tumors. Botbyl, J; Edenfield, JW; Gibbon, DG; Gregory, C; Lindquist, D; Martin, JC; Stein, MN; Stephenson, JJ; Suttle, AB; Tada, H; Tan, AR, 2013)	0.39
"Alternate-day oral dosing of PF-04929113 at 74 mg/m(2) for 21/28 days was generally well tolerated with reversible toxicity."	( Phase I trial of the HSP90 inhibitor PF-04929113 (SNX5422) in adult patients with recurrent, refractory hematologic malignancies. Brega, N; Hinson, JM; Houk, BE; Jillela, A; Reddy, N; Voorhees, PM, 2013)	0.39
" Rats were acutely dosed with vortioxetine, ondansetron (5-HT3 receptor antagonist) or flesinoxan (5-HT1A receptor agonist)."	( Vortioxetine dose-dependently reverses 5-HT depletion-induced deficits in spatial working and object recognition memory: a potential role for 5-HT1A receptor agonism and 5-HT3 receptor antagonism. du Jardin, KG; Jensen, JB; Pehrson, AL; Sanchez, C, 2014)	0.4
" No adjustment of low dose metronomic topotecan dosing is merited when used in conjunction with pazopanib."	( Combination metronomic oral topotecan and pazopanib: a pharmacokinetic study in patients with gynecological cancer. Harstead, KE; Stewart, CF; Throm, SL; Tillmanns, TD; Turner, DC, 2013)	0.39
" However, the optimal dosing regimen for linifanib in HCC patients is not yet known."	( Exposure-response (safety) analysis to identify linifanib dose for a Phase III study in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Carlson, DM; Chiu, YL; Pradhan, RS; Ricker, JL, 2013)	0.39
"This study attempts to identify a linifanib dose or dosing regimen with an acceptable safety profile for a Phase III study in HCC patients."	( Exposure-response (safety) analysis to identify linifanib dose for a Phase III study in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Carlson, DM; Chiu, YL; Pradhan, RS; Ricker, JL, 2013)	0.39
" The predicted AE range for females was slightly higher compared with males; however, the AE range is tighter for the weight range for fixed dosing compared with weight-based dosing, regardless of sex."	( Exposure-response (safety) analysis to identify linifanib dose for a Phase III study in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Carlson, DM; Chiu, YL; Pradhan, RS; Ricker, JL, 2013)	0.39
" Comparison of weight-based and fixed dosing revealed predicted AE rates to be similar, with a tighter AE range for fixed dosing."	( Exposure-response (safety) analysis to identify linifanib dose for a Phase III study in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Carlson, DM; Chiu, YL; Pradhan, RS; Ricker, JL, 2013)	0.39
" Given these findings, dosing of GDC-0941 in clinical trials was not constrained relative to fasted/fed states, but the concomitant use of ARAs was restricted."	( Impact of food and the proton pump inhibitor rabeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of GDC-0941 in healthy volunteers: bench to bedside investigation of pH-dependent solubility. Dalziel, G; Ding, X; Dresser, MJ; Fridyland, J; Holden, SN; Jin, JY; Morrisson, G; Pellett, JD; Salphati, L; Smelick, GS; Sutton, R; Ware, JA; West, DA, 2013)	0.39
" With current dosing regimens, axitinib plus FOLFOX or FOLFIRI seems to be less well tolerated than bevacizumab-based regimens."	( Axitinib or bevacizumab plus FOLFIRI or modified FOLFOX-6 after failure of first-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized phase II study. Barone, C; Bendell, JC; Bloom, J; Kim, JG; Kim, S; Pastorelli, D; Pericay, C; Ricart, AD; Rosbrook, B; Sobrero, AF; Swieboda-Sadlej, A; Tarazi, J; Tournigand, C; Wainberg, ZA, 2013)	0.39
"6-mg/kg doses, producing a bell-shaped dose-response curve."	( The alpha-7 nicotinic receptor partial agonist/5-HT3 antagonist RG3487 enhances cortical and hippocampal dopamine and acetylcholine release. Felix, AR; Huang, M; Kwon, S; Lowe, D; Meltzer, HY; Santarelli, L; Wallace, T, 2014)	0.4
"We evaluated week-on/week-off axitinib dosing plus chemotherapy in patients with gastrointestinal tumours, including tumour thymidine uptake by fluorine-18 3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine positron emission tomography ((18)FLT-PET)."	( Intermittent dosing of axitinib combined with chemotherapy is supported by (18)FLT-PET in gastrointestinal tumours. Bendell, JC; Burris, HA; Hoh, CK; Infante, JR; Kim, S; Reid, TR; Rosbrook, B; Tarazi, J, 2014)	0.4
") axitinib 7 mg (n=3) or 10 mg (n=18) for 7 days followed by a 7-day dosing interruption; serial (18)FLT-PET scans were performed before day 1 and on days 7, 10, and 14."	( Intermittent dosing of axitinib combined with chemotherapy is supported by (18)FLT-PET in gastrointestinal tumours. Bendell, JC; Burris, HA; Hoh, CK; Infante, JR; Kim, S; Reid, TR; Rosbrook, B; Tarazi, J, 2014)	0.4
" Moreover, given the expected chronic dosing regimen of any asthma treatment, highly selective as well as potent inhibitors would be strongly preferred in any potential therapeutic."	( Discovery and optimization of indazoles as potent and selective interleukin-2 inducible T cell kinase (ITK) inhibitors. Burch, JD; Chen, Y; De La Torre, K; Ding, X; Eigenbrot, C; Johnson, A; Liimatta, M; Liu, Y; Magnuson, S; Ortwine, DF; Pastor, RM; Pei, Z; Shia, S; Wang, X; Wu, LC, 2014)	0.69
" Thirty-four patients received dosing regimens to evaluate linifanib pharmacokinetic parameters under fasting and non-fasting conditions and with morning or evening dosing."	( Results of a phase 1, randomized study evaluating the effects of food and diurnal variation on the pharmacokinetics of linifanib. Chiu, YL; LoRusso, P; Ricker, JL; Xiong, H, 2014)	0.4
" Evening dosing after a 2-h fast had a negligible effect on AUC₂₄; however, the dose-normalized Cmax of linifanib after evening dosing was 64 % of that after morning dosing following a 10-h fast."	( Results of a phase 1, randomized study evaluating the effects of food and diurnal variation on the pharmacokinetics of linifanib. Chiu, YL; LoRusso, P; Ricker, JL; Xiong, H, 2014)	0.4
" The average daily dosage of pazopanib was greater than 700 mg in both cohorts (P = 0."	( Persistence and compliance with pazopanib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma within a U.S. administrative claims database. Hackshaw, MD; Miller, LA; Nagar, SP; Parks, DC, 2014)	0.4
"An overview of the responses to some of the most frequently asked questions regarding axitinib administration and dosage modifications used in clinical practice are presented."	( Common questions regarding clinical use of axitinib in advanced renal cell carcinoma. Arruda, LS; Borst, DL; MacLean, E; Morgado, JE; Pithavala, YK, 2014)	0.4
" A large number of questions were related to administration of axitinib in different patient populations or in patients with various comorbidities, such as its (1) use in patients unable to swallow oral medication or administration of axitinib via a nasogastric tube, (2) use in patients with renal or hepatic impairment, (3) central nervous system penetration and use in patients with brain metastases, (4) drug interactions, particularly with anticoagulants, and (5) dosage modifications."	( Common questions regarding clinical use of axitinib in advanced renal cell carcinoma. Arruda, LS; Borst, DL; MacLean, E; Morgado, JE; Pithavala, YK, 2014)	0.4
"Based on the published literature and company data on file, the axitinib dosage may be modified to accommodate patients with renal or hepatic impairment, who cannot swallow oral medication, are receiving concomitant warfarin, or who cannot otherwise tolerate the standard dosage regimen."	( Common questions regarding clinical use of axitinib in advanced renal cell carcinoma. Arruda, LS; Borst, DL; MacLean, E; Morgado, JE; Pithavala, YK, 2014)	0.4
" Twenty-five patients received treatment in three dosing cohorts and were evaluated for safety and tolerability of the combination and pharmacokinetics of individual drugs."	( A phase I open-label study of the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of pazopanib in combination with irinotecan and cetuximab for relapsed or refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Bennouna, J; Botbyl, J; de Labareyre, C; Delord, JP; Deslandres, M; Ruiz-Soto, R; Senellart, H; Suttle, AB; Wixon, C, 2015)	0.42
" The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of pharmacokinetics (PK)-guided individualized dosing to reduce the interpatient variability in pazopanib exposure."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring to individualize the dosing of pazopanib: a pharmacokinetic feasibility study. de Wit, D; den Hartigh, J; den Hollander-van Deursen, M; Gelderblom, H; Guchelaar, HJ; Labots, M; van Erp, NP; Verheul, HM; Wolterbeek, R, 2015)	0.42
" During the third period, these 2 dosing regimens were switched."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring to individualize the dosing of pazopanib: a pharmacokinetic feasibility study. de Wit, D; den Hartigh, J; den Hollander-van Deursen, M; Gelderblom, H; Guchelaar, HJ; Labots, M; van Erp, NP; Verheul, HM; Wolterbeek, R, 2015)	0.42
"The interpatient variability in pazopanib AUC0-24h during fixed dosing (27."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring to individualize the dosing of pazopanib: a pharmacokinetic feasibility study. de Wit, D; den Hartigh, J; den Hollander-van Deursen, M; Gelderblom, H; Guchelaar, HJ; Labots, M; van Erp, NP; Verheul, HM; Wolterbeek, R, 2015)	0.42
"PK-guided dosing did not reduce the interpatient variability in pazopanib exposure."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring to individualize the dosing of pazopanib: a pharmacokinetic feasibility study. de Wit, D; den Hartigh, J; den Hollander-van Deursen, M; Gelderblom, H; Guchelaar, HJ; Labots, M; van Erp, NP; Verheul, HM; Wolterbeek, R, 2015)	0.42
"Aims of these analyses were to (1) develop a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for describing the relationship between axitinib exposure and changes in diastolic BP (dBP) and (2) simulate changes in dBP with different axitinib dosing regimens."	( Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of 24-h diastolic ambulatory blood pressure changes mediated by axitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Bair, AH; Chen, Y; Mugundu, GM; Pithavala, YK; Rini, BI, 2015)	0.42
"Sixty patients with solid tumors received pictilisib at 14 dose levels from 15 to 450 mg once-daily, initially on days 1 to 21 every 28 days and later, using continuous dosing for selected dose levels."	( First-in-human phase I study of pictilisib (GDC-0941), a potent pan-class I phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Ang, JE; Baird, R; Clarke, PA; de Bono, JS; Derynck, MK; Fredrickson, J; Friedman, LS; Kaye, SB; Kristeleit, R; Lackner, MR; Levy, G; Lin, R; Mazina, K; Moreno, V; Raynaud, FI; Sarker, D; Shah, K; Spoerke, JM; Ware, JA; Workman, P; Wu, J; Yan, Y, 2015)	0.42
" The recommended phase II dose was continuous dosing at 330 mg once-daily."	( First-in-human phase I study of pictilisib (GDC-0941), a potent pan-class I phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Ang, JE; Baird, R; Clarke, PA; de Bono, JS; Derynck, MK; Fredrickson, J; Friedman, LS; Kaye, SB; Kristeleit, R; Lackner, MR; Levy, G; Lin, R; Mazina, K; Moreno, V; Raynaud, FI; Sarker, D; Shah, K; Spoerke, JM; Ware, JA; Workman, P; Wu, J; Yan, Y, 2015)	0.42
" Additionally, a 3% annual discount rate was applied to costs, and the robustness of the model results was tested by conducting sensitivity analyses, including those on dosing scheme and post-progression treatment costs."	( Lifetime cost of everolimus vs axitinib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma who failed prior sunitinib therapy in the US. Casciano, R; Chua, A; Culver, K; Garrison, LP; Gorritz, M; Liu, Z; Pal, S; Perrin, A; Sherman, S; Wang, X, 2015)	0.42
" We could show variability in plasma levels according to changes in dosage of TKIs or during treatment-free intervals."	( [Metastasized renal cell carcinoma. Measurement of plasma levels of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors sunitinib, sorafenib and pazopanib]. Götze, L; Hegele, A; Hofmann, R; Keil, C; Nockher, WA; Olbert, P, 2015)	0.42
" These results confirmed that drug release from the axitinib nanowafer is more effective in inhibiting CNV compared to the topical eye drop treatment even at a lower dosing frequency."	( Ocular drug delivery nanowafer with enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Acharya, G; Hua, X; Isenhart, LC; Marcano, DC; Pflugfelder, SC; Shin, CS; Yuan, X, 2015)	0.42
"The recommended phase II dosage was oral pazopanib at 600 mg daily plus oral vorinostat at 300 mg daily."	( Phase I study of pazopanib and vorinostat: a therapeutic approach for inhibiting mutant p53-mediated angiogenesis and facilitating mutant p53 degradation. Araujo, D; Fu, S; Hess, K; Hong, D; Hou, MM; Hwu, P; Janku, F; Karp, D; Kee, B; Kurzrock, R; Meric-Bernstam, F; Naing, A; Piha-Paul, S; Subbiah, V; Tsimberidou, A; Wheler, J; Wolff, R; Zinner, R, 2015)	0.42
" Optimized analogues were shown to reduce IL-2 and IL-13 production in vivo following oral or intraperitoneal dosing in mice."	( Tetrahydroindazoles as Interleukin-2 Inducible T-Cell Kinase Inhibitors. Part II. Second-Generation Analogues with Enhanced Potency, Selectivity, and Pharmacodynamic Modulation in Vivo. Barker, JJ; Barrett, K; Burch, JD; Chen, Y; DeVoss, J; Eigenbrot, C; Ellebrandt, C; Goldsmith, R; Hu, B; Ismaili, MH; Kordt, D; Lau, K; Lin, Z; McEwan, PA; Ortwine, DF; Pei, Z; Stein, DB; Wang, X; Xu, X; Yuen, PW; Zarrin, AA; Zhang, Y, 2015)	0.82
" We explored a novel dosing schedule to assess safety, toxicity and activity in patients with advanced solid tumors."	( Phase I combination of pazopanib and everolimus in PIK3CA mutation positive/PTEN loss patients with advanced solid tumors refractory to standard therapy. Bellido, J; Falchook, G; Fu, S; Hong, D; Janku, F; Karp, D; Ke, D; Kurzrock, R; Lim, J; Naing, A; Piha-Paul, S; Rodrigues, HV; Stephen, B; Subbiah, V; Tsimberidou, A; Wheler, J; Zinner, R, 2015)	0.42
" Clinically, continuous dosing of pazopanib/lapatinib combination was associated with a higher response rate than with lapatinib monotherapy, with poor tolerance."	( A phase 1 study of intermittently administered pazopanib in combination with continuous daily dosing of lapatinib in patients with solid tumors. Fu, S; George, GC; Henary, H; Hong, DS; Kurzrock, R; Mistry, R; Naing, A; Piha-Paul, S; Wheler, J; Zinner, R, 2015)	0.42
"The present study used a phase 1, modified 3 + 3, dose-escalation design to evaluate the safety and tolerability of the combination of orally received pazopanib once every other day with continuous daily dosing of lapatinib for 28 days."	( A phase 1 study of intermittently administered pazopanib in combination with continuous daily dosing of lapatinib in patients with solid tumors. Fu, S; George, GC; Henary, H; Hong, DS; Kurzrock, R; Mistry, R; Naing, A; Piha-Paul, S; Wheler, J; Zinner, R, 2015)	0.42
"Every other day dosing of pazopanib combined with daily lapatinib was tolerated at the established MTD, but no complete or partial tumor responses were observed at these dose levels."	( A phase 1 study of intermittently administered pazopanib in combination with continuous daily dosing of lapatinib in patients with solid tumors. Fu, S; George, GC; Henary, H; Hong, DS; Kurzrock, R; Mistry, R; Naing, A; Piha-Paul, S; Wheler, J; Zinner, R, 2015)	0.42
"This phase I study evaluated the safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and pharmacokinetics of two dosing schedules of oral topotecan in combination with pazopanib in patients with advanced solid tumours."	( Phase I and pharmacological study of pazopanib in combination with oral topotecan in patients with advanced solid tumours. Devriese, LA; Giantonio, BJ; Kerklaan, BM; Lane, S; Langenberg, M; Legenne, P; Lolkema, MP; Mergui-Roelvink, M; Mykulowycz, K; Nol-Boekel, A; Schellens, JH; Smith, DA; Stoebenau, J; Voest, EE; Wissel, P; Witteveen, PO, 2015)	0.42
" Acute oral and subchronic dosing in MLi-2 mice resulted in dose-dependent central and peripheral target inhibition over a 24-hour period as measured by dephosphorylation of pSer935 LRRK2."	( MLi-2, a Potent, Selective, and Centrally Active Compound for Exploring the Therapeutic Potential and Safety of LRRK2 Kinase Inhibition. Basu, K; Cheewatrakoolpong, B; DeMong, DE; Ellis, JM; Fell, MJ; Hyde, LA; Kennedy, ME; Lin, Y; Markgraf, CG; Mei, H; Miller, M; Mirescu, C; Morrow, JA; Parker, EM; Poulet, FM; Scott, JD; Smith, MD; Yin, Z; Zhou, X, 2015)	0.42
"To describe dosing patterns and to compare the drug costs per month spent in progression-free survival (PFS) among patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) treated with everolimus or axitinib following a first tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)."	( Real-world dosing and drug costs with everolimus or axitinib as second targeted therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective chart review in the US. Jonasch, E; Li, N; Liu, Z; Pal, SK; Perez, JR; Reichmann, WM; Signorovitch, JE; Vogelzang, NJ, 2016)	0.43
" Real-world dosing patterns were summarized."	( Real-world dosing and drug costs with everolimus or axitinib as second targeted therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective chart review in the US. Jonasch, E; Li, N; Liu, Z; Pal, SK; Perez, JR; Reichmann, WM; Signorovitch, JE; Vogelzang, NJ, 2016)	0.43
" Both 27 and 48 demonstrated robust activity in the acute rat monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis model of pain, and subchronic dosing of 48 showed a shift to a lower EC50 over 7 days."	( Substituted Indazoles as Nav1.7 Blockers for the Treatment of Pain. Daanen, JF; DeGoey, DA; El-Kouhen, OF; Fricano, MM; Frost, JM; Ghoreishi-Haack, N; Gum, RJ; Hsieh, GC; Kort, ME; Lundgaard, GL; Matulenko, MA; Neelands, T; Pai, M; Shi, L; Zhan, C; Zhang, XF, 2016)	0.81
" Using a mass spectrometry-based metabolomics platform, we discovered that plasma concentrations of 26 metabolites, including amino acids, acylcarnitines, and phosphatidylcholines, were decreased in mice bearing PTEN-deficient tumors compared with non-tumor-bearing controls and in addition were increased following dosing with class I PI3K inhibitor pictilisib (GDC-0941)."	( Plasma Metabolomic Changes following PI3K Inhibition as Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers: Preclinical Discovery to Phase I Trial Evaluation. Ang, JC; Ang, JE; Asad, YJ; Baird, RD; Box, G; de Bono, JS; de Haven Brandon, A; Derynck, M; Eccles, SA; Friedman, L; Henley, AT; Kaye, SB; Pandher, R; Raynaud, FI; Valenti, M; Vanhaesebroeck, B; Workman, P, 2016)	0.43
"Human keratinocyte cells (HKCs) were isolated from child or adult foreskins and irradiated with LED light with a wavelength of 640 nm and a dosage of 12 or 24 J/cm(2)."	( Light-Emitting Diode Irradiation (640 nm) Regulates Keratinocyte Migration and Cytoskeletal Reorganization Via Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α. Cheng, B; Huang, C; Qian, SL; Sun, LY, 2016)	0.43
"A consensus has not been reached regarding the optimal pazopanib dosing schedule, which we determined in patients who received pazopanib at our Institution."	( Balancing Prolonged Survival with QoL Using Low-dose Pazopanib Maintenance: A Comparison with the PALETTE Study. Abe, K; Hayashi, K; Higuchi, T; Inatani, H; Miwa, S; Takeuchi, A; Taniguchi, Y; Tsuchiya, H; Yamamoto, N, 2016)	0.43
"To (a) characterize demographic and clinical characteristics among patients with RCC newly initiating sunitinib or pazopanib, using a large administrative claims dataset; (b) characterize treatment patterns, persistence, and costs for each treatment group; and (c) assess the effect on treatment patterns and costs for sunitinib by substituting 42 days for prescriptions with 28- or 30-day supplies to account for sunitinib's 4-week on/2-week off dosing schedule."	( Real-World Treatment Patterns and Costs for Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma Initiating Treatment with Sunitinib and Pazopanib. Cisar, LA; Harnett, J; Hoang, CJ; MacLean, E; Mardekian, J, 2016)	0.43
" The effect of substituting days supply values was demonstrated as an approach to considering differences in dosing cycles."	( Real-World Treatment Patterns and Costs for Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma Initiating Treatment with Sunitinib and Pazopanib. Cisar, LA; Harnett, J; Hoang, CJ; MacLean, E; Mardekian, J, 2016)	0.43
"Our findings indicate that 20%EN is the minimally effective dosage of EN which promotes the recovery of intestinal barrier function after IRI in a rat model."	( Partial Enteral Nutrition Mitigated Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Damage of Rat Small Intestinal Barrier. Gao, X; Jiang, T; Li, C; Li, J; Li, N; Tian, F; Wang, X; Wu, C; Zhang, L, 2016)	0.43
" Knowledge of predictors that can be used to guide dosing regimens in the target population and in special populations needs to be improved."	( Clinical pharmacology, drug-drug interactions and safety of pazopanib: a review. Alexandre, J; Arrondeau, J; Blanchet, B; Boudou-Rouquette, P; Goldwasser, F; Huillard, O; Jouinot, A; Thomas-Schoemann, A; Tlemsani, C; Vidal, M, 2016)	0.43
"A mechanistic model of airway deposition, mucociliary clearance, dissolution, absorption, and dissipation was applied to simulate systemic exposure of the novel selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator, AZD5423, when dosed to healthy volunteers using two different nebulizers and two different dry powder inhalers in combination with two different primary particle size distributions."	( Predicting Exposure After Oral Inhalation of the Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator, AZD5423, Based on Dose, Deposition Pattern, and Mechanistic Modeling of Pulmonary Disposition. Bäckman, P; Olsson, B; Tehler, U, 2017)	0.46
" Sixteen patients enrolled in the pharmacodynamic cohort demonstrated significant decreases in SUVs and increases in VEGF during dosing periods."	( Bruce, JY; Carmichael, L; Eickhoff, J; Jeraj, R; Kolesar, J; Liu, G; Perlman, S; Scarpelli, M, 2016)	0.43
"Response to axitinib included diminished FLT uptake during dosing periods followed by increased FLT uptake during drug washout periods."	( Bruce, JY; Carmichael, L; Eickhoff, J; Jeraj, R; Kolesar, J; Liu, G; Perlman, S; Scarpelli, M, 2016)	0.43
" As a result of this, clinical trials have explored individualized pazopanib dosing, which demonstrate the safety and feasibility of individualized pazopanib dosing based on trough levels."	( Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Pazopanib: Towards Optimized Dosing. Beijnen, JH; Huitema, ADR; Schellens, JHM; Steeghs, N; Verheijen, RB, 2017)	0.46
" The patient, however, experienced adverse events such as diarrhea and hand foot syndrome, and the axitinib dosage was titrated."	( [A Case of Hydrocephalus Due to Brain Metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma Successfully Treated with Axitinib]. Iwamura, M; Koguchi, D; Minamida, S; Shimura, S; Taoka, Y, 2017)	0.46
"The primary objective was to determine the recommended phase 2 dosing (RP2D)."	( A Phase 1 Study of LY2874455, an Oral Selective pan-FGFR Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Cancer. Bang, YJ; Hamid, O; Kang, YK; Kim, TM; Michael, M; Park, YS; Raddad, E; Tate, SC; Thornton, D; Tie, J, 2017)	0.46
" This study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and dose-response characteristics of inhaled GSK2269557, a PI3Kδ inhibitor, in moderate-to-severe COPD patients with stable disease."	( Safety, pharmacokinetics and dose-response characteristics of GSK2269557, an inhaled PI3Kδ inhibitor under development for the treatment of COPD. Begg, M; Cahn, A; Dunsire, L; Fuhr, R; Galinanes-Garcia, L; Hamblin, JN; Hessel, EM; Kirsten, AM; Leemereise, CN; Montembault, M; Sriskantharajah, S; Watz, H; Wilson, R, 2017)	0.46
"Wild type mice were dosed for 42 days via oral gavage, and separated into control and treatment (pazopanib) groups."	( Pazopanib for renal cell carcinoma leads to elevated mean arterial pressures in a murine model. Cefalu, M; Guo, A; Ho, TH; Janssen, P; Justice, C; Kempton, A; Makara, M; Smith, SA, 2018)	0.48
"After 2 weeks of dosing with pazopanib, the treatment group exhibited a statistically significant increase in mean arterial pressure compared to control mice (119 ± 11."	( Pazopanib for renal cell carcinoma leads to elevated mean arterial pressures in a murine model. Cefalu, M; Guo, A; Ho, TH; Janssen, P; Justice, C; Kempton, A; Makara, M; Smith, SA, 2018)	0.48
"Our findings in mice clearly demonstrate that treatment with pazopanib leads to a significant elevation in blood pressure after 2 weeks of dosing and this persists for the duration of dosing."	( Pazopanib for renal cell carcinoma leads to elevated mean arterial pressures in a murine model. Cefalu, M; Guo, A; Ho, TH; Janssen, P; Justice, C; Kempton, A; Makara, M; Smith, SA, 2018)	0.48
" This led to the discovery of AZD9567 (15) with excellent in vivo efficacy when dosed orally in a rat model of joint inflammation."	( Discovery of a Novel Oral Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator (AZD9567) with Improved Side Effect Profile. Berger, M; Bird, J; Chang, HF; Chapman, D; Dearman, M; Drmota, T; Edenro, G; Edman, K; Geschwindner, S; Harrison, R; Hegelund-Myrbäck, T; Hendrickx, R; Köhler, C; Lawitz, K; Lepistö, M; Llinas, A; Malmberg, J; Nikitidis, A; Olsson, RI; Ripa, L; Svanberg, P; Thorne, P; Ullah, V; Wissler, L, 2018)	0.48
" Dosing and administration inputs were consistent with approved prescribing information and the clinical trials used to estimate efficacy and safety inputs."	( The Additional Costs per Month of Progression-Free Survival and Overall Survival: An Economic Model Comparing Everolimus with Cabozantinib, Nivolumab, and Axitinib for Second-Line Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Duchesneau, E; Ghate, S; McDonald, E; Messali, A; Perez, JR; Swallow, E, 2018)	0.48
" As a result of toxicity, the clinical failures or the modest benefits associated with antiangiogenic TKI therapy may be related in some cases to suboptimal drug dosing and scheduling, thereby facilitating resistance."	( Preclinical impact of high dose intermittent antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib in intrinsically resistant tumor models. Kerbel, RS; Man, S; Reguera-Nuñez, E; Xu, P, 2018)	0.48
" There were 19 adverse events (AE) including one severe AE (elevated LFTs, withdrawn from dosing at 43 days); with no serious AE."	( Pazopanib may reduce bleeding in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Berry, P; Chakinala, MM; Donaldson, J; Faughnan, ME; Gossage, JR; Hughes, CCW; Kasthuri, R; McWilliams, JP; Oh, SP; Parambil, JG; Paul, G; Sprecher, DL; Vozoris, N, 2019)	0.51
"The dose escalation, confirmation, and expansion results support the dosing of merestinib at 120 mg once daily, based on acceptable exposure and safety at this dose."	( First-in-Human Phase I Study of Merestinib, an Oral Multikinase Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Cancer. Birnbaum, A; Cohen, RB; Denlinger, CS; Giles, J; He, AR; Hwang, J; Lewis, N; Moser, B; Mynderse, M; Niland, M; Plimack, ER; Sama, A; Sato, T; Walgren, R; Wallin, J; Zhang, W, 2019)	0.51
" Efficacy analyses were additionally done in all dosed patients with measurable disease at baseline."	( Niraparib monotherapy for late-line treatment of ovarian cancer (QUADRA): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial. Azodi, M; Berek, JS; Chan, JK; Cloven, N; Cristea, M; DiSilvestro, P; Fleming, GF; Geller, MA; Li, Y; Luptakova, K; Matei, DE; Matulonis, UA; Miller, DS; Monk, BJ; Moore, KN; Oza, AM; Rimel, BJ; Secord, AA; Sun, K; Wahner Hendrickson, AE, 2019)	0.51
" Sunitinib had more dosage reductions and higher PPPM (weighted mean difference = - 1."	( Pazopanib has equivalent anti-tumor effectiveness and lower Total costs than Sunitinib for treating metastatic or advanced renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Cao, Z; Deng, H; Hong, Z; Huang, Y; Wei, Y; Yuan, X; Zhang, W, 2019)	0.51
"5 mL; n = 7), dosed once every 24 hours for 21 days."	( Long-term cardiovascular effects of vandetanib and pazopanib in normotensive rats. Carter, JJ; Cooper, SL; March, J; Woolard, J, 2019)	0.51
"Continuous daily oral dosing of CFI-400945 was evaluated using a 3+3 design guided by incidence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) in the first 28-day cycle."	( Safety and tolerability of CFI-400945, a first-in-class, selective PLK4 inhibitor in advanced solid tumours: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial. Bedard, PL; Bray, MR; Brokx, R; Bruce, J; Cescon, DW; Denny, T; Fletcher, G; Li, SW; Mak, TW; Pugh, TJ; Sampson, P; Slamon, DJ; Veitch, ZW; Wainberg, ZA; Yonemoto, LM, 2019)	0.51
" In an acute dog glucagon challenge test, compound 13K significantly inhibited glucagon-mediated blood glucose increase when dosed orally at 10 mg/kg."	( Discovery of potent and orally bioavailable indazole-based glucagon receptor antagonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Demarest, K; DesJarlais, RL; DiLoreto, K; Du, F; Eckardt, A; Gaul, MD; Liang, Y; Rentzeperis, D; Santulli, R; Shook, B; Song, F; Xu, G, 2019)	0.51
"Dose modifications when required because of AEs were associated with improved efficacy, suggesting that AEs might be used as a surrogate marker of adequate dosing for individual patients."	( COMPARZ Post Hoc Analysis: Characterizing Pazopanib Responders With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. Bjarnason, GA; Choueiri, TK; Dezzani, L; Grünwald, V; Han, J; Hutson, TE; Kollmannsberger, C; Motzer, RJ; Porta, C; Sternberg, CN; Tannir, NM, 2019)	0.51
" In this review, an overview of the current knowledge on TDM guided individualized dosing of imatinib, sunitinib and pazopanib for the treatment of solid tumours is presented."	( Imatinib, sunitinib and pazopanib: From flat-fixed dosing towards a pharmacokinetically guided personalized dose. Desar, IME; Steeghs, N; van der Graaf, WTA; van Erp, NP; Westerdijk, K, 2020)	0.56
"Entrectinib is active with durable disease control in patients with ROS1 fusion-positive NSCLC, and is well tolerated with a manageable safety profile, making it amenable to long-term dosing in these patients."	( Entrectinib in ROS1 fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: integrated analysis of three phase 1-2 trials. Ahn, MJ; Arkenau, HT; Barlesi, F; Chae, YK; Chiu, CH; Cho, BC; Chow-Maneval, E; Chung, CH; Cui, N; de Braud, F; Doebele, RC; Drilon, A; Dziadziuszko, R; Eng, S; Goto, K; John, T; Johnson, A; Karapetis, CS; Kim, SW; Krebs, MG; Li, YC; Lin, CC; Murakami, H; Ohe, Y; Otterson, GA; Patel, MR; Prenen, H; Riehl, T; Rolfo, C; Seto, T; Shaw, AT; Siena, S; Simmons, B; Tan, DSW; Wilson, TR; Wolf, J, 2020)	0.56
" Pharmacokinetic sampling was performed at steady-state for both dosing schedules."	( Cost-Neutral Optimization of Pazopanib Exposure by Splitting Intake Moments: A Prospective Pharmacokinetic Study in Cancer Patients. Beijnen, JH; de Vries, N; Groenland, SL; Huitema, ADR; Koolen, SLW; Mathijssen, RHJ; Rosing, H; Steeghs, N; Thijssen, B; van Eerden, RAG; Verheijen, RB, 2020)	0.56
" Based on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models, TNFα dose-response relationships for AZD9567 and prednisolone were established."	( Estimation of Equipotent Doses for Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Prednisolone and AZD9567, an Oral Selective Nonsteroidal Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator. Almquist, J; Eriksson, UG; Hegelund Myrbäck, T; Leander, J; Prothon, S; Sadiq, MW, 2020)	0.56
" Pazopanib is administered orally at an initial dosage of 800 mg once daily."	( A single-arm confirmatory trial of pazopanib in patients with paclitaxel-pretreated primary cutaneous angiosarcoma: Japan Clinical Oncology Group study (JCOG1605, JCOG-PCAS protocol). Maeda, T; Nakano, E; Namikawa, K; Oashi, K; Shibata, T; Takahashi, A; Teramoto, Y; Tsutsumida, A; Yamazaki, N; Yokota, K, 2020)	0.56
" In determining which patients should be offered front-line maintenance PARP inhibitors, and which agent to use, there are multiple factors to consider, including FDA indication, dosing preference, toxicity, risks versus benefits for each patient population, and cost."	( Movement of Poly-ADP Ribose (PARP) Inhibition into Frontline Treatment of Ovarian Cancer. Coleman, RL; Onstad, M; Westin, SN, 2020)	0.56
" PK-guided dosing significantly increased median time-to-treatment discontinuation (252 vs 74 days, P = ."	( Pharmacokinetically guided dosing has the potential to improve real-world outcomes of pazopanib. Azumi, M; Fukudo, M; Shibata, H; Tamaki, G; Tandai, S, 2021)	0.62
" Individualized niraparib dosing is effective and safe and should be considered standard practice in this setting."	( Niraparib maintenance therapy in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer using an individualized starting dose (NORA): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial Abulizi, G; An, RF; Chen, LP; Chen, QH; Cui, H; Gao, YN; Hao, M; Hou, JM; Huang, XH; Huang, Y; Kong, BH; Li, GL; Liu, JH; Liu, ZL; Lou, G; Lu, WG; Lu, X; Mirza, MR; Tian, XF; Wang, DB; Wang, J; Wang, K; Wang, L; Wen, H; Wu, LY; Wu, XH; Yan, XJ; Yang, HY; Yang, JX; Yin, RT; Zhang, C; Zhang, Y; Zhou, Q; Zhu, JQ, 2021)	0.62
" To develop a tractable alternative animal model platform, we dosed male mice in-diet with the potent, highly selective LRRK2 kinase inhibitor MLi-2 and induced histomorphological changes in lung within 1 week."	( Characterization of the Onset, Progression, and Reversibility of Morphological Changes in Mouse Lung after Pharmacological Inhibition of Leucine-Rich Kinase 2 Kinase Activity. Bryce, DK; Ciaccio, PJ; Ellis, JM; Fell, MJ; Hegde, LG; Kennedy, ME; Kuruvilla, S; Maddess, ML; Markgraf, CG; Otte, KM; Poulet, FM; Timmins, LM; Ware, CM; Woodhouse, JD, 2021)	0.62
"5 years (range 75-91) were included in three dosing cohorts (400, 600, and 800 mg daily)."	( VOTRAGE study: Phase I dose-escalation study of pazopanib in unfit older patients. Balardy, L; Cabarrou, B; Chatelut, E; Digue, L; Filleron, T; Gomez-Roca, CA; Le Louedec, F; Mourey, L; Olivier, P; Paludetto, MN; Ravaud, A; Valentin, T, 2021)	0.62
" We describe development of a combined physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for entrectinib and M5 to support dosing recommendations when entrectinib is co-administered with CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers."	( Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Entrectinib Parent and Active Metabolite to Support Regulatory Decision-Making. Buchheit, V; Cleary, Y; Djebli, N; Fowler, S; Frey, N; Guerini, E; Meneses-Lorente, G; Mercier, F; Parrott, N; Phipps, A; Yu, L, 2021)	0.62
"The model simulations were used to derive dosing recommendations for co-administering entrectinib with CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers."	( Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Entrectinib Parent and Active Metabolite to Support Regulatory Decision-Making. Buchheit, V; Cleary, Y; Djebli, N; Fowler, S; Frey, N; Guerini, E; Meneses-Lorente, G; Mercier, F; Parrott, N; Phipps, A; Yu, L, 2021)	0.62
" A weight- and platelet count-based individualised dosage regimen introduced during the trial (and subsequently approved) appeared to improve haematological tolerability."	( Niraparib: A Review in First-Line Maintenance Therapy in Advanced Ovarian Cancer. Lee, A, 2021)	0.62
" Starting treatment at a personalised lower dosage may also reduce the likelihood of adverse drug reactions."	( Niraparib: A Review in First-Line Maintenance Therapy in Advanced Ovarian Cancer. Lee, A, 2021)	0.62
" The terminal half-life following repeated dosing was 25-31 hours and steady state conditions for velsecorat in plasma were generally reached within 4 doses."	( Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator Velsecorat (AZD7594) Following Inhalation in Healthy Volunteers. Aggarwal, A; Aurivillius, M; Chen, Y; Eriksson, UG; Prothon, S; Tehler, U, 2022)	0.72
" Niraparib dosing was at the treating physician's discretion (300 mg/day fixed starting dose or individualised starting dose [ISD] according to baseline body weight and platelet count)."	( Real-world safety and effectiveness of maintenance niraparib for platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer: A GEICO retrospective observational study within the Spanish expanded-access programme. Barquin, A; Churruca, C; Constenla, M; Cueva, JF; de Juan, A; Estévez, P; Fernández, I; Gallego, A; García, Y; González-Martín, A; Guerra, E; Herrero, A; Juárez, A; Legerén, M; Manso, L; Marquina, G; Martín, C; Martín, T; Martínez Bueno, A; Maximiano, C; Palacio, I; Pardo, B; Quindós, M; Sánchez, L; Santaballa, A; Yubero, A, 2023)	0.91
" Dose interruptions, dose reductions, haematological toxicities and asthenia/fatigue were less common with ISD than fixed starting dose niraparib, but progression-free survival was similar irrespective of dosing strategy."	( Real-world safety and effectiveness of maintenance niraparib for platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer: A GEICO retrospective observational study within the Spanish expanded-access programme. Barquin, A; Churruca, C; Constenla, M; Cueva, JF; de Juan, A; Estévez, P; Fernández, I; Gallego, A; García, Y; González-Martín, A; Guerra, E; Herrero, A; Juárez, A; Legerén, M; Manso, L; Marquina, G; Martín, C; Martín, T; Martínez Bueno, A; Maximiano, C; Palacio, I; Pardo, B; Quindós, M; Sánchez, L; Santaballa, A; Yubero, A, 2023)	0.91
" Once-daily niraparib dosing may be advantageous for some patients for many reasons, including night-time dosing which may help alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms."	( Safety and management of niraparib monotherapy in ovarian cancer clinical trials. Buckley, L; González-Martin, A; Matulonis, UA; Mirza, MR; Monk, BJ; Moore, KN; Rimel, BJ; Wu, X, 2023)	0.91

Class	Description
indazole
indazole
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, Cell Division Protein Kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	AID977608
Chain A, CELL DIVISION PROTEIN KINASE 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	AID977608
Chain A, Cell Division Protein Kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	AID977608
Chain A, CELL DIVISION PROTEIN KINASE 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	AID977608
Chain A, CELL DIVISION PROTEIN KINASE 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	AID977608
Chain A, CELL DIVISION PROTEIN KINASE 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	AID977608
Chain A, CELL DIVISION PROTEIN KINASE 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	AID977608
Chain A, CELL DIVISION PROTEIN KINASE 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	AID977608
Chain A, CELL DIVISION PROTEIN KINASE 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	AID977608
Chain A, CELL DIVISION PROTEIN KINASE 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	AID977608
Chain A, CELL DIVISION PROTEIN KINASE 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	AID977608
Chain A, CELL DIVISION PROTEIN KINASE 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	AID977608
Chain A, CELL DIVISION PROTEIN KINASE 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	AID977608
Chain A, Cell Division Protein Kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	185.0000	AID977608
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	185.0000	0.0004	1.3452	10.0000	AID1798453
G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	185.0000	0.0013	1.4518	10.0000	AID1798453
Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	185.0000	0.0004	1.0339	10.0000	AID1239772; AID1798453
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	185.0000	0.0004	1.0444	10.0000	AID1239772; AID1798453; AID366144; AID613146
Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	178.0000	0.0350	2.7119	10.0000	AID449906
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	399.0535	0.0002	0.7387	10.0000	AID613174
Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	185.0000	0.0005	1.4715	10.0000	AID1239772
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	5.3000	0.0003	0.9488	9.8000	AID621858
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
microtubule cytoskeleton organization	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA replication	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA repair	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodeling	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic process	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic nuclear membrane disassembly	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
pronuclear fusion	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substance	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of Schwann cell differentiation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amine	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell migration	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome condensation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell differentiation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
animal organ regeneration	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization to kinetochore	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein import into nucleus	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythm	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA replication	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of embryonic development	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cadmium ion	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to copper ion	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cell	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
rhythmic process	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to axon injury	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell division	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ventricular cardiac muscle cell development	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assembly	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hydrogen peroxide	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to organic cyclic compound	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi disassembly	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in mitosis	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein deubiquitination	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
telomere maintenance via telomerase	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron migration	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of innate immune response	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of defense response to virus by host	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
skeletal muscle contraction	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial transport	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
response to unfolded protein	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
response to heat	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cold	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stress	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein ubiquitination	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein polymerization	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interferon-beta production	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein localization	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein refolding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cocaine	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein import into nucleus	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic process	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein-containing complex assembly	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein unfolding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estrogen	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein catabolic process	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell size	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibiotic	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilization	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
chaperone-mediated autophagy	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virus	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane neurotransmitter receptor levels	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of tau-protein kinase activity	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
telomerase holoenzyme complex assembly	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to heat	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein folding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic development	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic spindle organization	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic metaphase chromosome alignment	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell division	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic cell cycle phase transition	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of activated T cell proliferation	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell tolerance induction	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of type 2 immune response	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
tryptophan catabolic process	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
female pregnancy	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of interleukin-10 production	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-12 production	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organismal response to stress	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
kynurenic acid biosynthetic process	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
swimming behavior	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell proliferation	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell apoptotic process	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA replication	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-templated transcription	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transduction	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
animal organ regeneration	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to glucagon	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
post-translational protein modification	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to leptin stimulus	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell cycle G1/S phase transition	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell division	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cocaine	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to luteinizing hormone stimulus	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estradiol stimulus	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nitric oxide	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cochlea development	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic cell cycle phase transition	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA replication	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA repair	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodeling	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-templated transcription	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transport	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
centriole replication	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transduction	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitotic cell cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of heterochromatin formation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
post-translational protein modification	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA replication	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome duplication	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell division	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
meiotic cell cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nitric oxide	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescence	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gene expression	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to organic substance	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of sodium ion transport	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
arginine catabolic process	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide biosynthetic process	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
striated muscle contraction	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
myoblast fusion	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
response to heat	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organismal response to stress	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic process	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
vasodilation	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion transport	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cell redox homeostasis	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of hydrolase activity	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of serotonin uptake	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium ion transport	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to growth factor stimulus	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide mediated signal transduction	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hormone	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of blood pressure	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
activation-induced cell death of T cells	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transduction	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
osteoblast differentiation	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
maternal placenta development	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
glycogen biosynthetic process	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose metabolic process	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of translation	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein kinase activity	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleus	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide biosynthetic process	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stress	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
cell population proliferation	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor signaling pathway	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic mitochondrial changes	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to heat	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
gene expression	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of autophagy	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell migration	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast migration	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast migration	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of sodium ion transport	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glucose metabolic process	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of endopeptidase activity	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of neuron projection development	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macroautophagy	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphorylation	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein ubiquitination	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
virus-mediated perturbation of host defense response	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
mammalian oogenesis stage	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
cell differentiation	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell growth	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell migration	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migration	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell costimulation	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein ubiquitination	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of myelination	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
TOR signaling	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein binding	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to food	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to insulin stimulus	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to fluid shear stress	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to reactive oxygen species	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to decreased oxygen levels	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose homeostasis	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic process	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
anoikis	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mRNA stability	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fat cell differentiation	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysis	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glucose import	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of organ growth	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein autophosphorylation	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to pain	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
striated muscle cell differentiation	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein metabolic process	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to growth hormone	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
labyrinthine layer blood vessel development	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to UV-A	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to growth factor	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cadmium ion	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
maintenance of protein location in mitochondrion	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
execution phase of apoptosis	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynapse organization	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tRNA methylation	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein localization to lysosome	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to peptide	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cilium assembly	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of TORC1 signaling	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to cell surface	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of type B pancreatic cell development	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lymphocyte migration	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transduction	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
male meiosis I	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
spermatogenesis	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell division	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic cell cycle phase transition	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
virus receptor activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
Hsp70 protein binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
histone kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
UTP binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
CTP binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
GTP binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sulfonylurea receptor binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class II protein complex binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
TPR domain binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
dATP binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
tau protein binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
GTPase binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA polymerase binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
unfolded protein binding	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
patched binding	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
electron transfer activity	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific binding	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
histone kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
magnesium ion binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric-oxide synthase activity	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium channel regulator activity	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
FMN binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium channel regulator activity	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
tetrahydrobiopterin binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
arginine binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cadmium ion binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-dependent protein binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
flavin adenine dinucleotide binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
NADP binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase activity	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate binding	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
kinase activity	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate binding	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein binding	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium channel activator activity	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activity	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
mitochondrial matrix	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome, telomeric region	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
spindle microtubule	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
midbody	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic spindle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin A1-CDK1 complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin A2-CDK1 complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin B1-CDK1 complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
brush border membrane	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule lumen	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
melanosome	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosomal lumen	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic growth cone	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
axonal growth cone	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen-containing extracellular matrix	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
endocytic vesicle lumen	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sperm mitochondrial sheath	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sperm plasma membrane	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
myelin sheath	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
spindle pole	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin B1-CDK1 complex	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
outer kinetochore	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle contractile fiber	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
stereocilium bundle	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
female pronucleus	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
male pronucleus	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin A2-CDK1 complex	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin A2-CDK2 complex	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome, telomeric region	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
condensed chromosome	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
X chromosome	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
Y chromosome	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
male germ cell nucleus	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
Cajal body	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin A1-CDK2 complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin A2-CDK2 complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin E1-CDK2 complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin E2-CDK2 complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
photoreceptor inner segment	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoskeleton	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
sarcoplasmic reticulum	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
sarcolemma	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cell periphery	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial intermembrane space	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
spindle	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell junction	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
cell cortex	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
microtubule cytoskeleton	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
lamellipodium	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
vesicle	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
ciliary basal body	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
microtubule cytoskeleton	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin A1-CDK1 complex	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin A1-CDK2 complex	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin A2-CDK2 complex	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID613156	Inhibition of ErbB4 expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells at 400 to 667 uM by TR-FRET assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID613174	Inhibition of AKT1 expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells by scintillation proximity assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID613172	Inhibition of SGK1 expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells at 400 uM by IMAP assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID551809	Displacement of Y-27632 from ROCK-1 assessed as drop in intensity of binding signals by NMR competition experiment	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 21, Issue:1	Fragment-based discovery of 6-substituted isoquinolin-1-amine based ROCK-I inhibitors.
