Page last updated: 2024-08-05 15:15:13
food additive
Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance.
ChEBI ID: 64047
Members (5)
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|---|---|
| butylated hydroxytoluene | A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6. | 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol |
| caffeine | A trimethylxanthine in which the three methyl groups are located at positions 1, 3, and 7. A purine alkaloid that occurs naturally in tea and coffee. | caffeine |
| calcium citrate | An organic calcium salt composed of calcium cations and citrate anions in a 3:2 ratio. | calcium citrate |
| decan-4-olide | A gamma-lactone that is oxolan-2-one substituted by a hexyl group at position 5. | gamma-decalactone |
| ellagic acid | An organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the formal dimerisation of gallic acid by oxidative aromatic coupling with intramolecular lactonisation of both carboxylic acid groups of the resulting biaryl. It is found in many fruits and vegetables, including raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, and pomegranates. | ellagic acid |
Research
Studies (25,956)
| Timeframe | Studies, Drugs with This Role(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 7,732 (29.79) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 4,519 (17.41) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 5,147 (19.83) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 6,119 (23.57) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2,439 (9.40) | 2.80 |
Study Types
| Publication Type | Studies, Drugs with this Role (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 2,471 (8.98%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 1,951 (7.09%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 663 (2.41%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 58 (0.21%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 22,363 (81.30%) | 84.16% |
Protein Targets (263)
Potency Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.6362 | 1 | 3 |
| 15-lipoxygenase, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.0119 | 1 | 1 |
| aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.1838 | 1 | 1 |
| apical membrane antigen 1, AMA1 | Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 | Potency | 0.7943 | 1 | 1 |
| AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 43.0258 | 7 | 9 |
| ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase | Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927 | Potency | 29.7528 | 2 | 2 |
| atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 4.7755 | 1 | 1 |
| Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.3221 | 1 | 3 |
| bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.7943 | 1 | 1 |
| Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 47.3732 | 1 | 2 |
| cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.1060 | 1 | 2 |
| Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.4619 | 1 | 3 |
| Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.2233 | 2 | 4 |
| Chain A, Beta-lactamase | Escherichia coli K-12 | Potency | 56.2341 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, HADH2 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.6661 | 2 | 3 |
| Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.7079 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 7.0634 | 3 | 4 |
| Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase | Giardia intestinalis | Potency | 9.9982 | 2 | 4 |
| Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0562 | 2 | 4 |
| Chain B, HADH2 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.6661 | 2 | 3 |
| chromobox protein homolog 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.8342 | 2 | 2 |
| core-binding factor subunit beta isoform 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.3604 | 2 | 2 |
| cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 2.1317 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 56.0031 | 1 | 2 |
| DNA polymerase beta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.3677 | 1 | 3 |
| DNA polymerase eta isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.7943 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.6110 | 1 | 2 |
| DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.2722 | 1 | 4 |
| endonuclease IV | Escherichia coli | Potency | 19.9526 | 1 | 1 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 47.3017 | 6 | 9 |
| estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 61.8773 | 3 | 3 |
| euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 4.4208 | 1 | 4 |
| farnesoid X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 30.3999 | 3 | 3 |
| flap endonuclease 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 36.1898 | 1 | 2 |
| fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A | Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) | Potency | 63.0957 | 1 | 1 |
| geminin | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 7.9144 | 2 | 4 |
| GLI family zinc finger 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 17.9560 | 2 | 2 |
| GLS protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.1498 | 2 | 2 |
| glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens] | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 9.0817 | 2 | 3 |
| Glutamate receptor 1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 0.0141 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutamate receptor 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 27.5812 | 2 | 2 |
| Glutamate receptor 3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 0.0141 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutamate receptor 4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 0.0141 | 1 | 1 |
| glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 79.4328 | 1 | 1 |
| heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.3872 | 1 | 1 |
| heat shock protein beta-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 49.1040 | 1 | 1 |
| hemoglobin subunit beta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Histamine H2 receptor | Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig) | Potency | 19.2242 | 2 | 7 |
| histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.1189 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone H2A.x | Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster) | Potency | 63.1217 | 2 | 3 |
| histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.2202 | 1 | 1 |
| IDH1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.1300 | 1 | 1 |
| importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.8489 | 1 | 1 |
| Inositol monophosphatase 1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 15.8489 | 1 | 1 |
| interleukin 8 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 74.9780 | 1 | 1 |
| lamin isoform A-delta10 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.9811 | 1 | 1 |
