glutamic acid has been researched along with chlorine in 355 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 86 (24.23) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 86 (24.23) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 123 (34.65) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 48 (13.52) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 12 (3.38) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Arena, JP; Cully, DF; Liu, KK; Paress, PS; Schaeffer, JM | 1 |
| Baquet, A; Gustafson, L; Hue, L; Meijer, AJ; van Woerkom, GM | 1 |
| Lieberman, EM; Sanzenbacher, E | 1 |
| Jennings, ML; Smith, JS | 1 |
| Kish, PE; Tabb, JS; Ueda, T; Van Dyke, R | 1 |
| Avanzini, G; Bugiani, O; Franceschetti, S; Panzica, F | 1 |
| Gutmann, M; Hoischen, C; Krämer, R | 1 |
| Fain, GL; Yazejian, B | 1 |
| Kaila, K; Pasternack, M; Rydqvist, B | 1 |
| Garcia-Ladona, FJ; Girard, C; Gombos, G; Palacios, JM | 1 |
| Baba, A; Iwata, H; Koyama, Y; Shigenaga, Y; Sugimoto, T | 1 |
| Ahearn, GA; Balon, LM | 1 |
| Albrecht, J; Dutton, GR; Norenberg, MD; Simmons, M | 1 |
| Cheun, JE; Moises, HC; Waterhouse, BD; Woodward, DJ; Yeh, HH | 1 |
| Hell, JW; Jahn, R; Maycox, PR | 1 |
| McMillian, M; Miller, LG; Schatzki, A | 1 |
| Flott, B; Seifert, W | 1 |
| Choquet, CG; Kushner, DJ | 1 |
| McCaslin, PP; Smith, TG | 1 |
| Anderson, KJ; Bridges, RJ; Cotman, CW; Monaghan, DT; Tavoularis, AL | 1 |
| Churcher, Y; Gomperts, BD | 1 |
| Aihara, H; Kurachi, M | 1 |
| Evans, MG; Marty, A | 1 |
| Dudel, J; Franke, C; Hatt, H | 1 |
| Berry, BW; Boland, LM; Dingledine, R; Hoch, DB | 1 |
| Christensen, H; Fonnum, F; Fykse, EM | 1 |
| Yang, J; Zorumski, CF | 1 |
| Dudel, J; Franke, C; Hatt, H; Usherwood, PN | 1 |
| Carpenter, DO; King, WM | 1 |
| Baba, A; Iwata, H; Koyama, Y | 2 |
| Choquet, CG; Kamekura, M; Kushner, DJ | 1 |
| Cohen, FS; Cramer, WA; Nakazawa, A; Peterson, AA; Shirabe, K; Shiver, JW; Xu, S | 1 |
| Cidon, S; Sihra, TS | 1 |
| Brose, N; Halpain, S; Jahn, R; Suchanek, C | 1 |
| Griep, MA; McHenry, CS | 1 |
| Ahearn, GA; Romano, PM; Storelli, C | 1 |
| Barron, KD; Cragoe, EJ; Kimelberg, HK; Rose, JW; Waniewski, RA | 1 |
| Naito, S; Ueda, T | 1 |
| Connors, BW; Kriegstein, AR | 1 |
| Kaplunenko, NA; Podgornaia, LA | 1 |
| Carlin, R; Siekevitz, P; Wu, K | 1 |
| Baudry, M; Cummins, JT; Kessler, M; Lynch, G; Way, S | 1 |
| Errami, M; Nieoullon, A | 1 |
| Braestrup, C; Drejer, J; Honoré, T; Nielsen, M | 1 |
| Labruyere, J; Olney, JW; Price, MT; Samson, L | 1 |
| Wieloch, T | 1 |
| Beart, PM; Manallack, DT | 1 |
| Gullak, MF; Mena, EE; Pagnozzi, MJ | 1 |
| Quinn, MR; Spraguer, PA | 1 |
| Bustos, G; Fiedler, JL; Inestrosa, NC | 1 |
| Abdullaeva, EA; Kadyrov, GK | 1 |
| Ogita, K; Yoneda, Y | 2 |
| Seidman, BC; Verity, MA | 1 |
| Baudry, M; Kessler, M; Lynch, G; Petersen, G; Vu, HM | 1 |
| Choi, DW | 1 |
| Chiu, TH; Ito, M; Rosenberg, HC; Yu, O | 1 |
| Bockaert, J; Pin, JP; Recasens, M; Rumigny, JF | 1 |
| Bridges, RJ; Cotman, CW; Kadri, M; Nieto-Sampedro, M | 1 |
| Bockaert, J; Pin, JP; Recasens, M | 1 |
| Arlis, S; Coyle, JT; Drucker, H; Markl, A; Murphy, T; Zaczek, R | 1 |
| Duchatelle, P; Joffre, M | 1 |
| Ahnert-Hilger, G; Gratzl, M | 1 |
| Bridges, RJ; Broderick, JT; Cotman, CW; Kesslak, JP; Nieto-Sampedro, M; Yu, J | 1 |
| Kanner, BI; Schuldiner, S | 1 |
| Pan-Hou, H; Suda, Y | 1 |
| Akaike, N; Ikemoto, Y; Ono, K | 1 |
| de Mello, FG; de Mello, MC; Klein, WL | 1 |
| Cowburn, RF; Hardy, JA; Roberts, PJ | 1 |
| Kamo, N; Kobatake, Y; Kohno, K; Wakamatsu, Y | 1 |
| Baba, A; Iwata, H; Nishiuchi, Y; Tatsuno, T; Uemura, A | 1 |
| Acevedo, M; Armstrong, WM; Corcia, A; Lyall, V | 1 |
| Cha, JH; Greenamyre, JT; Nielsen, EO; Penney, JB; Young, AB | 1 |
| Celentano, JJ; Farb, DH; Gibbs, TT | 1 |
| Fischer-Bovenkerk, C; Kish, PE; Ueda, T | 1 |
| Attwell, D; Barbour, B; Brew, H | 1 |
| Mitchell, CK; Redburn, DA | 1 |
| Halpain, S; McEwen, BS | 1 |
| Barker, JL; Harrison, NL | 1 |
| Davison, AN; Lai, JC; Lim, L; Wong, PC | 1 |
| Hattori, Y; Hori, Y; Inaba, K | 1 |
| Hertz, L | 1 |
| Cotman, CW; Fagg, GE; Foster, AC; Mena, EE | 2 |
| Cotman, CW; Fagg, GE; Mena, EE | 1 |
| Gerasimov, VD | 2 |
| Hackstadt, T; Williams, JC | 1 |
| Corcelli, A; Storelli, C | 1 |
| Hattori, Y; Hori, Y; Inaba, K; Moriwaki, A; Nishida, N; Yasuhara, H | 1 |
| Fonnum, F | 1 |
| Butcher, SP; Collins, JF; Roberts, PJ | 1 |
| Boakes, RJ; Dodd, PR; Edwardson, JA; Hardy, JA; Kidd, AM; Thomas, DJ; Turner, J; Virmani, M | 1 |
| Coyle, JT; Koller, KJ | 1 |
| Reichenbach, A | 1 |
| Larder, AP; McLennan, H | 1 |
| Kamekura, M; Kushner, DJ | 1 |
| Barker, JL; Segal, M | 1 |
| Fagg, GE; Matus, A | 1 |
| Cotman, CW; Mena, EE; Monaghan, DT; Whittemore, SR | 1 |
| Martin, DL; Waniewski, RA | 1 |
| Brammer, MJ; Cordeiro, MN; Diniz, CR; Gomez, MV; Ribeiro, AM; Ribeiro-Santos, R; Romano-Silva, MA | 1 |
| Dowling, JE; Grant, GB | 1 |
| Amara, SG; Kavanaugh, MP; Wadiche, JI | 1 |
| Baba, A; Ishibashi, T; Koyama, Y | 1 |
| Korpi, ER; Wegelius, K | 1 |
| Aranibar, N; Kang, D; Karbach, D; Müller-Berger, S; Passow, H; Rüterjans, H; Wood, PG | 1 |
| Castellino, FJ; McCance, SG | 1 |
| Diener, M; Scharrer, E | 1 |
| Akaike, A; Honda, Y; Kashii, S; Kikuchi, M; Sasa, M; Tamura, Y; Ujihara, H | 1 |
| Bendahan, A; Kanner, BI; Keshet, GI; Lester, HA; Mager, S; Su, H | 1 |
| Palacín, M; Testar, X; Viñals, F; Zorzano, A | 1 |
| Baethmann, A; Kempski, O; Peters, J; Schneider, GH; Schürer, L; Staub, F | 1 |
| Haeggström, JZ; Medina, JF; Samuelsson, B; Wetterholm, A | 1 |
| Hinton, DM; March-Amegadzie, R | 1 |
| Baquet, A; Bollen, M; Gaussin, V; Hue, L; Stalmans, W | 1 |
| Ishita, S; Kato, S; Mawatari, K; Sugawara, K | 1 |
| Lehmann, A; Puka, M | 1 |
| McDonald, JW; Schoepp, DD; Wright, RA | 1 |
| Calissano, P; Ciotti, MT; Merlo, D; Volonté, C | 1 |
| Bennett, DJ; Shank, RP | 1 |
| Albrecht, GJ; Beck, FX; Dörge, A; Sone, M; Thurau, K | 1 |
| Choi, DW; Goldberg, MP | 1 |
| Couraud, F; Grignon, S; Seagar, MJ | 1 |
| Baba, A; Ishibashi, T; Iwata, H; Koyama, Y | 1 |
| Marchand, AR; Pearlstein, E | 1 |
| Kinne, RK; Kinne-Saffran, E; Schütz, H | 1 |
| Faber, DS; Pereda, AE | 1 |
| Hodges, RS; Monera, OD; Privalov, PL; Yu, Y | 1 |
| Eliasof, S; Jahr, CE | 1 |
| de Meis, L; de Souza, DO; Wolosker, H | 1 |
| Hurnák, O; Zachar, J | 1 |
| Kaneko, A; Sasaki, T | 1 |
| Liu, Y; von Euler, G | 1 |
| Martin, RJ | 1 |
| Hashimoto, M; Takahashi, M | 2 |
| Cleland, TA | 1 |
| Grant, GB; Larsson, HP; Lecar, H; Picaud, SA; Werblin, FS | 1 |
| Miller, RF; Nitzan, R; Thoreson, WB | 1 |
| Clague, MJ; Prior, IA | 1 |
| Koretsky, AP; Lin, YJ | 1 |
| Bidet, M; Bohn, MT; De Renzis, G; Poujeol, C; Poujeol, P; Rubera, I; Tauc, M | 1 |
| Brands, JR; Burghoorn, J; Kok, J; Leenhouts, K; Sanders, JW; Venema, G | 1 |
| Berg-Johnsen, J; Grøndahl, TO; Langmoen, IA | 1 |
| Bender, AS; Norenberg, MD; Reichelt, W; Schousboe, A | 1 |
| Chen, ST; Garey, LJ; Jen, LS; Malik, Q; Patel, AJ | 1 |
| Ozkan, ED; Ueda, T | 1 |
| Garber, SS; Levitan, I | 1 |
| Bévengut, M; Cattaert, D; Pearlstein, E; Watson, AH | 1 |
| Clarke, SM; Eaton-Rye, JJ; Morgan, TR; Shand, JA | 1 |
| Sakmann, B; Wollmuth, LP | 1 |
| Furuta, A; Jin, L; Kavanaugh, MP; Lin, CL; Rothstein, JD; Tzingounis, AV | 1 |
| Mocci, I; Ruiu, S; Saba, P; Vaccari, A | 2 |
| Munck, BG; Munck, LK | 1 |
| Accardi, A; Carpaneto, A; Gambale, F; Pisciotta, M | 1 |
| Naumenko, NV; Nikolsky, EE; Urazaev, AK; Vyskocil, F | 1 |
| González, MP; Herrero, MT; López, E; Oset-Gasque, MJ; Vicente, S | 1 |
| O'Regan, MH; Phillis, JW; Song, D | 1 |
| Baldwin, GS; Halford, SE; Stanford, NP | 1 |
| Cummins, PM; Glucksman, MJ; Margulies, EH; Pabon, A | 1 |
| Sah, R; Schwartz-Bloom, RD | 1 |
| Cooke, IM; Duan, S | 1 |
| Miller, WL; Sigvardt, KA | 1 |
| Garcin, E; Madern, D; Richard, SB; Zaccai, G | 1 |
| Dave, KR; Katyare, SS; Swegert, CV | 1 |
| Harris, TK; Massiah, MA; Mildvan, AS; Wu, G | 1 |
| Bienengraeber, M; Echtay, KS; Klingenberg, M; Winkler, E | 1 |
| Connaughton, VP; Nelson, R | 1 |
| Lallès, JP; Montagne, L; Toullec, R | 1 |
| Ambrosioni, A; Bassotti, A; Corbetta, C; Fiori, S; Giunta, A; Padoan, R; Prandoni, S; Rajnoldi, AC; Seia, M | 1 |
| Farage, M; Reis, M; Wolosker, H | 1 |
| Adam, G; Kratzeisen, C; Lundstrom, K; Malherbe, P; Mutel, V; Ohresser, S; Schweitzer, C; Stadler, H; Wichmann, J; Woltering, T | 1 |
| Bellocchio, EE; Edwards, RH; Fremeau, RT; Reimer, RJ | 1 |
| Burnel, D; Cunat, L; Joyeux, M; Lanhers, MC | 1 |
| Chen, WQ; Chiang, LY; Jin, H; Schloss, JV; Tang, XW; Wu, JY; Yang, CY | 1 |
| Bock, PE; Boxrud, PD | 1 |
| Kehoe, J; Vulfius, C | 1 |
| Nässel, DR; Wegener, C | 1 |
| Barat, A; Burgos, JS; Ramirez, G | 1 |
| Forsythe, ID; Owens, S; Smith, AJ | 1 |
| Bräuner-Osborne, H; Jensen, AA; Jensen, LB; O'Hara, PJ; Sheppard, PO | 1 |
| Gao, XB; van den Pol , AN | 1 |
| Gether, U; Klaerke, DA; MacAulay, N; Zeuthen, T | 1 |
| Savić, N; Sciancalepore, M | 1 |
| Trussell, LO; Turecek, R | 1 |
| Gochenauer, GE; Robinson, MB | 1 |
| Kufryk, GI; Vermaas, WF | 1 |
| Doi, T; Mitsuyama, Y; Tokumaru, J; Ueda, Y; Willmore, LJ | 1 |
| Hattori, N; Inagaki, C; Irie, T; Kitagawa, K; Wu, B; Yagyu, K; Zeng, XT | 1 |
| Akaike, N; Jang, IS; Jeong, HJ | 1 |
| Aberg, ND; Eriksson, PS; Hansson, E; Leonova, J; Rönnbäck, L; Thorlin, T | 1 |
| Erickson, JD; Schäfer, MK; Varoqui, H; Weihe, E; Zhu, H | 1 |
| Akemann, W; Diez-Garcia, J; Grandes, P; Ho, CS; Itohara, S; Iwasato, T; Joho, RH; Knöpfel, T; Matsushita, S; Metzger, F; Repunte-Canonigo, V | 1 |