AID17269	Dissociation constant determined by heteronuclear 1H/15N correlation NMR spectroscopy	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-13, Volume: 43, Issue:14	Novel inhibitors of DNA gyrase: 3D structure based biased needle screening, hit validation by biophysical methods, and 3D guided optimization. A promising alternative to random screening.
AID613157	Inhibition of FAK expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells at 400 uM by TR-FRET assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID613145	Inhibition of JNK1 expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells at 667 uM by TR-FRET assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID449906	Inhibition of recombinant NOS1 assessed as citrulline formation	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 17, Issue:17	Fluorinated indazoles as novel selective inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS): synthesis and biological evaluation.
AID613150	Inhibition of AurA expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells at 400 uM by IMAP assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID1239772	Inhibition of CDK2/cyclin A (unknown origin) by radiometric filter binding assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17	Cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors as anticancer drugs.
AID1775064	Inhibition of recombinant human IDO1 expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) cells assessed as reduction in kynurenine production using L-tryptophan as substrate incubated for 20 mins by HPLC analysis	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-25, Volume: 64, Issue:4	Azole-Based Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Inhibitors.
AID613167	Inhibition of PI3Kalpha expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells using gamma-[33P]ATP at 400 uM by scintillation proximity assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID613163	Inhibition of p38alpha expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells at 667 uM by TR-FRET assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID613168	Inhibition of PI3Kdelta expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells using gamma-[33P]ATP at 400 uM by scintillation proximity assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID613148	Inhibition of AKT2 expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells using gamma-[33P]ATP at 400 uM by scintillation proximity assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID613146	Inhibition of CDK2	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID613153	Inhibition of EGFR expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells at 400 uM by TR-FRET assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID613147	Inhibition of AKT1 expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells using gamma-[33P]ATP at 400 uM by scintillation proximity assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID613173	Inhibition of SYK expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells at 667 uM by TR-FRET assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID613162	Inhibition of MK2 expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells at 667 uM by IMAP assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID613151	Inhibition of AurB expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells at 400 uM by IMAP assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID1600753	Binding affinity to recombinant ferric state of IDO1 (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli assessed as dissociation constant incubated for 30 mins by UV-Visible spectrophotometric method	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 29, Issue:19	Correlation of indoleamine-2,3-dioxigenase 1 inhibitory activity of 4,6-disubstituted indazole derivatives and their heme binding affinity.
AID613165	Inhibition of PAK2 expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells at 400 uM by IMAP assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID613161	Inhibition of JAK3 expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells at 667 uM by TR-FRET assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID613158	Inhibition of GSK3-beta expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells using ATP as substrate at 667 uM by fluorescence polarization assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID1331794	Inhibition of GST-tagged Aurora A (123 to 401 residues) (unknown origin) at 20 uM preincubated for 15 mins followed by tetra(LRRWSLG) substrate addition measured for 90 mins by Kinase-Glo luminescence assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124	Discovery of novel inhibitors of Aurora kinases with indazole scaffold: In silico fragment-based and knowledge-based drug design.
AID613143	Inhibition of IKK-beta expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells at 667 uM by TR-FRET assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID23454	Partition coefficient (logP)	1990	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 33, Issue:9	Synthesis and in vitro LTD4 antagonist activity of bicyclic and monocyclic cyclopentylurethane and cyclopentylacetamide N-arylsulfonyl amides.
AID1600754	Binding affinity to recombinant ferrous state of IDO1 (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli assessed as dissociation constant incubated for 30 mins by UV-Visible spectrophotometric method	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 29, Issue:19	Correlation of indoleamine-2,3-dioxigenase 1 inhibitory activity of 4,6-disubstituted indazole derivatives and their heme binding affinity.
AID589267	Inhibition of nNOS in LPS-stimulated Wistar rat striata assessed as inhibition of [3H]L-arginine to [3H]L-citrulline conversion at 1 mM by liquid scintillation counting	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4	Synthesis and biological evaluation of indazole derivatives.
AID613152	Inhibition of B-Raf expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells using ATP as substrate at 400 uM by fluorescence polarization assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID613159	Inhibition of IGF1R expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells at 400 uM by TR-FRET assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID366144	Inhibition of CDK2/Cyclin A by radiometric assay	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 51, Issue:16	Identification of N-(4-piperidinyl)-4-(2,6-dichlorobenzoylamino)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AT7519), a novel cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor using fragment-based X-ray crystallography and structure based drug design.
AID613171	Inhibition of ROCK1 expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells at 400 uM by IMAP assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID613155	Inhibition of ErbB2 expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells at 400 uM by TR-FRET assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID1600755	Inhibition of recombinant IDO1 (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli at 10 uM incubated for 30 mins by methylene blue dye based UV-Visible spectrophotometric method relative to control	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 29, Issue:19	Correlation of indoleamine-2,3-dioxigenase 1 inhibitory activity of 4,6-disubstituted indazole derivatives and their heme binding affinity.
AID613144	Inhibition of PI3Kgamma expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells at 667 uM by fluorescence polarization assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID613170	Inhibition of RIP2 expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells at 400 uM by fluorescence polarization assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID621858	Binding affinity to human HSP90alpha assessed as 2D1H-15N chemical shift perturbation by NMR spectroscopy	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Lead generation of heat shock protein 90 inhibitors by a combination of fragment-based approach, virtual screening, and structure-based drug design.
AID613164	Inhibition of PAK1 expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells at 400 uM by IMAP assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID613154	Inhibition of FES expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells using ATP as substrate at 400 uM by fluorescence polarization assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID613160	Inhibition of ITK expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells at 667 uM by TR-FRET assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID1331793	Inhibition of GST-tagged Aurora A (123 to 401 residues) (unknown origin) at 50 uM preincubated for 15 mins followed by tetra(LRRWSLG) substrate addition measured for 90 mins by Kinase-Glo luminescence assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124	Discovery of novel inhibitors of Aurora kinases with indazole scaffold: In silico fragment-based and knowledge-based drug design.
AID613166	Inhibition of PDK1 expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells using gamma-[33P]ATP at 400 uM by scintillation proximity assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID53454	Maximal noneffective concentration (MNEC) for inhibition of DNA gyrase	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-13, Volume: 43, Issue:14	Novel inhibitors of DNA gyrase: 3D structure based biased needle screening, hit validation by biophysical methods, and 3D guided optimization. A promising alternative to random screening.
AID613149	Inhibition of ASK1 expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells at 667 uM by IMAP assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID589266	Inhibition of iNOS in LPS-stimulated Wistar rat lung assessed as inhibition of [3H]L-arginine to [3H]L-citrulline conversion at 1 mM by liquid scintillation counting	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4	Synthesis and biological evaluation of indazole derivatives.
AID613169	Inhibition of PIM1 expressed in Escherichia coli or baculovirus-infected insect cells at 400 uM by IMAP assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Selectivity of kinase inhibitor fragments.
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID1798453	CDK2/CyclinA Kinase Assay from Article 10.1021/jm800382h: \\Identification of N-(4-piperidinyl)-4-(2,6-dichlorobenzoylamino)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AT7519), a novel cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor using fragment-based X-ray crystallography and struct	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 51, Issue:16	Identification of N-(4-piperidinyl)-4-(2,6-dichlorobenzoylamino)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AT7519), a novel cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor using fragment-based X-ray crystallography and structure based drug design.
AID1799876	Thermal Denaturation Assay from Article 10.1002/cbic.201200521: \\Using a fragment-based approach to target protein-protein interactions.\\	2013	Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology, Feb-11, Volume: 14, Issue:3	Using a fragment-based approach to target protein-protein interactions.
AID977608	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (IC50) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 51, Issue:16	Identification of N-(4-piperidinyl)-4-(2,6-dichlorobenzoylamino)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AT7519), a novel cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor using fragment-based X-ray crystallography and structure based drug design.
AID977611	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	2013	Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology, Feb-11, Volume: 14, Issue:3	Using a fragment-based approach to target protein-protein interactions.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	287 (5.29)	18.7374
1990's	655 (12.07)	18.2507
2000's	1045 (19.26)	29.6817
2010's	2712 (49.97)	24.3611
2020's	728 (13.41)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	550 (9.81%)	5.53%
Reviews	451 (8.04%)	6.00%
Case Studies	306 (5.46%)	4.05%
Observational	27 (0.48%)	0.25%
Other	4,275 (76.22%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. dihydroxybenzoic acid : Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives.. 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.	2	1	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
2,3-diphosphoglycerate 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate: A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508). 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid : A bisphosphoglyceric acid that is glyceric acid carrying two phospho substituents at positions 2 and 3.	2	1	0	bisphosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative	human metabolite
phosphoserine Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.	2.42	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid; serine derivative	human metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	4.09	15	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	2.42	2	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	2.71	3	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	1.99	1	0	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
acetamide acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.	2.08	1	0	acetamides; carboximidic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia
adenine [no description available]	5.17	14	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
agmatine Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.	3.55	8	0	guanidines; primary amino compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	2.45	2	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	2.01	1	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine [no description available]	2.21	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
benzaldehyde [no description available]	2.17	1	0	benzaldehydes	EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite
benzene [no description available]	6.05	4	1	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	2.47	2	0	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	3.35	6	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
carbamates [no description available]	3.31	6	0	amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	4.37	20	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
carnitine [no description available]	2.1	1	0	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	3.33	6	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
choline [no description available]	2.03	1	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	3.62	9	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	3.21	5	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	2.01	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
4-nitrophenylphosphate nitrophenylphosphate: RN given refers to mono(4-nitrophenyl) ester of phosphoric acid. 4-nitrophenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with 4-nitrophenol.	2.02	1	0	aryl phosphate	mouse metabolite
4-aminophenol 4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.	2.31	1	0	aminophenol	allergen; metabolite
methylmalonic acid Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.. methylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.	2.03	1	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine	2.98	4	0	alpha-amino acid
malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.	2.13	1	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	4.61	26	0	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	4.35	20	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
diacetyl butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.	2.13	1	0	alpha-diketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	6.9	22	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	3.73	10	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine [no description available]	8.63	20	4	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	2.8	3	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	3.19	5	0	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dalteparin Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.15	1	0
histamine [no description available]	2.91	4	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	4.27	5	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.	2.4	2	0	hydroxylamines	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.	3.41	7	0	imidazole
indole [no description available]	3.44	7	0	indole; polycyclic heteroarene	Escherichia coli metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	8.04	4	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
kynurenine Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.	2.15	1	0	aromatic ketone; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline	human metabolite
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	2.08	1	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
malonic acid malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.	2.69	3	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	3.22	6	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phytic acid Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.	2	1	0	inositol phosphate
melatonin [no description available]	3.88	4	0	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
croton oil [no description available]	2.38	2	0	N-acyl-hexosamine
naphthalene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene	apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	4.8	1	1	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	20.18	212	28	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	5.36	18	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitroxyl nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.	4.97	2	1	nitrogen oxoacid
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	4.56	24	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.	2.42	2	0	gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide	analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent
oxaloacetic acid Oxaloacetic Acid: A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.. oxaloacetic acid : An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group.	2.01	1	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid; oxo dicarboxylic acid	geroprotector; metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	2.41	2	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
phenanthrene phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'	2.06	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; phenanthrenes	environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite
phenol [no description available]	2.44	2	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenethylamine phenethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7016. 2-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position.	2.05	1	0	alkaloid; aralkylamine; phenylethylamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.	2	1	0	phosphocholines	allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	1.99	1	0	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
pteridines [no description available]	1.98	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; pteridines
pyrazole 1H-pyrazole : The 1H-tautomer of pyrazole.	4.55	7	0	pyrazole
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	2.02	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.	1.95	1	0	methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate	coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	2.03	1	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	4.09	4	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.	2.39	2	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.	1.95	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite
spermidine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
spermine [no description available]	2.4	2	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	5.33	3	1	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
taurine [no description available]	2.44	2	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	5.15	3	1	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
tryptamine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	aminoalkylindole; aralkylamino compound; indole alkaloid; tryptamines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	5.75	3	2	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	11.5	57	5	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isocitric acid isocitric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. isocitric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propan-1-ol with a hydrogen at each of the 3 carbon positions replaced by a carboxy group.	2.01	1	0	secondary alcohol; tricarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.	5.19	11	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	NMDA receptor antagonist
sk&f 81297 [no description available]	2	1	0	benzazepine
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively	3.4	7	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound; tetralins	serotonergic antagonist
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.	2.41	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist	3.09	5	0
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd without isomeric designation; a serotonin agonist. 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-methylethylamine : An organoiodine compound that is amphetamine bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 5 as well as an iodo substituent at position 4.	1.99	1	0	amphetamines; dimethoxybenzene; organoiodine compound
sk&f-38393 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.. 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8.. SKF 38393 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-SKF 38393	2.46	2	0	benzazepine; catechols; secondary amino compound
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	2.15	1	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases	2.1	1	0	phenanthroline	EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.	2.03	1	0	oxopurine	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
pk 11195 PK-11195 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine	2.71	3	0	aromatic amide; isoquinolines; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent
my 5445 MY 5445: potential platelet aggregation inhibitor	1.98	1	0	pyridazines; ring assembly
1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide 1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide: RN given refers to parent cp; a 5-HT3 receptor agonist	3.11	5	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.	2.72	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine	drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; serotonergic agonist; xenobiotic
1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole: an inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in mouse	4.72	11	0	imidazoles
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.11	1	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.	4.27	18	0	methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine	neurotoxin
1-methylimidazole 1-methyl-1H-imidazole : A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.	2.02	1	0	imidazoles
pd 173074 [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aromatic amine; biaryl; dimethoxybenzene; pyridopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; ureas	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist
n-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine: structure in first source. N-[3-(aminomethyl)benzyl]acetamidine : An aralkylamine that is Nbenzylacetamidine substituted at position 3 on the benzene ring by an aminomethyl group. An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase.	3.74	10	0	aralkylamine; carboxamidine; primary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector
17-octadecynoic acid octadec-17-ynoic acid : An acetylenic fatty acid that is octadecanoi acid (stearic acid) which has been doubly dehydrogenated at positions 17 and 18 to give the corresponding alkynoic acid.	2	1	0	acetylenic fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; monounsaturated fatty acid; terminal acetylenic compound	EC 1.14.14.94 (leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.15.3 (alkane 1-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
1h-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one: structure given in first source; inhibits guanylyl cyclase. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one : A member of the class of oxadiazoloquinoxalines that is 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline substituted at position 1 by an oxo group.	5.26	50	0	oxadiazoloquinoxaline	EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.	2.58	2	0	bipyridine	chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor
2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.	2.07	1	0	dinitrophenol	allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
2-amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4h-1,3-thiazine 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-thiazine: a selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; structure given in first source	2.41	2	0	1,3-thiazine
2-methyl-5-ht 2-methyl-5-HT: M-receptor agonist	3.23	6	0	tryptamines	serotonergic agonist
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.	2.97	4	0	amphetamines; benzodioxoles	neurotoxin
3-aminobenzamide [no description available]	2.7	3	0	benzamides; substituted aniline	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
3-bromo-7-nitroindazole [no description available]	5.65	29	0
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.	2.37	2	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
3-nitropropionic acid 3-nitropropionic acid: succinate dehydrogenase inactivator; biosynthesized by FABACEAE plants from ASPARAGINE. 3-nitropropanoic acid : A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group.	1.98	1	0	C-nitro compound	antimycobacterial drug; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; mycotoxin; neurotoxin
ro 5-4864 4'-chlorodiazepam: selectively binds peripheral benzodiazepine receptor	2.08	1	0
4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole: a CK2 kinase inhibitor	2.04	1	0
4-aminopyridine [no description available]	2.53	2	0	aminopyridine; aromatic amine	avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	3.95	13	0	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenytoin [no description available]	2.08	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid: potent antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated glycine binding site	3.8	2	0	quinolines
ag-1549 capravirine: a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor	2.05	1	0
5-dimethylamiloride 5-dimethylamiloride: has anti-HIV-1 activity	2.01	1	0
5-hydroxydecanoate 5-hydroxydecanoic acid: Potassium Channel Blocker; RN refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid
hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.	3.23	6	0	indole-3-acetic acids	drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
5-methoxytryptamine 5-Methoxytryptamine: Serotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives.. 5-methoxytryptamine : A member of the class of tryptamines that is the methyl ether derivative of serotonin.	2.38	2	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound; tryptamines	5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonist; 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor agonist; 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor agonist; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; radiation protective agent; serotonergic agonist
7-chlorokynurenic acid 7-chlorokynurenic acid: selective antagonist at the glycine modulatory site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex; structure given in first source. 7-chlorokynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinaldic acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and by a chlorine at position 7. It is a potent NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist which antagonizes the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of the NMDA receptor. It also prevents neurodegeneration produced by quinolinic acid.	2.01	1	0	organochlorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
7-nitroindazole 7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure	14.16	849	1
oxyquinoline Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.	2.17	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline	antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.01	1	0	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	2.97	4	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acridone acridone : A member of the class of acridines that is 9,10-dihydroacridine substituted by an oxo group at position 9.	7.07	1	0	acridines; cyclic ketone
albendazole [no description available]	4.8	1	1	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate: specific inhibitor of pyruvate transport in rat liver mitochondria & human erythrocytes; structure	2.1	1	0
am 251 AM 251: an analog of SR141716A; structure given in first source. AM-251 : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.	2.81	3	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; organoiodine compound; pyrazoles	antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; CB1 receptor antagonist
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	2.53	2	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	6.88	63	0	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
ampyrone Ampyrone: A metabolite of AMINOPYRINE with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used as a reagent for biochemical reactions producing peroxides or phenols. Ampyrone stimulates LIVER MICROSOMES and is also used to measure extracellular water.	2.42	2	0	primary amino compound; pyrazolone	antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; marine xenobiotic metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	2.79	3	0	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
anastrozole [no description available]	3.93	2	1	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	3.11	5	0	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
arcaine arcaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,4-diguanidinobutane : A guanidine derivative consisting of butane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 4-positions.	1.99	1	0	guanidines
aristolochic acid i aristolochic acid I: phospholipase A inhibitor. aristolochic acid A : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.	2.42	2	0	aristolochic acids; aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; cyclic acetal; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mutagen; nephrotoxin; toxin
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	3.83	12	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	2.07	1	0	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
azasetron azasetron: a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source;	1.98	1	0	benzoxazine
azelastine azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.	1.98	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phthalazines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
azobenzene azobenzene: photosensor molecule known to undergo reversible isomerization from trans to cis on illumination with photons of appropriate wavelength; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. (E)-azobenzene : The (E)-isomer of azobenzene.. (Z)-azobenzene : The (Z)-isomer of azobenzene.. azobenzene : A molecule whose structure comprises two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond; the parent compound of the azobenzene class of compounds.	7.85	3	0	azobenzenes
baclofen [no description available]	2.73	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
bendazac bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts.	8.3	39	1	indazoles; monocarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger
benextramine benextramine: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
benserazide Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.	2.11	1	0	carbohydrazide; catechols; primary alcohol; primary amino compound	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
benzamide benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.	2.41	1	0	benzamides
berberine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
bicalutamide bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.	4.41	1	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; sulfone; tertiary alcohol
bisbenzimidazole Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.	2.06	1	0	bibenzimidazole; N-methylpiperazine	anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome
seratrodast [no description available]	2	1	0	organic molecular entity
bufexamac Bufexamac: A benzeneacetamide with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic action. It is administered topically, orally, or rectally.. bufexamac : A hydroxamic acid derived from phenylacetamide in which the benzene moiety is substituted at C-4 by a butoxy group. It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties.	1.95	1	0	aromatic ether; hydroxamic acid	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.	2	1	0	aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound
buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.	1.97	1	0	azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
caffeine [no description available]	2.92	4	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.4	2	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	1.95	1	0	bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone	plant metabolite
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	3.01	1	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	3.23	6	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
carprofen carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.	3.46	1	1	carbazoles; organochlorine compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; photosensitizing agent
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.	2.44	2	0	hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore
celecoxib [no description available]	4.08	4	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cgp 37157 CGP 37157: benzothiazepine derivative of clonazepam; inhibits the in vitro activity of mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchange	2.42	2	0	benzothiazepine
chelerythrine chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.	3.8	2	0	benzophenanthridine alkaloid; organic cation	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	2.13	1	0	aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.	2.67	3	0	benzodiazepine
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	5.8	5	1	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	1.98	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	3.36	1	1	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	7.01	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound	muscle relaxant; sedative
cinoxacin Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.	2.01	1	0	cinnolines; oxacycle; oxo carboxylic acid	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	2.15	1	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
cisapride Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.	1.99	1	0	benzamides
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.	2.72	3	0	2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound
clobazam Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.	2.08	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
clofilium clofilium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.15	1	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	1.97	1	0	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.	2.71	3	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monochlorobenzenes	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	3.78	3	0	clonidine; imidazoline
clotrimazole [no description available]	2.42	2	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cystamine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	organic disulfide; primary amino compound	EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor
dantrolene Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia.	1.99	1	0	hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione	muscle relaxant; neuroprotective agent; ryanodine receptor antagonist
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	2.97	4	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	1.96	1	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	3.71	10	0	primary amine
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	6.59	15	1	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	2.73	3	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	3.52	2	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
diethylcarbamazine Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.	1.98	1	0	N-carbamoylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	4.06	3	1	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
diphenyleneiodonium diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.	1.99	1	0	organic cation
benzophenone benzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.	2.05	1	0	benzophenones	photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	3.76	3	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	3.9	3	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
p-chloroamphetamine p-Chloroamphetamine: Chlorinated analog of AMPHETAMINE. Potent neurotoxin that causes release and eventually depletion of serotonin in the CNS. It is used as a research tool.	2.01	1	0
domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.	2.54	2	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.	2.69	2	0	aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
dsp 4 DSP 4: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0
ebselen ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.	2.01	1	0	benzoselenazole	anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger
ellipticine ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.	1.96	1	0	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; polycyclic heteroarene	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
enoxacin Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.	1.99	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	4.66	6	1
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.	1.97	1	0	ether; volatile organic compound	inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
ethosuximide Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.	2	1	0	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector; T-type calcium channel blocker
etodolac Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
famotidine Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.	2.08	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.	2.67	3	0	aromatic ether; hydrazone; nitrile; organofluorine compound	ATP synthase inhibitor; geroprotector; ionophore
fenbufen fenbufen: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; biphenyls	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fenfluramine Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.	2.01	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; secondary amino compound	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	2.59	2	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.	2.86	4	0	aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	1.98	1	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.	3.14	5	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes	anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	12.1	20	12	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	3.93	12	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
flurazepam Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.	1.98	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	1.98	1	0	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
furegrelate furegrelate: structure given in UD 35:175:d	1.98	1	0	benzofurans
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	2.69	3	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	2.03	1	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
gemfibrozil [no description available]	2.17	1	0	aromatic ether	antilipemic drug
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	2.11	1	0
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a oxidative product of saligenin. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions.	1.98	1	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human metabolite; MALDI matrix material; mouse metabolite
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	2.94	4	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	3.77	3	0
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	1.98	1	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.	3.06	4	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
ha 1004 N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source	2	1	0	isoquinolines
fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.	3.05	4	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	5.09	10	1	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
halothane [no description available]	2.91	4	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
harmaline Harmaline: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.. harmaline : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.	1.99	1	0	harmala alkaloid	oneirogen
hexamethonium Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.	2.43	2	0	quaternary ammonium salt
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.	2.65	3	0	barbiturates
hycanthone Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.	4.44	7	0	thioxanthenes	mutagen; schistosomicide drug
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.41	2	0	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
hydroxyurea [no description available]	4.35	6	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.17	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
idebenone [no description available]	2.01	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; primary alcohol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor
ifenprodil ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist	2.73	3	0	piperidines
ifosfamide [no description available]	10.03	15	5	ifosfamides	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	3.4	7	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.	2.05	1	0	bipyridines	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	4.98	39	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iodixanol iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.	2.13	1	0	organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
iproniazid [no description available]	2.17	1	0	carbohydrazide; pyridines
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	3.4	7	0	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	2.92	4	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	2.15	1	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.15	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	3.23	6	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
staurosporine aglycone staurosporine aglycone: metabolite from culture broth of Nocardiopsis sp.; a neurotrophin antag; inhibits BDNF TrkB receptor	2.21	1	0
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	3.21	5	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	2.68	3	0	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	6.56	6	3	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	2.04	1	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ketotifen Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.	1.97	1	0	cyclic ketone; olefinic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.	4.3	4	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lamotrigine [no description available]	2.71	3	0	1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic
letrozole [no description available]	5.12	3	1	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
lomustine [no description available]	6.49	5	3	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	1.97	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.	4.33	2	2	benzodiazepine
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	2.96	4	0	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
ly 171883 LY 171883: structure in first source; leukotriene receptor antagonist. tomelukast : A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group, a propyl group at position 3 and a 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy group at position 4. A leukotriene antagonist, it exhibits anti-asthmatic activity.	4.83	6	0	acetophenones; aromatic ether; phenols; tetrazoles	anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist
ly 278584 LY 278584: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	4.8	32	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	4.02	13	0	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione: structure given in first source; SRS-A & guanylate cyclase antagonist. 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione : A quinolone that is quinoline-5,8-dione in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by an anilino group.	2.41	2	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic amine; p-quinones; quinolone	antineoplastic agent; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
mazindol Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.	1.99	1	0	organic molecular entity
edaravone [no description available]	2.43	2	0	pyrazolone	antioxidant; radical scavenger
mecamylamine Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.	2.01	1	0	primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.	2.44	2	0	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent
meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.37	2	0	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.35	2	0	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
memantine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2.07	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
mescaline Mescaline: Hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from the flowering heads (peyote) of Lophophora (formerly Anhalonium) williamsii, a Mexican cactus used in Indian religious rites and as an experimental psychotomimetic. Among its cellular effects are agonist actions at some types of serotonin receptors. It has no accepted therapeutic uses although it is legal for religious use by members of the Native American Church.. mescaline : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups.	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenethylamine alkaloid; primary amino compound	hallucinogen
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	6.03	4	1	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	2.21	1	0	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methiothepin Methiothepin: A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic.. methiothepin : A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively).	2.08	1	0	aryl sulfide; dibenzothiepine; N-alkylpiperazine; tertiary amino compound	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
methyl methanesulfonate [no description available]	1.96	1	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.	2.97	4	0	beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines
metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.	6.79	12	6	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	2.96	1	0	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	3.89	3	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	2.41	2	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	5.89	4	2	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
mitotane Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.	2	1	0	diarylmethane
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	6.17	5	2	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
modafinil Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.	2.53	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfoxide
molsidomine Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure.	4.09	15	0	ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion	antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
muscimol Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.	2.45	2	0	alkaloid; isoxazoles; primary amino compound	fungal metabolite; GABA agonist; oneirogen; psychotropic drug
clorgyline Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
fenamic acid fenamic acid: has chloride and potassium channel-blocking activity; RN given refers to parent cpd. fenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is the N-phenyl derivative of anthranilic acid. It acts as a parent skeleton for the synthesis of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	2	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	membrane transport modulator
apnea Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	2.01	1	0	purine nucleoside
naftopidil [no description available]	3.13	1	0	piperazines
nan 190 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-(2-phthalimido)butyl)piperazine: RN from Toxlit. NAN 190 : An N-alkylpiperazine that consists of (2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine in which the amine hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(2-phthalimido)butyl group.	2.05	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; phthalimides	serotonergic antagonist
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	2.11	1	0	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	4.07	4	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	2.73	3	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nisoxetine nisoxetine: potent inhibitor for norepinephrine uptake into rat brain synaptosomes & brain; NM refers to (+-)-isomer; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. nisoxetine : A secondary amino compound that is N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-amine substituted at position 3 by a 2-methoxyphenoxy group.	2.01	1	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	2.01	1	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	2.92	4	0	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
ns 2028 NS 2028: structure in first source	2.72	3	0
ns 1619 NS 1619: structure given in first source. NS 1619 : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced are replaced by 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. It is an opener/activator of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (Bkca).	1.99	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzimidazoles; phenols	potassium channel opener
n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide: structure given in first source. NS-398 : A C-nitro compound that is N-methylsulfonyl-4-nitroaniline bearing an additional cyclohexyloxy substituent at position 2.	2.71	3	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	4.8	1	1	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	2.53	2	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.	8.62	34	1	carbazoles
oxonic acid Oxonic Acid: Antagonist of urate oxidase.	2.1	1	0	1,3,5-triazines; monocarboxylic acid
oxamniquine Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively.	1.95	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; C-nitro compound; quinolines; secondary amino compound
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	3.78	10	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
oxotremorine Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.	1.98	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine
oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	1.95	1	0	phenols; pyrazolidines	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; drug metabolite; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite
fenclonine Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.	2.7	3	0	phenylalanine derivative
pamidronate [no description available]	2.1	1	0	phosphonoacetic acid
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	2.92	4	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.	3.12	5	0	aromatic amine
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	3.3	6	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.67	3	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline [no description available]	2.38	2	0	oxopurine
phenazopyridine Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.	2.07	1	0	diaminopyridine; monoazo compound	anticoronaviral agent; carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; non-narcotic analgesic
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.67	3	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.	2.42	2	0	aromatic amine
oxophenylarsine oxophenylarsine: inhibits protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. phenylarsine oxide : An arsine oxide derived from phenylarsine.	2.02	1	0	arsine oxides	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
phenyl biguanide phenyl biguanide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenyl biguanide : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.67	3	0	guanidines	central nervous system drug
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.	3.83	12	0	pyrazolidines	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.	2.21	1	0	acyl fluoride	serine proteinase inhibitor
phloretin [no description available]	2.01	1	0	dihydrochalcones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)	2.42	2	0	pyridines
piperazine [no description available]	3.55	7	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.	2.05	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	3.38	7	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
4-aminobenzoic acid para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.	2.93	4	0	aminobenzoate; aromatic amino-acid anion	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ag 1879 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-amine: Fyn kinase inhibitor	2.13	1	0	aromatic amine; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazolopyrimidine	beta-adrenergic antagonist; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
ono 1078 pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	3.48	2	0	chromones
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	2.7	3	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.	3.36	1	1	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.	2.03	1	0	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	3.1	5	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
protoporphyrin ix protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.	2.92	4	0
pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.	3.59	9	0	aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative	H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	4.8	1	1	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
quipazine Quipazine: A pharmacologic congener of serotonin that contracts smooth muscle and has actions similar to those of tricyclic antidepressants. It has been proposed as an oxytocic.	2.68	3	0	piperazines; pyridines
rabeprazole Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.	4.46	2	2	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.	3.13	5	0	benzothiazoles
ritanserin Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.	2.67	3	0	organofluorine compound; piperidines; thiazolopyrimidine	antidepressant; antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
etiron etiron: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.93	4	0
s-methylisothiopseudouronium S-methylisothiopseudouronium: inhibits nitric oxide synthase; structure in first source	3.12	5	0
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	2.41	2	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
salicylamide salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source	2.06	1	0	phenols; salicylamides	antirheumatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic
sb 202190 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole: structure given in first source; inhibits p38 MAP kinase	2	1	0	imidazoles; organofluorine compound; phenols; pyridines	apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
sdz 205-557 [no description available]	2.41	2	0	methoxybenzoic acid
sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.	2.69	3	0	ether; organofluorine compound	central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor
sibutramine sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride	2.17	1	0	organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-obesity agent; serotonin uptake inhibitor
linsidomine linsidomine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.38	7	0	morpholines
sodium fluoride [no description available]	4.8	1	1	fluoride salt	mutagen
iodoacetic acid Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom.	2.13	1	0	haloacetic acid; organoiodine compound	alkylating agent
spiperone Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.	2.01	1	0	aromatic ketone; azaspiro compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	7.35	6	2	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.	2.07	1	0	benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	2.45	2	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
tegafur [no description available]	2.1	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
temozolomide [no description available]	7.38	12	1	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.	2.02	1	0	benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound	local anaesthetic
tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)	2.02	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	4.61	4	0	phthalimides; piperidones
thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).	1.97	1	0	aziridines
tinidazole Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.	3.23	1	0	imidazoles	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.01	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
tremorine [no description available]	1.95	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine
trifluoperazine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
trifluperidol Trifluperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES including MANIA and SCHIZOPHRENIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p621)	2.31	1	0	aromatic ketone
tyramine [no description available]	2.71	3	0	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
urethane [no description available]	3.1	5	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
usnic acid [no description available]	2.15	1	0	benzofurans
w 7 W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist	3.09	5	0
3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole: antineoplastic; activates platelet guanylate cyclase; a radiosensitizing agent and guanylate cyclase activator; structure in first source. lificiguat : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole which is substituted by a benzyl group at position 1 and a 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl group at position 3. It is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase and inhibits platelet aggregation.	12.42	317	2	aromatic primary alcohol; furans; indazoles	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; platelet aggregation inhibitor; soluble guanylate cyclase activator; vasodilator agent
ici 204,219 zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	3.54	2	0	carbamate ester; indoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	anti-asthmatic agent; leukotriene antagonist
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	5.03	5	2	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
corticosterone [no description available]	3.14	5	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	4.79	7	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.	2.42	2	0	ergoline alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound	dopamine agonist; hallucinogen; serotonergic agonist
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	3.06	5	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	2	1	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	1.98	1	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
thymidine [no description available]	3.38	7	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
benzimidazole 1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.	3.64	9	0	benzimidazole; polycyclic heteroarene
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	2.35	2	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	2.93	4	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
aldosterone [no description available]	3.37	1	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.	4.4	21	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine	antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	6.85	5	3	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	2.07	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	2.4	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	3.44	7	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction.	3.07	5	0	N-arylpiperazine; organic iodide salt; piperazinium salt; quaternary ammonium salt	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	5.52	24	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	2.02	1	0	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.	3.61	9	0	guanidines
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.81	3	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	4.06	14	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	3.41	7	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	5.96	7	1	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	4	13	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	2.75	3	0	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	1.95	1	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.13	1	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.	2.91	4	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	1.99	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	3.63	9	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	3.04	5	0	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	2.91	4	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine diphosphate Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.	2.25	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	3.65	9	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	1.97	1	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	6.08	11	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	3.63	9	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
benzoxazolone benzoxazolone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2-benzoxazolinone : A member of the class of benzoxazoles that is 2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole carrying an oxo group at position 2.	2.52	2	0	benzoxazole	allelochemical; phytoalexin
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	3.94	12	0	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)	1.96	1	0	azobenzenes
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	8.35	30	1	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	2.31	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
niridazole Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.	1.95	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	4.51	23	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	2.61	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)	2.41	2	0	quaternary ammonium salt
aniline [no description available]	2.03	1	0	anilines; primary arylamine
calcium acetate calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.	2.21	1	0	calcium salt	chelator
androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.	2.03	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine triphosphate Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.4	2	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	2.44	2	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	3.25	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	2.01	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	4.67	8	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
cytidine [no description available]	2.41	1	0	cytidines	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	2.77	3	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	3.26	6	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
fluocinolone acetonide Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.	1.95	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.	3.19	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
triaziquone Triaziquone: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys.. triaziquone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which three of the ring hydrogens are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups.	1.95	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; aziridines	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
tubercidin Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.	2.25	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
mannitol [no description available]	2.74	3	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
cytarabine [no description available]	5.45	5	3	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.	5.13	14	0	non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine	algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite
dinitrofluorobenzene Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.	2.5	2	0	C-nitro compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; allergen; chromatographic reagent; EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor; protein-sequencing agent; spectrophotometric reagent
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	2.44	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	2.95	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	7.96	51	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	3.37	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	3.51	8	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.	2.96	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	8.95	163	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
ethane Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.	1.95	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	plant metabolite; refrigerant
acetylene [no description available]	2.69	3	0	alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound
boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.	2.02	1	0	boranes; mononuclear parent hydride
propane Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.	2.39	2	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	food propellant
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.74	3	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
cyclopropane cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring.	2.03	1	0	cycloalkane; cyclopropanes	inhalation anaesthetic
tetramethylammonium tetramethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetramethylammonium : The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups.	2	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
pinacol pinacol : A glycol that is ethylene glycol in which all four methylene hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups.	7.17	1	0	glycol
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	5.88	7	1	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	2	1	0	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
acrylamide [no description available]	2	1	0	acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	4.8	1	1	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
rhodamine b rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.	4.8	1	1	organic chloride salt; xanthene dye	fluorescent probe; fluorochrome; histological dye
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	4.21	5	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	2.93	4	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
carbazole carbazole: structure in first source	2.11	1	0	carbazole
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	4.8	1	1	pyrrolidin-2-ones
anthranilamide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	substituted aniline
1-naphthol 1-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 1.. hydroxynaphthalene : Any member of the class of naphthalenes that is naphthalene carrying one or more hydroxy groups.	2.08	1	0	naphthol	genotoxin; human xenobiotic metabolite
aminacrine Aminacrine: A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.. 9-aminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by an amino group. A fluorescent dyd and topical antiseptic agent, it is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) in eye drops for the treatment of superficial eye infections.	2.08	1	0	aminoacridines; primary amino compound	acid-base indicator; antiinfective agent; antiseptic drug; fluorescent dye; MALDI matrix material; mutagen
benzhydrylamine [no description available]	2.1	1	0
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	6.57	62	0	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
quinoline [no description available]	2.11	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines
diphenyl diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure	2.41	1	0	aromatic fungicide; benzenes; biphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative
phenylpiperazine phenylpiperazine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.25	1	0
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	3.06	5	0	xanthene
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	1.97	1	0	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
benzotriazole benzotriazole: inhibitor of atmospheric metal corrosion; also component of motion picture film & Neva brake fluid. benzotriazole : The simplest member of the class of benzotriazoles that consists of a benzene nucleus fused to a 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring.	3.65	9	0	benzotriazoles	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
benzothiophene [no description available]	3.51	2	0	1-benzothiophenes; benzothiophene
benzothiazole benzothiazole: structure. benzothiazole : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles.	2.25	1	0	benzothiazoles	environmental contaminant; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	3.46	1	1	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
n-methylpyrrole [no description available]	2.02	1	0	pyrroles
1,3-ditolylguanidine 1,3-ditolylguanidine: structure given in first source; a selective ligand for the sigma binding sites in the brain	2	1	0	toluenes
acetophenone acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.	2.51	2	0	acetophenones	animal metabolite; photosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
nitrobenzene nitrobenzene : A nitroarene consisting of benzene carrying a single nitro substituent. An industrial chemical used widely in the production of aniline.	2.47	2	0	nitroarene; nitrobenzenes
gamma-terpinene gamma-terpinene: RN given refers to gamma-terpinene; structure. gamma-terpinene : One of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (alpha- and beta-terpinene being the others). In gamma-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 4-positions of the p-menthane skeleton.	2.07	1	0	cyclohexadiene; monoterpene	antioxidant; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
4-cymene 4-cymene: structure. p-cymene : A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4.	2.07	1	0	monoterpene; toluenes	human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
4-hydroxyacetophenone 4-hydroxyacetophenone: promotes secretion of bile & bile salts, which promotes griseofulvin absorption in the duodenum. 4'-hydroxyacetophenone : A monohydroxyacetophenone carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4'.	2.17	1	0	monohydroxyacetophenone	fungal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
ethylbenzene [no description available]	4.8	1	1	alkylbenzene
benzylamine aminotoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more amino groups.	2.49	2	0	aralkylamine; primary amine	allergen; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
benzonitrile benzonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a phenyl group.	7.05	1	0	benzenes; nitrile
quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.	2.51	2	0	quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
1,3-diphenylurea 1,3-diphenylurea : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which one of the hydrogens of each amino group is replaced by a phenyl group. It is present in coconut milk (Cocos nucifera).	2.06	1	0	phenylureas	cytokinin; plant metabolite
allyl chloride [no description available]	2.21	1	0	organochlorine compound
allyl alcohol allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.	2.08	1	0	primary allylic alcohol; propenol	antibacterial agent; fungicide; herbicide; insecticide; plant metabolite
propargyl alcohol propargyl alcohol: irreversibly inactivates alcohol oxidase; RN given refers to parent cpd. prop-2-yn-1-ol : A terminal acetylenic compound that is prop-2-yne substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.1	1	0	propynol; terminal acetylenic compound; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glyoxal [no description available]	2.13	1	0	dialdehyde	agrochemical; allergen; pesticide; plant growth regulator
maleic anhydride Maleic Anhydrides: Used in copolymerization reactions, in the Diels-Alder(diene)synthesis, in the preparation of resins, pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. It is a powerful irritant and causes burns.. maleic anhydride : A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of maleic acid.	2.21	1	0	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; furans	allergen
cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.	2.81	3	0	cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol	solvent
2-aminopyrimidine pyrimidin-2-amine : An aminopyrimidine carrying an amino group at position 2.. aminopyrimidine : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine substituted by at least one amino group and its derivatives.	2.43	2	0	aminopyrimidine
butyl chloride butyl chloride: structure	2.15	1	0
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	20.69	259	36	pyrrole; secondary amine
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	5.47	19	0	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
1,2-dimethoxyethane 1,2-dimethoxyethane: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for methoxy moieties. 1,2-dimethoxyethane : A diether that is the 1,2-dimethyl ether of ethane-1,2-diol.	2.13	1	0	diether	non-polar solvent
piperidine [no description available]	3.11	5	0	azacycloalkane; piperidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; secondary amine	base; catalyst; human metabolite; non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; protic solvent; reagent
phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.	2.15	1	0	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	4.98	2	1	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
isoquinoline [no description available]	2.06	1	0	azaarene; isoquinolines; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene
triethylamine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	tertiary amine
pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.	2.21	1	0	anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone	antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector
iodoantipyrine [no description available]	2.69	3	0
meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.	3.97	2	1	hexosamine; secondary amino compound
1-naphthylamine 1-Naphthylamine: A suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by OSHA). Its N-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic.. naphthylamine : A primary arylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at unspecified position.. 1-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at position 1.	2.86	3	0	naphthylamine	human xenobiotic metabolite
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	2.08	1	0	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
2-aminobenzothiazole [no description available]	2.08	1	0	benzothiazoles
sodium cyanide Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.	2.17	1	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; sodium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	2.67	3	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
3-o-methylglucose 3-O-Methylglucose: A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504). 3-O-methyl-D-glucose : A D-aldohexose that is D-glucose in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group at position 3 has been substituted by a methyl group. It is a non-metabolisable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase and is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems.	1.99	1	0	D-aldohexose derivative
ditiocarb Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.	1.98	1	0	dithiocarbamic acids	chelator; copper chelator
1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-Disulfonic Acid Disodium Salt: A colorimetric reagent for iron, manganese, titanium, molybdenum, and complexes of zirconium. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2	1	0	organic molecular entity
potassium cyanide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
methohexital Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.	1.99	1	0	acetylenic compound; barbiturates	drug allergen; intravenous anaesthetic
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	3.21	5	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
diazooxonorleucine Diazooxonorleucine: An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes.	3.94	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; diazo compound; ketone; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	analgesic; antibacterial agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.4.2.14 (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.2 (glutaminase) inhibitor; EC 6.3.4.2 [CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.1 [NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.2 [GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.3 (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.4 [asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.5 [carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; glutamine antagonist
cinnoline cinnoline: structure in first source. cinnoline : An azaarene that is the 1,2-diaza analogue of naphthalene. The parent of the class of cinnolines.	3.85	3	0	azaarene; cinnolines; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	16.62	83	15	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	2.39	2	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
5-azaindole [no description available]	2.11	1	0
7-azaindole [no description available]	2.06	1	0	pyrrolopyridine
benzofuran benzofuran: RN & structure given in first source. 1-benzofuran : A benzofuran consisting of fused benzene and furan rings. It is the parent compound of the class of 1-benzofurans.	2.08	1	0	1-benzofurans; benzofuran
4-azaindole [no description available]	2.11	1	0
benzoxazoles 1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.	3.21	5	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.	6.44	29	0	adamantanes; polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	3.8	3	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	7.09	10	1	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	9.34	18	7	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	8.28	35	1	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
1,2,4-triazole 1,2,4-triazole: RN given refers to 1H-1,2,4-triazole	2.25	1	0	1,2,4-triazole
pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.	2.75	3	0	diazine; pyrimidines	Daphnia magna metabolite
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	11.8	36	9	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
muscarine Muscarine: A toxic alkaloid found in Amanita muscaria (fly fungus) and other fungi of the Inocybe species. It is the first parasympathomimetic substance ever studied and causes profound parasympathetic activation that may end in convulsions and death. The specific antidote is atropine.	2.02	1	0	monosaccharide
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	10.64	91	1	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	3.09	5	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
monocrotaline Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.	2.66	2	0	pyrrolizidine alkaloid
aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.	2.66	3	0	mixture	bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	2.1	1	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
6-aminonicotinamide 6-Aminonicotinamide: A vitamin antagonist which has teratogenic effects.. 6-aminonicotinamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-aminonicotinic acid with ammonia. An inhibitor of the NADP(+)-dependent enzyme, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, it interferes with glycolysis, resulting in ATP depletion and synergizes with DNA-crosslinking chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin, in killing cancer cells.	2.25	1	0	aminopyridine; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary amino compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.1.1.44 (NADP(+)-dependent decarboxylating phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; teratogenic agent
diazomethane Diazomethane: A diazonium compound with the formula CH2N2.. diazomethane : The simplest diazo compound, in which a diazo group is attached to a methylene group.	7.03	1	0	diazo compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; poison
aminoimidazole carboxamide Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.	2.17	1	0	aminoimidazole; monocarboxylic acid amide	mouse metabolite
methysergide Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.	2.69	3	0	ergoline alkaloid
cuprizone [no description available]	2.21	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
citrulline citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.	5.01	39	0	amino acid zwitterion; citrulline	Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	4.8	1	1	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.	2.05	1	0	monofluorobenzenes	NMR chemical shift reference compound
methylguanidine Methylguanidine: A product of putrefaction. Poisonous.. methylguanidine : A guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a methyl group.	1.99	1	0	guanidines	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite; uremic toxin
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	2.13	1	0	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
lucanthone Lucanthone: One of the SCHISTOSOMICIDES, it has been replaced largely by HYCANTHONE and more recently PRAZIQUANTEL. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46). lucanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone.	3.21	6	0	thioxanthenes	adjuvant; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; mutagen; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; schistosomicide drug
bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.	2.94	4	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines	agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	4.2	17	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
thymoquinone thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.	2.07	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	adjuvant; anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	9.92	34	2
thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.	3.48	7	0	thiazolidine
dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.	2.17	1	0	ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative	dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	2	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	4.92	6	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	5.19	15	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	4	13	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.04	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
lucanthone hydrochloride Schistosomicides: Agents that act systemically to kill adult schistosomes.	4.65	9	0
resazurin resazurin: used as indicator in detection of hyposulfite (sulfoxylate); in food research (reductase test); structure	2.11	1	0	phenoxazine
trimellitic anhydride trimellitic anhydride: structure. trimellitic anhydride : A 2-benzofuran compound having oxo groups at the 1- and 3-positions and a carboxy substituent at the 5-position; the cyclic anhydride formed from the carboxy groups at the 1- and 2-positions of trimellitic acid.	2.39	2	0	2-benzofurans; cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; dioxo monocarboxylic acid	allergen; epitope; hapten
2-nitrobenzaldehyde 2-nitrobenzaldehyde: structure given in first source. 2-nitrobenzaldehyde : Benzaldehyde substituted at the ortho-position with a nitro group.	2.46	2	0	benzaldehydes; C-nitro compound
neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.	2.11	1	0	hydrochloride	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
tripalmitin tripalmitin: structure. tripalmitin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.	2.07	1	0	triglyceride
glycerylphosphorylcholine Glycerylphosphorylcholine: A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed)	1.97	1	0	glycerophosphocholine
potassium carbonate potassium carbonate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of carbonic acid.	2.03	1	0	carbonate salt; potassium salt	catalyst; fertilizer; flame retardant
diphenylamine Diphenylamine: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.. diphenylamine : An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union.	3.56	8	0	aromatic amine; bridged diphenyl fungicide; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; antioxidant; carotogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
2-chloropropionic acid 2-chloropropionic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified chlorine locant; structure	1.99	1	0
1-methylindole 1-methylindole: SKATOLE refers to 3-methylindole; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. methylindole : Any member of the class of indoles carrying one or more methyl substituents.	1.97	1	0
1,3-indandione 1,3-indandione : A member of the class of indanones that is indane in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 have been replaced by oxo groups.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone; indanones
2-nitrobenzyl alcohol [no description available]	2.59	2	0
5-methylindole [no description available]	2.08	1	0
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	3.25	6	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
c.i. 42510 Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.	2.57	2	0
benzydamine Benzydamine: A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce post-surgical and post-traumatic pain and edema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of RHEUMATIC DISEASES and INFLAMMATION of the mouth and throat.. benzydamine : A member of the class of indazoles carrying benzyl and 3-(dimethylamino)propyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively. A locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also exhibits local anaesthetic and analgesic properties.	4.17	5	0	aromatic ether; indazoles; tertiary amino compound	analgesic; central nervous system stimulant; hallucinogen; local anaesthetic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	4.55	1	1	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
2-piperidone 2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.08	1	0	delta-lactam; piperidones	EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor
ethylnitrosourea Ethylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by ethyl and nitroso groups.	1.97	1	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride [no description available]	2.21	1	0	butenolide
levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.	4.8	1	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
1H-indazol-3-amine 1H-indazol-3-amine: structure in first source	3.23	5	0	indazoles
2-cyclohexen-1-one 2-cyclohexen-1-one: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd with specified locant for double bond. cyclohexenone : The parent compound of the cyclohexenones, composed of cyclohexanone having one double bond in the ring.. cyclohex-2-enone : A cyclohexenone having its C=C double bond at the 2-position.	2.08	1	0	cyclohexenone
4-phenylpyridine [no description available]	2.31	1	0	phenylpyridine
deoxycytidine [no description available]	14.59	43	18	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-phenylpyridine [no description available]	2.31	1	0
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	2.15	1	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
4-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid 4-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid: phenyl deriv of GABA; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.15	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
phenazocine Phenazocine: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1095)	2	1	0
calcium peroxide [no description available]	4.8	1	1	calcium oxides
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.04	1	0	alkali metal hydroxide
manganese dioxide [no description available]	4.8	1	1	manganese molecular entity; metal oxide
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	5.17	2	1	zinc molecular entity
arsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.	3.29	6	0
ammonium hydroxide Ammonium Hydroxide: The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.. ammonium hydroxide : A solution of ammonia in water.	2.17	1	0	inorganic hydroxy compound	food acidity regulator
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	2.11	1	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	3.17	5	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
selenomethionine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	selenoamino acid; selenomethionines	plant metabolite
win 18446 WIN 18446 : A carboxamide that is 1,8-diaminooctane in which a hydrogen attached to each of the amino groups has been replaced by a dichloroacetyl group. Inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a2 (ALDH1a2). Inhibits the biosynthesis of retinoic acid from retinol in neonatal and adult murine testis. It down-regulates sex related genes in zebrafish.	3.18	1	0	organochlorine compound; secondary carboxamide	EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor
stearylamine stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine.	2.15	1	0	primary aliphatic amine	film-forming compound
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile tetrachloroisophthalonitrile: structure. chlorothalonil : A dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops.	2.31	1	0	aromatic fungicide; dinitrile; tetrachlorobenzene	antifungal agrochemical
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	2.42	2	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	3.41	7	0	tertiary amine
5-hydroxyindole [no description available]	2.08	1	0	hydroxyindoles	human metabolite
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	5.42	9	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	2.78	3	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
pimozide Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.	2.11	1	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound	antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	4.31	4	1	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
tetrapentylammonium tetrapentylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.17	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
nitrosyl chloride nitrosyl chloride: a strong oxidizing agent; capable of nitrosylating organic compounds and thereby generating mutagens or promutagens	2.17	1	0
4-phenylpyrimidine 4-phenylpyrimidine : A biaryl that is pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by a phenyl group.	2.31	1	0	biaryl; pyrimidines
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	2.69	3	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	2.43	2	0	carbon oxoanion
dideoxyadenosine Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.	1.98	1	0	adenosines; purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
5-nitroindazole [no description available]	5.55	20	0
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	5.06	41	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.	7.57	2	0	cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	5.43	4	1	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	5.01	2	1	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	4.8	1	1	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
osmium Osmium: A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os.	8.34	6	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	6.08	21	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	11.17	18	8	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.	3.73	9	0	cobalt group element atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	6.64	37	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
samarium Samarium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	2.06	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
scandium Scandium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45.	2.06	1	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	5.54	4	1	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	2.08	1	0	manganese group element atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	4.92	2	1	titanium group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	2.47	2	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	2.74	3	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	5.2	3	1	copper group element atom; elemental gold
helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.	2.04	1	0	monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom	food packaging gas
aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS.	2.05	1	0	aluminium coordination entity	Lewis acid
cupric chloride cupric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. copper(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.	2.03	1	0	copper molecular entity; inorganic chloride	EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	3.8	2	0	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.	2.03	1	0	mercury coordination entity	sensitiser
acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2.07	1	0	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine	epitope
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	4.8	1	1	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
6-nitroindazole [no description available]	2.96	4	0
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	8.08	10	3	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.	2.03	1	0	diatomic bromine
potassium persulfate [no description available]	2.31	1	0
s-methylcysteine S-methylcysteine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. S-methylcysteine : A cysteine derivative that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen attached to the sulfur is replaced by a methyl group.	2.1	1	0	S-alkyl-L-cysteine zwitterion; S-alkyl-L-cysteine	human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	5.02	2	1	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	4.8	1	1	calcium phosphate
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	2.67	3	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	2.03	1	0	dihydrogen
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	2.15	1	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	7.87	4	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
cupric bromide [no description available]	2.08	1	0
vasotocin Vasotocin: A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.. vasotocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.	2.03	1	0
antimony trichloride antimony trichloride : An inorganic chloride salt with formula SbCl3. It is used as a reagent for detecting vitamin A and related carotenoids, reacting with the carotenoid to form a blue complex that can be measured by colorimetry (the Carr-Price test). Solutions of antimony trichloride were formerly used for dissolving and removing horn stubs from calves and goats.	2.31	1	0	antimony molecular entity; inorganic chloride	apoptosis inducer; colorimetric reagent; Lewis acid
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	2.31	1	0	cadmium coordination entity
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.57	9	0
clodronic acid Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.	2.03	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent
chloramine [no description available]	2.1	1	0	halide
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	4.8	1	1	titanium oxides	food colouring
tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.74	3	0
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.	3.16	5	0	selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound	geroprotector
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	1.99	1	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2.75	3	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
tetridamin tetridamin: do not confuse with tetrodamine; structure	3.99	4	0
metergoline Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.	2.38	2	0	carbamate ester; ergoline alkaloid	dopamine agonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
lisuride Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS).	1.99	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; serotonergic agonist
1-deoxynojirimycin 1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.	3.14	1	0	2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol; piperidine alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11h)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide Dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11H)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide: Inhibits the activity of prostaglandins.	2.03	1	0
iodine [no description available]	2.81	3	0	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
osmium tetroxide Osmium Tetroxide: (T-4)-Osmium oxide (OsO4). A highly toxic and volatile oxide of osmium used in industry as an oxidizing agent. It is also used as a histological fixative and stain and as a synovectomy agent in arthritic joints. Its vapor can cause eye, skin, and lung damage.. osmium tetroxide : An osmium coordination entity consisting of four oxygen atoms bound to a central osmium atom via covalent double bonds.	1.98	1	0	osmium coordination entity	fixative; histological dye; oxidising agent; poison
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	4.7	3	2	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
phosphotyrosine Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.	5.07	5	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O(4)-phosphotyrosine	Escherichia coli metabolite; immunogen
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	3.59	9	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
dimedone dimedone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.06	1	0
isothiuronium Isothiuronium: An undecenyl THIOUREA which may have topical anti-inflammatory activity.	3.63	9	0
benzonidazole benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.	4.12	4	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antiprotozoal drug
4-methoxyamphetamine 4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation	2.05	1	0
dihydro-beta-erythroidine Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine: Dihydro analog of beta-erythroidine, which is isolated from the seeds and other plant parts of Erythrina sp. Leguminosae. It is an alkaloid with curarimimetic properties.. dihydro-beta-erythroidine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the partial hydrogenation of the 1,3-diene moiety of beta-erythroidine to give the corresponding 2-ene.	2.01	1	0	delta-lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	nicotinic antagonist
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.	2.91	4	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound	antidepressant; protein kinase agonist
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	6.39	12	1
alkenes [no description available]	3.36	6	0
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	4.83	32	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
alovudine [no description available]	5.3	6	2	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside
pivampicillin Pivampicillin: Pivalate ester analog of AMPICILLIN.. pivampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a prodrug of ampicillin.	2.17	1	0	penicillanic acid ester; pivaloyloxymethyl ester	prodrug
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	3.46	7	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
adenosine diphosphate ribose Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins.	2.25	1	0	ADP-sugar	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.	2	1	0	timolol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
tramadol Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.	4.7	3	2	2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antitussive; capsaicin receptor antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; muscarinic antagonist; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nigericin Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.	2.45	2	0	polycyclic ether	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	2.03	1	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
5,7-dihydroxytryptamine 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool.	1.99	1	0
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	15.02	61	28	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	9.11	21	7	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p [no description available]	2.9	4	0	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	3.21	1	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
triazinate triazinate: structure	4.45	1	1
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2	1	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.74	3	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.	3.62	9	0	pyridinium ion	apoptosis inducer; herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin
lonidamine lonidamine: structure. lonidamine : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole that is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and carboxy groups, respectively.	15.96	316	46	dichlorobenzene; indazoles; monocarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; antispermatogenic agent; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
n-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine: reactive arylating intermediate from acetaminophen & N-hydroxyacetaminophen; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	ketoimine; quinone imine
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	9.98	274	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine) Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine): A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls that induces hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity towards thyroxine.. Aroclor 1254 : A mixture of polychlorobiphenyls of unspecified composition, containing 54% chlorine (X = Cl or H).	2.01	1	0
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	2.01	1	0	chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor
vindesine Vindesine: Vinblastine derivative with antineoplastic activity against CANCER. Major side effects are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Vindesine is used extensively in chemotherapy protocols (ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS).	7.1	6	5	methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; primary carboxamide; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	8.33	22	16	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
enkephalin, methionine Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.	2.94	4	0
propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.	2	1	0	conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	2.98	4	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	2.41	2	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	3.63	9	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
pimonidazole pimonidazole: structure given in first source	2.15	1	0
fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.	4.98	9	1	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
miglustat miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.	3.14	1	0	piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	1.98	1	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline 2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline: mutagen found in broiled food; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source; frequently abbreviated as IQ in the literature. 3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinolin-2-amine : An imidazoquinoline that is 3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and an amino group at position 2.	1.96	1	0	imidazoquinoline	carcinogenic agent
loceryl amorolfine: RN given refers to parent cpd. amorolfine : A member of the class of morpholines that is cis-2,6-dimethylmorpholine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a racemic 2-methyl-3-[p-(2-methylbutan-2-yl)phenyl]propyl group. An inhibitor of the action of squalene monooxygenase, Delta(14) reductase and D7-D8 isomerase and an antifungal agent, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) for the topical treatment of fungal nail and skin infections.	3.17	1	0	morpholine antifungal drug; tertiary amino compound	EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.70 (Delta(14)-sterol reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
bm 13505 daltroban: thromboxane antagonist	1.98	1	0
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	2.48	2	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.	2.73	3	0	benzodioxine; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.	2.58	2	0	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic)	anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	2.57	2	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
itraconazole Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.	4.55	1	1	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; N-arylpiperazine; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
salmeterol xinafoate Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.	4.8	1	1	naphthoic acid
fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.	2.7	3	0
quinelorane quinelorane: LY 175887 is dextrorotary isomer; LY 137157 is a racemic mixture	2.07	1	0	quinazolines
finasteride Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.	3.13	1	0	3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.	3.99	3	0	imidazoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer
batanopride batanopride: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.38	2	0
aromasil [no description available]	2.1	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
zileuton [no description available]	4.18	5	0	1-benzothiophenes; ureas	anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
wy 48252 Wy 48252: leukotriene D4 antagonist	1.97	1	0
tiagabine Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.	2.02	1	0	beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid; tertiary amino compound; thiophenes	anticonvulsant; GABA reuptake inhibitor
topotecan Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.	8.1	16	2	pyranoindolizinoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
eliprodil 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanol : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine substituted by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl group at position 1 and by a 4-fluorobenzyl group at position 4.	2.4	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; piperidines; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
bromfenac bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.	2.11	1	0	aromatic amino acid; benzophenones; organobromine compound; substituted aniline	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	14.15	40	16	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
aripiprazole Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.	2.52	2	0	aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone	drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist
irinotecan [no description available]	6.97	11	2	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
pobilukast pobilukast: a leukotriene receptor antagonist; an antiasthmatic agent; structure in first source; RN refers to (R-(R,S)-isomer	5.38	11	0
ziprasidone ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.	2.53	2	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; indolones; organochlorine compound; piperazines	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.	10.41	10	6	carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	6.78	10	1	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
gadolinium chloride gadolinium chloride: a macrophage inhibitor; reduces pulmonary injury and inflammatory mediator production induced by inhaled ozone	2.04	1	0	gadolinium coordination entity	TRP channel blocker
cathinone cathinone: alkaloid from khat shrub, Catha edulis; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. cathinone : The S stereoisomer of 2-aminopropiophenone.	2.59	2	0	2-aminopropiophenone; monoamine alkaloid	central nervous system stimulant; psychotropic drug
2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline: strong mutagens found in broiled food; structure given in first source	1.96	1	0	aminoquinoline
acridine orange Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.	2.45	2	0	aminoacridines; aromatic amine; tertiary amino compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
carbogen carbogen: mixture of 95% O2 & 5% CO2	1.97	1	0
efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.05	1	0	acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	6.13	4	1	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
ursolic acid [no description available]	2.15	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
norharman norharman: RN given refers to parent cpd. beta-carboline : The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring.	2.72	3	0	beta-carbolines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	fungal metabolite; marine metabolite
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	3.29	6	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
betulinic acid [no description available]	2.78	3	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
plerixafor plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.	2.61	2	0	azacycloalkane; azamacrocycle; benzenes; crown amine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist; immunological adjuvant
amprenavir [no description available]	2.02	1	0	carbamate ester; sulfonamide; tetrahydrofuryl ester	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	3.03	4	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
fluorexon fluorexon: structure	2.06	1	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
aica ribonucleotide AICA ribonucleotide: purine precursor that has antineoplastic activity. AICA ribonucleotide : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide that is acadesine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position has been converted to its monophosphate derivative.	2.17	1	0	1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide; aminoimidazole	cardiovascular drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
testosterone undecanoate [no description available]	3.7	1	1	steroid ester
2',5'-dideoxyadenosine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	deoxyribonucleoside
lissamine rhodamine b lissamine rhodamine B: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lissamine Rhodamine B refers to Na salt	2.11	1	0