| lethal factor (plasmid) | Bacillus anthracis str. A2012 | Potency | 1.0863 | 1 | 3 |
| Luciferase | Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly) | Potency | 23.1481 | 3 | 3 |
| lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 4.4668 | 1 | 1 |
| Microtubule-associated protein tau | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 26.0028 | 2 | 6 |
| mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1 | 1 |
| muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 0.0355 | 1 | 1 |
| muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 79.4328 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.1250 | 3 | 6 |
| nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.1011 | 1 | 3 |
| nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 25.6651 | 1 | 2 |
| nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 48.2643 | 3 | 4 |
| parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 125.8920 | 1 | 1 |
| peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 4.9104 | 1 | 1 |
| phosphoglycerate kinase | Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927 | Potency | 0.8913 | 1 | 1 |
| phosphopantetheinyl transferase | Bacillus subtilis | Potency | 82.6636 | 1 | 3 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.7842 | 1 | 2 |
| potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.2202 | 1 | 1 |
| pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 38.1547 | 2 | 2 |
| Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1 | 1 |
| RAR-related orphan receptor gamma | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 20.3282 | 2 | 4 |
| regulator of G-protein signaling 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 79.4328 | 1 | 1 |
| retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 52.0711 | 3 | 4 |
| retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.3042 | 3 | 9 |
| runt-related transcription factor 1 isoform AML1b | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.3604 | 2 | 2 |
| serine-protein kinase ATM isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1 | 1 |
| serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 17.5582 | 1 | 2 |
| snurportin-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.8489 | 1 | 1 |
| Spike glycoprotein | Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | Potency | 19.9526 | 1 | 1 |
| survival motor neuron protein isoform d | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.7079 | 1 | 1 |
| TDP1 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.6724 | 2 | 3 |
| thioredoxin reductase | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 37.1310 | 2 | 8 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 21.6437 | 2 | 3 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.4149 | 2 | 4 |
| ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.1220 | 1 | 1 |
| USP1 protein, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.4512 | 2 | 2 |
| v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 37.2836 | 2 | 5 |
| vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 55.3026 | 1 | 2 |
| Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 55.1482 | 1 | 1 |
| Vpr | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
Inhibition Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5'-nucleotidase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.8500 | 1 | 1 |
| 5'-nucleotidase | Mus musculus (house mouse) | IC50 | 0.0400 | 1 | 1 |
| acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase/HMG-CoA reductase | Enterococcus faecalis | IC50 | 1,265.3900 | 1 | 1 |
| Acetylcholinesterase | Electrophorus electricus (electric eel) | IC50 | 132.9200 | 1 | 1 |
| Acetylcholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 7.2500 | 1 | 1 |
| Adenosine receptor A1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 113.5000 | 2 | 2 |
| Adenosine receptor A1 | Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig) | Ki | 100.0000 | 5 | 5 |
| Adenosine receptor A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 35.4333 | 15 | 15 |
| Adenosine receptor A1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 35.3392 | 33 | 36 |
| Adenosine receptor A2a | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 20.4720 | 1 | 1 |
| Adenosine receptor A2a | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 63.0000 | 1 | 5 |
| Adenosine receptor A2a | Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig) | Ki | 50.0000 | 3 | 3 |
| Adenosine receptor A2a | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 20.5069 | 21 | 21 |
| Adenosine receptor A2a | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 151.3228 | 27 | 32 |
| Adenosine receptor A2b | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 63.0000 | 1 | 5 |
| Adenosine receptor A2b | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 26.7211 | 19 | 19 |
| Adenosine receptor A2b | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Ki | 23.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Adenosine receptor A2b | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 35.3050 | 15 | 20 |
| Adenosine receptor A3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 34.9750 | 12 | 12 |
| Adenosine receptor A3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 56.6667 | 6 | 6 |
| Aldehyde oxidase 1 | Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig) | Ki | 4.5300 | 1 | 1 |
| Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.2000 | 1 | 1 |
| ALK tyrosine kinase receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 40.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 50.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 50.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 3,700.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| Amyloid-beta precursor protein | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 200.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| Angiopoietin-1 receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.2600 | 1 | 1 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 5,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 133.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Aurora kinase A | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.4800 | 1 | 1 |
| Aurora kinase B | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Beta-secretase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3.9000 | 1 | 1 |
| Bifunctional epoxide hydrolase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 20.7000 | 1 | 1 |
| Bile salt export pump | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 422.6667 | 3 | 3 |
| Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 14,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 70.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 70.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha | Bos taurus (cattle) | IC50 | 0.6000 | 1 | 1 |
| cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.0500 | 2 | 2 |
| cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.0500 | 2 | 2 |
| cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.0500 | 2 | 2 |
| cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 747.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 133.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 28,500.0000 | 1 | 2 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 133.7440 | 4 | 5 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 12 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 9.1250 | 2 | 2 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 13 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 4.2400 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 13 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Ki | 10.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 14 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 8.9100 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 28,500.0000 | 1 | 2 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 91.1620 | 4 | 5 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 10.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 9.0800 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 7.5900 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 12.7000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 7.0600 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 7 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 7.5550 | 2 | 2 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 9 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 44.5850 | 2 | 2 |
| Casein kinase II subunit alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0400 | 3 | 3 |
| Casein kinase II subunit alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.0200 | 1 | 1 |
| Casein kinase II subunit alpha | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 0.0400 | 1 | 1 |
| Casein kinase II subunit alpha' | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0400 | 2 | 2 |
| Casein kinase II subunit beta | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0400 | 2 | 2 |
| Casein kinase II subunit beta | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 0.0400 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Casein kinase II subunit alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.0200 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Chitinase | Clonostachys rosea | Ki | 19,700.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Glycogen Phosphorylase | Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) | Ki | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Chitotriosidase-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 363.0000 | 1 | 2 |
| Cholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 50.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Cruzipain | Trypanosoma cruzi | IC50 | 142.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| Cyclin-A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3.3900 | 1 | 1 |
| Cyclin-A2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3.3900 | 1 | 1 |
| Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3.3900 | 1 | 1 |
| Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.0900 | 1 | 1 |
| Cysteine protease ATG4B | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 4.2500 | 2 | 2 |
| Cytochrome P450 1A2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 110.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Cytochrome P450 2D6 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 4.7700 | 1 | 1 |
| Cytochrome P450 2D6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 1.9500 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.4500 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA polymerase eta | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0620 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA polymerase iota | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0620 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA primase | Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551 | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 10,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| dual specificity protein phosphatase 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.1050 | 2 | 2 |
| dual specificity protein phosphatase 6 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 39.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 40.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | IC50 | 0.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| ELAV-like protein 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.6000 | 1 | 1 |
| Endochitinase B1 | Aspergillus fumigatus | IC50 | 363.0000 | 1 | 2 |
| Ephrin type-B receptor 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.8300 | 1 | 1 |
| Epidermal growth factor receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.6900 | 1 | 1 |
| eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 isoform 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 47.6714 | 1 | 1 |
| eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E isoform 1 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | IC50 | 47.6714 | 1 | 1 |
| Focal adhesion kinase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3.1100 | 1 | 1 |
| G-protein coupled receptor 35 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.1000 | 1 | 1 |
| G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.0900 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 22.8000 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutathione S-transferase | Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 | IC50 | 74.4000 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutathione S-transferase P | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 63.5500 | 2 | 2 |
| Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 648.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form | Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) | IC50 | 159.1933 | 13 | 15 |
| Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 182.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 7.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Guanine deaminase | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 10.2000 | 1 | 1 |
| heat shock 70kDa protein 1A | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 66.9200 | 3 | 3 |
| heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 99.6000 | 2 | 2 |
| heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein isoform 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 99.6000 | 2 | 2 |
| Hepatocyte growth factor receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.5800 | 1 | 1 |
| Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.9800 | 1 | 1 |
| Insulin receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.3400 | 1 | 1 |
| Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.2500 | 1 | 1 |