| Flagella, M; Kintner, DB; Shull, GE; Su, G; Sun, D | 1 |
| Lazarova, T; Padrós, E; Querol, E; Sanz, C; Sepulcre, F | 1 |
| Burrow, MF; Kubo, S; Sakoolnamarka, R; Tyas, MJ | 1 |
| Callender, R; Deng, H; Nguyen, KT; Pei, D; Zhu, J | 1 |
| Anderson, DJ; Davidson, N; Lester, HA; McKinney, S; Slimko, EM | 1 |
| Borre, L; Kanner, BI | 1 |
| Ding, YF; Dong, L; Gao, F; Gao, Z; Ma, XL; Pei, JM; Wang, YM; Zhang, XD; Zhou, SS | 1 |
| Accardi, A; Iverson, TM; Iyer, R; Miller, C | 1 |
| Garber, SS; Hoffman, MM | 2 |
| Aoki, I; Ebisu, T; Fukuda, K; Fukunaga, M; Koretsky, AP; Naruse, S; Silva, AC; Takegami, T; Tanaka, C; Umeda, M | 1 |
| Hattori, N; Inagaki, C; Kitagawa, K; Wu, B; Yagyu, K; Zhang, NY | 1 |
| DeLorenzo, RJ; Limbrick, DD; Sombati, S | 1 |
| Cordes, KS; Salhany, JM; Sloan, RL | 1 |
| Vyskocil, F | 2 |
| Fukuda, A; Hashimoto, K; Ikeda, M; Ohno, K; Okabe, A; Sato, K; Toyoda, H; Yamada, J | 1 |
| Greer, JJ; Ren, J | 1 |
| Chatterjee, AK; Nayak, P | 1 |
| Bender, AM; Connaughton, VP; Nelson, R | 1 |
| Beck, J; Kintner, DB; Lenart, B; Sun, D | 1 |
| Wine, JJ | 1 |
| Isa, T; Yamashita, T | 1 |
| FEREN, CJ; HEDRICK, LR | 1 |
| SZAIMI, T; TOMITA, T | 1 |
| SCHOFFENIELS, E | 1 |
| Park, C; Shin, D | 1 |
| Catalán, M; Cid, LP; Niemeyer, MI; Sepúlveda, FV; Zúñiga, L | 1 |
| Minami, A; Oku, N; Seki, Y; Takeda, A | 1 |
| Mitrovic, AD; Ryan, RM; Vandenberg, RJ | 1 |
| Herink, J | 1 |
| Cavarra, MS; del Mónaco, SM; Kotsias, BA | 1 |
| De Zeeuw, CI; Knöpfel, T; Matsushita, S; Slemmer, JE; Weber, JT | 1 |
| Busath, DD; Henderson, D; Ramakrishnan, V | 1 |
| Gincel, D; Shoshan-Barmatz, V; Silberberg, SD | 1 |
| Inagaki, C; Iwata, R; Kitagawa, K; Wu, B; Zhang, NY | 1 |
| Beck, TL; Kuang, Z; Mahankali, U; Yin, J | 1 |
| Berkowitz, ML; Bostick, DL | 1 |
| Foster, JW | 1 |
| Basso, LA; Canduri, F; de Azevedo, WF; de Oliveira, JS; Dias, MV; Palma, MS; Pereira, JH; Santos, DS | 1 |
| Babot, Z; Fonfría, E; Rodríguez-Farré, E; Suñol, C; Vilaró, MT | 1 |
| Babot, Z; Cristòfol, R; Suñol, C | 1 |
| Deuchars, J; Deuchars, SA; Milligan, CJ; Stornetta, RL | 1 |
| Fei, J; Schwarz, W; Zhu, Y | 1 |
| Furtmüller, PG; Jakopitsch, C; Jantschko, W; Moguilevsky, N; Neugschwandtner, K; Obinger, C; Zederbauer, M | 1 |
| Bisset, D; Chung, SH; Corry, B | 1 |
| Ahnert-Hilger, G; Birnbaumer, L; Brunk, I; Höltje, M; Jahn, R; Jiang, M; Peter, JU; Takamori, S; Walther, DJ; Winter, S | 1 |
| Cousin, MA; Evans, GJ; Smillie, KJ | 1 |
| Aschner, JL; Aschner, M; Fitsanakis, V; Mutkus, L | 1 |
| Citterio, D; Hagiwara, M; Ikeda, A; Ishihara, S; Maruyama, K; Suzuki, K | 1 |
| Holden-Dye, L; Walker, RJ | 1 |
| Ferdani, R; Gokel, GW; You, L | 1 |
| Inagaki, C; Kitagawa, K; Otani, H; Wu, B; Xiong, ZM; Zhang, NY | 1 |
| Chen, CJ; Chiang, AN; Huang, YS; Liao, SL; Lin, SY; Ou, YC | 1 |
| Vandenberg, RJ | 1 |
| Inoue, H; Liu, HT; Okada, Y; Sabirov, RZ; Tashmukhamedov, BA | 1 |
| Müller, V; Oesterhelt, D; Palm, P; Pfeiffer, F; Saum, SH; Sydow, JF | 1 |
| Bindokas, V; Deriy, LV; Foss, S; Huang, P; Kaetzel, MA; Lamb, FS; Marks, JD; Nelson, DJ; Wang, XQ | 1 |
| Juge, N; Moriyama, Y; Omote, H; Yatsushiro, S; Yoshida, Y | 1 |
| MacVicar, BA; Mulligan, SJ | 1 |
| Price, GD; Trussell, LO | 1 |
| Hattori, N; Inagaki, C; Kitagawa, K; Li, T; Nakayama, Y; Xiong, ZM | 1 |
| DeLorenzo, RJ; Deshpande, LS; Limbrick, DD; Sombati, S | 1 |
| Doi, T; Nagatomo, K; Nakajima, A; Ueda, Y; Willmore, LJ | 1 |
| Ye, JH | 1 |
| Edwards, RH | 1 |
| Collins, MM; Filali, MS; Lamb, FS; Matsuda, JJ; Moreland, JG; Volk, KA | 1 |
| Jia, K; Xu, B; Xu, Z | 1 |
| Alper, SL; Barry, PN; Chernova, MN; Jennings, ML; Stewart, AK | 1 |
| Bhasin, KK; Mehta, SK; Suri, CR; Wangoo, N | 1 |
| de la Cal, C; De Laurentiis, A; Dees, WL; Fernández-Solari, J; Mohn, CE; Prestifilippo, JP; Rettori, V; Reynoso, R | 1 |
| Molchanova, SM; Oja, SS; Saransaari, P | 1 |
| Draguhn, A; Kolbaev, S | 1 |
| Itoh, H; Oku, N; Takeda, A; Tamano, H | 1 |
| Brodwick, M; Ishibashi, H; Kitamura, A; Nabekura, J; Takatsuru, Y; Watanabe, M | 1 |
| Hille, B; Kim, MH; Koh, DS; Moriyama, Y; Muroyama, A; Uehara, S | 1 |
| Fleming, R; Li, Q; Madison, RD; Swartzwelder, HS; Wilson, WA; Yan, H | 1 |
| Lim, HH; Miller, C | 1 |
| Briones, R; Cid, LP; Niemeyer, MI; Sepúlveda, FV; Yusef, YR | 1 |
| Brose, N; Schenck, S; Takamori, S; Wojcik, SM | 1 |
| Schweizer, FE | 1 |
| Pusch, M; Zifarelli, G | 1 |
| Dong, XX; Qin, ZH; Wang, Y | 1 |
| Brill, J; Huguenard, JR | 1 |
| Deng, X; Deng, Y; Gao, J; Tian, Y; Xin, X; Xu, B; Xu, Z | 1 |
| Héja, L; Kardos, J; Lasztóczi, B; Nyitrai, G | 1 |
| Armengaud, C; Dupuis, JP; El Hassani, AK; Gauthier, M | 1 |
| Collins, MM; Filali, MS; Lamb, FS; Matsuda, JJ; Volk, KA | 1 |
| Bell, JD; Frost, GS; Goldstone, AP; Hankir, M; Herlihy, AH; Kuo, YT; Parkinson, JR; So, PW; Wasserfall, C; Yu, WS | 1 |
| Chuhma, N; Edwards, RH; Goh, GY; Hnasko, TS; Palmiter, RD; Rayport, S; Sulzer, D; Zhang, H | 1 |
| Fedorovich, SV; Waseem, TV | 1 |
| Accardi, A; Malvezzi, M; Picollo, A | 1 |
| Baker, JT; Datta, K; Deredge, DJ; Licata, VJ | 1 |
| Liu, J; Wang, YT; Wu, DC | 1 |
| Edwards, RH; Gray, JA; Hara, C; Inoue, T; Juge, N; Miyaji, T; Moriyama, Y; Nicoll, RA; Omote, H; Uneyama, H | 1 |
| Campbell, EB; Feng, L; Hsiung, Y; MacKinnon, R | 1 |
| Mindell, JA | 1 |
| Bains, JS; Wamsteeker, JI | 1 |
| Ayed, A; Gasmi, N; Kallel, H; Nicaud, JM | 1 |
| Canepari, M; Gerharz, S; Graham, J; Vogt, KE | 1 |
| Edwards, RH; Hnasko, TS | 1 |
| Franke, C; Hatt, H; Zufall, F | 1 |
| Dmitriev, AV; Gavrikov, KE; Mangel, SC | 1 |
| Compan, V; Ma, W; Martin, E; North, RA; Surprenant, A; Verkhratsky, A; Zheng, W | 1 |
| Deng, ZY; Hu, JN; Li, J; Wu, X | 1 |
| Deng, Y; Feng, W; Tian, Y; Xu, B; Xu, D; Xu, Z | 1 |
| Burdzhanadze, MA; Dashniani, MG; Kruashvili, LB; Naneĭshvili, TL; Sephashvili, MM | 1 |
| Blenau, W; Schewe, B; Walz, B | 1 |
| Cheng, MH; Coalson, RD | 1 |
| Aschner, M; Lee, E; Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz, M | 1 |
| Byun, HS; Chen, H; Chen, SR; Han, HD; Li, L; Lopez-Berestein, G; Pan, HL; Sood, AK; Zhou, HY | 1 |
| Batista, Ede J; Crespo-López, ME; Grisolia, AB; Herculano, AM; Maximino, C; Moraes, ER; Oliveira, KR; Picanço-Diniz, DL | 1 |
| Brammer, AE; Lim, HH; Matulef, K; Phillips, S; Rodriguez, L; Stary-Weinzinger, A | 1 |
| Bashir, ZI; Crabtree, JW; Isaac, JT; Lodge, D | 1 |
| Amakhin, DV; Malkiel', AI; Popov, VA; Veselkin, NP | 1 |
| Davies, PA; Deeb, TZ; Frost, GD; Moss, SJ; Nakamura, Y | 1 |
| Green, T; Mayans, O; Nayeem, N | 1 |
| Mishra, M; Mukherjee, S; Sharma, D; Singh, R | 1 |
| Bennetts, B; Parker, MW | 1 |
| Ahnert-Hilger, G; Jahn, R; Preobraschenski, J; Suzuki, T; Zander, JF | 1 |
| Accardi, A | 1 |
| Kamermans, M; Vroman, R | 1 |
| Bowman-Dalley, C; DiRaddo, JO; Grajkowska, E; Javidnia, M; Liotta, DC; Miller, EJ; Wolfe, BB; Wroblewska, B; Wroblewski, JT | 1 |
| Kabakov, AY; Rosenberg, PA | 1 |
| Arreola, J; Castro-Chong, A; De Jesús-Pérez, JJ; De Santiago-Castillo, JA; Hernández-Carballo, CY; Shieh, RC | 1 |
| Ikeda, K; Ohashi, K; Otsubo, T; Shakushi, Y; Takeda, A; Tamano, H; Uematsu, C; Watanabe, M | 1 |
| Kerr, BJ; Yousuf, MS | 1 |
| Abd El-Hamid, DH; Abdel-Rahman, MS; Abdel-Zaher, AO; Hamdy, MM | 1 |
| Kalita, J; Mishra, A; Misra, UK; Shukla, S; Tiwari, HS | 1 |
| Chen, JW; Deng, XF; Jiang, YM; Li, SJ; Li, Y; Luo, YN; Mo, YH; Ou, CY; Ou, SY; Yuan, ZX | 1 |
| Chenal, C; Gunner, MR | 1 |
| Ao, Q; Cai, H; Guo, S; He, Y; Li, X; Liang, B; Liang, Z; Liu, X; Lu, C; Meng, Z; Mo, L; Tang, S; Wang, X; Wei, X; Xiao, D; Xu, Y | 1 |
| Chang, R; Edwards, RH; Eriksen, J | 1 |
| Acher, F; Baik, H; Cabayé, A; Cao, AM; Goudet, C; Malhaire, F; Margeat, E; Olofsson, L; Pin, JP; Rondard, P; Rovira, X; Scholler, P; Smolders, I; Tora, AS; Van Eeckhaut, A | 1 |
| Bahramnejad, E; Dehpour, AR; Faghir-Ghanesefat, H; Hassanipour, M; Pourshadi, N; Rahimi, N; Yarmohammadi, F | 1 |
| Goldman, A; Holmes, AOM; Pavić, A; Postis, VLG | 1 |
| Edwards, RH; Eriksen, J; Li, F | 1 |
| Bowen, A; Bulkley, D; Chang, R; Cheng, Y; Edwards, RH; Eriksen, J; Finer-Moore, J; Li, F; Myasnikov, A; Nguyen, P; Stroud, RM; Yu, Z | 1 |
| Andrés, Z; Bradamante, G; Köster, P; Kudla, J; Lampou, K; Schumacher, K; Waadt, C; Waadt, R | 1 |
| Du, J; Lü, W; Osei-Owusu, J; Qiu, Z; Ruan, Z | 1 |
| Chen, TY; Fairclough, RH; Kwon, HC; Yu, Y | 1 |
| Cater, RJ; Chen, I; Font, J; Pant, S; Ryan, RM; Sobti, M; Stewart, AG; Tajkhorshid, E; Vandenberg, RJ; Wu, Q | 1 |
| Edwards, RH; Eriksen, J; Li, F; Stroud, RM | 1 |
| O'Halloran, DM | 1 |
| Pant, S; Ryan, R; Tajkhorshid, E; Wu, Q | 1 |
| Mehrnejad, F; Rostamipour, K; Talandashti, R | 1 |
| Kittredge, A; Owji, AP; Wang, J; Yang, T; Yu, K; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Chiu, YH; Wu, YL; Yang, AH | 1 |
| Aĭrapetian, SN; Karpenter, DO; King, MV | 1 |
| Alesiani, M; Carlà, V; Cherici, G; Galli, A; Mori, F; Moroni, F; Pecorari, R; Pellicciari, R | 1 |
| Belyĭ, AA | 1 |
| Mateu, G; Privat, A; Thibault, J; Vignon, J | 1 |
| Asami, K; Nagai, Y; Nagaoka, Y; Okazaki, T | 1 |
| Conesa, A; Hager, LP; Punt, PJ; Yi, X | 1 |
| Dudel, J; Schramm, M | 1 |
| Fei, J; Guo, L; Schwarz, W; Vasilets, LA; Zhu, Y | 1 |
| Cory, SM; Glavinović, MI; Liu, Y | 1 |
| Coorey, N; Kuyucak, S; Wijesinghe, R | 1 |
| Dong, C; Ernyei, AJ; Flecks, S; Naismith, JH; Patallo, EP; Schneider, A; Seifert, G; van Pée, KH; Zhu, X | 1 |
25 review(s) available for glutamic acid and chlorine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
The cerebellar norepinephrine system: inhibition, modulation, and gating.