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid: spelled pyrolidine in J Nutr 1979 reference; RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is the N-dithiocarboxy derivative of pyrrolidine.	2.73	3	0	dithiocarbamic acids; pyrrolidines	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; NF-kappaB inhibitor; radical scavenger
peroxynitric acid [no description available]	3.79	3	0	nitrogen oxoacid
litoxetine litoxetine: a serotonin uptake inhibitor	1.98	1	0
nafagrel nafagrel: structure given in first source	2	1	0
web 2086 WEB 2086: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist	2.39	2	0	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
lerisetron [no description available]	1.99	1	0
lubeluzole lubeluzole: a benzothiazole compound; used for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke; R-91154 is the inactive isomer	2.02	1	0	benzothiazoles
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
2-methoxyestradiol 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.	4.41	6	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	angiogenesis modulating agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
1,7-phenanthroline [no description available]	2.1	1	0	phenanthroline
1h-imidazo(4,5-b)pyridine 1H-imidazo(4,5-b)pyridine: structure given in first source. 4-azabenzimidazole : The [4,5-b]-fused isomer of imidazopyridine.	2.01	1	0	imidazopyridine
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	9.54	46	3	1,2,3-triazole
coproporphyrin i coproporphyrin I: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants; see also record for coproporphyrin III; zinc coproporphyrin I is fluorescent and a characteristic component of meconium	3.98	2	1
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	8.86	13	5	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
tolnidamine tolnidamine: structure given in first source	3.06	5	0
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	4.13	4	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
4-aminopyrimidine [no description available]	2.43	2	0	aminopyrimidine
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline: structure in first source. 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline : A member of the class of quinolines that is the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro derivative of quinoline.	2.08	1	0	quinolines
4(5)-phenylimidazole 4(5)-phenylimidazole: tautomeric cpd; cytochrome P450 14alpha-sterol demethylase, CYP51 antagonist	2.31	1	0
1,2-benzisoxazole 1,2-benzisoxazole: structure in first source. 1,2-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,2-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzisoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.	2.05	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
aminoquinuride [no description available]	2.25	1	0
cromakalim Cromakalim: A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)	2.4	2	0
uk 68798 [no description available]	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; potassium channel blocker
bindarit [no description available]	8.88	51	2
masoprocol Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.	2.11	1	0	nordihydroguaiaretic acid	antineoplastic agent; hypoglycemic agent; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite
tocophersolan tocophersolan: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.54	2	0	tocol
efaroxan efaroxan: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0	1-benzofurans
7-hydroxystaurosporine [no description available]	2.1	1	0
honokiol [no description available]	4.2	2	0	biphenyls
dmp 323 (4R,5S,6S,7R)-4,7-dibenzyl-5,6-dihydroxy-1,3-bis[4-(hydroxymethyl)benzyl]-1,3-diazepan-2-one : A 1,3-diazepanone ring with two 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzyl groups as substituents at positions N-1 and N-4, two benzyl groups at C-4 and C-7, and two hydroxy groups at C-5 and C-6 respectively.	1.99	1	0	diazepanone; ureas	anti-HIV agent; metabolite
squalamine squalamine: from dogfish shark Squalus acanthias; structure given in first source	3.25	1	0	bile acid
urazole urazole: structure in first source	2.52	2	0
3-deazaneplanocin 3-deazaneplanocin: S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase antagonist	2.84	3	0
bilobalide [no description available]	2.25	1	0	sesquiterpene lactone
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	3.21	1	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
1-benzyl-1h-indazol-3-ol 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-ol: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
ethyl protocatechuate ethyl protocatechuate: structure. ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate : An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid with ethanol. It is the anti-oxidative component of peanut seed testa.	2.05	1	0	catechols; ethyl ester	antibacterial agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
methyl tryptophan, (l-trp)-isomer [no description available]	2.08	1	0
indazole-3-carboxylic acid indazole-3-carboxylic acid: derivatives of above cpd are often antispermatogenic agents	3.25	6	0
2-aminopyrazine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	pyrazines
imidazo(1,2-a)pyridine imidazo(1,2-a)pyridine: structure	2.06	1	0
4-nitrophenethyl bromide [no description available]	2.31	1	0
cyclopropanecarboxamide cyclopropylcarboxamide : Carboxamides RC(=O)NR'R'' where R is a cyclopropyl group.	2.08	1	0	cyclopropylcarboxamide
6-aminoindazole 6-aminoindazole: depresses gastric acid secretion; structure given in first source	2.69	3	0	indazoles
1-phenylimidazole 1-phenylimidazole: ligand for cytochrome P-450 & inhibitor of microsomal oxidation	2.71	3	0
3-indazolinone 3-indazolinone: structure given in first source	2.92	4	0
s20098 [no description available]	2.1	1	0	acetamides
6-sulfanilamidoindazole 6-sulfanilamidoindazole: induces acute arthritis & periarticular inflammation in rats	2.87	4	0
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	4.55	1	1	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
4-aminoquinazoline 4-aminoquinazoline: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
5-aminoindazole [no description available]	3	4	0
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	3.71	10	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	10.41	4	1	iditol	fungal metabolite
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.	2.76	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid	fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.38	2	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
cb 10375 trimelamol: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
melanotan-ii melanotan-II: synthetic cyclic heptapeptide, an analog of alpha-melanotropin (4,10); capable of stimulating melanin synthesis & promoting rapid tanning of skin; currently in trials for use in the prevention of sunlight-induced skin cancer	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
mci 9038 [no description available]	2.17	1	0	peptide
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	2.08	1	0
5-iodotubercidin 7-iodotubercidin: inhibits Toxoplasma gondii adenosine kinase	2.25	1	0	organoiodine compound
hexylglutathione S-hexylglutathione : An S-substituted glutathione that is glutathione in which the hydrogen of the thiol has been replaced by a hexyl group (PDB entry: 1PN9).	2	1	0	S-substituted glutathione
hydroxybenzindazole hydroxybenzindazole: structure	2.97	4	0
2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-1-hydroxychroman 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-1-hydroxychroman: a Vitamin E derivative. chromanol : Any member of the class of chromanes that is chromane substituted by one or more hydroxy groups.	2.02	1	0
4-hydroxycyclophosphamide 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide: primary activation metabolite of cyclophosphamide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide : A phosphorodiamide that consists of 2-amino-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-4-ol 2-oxide having two 2-chloroethyl groups attached to the exocyclic nitrogen.	2.46	2	0	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; phosphorodiamide	alkylating agent; metabolite
combretastatin combretastatin: cytotoxic principle from South African tree COMBRETUM caffrum; structure given in first source; acts at COLCHICINE site of TUBULIN	3.17	1	0
coumarin 6 coumarin 6: structure in first source	2.15	1	0	7-aminocoumarins	fluorochrome
1-p-chlorobenzyl-1h-indazole-3-carboxylic acid 1-p-chlorobenzyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid: RN given refers to cpd with isomeric designation; structure	3.06	5	0	indazoles
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	8.2	5	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.	7.37	8	2	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source	2.71	3	0	polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate: binds to GABA & ion recognition sites; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	organic thiophosphate
enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-: A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.. DPDPE : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is a cyclic enkephalin analogue, having D-penicillaminyl residues located at positions 2 and 5, which form the heterocycle via a disulfide bond.	1.99	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	delta-opioid receptor agonist
u 73122 1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.	2.44	2	0	aromatic ether; aza-steroid; maleimides	EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system	2.46	2	0	oligopeptide
sr141716 [no description available]	3.62	8	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist
s-nitrosoglutathione [no description available]	3.84	11	0	glutathione derivative; nitrosothio compound	bronchodilator agent; nitric oxide donor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; signalling molecule
bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.	2.41	1	0	primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
bicuculline methiodide [no description available]	2.02	1	0
fpl 55712 FPL 55712: inhibitor of SRS-A and LTC4 and LTD4 receptors	4.32	6	0	aromatic ketone
paxilline paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer. paxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels.	2.04	1	0	diterpene alkaloid; enone; organic heterohexacyclic compound; terpenoid indole alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	anticonvulsant; Aspergillus metabolite; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; genotoxin; geroprotector; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; potassium channel blocker
prolinedithiocarbamate prolinedithiocarbamate: do not confuse with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate which is also abbreviated PDTC	2.96	4	0
cyanates Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).	7.4	2	0
fluorocitrate fluorocitrate: competitve inhibitor of aconitase; effects morphology of kidney tubules in fluorocitrate poisoning; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2.02	1	0	carbonyl compound
cv 3988 CV 3988: platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
sr 95531 [no description available]	2	1	0	methoxybenzenes
s-methylthiocitrulline S-methylthiocitrulline: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; structure in first source. S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline : An L-arginine derivative in which the guanidino NH2 group of L-arginine is replaced by a methylsufanyl group.	3.71	10	0	imidothiocarbamic ester; L-arginine derivative; L-ornithine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
fingolimod hydrochloride Fingolimod Hydrochloride: A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.. fingolimod hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod).	3.21	1	0	hydrochloride	immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
n(g)-iminoethylornithine [no description available]	4.9	11	0	L-alpha-amino acid
triptolide [no description available]	3.19	1	0	diterpenoid; epoxide; gamma-lactam; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	antispermatogenic agent; plant metabolite
ramosetron [no description available]	1.97	1	0	indoles
sri 63-441 SRI 63-441: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist	1.97	1	0
alpha-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(5-fluoro-2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazine butanol alpha-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(5-fluoro-2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazine butanol: NM refers to free form; BMY 14802-1 is the HCl; structure given in first source	2	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
rx 821002 2-methoxyidazoxan: 2-methoxy analog of idazoxan. 2-methoxyidazoxan : A benzodioxine that is idazoxan substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group.	2.52	2	0	benzodioxine; cyclic ketal; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
ecteinascidin 743 [no description available]	8.03	14	0	acetate ester; azaspiro compound; bridged compound; hemiaminal; isoquinoline alkaloid; lactone; organic heteropolycyclic compound; organic sulfide; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; marine metabolite
kt 5823 KT 5823: indolocarbazole; activates human neutrophils & fails to inhibit cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation of vimentin. KT 5823 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of methyl (3R)-3-methoxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2S,3R,5R product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1-methyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.	3.12	5	0	gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; methyl ester; organic heterooctacyclic compound	EC 2.7.11.12 (cGMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.	4.7	9	0	2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent
zacopride [no description available]	3.85	12	0	benzamides
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	4.09	15	0
anserine Anserine: A dipeptide containing BETA-ALANINE.. anserine : A dipeptide comprising of beta-alanine and 3-methyl-L-histidine units.	1.99	1	0	beta-alanine derivative; dipeptide; zwitterion	animal metabolite; mouse metabolite
homoorientin homoorientin: isolated from Swertia japonica; structure given in first source	4.8	1	1	flavone C-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; radical scavenger
thromboxanes thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.	2.4	2	0
zinc coproporphyrin iii coproporphyrin III: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; see also record for coproporphyrin I	2.17	1	0
sc 41930 SC 41930: leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist; structure in first source	1.98	1	0
phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine-chloromethyl ketone phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine-chloromethyl ketone: do not confuse with Pro-Phe-Arg-CH2-Cl or with Phe-Phe-Arg-CH2-Cl, both sometimes also referred to as PPACK	2.01	1	0
ici 198615 ICI 198615: an LTD4 receptor antagonist; SRS-A antagonist; structure given in first source	7.13	68	0
ak 2123 AK 2123: a 3-nitrotriazole cpd	2.01	1	0
gr 113808 GR 113808: structure given in first source; a 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist: GR 125487 is the HCl salt. GR 113808 : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 1-methylindole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of N-{2-[4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}methanesulfonamide.	2	1	0	indolyl carboxylate ester; piperidines; sulfonamide	serotonergic antagonist
ah 6809 6-isopropoxy-9-oxoxanthene-2-carboxylic acid: structure given in UD	2.44	2	0	xanthones
renzapride [no description available]	2.67	3	0
gr 73632 GR 73632: neurokinin receptor agonist	2	1	0
ezogabine ezogabine: structure in first source. ezogabine : A substituted aniline that is benzene-1,2,4-triamine bearing ethoxycarbonyl and 4-fluorobenzyl substituents at positions N-1 and N-4 respectively. An anticonvulsant used to treat seizures associated with epilepsy in adults.	2.08	1	0	carbamate ester; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	anticonvulsant; potassium channel modulator
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate: structure given in first source	2.61	2	0
s-nitroso-n-acetylcysteine S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine: activates bovine coronary arterial & rat hepatic soluble guanylate cyclase; RN given refers to (L)-isomer	1.99	1	0
tryptophan methyl ester tryptophan methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd(DL)-isomer	2	1	0
celastrol [no description available]	2.13	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite
benzyne benzyne: structure in first source. benzyne : 1,2-didehydrobenzene and its derivatives formed by substitution.	7.98	4	0	aryne; benzyne
carbene carbene: electrically neutral species H2C: and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons; carbene is the name of the parent hydride :CH2 ; hence, the name dichlorocarbene for :CCl2. However, names for acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more divalent carbon atoms are derived from the name of the corresponding all-4-hydrocarbon using the suffix -ylidene; methylene carbene also available. carbene : The electrically neutral species H2C(2.) and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons, which may be spin-paired (singlet state) or spin-non-paired (triplet state).	2.75	3	0	carbene; methanediyl
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	3.63	9	0	nitrogen oxoacid
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	10.44	27	2	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
mk 0663 [no description available]	3.47	1	1	bipyridines; organochlorine compound; sulfone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gefitinib [no description available]	6.49	13	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
bay x 1005 2-(4-(quinolin-2-yl-methoxy)phenyl)-2-cyclopentylacetic acid: inhibits synthesis of leukotriene B4 and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; inhibits five-lipoxygenase activating protein(FLAP)and leukotriene A4 hydrolase(LTA4H); structure given in first source;	2	1	0
enkephalin-met, arg(6)-phe(7)- [no description available]	2.01	1	0	organic molecular entity
2-chloro-n(6)cyclopentyladenosine 2-chloro-N(6)cyclopentyladenosine: highly selective agonist at A1 adenosine receptors	2.01	1	0
5,5'-bis(8-(phenylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonate) [no description available]	2.1	1	0
n,n-dimethylarginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.	2.98	4	0	dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
n(omega)-hydroxyarginine N(omega)-hydroxyarginine: can cause vasorelaxation of bovine intrapulmonary artery; structure given in first source. N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine : An N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine in which the double bond has Z-configuration.	2.01	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; N(5)-[(E)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[(hydroxyamino)(imino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine; N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine
bq 610 BQ 610: endothelin A receptor antagonist; endothelin-1 antagonist	2.02	1	0
4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-n,n-diethylbenzamide 4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide: a highly-selective, nonpeptide delta opioid receptor agonist; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	diarylmethane
vadimezan vadimezan : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 5,6-dimethyl-9-oxoxanthen-4-yl group.	3.14	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; xanthones	antineoplastic agent
gr 65630 GR 65630: serotonin receptor ligand. GR 65630 : A member of the class of methylindoles that is 1-methylindole substituted at position 3 by a 3-(4-methylimidazol-5-yl)propanoyl group.	2.89	4	0
garenoxacin garenoxacin: a des-fluoro(6) quinolone with antibacterial activity. garenoxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a cyclopropyl group at position 1, an oxo group at position 4, a (1R)-1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yl group at position 7, and a difluoromethoxy group at position 8.	3.21	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; isoindoles; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
histamine trifluoromethyl-toluidide histamine trifluoromethyl-toluidide: structure given in first source	2	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
imidazolium-bis(imidazole)tetrachlororuthenate(iii) imidazolium-bis(imidazole)tetrachlororuthenate(III): structure given in first source	2	1	0
lestaurtinib [no description available]	2.46	2	0	indolocarbazole
sb 200646 N-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-N'-(3-pyridyl)urea: structure given in first source; a selective 5-HT(1C) receptor antagonist; SB-200646 is the HCl salt	2.04	1	0	indoles
ly 163443 LY 163443: structure in first source; leukotriene receptor antagonist	3.07	1	0
methotrexate [no description available]	7.21	11	3	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
sc 39070 SC 39070: structure in first source; leukotriene D4 antagonist	3.07	1	0
ly 293558 tezampanel: structure given in first source; an AMPA receptor antagonist	2	1	0
clausenamide clausenamide: Chinese drug isolated from leaves of Clausena lansium (Lour) Skeels; used in treatment of viral hepatitis; structure given in first source	2	1	0
n(g)-nitroarginine-4-nitroanilide N(G)-nitroarginine-4-nitroanilide: anti-nociceptive agent in the mouse	1.99	1	0
wy 45911 Wy 45911: a leukotriene antagonist with lipoxygenase inhibiting activity; structure given in UD	1.97	1	0
ly 274614 LY 235959: RN refers to (3S-(3alpha,4aalpha,6beta,8aalpha))-isomer	2.21	1	0
bradykinin, hyp(3)-thi(5)-tic(7)-oic(8)-desarg(9)- bradykinin, Hyp(3)-Thi(5)-Tic(7)-Oic(8)-desArg(9)-: a bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist	2.05	1	0
omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.	4.45	22	0	amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
abiraterone [no description available]	6.2	3	2	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; pyridines	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.99.9 (steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase) inhibitor
triiodothyronine L-homocysteine thiolactone : A thiolactone arising from formal condensation of the mercapto (sulfanyl) and carboxylic acid groups of L-homocysteine.	2.07	1	0	tetrahydrothiophenes; thiolactone	human metabolite
5-hydroxybendazac 5-hydroxybendazac: metabolite of bendazac; RN given refers parent cpd	3.47	8	0
cd 437 CD 437: selective for retinoic acid receptors gamma. CD437 : A naphthoic acid that is 6-phenylnaphthylene-2-carboxyic acid in which the phenyl substituent has been substituted at positions 3 and 4 by adamant-1-yl and hydroxy groups, respectively. It acts as a selective agonist of retinoic acid receptor (RAR)gamma and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various cancer cells.	2.43	2	0	adamantanes; monocarboxylic acid; naphthoic acid; phenols	apoptosis inducer; retinoic acid receptor gamma agonist
quinone methide quinone methide: intermediate in eumelanin biosynthesis; structure given in first source. quinomethane : A methylidenecyclohexadienone, formally derived from a benzoquinone by replacement of one of the quinone oxygens by a methylidene group.	2.17	1	0	quinomethane
1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	5.88	8	1	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aminotris(methylenephosphonato)diamminoplatinum (ii) aminotris(methylenephosphonato)diamminoplatinum (II): structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin: structure in first source. pralatrexate : A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.	2.05	1	0	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pteridines; terminal acetylenic compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	8.29	16	6	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
dichlorotetrakis(dimethyl sulfoxide)ruthenium ii dichlorotetrakis(dimethyl sulfoxide)ruthenium II: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation,	2.02	1	0
1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium: RN given from Toxline; RN not in Chemline 4/85	2.07	1	0
1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline 1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: structure given in first source	2.15	1	0
vatalanib [no description available]	5.35	5	0	monochlorobenzenes; phthalazines; pyridines; secondary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	4.39	1	1	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
dmp 450 DMP 450: structure in first source	1.99	1	0
canertinib [no description available]	2.49	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; morpholines; organofluorine compound; quinazolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2.42	2	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
rhodioloside [no description available]	3.41	1	0	glycoside
atrasentan Atrasentan: A pyrrolidine and benzodioxole derivative that acts a RECEPTOR, ENDOTHELIN A antagonist. It has therapeutic potential as an antineoplastic agent and for the treatment of DIABETIC NEPHROPATHIES.	2.05	1	0	pyrrolidines
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.	2.25	1	0	chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
5-deazariboflavin 5-deazariboflavin: deaza analog of riboflavin used to elucidate chemical role of the flavin coenzyme; structure	2	1	0
cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.	3.86	3	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
zinc hematoporphyrin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
9-methyl-beta-carboline 9-methyl-beta-carboline: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
symmetric dimethylarginine N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups at the N(omega)- and N'(omega)-positions	2.04	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
aminopterin Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.	2.05	1	0	dicarboxylic acid	EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; mutagen
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	2	1	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	6.47	13	1	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	3.51	8	0
sb 203580 [no description available]	3.17	5	0	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
erlotinib hydrochloride [no description available]	10.34	20	4	hydrochloride; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; protein kinase inhibitor
cilengitide Cilengitide: an alphaVbeta3 integrin antagonist that paralyzes cancer cells	2.03	1	0	oligopeptide
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	5.27	3	1	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
indisetron hydrochloride indisetron hydrochloride: an anti-emetic agent, indisetron hydrochloride was developed in Japan; structure in first source	2.39	2	0
thaxtomine a thaxtomine A: a phytotoxin produced by Streptomyces scabies; RN given for (3R-trans)-isomer; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
3-(piperidine-1-yl)propyl 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoate hydrochloride 3-(piperidine-1-yl)propyl 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoate hydrochloride: structure given in first source; a 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist	1.99	1	0
1-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-5-methyl-3- phenyl-1h-indazole 1-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-5-methyl-3- phenyl-1H-indazole: structure	3.05	5	0
1-((4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-thiazoyl)carbonyl)-4-methylpiperazine 1-((4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-thiazoyl)carbonyl)-4-methylpiperazine: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
rs 127445 2-amino-4-(4-fluoronaphth-1-yl)-6-isopropylpyrimidine: a 5-HT(2B) receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
diphenidine diphenidine: a psychoactive substance with dissociative effects; structure in first source	2.17	1	0	stilbenoid
lapatinib [no description available]	12.77	26	13	furans; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; quinazolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
firocoxib firocoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor; structure in first source. firocoxib : An enol ether that is the cyclopropylmethyl ether of 3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-4-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]furan-2-one. A selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it is used in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in horses and dogs.	3.46	1	1	butenolide; cyclopropanes; enol ether; sulfone	antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dabigatran Dabigatran: A THROMBIN inhibitor which acts by binding and blocking thrombogenic activity and the prevention of thrombus formation. It is used to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic EMBOLISM in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.. dabigatran : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{[(4-carbamimidoylphenyl)amino]methyl}-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid with the secondary amoino group of N-pyridin-2-yl-beta-alanine. The active metabolite of the prodrug dabigatran etexilate, it acts as an anticoagulant which is used for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism.	2.15	1	0	aromatic amide; benzimidazoles; beta-alanine derivative; carboxamidine; pyridines	anticoagulant; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
tolvaptan [no description available]	3.17	1	0	benzazepine; benzenedicarboxamide	aquaretic; vasopressin receptor antagonist
sorafenib [no description available]	20.41	218	27	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
lenalidomide [no description available]	5.81	3	1	aromatic amine; dicarboximide; isoindoles; piperidones	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; immunomodulator
regadenoson [no description available]	2.31	1	0	purine nucleoside
1-methylpropyl-2-imidazolyl disulfide 1-methylpropyl-2-imidazolyl disulfide: a thioredoxin inhibitor with antineoplastic activity	3.16	1	0	imidazoles
demecolcine Demecolcine: An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.. (-)-demecolcine : A secondary amino compound that is (S)-colchicine in which the N-acetyl group is replaced by an N-methyl group. Isolable from the autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, it is less toxic than colchicine and is used as an antineoplastic.	1.95	1	0	alkaloid; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
santonin Santonin: Anthelmintic isolated from the dried unexpanded flower heads of Artemisia maritima and other species of Artemisia found principally in Russian and Chinese Turkestan and the Southern Ural region. (From Merck, 11th ed.)	2.25	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; santonin	plant metabolite
cortisone [no description available]	1.96	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	5.19	15	0	2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
anisomycin Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.	2.1	1	0	monohydroxypyrrolidine; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	10.49	15	1
acivicin [no description available]	2.38	2	0	isoxazoles; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	antileishmanial agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; glutamine antagonist; metabolite
2-amino-3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid tert-butylglycine : A glycine derivative that is glycine with a tertiary butyl group at position 2.	2.13	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	metabolite
pnu 120596 1-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)urea: an alpha7nAChR agonist; structure in first source	2.11	1	0	ureas
wortmannin [no description available]	3.3	6	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
2-oxindole 2-oxindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. indolin-2-one : An indolinone carrying an oxo group at position 2.	2.11	1	0	gamma-lactam; indolinone
sorbinil sorbinil: aldose reductase inhibitor. sorbinil : An azaspiro compound having a monofluoro-substituted chromane skeleton spiro-linked to an imidazolidinedione ring.	1.97	1	0	azaspiro compound; chromanes; imidazolidinone; organofluorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.	2.01	1	0
diethoxy-(1-phenyl-1,3-butanedionato)titanium (iv) [no description available]	1.97	1	0
ledoxantrone ledoxantrone: benzothiopyrano-indazole cpd; structure given in first source	6.92	10	8
bortezomib [no description available]	5.83	3	1	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
calcein am calcein AM: a non-fluorescent compound cleaved to a fluorescent compound by non-specific intracellular esterases. calcein am : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is calcein in which all four carboxy group hydrogens have been substituted by (acetyloxy)methoxy groups and the hyrodgens of the two hydroxy groups have been substituted by acetyl groups. It is a a non-fluorescent probe cleaved to a fluorescent probe by non-specific intracellular esterases.	2.05	1	0	2-benzofurans; acetate ester; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	1.99	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.	2.46	2	0
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.	3.01	4	0
carboplatin [no description available]	12.39	22	12
nsc 259,968 bouvardin: cyclic hexapeptide from plant Bouvardia ternifolia	1.96	1	0
anatoxin a anatoxin a: found in Anabaena; was indexed to cyanobacterial toxin (MARINE TOXINS) 1978-2006; also see anatoxin-a(s)	2.03	1	0	tropane alkaloid
lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.	3.44	7	0	inorganic chloride; lithium salt	antimanic drug; geroprotector
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	1.95	1	0
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	2.94	1	0	peptide
bradykinin [no description available]	3.7	10	0	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
carnosine polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth	1.99	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; dipeptide	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Daphnia magna metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	2.73	3	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	2.67	3	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
taxifolin (+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.31	1	0	taxifolin	metabolite
nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.	8.23	80	0	guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
inositol 3-phosphate inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer	2.08	1	0
dehydroascorbic acid Dehydroascorbic Acid: The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion.. L-dehydroascorbate : An organic anion and the conjugate base of L-dehydroascorbic acid, arising from deprotonation of the acidic C2-position.. L-dehydroascorbic acid : Dehydroascorbic acid having the L-configuration.	2.02	1	0	dehydroascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; mouse metabolite
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.	2.08	1	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
pentazocine Pentazocine: The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)	2	1	0	benzazocine
phalloidine Phalloidine: Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.. phalloidin : A homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge.	2.05	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
ryanodine Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.	2.42	2	0
ginsenoside rg1 [no description available]	2	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	neuroprotective agent; pro-angiogenic agent
theasinensin a theasinensin A: a tea polyphenol formed from (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, suppresses antibiotic resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. theasinensin A : A biflavonoid that is obtained by coupling of two molecules of (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate resulting in a bond between positions C-2 of the hydroxyphenyl ring. It is a natural product found in oolong tea.	2.31	1	0	biflavonoid; gallate ester; proanthocyanidin	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; melanin synthesis inhibitor; plant metabolite
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	4.37	3	0
bq 123 cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu): derived from the modification of a natural lead of BE-18257B, an endothelin A receptor antagonist; has neuroprotective activity; amino acid sequence given in first source	2.71	3	0	cyclic peptide
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	2.71	3	0	tripeptide
devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.	1.99	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug
sodium arsenite sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.	2.49	2	0	arsenic molecular entity; inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; herbicide; insecticide; rodenticide
vinpocetine vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2	1	0	alkaloid	geroprotector
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	3.26	6	0	cyclodextrin
acetyl coenzyme a Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.	2.41	2	0	acyl-CoA	acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite
ergosterol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trichostatin a trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES	2.78	3	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; hydroxamic acid; trichostatin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	3.53	2	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	3.6	9	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fumaric acid fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters. fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	3.99	1	1	butenedioic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
phosphoramidon phosphoramidon: a membrane metallo-endopeptidase & endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor; thermolysin inhibitor from culture filtrate of Streptomyces tanashiensis; structure. phosphoramidon : A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis.	1.98	1	0	deoxyaldohexose phosphate; dipeptide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	3.66	2	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	2.05	1	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	2.44	2	0	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	4.22	17	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	2.93	4	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	3.1	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	3.23	1	0
gw 3965 GW 3965: a liver X receptor ligand	4.15	4	0	diarylmethane
t0901317 T0901317: an LXRalpha and LXRbeta agonist	3.61	2	0
y 27632 Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme.	3.32	6	0	aromatic amide
prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).	2.39	2	0	prostaglandins D	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
epothilone a Epothilones: A group of 16-member MACROLIDES which stabilize MICROTUBULES in a manner similar to PACLITAXEL. They were originally found in the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, now renamed to Polyangium (MYXOCOCCALES).	3.51	1	1	epothilone; epoxide	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent; tubulin modulator
h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.8	3	0	N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
afimoxifene afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.	2.86	3	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor antagonist; metabolite
imidazolidines [no description available]	3.67	9	0	azacycloalkane; imidazolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
decitabine [no description available]	2.57	2	0	2'-deoxyribonucleoside
laminaran laminaran: beta-1,3-glucan	2.25	1	0
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2.67	3	0	actinomycin	mutagen
bevirimat bevirimat: an HIV inhibitor; disrupts late step in processing HIV Major Core Protein p24, preventing the capsid precursor p25 from being converted to mature capsid p24. bevirimat : A pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained by the formal condensation of 2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of betulinic acid. It is isolated from the Chinese herb Syzygium claviflorum. The first in the class of HIV-1 maturation inhibitors to be studied in humans, bevirimat was identified as a potent HIV drug candidate and several clinical trials were conducted, but development into a new drug was plagued by numerous resistance-related problems.	3.35	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	HIV-1 maturation inhibitor; metabolite
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	3.11	5	0	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.	2.4	2	0	pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion	analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	3.01	4	0	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
prinomastat prinomastat: a diazepine-based hydroxamic acid inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor; angiogenesis inhibitor;. prinomastat : A hydroxamic acid that is (3S)-N-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylthiomorpholine-3-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the thiomorpholine nitrogen has been replaced by a [4-(pyridin-4-yloxy)phenyl]sulfonyl group. It is a selective inhibitor with of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2, 3, 9, 13, and 14.	2.94	1	0	aromatic ether; hydroxamic acid; pyridines; sulfonamide; thiomorpholines	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.35 (gelatinase B) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
abt 492 WQ 3034: structure in first source	3.21	1	0
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	2	1	0	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	2.17	1	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
ammonium acetate ammonium acetate : An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.	2.04	1	0	acetate salt; ammonium salt	buffer; food acidity regulator
dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	2.05	1	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
dimethyloxalylglycine dimethyloxallyl glycine: structure in first source	2.58	2	0	glycine derivative; methyl ester; secondary carboxamide	EC 1.14.11.29 (hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
n-fluorobenzenesulfonimide N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide: structure in first source	2.31	1	0
sch 22219 alclometasone dipropionate : A prednisolone compound having an alpha-chloro substituent at the 7-position, an alpha-methyl substituent at the 16-position and O-propanoyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.	3.1	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; propanoate ester; steroid ester	anti-inflammatory drug
glycosides [no description available]	2.04	1	0
chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.	1.99	1	0	chalcone	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	4.15	15	0	isomethyleugenol
retinaldehyde Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.. all-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2	1	0	retinal; vitamin A	gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	2.1	1	0	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	6.81	6	1	stilbene
isoliquiritigenin [no description available]	1.99	1	0	chalcones	antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; GABA modulator; geroprotector; metabolite; NMDA receptor antagonist
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)	2.46	2	0	flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group
cannabidiol Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.	2.25	1	0	olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols	antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite
buprenorphine Buprenorphine: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.. buprenorphine : A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.	3.46	1	1	morphinane alkaloid	delta-opioid receptor antagonist; kappa-opioid receptor antagonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.	2	1	0	vasopressin	cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen
s 1033 [no description available]	4.17	4	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; imidazoles; pyridines; pyrimidines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
azidopine azidopine: structure given in first source	2	1	0	benzamides
tropisetron Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.	5.99	21	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.	2.25	1	0	pyrimidinethione	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	2.46	2	0
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.25	1	0	catechols; polyphenol; resorcinols; stilbenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bemesetron [no description available]	3.08	5	0
4-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-1-methylpyridinium 4-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-1-methylpyridinium: fluorescent probe for living cells; structure in first source. 4-[4-(dimethylamino)styryl]-N-methylpyridinium : A pyridinium cation obtained by methylation at position 1 of 4-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)pyridine	2.13	1	0	pyridinium ion
phenylalanine methyl ester phenylalanine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-phenylalaninate : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of L-phenylalanine.	2.1	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-phenylalanine derivative
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	5.09	7	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
cct018159 CCT018159: structure in first source. CCT-018159 : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole carrying 1,4-benzodioxane-6-yl and 5-ethyl-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl substituents at positions 4 and 5 respectively.	2.11	1	0	benzodioxine; pyrazoles; resorcinols	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; Hsp90 inhibitor
thiohydantoins Thiohydantoins: Sulfur analogs of hydantoins with one or both carbonyl groups replaced by thiocarbonyl groups.	7.8	3	3
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	1.96	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
urb 597 cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3'-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester: a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.11	1	0	biphenyls
sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.	2.47	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	5.03	9	1	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	4.8	1	1	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	6.59	15	1	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	2.67	3	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
ferric ferrocyanide ferric ferrocyanide: antidote to thallium poisoning; RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:4] salt; structure	2.31	1	0
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	2.06	1	0	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
selectfluor selectfluor: structure in first source	2.41	1	0
n-hydroxy-n'-(4-butyl-2-methylphenyl)formamidine HET0016: 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid synthesis inhibitor	2.04	1	0	toluenes
capsazepine capsazepine: modified capsaicin molecule; a capsaicin receptor antagonist. capsazepine : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist.	2.21	1	0	benzazepine; catechols; monochlorobenzenes; thioureas	capsaicin receptor antagonist
1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole 1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole: intermediate in the synthesis of imidazolineoxyl N-oxides; partial structure given in first source	2.94	4	0	benzoic acid; imidazolines; organic radical	apoptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide: partial structure given in first source; endothelium-derived relaxing factor antagonist	2.41	2	0
tamoxifen [no description available]	5.17	10	1	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
nadp [no description available]	3.79	11	0
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	1.97	1	0
stattic [no description available]	2.08	1	0	1-benzothiophenes; C-nitro compound; sulfone	antineoplastic agent; radiosensitizing agent; STAT3 inhibitor
fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.	2.6	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
toremifene Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.	2.1	1	0	aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amine	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	3.56	8	0	aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent
lomeguatrib [no description available]	2.31	1	0
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	7.68	3	0	alkali metal atom
cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.	3.01	4	0	cobalt salt; inorganic chloride	allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator
thiophanate Thiophanate: Nematocide used in livestock; also has fungicidal properties.. thiophanate : A member of the class of thioureas that is the diethyl ester of (1,2-phenylenedicarbamothioyl)biscarbamic acid. A fungicide effective against a broad spectrum of diseases in fruit, vegetables, turf and other crops including eyespot, scab, powdery mildew and grey mould.	2.07	1	0	benzimidazole precursor fungicide; carbamate ester; carbamate fungicide; thioureas	antifungal drug
raclopride Raclopride: A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.	2.07	1	0	salicylamides
dolasetron [no description available]	1.97	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
meclonazepam [no description available]	2.15	1	0
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.	2.9	3	0	beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative	anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
mitragynine [no description available]	2.15	1	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid
e 6123 E 6123: platelet activating factor antagonist	2	1	0
didimethylsulfoxide dichloroplatinum(ii) [no description available]	1.97	1	0
gea 3162 GEA 3162: structure given in first source; a nitric oxide-releasing compound	2.02	1	0
4-phenyl-1-(4-phenylbutyl)piperidine 4-phenyl-1-(4-phenylbutyl)piperidine: a potent ligand for sigma receptors; structure given in first source	2	1	0	piperidines
e 7010 E 7010: inhibits tubulin polymerization; structure given in first source	3.14	1	0	sulfonamide
8-bromoguanosino-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate [no description available]	2.43	2	0
u-50488 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer: A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21). U50488 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and the secondary amino group of (1R,2R)-N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexanamine	1.99	1	0	dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine	analgesic; antitussive; calcium channel blocker; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist
ly335979 [no description available]	2.15	1	0	carbopolycyclic compound
tandutinib [no description available]	3.15	1	0	aromatic ether; N-arylpiperazine; N-carbamoylpiperazine; phenylureas; piperidines; quinazolines; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
ym348 YM348: 5-HT2C receptor agonist & an antiobesity drug	3.28	6	0
rasagiline [no description available]	2.17	1	0	indanes; secondary amine; terminal acetylenic compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
dasatinib N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).	5.3	15	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ha 1100 HA 1100: intracellular calcium antagonist	2.06	1	0
oxalylglycine oxalylglycine: structure given in first source. N-oxalylglycine : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is iminodiacetic acid with an oxo substituent. It is used as an inhibitor of alpha-ketoglutarate dependent (EC 1.14.11.*) enzymes.	2.49	2	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; N-acylglycine	EC 1.14.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, incorporating 1 atom each of oxygen into both donors) inhibitor
ethylphenidate ethylphenidate: structure given in first source	2.15	1	0
zd 6474 CH 331: structure in first source	7.79	20	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	2	1	0
phosphothreonine Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function.	2.49	2	0	L-threonine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline: structure given in first source; neuroprotectant for cerebral ischemia; AMPA receptor antagonist	3.1	5	0	naphthalenes; sulfonic acid derivative
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	4.73	11	0
tissue plasminogen activator [no description available]	2.01	1	0	alpha-amino acid
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	3.56	1	1	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
sb 242084 6-chloro-5-methyl-1-((2-(2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy)pyrid-5-yl)carbamoyl)indoline: 5-HT(2C) receptor inverse agonist (antagonist); structure in first source	2.94	4	0
l 663536 MK-886: orally active leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor. 3-[3-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid : A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.	4	4	0	aryl sulfide; indoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.	2.95	4	0	quinoxaline derivative
zinc protoporphyrin ix [no description available]	2.05	1	0
fg 9041 FG 9041: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0	quinoxaline derivative
jhw 015 [no description available]	3.25	1	0	indolecarboxamide
am 281 AM 281: radioligand for cannabinoid CB1 receptors; structure in first source	2.11	1	0	pyrazoles; ring assembly
am 630 iodopravadoline: an aminoalkylindole; a competitive cannabinoid receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	3.25	1	0	N-acylindole
cathepsin g Cathepsin G: A serine protease found in the azurophil granules of NEUTROPHILS. It has an enzyme specificity similar to that of chymotrypsin C.	2.73	3	0
3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol 3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol: (-)-CP-55,940 and (+)-CP-56,667 are enantiomers; RN refers to CP-55,940	2.57	2	0	alkylbenzene; ring assembly
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1h-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide: a TGF-beta type I receptor kinase activity inhibitor	2.21	1	0	benzamides; benzodioxoles; imidazoles; pyridines	EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	2.06	1	0	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
2-mercaptoacetate 2-mercaptoacetate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.17	1	0	monocarboxylic acid anion
ro 60-0175 Ro 60-0175: a 5HT 2C receptor agonist. 1-(6-chloro-5-fluoroindol-1-yl)-propan-2-amine : A member of the class of indoles that is 6-chloro-5-fluoroindole in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 2-aminopropyl group.	2.02	1	0	indoles; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; primary amino compound
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.	2.44	2	0	sphing-4-enine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	3.4	6	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	8.2	12	3	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	3.91	12	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	1.98	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
