food additive

Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance.

ChEBI ID: 64047

Members (5)

Member	Definition	Class
butylated hydroxytoluene	A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.	2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol
caffeine	A trimethylxanthine in which the three methyl groups are located at positions 1, 3, and 7. A purine alkaloid that occurs naturally in tea and coffee.	caffeine
calcium citrate	An organic calcium salt composed of calcium cations and citrate anions in a 3:2 ratio.	calcium citrate
decan-4-olide	A gamma-lactone that is oxolan-2-one substituted by a hexyl group at position 5.	gamma-decalactone
ellagic acid	An organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the formal dimerisation of gallic acid by oxidative aromatic coupling with intramolecular lactonisation of both carboxylic acid groups of the resulting biaryl. It is found in many fruits and vegetables, including raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, and pomegranates.	ellagic acid

Research

Studies (25,956)

Timeframe	Studies, Drugs with This Role(%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	7,732 (29.79)	18.7374
1990's	4,519 (17.41)	18.2507
2000's	5,147 (19.83)	29.6817
2010's	6,119 (23.57)	24.3611
2020's	2,439 (9.40)	2.80

Study Types

Publication Type	Studies, Drugs with this Role (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	2,471 (8.98%)	5.53%
Reviews	1,951 (7.09%)	6.00%
Case Studies	663 (2.41%)	4.05%
Observational	58 (0.21%)	0.25%
Other	22,363 (81.30%)	84.16%

Protein Targets (263)

Potency Measurements

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Drugs
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.6362	1	3
15-lipoxygenase, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	5.0119	1	1
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	28.1838	1	1
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA1	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	Potency	0.7943	1	1
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	43.0258	7	9
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase	Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927	Potency	29.7528	2	2
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	4.7755	1	1
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	6.3221	1	3
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.7943	1	1
Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	47.3732	1	2
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	22.1060	1	2
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.4619	1	3
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.2233	2	4
Chain A, Beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli K-12	Potency	56.2341	1	1
Chain A, HADH2 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.6661	2	3
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.7079	1	1
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	7.0634	3	4
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase	Giardia intestinalis	Potency	9.9982	2	4
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.0562	2	4
Chain B, HADH2 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.6661	2	3
chromobox protein homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	22.8342	2	2
core-binding factor subunit beta isoform 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.3604	2	2
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	1	1
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	1	1
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.1317	1	1
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	56.0031	1	2
DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	27.3677	1	3
DNA polymerase eta isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.7943	1	1
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.6110	1	2
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.2722	1	4
endonuclease IV	Escherichia coli	Potency	19.9526	1	1
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	47.3017	6	9
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	61.8773	3	3
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	4.4208	1	4
farnesoid X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	30.3999	3	3
flap endonuclease 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	36.1898	1	2
fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A	Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)	Potency	63.0957	1	1
geminin	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	7.9144	2	4
GLI family zinc finger 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	17.9560	2	2
GLS protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.1498	2	2
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	9.0817	2	3
Glutamate receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.0141	1	1
Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	27.5812	2	2
Glutamate receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.0141	1	1
Glutamate receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.0141	1	1
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	79.4328	1	1
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	22.3872	1	1
heat shock protein beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	49.1040	1	1
hemoglobin subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.0000	1	1
Histamine H2 receptor	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	Potency	19.2242	2	7
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	1	1
Histone H2A.x	Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)	Potency	63.1217	2	3
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	11.2202	1	1
IDH1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.1300	1	1
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.8489	1	1
Inositol monophosphatase 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	15.8489	1	1
interleukin 8	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	74.9780	1	1
lamin isoform A-delta10	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.9811	1	1
lethal factor (plasmid)	Bacillus anthracis str. A2012	Potency	1.0863	1	3
Luciferase	Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)	Potency	23.1481	3	3
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	4.4668	1	1
Microtubule-associated protein tau	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	26.0028	2	6
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.9526	1	1
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.0355	1	1
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	79.4328	1	1
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.1250	3	6
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	1	1
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	50.1011	1	3
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	25.6651	1	2
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	48.2643	3	4
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	125.8920	1	1
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.2589	1	1
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	1	1
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	4.9104	1	1
phosphoglycerate kinase	Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927	Potency	0.8913	1	1
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	Bacillus subtilis	Potency	82.6636	1	3
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.7842	1	2
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	11.2202	1	1
pregnane X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	38.1547	2	2
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.0000	1	1
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.9526	1	1
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	20.3282	2	4
regulator of G-protein signaling 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	79.4328	1	1
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	52.0711	3	4
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.3042	3	9
runt-related transcription factor 1 isoform AML1b	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.3604	2	2
serine-protein kinase ATM isoform a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.9526	1	1
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	17.5582	1	2
snurportin-1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.8489	1	1
Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	Potency	19.9526	1	1
survival motor neuron protein isoform d	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.7079	1	1
TDP1 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	22.6724	2	3
thioredoxin reductase	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	35.4813	1	1
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	37.1310	2	8
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	21.6437	2	3
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	22.4149	2	4
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.1220	1	1
USP1 protein, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	50.4512	2	2
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	37.2836	2	5
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	55.3026	1	2
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	55.1482	1	1
Vpr	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Potency	12.5893	1	1