Topics: Action Potentials; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Cerebellum; Chlorides; Cyclic AMP; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Ion Channel Gating; Iontophoresis; Locus Coeruleus; Models, Neurological; Motion Perception; Norepinephrine; Photic Stimulation; Purkinje Cells; Rats; Second Messenger Systems; Synaptic Transmission | 1991 |
Neurochemical correlates to selective neuronal vulnerability.
Topics: Adenosine; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain Diseases; Brain Ischemia; Calcium; Chlorides; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hypoglycemia; Models, Biological; Neural Inhibition; Neurochemistry; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Norepinephrine; Parasympathomimetics; Quinolinic Acid; Quinolinic Acids; Rats | 1985 |
Mechanism of transport and storage of neurotransmitters.
Topics: Amines; Animals; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Chlorides; Electrochemistry; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Neurotransmitter Agents; Potassium; Protons; Sodium | 1987 |
Rheogenic transport of basic and acidic amino acids across the brush border of Necturus small intestine.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Biological Transport; Chlorides; Electrophysiology; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Intestine, Small; Lysine; Microvilli; Necturus; Sodium | 1988 |
Features of astrocytic function apparently involved in the response of central nervous tissue to ischemia-hypoxia.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Bicarbonates; Biological Transport, Active; Brain Ischemia; Carbon Dioxide; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Hypoxia, Brain; Ion Exchange; Neurons; Oxygen Consumption; Potassium; Rats; Sodium; Water | 1981 |
Glutamate: a neurotransmitter in mammalian brain.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Calcium; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Kinetics; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Sodium; Subcellular Fractions; Synapses | 1984 |
Novel structural and functional properties of leukotriene A4 hydrolase. Implications for the development of enzyme inhibitors.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Binding Sites; Chlorides; Epoxide Hydrolases; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Structure-Activity Relationship; Zinc | 1994 |
Inhibitory glutamate receptor channels.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Evolution, Molecular; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Gene Expression; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Invertebrates; Ion Channel Gating; Molecular Sequence Data; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Phylogeny; Potassium; Potassium Channels; Receptors, Glutamate; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Vertebrates | 1996 |
Glutamate transport and storage in synaptic vesicles.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Molecular Sequence Data; Synaptic Vesicles | 1998 |
The dual-function glutamate transporters: structure and molecular characterisation of the substrate-binding sites.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Arginine; Binding Sites; Chlorides; Cloning, Molecular; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamic Acid; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Sodium | 2002 |
[Early post-denervation depolarization: effect of NO, acetylcholine and glutamate on chloride transporter].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Chlorides; Electrophysiology; Glutamic Acid; Ion Transport; Membrane Potentials; Muscle Denervation; Muscle, Skeletal; Nitric Oxide | 2002 |
Early postdenervation depolarization is controlled by acetylcholine and glutamate via nitric oxide regulation of the chloride transporter.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Chlorides; Electrophysiology; Glutamic Acid; Muscle Denervation; Muscle, Skeletal; Nitric Oxide | 2003 |
Escherichia coli acid resistance: tales of an amateur acidophile.
Topics: Acids; Adaptation, Physiological; Antiporters; Arginine; Chlorides; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Transport; Membrane Potentials; Proton-Motive Force | 2004 |
Mutational analysis of glutamate transporters.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Crystallization; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Ion Channel Gating; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Conformation; Sequence Alignment; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2006 |
VRACs CARVe a path for novel mechanisms of communication in the CNS.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Calcium; Cell Size; Central Nervous System; Chelating Agents; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Furosemide; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Ion Channels; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nitrobenzoates; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Pyramidal Cells; Synaptic Transmission | 2006 |
Regulation of excitation by glycine receptors.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cerebellum; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Humans; Ion Channel Gating; Membrane Potentials; Mesencephalon; Neural Inhibition; Neurotransmitter Agents; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Receptors, Glycine; Spinal Cord | 2008 |
The neurotransmitter cycle and quantal size.
Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Membrane Potentials; Neurotransmitter Agents; Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins; Proton Pumps; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptic Vesicles | 2007 |
Exit chloride, enter glutamate.
Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Ion Channel Gating; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1 | 2009 |
Molecular mechanisms of excitotoxicity and their relevance to pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Calcium; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Nitric Oxide; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 2009 |
A synaptocentric view of the neuroendocrine response to stress.
Topics: Animals; Chlorides; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucocorticoids; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Neurosecretory Systems; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Stress, Physiological; Stress, Psychological; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 2010 |
Neurotransmitter corelease: mechanism and physiological role.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Anions; Biogenic Monoamines; Cations; Chlorides; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Neurotransmitter Agents; Protons; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptic Vesicles; Vesicular Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins | 2012 |
The Role of Regulatory Transporters in Neuropathic Pain.
Topics: Animals; Biogenic Monoamines; Chlorides; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Membrane Transport Proteins; Neuralgia | 2016 |
Glutamate transporters: a broad review of the most recent archaeal and human structures.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Archaea; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Potassium; Protein Conformation; Sodium | 2019 |
The mechanism and regulation of vesicular glutamate transport: Coordination with the synaptic vesicle cycle.
Topics: Allosteric Regulation; Animals; Biological Transport; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Ligands; Substrate Specificity; Synaptic Vesicles; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Proteins | 2020 |
Recent advances in the structure and activation mechanisms of metabolite-releasing Pannexin 1 channels.
Topics: Calcium; Cell Communication; Cell Membrane; Chlorides; Connexins; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Nerve Tissue Proteins | 2023 |
330 other study(ies) available for glutamic acid and chlorine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Expression of a glutamate-activated chloride current in Xenopus oocytes injected with Caenorhabditis elegans RNA: evidence for modulation by avermectin.
Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Caenorhabditis elegans; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Ibotenic Acid; Ion Channel Gating; Ivermectin; Membrane Proteins; Microinjections; Oocytes; Poly A; RNA; Xenopus laevis | 1992 |
Mechanism of activation of liver glycogen synthase by swelling.
Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Enzyme Activation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycogen Synthase; Glycogen-Synthase-D Phosphatase; Hypotonic Solutions; Kinetics; Liver; Liver Glycogen; Potassium Chloride; Rats | 1992 |
Mechanisms of glutamate activation of axon-to-Schwann cell signaling in the squid.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Axons; Calcium; Chlorides; Decapodiformes; Egtazic Acid; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Schwann Cells; Signal Transduction; Sodium; Tetrodotoxin; Time Factors; Tubocurarine | 1992 |
Anion-proton cotransport through the human red blood cell band 3 protein. Role of glutamate 681.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte; Anions; Carboxypeptidases; Chlorides; Erythrocytes; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Isoxazoles; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptide Fragments; Protons; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Sulfates | 1992 |
Glutamate transport into synaptic vesicles. Roles of membrane potential, pH gradient, and intravesicular pH.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Biological Transport; Cattle; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Membrane Potentials; Methylamines; Nigericin; Synaptic Vesicles | 1992 |
Synaptic and nonsynaptic determinants of excitability changes in aluminum-intoxicated rabbit CA1 pyramidal neurons studied in vitro.
Topics: Aluminum; Aluminum Chloride; Aluminum Compounds; Animals; Chlorides; Culture Techniques; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Evoked Potentials; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; N-Methylaspartate; Nerve Degeneration; Neurofibrils; Neurons; Rabbits; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 1992 |
Carrier-mediated glutamate secretion by Corynebacterium glutamicum under biotin limitation.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Anions; Biological Transport; Carbon; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; Cations, Monovalent; Chlorides; Corynebacterium; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Membrane Potentials; Oxygen; Potassium; Protons | 1992 |
Excitatory amino acid receptors on isolated retinal ganglion cells from the goldfish.
Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Electrophysiology; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Goldfish; Ibotenic Acid; Kainic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Quisqualic Acid; Receptors, Amino Acid; Receptors, Cell Surface; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Sodium | 1992 |
GABA-gated anion channels in intact crayfish opener muscle fibres and stretch-receptor neurons are neither activated nor desensitized by glutamate.
Topics: Animals; Astacoidea; Chlorides; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Mechanoreceptors; Membrane Potentials; Microelectrodes; Muscles; Neurons, Afferent | 1992 |
Autoradiographic characterization of [3H]L-glutamate binding sites in developing mouse cerebellar cortex.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Calcium; Cerebellar Cortex; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Ibotenic Acid; Kainic Acid; Mice; N-Methylaspartate; Protein Binding; Quisqualic Acid; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Synapses | 1991 |
A morphological study on glutamate-induced swelling of cultured astrocytes: involvement of calcium and chloride ion mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Calcium; Cell Nucleus; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Chromatin; Cytoplasmic Granules; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Mitochondrial Swelling; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tolonium Chloride | 1991 |
Both Na+ and Cl- gradients energize NaCl/L-glutamate cotransport in lobster hepatopancreatic brush border membrane vesicles.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Liver; Microvilli; Nephropidae; Pancreas; Sodium; Sodium Chloride Symporters; Symporters | 1991 |
Aluminum chloride stimulates the release of endogenous glutamate, taurine and adenosine from cultured rat cortical astrocytes.
Topics: Adenosine; Aluminum; Aluminum Chloride; Aluminum Compounds; Animals; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Taurine | 1991 |
Energy dependence and functional reconstitution of the gamma-aminobutyric acid carrier from synaptic vesicles.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; Chlorides; Dopamine; Energy Metabolism; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Gramicidin; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Liposomes; Membrane Potentials; Proteolipids; Rats; Reserpine; Synaptic Vesicles; Thiocyanates | 1990 |
Glutamate, kainate and quisqualate enhance GABA-dependent chloride uptake in cortex.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Biological Transport; Cerebral Cortex; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Dizocilpine Maleate; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Ion Channels; Kainic Acid; Male; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; N-Methylaspartate; Quinoxalines; Quisqualic Acid; Receptors, GABA-A | 1990 |
Characterization of glutamate uptake systems in astrocyte primary cultures from rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Biological Transport; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Ion Channels; Kinetics; Potassium; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Sodium | 1991 |
Use of natural mRNAs in the cell-free protein-synthesizing systems of the moderate halophile Vibrio costicola.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Chloramphenicol; Chlorides; Chlorine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Magnesium; Neomycin; Peptide Initiation Factors; Protein Biosynthesis; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl; RNA, Transfer, Met; RNA, Viral; Vibrio | 1990 |
Low calcium-induced release of glutamate results in autotoxicity of cerebellar granule cells.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Chlorides; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Neurotoxins; Neurotransmitter Agents; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Verapamil | 1990 |
Autoradiographic characterization of putative excitatory amino acid transport sites.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Autoradiography; Binding Sites; Biological Transport; Brain; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium; Tissue Distribution | 1990 |
ATP-dependent and ATP-independent pathways of exocytosis revealed by interchanging glutamate and chloride as the major anion in permeabilized mast cells.