arachidonyltrifluoromethane arachidonyltrifluoromethane: structure given in first source; inhibits 85-kDa phospholipase A2. AACOCF3 : A fatty acid derivative that is arachidonic acid in which the OH part of the carboxy group has been replaced by a trifluoromethyl group	2.7	3	0	fatty acid derivative; ketone; olefinic compound; organofluorine compound	EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor
luteolin [no description available]	4.8	1	1	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	3.13	1	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	2.38	2	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
leukotriene c4 Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.	3.09	5	0	leukotriene	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.	3.5	8	0	epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A	mouse metabolite
8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid: A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.. all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid : An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14.	2.46	2	0	fatty acid 20:3; long-chain fatty acid	fungal metabolite; human metabolite; nutraceutical
alprostadil [no description available]	2.38	2	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 5(S)-HETE : A HETE having a (5S)-hydroxy group and (6E)-, (8Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.. 5-HETE : A HETE having a 5-hydroxy group and (6E)-, (8Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.	1.98	1	0	HETE	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	2.17	1	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
leukotriene d4 Leukotriene D4: One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene D4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and a L-cysteinylglycinyl group at position 6 (6R).	3.6	9	0	dipeptide; leukotriene; organic sulfide	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
leukotriene e4 Leukotriene E4: A biologically active principle of SRS-A that is formed from LEUKOTRIENE D4 via a peptidase reaction that removes the glycine residue. The biological actions of LTE4 are similar to LTC4 and LTD4. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene E4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and an L-cystein-S-yl group at position 6 (6R).	4.58	8	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; L-cysteine thioether; leukotriene; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; secondary alcohol
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.	2.1	1	0	prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
harmine Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.	2.72	3	0	harmala alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite
genistein [no description available]	2.8	3	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	3.14	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	2.21	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
eprosartan eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.	2.05	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; imidazoles; thiophenes	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
humulene humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.	5.08	2	1	alpha-humulene
myricitrin myricitrin: isolated from root bark of Myrica cerifera L.; structure. myricitrin : A glycosyloxyflavone that consists of myricetin attached to a alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Myrica cerifera, it exhibits anti-allergic activity.	2.06	1	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; pentahydroxyflavone	anti-allergic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; plant metabolite
pterostilbene [no description available]	2.15	1	0	diether; methoxybenzenes; stilbenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; neurotransmitter; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
ellagic acid [no description available]	2.49	2	0	catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.	2.21	1	0	ubiquinones	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite
anandamide anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.	2.45	2	0	endocannabinoid; N-acylethanolamine 20:4	human blood serum metabolite; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
ozagrel ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer	2.39	2	0	cinnamic acids
pitavastatin pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.	2.04	1	0	cyclopropanes; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolines; statin (synthetic)	antioxidant
17-phenyltrinorprostaglandin e2 17-phenyltrinorprostaglandin E2: an EP1 receptor agonist. 17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinor-prostaglandin E2 : A prostanoid that is 18,19,20-trinor-prostaglandin E2 in which one of the terminal methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a phenyl group.	2.03	1	0	alicyclic ketone; beta-hydroxy ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; olefinic compound; oxo monocarboxylic acid; prostanoid; secondary alcohol	human metabolite; prostaglandin receptor agonist
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	2.67	3	0	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid: stimulator of renal sodium, potassium atpase; RN given is for the (all-Z) isomer. 20-HETE : A HETE that consists of arachidonic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 20.	2.42	2	0	HETE; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
granisetron Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.. granisetron : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.	13.67	117	32	aromatic amide; indazoles
levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.	2.05	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	3.63	9	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	17.09	105	7	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
trospium chloride trospium chloride : An organic chloride salt of trospium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	2.31	1	0
17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin 17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin: structure in first source. alvespimycin : A 19-membered macrocyle that is geldanamycin in which the methoxy group attached to the benzoquinone moiety has been replaced by a 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethylamino group.	3.18	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	Hsp90 inhibitor
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	5.72	26	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
bay u9773 BAY u9773: a leukotriene C4 antagonist. BAYu9773 : A dicarboxylic acid that is that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4S and a (4-carboxyphenyl)sulfanediyl group at 5R. It is a dual cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist that acts at the CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors (IC50 = 0.44 and 0.30 muM, respectively).	2.91	4	0	benzoic acids; dicarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; polyunsaturated fatty acid; secondary alcohol	leukotriene antagonist
endomorphin 1 endomorphin 1: isolated from bovine brain	2.08	1	0	oligopeptide
fluticasone Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.	5.58	4	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; thioester	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug
iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.	1.99	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol	platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
lacidipine [no description available]	2.21	1	0	cinnamate ester; tert-butyl ester
ono-ae1-329 ONO-AE1-329: a 16-(m-methoxymethyl)phenyl derivative	2.11	1	0
lysophosphatidic acid lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.. lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.	3.48	1	1	1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
mdl 100907 Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. Included under this heading are antagonists for one or more specific 5-HT2 receptor subtypes.	2.46	2	0
neurokinin a Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.	2.38	2	0
pd 123319 PD123319 : An imidazopyridine consisting of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine having 4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbenzyl, diphenylacetyl and carboxy and groups at positions 1, 5 and 6 respectively	1.99	1	0	imidazopyridine	angiotensin receptor antagonist; endothelin receptor antagonist; vasoconstrictor agent
sq 29548 SQ 29548: SQ-26538 is the ((1S-1alpha,2beta(5Z),3beta(1E,3R*),4alpha))-isomer; thromboxane A2 antagonist; thromboxane receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0
kn 93 KN 93: reduces dopamine content in PC12h cells. KN-93 : A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of p-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid with the anilino nitrogen of 2-(aminomethyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline in which the hydrogens of the primary amino group have been replaced by methyl and p-chlorocinnamyl groups. KN-93 is a selective inhibitor of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.	2.73	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; monomethoxybenzene; primary alcohol; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.7.11.17 (Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
su 6656 SU 6656: a c-Src kinase inhibitor; used to probe growth signaling; structure in first source. SU6656 : A member of the class of oxindoles that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which the hydrogeh at position 5 has been replaced by a dimethylaminosulfonyl group and in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group has been replaced by a 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-indol-2-yl group. It is a specific inhibitor of Src family kinase.	2.49	2	0
s 145 S 145: TXA2/PGH2 receptor antagonist; RN given refers to (+)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 10/88; S-1452 is the calcium hydrate form of S-145	2	1	0	monoterpenoid
licochalcone a licochalcone A: has both anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities; structure given in first source; isolated from root of Glycyrrhiza inflata; RN given refers to (E)-isomer	2.07	1	0	chalcones
casein kinase ii Casein Kinase II: A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.	3.16	5	0
erbstatin erbstatin: from actinomycetes; an inhibitor of EGF-receptor kinase & other protein-tyrosine kinases; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
semaxinib semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.	2.31	1	0	olefinic compound; oxindoles; pyrroles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
su 11248 [no description available]	21.66	309	50	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
palbociclib [no description available]	3.63	2	0	aminopyridine; aromatic ketone; cyclopentanes; piperidines; pyridopyrimidine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
fosbretabulin fosbretabulin: a microtubule destabilizing agent isolated from Combretum caffrum; structure in first source	4.8	2	1
ergosterol-5,8-peroxide ergosterol-5,8-peroxide: also inhibits sulfatase; isolated from fungus Cercospora kikuchii; structure given in first source. ergosterol peroxide : An ergostanoid that is ergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol with a peroxy group between positions 5 and 8 (the 3beta,5alpha,8alpha,22E stereoisomer). Isolated from Ganoderma lucidum and Cordyceps sinensis, it exhibits antimycobacterial, trypanocidal and antineoplastic activities.	2.05	1	0	3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; organic peroxide; phytosterols	antimycobacterial drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite; trypanocidal drug
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	2.73	3	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
sulindac sulfide sulindac sulfide: sulfated analog of indomethacin & inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis in vitro; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source. sulindac sulfide : An aryl sulfide that is a metabolite of sulindac. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which also has anticancer activity.	2.13	1	0	aryl sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid: potent & selective inhibitor of platelet lipoxygenase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.72	3	0
bay 11-7082 (E)-3-tosylacrylonitrile : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the hydrogen located beta,trans to the cyano group is replaced by a tosyl group. It is an inhibitor of cytokine-induced IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells.	2.21	1	0	nitrile; sulfone	apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)	3.11	5	0
antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.	2.31	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	2.69	3	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	1.95	1	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	4.97	2	1	alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.	4.8	1	1	metal atom; pnictogen
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.42	7	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
indium Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.	7.03	1	0	boron group element atom
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	2.76	3	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	1.98	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
butorphanol Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid	antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.05	1	0	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.	2.05	1	0	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug
ridogrel [no description available]	1.98	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	5.49	4	1	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
geldanamycin [no description available]	2.08	1	0
zimeldine Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)	1.98	1	0	styrenes
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).	2.05	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug
deoxyribose [no description available]	1.97	1	0	deoxypentose	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	2.13	1	0	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	3.88	12	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	1.99	1	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
cinanserin Cinanserin: A serotonin antagonist with limited antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and immunosuppressive activity.. cinanserin : An aryl sulfide that is (2E)-3-phenyl-N-(2-sulfanylphenyl)prop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen of the thiol group is substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. It is a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist and an inhibitor of SARS-CoV replication.	2.03	1	0	aryl sulfide; cinnamamides; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
ici 118551 ICI 118551: RN given refers to (R,R)-(+-)-isomer; structure in first source; ICI 111581 is hydrochloride of ICI 118551. ICI 118551 : An indane substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a 3-(isopropylamino)-2-hydroxybutoxy group (the 2R,3S-diastereomer).	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; indanes; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic antagonist
pregabalin Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.	2.06	1	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker
vx680 [no description available]	2.13	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
n-acetylsphingosine N-acetylsphingosine: inhibits phospholipase D. N-acetylsphingosine : A N-acylsphingosine that has an acetamido group at position 2.	2.05	1	0	N-acylsphingosine
phenyldehydroalanine [no description available]	2.08	1	0
carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.	2.25	1	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.	2.02	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
su 1498 SU 1498: structure in first source. SU1498 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-2-cyano-3-[4-hydroxy-3,5-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of 3-phenylpropylamine.	2.08	1	0	enamide; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; phenols; secondary carboxamide	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
coomassie brilliant blue [no description available]	2.17	1	0
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	3.87	12	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	2.05	1	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	2.21	1	0
1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine: RN given in first source; RN refers to ion(1-); do not confuse with DEA-NO cpd	4.73	9	0	organic anion
(3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.	2.04	1	0	(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	6.61	48	0	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
bongkrekic acid Bongkrekic Acid: An antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas cocovenenans. It is an inhibitor of MITOCHONDRIAL ADP, ATP TRANSLOCASES. Specifically, it blocks adenine nucleotide efflux from mitochondria by enhancing membrane binding.. bongkrekic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is docosa-2,4,8,10,14,18,20-heptaenedioic acid substituted at positions 2 ,5 and 17 by methyl groups, at positions 6 by a methoxy group and at position 20 by a carboxymethyl group. It is produced by the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli and implicated in outbreaks of food-borne illness involving coconut and corn-based products in Indonesia and China.	2.02	1	0	ether; olefinic compound; tricarboxylic acid	apoptosis inhibitor; ATP/ADP translocase inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; toxin
cilastatin [no description available]	2.25	1	0	carboxamide; L-cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organic sulfide	EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
cinalukast cinalukast: structure given in first source; orally active LTD4 antagonist; an anti-asthmatic agent. cinalukast : 2,2-Diethylsuccinanilic acid substituted at a meta- position by an (E)-2-(4-cyclobutyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)ethenyl group. It selectively antagonizes leukotriene D4 at the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor, in the human airway, preventing airway edema, smooth muscle contraction, and enhanced secretion of thick, viscous mucus. It is used in the treatment of asthma.	1.98	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; carboxylic acid	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist
3-(2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)-1-propenyl-1-phosphonic acid SDZ EAA 494: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist	1.99	1	0
manumycin manumycin: an NSAID; RN given for (1S-(1alpha,3(2E,4E,6S*),5alpha,5(1E,3E,5E),6alpha))-isomer; a farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor; from Streptomyces parvulus; MF C31-H38-N2-O7; structure given in first source. manumycin A : A polyketide with formula C31H38N2O7 initially isolated from Streptomyces parvulus as a result of a random screening program for farnesyl transferase (FTase) inhibitors. It is a natural product that exhibits anticancer and antibiotic properties.	2.02	1	0	enamide; epoxide; organic heterobicyclic compound; polyketide; secondary carboxamide; tertiary alcohol	antiatherosclerotic agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor; marine metabolite
n-(1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl)-n,n,n-trimethylammonium chloride N-(1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium: cationic lipid; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
ici 192605 ICI 192605: structure given in first source; thromboxane receptor antagonist	2.39	2	0
nuezhenide nuezhenide: from Ligustrum lucidum; structure given in first source; RN refers to trans-isomer	2.13	1	0	saccharolipid
everolimus [no description available]	16.51	87	13	cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
bay x 7195 BAY x 7195: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
ixabepilone [no description available]	3.51	1	1	1,3-thiazoles; beta-hydroxy ketone; epoxide; lactam; macrocycle	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
asialo gm1 ganglioside [no description available]	2.01	1	0
axitinib [no description available]	22.93	439	89	aryl sulfide; benzamides; indazoles; pyridines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
oxepins Oxepins: Compounds based on a 7-membered heterocyclic ring including an oxygen. They can be considered a medium ring ether. A natural source is the MONTANOA plant genus. Some dibenzo-dioxepins, called depsidones, are found in GARCINIA plants.	2.02	1	0
tanespimycin CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A	5.06	7	0	1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; Hsp90 inhibitor
verlukast verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist	3.24	6	0
isbogrel isbogrel: specific thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor	1.98	1	0
4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate [no description available]	2.04	1	0
s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.	4.28	18	0	nitroso compound; nitrosothio compound	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
am 404 [no description available]	2.31	1	0	anilide
ro 25-6981 Ro 25-6981: blocks NMDA receptors containg NR2B subunit; structure in first source. Ro 25-6981 : A member of the class of piperidines that is 4-benzylpiperidine substituted by a 3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropyl group at position 1 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a potent antagonist of the GluN2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor.	2.47	2	0	benzenes; phenols; piperidines; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
nifurtimox Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.	3.51	2	0	nitrofuran antibiotic
ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.	6.97	1	0	diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound
adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate: RP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A inhibitor; SP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A agonist. (Sp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).. (Rp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Rp-stereoisomer).	2.01	1	0	nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate
iralukast iralukast: has potent peptido-leukotriene antagonist activity	1.97	1	0
8-bromo-beta-phenyl-1,n(2)-ethenoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate 8-bromo-beta-phenyl-1,N(2)-ethenoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate: RN refers to (S)-isomer; protein kinase G inhibitor; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
zatosetron zatosetron: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.38	2	0
beta-elemene beta-elemene: increases tumor cell immunogenicity by inducing, at least in part, elevated expression of heat shock protein 70 on tumor cell surface. beta-elemene : A sesquiterpene that consists of cyclohexane bearing methyl and vinyl substituents at position 1 as well as two isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 4.. (-)-beta-elemene : The (-)-enantiomer of beta-elemene that has (1S,2S,4R)-configuration.	2.07	1	0	beta-elemene	antineoplastic agent
pki 166 [no description available]	2.1	1	0
pd 184352 2-(2-chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4-difluorobenzamide: inhibits MAP kinase kinase; structure in first source	2.57	2	0	aminobenzoic acid
vildagliptin [no description available]	3.15	1	0	amino acid amide
indacaterol indacaterol: a beta2 adrenoceptor agonist; indacaterol is the (R)-isomer; structure in first source. indacaterol : A monohydroxyquinoline that consists of 5-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-8-hydroxyquinolin-2-one having a 5,6-diethylindan-2-yl group attached to the amino function. Used as the maleate salt for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	2.08	1	0	indanes; monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent
belinostat [no description available]	2.21	1	0	hydroxamic acid; olefinic compound; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
pep005 3-ingenyl angelate: protein kinase C agonist and antineoplastic; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
bromopyruvate [no description available]	4.13	4	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	5.28	9	0	ammonium ion derivative
chloralose Chloralose: A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.	2.42	2	0
phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.	2.94	4	0	phosphagen; phosphoamino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
taxane taxane: produced by Taxomyces andreanae	2.13	1	0	diterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent
9h-purine-9-propanamine, 6-amino-8-((6-iodo-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)thio)-n-(1-methylethyl)- 9H-purine-9-propanamine, 6-amino-8-((6-iodo-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)thio)-N-(1-methylethyl)-: an epichaperome (purine-scaffold) inhibitor; structure in first source	3.41	1	0
krn 633 N-(2-chloro-4-((6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinazolinyl)oxy)phenyl)-N'-propylurea: a VEGF receptor-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
s 1743 Esomeprazole: The S-isomer of omeprazole.. esomeprazole : A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. An inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, it is used (generally as its sodium or magnesium salt) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.	4.39	1	1	magnesium salt	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
s-nitrosocysteine S-nitrosocysteine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is a nitric oxide donor.. S-nitroso-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine derivative in which the sulfur atom carries a nitroso substituent. A cell-permeable low-molecular-weight nitrosothiol and nitric oxide donor.	2.44	2	0	L-cysteine derivative; nitrosothio compound	hematologic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
iniparib [no description available]	3.73	2	0	carbonyl compound; organohalogen compound
bay 58-2667 BAY 58-2667: activates guanylyl cyclase; structure in first source. cinaciguat : A benzoic acid that is 4-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid in which the amino group is substituted by 4-carboxybutyl and 2-(2-{[4-(2-phenylethyl)benzyl]oxy}phenyl)ethyl groups. It is a soluble guanylate cyclase activator, used for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure.	4.1	4	0	aromatic ether; benzoic acids; dicarboxylic acid; tertiary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; soluble guanylate cyclase activator; vasodilator agent
1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)indazole-3-carbohydrazide [no description available]	8.82	67	0
abiraterone acetate Abiraterone Acetate: An androstene derivative that inhibits STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE and is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant PROSTATE CANCER.. abiraterone acetate : A sterol ester obtained by formal condensation of the 3-hydroxy group of abiraterone with the carboxy group of acetic acid. A prodrug that is converted in vivo into abiraterone. Used for treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer.	3.01	2	0	pyridines; sterol ester	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.99.9 (steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase) inhibitor; prodrug
bms 191095 BMS 191095: a mitochondrial K(ATP) opener; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
lenvatinib lenvatinib : A member of the class of quinolines that is the carboxamide of 4-{3-chloro-4-[(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)amino]phenoxy}-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxylic acid. A multi-kinase inhibitor and orphan drug used (as its mesylate salt) for the treatment of various types of thyroid cancer that do not respond to radioiodine.	7.16	13	0	aromatic amide; aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; quinolines	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist; orphan drug; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
arl 17477 ARL 17477: a potent & selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor	3.28	6	0
pd 0325901 mirdametinib: has antineoplastic activity; appears to be a MEK inhibitor. PD 0325901 : A hydroxamic acid ester that is benzhydroxamic acid (N-hydroxybenzamide) in which the hydroxamic acid group has been converted to the corresponding 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester and in which the benzene ring has been substituted at position 2 by a (2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino group and at positions 3 and 4 by fluorines (the R enantiomer).	3.39	6	0	difluorobenzene; hydroxamic acid ester; monofluorobenzenes; organoiodine compound; propane-1,2-diols; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.12.2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) inhibitor
td-198946 TD-198946: a potent chondrogenic agent; structure in first source	2.49	2	0
midostaurin midostaurin : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is the N-benzoyl derivative of staurosporine.	4.6	4	0	benzamides; gamma-lactam; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	2.39	2	0	oligopeptide
etomoxir [no description available]	2.1	1	0	aromatic ether
cfm 1571 CFM 1571: structure in first source	2	1	0	aromatic amide
upamostat [no description available]	3.47	1	1
akr 501 avatrombopag: enhances megakaryocytopoiesis; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
pentagastrin Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.	2.08	1	0	organic molecular entity
rwj-56110 RWJ-56110: a PAR-1 antagonist; structure in first source	3.65	9	0
fluticasone furoate fluticasone furoate: a glucocorticoid; structure in first source. fluticasone furoate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a 2-furoyl substituent at position 17. Used in combination with vilanterol trifenate for treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	2.21	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-furoate ester; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; steroid ester; thioester	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; prodrug
dx 52-1 DX 52-1: a quinocarmycin analog; structure given in first source	3.12	1	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	3.82	11	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
t-226296 T-226296: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
tafluprost tafluprost: structure in first source. tafluprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F2alpha in which the carboxylic acid function has been converted to the corresponding isopropyl ester and the 3-hydroxy-1-octenyl side-chain is substituted by 3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxybut-1-enyl. Used for treatment of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.	2.08	1	0	isopropyl ester; organofluorine compound; prostaglandins Falpha	prostaglandin receptor agonist
ticagrelor Ticagrelor: An adenosine triphosphate analogue and reversible P2Y12 PURINORECEPTOR antagonist that inhibits ADP-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used for the prevention of THROMBOEMBOLISM by patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME or a history of MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.. ticagrelor : A triazolopyrimidine that is an adenosine isostere; the cyclopentane ring is similar to ribose and the nitrogen-rich [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine moiety resembles the nucleobase adenine. A platelet aggregation inhibitor which is used for prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.	3.21	1	0	aryl sulfide; hydroxyether; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound; triazolopyrimidines	P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
wp 744 WP 744: structure in first source; crosses BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and inhibits TOPOISOMERASE II	2.03	1	0
bms453 BMS 189453: structure in first source. BMS-453 : A member of the class of dihydronaphthalenes that is 1,2-dihydronaphthalene which is substituted at positions 1, 1, 4, and 6 by methyl, methyl, phenyl, and 2-(p-carboxyphenyl)vinyl groups, respectively (the E isomer). It is a potent retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARbeta) agonist that acts as an antagonist against RARalpha and RARgamma.	3.18	1	0	benzoic acids; dihydronaphthalenes; stilbenoid	retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist; retinoic acid receptor beta agonist; retinoic acid receptor gamma antagonist; teratogenic agent
pexacerfont [no description available]	2.08	1	0	pyrazolopyridine
pi103 PI103: pyridofuropyrimidine antineoplastic; a potent inhibitor of class I phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K); structure in first soruce	4.07	4	0	aromatic amine; morpholines; organic heterotricyclic compound; phenols; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; mTOR inhibitor
tgx 221 TGX 221: a platelet aggregation inhibitor	2.52	2	0	pyridopyrimidine
ic 87114 IC 87114: structure in first source	2.49	2	0	6-aminopurines; biaryl; quinazolines	EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
sb 705498 SB 705498: structure in first source	3.56	2	0
tivozanib N-(2-chloro-4-((6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinolyl)oxy)phenyl)-N'-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)urea: KNR-951 is the HCl, monohydrate salt; an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source	8.8	10	0	aromatic ether
hki 272 [no description available]	2.84	3	0	nitrile; quinolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
rucaparib AG14447: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor; structure in first source	8.29	29	0	azepinoindole; caprolactams; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
cediranib [no description available]	7.32	14	0	aromatic ether
ono 8713 ONO 8713: EP1 receptors antagonist; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
cc 1065 CC 1065: from Streptomyces zelensis; structure in second sourc	2.39	2	0
rs 504393 RS 504393: structure in first source	2.17	1	0	1,3-oxazoles
bay 41-8543 BAY 41-8543: structure in first source	2.06	1	0	pyrazolopyridine
aq4n AQ4N: structure given in first source	2.08	1	0
ubiquinol ubiquinol: reduced forms of ubiquinone; see also record for ubiquinol 10. ubiquinol-10 : A ubiquinol in which the polyprenyl substituent is decaprenyl.	2.41	1	0	polyprenylhydroquinone; ubiquinol	biomarker; metabolite
g(m1) ganglioside G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.	3.54	2	0	alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine; sialotetraosylceramide
vortioxetine Vortioxetine: A piperazine derivative that acts as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, as a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and 5-HT1A receptor agonist. It is used for the treatment of anxiety and depression.. vortioxetine : An N-arylpiperazine in which the aryl group is specified as 2-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)sulfanyl]phenyl. Used (as its hydrobromide salt) for treatment of major depressive disorder.	2.1	1	0	aryl sulfide; N-arylpiperazine	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonergic agonist; serotonergic antagonist
sb 525334 6-(2-tert-butyl-5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)quinoxaline: a TGF-betaR kinase inhibitor	2.25	1	0	quinoxaline derivative
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	4.8	1	1
rs 102895 [no description available]	2.13	1	0	benzoxazine
osu 03012 OSU 03012: a PDK-1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.52	2	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; aromatic amide; glycine derivative; organofluorine compound; phenanthrenes; pyrazoles	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
masitinib [no description available]	2.17	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzamides; N-alkylpiperazine; pyridines	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
vorapaxar vorapaxar: has antiplatelet activity; structure in first source. vorapaxar : A carbamate ester that is the ethyl ester of [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-{(E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethynyl}-1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]carbamic acid. A protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist used (as its sulfate salt) for the reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) or with peripheral arterial disease. It has been shown to reduce the rate of a combined endpoint of cardiovascular death, MI, stroke and urgent coronary revascularisation.	2.17	1	0	carbamate ester; lactone; naphthofuran; organofluorine compound; pyridines	cardiovascular drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist
lb42708 LB42708: farnesyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
pazopanib pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.	26.65	1,087	278	aminopyrimidine; indazoles; sulfonamide	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
azd 6244 AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor	3.82	10	0	benzimidazoles; bromobenzenes; hydroxamic acid ester; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
5-chloro-2-methyl-3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)-1h-indole 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)-1H-indole: a 5-HT6 agonist; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	indoles
am 1241 AM 1241: a CB(2) receptor-selective agonist; no further information available 11/2001	2.11	1	0
heptakis(2,6-o-dimethyl)beta-cyclodextrin heptakis(2,6-O-dimethyl)beta-cyclodextrin: stimulant for Bordetella pertussis Phase I	2.05	1	0
a 443654 A 443654: an Akt kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	4.64	25	0	indoles
dimethylarginine dimethylarginine: structure in first source. dimethylarginine : An arginine derivative that is arginine substituted by two methyl groups. A "closed" class.	2.03	1	0
bibw 2992 [no description available]	2.17	1	0	aromatic ether; enamide; furans; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; quinazolines; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
aee 788 AEE 788: structure in first source	2.1	1	0	6-{4-[(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}-N-(1-phenylethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist; trypanocidal drug
saracatinib [no description available]	3.65	2	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; diether; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; oxanes; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; radiosensitizing agent
alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.	3.17	4	0
crenolanib [no description available]	2.54	2	0	aminopiperidine; aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; oxetanes; quinolines; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
n-((3s)-1-azabicyclo(2.2.2)oct-3-yl)-1h-indazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride N-((3S)-1-azabicyclo(2.2.2)oct-3-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride: structure in first source	4.74	6	1
jwh 018 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole: structure in first source	5.38	9	0	indolecarboxamide
manassantin b manassantin B: isolated from the roots of Saururus chinensis; structure in first source. manassantin B : A lignan isolated from Saururus cernuus and Saururus chinensis and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic activity.	3.16	1	0	benzodioxoles; dimethoxybenzene; lignan; oxolanes; secondary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
e 5555 E 5555: a 2-iminopyridine derivative and platelet aggregation inhibitor	2.17	1	0	aromatic ketone
jwh-073 [no description available]	2.53	2	0	indolecarboxamide
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	6.41	63	0
vinflunine vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group.	5.91	2	1	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent
4,5-diaminofluorescein 4,5-diaminofluorescein: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
ucn 1028 c calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides	2	1	0
ribose ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.	1.98	1	0	D-ribose; ribopyranose
lactulose Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.	2.11	1	0
regorafenib [no description available]	11.29	20	2	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	antineoplastic agent; hepatotoxic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
4-(2-phenyl-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidin-3-yl)phenol 4-(2-phenyl-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidin-3-yl)phenol: a selective estrogen receptor modulator	2.17	1	0	pyrazoles; ring assembly
gamendazole gamendazole: Spermatogenesis Blocking Agents; structure in first source. gamendazole : A member of the class of indazoles that is 3-(indazol-3-yl}prop-2-enoic acid carrying additional 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 1 and 6 respectively. An orally active antispermatogenic compound with antifertility effects that is a potential male contraceptive drug.	10.34	9	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; dichlorobenzene; indazoles; olefinic compound; organofluorine compound	antispermatogenic agent; eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1alpha 1 inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; synthetic oral contraceptive
abt-737 [no description available]	2.79	3	0	aromatic amine; aryl sulfide; biphenyls; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
px 478 2-amino-3-(4'-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenylpropionic acid N-oxide: inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha	4.35	3	0
abt 102 ABT 102: a TRPV1 antagonist; structure in first source	9.04	16	3
bay 63-2521 riociguat: guanylate cyclase stimulator; structure in first source. riociguat : A carbamate ester that is the methyl ester of {4,6-diamino-2-[1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl]pyrimidin-5-yl}methylcarbamic acid. It is used for treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension	2.31	1	0	aminopyrimidine; carbamate ester; organofluorine compound; pyrazolopyridine	antihypertensive agent; soluble guanylate cyclase activator
telcagepant telcagepant: structure in first source	3.15	1	0
at 7519 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide : A member of the class of pryrazoles that is 4-amino-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid in which the primary amino group has been acylated by a 2,6-dichlorobenzoyl group and in which the carboxylic acid has been converted into a carboxamide by formal condensation with the primary amino group of 4-aminopiperidine.	3.57	2	0	dichlorobenzene; piperidines; pyrazoles; secondary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
er-086526 eribulin: a halichondrin B derivative that suppresses microtubule growth and acts as an antimitotic agent; structure in first source. eribulin : A fully synthetic macrocyclic ketone analogue of marine sponge natural products. Inhibits growth phase of microtubules via tubulin-based antimitotic mechanism, which leads to G2/M cell-cycle block, disruption of mitotic spindles, and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death after prolonged mitotic blockage	5.5	7	0	cyclic ketal; cyclic ketone; macrocycle; polycyclic ether; polyether; primary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
potassium cyanate potassium cyanate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-CHNO	1.96	1	0	cyanate salt; one-carbon compound	herbicide
inno-406 [no description available]	2.13	1	0	biaryl
bxl628 BXL628: a calcitriol analog for Inhibition of prostate cell growth; in phase II clinical trial in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (4/2004)	3.13	1	0
vx 765 belnacasan: a NSAID	2.17	1	0	dipeptide
a 784168 1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-N-(4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-4-carboxamide: a TRPV1 antagonist	2.03	1	0
kw 2449 KW 2449: has both multikinase inhibitory activity and antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	6.42	11	0
danusertib [no description available]	4.51	3	0	piperazines
abt 869 [no description available]	13.73	54	15	aromatic amine; indazoles; phenylureas	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
arq 197 [no description available]	5.1	2	1	indoles
pf 00299804 dacomitinib: a pan-ERBB inhibitor. dacomitinib : A member of the class of quinazolines that is 7-methoxyquinazoline-4,6-diamine in which the amino group at position 4 is substituted by a 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl group and the amino group at position 6 is substituted by an (E)-4-(piperidin-1-yl)but-2-enoyl group.	2.17	1	0	enamide; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
snap7941 SNAP7941: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
ridaforolimus [no description available]	4.72	3	0	macrolide lactam
hu 308 HU 308: a specific agonist for CB(2), a peripheral cannabinoid receptor; structure in first source. HU-308 : A carbobicyclic compound that is bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene which is substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 2, a 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)phenyl group at position 4, and two methyl groups at position 6 (the 1S,4S,5S stereoisomer). A highly selective and effective cannabinoid type-2 agonist and the enantiomer of HU-433.	2.25	1	0	aromatic ether; bridged compound; carbobicyclic compound; primary allylic alcohol; synthetic cannabinoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bone density conservation agent; CB2 receptor agonist
carfilzomib [no description available]	4.8	1	1	epoxide; morpholines; tetrapeptide	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
sitagliptin phosphate Sitagliptin Phosphate: A pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.	3.21	1	0
veratridine Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal.	2.02	1	0
idelalisib idelalisib: an antineoplastic agent and p110delta inhibitor; structure in first source. idelalisib : A member of the class of quinazolines that is 5-fluoro-3-phenylquinazolin-4-one in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a (1S)-1-(3H-purin-6-ylamino)propyl group. used for for the treatment of refractory indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	7.24	7	3	aromatic amine; organofluorine compound; purines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
crizotinib Crizotinib: A piperidine and aminopyridine derivative that acts as an inhibitor of RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES, including ANAPLASTIC LYMPHOMA KINASE (ALK) and HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (HGFR; c-Met). It is used in the treatment of NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. crizotinib : A 3-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-amine that has R configuration at the chiral centre. The active enantiomer, it acts as a kinase inhibitor and is used for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	6.78	16	0	3-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-amine	antineoplastic agent; biomarker; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
4-[2-(2-chloro-4-fluoroanilino)-5-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl]-N-[(1S)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide Vx-11e: ERK1-2 inhibitor	2.41	1	0	aromatic amide; heteroarene
zstk474 ZSTK-474 : A triamino-1,3,5-triazine that is 1,3,5-triazine in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by morpholin-4-yl groups while the third hydrogen has been replaced by a 2-(difluoromethyl)benzimidazol-1-yl group. It is an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.	2.78	3	0	benzimidazoles; morpholines; organofluorine compound; triamino-1,3,5-triazine	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
fostamatinib fostamatinib: a spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor, metabolized to R406	2.21	1	0
trametinib [no description available]	8.12	19	2	acetamides; aromatic amine; cyclopropanes; organofluorine compound; organoiodine compound; pyridopyrimidine; ring assembly	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
abexinostat abexinostat: structure in first source	3.94	2	1	benzofurans
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.	3.14	5	0
empagliflozin [no description available]	4.8	1	1	aromatic ether; C-glycosyl compound; monochlorobenzenes; tetrahydrofuryl ether	hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
brl 15572 BRL 15572: specific for h5-HT(1D) receptors; structure in first source. 3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-ol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of 3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-ol. A selective h5-HT1D antagonist, displaying 60-fold selectivity over h5-HT1B, and exhibiting little or no affinity for a range of other receptor types.	2.08	1	0	hydrochloride	prodrug; serotonergic antagonist
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	4.31	7	0	benzoxazole
veliparib [no description available]	6.42	12	0	benzimidazoles	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.4	2	0
dactolisib dactolisib: antineoplastic agent that inhibits both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR. dactolisib : An imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 4-(1-cyanoisopropyl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a quinolin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment.	3.49	7	0	imidazoquinoline; nitrile; quinolines; ring assembly; ureas	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; mTOR inhibitor
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).	2.44	2	0
n4-(2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-4h-pyrid(1,4)oxazin-6-yl)-5-fluoro-n2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine N4-(2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-4H-pyrid(1,4)oxazin-6-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine: a spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor; structure in first source	2.83	3	0
nigeglanine nigeglanine: antineoplastic from the seeds of Nigella glandulifera (Ranunculaceae); structure in first source	3.16	5	0
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	2.41	2	0
bendazac lysine [no description available]	8.84	39	5
physalaemin Physalaemin: An oligopeptide isolated from the skin of Physalaemus fuscumaculatus, a South American frog. It is a typical kinin, resembling SUBSTANCE P in structure and action and has been proposed as a sialagogue, antihypertensive, and vasodilator.	2.02	1	0
icatibant icatibant: a potent bradykinin (B2) receptor antagonist; WIN 65365 is an L-Tic(7) stereoisomer. icatibant : A ten-membered synthetic oligopeptide consisting of D-Arg, Arg, Pro, Hyp, Gly, Thi, Ser, D-Tic, Oic, and Arg residues joined in sequrence. A bradykinin receptor antagonist used as its acetate salt for the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema in adult patients.	2.44	2	0
a-484954 A-484954: eEF2K inhibitor; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	3.41	7	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
enmd 2076 ENMD 2076: an antiangiogenic agent with aurora kinase inhibitory and antineoplastic activities	2.17	1	0
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	3.76	10	0
sam-531 SAM-531: a 5-HT6 receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.49	2	0
cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.	1.99	1	0
ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.	2.02	1	0	oligopeptide	diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug
motilin Motilin: A peptide of about 22-amino acids isolated from the DUODENUM. At low pH it inhibits gastric motor activity, whereas at high pH it has a stimulating effect.	2.89	4	0
dynorphins Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.	2.4	2	0
atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.	2.74	3	0	polypeptide
hirugen hirugen: amino acid sequence given in first source	2.06	1	0
gr 82334 GR 82334: tachykinin NK-1 receptor antagonist	2.02	1	0
gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.	2.05	1	0
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	2.4	2	0	peptide hormone
s6c sarafotoxin sarafotoxins s6: several isotoxins from Atractaspis engaddensis; has strong cardiotoxic activity; all contain 21 amino acid residues; see also endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor factor	2	1	0
iberiotoxin [no description available]	2.71	3	0
angiotensinogen Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM.	2.41	2	0
oligonucleotides [no description available]	7.14	13	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	4.8	1	1	glycoside
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	3.63	9	0
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.39	2	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
atractyloside Atractyloside: A glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera (ATRACTYLIS); COFFEE; XANTHIUM, and CALLILEPIS. Toxicity is due to inhibition of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCASE.	2.01	1	0
vx-770 ivacaftor: a CFTR potentiator; structure in first source. ivacaftor : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-amino-2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. Used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.	2.08	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; phenols; quinolone	CFTR potentiator; orphan drug
gdc-0973 cobimetinib: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source. cobimetinib : A member of the class of N-acylazetidines obtained by selective formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,4-difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodoanilino)benzoic acid with the secondary amino group from the azetidine ring of 3-[(2S)-piperidin-2-yl]azetidin-3-ol. An inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase that is used (as its fumarate salt) in combination with vemurafenib for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma.	6.94	10	1	aromatic amine; difluorobenzene; N-acylazetidine; organoiodine compound; piperidines; secondary amino compound; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
buparlisib NVP-BKM120: a pan class I PI3 kinase inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.79	3	0	aminopyridine; aminopyrimidine; morpholines; organofluorine compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
thimerosal Thimerosal: An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.. thimerosal : An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.	1.97	1	0	alkylmercury compound	antifungal drug; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; drug allergen
way 252623 2-(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-indazole: a partial LXR agonist	5.19	13	0
ku 0063794 Ku 0063794: an mTOR inhibitor; structure in first source	2.48	2	0	benzyl alcohols; monomethoxybenzene; morpholines; pyridopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; mTOR inhibitor
adenosine kinase Adenosine Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ADP plus AMP from adenosine plus ATP. It can serve as a salvage mechanism for returning adenosine to nucleic acids. EC 2.7.1.20.	2.21	1	0
hoe 33342 bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride: benzimidazole fluorescent dye	2.05	1	0
sodium salicylate [no description available]	1.94	1	0	organic molecular entity