| Integrase | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | IC50 | 5.1000 | 2 | 2 |
| likely tRNA 2'-phosphotransferase | Candida albicans SC5314 | IC50 | 0.2913 | 2 | 2 |
| M17 leucyl aminopeptidase | Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 | IC50 | 138.0800 | 1 | 1 |
| Macrophage migration inhibitory factor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 4.7700 | 1 | 1 |
| Macrophage migration inhibitory factor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 1.9500 | 1 | 1 |
| Mcl-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 27.2850 | 2 | 2 |
| Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.3700 | 1 | 1 |
| mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.1420 | 1 | 1 |
| Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 133.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 0.5700 | 1 | 4 |
| Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 0.5700 | 1 | 3 |
| Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 0.5700 | 1 | 3 |
| Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 0.5700 | 1 | 3 |
| Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 0.5700 | 1 | 3 |
| NUAK family SNF1-like kinase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.5100 | 1 | 1 |
| Nucleophosmin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 40.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUM | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 18.6000 | 1 | 1 |
| Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3,630.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Phosphodiesterase | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 70.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.7200 | 2 | 2 |
| Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase receptor Ret | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 40.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.4667 | 3 | 3 |
| RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3.3400 | 1 | 1 |
| Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3.5400 | 1 | 1 |
| Receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 40.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Renin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.9800 | 1 | 1 |
| Renin | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 15.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Replicase polyprotein 1ab | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Replicase polyprotein 1ab | Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Serine-protein kinase ATM | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 200.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1,100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.7600 | 1 | 1 |
| Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 400.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3.3400 | 1 | 1 |
| Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK4 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.9700 | 1 | 1 |
| Solute carrier family 22 member 6 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.2700 | 1 | 1 |
| Squalene monooxygenase | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 2.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tat | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | IC50 | 1.6690 | 1 | 1 |
| Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 176.8000 | 2 | 2 |
| Thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 176.8000 | 2 | 2 |
| Thioredoxin reductase 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 176.8000 | 2 | 2 |
| Translin-associated protein X | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tyrosine-protein kinase Fgr | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 3.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 7.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| unnamed protein product | Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 | IC50 | 52.7195 | 2 | 2 |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.7900 | 1 | 1 |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.5400 | 1 | 1 |
| Vif | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | IC50 | 0.4500 | 1 | 1 |
Activation Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adenosine receptor A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 45.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Adenosine receptor A2a | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 15.3144 | 2 | 2 |
| Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 1.6000 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 100.0000 | 1 | 8 |
| G-protein coupled receptor 35 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 1.5350 | 2 | 2 |
| Palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUM | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 45.8000 | 1 | 1 |
| Palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUM | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 85.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 0.3710 | 1 | 1 |
| Potassium channel subfamily K member 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 377.0000 | 1 | 1 |
Other Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetylcholinesterase | Electrophorus electricus (electric eel) | EC24 | 250.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Adenosine receptor A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Affinity constant | 30.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Adenosine receptor A1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Kb | 60.0000 | 1 | 4 |
| Adenosine receptor A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | KD hydro | 150,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Adenosine receptor A2a | Homo sapiens (human) | Affinity constant | 30.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Adenosine receptor A2a | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Kb | 36.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Adenosine receptor A2a | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ratio | 48.0000 | 1 | 2 |
| Adenosine receptor A2b | Homo sapiens (human) | Affinity constant | 30.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Adenosine receptor A2b | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Kb | 25.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Adenosine receptor A2b | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ratio | 48.0000 | 1 | 2 |
| Adenylate cyclase type 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Kb | 30.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Cholinesterase | Equus caballus (horse) | EC16 | 250.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Lactoperoxidase | Bos taurus (cattle) | Km | 0.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor | Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig) | Kb | 25.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Vasopressin V2 receptor | Sus scrofa (pig) | Kb | 30.0000 | 1 | 1 |