Topics: 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Anions; beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases; Calcium; Cations; Chlorides; Exocytosis; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glyceryl Ethers; GTP-Binding Proteins; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); Isoquinolines; Male; Mast Cells; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptide Fragments; Piperazines; Protein Kinase C; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Secretory Rate; Signal Transduction | 1990 |
The action of taurine on the response to glutamate in the motoneuron of the isolated frog spinal cord.
Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Lithium; Motor Neurons; Ouabain; Picrotoxin; Potassium; Rana catesbeiana; Sodium; Spinal Cord; Strychnine; Taurine | 1985 |
Calcium-dependent chloride currents in isolated cells from rat lacrimal glands.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Iodides; Ion Channels; Kinetics; Lacrimal Apparatus; Nitrates; Rats; Time Factors | 1986 |
Liquid filament switch for ultra-fast exchanges of solutions at excised patches of synaptic membrane of crayfish muscle.
Topics: Animals; Astacoidea; Chlorides; Electrophysiology; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Ion Channels; Kinetics; Muscles; Synaptic Membranes | 1987 |
L-glutamate binding site on N18-RE-105 neuroblastoma hybrid cells is not coupled to an ion channel.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Calcium; Chlorides; Cystine; Electric Conductivity; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hybrid Cells; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Ion Channels; Mice; Neuroblastoma; Neurofilament Proteins; Neurons; Oxadiazoles; Potassium; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Sodium; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1988 |
Comparison of the properties of gamma-aminobutyric acid and L-glutamate uptake into synaptic vesicles isolated from rat brain.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Brain; Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; Cell Fractionation; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Chlorides; Electrochemistry; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Gramicidin; Male; Nigericin; Protons; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptic Vesicles | 1989 |
Trifluoperazine blocks GABA-gated chloride currents in cultured chick spinal cord neurons.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Chlorides; Electrophysiology; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Ion Channels; Neurons; Spinal Cord; Trifluoperazine | 1989 |
Chloride channels gated by extrajunctional glutamate receptors (H-receptors) on locust leg muscle.
Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Grasshoppers; Ion Channels; Membrane Potentials; Muscles; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter | 1989 |
Voltage-clamp characterization of Cl- conductance gated by GABA and L-glutamate in single neurons of Aplysia.
Topics: Animals; Aplysia; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Electric Conductivity; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglia; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Membrane Potentials; Membrane Proteins; Neurons; Temperature | 1989 |
Depolarization increases chloride-dependent glutamate sequestration in synaptic membranes of rat cerebral cortex.
Topics: Aconitine; Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Monensin; Potassium; Rats; Serotonin; Sodium; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Synaptic Membranes; Veratrine | 1989 |
In vitro protein synthesis by the moderate halophile Vibrio costicola: site of action of Cl- ions.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hot Temperature; Kinetics; Leucine; Phenylalanine; Poly U; Protein Biosynthesis; Ribosomes; Valine; Vibrio | 1989 |
Decrease of anion selectivity caused by mutation of Thr501 and Gly502 to Glu in the hydrophobic domain of the colicin E1 channel.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Chlorides; Colicins; Escherichia coli; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Kinetics; Lipid Bilayers; Membrane Potentials; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipids; Threonine | 1989 |
Characterization of a H+-ATPase in rat brain synaptic vesicles. Coupling to L-glutamate transport.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Anions; Biological Transport; Blotting, Western; Brain; Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Nigericin; Proton-Translocating ATPases; Protons; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Synaptic Vesicles; Vacuoles; Valinomycin | 1989 |
Characterization and partial purification of a chloride- and calcium-dependent glutamate-binding protein from rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Brain; Calcium; Chlorides; Dipeptidases; Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Liposomes; Proteolipids; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Solubility; Synaptic Membranes | 1989 |
Glutamate overcomes the salt inhibition of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme.
Topics: Anions; Chlorides; DNA Polymerase III; DNA Replication; DNA, Single-Stranded; Drug Interactions; Drug Stability; Escherichia coli; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hot Temperature; Kinetics; Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; Salts; Sodium Chloride | 1989 |
Na-dependent L-glutamate transport by eel intestinal BBMV: role of K+ and Cl-.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Chlorides; Eels; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Membrane Potentials; Microvilli; Potassium; Sodium | 1989 |
L-[35S]cysteic acid selectively detects chloride-dependent L-glutamate transporters in synaptic membrane.
Topics: Amino Acids, Sulfur; Animals; Calcium; Carrier Proteins; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Cysteic Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Male; Oxadiazoles; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptosomes | 1989 |
Astrocytic swelling in traumatic-hypoxic brain injury. Beneficial effects of an inhibitor of anion exchange transport and glutamate uptake in glial cells.
Topics: 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid; Animals; Astrocytes; Biological Transport; Brain; Brain Injuries; Cats; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Disease Models, Animal; Fluorenes; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hypoxia, Brain; Ouabain; Potassium; Rats | 1989 |
Characterization of glutamate uptake into synaptic vesicles.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Cadmium; Cattle; Chlorides; Dithiothreitol; Ethylmaleimide; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isethionic Acid; Kinetics; Magnesium; Nucleotides; Potassium Chloride; Synaptic Vesicles; Zinc | 1985 |
Cellular physiology of the turtle visual cortex: synaptic properties and intrinsic circuitry.
Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Chlorides; Electrophysiology; Evoked Potentials; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Intracellular Fluid; Membrane Potentials; Pyramidal Tracts; Synapses; Turtles; Visual Cortex | 1986 |
[Effect of hypochloric solutions on the electrophysiologic processes of smooth muscles].
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Chlorides; Colon; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Membrane Potentials; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Propionates; Rats; Stomach | 1985 |
Binding of L-[3H]glutamate to fresh or frozen synaptic membrane and postsynaptic density fractions isolated from cerebral cortex and cerebellum of fresh or frozen canine brain.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Calcium; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Dogs; Freezing; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Phosphorylation; Sodium; Synapses; Synaptic Membranes | 1986 |
Induction of glutamate binding sites in hippocampal membranes by transient exposure to high concentrations of glutamate or glutamate analogs.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 2-Aminoadipic Acid; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Chlorides; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Homocysteine; Kainic Acid; Kinetics; N-Methylaspartate; Oxadiazoles; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Saponins; Sodium; Valine | 1986 |
Development of a micromethod to study the Na+-independent L-[3H]glutamic acid binding to rat striatal membranes. I. Biochemical and pharmacological characterization.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Binding Sites; Calcium; Chlorides; Corpus Striatum; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kinetics; Membranes; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium; Temperature | 1986 |
Differentiation of Cl-/Ca2+-dependent and sodium dependent 3H-glutamate binding to cortical membranes from rat brain by high energy radiation inactivation analysis.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Biological Transport, Active; Calcium; Cell Membrane; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Electrons; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Molecular Weight; Rats; Sodium | 1986 |
The role of specific ions in glutamate neurotoxicity.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Chick Embryo; Chlorides; Drug Synergism; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Membrane Potentials; Necrosis; Retinal Degeneration; Sodium | 1986 |
Ionic regulation of the binding of DL-2-amino-7-phosphono-[4,5-3H]heptanoic acid to synaptosome-enriched homogenates of rat cerebral cortex.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Amino Acids; Animals; Binding Sites; Calcium; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Freezing; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptosomes | 1986 |
Characterization of L-glutamate binding sites in rat spinal cord synaptic membranes: evidence for multiple chloride ion-dependent sites.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Anions; Brain; Calcium; Cations; Chlorides; Diencephalon; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kinetics; Oxadiazoles; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Sodium; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Membranes; Telencephalon | 1986 |
Chloride-dependent binding sites for L-[3H]glutamate on dendrodendritic synaptosomal membranes of rat olfactory bulb.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Chlorides; Dendrites; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Male; Olfactory Bulb; Oxadiazoles; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Synaptic Membranes | 1986 |
Putative glutamate receptors in membranes obtained from heads of Drosophila melanogaster.
Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Calcium; Chlorides; Drosophila melanogaster; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kinetics; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter | 1986 |
[GABA metabolism and the formation of a sensorimotor cortex evoked potential in the presence of excess zinc ions].
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Chlorides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Motor Cortex; Rabbits; Time Factors; Zinc; Zinc Compounds | 1987 |
Differentiation of the Ca2+-stimulated binding from the Cl- -dependent binding of [3H]glutamate in synaptic membranes from rat brain.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Calcium; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Male; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Synaptic Membranes | 1986 |
Are Ca2+-dependent proteases really responsible for Cl(-)-dependent and Ca2+-stimulated binding of [3H]glutamate in rat brain?
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Biological Transport, Active; Brain; Calcium; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Peptide Hydrolases; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptic Membranes | 1987 |
Selective inhibition of synaptosomal gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake by triethyllead: role of energy transduction and chloride ion.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Anions; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Energy Metabolism; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Male; Organometallic Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Synaptosomes | 1987 |
L-phenylalanyl-L-glutamate-stimulated, chloride-dependent glutamate binding represents glutamate sequestration mediated by an exchange system.
Topics: Aminopeptidases; Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Captopril; Cell Membrane; Chlorides; Dipeptides; Dithionitrobenzoic Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Leucine; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Saponins | 1987 |
Ionic dependence of glutamate neurotoxicity.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cell Count; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Mice; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Potassium; Sodium | 1987 |
GABA-gated chloride ion influx and receptor binding studies in C57BL6J and DBA2J mice.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Brain; Chlorides; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Radioligand Assay; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Subcellular Fractions | 1986 |
Multiple Cl(-)-independent binding sites for the excitatory amino acids: glutamate, aspartate and cysteine sulfinate in rat brain membranes.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Chlorides; Cysteine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kinetics; Male; Membranes; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium; Synaptic Membranes | 1987 |
A novel chloride-dependent L-[3H]glutamate binding site in astrocyte membranes.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Membrane; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kinetics; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter | 1987 |
Chloride transport blockers inhibit the chloride-dependent glutamate binding to rat brain membranes.
Topics: 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid; 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; Animals; Biphenyl Compounds; Brain; Chlorides; Ethacrynic Acid; Furosemide; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Male; Membranes; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sulfonamides; Torsemide | 1987 |
Characteristics of chloride-dependent incorporation of glutamate into brain membranes argue against a receptor binding site.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Chlorides; Dipeptides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kinetics; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Synaptic Membranes; Temperature | 1987 |
Ca-dependent-chloride and potassium currents in rat Leydig cells.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Leydig Cells; Male; Membrane Potentials; Potassium; Rats | 1987 |
Further characterization of dopamine release by permeabilized PC12 cells.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Animals; Calcium; Cell Line; Chlorides; Culture Media; Dithionitrobenzoic Acid; Dopamine; Ethylmaleimide; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Permeability; Pheochromocytoma; Rats; Trifluoperazine | 1987 |
A L-[3H]glutamate binding site on glia: an autoradiographic study on implanted astrocytes.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Amino Acids; Animals; Astrocytes; Autoradiography; Binding, Competitive; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Inferior Colliculi; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter | 1987 |
Molecular action mechanism of spider toxin on glutamate receptor: role of 2,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in toxin molecule.
Topics: Animals; Arthropod Venoms; Brain; Chlorides; Ferric Compounds; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Molecular Conformation; Phenylacetates; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Spider Venoms; Synaptosomes | 1987 |
Differential effects of enflurane on Glu- and ACH-induced chloride currents in Aplysia neurons.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Aplysia; Chlorides; Enflurane; Ganglia; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Neurons | 1988 |
L-glutamate evoked release of GABA from cultured avian retina cells does not require glutamate receptor activation.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Chlorides; Choline; Cobalt; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kinetics; Lithium; Lithium Chloride; Magnesium; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Retina | 1988 |
Characterisation of Na+-independent L-[3H]glutamate binding sites in human temporal cortex.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Aged; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Cell Membrane; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Ibotenic Acid; Kainic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Oxadiazoles; Quisqualic Acid; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Sodium; Temporal Lobe | 1988 |
On the glutamate transport through cell envelope vesicles of Halobacterium halobium.
Topics: Cell Membrane; Chlorides; Darkness; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Halobacterium; Membrane Potentials; Onium Compounds; Oxygen Consumption; Retinoids; Sodium; Trityl Compounds | 1988 |
Inhibition by forskolin of excitatory amino acid-induced accumulation of cyclic AMP in guinea pig hippocampal slices.
Topics: Adenosine; Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Chlorides; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Cysteine; Drug Interactions; Ethylmaleimide; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Guanosine Triphosphate; Guinea Pigs; Hippocampus; Histamine; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Neurotransmitter Agents; Veratridine | 1988 |
Properties of quisqualate-sensitive L-[3H]glutamate binding sites in rat brain as determined by quantitative autoradiography.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Binding Sites; Brain; Calcium; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Male; Oxadiazoles; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tissue Distribution | 1988 |
Ethanol potentiates GABA- and glycine-induced chloride currents in chick spinal cord neurons.
Topics: Animals; Azides; Benzodiazepines; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Chlorides; Ethanol; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Membrane Potentials; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, Glycine; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Spinal Cord | 1988 |
ATP-dependent glutamate uptake into synaptic vesicles from cerebellar mutant mice.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; Cerebellum; Chlorides; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electrochemistry; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Isethionic Acid; Kinetics; Mice; Mice, Neurologic Mutants; Purkinje Cells; Synaptic Vesicles | 1988 |
Electrogenic glutamate uptake in glial cells is activated by intracellular potassium.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Brain Diseases; Chlorides; Electrophysiology; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Models, Molecular; Neuroglia; Potassium; Retina; Urodela | 1988 |
AP4 inhibits chloride-dependent binding and uptake of [3H]glutamate in rabbit retina.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Rabbits; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Retina; Synaptosomes | 1988 |
Corticosterone decreases 3H-glutamate binding in rat hippocampal formation.