sphingosine kinase [no description available]	2.13	1	0
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	2.8	3	0
s-nitrosopenicillamine S-nitrosopenicillamine: activates bovine coronary arterial & rat hepatic soluble guanylate cyclase	2	1	0
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	4.39	4	1
lucifer yellow lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt	2.15	1	0	organic lithium salt	fluorochrome
pyrazolopyridine pyrazolopyridine: act as competitive antagonists of brain adenosine A1 receptors	2.44	2	0
chitosan [no description available]	2.25	1	0
pha 408 PHA 408: an IKK-2 antagonist; structure in first source	4.27	5	0
9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-adenine [no description available]	2.43	2	0
s-nitro-n-acetylpenicillamine S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine: a NO donor	3.95	13	0
mesna Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.	2.15	1	0	organosulfonic acid
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	3.13	5	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
sodium nitrite Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.	2.03	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; nitrite salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antihypertensive agent; antimicrobial food preservative; food antioxidant; poison
chiniofon Hydroxyquinolines: The 8-hydroxy derivatives inhibit various enzymes and their halogenated derivatives, though neurotoxic, are used as topical anti-infective agents, among other uses.	2.42	2	0
echinomycin Echinomycin: A cytotoxic polypeptide quinoxaline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces echinatus that binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis.	3.14	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide
olaparib [no description available]	8.97	46	0	cyclopropanes; monofluorobenzenes; N-acylpiperazine; phthalazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
plx 4720 PLX 4720: a B-Raf(V600E) kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.1	1	0	aromatic ketone; difluorobenzene; organochlorine compound; pyrrolopyridine; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; B-Raf inhibitor
mk 5108 [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether
cx 4945 [no description available]	2.17	1	0
azd1386 AZD1386: TRPV1 antagonist; structure in first source	3.17	1	0
s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.	2.11	1	0	organic cation; sulfonium compound	coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arry-614 pexmetinib: inhibits both p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and Tie2 protein	4.2	3	1
mln 8237 MLN 8237: an aurora kinase A inhibitor	6.06	2	1	benzazepine
snx 2112 SNX 2112: an orally available small molecule Hsp90 inhibitor; structure in first source	3.48	1	1
gdc 0449 HhAntag691: inhibits the hedgehog pathway and ABC transporters; has antineoplastic activity	3.91	3	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfone	antineoplastic agent; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; SMO receptor antagonist; teratogenic agent
cep-9722 CEP-9722: a prodrug of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor CEP-8983	3.27	1	0
bms 754807 BMS 754807: an IGR-1R kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	pyrazoles; pyridines; pyrrolidines; pyrrolotriazine	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
gdc-0068 ipatasertib: an Akt kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.54	2	0	N-arylpiperazine
picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.	2.92	4	0
pci 32765 ibrutinib: a Btk protein inhibitor. ibrutinib : A member of the class of acrylamides that is (3R)-3-[4-amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]piperidine in which the piperidine nitrogen is replaced by an acryloyl group. A selective and covalent inhibitor of the enzyme Bruton's tyrosine kinase, it is used for treatment of B-cell malignancies.	2.66	2	0	acrylamides; aromatic amine; aromatic ether; N-acylpiperidine; pyrazolopyrimidine; tertiary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
ponatinib [no description available]	4.5	6	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; acetylenic compound; benzamides; imidazopyridazine; N-methylpiperazine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
mk-1775 adavosertib: a Wee1 kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.31	1	0	piperazines
sch772984 [no description available]	5.1	36	0	biaryl; indazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-alkylpyrrolidine; N-arylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	analgesic; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
apalutamide [no description available]	6.05	2	2
bag956 BAG956: an imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline; dual PI3K/PDK-1 inhibitor, used in antileukemic therapies	2.07	1	0
quizartinib [no description available]	2.48	2	0	benzoimidazothiazole; isoxazoles; morpholines; phenylureas	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; necroptosis inhibitor
niraparib niraparib: structure in first source. niraparib : A 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide that has S-configuration. It is a potent inhibitor of PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively) and approved as a first-line maintenance treatment for women with advanced ovarian cancer after responding to platinum-based chemotherapy.	20.22	188	53	2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; radiosensitizing agent
mk 2206 MK 2206: a protein kinase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent	3.61	8	0	organic heterotricyclic compound	EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
navitoclax [no description available]	2.8	3	0	aryl sulfide; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; piperazines; secondary amino compound; sulfone; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
gsk 650394 [no description available]	2.06	1	0	phenylpyridine
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	3.12	5	0
dcc-2036 rebastinib: an inhibitor of Tie2 tyrosine kinase receptor and antineoplastic agent	2.31	1	0	organofluorine compound; phenylureas; pyrazoles; pyridinecarboxamide; quinolines	tyrosine kinase inhibitor
cetrorelix cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.	3.13	1	0	oligopeptide	antineoplastic agent; GnRH antagonist
ah 111585 AH 111585: an RGD-based integrin peptide-polymer conjugate for imaging breast cancer	3.64	1	1
cabozantinib cabozantinib: a multikinase inhibitor. cabozantinib : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that is N-phenyl-N'-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the phenyl ring is substituted by a (6,7-dimethoxyquinolin-4-yl)oxy group. A multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used (as its malate salt) for the treatment of progressive, metastatic, medullary thyroid cancer.	9.85	34	1	aromatic ether; dicarboxylic acid diamide; organofluorine compound; quinolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
incb-018424 [no description available]	2.17	1	0	nitrile; pyrazoles; pyrrolopyrimidine	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
entrectinib entrectinib: inhibits TRK, ROS1, and ALK receptor tyrosine kinases; structure in first source. entrectinib : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole substituted by [4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylamino)benzoyl]amino and 3,5-difluorobenzyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of TRKA, TRKB, TRKC, ROS1, and ALK (IC50 values of 0.1 to 1.7 nM), and used for the treatment of NTRK, ROS1 and ALK gene fusion-positive solid tumours.	16.08	110	6	benzamides; difluorobenzene; indazoles; N-methylpiperazine; oxanes; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
pexidartinib pexidartinib: inhibits both CSF1R and c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase; structure in first source. pexidartinib : A pyrrolopyridine that is 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine which is substituted by a [6-({[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}amino)pyridin-3-yl]methyl group at position 3. It is a potent multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of CSF-1R, KIT, and FLT3 (IC50 of 20 nM, 10 nM and 160 nM, respectively). Approved by the FDA for the treatment of adult patients with symptomatic tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT).	2.11	1	0	aminopyridine; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; pyrrolopyridine; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
gsk 2126458 omipalisib: inhibitor of mTOR protein. omipalisib : A member of the class of quinolines that is quinoline which is substituted by pyridazin-4-yl and 5-[(2,4-difluorobenzene-1-sulfonyl)amino]-6-methoxypyridin-3-yl groups at positions 4 and 6, respectively. It is a highly potent inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR developed by GlaxoSmithKline and was previously in human phase 1 clinical trials for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and solid tumors.	2.15	1	0	aromatic ether; difluorobenzene; pyridazines; pyridines; quinolines; sulfonamide	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; mTOR inhibitor; radiosensitizing agent
ixazomib ixazomib: a proteasome inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; MLN2238 is the biologically active form of MLN9708; structure in first source. ixazomib : A glycine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)glycine with the amino group of [(1R)-1-amino-3-methylbutyl]boronic acid. The active metabolite of ixazomib citrate, it is used in combination therapy for treatment of multiple myeloma.	3.64	1	1	benzamides; boronic acids; dichlorobenzene; glycine derivative	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite; orphan drug; proteasome inhibitor
jnj-40346527 JNJ-40346527: inhibits colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor kinase	3.27	1	0
phosphinothricin phosphinothricin: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure. phosphinothricin(1-) : Conjugate base of phosphinothricin arising from deprotonation of the phosphinate function.	2.46	2	0	organic anion
(5-(2,4-bis((3s)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl)methanol (5-(2,4-bis((3S)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl)methanol: a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin kinase inhibitor with in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity; structure in first source	2.81	3	0	benzyl alcohols; morpholines; pyridopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; mTOR inhibitor
11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid 11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (11S,12R)-EET : An 11,12-EET in which the epoxy moiety has 11S,12R-configuration.. 11,12-EET : An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 11,12-double bond of arachidonic acid.	2.06	1	0	11,12-EET	human xenobiotic metabolite
plx4032 [no description available]	8.78	13	1	aromatic ketone; difluorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrrolopyridine; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; B-Raf inhibitor
gsk 1363089 GSK 1363089: a multikinase inhibitor that acts on Met, RON, Axl, and VEGFR; structure in first source	2.17	1	0	aromatic ether
pf 04929113 [no description available]	7.91	12	3
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	20.88	264	51
tas-115 4-(2-fluoro-4-((((2-phenylacetyl)amino)thioxomethyl)amino)phenoxy)-7-methoxy-N-methyl-6-quinolinecarboxamide: inhibits both VEGFR and MET kinase; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
bryostatin 1 bryostatin 1: a protein kinase C activator; macrocyclic lactone from marine Bryozoan Bugula neritina; RN given refers to (1S-(1R,3R,5Z,7S,8E,11R,12R(2E,4E),13E,15R,17S(S),21S,23S,25R))-isomer; structure given in first source; activates protein kinase c. bryostatin 1 : A member of the class of bryostatins that is (17E)-2-oxooxacyclohexacos-17-ene which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 10, and 20; an acetoxy group at position 8; methyl groups at positions 9, 9, 18, and 19; 2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene groups at positions 14 and 24; an (E,E)-octa-2,4-dienoyloxy group at position 21; and with oxygen bridges linking positions 6 to 10, 12 to 16, and 20 to 24. It is one of the most abundant member of the class of bryostatins.	3.09	1	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	5.08	9	1
dabrafenib [no description available]	8.3	13	1	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; organofluorine compound; sulfonamide	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; B-Raf inhibitor
jwh-122 (4-methyl-1-naphthyl)-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone: structure in first source	3.25	5	0
n-(3-fluoro-4-((1-methyl-6-(1h-pyrazol-4-yl)-1h-indazol-5 yl)oxy)phenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide merestinib: in phase I clinical trials (2013); structure in first source	7.52	7	3
ur-144 (1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone: structure in first source	2.83	3	0
ribociclib ribociclib: inhibits both CDK4 and CDK6	3.63	2	0
apatinib apatinib: reverses multidrug resistance by inhibiting the efflux function of multiple ATP-binding cassette transporters; structure in first source	3.41	1	0
jwh-210 4-ethylnaphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone: a cannabimimetic; structure in first source	2.53	2	0	indolecarboxamide
sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir: A uridine monophosphate analog inhibitor of HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) polymerase NS5B that is used as an ANTIVIRAL AGENT in the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS C.. sofosbuvir : A nucleotide conjugate that is used in combination with ledipasvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.	3.21	1	0	isopropyl ester; L-alanyl ester; nucleotide conjugate; organofluorine compound; phosphoramidate ester	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; prodrug
5-(4-amino-1-propan-2-yl-3-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2-amine sapanisertib: an mTOR inhibitor	2.21	1	0	benzoxazole
bay 1000394 roniciclib: an antineoplastic agent that inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases; structure in first source	3.21	1	0
gsk 2334470 GSK 2334470: a PDK1 inhibitor; structure in first source	4.43	19	0	indazoles
abemaciclib [no description available]	5.98	2	1
n-((5-(methanesulfonyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-6-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1h-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-oxo-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide N-((5-(methanesulfonyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-6-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-oxo-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide: structure in first source	3.17	1	0
arry-371797 ARRY-371797: a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor	5.2	3	1
gsk 1070916 GSK 1070916: an antineoplastic agent with aurora B/C kinase inhibitory activity	2.11	1	0	pyrazoles; ring assembly
abt 116 ABT 116: a TRPV1 antagonist with analgesic activity; structure in first source	5.48	5	3
lgk974 LGK974: a potent and specific small-molecule inhibitor of Porcupine (PORCN) acyltransferase. LGK974 : A carboxamide, the structure of which is that of acetamide substituted on carbon by a 2',3-dimethyl-2,4'-bipyridin-5-yl group and on nitrogen by a 5-(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl group. It is a highly potent, selective and orally bioavailable Porcupine inhibitor (a Wnt signalling inhibitor).	2.11	1	0	bipyridines; pyrazines; pyridines; secondary carboxamide	Wnt signalling inhibitor
gsk2292767 GSK2292767: inhibits phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta; structure in first source	4.86	2	1
gsk2269557 Nemiralisib: PI3K delta - selective inhibitor	8.85	9	7
pf-3450074 PF-3450074: an anti-HIV agent that binds capsid protein; structure in first source	2.63	2	0
gilteritinib gilteritinib: an FLT3/AXL protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor. gilteritinib : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine-2-carboxamide which is substituted by {3-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]phenyl}nitrilo, (oxan-4-yl)nitrilo and ethyl groups at positions 3,5 and 6, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of FLT3 and AXL tyrosine kinase receptors (IC50 = 0.29 nM and 0.73 nM, respectively). Approved by the FDA for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in patients who have a FLT3 gene mutation.	2.31	1	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxybenzene; N-methylpiperazine; oxanes; piperidines; primary carboxamide; pyrazines; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
alectinib [no description available]	2.31	1	0	aromatic ketone; morpholines; nitrile; organic heterotetracyclic compound; piperidines	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
abt-199 venetoclax: A BCL-2 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity that is used in the treatment of CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA associated with chromosome 17p deletion; structure in first source.. venetoclax : A member of the class of pyrrolopyridines that is a potent inhibitor of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2. It is used for treamtment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion.	2.59	2	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; oxanes; pyrrolopyridine	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
azd4547 [no description available]	2.57	2	0	benzamides; N-arylpiperazine; pyrazoles	fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	2.75	3	0
pf-4708671 [no description available]	2.13	1	0
jwh 019 (1-hexyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1-naphthalenylmethanone: a synthetic cannabinoid; structure in first source	2.11	1	0
gsk1210151a GSK1210151A: inhibitor of the BET family of proteins; structure in first source	2.25	1	0	imidazoquinoline
3-(2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(6-(4-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1-methylurea infigratinib: structure in first source. BGJ-398 : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl group, while the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 6-{[4-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl group. It is a potent and selective fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor.	2.86	3	0	aminopyrimidine; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; phenylureas	antineoplastic agent; fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist
vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).	2.71	3	0
natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.	3.44	2	0	polypeptide
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	5.52	21	0
AM2201 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole: a cannabimimetic; structure in first source	2.53	2	0	indolecarboxamide
sar405838 SAR405838: an inhibitor of the interaction of MDM2 and p53; has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	3.23	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	3.81	11	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	3.78	3	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	1.94	1	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	2.04	1	0
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	2.35	2	0	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	3.47	7	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
byl719 [no description available]	5.36	3	1	proline derivative
2'-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-2-allyl-6,7-benzomorphan SK&F 10047: pharmacologic action of cpd may depend on (L)- or (D)-isomerism; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2	1	0
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	5.31	4	1
charybdotoxin [no description available]	2.03	1	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	4.84	7	1
okadaic acid Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.	2.03	1	0	ketal
ceritinib ceritinib: an anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor. ceritinib : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 2,6-diamino-5-chloropyrimidine in which the amino groups at positions 2 and 6 are respectively carrying 2-methoxy-4-(piperidin-4-yl)-5-methylphenyl and 2-(isopropylsulfonyl)phenyl substituents. Used for the treatment of ALK-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.	3.25	1	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; piperidines; secondary amino compound; sulfone	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
sts-135 N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide: a synthetic cannabinoid; structure in first source	2.83	3	0	indolecarboxamide
AKB48 N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentylindazole-3-carboxamide: a synthetic cannabinoid; structure in first source	5.22	13	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
xlr-11 XLR-11: synthetic cannabinoid; structure in first source	3.26	5	0
gs-5806 presatovir: a respiratory syncytial virus entry inhibitor	8.98	9	5
MK-8353 MK-8353: ERK inhibitor used in oncology. MK-8353 : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole substituted by a 6-(propan-2-yloxy)pyridin-3-yl group at position 3 and by a {[(3S)-3-(methylsulfanyl)-1-(2-{4-[4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl]-3,6-dihydropyridin-1(2H)-yl}-2-oxoethyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]carbonyl}amino group at position 5. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of ERK1 and ERK2 in vitro (IC50 values of 23.0 nM and 8.8 nM, respectively). The drug is being developed by Merck Sharp & Dohme and is currently in clinical development for the treatment of advanced/metastatic solid tumors.	5.22	3	1	aromatic ether; dihydropyridine; indazoles; methyl sulfide; N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
bay 85-3934 [no description available]	2.17	1	0
epz005687 EPZ005687: inhibits EZH2 protein; structure in first source	4.73	8	0	indazoles
epz-6438 tazemetostat: a histone methyltransferase EZH2 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity	3.92	3	0
gsk-2816126 GSK-2816126: inhibits EZH2 methyltransferase; structure in first source	4.37	5	0	piperazines; pyridines
n2-(1h-indazole-5-yl)-n6-methyl-3-nitropyridine-2,6-diamine N2-(1H-indazole-5-yl)-N6-methyl-3-nitropyridine-2,6-diamine: a heat shock factor 1 antagonist; structure in first source. KRIBB11 : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole substituted by a [6-(methylamino)-3-nitropyridin-2-yl]amino group at position 5. It is an inhibitor of heat shock factor 1 (IC50 = 1.2muM) and suppresses tumour growth in mouse xenograft models.	3.78	9	0
gne-317 GNE-317: an mTOR inhibitor also; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
Adb-fubinaca ADB-FUBINACA: a synthetic cannabinoid; structure in first source	4.9	9	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
gsk343 GSK343: an EZH2 methyltransferase inhibitor. GSK343 : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1-isopropyl-1H-indazole-4-carboxamide in which the nitrogen of the carboxamide group is substituted by a (6-methyl-2-oxo-4-propyl-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl group and in which the indazole ring is substituted at position 6 by a 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-4-yl group. A highly potent and selective EZH2 inhibitor (IC50 = 4 nM).	6.07	32	0	aminopyridine; indazoles; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; pyridone; secondary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.1.1.43 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) inhibitor
sar131675 SAR131675: structure in first source	2.11	1	0
sdb-001 N-(adamtan-1-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide: a cannabimimetic; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
kibdelomycin kibdelomycin: an antibiotic that inhibits both gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV; isolated from Kibdelosporangium; structure in first source	3.21	1	0
sr9238 SR9238: liver-selective LXR inverse agonist that suppresses hepatic steatosis; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
osimertinib osimertinib: an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. osimertinib : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 4-(1-methylindol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2-methoxy-4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl](methyl)amino-5-acrylamidophenyl group. Used (as the mesylate salt) for treatment of EGFR T790M mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer.	2.13	1	0	acrylamides; aminopyrimidine; biaryl; indoles; monomethoxybenzene; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
a-1331852 A-1331852: a Bcl-X(L) inhibitor; structure in first source	2.17	1	0
1-pentyl-1h-indole-3-carboxylic acid 8-quinolinyl ester 1-pentyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid 8-quinolinyl ester: a recreational synthetic cannabinoid; structure in first source	2.87	3	0
n-(1-adamantyl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1h-indazole-3-carboxamide N-(1-adamantyl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide: a cannabinoid receptor agonist; structure in first source	3.94	11	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
pf-06463922 lorlatinib: inhibits both anaplastic lymphoma kinase and c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) protein. lorlatinib : A cyclic ether that is 16,17-dihydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecin-15(10H)-one substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 10R, and by cyano, amino and fluoro groups at positions 3, 7 and 12 respectively. It is a small molecule inhibitor of ALK and ROS1 kinase developed by Pfizer for the treatment of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer.	4.42	5	0	aminopyridine; aromatic ether; azamacrocycle; benzamides; cyclic ether; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; organic heterotetracyclic compound; pyrazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
hirudin Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.	2.06	1	0
imetelstat [no description available]	6.81	10	0
glutaminase [no description available]	2.87	3	0
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	3.34	6	0
sr9243 SR9243: an LXR inverse agonist; structure in first source. SR9243 : A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of the sulfonic acid group of mesitylene-2-sulphonic acid with the amino group of 2-(m-bromophenyl)ethylamine in which the nitrogen is substituted by a 4-[m-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]benzyl group.	2.21	1	0	bromobenzenes; sulfonamide; sulfone	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; liver X receptor inverse agonist
azd0914 zoliflodacin: a DNA gyrase inhibitor for treatment of gonorrhea	3.21	1	0
oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).	3.24	6	0
n-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1h-indazole-3-carboxamide N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide: a synthetic cannabinoid known as black mamba	4.48	6	0
n-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1h-indazole-3-carboxamide N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide: a street drug; structure in first source	5.85	15	0
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor	2.75	3	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	3.16	5	0
glucagon-like peptide 2 Glucagon-Like Peptide 2: A 33-amino acid peptide derived from the C-terminal of PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. It stimulates intestinal mucosal growth and decreased apoptosis of ENTEROCYTES. GLP-2 enhances gastrointestinal function and plays an important role in nutrient homeostasis.	2.21	1	0
calpastatin calpastatin: large mol wt, heat-stable calpain inhibitor; not based on sequestering Ca++ from medium, but binding to calpain does require Ca++. calpastatin peptide Ac 184-210 : A 27-membered polypeptide comprising the sequence Ac-Asp-Pro-Met-Ser-Ser-Thr-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Glu-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Glu-Val-Thr-Ile-Pro-Pro-Lys-Tyr-Arg-Glu-Leu-Leu-Ala-NH2. An acetylated synthetic peptide from human calpastatin that strongly inhibits both calpains I and II but not papain (a cysteine protease) or trypsin (a serine protease).	2.03	1	0	polypeptide	EC 3.4.22.52 (calpain-1) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.53 (calpain-2) inhibitor
angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.	2.43	2	0	angiotensin; peptide zwitterion	human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent
centrinone centrinone: a polo-like kinase 4 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
adrenomedullin Adrenomedullin: A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and ADRENAL MEDULLA but is widely distributed throughout the body including lung and kidney tissues. Besides controlling fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator and can inhibit pituitary ACTH secretion.	3.16	5	0
n-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1h-indazole-3-carboxamide N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide: a street drug; structure in first source	3.47	6	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	2.07	1	0
oblimersen oblimersen: targets the Bcl-2 oncogene good efficacy with low toxicity tumour regressions	3.19	1	0
s 8932 [no description available]	2.31	1	0	aromatic amine; C-nucleoside; carboxylic ester; nitrile; phosphoramidate ester; pyrrolotriazine	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; prodrug
transforming growth factor alpha Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.	2.48	2	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	3.17	5	0
triciribine triciribine: structure. triciribine : A nucleoside analogue in which the nucleobase portion is a 1,4,5,6,8-pentaazaacenaphthylene ring system substituted with an amino group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 5 and is bound to the beta-D-ribofuranosyl moiety by an N(1)-glycosidic linkage.	2.58	2	0
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	2.03	1	0
icg 001 ICG 001: PRI-724 is an enantiomer of ICG-001; binds to cAMP response element-binding protein; structure in first source	2.41	1	0
technetium tc 99m medronate Technetium Tc 99m Medronate: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms.	2.1	1	0
thromboplastin Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.	2.52	2	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	3.06	5	0
cord factors Cord Factors: Toxic glycolipids composed of trehalose dimycolate derivatives. They are produced by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS and other species of MYCOBACTERIUM. They induce cellular dysfunction in animals.	2.17	1	0
amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined	2.07	1	0
akt-i-1,2 compound Akt-I-1,2 compound: an aminopeptidase P inhibitor; structure in first source	2.46	2	0
levoleucovorin Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.	8.48	7	7	5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	8.26	146	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sepiapterin sepiapterin: A substrate of sepiapterin reductase	2.02	1	0	sepiapterin
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	2.63	2	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd.. 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.	2.04	1	0	deoxyguanosine phosphate; guanyl deoxyribonucleotide; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.01	1	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine monophosphate Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.	2	1	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	3.79	11	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine [no description available]	6.42	5	3	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.	2.46	2	0	guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	fundamental metabolite
inosinic acid Inosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety.	1.97	1	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
sapropterin sapropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases. (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin : A 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.. sapropterin : A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer).	3.09	5	0	5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin	coenzyme; cofactor; diagnostic agent; human metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	5.04	4	0	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
3-methyladenine N3-methyladenine: structure in first source	2.49	2	0
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.	2.57	2	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
7,8-dihydrobiopterin 7,8-dihydrobiopterin: RN given refers to (S-(R,S))-isomer. 7,8-dihydrobiopterin : A dihydropterin that is biopterin dihydrogenated at positions 7 and 8.. L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin : A 7,8-dihydrobiopterin in which the 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group has (1R,2S)-configuration; naturally occurring form.	1.99	1	0	7,8-dihydrobiopterin
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	4.19	3	1	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	2.41	2	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	6.69	15	0	dacarbazine
zaprinast zaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structure	3.4	7	0	triazolopyrimidines
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	2.01	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanamine 2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanamine: a nitric oxide (NO) generating compound. 1,1-bis(2-aminoethyl)-2-hydroxy-3-oxotriazane : A nitroso compound that is triazane in which the the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by two 2-aminoethyl groups, that at position 2 is substituted by a hydroxy group, and that at position 3 is substituted by an oxo group.	2.94	4	0
guanylyl imidodiphosphate Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).	1.97	1	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
4-hydroxyquinazoline 4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazoline: structure in first source	2.13	1	0	quinazolines
noc 18 NOC 18: releases nitric oxide; structure in first source	2	1	0
tegaserod tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source	2	1	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; hydrazines; indoles	gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic agonist
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate) [no description available]	2.01	1	0	nucleoside diphosphate analogue
pemetrexed pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).	8.87	8	5	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pyrrolopyrimidine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.	4.22	16	0	citrate salt	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
xav939 XAV939: selectively inhibits beta-catenin-mediated transcription; structure in first source. XAV939 : A thiopyranopyrimidine in which a 7,8-dihydro-5H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine skeleton is substituted at C-4 by a hydroxy group and at C-2 by a para-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group.	3.51	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; thiopyranopyrimidine	tankyrase inhibitor
8-bromocyclic gmp 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.	4.5	23	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; organobromine compound	muscle relaxant; protein kinase G agonist
nintedanib nintedanib : A member of the class of oxindoles that is a kinase inhibitor used (in the form of its ethylsulfonate salt) for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cancer.	5.69	7	0
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	2.15	1	0	guanosines	biomarker
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-gmp 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cGMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.	2.42	2	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound; ribonucleotide	protein kinase agonist
debromohymenialdisine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
way-169916 WAY-169916: nonsteroidal selective NF-kappaB inhibitor; structure in first source	2.48	2	0
8-bromoguanosine [no description available]	2	1	0	purine nucleoside
sta 9090 [no description available]	3.18	1	0	ring assembly; triazoles
bmn 673 talazoparib: inhibits both PARP1 and PARP2; structure in first source	7.22	17	0
pp242 torkinib : A member of the class of pyrazolopyrimidines that is 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by isopropyl, 5-hydroxyindol-2-yl and amino groups at positions 1, 3 and 4 respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of mTOR and exhibits anti-cancer properties.	2.15	1	0	aromatic amine; biaryl; hydroxyindoles; phenols; primary amino compound; pyrazolopyrimidine	antineoplastic agent; mTOR inhibitor
dibutyryl cyclic gmp Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP: N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP.	2.4	2	0
magnesium gtp magnesium GTP: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd Mg salt	2	1	0
lipoteichoic acid lipoteichoic acid: lipopolysaccharides with an acyl group anchored to the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria; functions as an adhesion molecule to facilitate the binding of bacteria to cells, colonization, and invasion; interacts with CD14 to induce NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production; can function as surface antigen; inhibits remineraliztion of artificial lesions and surface-softened enamels;. lipoteichoic acid : A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.	2.02	1	0
cholestyramine resin Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.	2.1	1	0
eye [no description available]	4.89	8	1
molnupiravir molnupiravir: prodrug that’s metabolized into N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), a ribonucleoside analog. molnupiravir : A nucleoside analogue that is N(4)-hydroxycytidine in which the 5'-hydroxy group is replaced by a (2-methylpropanoyl)oxy group. It is the prodrug of the active antiviral ribonucleoside analog N(4)-hydroxycytidine (EIDD-1931), has activity against a number of RNA viruses including SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses. It is currently in phase III trials for the treatment of patients with COVID-19.	2.41	1	0	isopropyl ester; ketoxime; nucleoside analogue	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; prodrug
oligomycin b oligomycin B : An oligomycin with formula C45H72O12 that is oligomycin A in which the spirocyclic ring bearing the 2-hydroxypropyl substituent has been substituted by an oxo group at the carbon which is directly attached to the spirocentre. It is a nonselective inhibitor of the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase.	2.42	2	0
chaetocin chaetocin: inhibits G9a histone methyltransferase	3.16	1	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	2.67	3	0
nirmatrelvir nirmatrelvir: component of COVID-19 drug Paxlovid. Paxlovid : A mixture containing nirmatrelvir and ritonavir. It is co-administered in tablet form for the treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19.. nirmatrelvir : An azabicyclohexane that is (1R,5S)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane substituted by {(1S)-1-cyano-2-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]ethyl}aminoacyl, 3-methyl-N-(trifluoroacetyl)-L-valinamide, methyl and methyl groups at positions 2S, 3, 6 and 6, respectively. It is the first orally administered inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease developed by Pfizer and used in combination with ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19.	2.41	1	0	azabicyclohexane; nitrile; organofluorine compound; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.	3.07	1	0
dinitrobenzenes Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.	1.96	1	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	2.43	2	0
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	5.33	3	1
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	8.33	24	2
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	3.89	3	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	5.83	21	1
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	5.83	21	1
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	22.1	305	97
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	22.1	305	97
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)	2.13	1	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	17.14	160	32
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	17.14	160	32
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [description not available]	16.88	63	30
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	21.81	251	126
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial A malignant neoplasm that originates in cells on the surface EPITHELIUM of the ovary and is the most common form of ovarian cancer. There are five histologic subtypes: papillary serous, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, and transitional cell. Mutations in BRCA1, OPCML, PRKN, PIK3CA, AKT1, CTNNB1, RRAS2, and CDH1 genes are associated with this cancer.	16.88	63	30
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	21.81	251	126
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	18.07	116	41
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	22.45	411	88
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	18.07	116	41
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	22.45	411	88
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	26.57	909	255
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular [description not available]	3.64	3	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	26.51	907	255
Metastase [description not available]	21.74	345	49
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	26.57	909	255
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.	3.64	3	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	26.51	907	255
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	21.74	345	49
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	15.04	48	17
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	15.04	48	17
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	5.67	27	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	5.67	27	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	6.05	22	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	6.05	22	0
Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors An internationally recognized set of published rules used for evaluation of cancer treatment that define when tumors found in cancer patients improve, worsen, or remain stable during treatment. These criteria are based specifically on the response of the tumor(s) to treatment, and not on the overall health status of the patient resulting from treatment.	10	19	8
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	20.47	179	78
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	20.47	179	78
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	3.61	8	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	8.19	17	4
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	3.61	8	0
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis [description not available]	12.05	19	11
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	20.69	190	116
Peritoneal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.	12.05	19	11
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	14.5	253	9
Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.	3.43	7	0
Synovioma [description not available]	6.05	17	0
Soft Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.	18.11	91	59
Sarcoma, Synovial A malignant neoplasm arising from tenosynovial tissue of the joints and in synovial cells of tendons and bursae. The legs are the most common site, but the tumor can occur in the abdominal wall and other trunk muscles. There are two recognized types: the monophasic (characterized by sheaths of monotonous spindle cells) and the biphasic (characterized by slit-like spaces or clefts within the tumor, lined by cuboidal or tall columnar epithelial cells). These sarcomas occur most commonly in the second and fourth decades of life. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1363)	6.05	17	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	18.01	40	11
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	20.14	267	52
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	13.01	40	11
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	20.14	267	52
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	12.1	37	12
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	13.6	29	15
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	12.1	37	12
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	13.6	29	15
Astroblastoma [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial Neoplasms composed of neuroepithelial cells, which have the capacity to differentiate into NEURONS, oligodendrocytes, and ASTROCYTES. The majority of craniospinal tumors are of neuroepithelial origin. (From Dev Biol 1998 Aug 1;200(1):1-5)	2.41	1	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	8.87	29	2
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	8.87	29	2
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	2.69	2	0
Icterus [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Emesis [description not available]	13.61	73	25
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	2.69	2	0
Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.	2.31	1	0
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	14.72	54	31
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	13.61	73	25
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	14.45	56	14
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	14.93	50	20
Chromosome Instability Syndromes [description not available]	4.21	2	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	14.45	56	14
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	14.93	50	20
HPV Infection [description not available]	3.79	3	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	11.55	15	9
Cancer of Endometrium [description not available]	5.52	8	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	11.55	15	9
Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.	5.52	8	0
Papillomavirus Infections Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.	3.79	3	0
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	8.04	4	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	9.52	13	5
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia [description not available]	6.27	6	1
Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic An autosomal dominant vascular anomaly characterized by telangiectases of the skin and mucous membranes and by recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. This disorder is caused by mutations of a gene (on chromosome 9q3) which encodes endoglin, a membrane glycoprotein that binds TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA.	6.27	6	1
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	8.46	7	5
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	4.12	3	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	4.12	3	0
Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.	4.46	7	0
Interstitial Nephritis [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	2.52	2	0
Nephritis, Interstitial Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.	2.41	1	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	9.44	24	4
Cancer of Salivary Gland [description not available]	5.87	4	1
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	9.44	24	4
Salivary Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.	5.87	4	1
Aqueductal Stenosis [description not available]	2.63	2	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	9.34	26	4
Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available]	10.11	11	5
Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)	10.11	11	5
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	8.82	31	3
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	8.82	31	3
Erythema Multiforme A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.	2.41	1	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	5.66	28	0
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	4.8	6	1
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	4.8	6	1
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	3.4	6	0
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	3.4	6	0
Cancer, Second Primary [description not available]	5.67	5	1
Thrombopenia [description not available]	13.57	31	20
Androgen-Independent Prostatic Cancer [description not available]	9.34	10	7
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	13.57	31	20
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE which can grow in the presence of low or residual amount of androgen hormones such as TESTOSTERONE.	9.34	10	7
Cancer of Head [description not available]	8.15	21	3
Cancer of the Tongue [description not available]	2.89	3	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	8.15	21	3
Tongue Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE.	2.89	3	0
Absence Status [description not available]	3.3	6	0
Status Epilepticus A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)	3.3	6	0
Giant Cell Tumors Tumors of bone tissue or synovial or other soft tissue characterized by the presence of giant cells. The most common are giant cell tumor of tendon sheath and GIANT CELL TUMOR OF BONE.	2.41	1	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	17.83	101	50
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	3.48	2	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	3.48	2	0
Pancytopenia Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.	2.6	1	0
Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.	4.57	9	0
Angiosarcoma [description not available]	9.6	25	4
Hemangiosarcoma A rare malignant neoplasm characterized by rapidly proliferating, extensively infiltrating, anaplastic cells derived from blood vessels and lining irregular blood-filled or lumpy spaces. (Stedman, 25th ed)	9.6	25	4
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	13.74	59	14
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	13.74	59	14
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates usually from cells on the surface of the middle and lower third of the ESOPHAGUS. Tumor cells exhibit typical squamous morphology and form large polypoid lesions. Mutations in RNF6, LZTS1, TGFBR2, DEC1, and WWOX1 genes are associated with this cancer.	5.07	2	1
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	5.81	7	1
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	5.81	7	1
Low Bone Density [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	3.34	6	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	3.72	3	0
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Bone Diseases, Metabolic Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE.	2.41	1	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	3.72	3	0
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.	2.41	1	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	18.93	247	43
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	18.93	247	43
Minimal Disease, Residual [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Female Genital Neoplasms [description not available]	6.31	5	1
Genital Neoplasms, Female Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	6.31	5	1
Chemical Dependence [description not available]	6.32	12	1
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available]	3.42	7	0
Action Tremor [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.	3.42	7	0
Tremor Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.	2.41	1	0
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse.	6.32	12	1
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	17.32	86	39
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	17.32	86	39
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung [description not available]	5.25	5	2
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).	5.25	5	2
Carcinosarcoma A malignant neoplasm that contains elements of carcinoma and sarcoma so extensively intermixed as to indicate neoplasia of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed)	5.58	5	1
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available]	4.61	9	0
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	4.61	9	0
Neointima The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement.	2.8	3	0
Aneurysm, Arteriovenous [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	2.73	3	0
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	2.73	3	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	3.27	6	0
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	3.16	5	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	3.59	8	0
Acute Ischemic Stroke [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	7.51	47	1
Ischemic Stroke Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.	2.41	1	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	7.51	47	1
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	3.59	8	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	7.37	65	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	7.37	65	0
Cyst [description not available]	4.18	11	0
Kidney, Polycystic [description not available]	2.82	2	0
ADPKD [description not available]	5.15	13	0
Polycystic Kidney Diseases Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance.	2.82	2	0
Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function.	5.15	13	0
Necrotizing Enterocolitis [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	6.17	49	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	6.17	49	0
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ENTEROCOLITIS with extensive ulceration (ULCER) and NECROSIS. It is observed primarily in LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT.	2.41	1	0
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available]	7.16	7	4
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.	7.16	7	4
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	14.85	36	27
Acne Inversa [description not available]	2.76	2	0
Pilonidal Cyst [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Pilonidal Sinus A hair-containing cyst or sinus, occurring chiefly in the coccygeal region.	2.6	1	0
Hidradenitis Suppurativa A chronic suppurative and cicatricial disease of the apocrine glands occurring chiefly in the axillae in women and in the groin and anal regions in men. It is characterized by poral occlusion with secondary bacterial infection, evolving into abscesses which eventually rupture. As the disease becomes chronic, ulcers appear, sinus tracts enlarge, fistulas develop, and fibrosis and scarring become evident.	2.76	2	0
Lipomatosis A disorder characterized by the accumulation of encapsulated or unencapsulated tumor-like fatty tissue resembling LIPOMA.	2.6	1	0
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round blue cells, granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. Neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, small (oat) cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	6.06	5	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	11.13	39	10
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	9.05	19	2
Leiomyosarcoma A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)	9.05	19	2
Acquired-Immune Deficiency Syndrome Dementia Complex [description not available]	2.6	1	0