Inhibition Measurements

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Drugs
5'-nucleotidase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.8500	1	1
5'-nucleotidase	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50	0.0400	1	1
acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase/HMG-CoA reductase	Enterococcus faecalis	IC50	1,265.3900	1	1
Acetylcholinesterase	Electrophorus electricus (electric eel)	IC50	132.9200	1	1
Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	7.2500	1	1
Adenosine receptor A1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50	113.5000	2	2
Adenosine receptor A1	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	Ki	100.0000	5	5
Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	35.4333	15	15
Adenosine receptor A1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	35.3392	33	36
Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	20.4720	1	1
Adenosine receptor A2a	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50	63.0000	1	5
Adenosine receptor A2a	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	Ki	50.0000	3	3
Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	20.5069	21	21
Adenosine receptor A2a	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	151.3228	27	32
Adenosine receptor A2b	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50	63.0000	1	5
Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	26.7211	19	19
Adenosine receptor A2b	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Ki	23.0000	1	1
Adenosine receptor A2b	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	35.3050	15	20
Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	34.9750	12	12
Adenosine receptor A3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	56.6667	6	6
Aldehyde oxidase 1	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	Ki	4.5300	1	1
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.2000	1	1
ALK tyrosine kinase receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	40.0000	1	1
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	50.0000	1	1
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	50.0000	1	1
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	3,700.0000	2	2
Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	200.0000	2	2
Angiopoietin-1 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.2600	1	1
Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	5,000.0000	1	1
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	133.0000	1	1
Aurora kinase A	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	2.4800	1	1
Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	2.5000	1	1
Beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	3.9000	1	1
Bifunctional epoxide hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	20.7000	1	1
Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	422.6667	3	3
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	14,000.0000	1	1
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50	70.0000	1	1
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50	70.0000	1	1
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha	Bos taurus (cattle)	IC50	0.6000	1	1
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	2.0500	2	2
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	2.0500	2	2
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	2.0500	2	2
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	747.0000	1	1
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	133.0000	1	1
Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	28,500.0000	1	2
Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	133.7440	4	5
Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	9.1250	2	2
Carbonic anhydrase 13	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	4.2400	1	1
Carbonic anhydrase 13	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Ki	10.3000	1	1
Carbonic anhydrase 14	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	8.9100	1	1
Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	28,500.0000	1	2
Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	91.1620	4	5
Carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	10.5000	1	1
Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	9.0800	1	1
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	7.5900	1	1
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	12.7000	1	1
Carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	7.0600	1	1
Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	7.5550	2	2
Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	44.5850	2	2
Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.0400	3	3
Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0200	1	1
Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50	0.0400	1	1
Casein kinase II subunit alpha'	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.0400	2	2
Casein kinase II subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.0400	2	2
Casein kinase II subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50	0.0400	1	1
Chain A, Casein kinase II subunit alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0200	1	1
Chain A, Chitinase	Clonostachys rosea	Ki	19,700.0000	1	1
Chain A, Glycogen Phosphorylase	Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)	Ki	100.0000	1	1
Chitotriosidase-1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	363.0000	1	2
Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	50.0000	1	1
Cruzipain	Trypanosoma cruzi	IC50	142.0000	2	2
Cyclin-A1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	3.3900	1	1
Cyclin-A2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	3.3900	1	1
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	3.3900	1	1
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.0900	1	1
Cysteine protease ATG4B	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	4.2500	2	2
Cytochrome P450 1A2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	110.0000	1	1
Cytochrome P450 2D6	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	4.7700	1	1
Cytochrome P450 2D6	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	1.9500	1	1
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.4500	1	1
DNA polymerase eta	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.0620	1	1
DNA polymerase iota	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.0620	1	1
DNA primase	Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551	IC50	100.0000	1	1
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	10,000.0000	1	1
dual specificity protein phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.1050	2	2
dual specificity protein phosphatase 6	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50	39.5000	1	1
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	40.0000	1	1
Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50	0.5000	1	1
ELAV-like protein 3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.6000	1	1
Endochitinase B1	Aspergillus fumigatus	IC50	363.0000	1	2
Ephrin type-B receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.8300	1	1
Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.6900	1	1
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 isoform 4	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	47.6714	1	1
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E isoform 1	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50	47.6714	1	1
Focal adhesion kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	3.1100	1	1
G-protein coupled receptor 35	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.1000	1	1
G1/S-specific cyclin-D1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.0900	1	1
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	22.8000	1	1
Glutathione S-transferase	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	IC50	74.4000	1	1
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50	100.0000	1	1
Glutathione S-transferase P	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	63.5500	2	2
Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50	648.0000	1	1
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form	Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)	IC50	159.1933	13	15
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50	182.0000	1	1
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	7.5000	1	1
Guanine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	10.2000	1	1
heat shock 70kDa protein 1A	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	66.9200	3	3
heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	99.6000	2	2
heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein isoform 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	99.6000	2	2
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.5800	1	1
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.9800	1	1
Insulin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.3400	1	1
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.2500	1	1
Integrase	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	IC50	5.1000	2	2
likely tRNA 2'-phosphotransferase	Candida albicans SC5314	IC50	0.2913	2	2
M17 leucyl aminopeptidase	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	IC50	138.0800	1	1
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	4.7700	1	1
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	1.9500	1	1
Mcl-1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	27.2850	2	2
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	2.3700	1	1
mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.1420	1	1
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	133.0000	1	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50	0.5700	1	4
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50	0.5700	1	3
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50	0.5700	1	3
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50	0.5700	1	3
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50	0.5700	1	3
NUAK family SNF1-like kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.5100	1	1
Nucleophosmin	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	40.0000	1	1
Palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUM	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	18.6000	1	1
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	3,630.0000	1	1
Phosphodiesterase	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50	70.0000	1	1
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.3000	1	1
Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.7200	2	2
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase receptor Ret	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	40.0000	1	1
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.4667	3	3
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	3.3400	1	1
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	3.5400	1	1
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	40.0000	1	1
Renin	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.9800	1	1
Renin	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	15.0000	1	1
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	IC50	100.0000	1	1
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	IC50	100.0000	1	1
Serine-protein kinase ATM	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	200.0000	1	1
Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1,100.0000	1	1
Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.7600	1	1
Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	400.0000	1	1
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	3.3400	1	1
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK4	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	2.9700	1	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.2700	1	1
Squalene monooxygenase	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50	2.0000	1	1
Tat	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	IC50	1.6690	1	1
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	176.8000	2	2
Thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	176.8000	2	2
Thioredoxin reductase 3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	176.8000	2	2
Translin-associated protein X	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	3.5000	1	1
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fgr	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50	3.5000	1	1
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50	7.5000	1	1
unnamed protein product	Aspergillus oryzae RIB40	IC50	52.7195	2	2
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	0.7900	1	1
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50	1.5400	1	1
Vif	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	IC50	0.4500	1	1