Topics: Adrenalectomy; Animals; Autoradiography; Cell Membrane; Chlorides; Corticosterone; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Tritium | 1988 |
Outward rectification of inhibitory postsynaptic currents in cultured rat hippocampal neurones.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Bicuculline; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Kinetics; Neurons; Rats; Synapses | 1988 |
Selective inhibition of L-glutamate and gammaaminobutyrate transport in nerve ending particles by aluminium, manganese, and cadmium chloride.
Topics: Aluminum; Aluminum Chloride; Aluminum Compounds; Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Cadmium; Cadmium Chloride; Chlorides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Male; Manganese; Manganese Compounds; Nerve Endings; Rats; Synaptosomes | 1981 |
Effects of L-glutamate on cyclic AMP levels in slices from different areas of rat cerebral cortex with a chronic iron-induced focus.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Cyclic AMP; Epilepsies, Partial; Ferric Compounds; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Iron; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1981 |
Chloride and calcium ions reveal a pharmacologically distinct population of L-glutamate binding sites in synaptic membranes: correspondence between biochemical and electrophysiological data.
Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Calcium; Chlorides; Electrophysiology; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kinetics; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Subcellular Fractions; Synaptic Membranes | 1982 |
Chloride ions enhance L-glutamate binding to rat brain synaptic membranes.
Topics: Animals; Anions; Brain; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kinetics; Rats; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Synaptic Membranes | 1982 |
[Ionic mechanisms of depolarization responses induced by glutamate application to nerve cells of Helix pomatia].
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cell Membrane; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chlorides; Ganglia; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Helix, Snails; In Vitro Techniques; Membrane Potentials; Potassium; Sodium | 1982 |
pH dependence of the Coxiella burnetii glutamate transport system.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Biological Transport, Active; Cations; Chlorides; Coxiella; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Protons | 1983 |
Chloride and calcium ions separate L-glutamate receptor populations in synaptic membranes.
Topics: Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Calcium; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Oxadiazoles; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Glutamate; Synaptic Membranes | 1983 |
The role of potassium and chloride ions on the Na+/acidic amino acid cotransport system in rat intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles.
Topics: Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Intestinal Mucosa; Kinetics; Microvilli; Potassium; Rats; Sodium | 1983 |
Dual effects of glutamate on cyclic AMP levels in slices of rat cerebral cortex with an iron-induced epileptic focus.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Cyclic AMP; Epilepsies, Partial; Ferric Compounds; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Iron; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tissue Distribution | 1983 |
Characterization of the binding of DL-[3H]-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate to L-glutamate-sensitive sites on rat brain synaptic membranes.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Binding Sites; Brain; Calcium; Chlorides; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Stereoisomerism; Synaptic Membranes; Temperature | 1983 |
Release of aspartate and glutamate caused by chloride reduction in synaptosomal incubation media.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Rats; Synaptosomes | 1984 |
[Potential-dependent changes in the conductance of the somas of snail neurons induced by glutamate in near-threshold concentrations].
Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane; Chlorides; Electric Conductivity; Ganglia; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Helix, Snails; Ion Channels; Neurons | 1983 |
Characterization of the interactions of N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate with [3H]L-glutamate receptors.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Brain; Calcium; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Dipeptides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Glutamate | 1984 |
The glutamate-isolated mass receptor potential of the frog's retina. II. Sodium and potassium dependence.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Chlorides; Choline; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Light; Lithium; Photic Stimulation; Potassium; Rana esculenta; Retina; Sodium | 1983 |
Binding sites for L-glutamate in the central nervous system of the rat.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Brain; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Corpus Striatum; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Glutamate; Spinal Cord; Tissue Distribution | 1984 |
Effect of chloride and glutamate ions on in vitro protein synthesis by the moderate halophile Vibrio costicola.
Topics: Amino Acids; Anions; Bacterial Proteins; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Halobacterium; Osmolar Concentration; Phenylalanine-tRNA Ligase; Sodium Chloride; Vibrio | 1984 |
Rat hippocampal neurons in culture: voltage-clamp analysis of inhibitory synaptic connections.
Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Culture Techniques; Diazepam; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Interneurons; Ion Channels; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Pentobarbital; Picrotoxin; Rats; Reaction Time; Synapses | 1984 |
Selective association of N-methyl aspartate and quisqualate types of L-glutamate receptor with brain postsynaptic densities.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kinetics; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Oxadiazoles; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Synapses; Synaptic Membranes | 1984 |
Ionic regulation of glutamate binding sites.
Topics: Animals; Anions; Binding Sites; Calcium; Chlorides; Egtazic Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kinetics; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Synaptic Membranes | 1984 |
Characterization of L-glutamic acid transport by glioma cells in culture: evidence for sodium-independent, chloride-dependent high affinity influx.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Glioma; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Gramicidin; Kinetics; Potassium; Rats; Sodium | 1984 |
Rat cortical synaptosomes have more than one mechanism for Ca2+ entry linked to rapid glutamate release: studies using the Phoneutria nigriventer toxin PhTX2 and potassium depolarization.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Gramicidin; Kinetics; Male; Manganese Compounds; Neuropeptides; Neurotoxins; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium; Sodium Channels; Spider Venoms; Synaptosomes; Tetrodotoxin | 1993 |
A glutamate-activated chloride current in cone-driven ON bipolar cells of the white perch retina.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Cycloleucine; Dendrites; Glutamic Acid; Ibotenic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Membrane Potentials; N-Methylaspartate; Neurotoxins; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Perches; Picrotoxin; Quinoxalines; Quisqualic Acid; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Retina; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells; Strychnine | 1995 |
Ion fluxes associated with excitatory amino acid transport.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Brain; Carrier Proteins; Chlorides; Electric Conductivity; Excitatory Amino Acids; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Ion Channel Gating; Ion Channels; Oocytes; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Thermodynamics; Transfection; Xenopus | 1995 |
Increase in chloride-dependent L-glutamate transport activity in synaptic membrane after in vitro ischemic treatment.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptic Membranes | 1995 |
Ethanol inhibits NMDA-induced toxicity and trophism in cultured cerebellar granule cells.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Chlorides; Culture Media; Ethanol; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors; Tropism | 1995 |
Roles of histidine 752 and glutamate 699 in the pH dependence of mouse band 3 protein-mediated anion transport.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Biological Transport; Chlorides; DNA Primers; Erythrocyte Membrane; Female; Glutamic Acid; Histidine; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oocytes; Point Mutation; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Recombinant Proteins; Xenopus laevis | 1995 |
Contributions of individual kringle domains toward maintenance of the chloride-induced tight conformation of human glutamic acid-1 plasminogen.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Aminocaproic Acid; Base Sequence; Chlorides; DNA Primers; DNA, Complementary; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Kringles; Molecular Sequence Data; Plasminogen; Protein Conformation; Recombinant Proteins | 1995 |
Swelling-activated conductances for chloride, potassium and amino acids in the rat colon: a whole-cell study.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acids; Animals; Butyrates; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cell Size; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Colon; Female; Glutamic Acid; Hypotonic Solutions; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Mucosa; Masoprocol; Membrane Potentials; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium; Rats | 1995 |
Protective action of zinc against glutamate neurotoxicity in cultured retinal neurons.
Topics: Animals; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fetus; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Retina; Zinc Compounds | 1995 |
Glutamate-101 is critical for the function of the sodium and chloride-coupled GABA transporter GAT-1.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Cell Membrane; Chlorides; Electric Conductivity; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; HeLa Cells; Humans; Membrane Proteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Organic Anion Transporters; Protein Conformation; Sodium | 1995 |
Inhibitory effect of fluoride on insulin receptor autophosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aluminum; Aluminum Chloride; Aluminum Compounds; Animals; Chlorides; Fluorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Male; Phosphorylation; Phosphotyrosine; Placenta; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptor, IGF Type 1; Receptor, Insulin; Sodium Fluoride; Tyrosine | 1993 |
Swelling of glial cells in lactacidosis and by glutamate: significance of Cl(-)-transport.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Animals; Brain Edema; Cell Size; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Diuretics; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Ion Channels; Ion Transport; Membrane Proteins; Neuroglia; Rats; Sulfonamides; Torsemide; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1993 |
The bacteriophage T4 middle promoter PuvsX: analysis of regions important for binding of the T4 transcriptional activator MotA and for activation of transcription.
Topics: Bacteriophage T4; Base Sequence; Chlorides; DNA-Binding Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Promoter Regions, Genetic; RNA Polymerase I; RNA, Messenger; Transcription Factors; Transcriptional Activation; Viral Proteins | 1995 |
Mechanism of activation of liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase by cell swelling.
Topics: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; Animals; Cell Size; Chlorides; Enzyme Activation; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Liver; Magnesium; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; Protein Phosphatase 1; Rats | 1993 |
Cystine/glutamate antiporter expression in retinal Müller glial cells: implications for DL-alpha-aminoadipate toxicity.
Topics: 2-Aminoadipic Acid; Animals; Antimetabolites; Autoradiography; Buthionine Sulfoximine; Carps; Carrier Proteins; Chlorides; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cystine; Electroretinography; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutathione; Isomerism; Methionine Sulfoximine; Neuroglia; Retina; Sodium; Sulfur Radioisotopes | 1993 |
In vivo acidosis reduces extracellular concentrations of taurine and glutamate in the rat hippocampus.
Topics: 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; Acidosis; Animals; Antiporters; Bicarbonates; Brain Ischemia; Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters; Chlorides; Extracellular Space; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Microdialysis; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Osmotic Pressure; Perfusion; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; Taurine | 1994 |
Distribution and ontogeny of 1S,3R-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid-sensitive and quisqualate-insensitive [3H]glutamate binding sites in the rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Anions; Brain; Bromides; Calcium; Cell Membrane; Chlorides; Cycloleucine; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hypothalamus; Male; Prosencephalon; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Tritium | 1994 |
Identification of an ectokinase activity in cerebellar granule primary neuronal cultures.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Calcium Chloride; Cerebellum; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Kinetics; Manganese Compounds; Molecular Weight; Neurons; Phosphoproteins; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Phosphorylation; Potassium Chloride; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Protein Kinases; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Signal Transduction; Sodium Fluoride | 1994 |
2-Oxoglutarate transport: a potential mechanism for regulating glutamate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates in neurons.
Topics: Ammonium Sulfate; Animals; Biological Transport; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Citric Acid Cycle; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guinea Pigs; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kinetics; Malates; Male; Neurons; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Synaptosomes; Veratridine | 1993 |
Osmotic adaptation of renal medullary cells during transition from chronic diuresis to antidiuresis.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Chlorides; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cryoultramicrotomy; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Diuresis; Electron Probe Microanalysis; Furosemide; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Kidney Medulla; Male; Methylamines; Osmosis; Polymers; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium; Taurine; Urea | 1993 |
Combined oxygen and glucose deprivation in cortical cell culture: calcium-dependent and calcium-independent mechanisms of neuronal injury.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Calcium Radioisotopes; Cell Death; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Extracellular Space; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immunohistochemistry; Kinetics; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Mice; Nerve Degeneration; Neuroglia; Neurons; Oxygen; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Sodium | 1993 |
Omega-conotoxin sensitive calcium channels in cerebellar granule cells are not coupled to [3H]glutamate release.
Topics: Animals; Cadmium; Cadmium Chloride; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels; Cerebellum; Chlorides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Granulocytes; omega-Conotoxins; Peptides; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tritium | 1993 |
Pretreatment of rat brain slices with ouabain decreases chloride-dependent L-glutamate transport in synaptic membrane.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Chlorides; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Ouabain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Synaptic Membranes; Veratridine | 1993 |
A simple dual pressure-ejection system and calibration method for brief local applications of drugs and modified salines.
Topics: Animals; Astacoidea; Calibration; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Microinjections; Motor Neurons; Pressure; Sodium Chloride; Virulence Factors, Bordetella | 1995 |
The effect of cadmium chloride in vitro on sodium-glutamate cotransport in brush border membrane vesicles isolated from rabbit kidney.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cadmium; Cadmium Chloride; Carcinogens; Carrier Proteins; Cell Fractionation; Chlorides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Kidney Cortex; Kinetics; Male; Microvilli; Potassium; Rabbits; Sodium | 1995 |
Activity-dependent short-term enhancement of intercellular coupling.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Calcium; Chlorides; Egtazic Acid; Electric Stimulation; Gap Junctions; Glutamic Acid; Goldfish; Neuronal Plasticity; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Reflex, Startle; Synaptic Transmission; Vestibulocochlear Nerve | 1996 |
Ion pairs significantly stabilize coiled-coils in the absence of electrolyte.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Chlorides; Circular Dichroism; Electrolytes; Glutamic Acid; Hot Temperature; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ions; Lysine; Molecular Sequence Data; Osmolar Concentration; Peptides; Protein Denaturation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Sodium | 1996 |
Retinal glial cell glutamate transporter is coupled to an anionic conductance.
Topics: Ambystoma; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Anions; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Gluconates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Iodides; Membrane Potentials; Neuroglia; Nitrates; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Perchlorates; Retina; Thiocyanates | 1996 |
Regulation of glutamate transport into synaptic vesicles by chloride and proton gradient.
Topics: Ammonium Sulfate; Animals; Biological Transport; Calcimycin; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Rats; Synaptic Vesicles | 1996 |
A note on the cellular effects of nystatin in single myoballs.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Chlorides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Kinetics; Microscopy, Video; Mitosis; Muscle, Skeletal; Nystatin; Sodium; Tetraethylammonium; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Time Factors | 1995 |
L-Glutamate-induced responses in OFF-type bipolar cells of the cat retina.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Calcium; Cats; Chlorides; Cycloleucine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Transport; Kainic Acid; Membrane Potentials; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium; Retina; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells; Sodium | 1996 |
Ca2+ and H+ antagonize the decrease of [3H]MK-801 binding induced by glutamate and glycine in the presence of Mg2+.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cations, Divalent; Cations, Monovalent; Cell Membrane; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Dizocilpine Maleate; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Magnesium; Male; Models, Neurological; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Sodium | 1996 |
An electrophysiological preparation of Ascaris suum pharyngeal muscle reveals a glutamate-gated chloride channel sensitive to the avermectin analogue, milbemycin D.
Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascaris suum; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Drug Synergism; Electric Conductivity; Glutamic Acid; Ion Channel Gating; Ivermectin; Macrolides; Membrane Potentials; Pharyngeal Muscles; Receptors, Glutamate | 1996 |
Depolarization with high-K+ causes Ca(2+)-independent but partially Cl(-)-dependent glutamate release in rat hippocampal slice cultures.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Chlorides; Culture Techniques; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Potassium; Rats | 1996 |
Lowering extracellular Na+ concentration causes NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal death in cultured rat hippocampal slices.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Calcium; Cell Death; Chlorides; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Organ Culture Techniques; Quinoxalines; Rats; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Sodium | 1996 |
Glutamate-gated chloride channel with glutamate-transporter-like properties in cone photoreceptors of the tiger salamander.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Electric Conductivity; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channel Gating; Kainic Acid; Potassium; Receptors, Glutamate; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells; Sodium; Urodela | 1995 |
Reducing extracellular Cl- suppresses dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ currents and synaptic transmission in amphibian photoreceptors.
Topics: Ambystoma; Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Chlorides; Dihydropyridines; Evoked Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Light; Necturus; Neurons; Photoreceptor Cells; Synaptic Transmission | 1997 |
Glutamate uptake occurs at an early stage of synaptic vesicle recycling.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biological Transport; Brain; Cell Fractionation; Chlorides; Cytosol; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamic Acid; Macrolides; Membrane Fusion; Nerve Endings; Proton-Translocating ATPases; Rats; Synaptic Membranes; Synaptic Vesicles; Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases | 1997 |
Manganese ion enhances T1-weighted MRI during brain activation: an approach to direct imaging of brain function.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Calcium Channels; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Image Enhancement; Infusions, Intravenous; Ion Channel Gating; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Manganese Compounds; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stimulation, Chemical | 1997 |
Cl- and K+ conductances activated by cell swelling in primary cultures of rabbit distal bright convoluted tubules.
Topics: Animals; Anions; Bromides; Cell Size; Cells, Cultured; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Hypotonic Solutions; Kidney Tubules, Distal; Kinetics; Meglumine; Membrane Potentials; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium Channels; Rabbits | 1997 |
A chloride-inducible acid resistance mechanism in Lactococcus lactis and its regulation.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Chlorides; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Bacterial; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Hydrochloric Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Lactococcus lactis; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Sequence Analysis, DNA | 1998 |
Chloride influx during cerebral energy deprivation.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Brain; Chlorides; Energy Metabolism; GABA Modulators; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Neurons; Penicillin G; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1998 |
Ionic mechanisms in glutamate-induced astrocyte swelling: role of K+ influx.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Calcium; Cell Size; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Activation; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Ion Transport; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Potassium; Potassium Channel Blockers; Rats; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Sodium; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Time Factors | 1998 |
Factors that affect the expression of beta-amyloid precursor protein immunoreactivity in the rat retina.
Topics: Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Barium Compounds; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Immunohistochemistry; Lipopolysaccharides; Neuroglia; Potassium Channel Blockers; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Retina | 1998 |
Anion competition for a volume-regulated current.
Topics: Anions; Aspartic Acid; Biophysical Phenomena; Biophysics; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cell Size; Chlorides; Electric Conductivity; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Ion Transport; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Models, Biological; Thermodynamics; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1998 |
Inhibitory connections between antagonistic motor neurones of the crayfish walking legs.
Topics: 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid; Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Animals; Astacoidea; Chlorides; Electrophysiology; Female; GABA Agents; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Histamine; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Motor Neurons; Neural Inhibition; Picrotoxin; Synapses; Tetraethylammonium; Tetrodotoxin; Walking | 1998 |
Specific requirements for cytochrome c-550 and the manganese-stabilizing protein in photoautotrophic strains of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 with mutations in the domain Gly-351 to Thr-436 of the chlorophyll-binding protein CP47.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Calcium; Chlorides; Chlorophyll; Culture Media, Conditioned; Cyanobacteria; Cytochrome c Group; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Leucine; Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; Manganese; Metalloproteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Peptide Fragments; Photosynthesis; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; Photosystem II Protein Complex; Proteins; Threonine | 1998 |
Different mechanisms of Ca2+ transport in NMDA and Ca2+-permeable AMPA glutamate receptor channels.
Topics: Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Cesium; Chlorides; Electrophysiology; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Ion Channel Gating; Kidney; Kinetics; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 1998 |
Molecular cloning and expression of the rat EAAT4 glutamate transporter subtype.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Complementary; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 4; Gene Expression; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Ion Channel Gating; Ligands; Membrane Potentials; Molecular Sequence Data; Oocytes; Purkinje Cells; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Symporters; Xenopus laevis | 1998 |
Selected pyrethroid insecticides stimulate glutamate uptake in brain synaptic vesicles.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Biological Transport; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Insecticides; Ionophores; Male; Methylamines; Permethrin; Pyrethrins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptic Vesicles; Tritium; Valinomycin | 1998 |
Dithiocarbamate pesticides affect glutamate transport in brain synaptic vesicles.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Maneb; Methylamines; Pesticides; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Synaptic Vesicles; Thiocarbamates; Zineb | 1999 |
Effects of pH changes on systems ASC and B in rabbit ileum.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Chlorides; Female; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ileum; Jejunum; Kinetics; Microvilli; Rabbits; Serine; Sodium | 1999 |
Chloride channels activated by hypotonicity in N2A neuroblastoma cell line.
Topics: 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid; 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Bromine; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Gluconates; Glutamic Acid; Hypertonic Solutions; Iodine; Ion Channel Gating; Magnesium; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Neuroblastoma; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Sodium Chloride; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1999 |
The glutamate and carbachol effects on the early post-denervation depolarization in rat diaphragm are directed towards furosemide-sensitive chloride transport.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Carbachol; Chlorides; Culture Media; Diaphragm; Evoked Potentials; Furosemide; Glutamic Acid; Male; Membrane Potentials; Motor Neurons; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle, Skeletal; Organ Culture Techniques; Ouabain; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Tetrodotoxin | 1999 |
Mechanism by which GABA, through its GABA(A) receptor, modulates glutamate release from rat cortical neurons in culture.
Topics: Animals; Barbiturates; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Fluorescence; Fluorescent Dyes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Ion Transport; Isoxazoles; Membrane Potentials; Muscimol; Neurons; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Receptors, GABA-A | 1999 |
Effects of hyperosmolarity and ion substitutions on amino acid efflux from the ischemic rat cerebral cortex.
Topics: Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure; Brain Edema; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Choline; Diuretics, Osmotic; Electroencephalography; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gluconates; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Mannitol; Meglumine; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium; Sucrose; Taurine; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1999 |
DNA cleavage by the EcoRV restriction endonuclease: pH dependence and proton transfers in catalysis.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Aspartic Acid; Catalysis; Chlorides; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; Dimerization; DNA, Bacterial; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Manganese Compounds; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protein Conformation; Protons; Water | 1999 |
Zinc coordination and substrate catalysis within the neuropeptide processing enzyme endopeptidase EC 3.4.24.15. Identification of active site histidine and glutamate residues.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Chelating Agents; Chlorides; Circular Dichroism; DNA Primers; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamic Acid; Histidine; Kinetics; Metalloendopeptidases; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oligopeptides; Protein Conformation; Rats; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Structure-Activity Relationship; Zinc; Zinc Compounds | 1999 |
Optical imaging reveals elevated intracellular chloride in hippocampal pyramidal neurons after oxidative stress.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Antioxidants; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chlorides; Chromans; Deferoxamine; Extracellular Space; Fluorescent Dyes; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Hydrogen Peroxide; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Microscopy, Confocal; Muscimol; Nipecotic Acids; Oxidative Stress; Pyramidal Cells; Quinolinium Compounds; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Tiagabine | 1999 |
Glutamate and GABA activate different receptors and Cl(-) conductances in crab peptide-secretory neurons.
Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Benzothiadiazines; Brachyura; Cells, Cultured; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Concanavalin A; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Kainic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Quisqualic Acid; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, GABA; Receptors, Glutamate | 2000 |
Extent and role of multisegmental coupling in the Lamprey spinal locomotor pattern generator.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Axons; Calcium Chloride; Chlorides; Electrophysiology; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Lampreys; Locomotion; Manganese Compounds; Motor Activity; Spinal Cord; Spinal Nerve Roots | 2000 |
Halophilic adaptation: novel solvent protein interactions observed in the 2.9 and 2.6 A resolution structures of the wild type and a mutant of malate dehydrogenase from Haloarcula marismortui.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Apoenzymes; Arginine; Binding Sites; Catalytic Domain; Cations, Monovalent; Chlorides; Crystallography, X-Ray; Glutamic Acid; Haloarcula marismortui; Hydrogen Bonding; Malate Dehydrogenase; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Salts; Sodium; Solvents; Water | 2000 |
Effect of aluminium-induced Alzheimer like condition on oxidative energy metabolism in rat liver, brain and heart mitochondria.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Aging; Aluminum Chloride; Aluminum Compounds; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Body Temperature; Brain; Chlorides; Disease Models, Animal; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Male; Membrane Fluidity; Mitochondria, Heart; Mitochondria, Liver; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Rats | 1999 |
Mutational, kinetic, and NMR studies of the roles of conserved glutamate residues and of lysine-39 in the mechanism of the MutT pyrophosphohydrolase.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aspartic Acid; Bacterial Proteins; Binding, Competitive; Catalysis; Chlorides; Conserved Sequence; DNA Mutational Analysis; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Kinetics; Lysine; Magnesium; Magnesium Chloride; Manganese; Manganese Compounds; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Nitrogen Isotopes; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protons; Pyrophosphatases; Recombinant Proteins; Solvents | 2000 |
Site-directed mutagenesis identifies residues in uncoupling protein (UCP1) involved in three different functions.
Topics: Adipose Tissue, Brown; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Carrier Proteins; Chlorides; Cricetinae; Electron Transport; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Guanosine Triphosphate; Ion Channels; Membrane Proteins; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Proteins; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protons; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Uncoupling Agents; Uncoupling Protein 1 | 2000 |
Axonal stratification patterns and glutamate-gated conductance mechanisms in zebrafish retinal bipolar cells.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Axons; Chlorides; Cycloleucine; Dendrites; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Fluorescent Dyes; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Isoquinolines; Kainic Acid; Neurons; Picrotoxin; Retina; Strychnine; Zebrafish | 2000 |
Calf intestinal mucin: isolation, partial characterization, and measurement in ileal digesta with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Topics: Abomasum; Animals; Antibody Specificity; Aspartic Acid; Carbohydrates; Cattle; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Cesium; Chlorides; Diet; Digestion; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Glutamic Acid; Ileum; Immune Sera; Intestines; Milk; Mucins; Serine; Threonine | 2000 |
A novel missense mutation (D110E) in exon 4 of CFTR (ABCC7) in a CF infant presenting with hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis.
Topics: Alkalosis; Amino Acid Substitution; Aspartic Acid; Child, Preschool; Chlorides; Cystic Fibrosis; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mutation, Missense | 2000 |
Chloride-dependent inhibition of vesicular glutamate uptake by alpha-keto acids accumulated in maple syrup urine disease.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport; Brain; Cell Membrane; Chlorides; Electrochemistry; Glutamic Acid; Hemiterpenes; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Keto Acids; Maple Syrup Urine Disease; Membrane Potentials; Rats; Synaptic Vesicles | 2000 |
Characterization of [(3)H]-LY354740 binding to rat mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors expressed in CHO cells using semliki forest virus vectors.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; Cell Membrane; Chlorides; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; DNA, Recombinant; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Gene Expression; Genetic Vectors; Glutamic Acid; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); Kinetics; Rats; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Semliki forest virus; Tritium; Xanthenes; Zinc Compounds | 2000 |
Uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles by an inorganic phosphate transporter.
Topics: 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Carrier Proteins; Cell Membrane; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; PC12 Cells; Phosphates; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins; Symporters; Synaptic Vesicles; Transfection | 2000 |
Bioavailability and intestinal absorption of aluminum in rats: effects of aluminum compounds and some dietary constituents.
Topics: Alum Compounds; Aluminum; Aluminum Chloride; Aluminum Compounds; Animals; Biological Availability; Calcium; Chelating Agents; Chlorides; Citric Acid; Dinitrophenols; Duodenum; Gluconates; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ileum; Intestine, Small; Jejunum; Lactates; Ligands; Male; Nitrates; Perfusion; Phosphorus; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tartrates; Time Factors | 2000 |
Polyhydroxylated C(60), fullerenols, as glutamate receptor antagonists and neuroprotective agents.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Brain; Calcium; Carbon; Cell Death; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Ferric Compounds; Fetus; Free Radical Scavengers; Fullerenes; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen Peroxide; Intracellular Fluid; Nerve Degeneration; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, GABA; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter | 2000 |
Streptokinase binds preferentially to the extended conformation of plasminogen through lysine binding site and catalytic domain interactions.