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	3.9	3	0
AIDS Dementia Complex A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40)	2.6	1	0
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	3.9	3	0
Dementia Praecox [description not available]	4.13	3	1
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.	4.13	3	1
Cirrhosis [description not available]	5.57	8	2
Carditis [description not available]	2.82	2	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	5.57	8	2
Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.	2.82	2	0
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	4.68	6	0
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	4.68	6	0
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	5.13	18	0
Cancer of Pituitary [description not available]	3.83	3	0
Adenoma, Prolactin-Secreting, Pituitary [description not available]	3.52	1	0
Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.	3.83	3	0
Autism Spectrum Disorder Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)	2.6	1	0
Autism [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Autistic Disorder A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)	2.6	1	0
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	8.84	12	4
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	10.78	16	10
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available]	3.3	6	0
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	4.43	4	1
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	7.22	7	1
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	4.43	4	1
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	7.22	7	1
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.	3.3	6	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	6.26	7	1
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	6.26	7	1
Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The external surface is usually covered with papillary excrescences. Microscopically, the papillary patterns are predominantly epithelial overgrowths with differentiated and undifferentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells. Psammoma bodies may be present. The tumor generally adheres to surrounding structures and produces ascites. (From Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p185)	2.61	2	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	11.43	32	8
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	10.53	49	6
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	11.43	32	8
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	10.53	49	6
Paraparesis Mild to moderate loss of bilateral lower extremity motor function, which may be a manifestation of SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; MUSCULAR DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; parasagittal brain lesions; and other conditions.	3.12	1	0
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	12.47	30	13
Polyneuropathy, Acquired [description not available]	3.12	1	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	9.63	32	2
Polyneuropathies Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance.	3.12	1	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	9.63	32	2
Adenocarcinoma, Endometrioid [description not available]	7.8	5	4
Anemia, Hypoplastic [description not available]	7.71	5	4
Anemia, Aplastic A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.	7.71	5	4
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	11.63	21	10
Carcinoma, Endometrioid An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of cells resembling the glandular cells of the ENDOMETRIUM. It is a common histological type of ovarian CARCINOMA and ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA. There is a high frequency of co-occurrence of this form of adenocarcinoma in both tissues.	7.8	5	4
Atypical Lipomatous Tumor [description not available]	6.17	10	1
Liposarcoma A malignant tumor derived from primitive or embryonal lipoblastic cells. It may be composed of well-differentiated fat cells or may be dedifferentiated: myxoid (LIPOSARCOMA, MYXOID), round-celled, or pleomorphic, usually in association with a rich network of capillaries. Recurrences are common and dedifferentiated liposarcomas metastasize to the lungs or serosal surfaces. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	6.17	10	1
Chondrosarcoma A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)	6.14	5	2
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	6.38	8	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	6.38	8	1
Anasarca [description not available]	4.57	25	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	4.57	25	0
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	6.91	4	2
Cardiac Cancer [description not available]	4.32	6	0
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	6.91	4	2
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	9.65	35	4
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	9.65	35	4
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	11.26	32	9
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	11.26	32	9
Atrioventricular Conduction Block [description not available]	2.89	3	0
Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.	3.08	4	0
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	3.36	6	0
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	3.36	6	0
Atrioventricular Block Impaired impulse conduction from HEART ATRIA to HEART VENTRICLES. AV block can mean delayed or completely blocked impulse conduction.	2.89	3	0
Breathlessness [description not available]	3.89	4	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	9.02	13	5
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing.	3.89	4	0
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	9.02	13	5
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	5.15	3	1
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	3.59	3	0
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	5.15	3	1
Fibrous Histiocytoma of Tendon Sheath [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath A tumor arising in the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE; SYNOVIAL BURSA; or TENDON sheath. It is characterized by OSTEOCLAST-like GIANT CELLS; FOAM CELLS; pigmented HEMOSIDERIN-laden MACROPHAGES and inflammatory infiltrate. It is classified either as diffuse or localized tenosynovitis.	2.25	1	0
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, Familial [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood.	3.17	1	0
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	4.27	18	0
Desmoid [description not available]	5.9	7	1
Fibromatosis, Aggressive A childhood counterpart of abdominal or extra-abdominal desmoid tumors, characterized by firm subcutaneous nodules that grow rapidly in any part of the body but do not metastasize. The adult form of abdominal fibromatosis is FIBROMATOSIS, ABDOMINAL. (Stedman, 25th ed)	5.9	7	1
Lassitude [description not available]	14.64	36	20
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	14.64	36	20
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	4.04	5	0
Thyroid Cancer, Anaplastic [description not available]	4.42	4	1
Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic An aggressive THYROID GLAND malignancy which generally occurs in IODINE-deficient areas in people with previous thyroid pathology such as GOITER. It is associated with CELL DEDIFFERENTIATION of THYROID CARCINOMA (e.g., FOLLICULAR THYROID CARCINOMA; PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER). Typical initial presentation is a rapidly growing neck mass which upon metastasis is associated with DYSPHAGIA; NECK PAIN; bone pain; DYSPNEA; and NEUROLOGIC DEFICITS.	4.42	4	1
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	4.08	5	0
Pancreatic Insufficiency [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	4.08	5	0
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency A malabsorption condition resulting from greater than 10% reduction in the secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes (LIPASE; PROTEASES; and AMYLASE) by the EXOCRINE PANCREAS into the DUODENUM. This condition is often associated with CYSTIC FIBROSIS and with chronic PANCREATITIS.	2.21	1	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	6.61	16	1
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	6.61	16	1
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians [description not available]	4.16	5	0
African Sleeping Sickness [description not available]	2.55	2	0
Trypanosomiasis, African A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.	2.55	2	0
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	2.5	2	0
Cholecystoduodenal Fistula [description not available]	4	4	0
Intestinal Perforation Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.	4.43	4	0
Retroperitoneal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the RETROPERITONEAL SPACE.	4.44	7	0
Lesion of Sciatic Nerve [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Plica Syndrome [description not available]	4.09	3	1
Synovitis Inflammation of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.	4.09	3	1
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	8.94	15	4
Canine Diseases [description not available]	6.26	4	3
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available]	3.15	5	0
Choroid Neovascularization [description not available]	5.19	10	1
Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available]	4.54	5	1
Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.	4.54	5	1
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.	2.8	3	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	8.8	25	3
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	8.8	25	3
Leukemia, Pre-B-Cell [description not available]	2.66	2	0
Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and adolescents and characterized by a high number of lymphoblasts and solid tumor lesions. Frequent sites involve LYMPH NODES, skin, and bones. It most commonly presents as leukemia.	2.66	2	0
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism [description not available]	4.33	3	1
Cancer of Intestines [description not available]	6.85	7	2
Cachexia General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.	2.52	2	0
Hypogonadism Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).	4.33	3	1
Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.	6.85	7	2
Intestinal Polyps Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the INTESTINE. A polyp is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.	2.25	1	0
FMR1-Related Primary Ovarian Insufficiency [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Cessation of ovarian function after MENARCHE but before the age of 40, without or with OVARIAN FOLLICLE depletion. It is characterized by the presence of OLIGOMENORRHEA or AMENORRHEA, elevated GONADOTROPINS, and low ESTRADIOL levels. It is a state of female HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM. Etiologies include genetic defects, autoimmune processes, chemotherapy, radiation, and infections. The most commonly known genetic cause is the expansion of a CGG repeat to 55 to 199 copies in the 5' untranslated region in the X-linked FMR1 gene.	2.21	1	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	5.75	32	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	16.79	111	15
Malignant Mesothelioma [description not available]	6.52	5	3
Mesothelioma A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)	6.12	5	2
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	5.55	14	0
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	5.55	14	0
Hypertensive Retinopathy Degenerative changes to the RETINA due to HYPERTENSION.	2.21	1	0
Precordial Catch [description not available]	5.15	3	1
Leukocytopenia [description not available]	7.57	6	4
Chest Pain Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.	5.15	3	1
Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).	7.57	6	4
Abscess, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Lung Abscess Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the lung parenchyma as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.	2.25	1	0
Appendiceal Cancer [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Appendiceal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the APPENDIX.	2.25	1	0
Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous Neoplasms containing cyst-like formations or producing mucin or serum.	4.9	2	1
Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus [description not available]	9.94	12	7
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.	9.94	12	7
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	12.2	34	12
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	11.64	37	8
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	12.2	34	12
Ache [description not available]	8.57	28	6
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	13.57	28	6
Bile Duct Cancer [description not available]	5.04	8	1
Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.	5.04	8	1
Recrudescence [description not available]	12.87	29	15
Bone Fractures [description not available]	3.47	2	0
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	4.34	4	0
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	9.53	13	4
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	4.34	4	0
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones.	3.47	2	0
Solitary Fibrous Tumors Rare neoplasms of mesenchymal origin, usually benign, and most commonly involving the PLEURA (see SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR, PLEURAL). They also are found in extrapleural sites.	8.38	13	3
Leukemia, Lymphoblastic, Acute, T Cell [description not available]	3.22	5	0
Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and young adults and characterized LYMPHADENOPATHY and THYMUS GLAND involvement. It most frequently presents as a lymphoma, but a leukemic progression in the bone marrow is common.	3.22	5	0
Cystic Echinococcosis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	6.27	4	3
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	6.27	4	3
Angiomatosis Retinae [description not available]	6.82	8	1
Auricular Cancer [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Ear Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of any part of the hearing and equilibrium system of the body (the EXTERNAL EAR, the MIDDLE EAR, and the INNER EAR).	2.25	1	0
von Hippel-Lindau Disease An autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in a tumor suppressor gene. This syndrome is characterized by abnormal growth of small blood vessels leading to a host of neoplasms. They include HEMANGIOBLASTOMA in the RETINA; CEREBELLUM; and SPINAL CORD; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; pancreatic tumors; and renal cell carcinoma (see CARCINOMA, RENAL CELL). Common clinical signs include HYPERTENSION and neurological dysfunctions.	6.82	8	1
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [description not available]	9.13	16	6
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.	9.13	16	6
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	4.41	8	0
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	4.41	8	0
Cancer of the Fallopian Tube [description not available]	11.73	15	11
Fallopian Tube Neoplasms Benign or malignant neoplasms of the FALLOPIAN TUBES. They are uncommon. If they develop, they may be located in the wall or within the lumen as a growth attached to the wall by a stalk.	11.73	15	11
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	3.98	2	1
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available]	4.16	3	1
Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)	4.16	3	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	10.79	37	4
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	10.79	37	4
Neoplasms, Pleural [description not available]	5.36	6	2
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.	2.63	2	0
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	4.05	4	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	3.11	5	0
Lymphangioendothelioma, Malignant [description not available]	2.63	2	0
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.	2.63	2	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	4.05	4	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	3.11	5	0
Alcohol Abuse, Nervous System [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Adiadochokinesis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Cerebellar Ataxia Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)	2.25	1	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	4.48	22	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	4.21	16	0
Giardia duodenalis Infection [description not available]	2.55	2	0
Giardiasis An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact.	2.55	2	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	3.85	11	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	3.85	11	0
Degenerative Disc Disease [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISC due to aging or structural damage, especially to the vertebral end-plates.	2.25	1	0
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	3.23	1	0
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	3.23	1	0
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	6.05	10	1
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	6.05	10	1
Rhabdomyosarcoma 2 [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Neoplasms, Bone Marrow [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar A form of RHABDOMYOSARCOMA occurring mainly in adolescents and young adults, affecting muscles of the extremities, trunk, orbital region, etc. It is extremely malignant, metastasizing widely at an early stage. Few cures have been achieved and the prognosis is poor. Alveolar refers to its microscopic appearance simulating the cells of the respiratory alveolus. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2188)	2.25	1	0
Bone Marrow Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the bone marrow. They are differentiated from neoplasms composed of bone marrow cells, such as MULTIPLE MYELOMA. Most bone marrow neoplasms are metastatic.	2.52	2	0
Atheroma [description not available]	3.08	4	0
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	7.72	13	2
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	7.72	13	2
Parasitemia The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.57	2	0
Abdominal Migraine [description not available]	6.4	8	2
Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	6.4	8	2
Malignant Neurilemmoma [description not available]	3.7	1	1
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.	2.25	1	0
Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.	3.27	5	0
Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.	3.27	5	0
Pericementitis [description not available]	5.37	4	1
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	5.07	3	1
Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)	5.37	4	1
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	7.18	11	2
Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma [description not available]	5.73	6	1
Neoplasms, Skull Base [description not available]	3.6	2	0
Sarcoma, Alveolar Soft Part A variety of rare sarcoma having a reticulated fibrous stroma enclosing groups of sarcoma cells, which resemble epithelial cells and are enclosed in alveoli walled with connective tissue. It is a rare tumor, usually occurring between 15 and 35 years of age. It appears in the muscles of the extremities in adults and most commonly in the head and neck regions of children. Though slow-growing, it commonly metastasizes to the lungs, brain, bones, and lymph nodes. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1365)	5.73	6	1
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	3.45	7	0
Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal A highly malignant subset of neoplasms arising from the endometrial stroma. Tumors in this group infiltrate the stroma with a wide range of atypia cells and numerous mitoses. They are capable of widespread metastases (NEOPLASM METASTASIS).	2.61	2	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	3.45	7	0
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available]	8.96	8	4
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	8.96	8	4
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	2.58	2	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	4.58	9	0
Ewing Sarcoma [description not available]	3.5	7	0
Sarcoma, Ewing A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. The tumor occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females.	3.5	7	0
Fibromatosis [description not available]	3.23	1	0
Erythrocytosis [description not available]	3.53	2	0
Fibroma A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.	3.23	1	0
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	5	15	0
Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia FEVER accompanied by a significant reduction in NEUTROPHIL count associated with CHEMOTHERAPY.	5.89	2	2
Bile Duct Diseases Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT.	2.25	1	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	2.25	1	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	5.9	4	1
Chronic Illness [description not available]	6.3	13	1
Attachment Loss, Periodontal [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Deafness, Transitory [description not available]	4.88	2	1
Liver Abscess, Pyogenic Single or multiple areas of PUS due to bacterial infection within the hepatic parenchyma. It can be caused by a variety of BACTERIA, local or disseminated from infections elsewhere such as in APPENDICITIS; CHOLECYSTITIS; PERITONITIS; and after LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.	4.62	1	1
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	8.09	6	4
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	8.1	7	4
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	11.14	16	9
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Ancylostomiasis Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus ANCYLOSTOMA. Characteristics include anemia, dyspepsia, eosinophilia, and abdominal swelling.	4.62	1	1
Auricular Fibrillation [description not available]	4.92	2	1
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	9.21	15	3
Bladder Disorder, Neurogenic [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	5.71	7	1
Caries, Dental [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	6.47	16	1
Fistula Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.	4.62	1	1
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	5.19	3	1
Bleeding [description not available]	7.92	6	2
Infections, Klebsiella [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	5.27	4	1
Mitral Incompetence [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Kahler Disease [description not available]	9.67	13	5
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Morbid Obesity [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Pocket, Periodontal [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	5.76	3	2
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	4.7	2	1
Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available]	5.05	3	1
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	5.74	4	1
Linear Skull Fracture [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Nicotine Addiction [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Zoonoses Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.	4.99	2	1
Coxarthrosis [description not available]	5.41	2	2
MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome [description not available]	5.59	6	1
Shoulder Injuries Injuries involving the SHOULDERS and SHOULDER JOINT.	4.62	1	1
Hemorrhage, Gingival [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.	4.92	2	1
Biliary Tract Diseases Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	4.62	1	1
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	9.21	15	3
Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES.	4.62	1	1
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	5.71	7	1
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	6.3	13	1
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	4.62	1	1
Gingival Hemorrhage The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as GINGIVITIS, marginal PERIODONTITIS, injury, and ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY.	4.62	1	1
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.	5.19	3	1
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	7.92	6	2
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	5.84	8	1
Klebsiella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.	4.62	1	1
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	5.27	4	1
Mitral Valve Insufficiency Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.	4.62	1	1
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	9.67	13	5
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	4.62	1	1
Obesity, Morbid The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.	4.62	1	1
Periodontal Pocket An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption.	4.62	1	1
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	5.02	2	1
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	5.76	3	2
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	4.7	2	1
Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.	5.05	3	1
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	5.74	4	1
Tobacco Use Disorder Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included.	4.62	1	1
Vitiligo A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.	4.62	1	1
Osteoarthritis, Hip Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. It is characterized by growth or maturational disturbances in the femoral neck and head, as well as acetabular dysplasia. A dominant symptom is pain on weight-bearing or motion.	5.41	2	2
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	4.62	1	1
Hearing Loss A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.	4.88	2	1
Lipid Metabolism Disorders Pathological conditions resulting from abnormal anabolism or catabolism of lipids in the body.	4.62	1	1
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	8.1	7	4
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	11.14	16	9
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	4.62	1	1
Atherogenesis [description not available]	3.2	5	0
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	2.83	3	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	2.83	3	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	2.75	3	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	10.32	12	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	3.2	5	0
Inflammatory Pseudotumor [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Granuloma, Plasma Cell A slow-growing benign pseudotumor in which plasma cells greatly outnumber the inflammatory cells.	2.25	1	0
Palsy [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)	2.25	1	0
AIDS, Simian [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	4.03	13	0
Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.	2.78	3	0
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	4.03	13	0
Bednar Tumor [description not available]	4.92	2	1
Dermatofibrosarcoma A sarcoma of the deep layers of the skin. The tumors are locally aggressive tends to recur but rarely metastatic. It can be classified into variants depending on the cell type tumors are derived from or by its characteristics: Pigmented variant from MELANIN-containing DERMAL DENDRITIC CELLS; Myxoid variant, myxoid STROMAL CELLS; Giant cell variant characterized by GIANT CELLS in the tumors; and Fibrosarcomatous variant chracterized by tumor areas histologically indistinguishable from FIBROSARCOMA.	4.92	2	1
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	3.98	12	0
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.	3.98	12	0
Hemorrhagic Shock [description not available]	3.21	5	0
Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome, Posterior [description not available]	5.02	8	0
Microsatellite Instability The occurrence of highly polymorphic mono- and dinucleotide MICROSATELLITE REPEATS in somatic cells. It is a form of genome instability associated with defects in DNA MISMATCH REPAIR.	2.31	1	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	2.71	3	0
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	3.4	2	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	3.4	2	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	4.45	8	0
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm [description not available]	6.97	9	3
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).	6.97	9	3
Desmoplastic Small Cell Tumor [description not available]	2.88	3	0
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor A rare, aggressive soft tissue sarcoma that primarily affects adolescents and young adults. It is most commonly found in the abdomen.	2.88	3	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	4.21	17	0
Erythema Migrans, Lingual [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Cold Panniculitis [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	3.29	6	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	3.29	6	0
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	5.62	6	1
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	5.62	6	1
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	7.08	22	0
Infections, Trichomonas [description not available]	2.59	2	0
Trichomonas Infections Infections in birds and mammals produced by various species of Trichomonas.	2.59	2	0
Teratogenesis The formation of CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES.	2.31	1	0
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	4.26	6	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	4.26	6	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	2.61	2	0
Thromboembolism Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.	3.64	2	0
Gastric Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.	3.23	1	0
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	5.95	8	1
Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.	5.95	8	1
Aura [description not available]	3.72	10	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	3.72	10	0
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.	5.11	5	0
Bradyarrhythmia [description not available]	3.12	5	0
Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.	3.12	5	0
Hemangiopericytoma A tumor composed of spindle cells with a rich vascular network, which apparently arises from pericytes, cells of smooth muscle origin that lie around small vessels. Benign and malignant hemangiopericytomas exist, and the rarity of these lesions has led to considerable confusion in distinguishing between benign and malignant variants. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1364)	2.63	2	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	6.6	7	3
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	6.6	7	3
Adrenal Gland Hypofunction [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Adrenal Insufficiency Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.	2.31	1	0
Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm of epithelial cells of the SALIVARY GLANDS, with microcystic architecture, low-grade nuclei, and granular vacuolated cytoplasm.	3.51	2	0
Aesthesioneuroblastoma [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Cancer of Nose [description not available]	2.85	3	0
Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory A malignant olfactory neuroblastoma arising from the olfactory epithelium of the superior nasal cavity and cribriform plate. It is uncommon (3% of nasal tumors) and rarely is associated with the production of excess hormones (e.g., SIADH, Cushing Syndrome). It has a high propensity for multiple local recurrences and bony metastases. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3rd ed, p1245; J Laryngol Otol 1998 Jul;112(7):628-33)	2.31	1	0
Diathesis [description not available]	3.23	1	0
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	2.31	1	0
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism [description not available]	3.12	5	0
Parkinson Disease, Secondary Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)	3.12	5	0
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	6.59	6	3
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	6.59	6	3
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Myositis Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.	2.78	3	0
Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available]	2.63	2	0
Blood Diseases [description not available]	3.93	4	0
Anemia, Cooley's [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.	2.63	2	0
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.	3.93	4	0
beta-Thalassemia A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.	2.31	1	0
Chromosomal Translocation [description not available]	4.87	4	0
Hypomelanosis [description not available]	2.83	3	0
Hypopigmentation A condition caused by a deficiency or a loss of melanin pigmentation in the epidermis, also known as hypomelanosis. Hypopigmentation can be localized or generalized, and may result from genetic defects, trauma, inflammation, or infections.	2.83	3	0
Pneumothorax, Primary Spontaneous [description not available]	4.92	7	1
Pneumothorax An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL.	4.92	7	1
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	3.59	8	0
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	3.59	8	0
Nasal Bleeding [description not available]	4.75	3	0
Epistaxis Bleeding from the nose.	4.75	3	0
Marchiafava-Micheli Syndrome [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal A condition characterized by the recurrence of HEMOGLOBINURIA caused by intravascular HEMOLYSIS. In cases occurring upon cold exposure (paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria), usually after infections, there is a circulating antibody which is also a cold hemolysin. In cases occurring during or after sleep (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria), the clonal hematopoietic stem cells exhibit a global deficiency of cell membrane proteins.	4.62	1	1
Lung Adenocarcinoma [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Adenocarcinoma of Lung A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.	2.57	2	0
Chylothorax The presence of chyle in the thoracic cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.41	1	0
Arteriovenous Malformations Abnormal formation of blood vessels that shunt arterial blood directly into veins without passing through the CAPILLARIES. They usually are crooked, dilated, and with thick vessel walls. A common type is the congenital arteriovenous fistula. The lack of blood flow and oxygen in the capillaries can lead to tissue damage in the affected areas.	2.15	1	0
Cancer, Embryonal [description not available]	3.9	2	1
Cancer of Testis [description not available]	5.61	6	1
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.	3.9	2	1
Testicular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.	5.61	6	1
Carcinoma, Basal Cell, Pigmented [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Carcinoma, Basal Cell A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)	2.15	1	0
Bewilderment [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Tachycardia, Supraventricular A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS.	2.15	1	0
Rhabdoid Tumor A rare but highly lethal childhood tumor found almost exclusively in infants. Histopathologically, it resembles RHABDOMYOSARCOMA but the tumor cells are not of myogenic origin. Although it arises primarily in the kidney, it may be found in other parts of the body. The rhabdoid cytomorphology is believed to be the expression of a very primitive malignant cell. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2210)	2.83	3	0
Cancer of the Urinary Tract [description not available]	7.75	11	6
Paraneoplastic Syndromes In patients with neoplastic diseases a wide variety of clinical pictures which are indirect and usually remote effects produced by tumor cell metabolites or other products.	2.52	2	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	7.19	7	1
Exanthem [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.	2.57	2	0
Epithelial Neoplasms [description not available]	11.98	16	9
Acute Autoimmune Neuropathy [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Guillain-Barre Syndrome An acute inflammatory autoimmune neuritis caused by T cell- mediated cellular immune response directed towards peripheral myelin. Demyelination occurs in peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, surgery, immunization, lymphoma, or exposure to toxins. Common clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Weakness of respiratory muscles and autonomic dysfunction may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1312-1314)	2.15	1	0
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating [description not available]	7.59	10	2
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	7.13	6	2
Biliary Tract Cancer [description not available]	5.39	2	2
Biliary Tract Neoplasms Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	5.39	2	2
Cancer of Endocrine Gland [description not available]	3.53	1	1
Paraganglioma, Gangliocytic [description not available]	3.94	2	1
Endocrine Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS.	3.53	1	1
Paraganglioma A neural crest tumor usually derived from the chromoreceptor tissue of a paraganglion, such as the carotid body, or medulla of the adrenal gland (usually called a chromaffinoma or pheochromocytoma). It is more common in women than in men. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	3.94	2	1
Anoxia, Brain [description not available]	3.81	11	0
Death, Sudden The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.	2.17	1	0
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	3.44	7	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	3.44	7	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck [description not available]	6.62	6	1
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.	6.62	6	1
Deep Vein Thrombosis [description not available]	4.57	5	1
Blood Clot [description not available]	5.01	9	1
Blood Loss, Surgical Loss of blood during a surgical procedure.	3.56	1	1
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	5.01	9	1
Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.	4.57	5	1
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Leukemia, T-Cell A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.	2.42	2	0
Wet Macular Degeneration A form of RETINAL DEGENERATION in which abnormal CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION occurs under the RETINA and MACULA LUTEA, causing bleeding and leaking of fluid. This leads to bulging and or lifting of the macula and the distortion or destruction of central vision.	10.7	11	9
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	3.81	11	0
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	2.57	2	0
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Acute Onset Vascular Dementia [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Carotid Artery Narrowing [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Dementia, Vascular An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44)	2.15	1	0
Carotid Stenosis Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)	2.72	3	0
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	2.15	1	0
Connective and Soft Tissue Neoplasms [description not available]	4.88	2	1
Tauopathies Neurodegenerative disorders involving deposition of abnormal tau protein isoforms (TAU PROTEINS) in neurons and glial cells in the brain. Pathological aggregations of tau proteins are associated with mutation of the tau gene on chromosome 17 in patients with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; DEMENTIA; PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS; progressive supranuclear palsy (SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE); and corticobasal degeneration.	2.15	1	0
Cancer of Oropharnyx [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OROPHARYNX.	2.54	2	0
Gout Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.	2.52	2	0
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	3.06	1	0
Aseptic Necrosis of Bone [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Maxillary Diseases Diseases involving the MAXILLA.	2.15	1	0
Osteonecrosis Death of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic.	2.15	1	0
Adhesions, Tissue [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Delirium of Mixed Origin [description not available]	3.74	3	0
Delirium A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)	3.74	3	0
Hair Diseases Diseases affecting the orderly growth and persistence of hair.	2.54	2	0
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic [description not available]	4.42	7	0
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.	4.42	7	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	2.97	4	0
Rupture, Spontaneous Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.	2.55	2	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	2.97	4	0
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.17	1	0
Leg Ulcer Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.	2.52	2	0
Infections, Paramyxoviridae [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	4.06	5	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	4.06	5	0
Paramyxoviridae Infections Infections with viruses of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. This includes MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTIONS; RESPIROVIRUS INFECTIONS; PNEUMOVIRUS INFECTIONS; HENIPAVIRUS INFECTIONS; AVULAVIRUS INFECTIONS; and RUBULAVIRUS INFECTIONS.	2.17	1	0
Low Back Ache [description not available]	3.06	1	0
Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.	3.06	1	0
Neuroendocrine Tumors Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.	10.12	11	4
Brain Swelling [description not available]	4.39	7	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	4.39	7	0
Lower Urinary Tract Symptom [description not available]	3.09	1	0
Surgical Incision [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Allodynia [description not available]	6.85	28	0
Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.	2.57	2	0
Thrombocythemia [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.	3.78	3	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)	3.01	4	0
Adenoma, Oxyphilic A usually benign glandular tumor composed of oxyphil cells, large cells with small irregular nuclei and dense acidophilic granules due to the presence of abundant MITOCHONDRIA. Oxyphil cells, also known as oncocytes, are found in oncocytomas of the kidney, salivary glands, and endocrine glands. In the thyroid gland, oxyphil cells are known as Hurthle cells and Askanazy cells.	2.81	3	0
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Carcinoma, Papillary A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	7.9	10	3
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular An adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland, in which the cells are arranged in the form of follicles. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.17	1	0
Kaposi Sarcoma [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Sarcoma, Kaposi A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.	2.17	1	0
Diffuse Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Poorly-Differentiated [description not available]	4.23	3	1
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1).	4.23	3	1
Auricular Flutter [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Atrial Flutter Rapid, irregular atrial contractions caused by a block of electrical impulse conduction in the right atrium and a reentrant wave front traveling up the inter-atrial septum and down the right atrial free wall or vice versa. Unlike ATRIAL FIBRILLATION which is caused by abnormal impulse generation, typical atrial flutter is caused by abnormal impulse conduction. As in atrial fibrillation, patients with atrial flutter cannot effectively pump blood into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES).	2.17	1	0
Branch Vein Occlusion [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Retinal Vein Occlusion Blockage of the RETINAL VEIN. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; and other CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.	2.17	1	0
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed [description not available]	3.04	4	0
Medulloblastoma A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)	3.04	4	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	3.9	4	0
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	10.47	12	6
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.	3.09	1	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	3.9	4	0
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	10.47	12	6
Multiple Hemangioblastomas [description not available]	3.72	3	0
Central Nervous System Neoplasm [description not available]	2.83	3	0
Central Nervous System Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.	2.83	3	0
Hemangioblastoma A benign tumor of the nervous system that may occur sporadically or in association with VON HIPPEL-LINDAU DISEASE. It accounts for approximately 2% of intracranial tumors, arising most frequently in the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis. Histologically, the tumors are composed of multiple capillary and sinusoidal channels lined with endothelial cells and clusters of lipid-laden pseudoxanthoma cells. Usually solitary, these tumors can be multiple and may also occur in the brain stem, spinal cord, retina, and supratentorial compartment. Cerebellar hemangioblastomas usually present in the third decade with INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION, and ataxia. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2071-2)	3.72	3	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	5.03	15	0
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	3.3	6	0
Hyperammonemia Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.	2.46	2	0
Polyploid [description not available]	3.05	4	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	3	4	0
Anemias, Iron-Deficiency [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.	2.17	1	0
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Tumour Lysis Syndrome [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Tumor Lysis Syndrome A syndrome resulting from cytotoxic therapy, occurring generally in aggressive, rapidly proliferating lymphoproliferative disorders. It is characterized by combinations of hyperuricemia, lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia.	2.17	1	0
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic [description not available]	3.09	1	0
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever	3.09	1	0
Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.	2.77	3	0
Aneurysm, Thoracic Aortic [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Marfan Syndrome, Type I [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Marfan Syndrome An autosomal dominant disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE with abnormal features in the heart, the eye, and the skeleton. Cardiovascular manifestations include MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE, dilation of the AORTA, and aortic dissection. Other features include lens displacement (ectopia lentis), disproportioned long limbs and enlarged DURA MATER (dural ectasia). Marfan syndrome (type 1) is associated with mutations in the gene encoding FIBRILLIN-1 (FBN1), a major element of extracellular microfibrils of connective tissue. Mutations in the gene encoding TYPE II TGF-BETA RECEPTOR (TGFBR2) are associated with Marfan syndrome type 2.	2.17	1	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	5.08	43	0
Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the THORACIC AORTA. This proximal descending portion of aorta gives rise to the visceral and the parietal branches above the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	2.54	2	0
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	6.51	24	2
Affective Disorders [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Mood Disorders Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.	2.17	1	0
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	2.95	4	0
Cherubism A fibro-osseous hereditary disease of the jaws. The swollen jaws and raised eyes give a cherubic appearance; multiple radiolucencies are evident upon radiographic examination.	3.09	1	0
Merkel Cell Cancer [description not available]	3.7	3	0
Carcinoma, Merkel Cell A carcinoma arising from MERKEL CELLS located in the basal layer of the epidermis and occurring most commonly as a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. Merkel cells are tactile cells of neuroectodermal origin and histologically show neurosecretory granules. The skin of the head and neck are a common site of Merkel cell carcinoma, occurring generally in elderly patients. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1245)	3.7	3	0
Leishmania Infection [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).	2.17	1	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	2.69	3	0
Cancer of the Vagina [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Vaginal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the VAGINA.	2.17	1	0
Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular Enlargement of the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is often attributed to PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	2.17	1	0
Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.	2.17	1	0
Glaucoma, Suspect [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye.	3.14	5	0
Ocular Hypertension A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.	2.78	3	0
Iron Overload An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)	2.17	1	0
Chemotherapy-Induced Acral Erythema [description not available]	11.35	15	9
Hand-Foot Syndrome Chemotherapy-induced dermal side effects that are associated with the use of various CYTOSTATIC AGENTS. Symptoms range from mild ERYTHEMA and/or PARESTHESIA to severe ulcerative dermatitis with debilitating pain involving typically palmoplantar and intertriginous areas. These cutaneous manifestations are sometimes accompanied by nail anomalies.	11.35	15	9
Pneumoperitoneum A condition with trapped gas or air in the PERITONEAL CAVITY, usually secondary to perforation of the internal organs such as the LUNG and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, or to recent surgery. Pneumoperitoneum may be purposely introduced to aid radiological examination.	2.17	1	0
Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis A condition characterized by the presence of multiple gas-filled cysts in the intestinal wall, the submucosa and/or subserosa of the INTESTINE. The majority of the cysts are found in the JEJUNUM and the ILEUM.	2.17	1	0
Cafe-au-Lait Spots with Pulmonic Stenosis [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Neoplasms, Nerve Sheath [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Neurofibromatosis 1 An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).	2.21	1	0
Nerve Sheath Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from nerve sheaths formed by SCHWANN CELLS in the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM or by OLIGODENDROCYTES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, NEUROFIBROMA, and NEURILEMMOMA are relatively common tumors in this category.	2.21	1	0
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	2.17	1	0
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.	3.36	2	0
Thrombotic Microangiopathies Diseases that result in THROMBOSIS in MICROVASCULATURE. The two most prominent diseases are PURPURA, THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC; and HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME. Multiple etiological factors include VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELL damage due to SHIGA TOXIN; FACTOR H deficiency; and aberrant VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR formation.	2.17	1	0
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes [description not available]	5.3	6	2
Nasopharyngitis Inflammation of the NASOPHARYNX, usually including its mucosa, related lymphoid structure, and glands.	2.17	1	0
Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.	5.3	6	2
Neglected Diseases Diseases that are underfunded and have low name recognition but are major burdens in less developed countries. The World Health Organization has designated six tropical infectious diseases as being neglected in industrialized countries that are endemic in many developing countries (HELMINTHIASIS; LEPROSY; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; ONCHOCERCIASIS; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; and TRACHOMA).	2.17	1	0
Aortic Dissection [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	2.17	1	0
Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue [description not available]	3.59	1	1
Brill-Symmers Disease [description not available]	4.18	3	1
Familial Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia [description not available]	3.59	1	1
Lymphoma, Follicular Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES.	4.18	3	1
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.	3.59	1	1
Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. Many of the sites of these lymphomas, such as the stomach, salivary gland, and thyroid, are normally devoid of lymphoid tissue. They acquire mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type as a result of an immunologically mediated disorder.	3.59	1	1
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	8.29	14	2
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	8.29	14	2
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.	9.65	14	6
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	5.11	10	1
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	5.11	10	1
Bisphosphonate Osteonecrosis [description not available]	2.81	3	0
Hypocalcemia Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.54	2	0
Infections, Salmonella [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.	2.17	1	0
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.	2.17	1	0
Atypical Mycobacterial Infection, Disseminated [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Tuberculoma A tumor-like mass resulting from the enlargement of a tuberculous lesion.	2.17	1	0
Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid A tumor of medium-to-large veins, composed of plump-to-spindled endothelial cells that bulge into vascular spaces in a tombstone-like fashion. These tumors are thought to have borderline aggression, where one-third develop local recurrences, but only rarely metastasize. It is unclear whether the epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is truly neoplastic or an exuberant tissue reaction, nor is it clear if this is equivalent to Kimura's disease (see ANGIOLYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA WITH EOSINOPHILIA). (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	5.14	3	1
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	2.83	3	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	3.71	10	0
Pachymeningitis [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	3.71	10	0
Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)	2.21	1	0
Rhabdomyolysis Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.	2.21	1	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	2.83	3	0
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	2.57	2	0
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Meningeal Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.	2.17	1	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Tricuspid Incompetence [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	2.45	2	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	3.43	7	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	3.17	5	0
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	3.17	5	0