Activation Measurements

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Drugs
Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	45.0000	1	1
Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	15.3144	2	2
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	1.6000	1	1
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	100.0000	1	8
G-protein coupled receptor 35	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	1.5350	2	2
Palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUM	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	45.8000	1	1
Palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUM	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	85.0000	1	1
Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	0.3710	1	1
Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50	377.0000	1	1

Other Measurements

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (mM)	Bioassay(s)	Drugs
Acetylcholinesterase	Electrophorus electricus (electric eel)	EC24	250.0000	1	1
Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)	Affinity constant	30.0000	1	1
Adenosine receptor A1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Kb	60.0000	1	4
Adenosine receptor A1	Homo sapiens (human)	KD hydro	150,000.0000	1	1
Adenosine receptor A2a	Homo sapiens (human)	Affinity constant	30.0000	1	1
Adenosine receptor A2a	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Kb	36.0000	1	1
Adenosine receptor A2a	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ratio	48.0000	1	2
Adenosine receptor A2b	Homo sapiens (human)	Affinity constant	30.0000	1	1
Adenosine receptor A2b	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Kb	25.0000	1	1
Adenosine receptor A2b	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ratio	48.0000	1	2
Adenylate cyclase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Kb	30.0000	1	1
Cholinesterase	Equus caballus (horse)	EC16	250.0000	1	1
Lactoperoxidase	Bos taurus (cattle)	Km	0.3000	1	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	Kb	25.0000	1	1
Vasopressin V2 receptor	Sus scrofa (pig)	Kb	30.0000	1	1