Topics: Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; Aminocaproic Acid; Binding Sites; Catalytic Domain; Chlorides; Fibrinolysin; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Lysine; Plasminogen; Protein Conformation; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; Streptokinase | 2000 |
Independence of and interactions between GABA-, glutamate-, and acetylcholine-activated Cl conductances in Aplysia neurons.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Aplysia; beta-Alanine; Cells, Cultured; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Crotonates; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Agents; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglia, Invertebrate; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channel Gating; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, GABA; Receptors, Glutamate; Sulfates; Taurine | 2000 |
Peptide-induced Ca(2+) movements in a tonic insect muscle: effects of proctolin and periviscerokinin-2.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Chlorides; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Lanthanum; Manganese; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Tonus; Muscles; Neuropeptides; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nucleotides, Cyclic; Oligopeptides; Periplaneta; Potassium; Potassium Channel Blockers; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; Sarcolemma; Signal Transduction; Sodium; Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; Type C Phospholipases | 2000 |
Cl(-)-dependent excitotoxicity is associated with 3H2O influx in chick embryonic retina.
Topics: Animals; Cell Death; Chick Embryo; Chlorides; Deuterium Oxide; Excitatory Amino Acids; Glutamic Acid; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Mannitol; Neuroprotective Agents; Retina | 2000 |
Characterisation of inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic currents of the rat medial superior olive.
Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Electric Conductivity; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Olivary Nucleus; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, GABA; Receptors, Glycine; Synapses; Temperature; Time Factors | 2000 |
Construction of a high affinity zinc binding site in the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR1: noncompetitive antagonism originating from the amino-terminal domain of a family C G-protein-coupled receptor.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Binding Sites; Blotting, Western; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Chlorides; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Histidine; Humans; Immunoblotting; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Inositol Phosphates; Ions; Kinetics; Ligands; Lysine; Models, Molecular; Mutation; Plasmids; Point Mutation; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Transfection; Zinc; Zinc Compounds | 2001 |
GABA, not glutamate, a primary transmitter driving action potentials in developing hypothalamic neurons.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Bicuculline; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Gramicidin; Hypothalamus; Immunohistochemistry; In Vitro Techniques; Mice; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Receptors, Glutamate; Spinal Cord | 2001 |
Water transport by the human Na+-coupled glutamate cotransporter expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chlorides; Female; Glutamic Acid; Gramicidin; Humans; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Oocytes; Osmolar Concentration; Sodium; Thermodynamics; Water; Xenopus laevis | 2001 |
Electrophysiological characterization of "giant" cells in stratum radiatum of the CA3 hippocampal region.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine; Action Potentials; Animals; Axons; Bicuculline; Calcium; Cesium; Chlorides; Choline; Cyclopropanes; Dendrites; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Hippocampus; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Microscopy, Video; N-Methylaspartate; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Phosphinic Acids; Propanolamines; Pyramidal Cells; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Tetrodotoxin | 2001 |
Presynaptic glycine receptors enhance transmitter release at a mammalian central synapse.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Chlorides; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Pons; Rats; Receptors, Glycine; Synapses | 2001 |
Dibutyryl-cAMP (dbcAMP) up-regulates astrocytic chloride-dependent L-[3H]glutamate transport and expression of both system xc(-) subunits.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport; Bucladesine; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acids; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Kinetics; Protein Subunits; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic; Tritium | 2001 |
A novel protein involved in the functional assembly of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Calcium; Chlorides; Cyanobacteria; Genetic Complementation Test; Genome, Bacterial; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Open Reading Frames; Oxygen; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; Photosystem II Protein Complex; Restriction Mapping; Sequence Deletion; Transcription, Genetic | 2001 |
Sequential changes in AMPA and NMDA protein levels during Fe(3+)-induced epileptogenesis.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Calcium; Chlorides; Convulsants; Epilepsy; Ferric Compounds; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Injections; Ion Transport; Male; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Seizures; Synaptic Membranes; Up-Regulation | 2001 |
Amyloid beta proteins inhibit Cl(-)-ATPase activity in cultured rat hippocampal neurons.
Topics: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Anion Transport Proteins; Cell Fractionation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; DNA Fragmentation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Humans; Inositol; Neurons; Peptide Fragments; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; Phosphatidylinositols; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors | 2001 |
Contribution of the Na-K-Cl cotransporter on GABA(A) receptor-mediated presynaptic depolarization in excitatory nerve terminals.
Topics: Animals; Bumetanide; Carrier Proteins; Chlorides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; GABA Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Hypothalamus; In Vitro Techniques; Muscimol; Neurons; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, GABA-A; Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters; Synaptic Transmission; Tetrodotoxin; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | 2001 |
Endothelin-1 decreases glutamate uptake in primary cultured rat astrocytes.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Astrocytes; Barium Compounds; Blotting, Western; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Depression, Chemical; Endothelin-1; Glutamic Acid; Immunohistochemistry; Molecular Sequence Data; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Transduction, Genetic | 2001 |
Identification of the differentiation-associated Na+/PI transporter as a novel vesicular glutamate transporter expressed in a distinct set of glutamatergic synapses.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Antibodies; Biological Transport; Biomarkers; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carrier Proteins; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Membrane Potentials; Membrane Transport Proteins; Neural Pathways; Organ Specificity; PC12 Cells; Protein Isoforms; Rats; Spinal Cord; Synapses; Synaptic Vesicles; Transfection; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2; Vesicular Transport Proteins | 2002 |
Transgenic mice expressing a pH and Cl- sensing yellow-fluorescent protein under the control of a potassium channel promoter.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Chlorides; GABA Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Luminescent Proteins; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Microscopy, Confocal; Muscimol; Neurons; Potassium Channels; Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Shaw Potassium Channels | 2002 |
Astrocytes from Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter-null mice exhibit absence of swelling and decrease in EAA release.
Topics: 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Bumetanide; Cell Size; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Diuretics; Glutamic Acid; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Potassium; Rats; Sodium; Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters | 2002 |
Specific effects of chloride on the photocycle of E194Q and E204Q mutants of bacteriorhodopsin as measured by FTIR spectroscopy.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Bacteriorhodopsins; Chlorides; Freezing; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Light; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Potassium Chloride; Protons; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Water | 2002 |
Morphological study of demineralized dentine after caries removal using two different methods.
Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Acrylic Resins; Aluminum Chloride; Aluminum Compounds; Astringents; Chlorides; Collagen; Coloring Agents; Dental Bonding; Dental Caries; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Leucine; Lysine; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Phosphoric Acids; Porosity; Smear Layer | 2002 |
Determination of the ionization state and catalytic function of Glu-133 in peptide deformylase by difference FTIR spectroscopy.
Topics: Absorption; Alanine; Amides; Amidohydrolases; Amino Acid Substitution; Aminopeptidases; Aspartic Acid; Buffers; Catalysis; Chlorides; Cobalt; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Metalloproteins; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Protons; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared | 2002 |
Selective electrical silencing of mammalian neurons in vitro by the use of invertebrate ligand-gated chloride channels.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Cells, Cultured; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Electric Stimulation; Feasibility Studies; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Genes, Reporter; Genetic Vectors; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Ion Channel Gating; Ivermectin; Kidney; Ligands; Luminescent Proteins; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Sindbis Virus; Synaptic Transmission; Transfection | 2002 |
Anion channels influence ECC by modulating L-type Ca(2+) channel in ventricular myocytes.
Topics: Animals; Anions; Aspartic Acid; Calcium; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Chlorides; Cytosol; Female; Glutamic Acid; Heart Ventricles; Ion Channels; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Niflumic Acid; Nitrobenzoates; Osmotic Pressure; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2002 |
A biological role for prokaryotic ClC chloride channels.
Topics: Acids; Arginine; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Gene Deletion; Genes, Bacterial; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Transport; Liposomes; Phenotype; Proton Pumps | 2002 |
Cl(-) and glutamate(-) competition for a volume-regulated anion channel.
Topics: Anions; Binding, Competitive; Cell Line; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Ion Channels; Osmolar Concentration | 2002 |
Dynamic activity-induced manganese-dependent contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DAIM MRI).
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Brain; Brain Mapping; Chlorides; Contrast Media; Electric Stimulation; Glutamic Acid; Image Enhancement; Linear Models; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Manganese Compounds; Models, Animal; Probability; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sensitivity and Specificity; Somatosensory Cortex | 2002 |
Phosphatidylinositol and PI-4-monophosphate recover amyloid beta protein-induced inhibition of Cl- -ATPase activity.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Anion Transport Proteins; Cell Membrane; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; DNA Fragmentation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Neurons; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; Phosphatidylinositols; Rats | 2002 |
Calcium influx constitutes the ionic basis for the maintenance of glutamate-induced extended neuronal depolarization associated with hippocampal neuronal death.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain Injuries; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Signaling; Cell Death; Cell Membrane; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Extracellular Space; Gadolinium; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Membrane Potentials; Nerve Degeneration; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Glutamate; Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; Stroke; Zinc Compounds | 2003 |
The carboxyl side chain of glutamate 681 interacts with a chloride binding modifier site that allosterically modulates the dimeric conformational state of band 3 (AE1). Implications for the mechanism of anion/proton cotransport.
Topics: 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid; 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; Allosteric Regulation; Allosteric Site; Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte; Borohydrides; Chlorides; Dimerization; Erythrocyte Membrane; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Ion Transport; Isoxazoles; Kinetics; Models, Chemical; Peptide Fragments; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Subunits; Protons; Spectrometry, Fluorescence | 2003 |
Induction of NMDA and GABAA receptor-mediated Ca2+ oscillations with KCC2 mRNA downregulation in injured facial motoneurons.
Topics: Animals; Axotomy; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Chlorides; Down-Regulation; Facial Nerve; Facial Nerve Injuries; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression; Glutamic Acid; K Cl- Cotransporters; Male; Motor Neurons; Organ Culture Techniques; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger; Symporters | 2003 |
Ontogeny of rhythmic motor patterns generated in the embryonic rat spinal cord.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Chlorides; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gestational Age; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Motor Neurons; Neural Inhibition; Pregnancy; Rats; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Glycine; Receptors, Nicotinic; Spinal Cord | 2003 |
Dietary protein restriction causes modification in aluminum-induced alteration in glutamate and GABA system of rat brain.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Aluminum; Aluminum Chloride; Aluminum Compounds; Animals; Body Weight; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cerebellum; Chlorides; Diet, Protein-Restricted; Dietary Proteins; Drug Administration Schedule; Eating; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Telencephalon; Thalamus | 2003 |
Stimulation of sodium pump restores membrane potential to neurons excited by glutamate in zebrafish distal retina.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Calibration; Chlorides; Electric Stimulation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Immunohistochemistry; Interneurons; Ion Channel Gating; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Ouabain; Potassium Channels; Receptors, Glutamate; Retina; Sodium Channels; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Stimulation, Chemical; Zebrafish | 2003 |
Na-K-Cl cotransporter contributes to glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Bumetanide; Cell Death; Cell Hypoxia; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Diuretics; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Oxygen; Rats; Sodium; Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters | 2003 |
Rules of conduct for the cystic fibrosis anion channel.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Bicarbonates; Chlorides; Cystic Fibrosis; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Hydrolysis; Ion Channel Gating; Ion Transport; Substrate Specificity | 2003 |
Fulfenamic acid sensitive, Ca(2+)-dependent inward current induced by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in dopamine neurons.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Calcium; Carbachol; Chelating Agents; Chlorides; Cholinergic Agonists; Dopamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Egtazic Acid; Electric Conductivity; Flufenamic Acid; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Lactones; Lysine; Mecamylamine; Membrane Potentials; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurons; Nicotinic Antagonists; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Phenytoin; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Nicotinic; Sesquiterpenes; Substantia Nigra; Ventral Tegmental Area | 2003 |
EFFECT OF CATIONS UPON HYDROPHOBICITY OF YEASTS GROWN IN AMINO ACID MEDIA.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonium Compounds; Cations; Chlorides; Culture Media; Glutamic Acid; Histidine; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Lysine; Nitrogen; Phenylalanine; Proline; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Research; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Valine; Yeasts | 1963 |
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF THE FROG SKELETAL MUSCLE MEMBRANE IN CL-FREE SULPHATE-, FERROCYANIDE-, AND GLUTAMATE-RINGER'S SOLUTIONS.
Topics: Animals; Anura; Chlorides; Chlorine; Electrophysiology; Ferrocyanides; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Isotonic Solutions; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscles; Permeability; Pharmacology; Potassium; Research; Ringer's Solution; Solutions; Sulfates | 1963 |
EFFECT OF INORGANIC IONS ON THE ACTIVITY OF L-GLUTAMIC ACID DEHYDROGENASE.
Topics: Acetates; Ammonia; Animals; Chlorides; Crustacea; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamic Acid; Muscles; Nitrates; Pharmacology; Research; Salts; Sulfates | 1964 |
N-terminal extension of canine glutamine synthetase created by splicing alters its enzymatic property.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Alternative Splicing; Animals; Blotting, Western; Chlorides; Chromatography, Gel; DNA Primers; Dogs; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Escherichia coli; Exons; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Humans; Hydroxylamine; Ions; Kinetics; Luminescent Proteins; Metals; Methionine Sulfoximine; Mice; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Conformation; Protein Isoforms; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Recombinant Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Tissue Distribution; Transcription, Genetic; Tryptophan | 2004 |
A conserved pore-lining glutamate as a voltage- and chloride-dependent gate in the ClC-2 chloride channel.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Conserved Sequence; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Channel Gating; Membrane Potentials; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Transfection | 2003 |
Differential effects of zinc on glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmitter systems in the hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Chelating Agents; Chlorides; Dizocilpine Maleate; Down-Regulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Male; Neural Inhibition; Neural Pathways; Presynaptic Terminals; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, AMPA; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Up-Regulation; Zinc; Zinc Compounds | 2004 |
The chloride permeation pathway of a glutamate transporter and its proximity to the glutamate translocation pathway.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chlorides; Cloning, Molecular; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Female; Glutamic Acid; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oocytes; Peptide Fragments; Protein Conformation; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Alignment; Xenopus laevis | 2004 |
[Early postdenervation depolarization: effect of NO, acetylcholine and glutamates on chloride transporter and a general view of nerve functions].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Calcineurin; Chlorides; Electrophysiology; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Ion Transport; Motor Endplate; Muscle Denervation; Muscle, Skeletal; Neuromuscular Junction; Nitric Oxide; Synaptic Transmission | 2003 |
Chloride channel blockers activate an endogenous cationic current in oocytes of Bufo arenarum.