Cerebral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive A group of malignant tumors of the nervous system that feature primitive cells with elements of neuronal and/or glial differentiation. Use of this term is limited by some authors to central nervous system tumors and others include neoplasms of similar origin which arise extracranially (i.e., NEUROECTODERMAL TUMORS, PRIMITIVE, PERIPHERAL). This term is also occasionally used as a synonym for MEDULLOBLASTOMA. In general, these tumors arise in the first decade of life and tend to be highly malignant. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2059)	2.21	1	0
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	3.95	4	0
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	3.95	4	0
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged [description not available]	5.63	3	2
Long QT Syndrome A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.	5.63	3	2
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.	3.9	2	1
Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available]	4.17	3	1
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.	4.17	3	1
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.21	1	0
Food Poisoning [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	4.75	2	1
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	4.75	2	1
Chordoma A malignant tumor arising from the embryonic remains of the notochord. It is also called chordocarcinoma, chordoepithelioma, and notochordoma. (Dorland, 27th ed)	3.5	2	0
Dermatophytoses [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Acute Necrotizing Encephalitis, Herpetic [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Tinea Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON.	2.21	1	0
Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex An acute (or rarely chronic) inflammatory process of the brain caused by SIMPLEXVIRUS infections which may be fatal. The majority of infections are caused by human herpesvirus 1 (HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN) and less often by human herpesvirus 2 (HERPESVIRUS 2, HUMAN). Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; SEIZURES; HALLUCINATIONS; behavioral alterations; APHASIA; hemiparesis; and COMA. Pathologically, the condition is marked by a hemorrhagic necrosis involving the medial and inferior TEMPORAL LOBE and orbital regions of the FRONTAL LOBE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp751-4)	2.21	1	0
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion A disease of the PITUITARY GLAND characterized by the excess amount of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secreted. This leads to hypersecretion of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) by the ADRENAL GLANDS resulting in CUSHING SYNDROME.	2.21	1	0
Aortic Incompetence [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Aortic Valve Insufficiency Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to regurgitation. It is caused by diseases of the AORTIC VALVE or its surrounding tissue (aortic root).	2.17	1	0
Anterior Optic Neuritis [description not available]	3.46	2	0
Optic Neuritis Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis).	3.46	2	0
Melena The black, tarry, foul-smelling FECES that contain degraded blood.	2.21	1	0
Drop Attack [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Syncope A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)	2.21	1	0
Mucositis An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).	8.42	7	5
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	3.03	4	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	2.78	3	0
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Macular Holes [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Retinal Detachment Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).	2.58	2	0
Retinal Perforations Perforations through the whole thickness of the retina including the macula as the result of inflammation, trauma, degeneration, etc. The concept includes retinal breaks, tears, dialyses, and holes.	2.31	1	0
Cannabis Abuse [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Marijuana Abuse Use of marijuana associated with abnormal psychological, social, and or occupational functioning.	2.25	1	0
CCMMT [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Genome Instability [description not available]	3.12	1	0
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome [description not available]	2.53	2	0
Demyelinating Diseases Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.	2.53	2	0
Conjunctival Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the CONJUNCTIVA.	2.21	1	0
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available]	3.62	9	0
Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	3.62	9	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	2.21	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of varying combinations of clear and hobnail-shaped tumor cells. There are three predominant patterns described as tubulocystic, solid, and papillary. These tumors, usually located in the female reproductive organs, have been seen more frequently in young women since 1970 as a result of the association with intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed)	2.21	1	0
Orphan Diseases Rare diseases that have not been well studied.	2.52	2	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	3.57	8	0
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced [description not available]	3.78	10	0
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)	3.78	10	0
Nasal Catarrh [description not available]	7.51	4	4
Colicky Pain [description not available]	7.51	4	4
Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.	7.51	4	4
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	7.51	4	4
Metaplasia A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.	2.08	1	0
Adamantinoma A locally aggressive, osteolytic neoplasm of the long bones, probably of epithelial origin and most often involving the TIBIA.	2.08	1	0
Morphine Abuse [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Morphine Dependence Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.	2.48	2	0
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	2.41	2	0
Constitutional Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	6.18	6	0
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Micrometastases, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer [description not available]	2.79	3	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	4.71	6	1
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	2.08	1	0
Fracture, Pathologic [description not available]	3.89	2	1
Conus Medullaris Syndrome [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Diseases of Immune System [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Immune System Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.	2.08	1	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	3.31	6	0
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Inhalation Injury, Smoke [description not available]	3.15	5	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	3.31	6	0
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	2.08	1	0
Abdominal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.	2.08	1	0
Duodenal Diseases Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).	2.08	1	0
Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.	2.44	2	0
Achlorhydria A lack of HYDROCHLORIC ACID in GASTRIC JUICE despite stimulation of gastric secretion.	2.08	1	0
Neuralgia, Sciatic [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Sciatica A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of SCIATIC NEUROPATHY; RADICULOPATHY (involving the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT); or lesions of the CAUDA EQUINA.	2.08	1	0
Koch's Disease [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	2.49	2	0
Bilirubinemia [description not available]	5.27	6	0
Cranial Nerve V Injury [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Craniofacial Pain [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	2.99	4	0
Facial Pain Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.	2.08	1	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	2.99	4	0
Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.	2.08	1	0
Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.	2.5	2	0
Dermatitis, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	3.89	2	1
Radiodermatitis A cutaneous inflammatory reaction occurring as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.	3.89	2	1
Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)	3.01	1	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	3.08	5	0
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	3.08	5	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	2.95	4	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	2.95	4	0
Adenocarcinoma, Alveolar [description not available]	3.47	1	1
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar A carcinoma derived from epithelium of terminal bronchioles, in which the neoplastic tissue extends along the alveolar walls and grows in small masses within the alveoli. Involvement may be uniformly diffuse and massive, or nodular, or lobular. The neoplastic cells are cuboidal or columnar and form papillary structures. Mucin may be demonstrated in some of the cells and in the material in the alveoli, which also includes denuded cells. Metastases in regional lymph nodes, and in even more distant sites, are known to occur, but are infrequent. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	3.47	1	1
Carcinoma, Large Cell A tumor of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size. It is usually bronchogenic. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	3.47	1	1
Adrenocortical Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. Adrenocortical carcinomas are unencapsulated anaplastic (ANAPLASIA) masses sometimes exceeding 20 cm or 200 g. They are more likely to be functional than nonfunctional, and produce ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES that may result in hypercortisolism (CUSHING SYNDROME); HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and/or VIRILISM.	3.48	1	1
Adrenal Cortex Cancer [description not available]	3.82	2	1
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX.	3.82	2	1
Hypercoagulability [description not available]	4.18	3	1
Thrombophilia A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.	4.18	3	1
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	2.1	1	0
Bladder, Overactive [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Urinary Bladder, Overactive Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the URINARY BLADDER that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. URINARY INCONTINENCE may or may not be present.	2.1	1	0
Granular Cell Myoblastoma [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Apical Ballooning Syndrome [description not available]	4.31	2	0
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy A transient left ventricular apical dysfunction or ballooning accompanied by electrocardiographic (ECG) T wave inversions. This abnormality is associated with high levels of CATECHOLAMINES, either administered or endogenously secreted from a tumor or during extreme stress.	4.31	2	0
Mixed Tumor, Mullerian A tumor, basically a carcinoma with a single sarcoma such as leiomyosarcoma or angiosarcoma or multiple sarcomas of uterine origin. The role of estrogen has been postulated as a possible etiological factor in this tumor. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1703)	3.48	1	1
Carcinoma, Medullary A carcinoma composed mainly of epithelial elements with little or no stroma. Medullary carcinomas of the breast constitute 5%-7% of all mammary carcinomas; medullary carcinomas of the thyroid comprise 3%-10% of all thyroid malignancies. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1141; Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	4.78	2	1
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Myasthenia Gravis A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.	2.1	1	0
Uveal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UVEA.	2.52	2	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	7.58	12	1
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	7.58	12	1
EHS Tumor [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Entamoeba histolytica Infection [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous, Subacute [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID).	2.1	1	0
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction [description not available]	2.96	4	0
Brain Infarction Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.	2.96	4	0
Clear Cell Sarcoma of Soft Tissue [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Sarcoma, Clear Cell A sarcoma of young adults occurring in the lower extremities and acral regions. It is found intimately bound to tendons as a circumscribed but unencapsulated melanin-bearing tumor of neuroectodermal origin. Clear cell sarcoma is associated with a specific t(12;22)(q13;q12) translocation.	2.1	1	0
Polyomavirus Infections Infections with POLYOMAVIRUS, which are often cultured from the urine of kidney transplant patients. Excretion of BK VIRUS is associated with ureteral strictures and CYSTITIS, and that of JC VIRUS with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL).	3.01	1	0
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	4.65	27	0
Cancer, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Neoplasms, Skull [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Caprine Diseases [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Parasitic Diseases, Animal Animal diseases caused by PARASITES.	2.1	1	0
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	2.98	4	0
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	2.98	4	0
Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms [description not available]	3.02	4	0
Spinal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the SPINE.	2.52	2	0
Anorexia The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.	7.29	5	3
Day Blindness [description not available]	3.48	1	1
Nevus Flammeus [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Port-Wine Stain A vascular malformation of developmental origin characterized pathologically by ectasia of superficial dermal capillaries, and clinically by persistent macular erythema. In the past, port wine stains have frequently been termed capillary hemangiomas, which they are not; unfortunately this confusing practice persists: HEMANGIOMA, CAPILLARY is neoplastic, a port-wine stain is non-neoplastic. Port-wine stains vary in color from fairly pale pink to deep red or purple and in size from a few millimeters to many centimeters in diameter. The face is the most frequently affected site and they are most often unilateral. (From Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 5th ed, p483)	2.11	1	0
Chickungunya Fever [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Malignant Fibrohistiocytic Tumors [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous The most commonly diagnosed soft tissue sarcoma. It is a neoplasm with a fibrohistiocytic appearance found chiefly in later adult life, with peak incidence in the 7th decade.	2.52	2	0
Acid Aspiration Syndrome [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Pneumonia, Aspiration A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.	2.11	1	0
Pain, Chronic [description not available]	3.03	1	0
Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.	3.03	1	0
Pleural Diseases Diseases involving the PLEURA.	2.15	1	0
Bronchial Fistula An abnormal passage or communication between a bronchus and another part of the body.	2.15	1	0
Corneal Angiogenesis [description not available]	4.8	2	1
Corneal Neovascularization New blood vessels originating from the corneal blood vessels and extending from the limbus into the adjacent CORNEAL STROMA. Neovascularization in the superficial and/or deep corneal stroma is a sequel to numerous inflammatory diseases of the ocular anterior segment, such as TRACHOMA, viral interstitial KERATITIS, microbial KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS, and the immune response elicited by CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION.	4.8	2	1
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)	2.75	3	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.11	1	0
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available]	2.77	3	0
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	2.11	1	0
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.	2.77	3	0
Infections, Parvoviridae [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Rectovaginal Fistula An abnormal anatomical passage between the RECTUM and the VAGINA.	2.11	1	0
Microcephaly A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.)	2.11	1	0
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	2.52	2	0
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	2.52	2	0
Pyoderma Gangrenosum An idiopathic, rapidly evolving, and severely debilitating disease occurring most commonly in association with chronic ulcerative colitis. It is characterized by the presence of boggy, purplish ulcers with undermined borders, appearing mostly on the legs. The majority of cases are in people between 40 and 60 years old. Its etiology is unknown.	2.13	1	0
Penile Diseases Pathological processes involving the PENIS or its component tissues.	2.13	1	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	2.11	1	0
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	3.35	2	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	3.35	2	0
Chylopericardium [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Pericardial Effusion Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE.	2.49	2	0
Black Fever [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Leishmaniasis, Visceral A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.	2.11	1	0
Argentaffinoma [description not available]	4.8	2	1
Carcinoid Tumor A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)	4.8	2	1
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available]	6.1	11	1
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.	6.1	11	1
Keratoconjunctivitis Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.	2.11	1	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	3.5	1	1
Bronchiolitis Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES.	3.5	1	1
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	2.46	2	0
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).	2.52	2	0
Pleural Effusion, Malignant Presence of fluid in the PLEURAL CAVITY as a complication of malignant disease. Malignant pleural effusions often contain actual malignant cells.	2.52	2	0
Neoplasm Metastasis, Unknown Primary [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	2.11	1	0
Dyskinesia Syndromes [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.	2.47	2	0
Thoracic Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.	2.11	1	0
Brain Stem Neoplasms, Primary [description not available]	2.53	2	0
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	2.68	3	0
Brain Stem Neoplasms Benign and malignant intra-axial tumors of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; or MEDULLA OBLONGATA of the BRAIN STEM. Primary and metastatic neoplasms may occur in this location. Clinical features include ATAXIA, cranial neuropathies (see CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES), NAUSEA, hemiparesis (see HEMIPLEGIA), and quadriparesis. Primary brain stem neoplasms are more frequent in children. Histologic subtypes include GLIOMA; HEMANGIOBLASTOMA; GANGLIOGLIOMA; and EPENDYMOMA.	2.53	2	0
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.	2.11	1	0
Cerebral Malaria [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Hyperoxia An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.	2.95	4	0
Lymphangiomyomatosis [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis A disease characterized by the progressive invasion of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS into the LYMPHATIC VESSELS, and the BLOOD VESSELS. The majority of the cases occur in the LUNGS of women of child-bearing age, eventually blocking the flow of air, blood, and lymph. The common symptom is shortness of breath (DYSPNEA).	2.11	1	0
Retinal Degeneration A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)	2.11	1	0
Retrolental Fibroplasia [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Neovascularization, Optic Disc [description not available]	4.11	5	0
Retinopathy of Prematurity A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.13	1	0
Retinal Neovascularization Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina.	4.11	5	0
Skin Diseases, Vascular Skin diseases affecting or involving the cutaneous blood vessels and generally manifested as inflammation, swelling, erythema, or necrosis in the affected area.	2.13	1	0
Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)	2.11	1	0
Anankastic Personality [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.	2.49	2	0
Polyarthritis [description not available]	3.57	9	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.57	9	0
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	3.6	3	0
Coronary Restenosis Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.	3.85	2	1
Endothelioma, Vascular [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Hemangioendothelioma A neoplasm derived from blood vessels, characterized by numerous prominent endothelial cells that occur singly, in aggregates, and as the lining of congeries of vascular tubes or channels. Hemangioendotheliomas are relatively rare and are of intermediate malignancy (between benign hemangiomas and conventional angiosarcomas). They affect men and women about equally and rarely develop in childhood. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1866)	2.13	1	0
MODS [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	2.13	1	0
Acinar Carcinoma [description not available]	3.04	1	0
Carcinoma, Acinar Cell A malignant tumor arising from secreting cells of a racemose gland, particularly the salivary glands. Racemose (Latin racemosus, full of clusters) refers, as does acinar (Latin acinus, grape), to small saclike dilatations in various glands. Acinar cell carcinomas are usually well differentiated and account for about 13% of the cancers arising in the parotid gland. Lymph node metastasis occurs in about 16% of cases. Local recurrences and distant metastases many years after treatment are common. This tumor appears in all age groups and is most common in women. (Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240; from DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575)	3.04	1	0
Femoral Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the FEMUR.	3.51	1	1
Bleb [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Hand Dermatosis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Hand Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the HANDS.	2.13	1	0
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	4.08	3	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	4.08	3	1
Juvenile Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Myelomonocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Myeloproliferative Disorders Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.	2.13	1	0
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic A myelodysplastic-myeloproliferative disease characterized by monocytosis, increased monocytes in the bone marrow, variable degrees of dysplasia, but an absence of immature granulocytes in the blood.	2.13	1	0
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile A leukemia affecting young children characterized by SPLENOMEGALY, enlarged lymph nodes, rashes, and hemorrhages. Traditionally classed as a myeloproliferative disease, it is now considered a mixed myeloproliferative-mylelodysplastic disorder.	2.13	1	0
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	5.82	4	2
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	5.82	4	2
Neurilemoma [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Neurilemmoma A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)	2.13	1	0
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available]	4.41	2	2
Joint Pain [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Arthralgia Pain in the joint.	2.75	3	0
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	3.81	2	1
Cancer of the Thymus [description not available]	3.82	2	1
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	3.81	2	1
Thymus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.	3.82	2	1
Itching [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	2.13	1	0
Happy Puppet Syndrome [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Angelman Syndrome A syndrome characterized by multiple abnormalities, MENTAL RETARDATION, and movement disorders. Present usually are skull and other abnormalities, frequent infantile spasms (SPASMS, INFANTILE); easily provoked and prolonged paroxysms of laughter (hence happy); jerky puppetlike movements (hence puppet); continuous tongue protrusion; motor retardation; ATAXIA; MUSCLE HYPOTONIA; and a peculiar facies. It is associated with maternal deletions of chromosome 15q11-13 and other genetic abnormalities. (From Am J Med Genet 1998 Dec 4;80(4):385-90; Hum Mol Genet 1999 Jan;8(1):129-35)	2.13	1	0
Aneurysm, Ruptured The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worsening pain. The great danger of a ruptured aneurysm is the large amount of blood spilling into the surrounding tissues and cavities, causing HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.	2.13	1	0
Neoplasms, Vascular [description not available]	2.53	2	0
Fusiform Aneurysm Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS.	2.13	1	0
Aneurysm Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics.	2.13	1	0
Cancer of the Ureter [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Ureteral Neoplasms Cancer or tumors of the URETER which may cause obstruction leading to hydroureter, HYDRONEPHROSIS, and PYELONEPHRITIS. HEMATURIA is a common symptom.	2.13	1	0
Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.	3.04	1	0
Hallucination of Body Sensation [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Agitation, Psychomotor [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Hallucinations Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.	2.13	1	0
Psychomotor Agitation A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.	2.13	1	0
Allergic Rhinitis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Rhinitis, Allergic An inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA triggered by ALLERGENS.	2.13	1	0
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	2.5	2	0
Hypertriglyceridemia A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.	2.13	1	0
Infections, Soft Tissue [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Angiomyxoma [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Skin Ulcer An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.	2.15	1	0
Soft Tissue Infections Infections of non-skeletal tissue, i.e., exclusive of bone, ligaments, cartilage, and fibrous tissue. The concept is usually referred to as skin and soft tissue infections and usually subcutaneous and muscle tissue are involved. The predisposing factors in anaerobic infections are trauma, ischemia, and surgery. The organisms often derive from the fecal or oral flora, particularly in wounds associated with intestinal surgery, decubitus ulcer, and human bites. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1688)	2.15	1	0
Anochlesia [description not available]	3.41	7	0
Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Reflex, Abnormal An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.	2.13	1	0
Cancer of Muscle [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Adenocystic Carcinoma [description not available]	3.51	1	1
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)	3.51	1	1
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	2.13	1	0
Bacterial Vaginitides [description not available]	3.04	1	0
Vaginosis, Bacterial Polymicrobial, nonspecific vaginitis associated with positive cultures of Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic organisms and a decrease in lactobacilli. It remains unclear whether the initial pathogenic event is caused by the growth of anaerobes or a primary decrease in lactobacilli.	3.04	1	0
Depression, Endogenous [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.	2.47	2	0
Neuroectodermal Tumors Malignant neoplasms arising in the neuroectoderm, the portion of the ectoderm of the early embryo that gives rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems, including some glial cells.	2.13	1	0
ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction [description not available]	2.15	1	0
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction A clinical syndrome defined by MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA symptoms; persistent elevation in the ST segments of the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; and release of BIOMARKERS of myocardial NECROSIS (e.g., elevated TROPONIN levels). ST segment elevation in the ECG is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also NON-ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	2.15	1	0
Lethargy A general state of sluggishness, listless, or uninterested, with being tired, and having difficulty concentrating and doing simple tasks. It may be related to DEPRESSION or DRUG ADDICTION.	3.4	2	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	2.67	3	0
Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.	2.96	4	0
Alveolar Bone Atrophy [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	2.15	1	0
Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available]	3.06	1	0
Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.	3.06	1	0
Fibroid [description not available]	3.06	1	0
Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.	3.06	1	0
Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.	2.43	2	0
Autotomy Human [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Addiction, Opioid [description not available]	3.61	3	0
Opioid-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.	3.61	3	0
ATLL [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.	2.04	1	0
Hyperhomocysteinemia Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (	2.05	1	0
Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic A systemic, large-cell, non-Hodgkin, malignant lymphoma characterized by cells with pleomorphic appearance and expressing the CD30 ANTIGEN. These so-called hallmark cells have lobulated and indented nuclei. This lymphoma is often mistaken for metastatic carcinoma and MALIGNANT HISTIOCYTOSIS.	2.05	1	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	2.7	3	0
Dejerine-Thomas Syndrome [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic [description not available]	2.93	4	0
Central Nervous System Disease [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.	2.05	1	0
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	2.45	2	0
Amentia [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.	2.05	1	0
Complex Partial Epilepsy [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Epilepsy, Complex Partial A disorder characterized by recurrent partial seizures marked by impairment of cognition. During the seizure the individual may experience a wide variety of psychic phenomenon including formed hallucinations, illusions, deja vu, intense emotional feelings, confusion, and spatial disorientation. Focal motor activity, sensory alterations and AUTOMATISM may also occur. Complex partial seizures often originate from foci in one or both temporal lobes. The etiology may be idiopathic (cryptogenic partial complex epilepsy) or occur as a secondary manifestation of a focal cortical lesion (symptomatic partial complex epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317-8)	2.44	2	0
Alpha Virus Infections [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Goldblatt Syndrome [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.	2.46	2	0
Renal Artery Stenosis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.	2.05	1	0
Renal Artery Obstruction Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).	2.05	1	0
Temporomandibular Disorders [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)	2.05	1	0
Cancer of Granulosa Cells [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	2.05	1	0
Airway Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.	2.38	2	0
Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA.	2.76	3	0
Brain Hemorrhage [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Intracranial Hemorrhages Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.	2.05	1	0
Anxiety Neuroses [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Anxiety Disorders Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.	2.05	1	0
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	7.85	21	4
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	7.85	21	4
Adenosis of Breast [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Fibrocystic Breast Disease A common and benign breast disease characterized by varying degree of fibrocystic changes in the breast tissue. There are three major patterns of morphological changes, including FIBROSIS, formation of CYSTS, and proliferation of glandular tissue (adenosis). The fibrocystic breast has a dense irregular, lumpy, bumpy consistency.	2.05	1	0
Ear Infection [description not available]	2.05	1	0
African Lymphoma [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.	2.05	1	0
Graft Occlusion, Vascular Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.	2.43	2	0
Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES.	2.06	1	0
Hyperprolactinaemia [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Hyperprolactinemia Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologies include PROLACTINOMA, medication effect, KIDNEY FAILURE, granulomatous diseases of the PITUITARY GLAND, and disorders which interfere with the hypothalamic inhibition of prolactin release. Ectopic (non-pituitary) production of prolactin may also occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp77-8)	2.05	1	0
Cocaine Abuse [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Cocaine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.	2.06	1	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	3.09	5	0
Hyperthyroid [description not available]	3.84	2	1
Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.	3.84	2	1
Apnea, Sleep [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Sleep Apnea Syndromes Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.	2.06	1	0
Colitis, Mucous [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Colonic Diseases Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	2.06	1	0
Irritable Bowel Syndrome A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.	2.06	1	0
Glioblastoma with Sarcomatous Component [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Gliosarcoma Rare mixed tumors of the brain and rarely the spinal cord which contain malignant neuroectodermal (glial) and mesenchymal components, including spindle-shaped fibrosarcoma cells. These tumors are highly aggressive and present primarily in adults as rapidly expanding mass lesions. They may arise in tissue that has been previously irradiated. (From Br J Neurosurg 1995 Apr;9(2):171-8)	2.42	2	0
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.	3.81	2	1
Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.	2.07	1	0
Cerebral Palsy, Athetoid [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Cerebral Palsy A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7)	2.06	1	0
Psychoses [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Psychotic Disorders Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)	2.06	1	0
Becker Muscular Dystrophy [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)	2.06	1	0
Acoustic Trauma Usually refer to hearing loss due to a single noise event such as an explosion or shotgun blast.	2.45	2	0
Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz.	2.45	2	0
Dehiscence, Surgical Wound [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Coronary Artery Stenosis [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Coronary Stenosis Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.	2.06	1	0
Glomerulonephritis, Lupus [description not available]	5.01	3	1
Lupus Nephritis Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).	5.01	3	1
Arthritides, Bacterial [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Leukostasis Abnormal intravascular leukocyte aggregation and clumping often seen in leukemia patients. The brain and lungs are the two most commonly affected organs. This acute syndrome requires aggressive cytoreductive modalities including chemotherapy and/or leukophoresis. It is differentiated from LEUKEMIC INFILTRATION which is a neoplastic process where leukemic cells invade organs.	2.06	1	0
Central Retinal Edema, Cystoid [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Macular Edema Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90)	2.47	2	0
Coronary Artery Vasospasm [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Coronary Vasospasm Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.	2.06	1	0
Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Familial or idiopathic hypertension in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION which is not secondary to other disease.	2.06	1	0
Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.	2.07	1	0
Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)	2.07	1	0
Gait Disorders, Animal [description not available]	4.42	2	2
Adenoma Sebaceum Facial ANGIOFIBROMA in tuberous sclerosis	2.99	1	0
Tuberous Sclerosis Autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome classically characterized by MENTAL RETARDATION; EPILEPSY; and skin lesions (e.g., adenoma sebaceum and hypomelanotic macules). There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in the neurologic manifestations. It is also associated with cortical tuber and HAMARTOMAS formation throughout the body, especially the heart, kidneys, and eyes. Mutations in two loci TSC1 and TSC2 that encode hamartin and tuberin, respectively, are associated with the disease.	2.99	1	0
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease [description not available]	2.96	4	0
Parkinsonian Disorders A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.	2.96	4	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	3.81	2	0
Bronchiectasis Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.	2.99	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	3.81	2	0
Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.	2.07	1	0
Thyrotoxicosis A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING.	2.48	2	0
Empyema, Gall Bladder [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Infection [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.	2.07	1	0
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	2.07	1	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	2.73	3	0
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Mitochondrial Diseases Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.	2.07	1	0
Granulomas [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	2.88	4	0
Pleuropericarditis Inflammation of both the PERICARDIUM and the PLEURA.	2.07	1	0
Pericarditis Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.	2.07	1	0
Thyroiditis Inflammatory diseases of the THYROID GLAND. Thyroiditis can be classified into acute (THYROIDITIS, SUPPURATIVE), subacute (granulomatous and lymphocytic), chronic fibrous (Riedel's), chronic lymphocytic (HASHIMOTO DISEASE), transient (POSTPARTUM THYROIDITIS), and other AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS subtypes.	2.08	1	0
Heatstroke [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Heat Stroke A condition caused by the failure of body to dissipate heat in an excessively hot environment or during PHYSICAL EXERTION in a hot environment. Contrast to HEAT EXHAUSTION, the body temperature in heat stroke patient is dangerously high with red, hot skin accompanied by DELUSIONS; CONVULSIONS; or COMA. It can be a life-threatening emergency and is most common in infants and the elderly.	2.46	2	0
Inflammatory Breast Cancer [description not available]	3.47	1	1
Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms Metastatic breast cancer characterized by EDEMA and ERYTHEMA of the affected breast due to LYMPHATIC METASTASIS and eventual obstruction of LYMPHATIC VESSELS by the cancer cells.	3.47	1	1
Aneuploid [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Hyperkinetic Dysphonia [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Dysphonia Difficulty and/or pain in PHONATION or speaking.	2.1	1	0
Peripheral Nerve Injury [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Peripheral Nerve Injuries Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.	2.08	1	0
Bilirubin Encephalopathy [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Kernicterus A term used pathologically to describe BILIRUBIN staining of the BASAL GANGLIA; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM and clinically to describe a syndrome associated with HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Clinical features include athetosis, MUSCLE SPASTICITY or hypotonia, impaired vertical gaze, and DEAFNESS. Nonconjugated bilirubin enters the brain and acts as a neurotoxin, often in association with conditions that impair the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (e.g., SEPSIS). This condition occurs primarily in neonates (INFANT, NEWBORN), but may rarely occur in adults. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p613)	2.01	1	0
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.	4.6	10	0
Convulsions, Grand Mal [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)	2.01	1	0
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available]	4.25	18	0
Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)	4.25	18	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	3.81	4	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	3.81	4	0
Autosomal Recessive Chronic Granulomatous Disease [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Granulomatous Disease, Chronic A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.	2.01	1	0
Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia occurring in the absence of toxic exposure or a disease associated with decreased platelets. It is mediated by immune mechanisms, in most cases IMMUNOGLOBULIN G autoantibodies which attach to platelets and subsequently undergo destruction by macrophages. The disease is seen in acute (affecting children) and chronic (adult) forms.	2.93	1	0
Bacterial Pneumonia [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Pneumonia, Bacterial Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.	2.01	1	0
Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	4.01	14	0
Apnea A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	2.01	1	0
Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.	2.4	2	0
Carotid Artery Dissection, Internal [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide.	2.02	1	0
Hyperactivity, Motor [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Exertional Heat Illness [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	2.02	1	0
Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month.	2.42	2	0
Priapism A prolonged painful erection that may lasts hours and is not associated with sexual activity. It is seen in patients with SICKLE CELL ANEMIA, advanced malignancy, spinal trauma; and certain drug treatments.	2.02	1	0
Brain Emboli [description not available]	3.64	3	0
Parasite Infections [description not available]	2.94	1	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	2.02	1	0
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	3.82	2	1
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	3.82	2	1
Dystonia An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)	2.42	2	0
Island Cell Tumor [description not available]	3.35	2	0
Adenoma, Islet Cell A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM.	3.35	2	0
Esophageal Reflux [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.	2.02	1	0
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	2.42	2	0
Embolus [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Embolism Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.	2.03	1	0
Adenoma, beta-Cell [description not available]	2.94	1	0
Insulinoma A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.	2.94	1	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Cecal Diseases Pathological developments in the CECUM.	2.03	1	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	2.03	1	0
Active Hyperemia [description not available]	3.39	7	0
Ocular Hypotension Abnormally low intraocular pressure often related to chronic inflammation (uveitis).	2.03	1	0
Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).	3.39	7	0
Lead Poisoning, Nervous System Injury to the nervous system secondary to exposure to lead compounds. Two distinct clinical patterns occur in children (LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, CHILDHOOD) and adults (LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, ADULT). In children, lead poisoning typically produces an encephalopathy. In adults, exposure to toxic levels of lead is associated with a peripheral neuropathy.	2.03	1	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.03	1	0
Asthenia Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy.	2.95	1	0
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	3.07	5	0
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.	2.44	2	0
Postherpetic Neuralgia [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Neuralgia, Postherpetic Pain in nerves, frequently involving facial SKIN, resulting from the activation the latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). The two forms of the condition preceding the pain are HERPES ZOSTER OTICUS; and HERPES ZOSTER OPHTHALMICUS. Following the healing of the rashes and blisters, the pain sometimes persists.	2.03	1	0
Hydronephrosis Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.	2.41	2	0
Astrocytosis [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Circulatory Collapse [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	2.69	3	0
Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.	2.05	1	0
Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.	1.95	1	0
Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.	1.96	1	0
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	4.27	4	1
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	4.27	4	1
Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice.	3.28	2	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	3.28	2	0
Candida Infection [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.96	1	0
Infections, Nematomorpha [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Histomoniasis [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Helminthiasis Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.	1.96	1	0
Lipidoses Conditions characterized by abnormal lipid deposition due to disturbance in lipid metabolism, such as hereditary diseases involving lysosomal enzymes required for lipid breakdown. They are classified either by the enzyme defect or by the type of lipid involved.	1.96	1	0
Alcoholic Liver Diseases [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.	1.96	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	2.37	2	0
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.	2.36	2	0
Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	2.64	3	0
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Varices [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Varicose Veins Enlarged and tortuous VEINS.	1.96	1	0
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	1.96	1	0
Schwartzman Phenomenon [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.	3.77	2	1
Encephalopathy, Hepatic [description not available]	2.91	4	0
Hepatic Encephalopathy A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)	2.91	4	0
Chronic Hepatitis [description not available]	2.9	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response.	2.9	1	0
Hepatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.	2.9	1	0
Bronchial Hyperreactivity Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.	2.68	3	0
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	3.07	5	0
Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.	4.28	4	1
Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.	4.28	4	1
Colonic Diseases, Functional Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME falls into this category.	1.98	1	0
Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available]	3.37	1	1
Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.	3.37	1	1
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	3.37	1	1
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	3.37	1	1
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Ptosis, Eyelid [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Blepharoptosis Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle.	1.99	1	0
Bradykinesia [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	1.99	1	0
Neuritis A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA.	1.99	1	0
Alcoholic Intoxication An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.	1.99	1	0
Brain Damage, Chronic A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.	1.99	1	0
Giant Cell Tumor of Bone A bone tumor composed of cellular spindle-cell stroma containing scattered multinucleated giant cells resembling osteoclasts. The tumors range from benign to frankly malignant lesions. The tumor occurs most frequently in an end of a long tubular bone in young adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	1.99	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary An adenocarcinoma containing finger-like processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplastic epithelium, projecting into cysts or the cavity of glands or follicles. It occurs most frequently in the ovary and thyroid gland. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.99	1	0
Esophagitis INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA.	1.99	1	0
Carcinoma, Thymic [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Thymoma A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	1.99	1	0
Hyperphagia Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.	2.4	2	0
Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Meningitis, Pneumococcal An acute purulent infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, most prevalent in children and adults over the age of 60. This illness may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA; MASTOIDITIS; SINUSITIS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; sickle cell disease (ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL); skull fractures; and other disorders. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; neck stiffness; and somnolence followed by SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits (notably DEAFNESS); and COMA. (From Miller et al., Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p111)	1.99	1	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	1.99	1	0
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.	1.99	1	0
Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.	2.41	2	0
Extravasation of Contrast Media [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	2.91	1	0
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	2.91	1	0
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Anterior Horn Cell Disease [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)	2.4	2	0
Motor Neuron Disease Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	1.99	1	0
Blunt Injuries [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Rheumatism [description not available]	2	1	0
Rheumatic Diseases Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.	2	1	0
Cardiac Tamponade Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in the PERICARDIUM surrounding the heart. The affected cardiac functions and CARDIAC OUTPUT can range from minimal to total hemodynamic collapse.	2	1	0
Abstinence Syndrome, Neonatal [description not available]	2	1	0
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Fetal and neonatal addiction and withdrawal as a result of the mother's dependence on drugs during pregnancy. Withdrawal or abstinence symptoms develop shortly after birth. Symptoms exhibited are loud, high-pitched crying, sweating, yawning and gastrointestinal disturbances.	2	1	0
Benign Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsy [description not available]	2	1	0
Epilepsies, Myoclonic A clinically diverse group of epilepsy syndromes characterized either by myoclonic seizures or by myoclonus in association with other seizure types. Myoclonic epilepsy syndromes are divided into three subtypes based on etiology: familial, cryptogenic, and symptomatic.	2	1	0
Amnesia-Memory Loss [description not available]	2	1	0
Amnesia Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)	2	1	0
Respiration Disorders Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.	2	1	0
Escherichia coli Meningitis [description not available]	2	1	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	2	1	0
Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.	2	1	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	2	1	0
Paralysis, Legs [description not available]	2	1	0
Paraplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.	2	1	0
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	2	1	0
Impotence [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.	2.92	1	0
Amphetamine Abuse [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Amphetamine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines.	2.01	1	0
Bilharziasis [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Schistosomiasis Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.	2.86	4	0
Infections, Nematode [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Human Trichinellosis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Trichinellosis An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.	1.95	1	0
Acute-Phase Reaction An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.	1.98	1	0
Besnoitiasis [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	2.38	2	0
Leukemia L5178 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia of mice.	2.38	2	0
Vulvovaginitis Inflammation of the VULVA and the VAGINA, characterized by discharge, burning, and PRURITUS.	3.3	2	0
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.	3.36	1	1
Decerebrate Posturing [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Methemoglobinemia The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.97	1	0
Vaginitis Inflammation of the vagina characterized by pain and a purulent discharge.	2.89	1	0
Injuries, Eye [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Eye Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.	1.97	1	0
Carcinoma, Bronchial [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA.	1.97	1	0
Plasma Cell Tumor [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Plasmacytoma Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Parotid [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Parotid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PAROTID GLAND.	1.97	1	0
Ametropia [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Refractive Errors Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus.	1.97	1	0
Trypanosomiasis Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.	1.97	1	0
Interstitial Cell Tumor [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Hymenolepiasis Infection with tapeworms of the genus Hymenolepis.	1.95	1	0
Autolysis The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.	1.94	1	0
Agranulocytosis A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).	1.95	1	0

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