Topics: Animals; Anthracenes; Barium; Bufo arenarum; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Glutamic Acid; Ion Channels; Membrane Potentials; Niflumic Acid; Oocytes; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium | 2004 |
Glutamate-induced elevations in intracellular chloride concentration in hippocampal cell cultures derived from EYFP-expressing mice.
Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Bacterial Proteins; Benzopyrans; Bicuculline; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Furosemide; GABA Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intracellular Space; Luminescent Proteins; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice, Transgenic; N-Methylaspartate; Naphthols; Neurons; Nitrobenzoates; Potassium; Rhodamines; Time Factors | 2004 |
Applied field nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of ion exit from a beta-barrel model of the L-type calcium channel.
Topics: Algorithms; Binding Sites; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Cations; Chlorides; Electromagnetic Fields; Glutamic Acid; Ion Channel Gating; Ions; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Models, Biological; Molecular Conformation; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Sodium; Time Factors | 2004 |
Modulation of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) by glutamate.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Binding Sites; Brain; Chlorides; Dopamine; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Mitochondria, Liver; Rats; Sheep; Sodium; Synaptic Potentials; Synaptosomes; Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels | 2000 |
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs protect amyloid beta protein-induced increase in the intracellular Cl- concentration in cultured rat hippocampal neurons.
Topics: Amyloid beta-Peptides; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Intracellular Space; Neurons; Quinolinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2004 |
Ion transit pathways and gating in ClC chloride channels.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Electrophysiology; Escherichia coli K12; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Channel Gating; Membrane Potentials; Mutation; Software | 2004 |
Exterior site occupancy infers chloride-induced proton gating in a prokaryotic homolog of the ClC chloride channel.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Anions; Binding Sites; Cell Membrane; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Chlorine; Computer Simulation; Databases as Topic; Electrochemistry; Electrolytes; Electrons; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen; Ions; Lipid Bilayers; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Protein Conformation; Protons; Salmonella; Software; Time Factors | 2004 |
Structure of shikimate kinase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals the binding of shikimic acid.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Amino Acid Sequence; Arginine; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Chlorides; Chlorine; Cloning, Molecular; Crystallography, X-Ray; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Ions; Kinetics; Magnesium; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Shikimic Acid; Substrate Specificity; Tuberculosis | 2004 |
Mercury compounds disrupt neuronal glutamate transport in cultured mouse cerebellar granule cells.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antioxidants; Aspartic Acid; Blotting, Western; Cell Death; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Chlorides; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Electrochemistry; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Mercury Compounds; Mice; Neurons; Phosphines; Symporters; Tritium | 2005 |
Excitotoxic death induced by released glutamate in depolarized primary cultures of mouse cerebellar granule cells is dependent on GABAA receptors and niflumic acid-sensitive chloride channels.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; Cell Death; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Immunohistochemistry; Mice; Naphthalenes; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Niflumic Acid; Oxepins; Potassium Chloride; Propidium; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Riluzole; Tritium | 2005 |
GABAergic neurons in the central region of the spinal cord: a novel substrate for sympathetic inhibition.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Action Potentials; Animals; Autonomic Fibers, Preganglionic; Axonal Transport; Bicuculline; Chlorides; Electric Stimulation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Glutamic Acid; Herpesvirus 1, Suid; Homeostasis; In Situ Hybridization; Interneurons; Isoenzymes; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Spinal Cord; Strychnine | 2005 |
Expression and transport function of the glutamate transporter EAAC1 in Xenopus oocytes is regulated by syntaxin 1A.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Antigens, Surface; Blotting, Western; Chlorides; Cloning, Molecular; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Microinjections; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Oocytes; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Protein Transport; Symporters; Syntaxin 1; Tritium; Xenopus | 2005 |
Role of the covalent glutamic acid 242-heme linkage in the formation and reactivity of redox intermediates of human myeloperoxidase.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Bromides; Chlorides; CHO Cells; Circular Dichroism; Cricetinae; Cyanides; Enzyme Stability; Eosinophil Peroxidase; Ferric Compounds; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Heme; Humans; Methionine; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxidase; Recombinant Proteins | 2005 |
The fast gating mechanism in ClC-0 channels.
Topics: Biophysics; Chlorides; Chlorine; Computer Simulation; Crystallography, X-Ray; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Gramicidin; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Channel Gating; Ions; Membrane Potentials; Models, Molecular; Models, Theoretical; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protons; Time Factors | 2005 |
Galphao2 regulates vesicular glutamate transporter activity by changing its chloride dependence.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Antibodies; Blotting, Western; Chlorides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Glutamic Acid; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go; Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Potassium Chloride; R-SNARE Proteins; Rats; Synaptic Vesicles; Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25; Tritium; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Proteins | 2005 |
Developmental change in the calcium sensor for synaptic vesicle endocytosis in central nerve terminals.
Topics: Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Barium Compounds; Blotting, Western; Calcineurin; Calcium Chloride; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Chlorides; Endocytosis; Exocytosis; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glutamic Acid; Neurons; Presynaptic Terminals; Pyridinium Compounds; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptic Vesicles; Synaptosomes; Time Factors | 2005 |
The in vitro uptake of glutamate in GLAST and GLT-1 transfected mutant CHO-K1 cells is inhibited by manganese.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Central Nervous System; Chlorides; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; D-Aspartic Acid; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Manganese; Manganese Compounds; Mutation; Neurons; Substantia Nigra; Time Factors; Trace Elements; Transfection | 2005 |
Smart chemical taste sensor for determination and prediction of taste qualities based on a two-phase optimized radial basis function network.
Topics: Algorithms; Biosensing Techniques; Caffeine; Chlorides; Electrodes; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Neural Networks, Computer; Potassium; Sodium; Sucrose; Taste | 2005 |
Actions of glutamate and ivermectin on the pharyngeal muscle of Ascaridia galli: a comparative study with Caenorhabditis elegans.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Antinematodal Agents; Ascaridia; Caenorhabditis elegans; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrophysiology; Glutamic Acid; Ivermectin; Membrane Potentials; Pharyngeal Muscles; Picrotoxin; Species Specificity | 2006 |
Chloride ion efflux from liposomes is controlled by sidechains in a channel-forming heptapeptide.
Topics: Amides; Amino Acid Sequence; Carboxylic Acids; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Esters; Glutamic Acid; Ions; Liposomes; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Structure; Oligopeptides; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phospholipids; Proline; Protein Binding; Time Factors | 2006 |
Chloride-dependency of amyloid beta protein-induced enhancement of glutamate neurotoxicity in cultured rat hippocampal neurons.
Topics: Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Apoptosis; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Embryo, Mammalian; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Intracellular Space; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Mitochondria; Neurons; Peptide Fragments; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phosphorylation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src); Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tyrosine | 2006 |
L-glutamate activates RhoA GTPase leading to suppression of astrocyte stellation.
Topics: Actins; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aspartic Acid; Astrocytes; Blotting, Western; Cell Size; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; GTP Phosphohydrolases; Immunohistochemistry; Manganese Compounds; Protein Transport; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein; Signal Transduction; Time Factors | 2006 |
Roles of two types of anion channels in glutamate release from mouse astrocytes under ischemic or osmotic stress.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Brain; Brain Edema; Brain Ischemia; Cell Membrane; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cells, Cultured; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Gadolinium; Glutamic Acid; Hypotonic Solutions; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Osmotic Pressure; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Stress, Physiological; Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels | 2006 |
Biochemical and molecular characterization of the biosynthesis of glutamine and glutamate, two major compatible solutes in the moderately halophilic bacterium Halobacillus halophilus.
Topics: Bacillaceae; Chlorides; DNA, Bacterial; Enzyme Induction; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Molecular Sequence Data; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride | 2006 |
CLC-3 channels modulate excitatory synaptic transmission in hippocampal neurons.
Topics: Animals; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; Cell Differentiation; Cell Membrane; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Down-Regulation; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synapses; Synaptic Membranes; Synaptic Transmission; Synaptosomes | 2006 |
Vesicular glutamate transporter contains two independent transport machineries.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Arginine; Biological Transport; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Histidine; Insecta; Membrane Potentials; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Phosphates; Sodium; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2 | 2006 |
Estimate of the chloride concentration in a central glutamatergic terminal: a gramicidin perforated-patch study on the calyx of Held.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Brain Stem; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Gramicidin; In Vitro Techniques; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2006 |
Down-regulation of Cl- pump ClP55 subunit induced enhancement of glutamate neurotoxicity in cultured rat hippocampal neurons.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Anion Transport Proteins; Apoptosis; Carbon-Sulfur Lyases; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Down-Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Ion Pumps; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Protein Subunits; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2007 |
Activation of a novel injury-induced calcium-permeable channel that plays a key role in causing extended neuronal depolarization and initiating neuronal death in excitotoxic neuronal injury.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Cobalt; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Impedance; Ethosuximide; Gadolinium; Glutamic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Nifedipine; omega-Conotoxins; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium; Stroke; Zinc Compounds | 2007 |
Functional role for redox in the epileptogenesis: molecular regulation of glutamate in the hippocampus of FeCl3-induced limbic epilepsy model.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Chlorides; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsy; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Ferric Compounds; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Male; Microdialysis; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Statistics, Nonparametric | 2007 |
Overexpression of CLC-3 in HEK293T cells yields novel currents that are pH dependent.
Topics: Cell Line; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Membrane Potentials; Mutation; Phloretin; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Tamoxifen; Time Factors; Transfection | 2008 |
[Effect of dizocilpine maleate and taurine on the circuitry of glutamate and glutamine in rat striatum exposed by manganese].
Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Corpus Striatum; Dizocilpine Maleate; Environmental Pollutants; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Manganese; Manganese Compounds; Neuroprotective Agents; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Taurine | 2008 |
Mouse Ae1 E699Q mediates SO42-i/anion-o exchange with [SO42-]i-dependent reversal of wild-type pHo sensitivity.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte; Anions; Borohydrides; Chlorides; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isoxazoles; Kinetics; Mesylates; Mice; Oocytes; Sulfates; Sulfonic Acids; Xenopus laevis | 2008 |
Synthesis and capping of water-dispersed gold nanoparticles by an amino acid: bioconjugation and binding studies.
Topics: Amino Acids; Carboxylic Acids; Chlorides; Circular Dichroism; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; Glutamic Acid; Gold; Gold Compounds; Light; Metal Nanoparticles; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Nanotechnology; Scattering, Radiation; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Surface Properties | 2008 |
Acute effect of manganese on hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone secretion in adult male rats: involvement of specific neurotransmitter systems.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Calcium Chloride; Chlorides; Dopamine; Endocrine Disruptors; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Hypothalamus; Male; Manganese Compounds; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Prolactin; Prostaglandins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors | 2008 |
Effect of taurine on the concentrations of glutamate, GABA, glutamine and alanine in the rat striatum and hippocampus.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Chlorides; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Neostriatum; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Taurine | 2007 |
Glutamine-induced membrane currents in cultured rat hippocampal neurons.
Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Embryo, Mammalian; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Sodium | 2008 |
Attenuation of abnormal glutamate release in zinc deficiency by zinc and Yokukansan.
Topics: Animals; Brain Diseases, Metabolic; Chlorides; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endocytosis; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Extracellular Fluid; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Hyperkalemia; Male; Mossy Fibers, Hippocampal; Organ Culture Techniques; Potassium; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synaptic Transmission; Zinc; Zinc Compounds | 2008 |
Sustained depolarizing shift of the GABA reversal potential by glutamate receptor activation in hippocampal neurons.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Bumetanide; Calcium; Chlorides; Electric Stimulation; Embryo, Mammalian; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Agents; Furosemide; GABA Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Membrane Potentials; Muscimol; Neural Inhibition; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Organ Culture Techniques; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; Time Factors | 2008 |
Glutamate transporter-mediated glutamate secretion in the mammalian pineal gland.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Cesium; Chlorides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Exocytosis; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Kainic Acid; Macrolides; Magnesium; Male; Melatonin; Membrane Potentials; Pineal Gland; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2008 |
Developmental sensitivity of hippocampal interneurons to ethanol: involvement of the hyperpolarization-activated current, Ih.
Topics: Action Potentials; Aging; Animals; Central Nervous System Depressants; Cesium; Chlorides; Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Electrophysiology; Ethanol; GABA Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels; Interneurons; Male; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium Channels; Pyramidal Cells; Pyrimidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2009 |
Intracellular proton-transfer mutants in a CLC Cl-/H+ exchanger.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Antiporters; Binding Sites; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Cysteine; Cytoplasm; Energy Transfer; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Transport; Kinetics; Mutant Proteins; Protein Conformation; Protons; Static Electricity; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thermodynamics | 2009 |
Voltage-dependent and -independent titration of specific residues accounts for complex gating of a ClC chloride channel by extracellular protons.
Topics: Animals; Antiporters; Cell Line; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; CLC-2 Chloride Channels; Computer Simulation; Evolution, Molecular; Glutamic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Histidine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Channel Gating; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Mutation; Protein Conformation; Transfection | 2009 |
A chloride conductance in VGLUT1 underlies maximal glutamate loading into synaptic vesicles.
Topics: Acids; Animals; Brain; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Endocytosis; Glutamic Acid; Ion Channel Gating; Liposomes; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Neurons; Synaptic Vesicles; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1 | 2009 |
It's the proton also in ClC-2.
Topics: Animals; Antiporters; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; CLC-2 Chloride Channels; Evolution, Molecular; Glutamic Acid; Histidine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Channel Gating; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Mutation; Protein Conformation | 2009 |
Robust short-latency perisomatic inhibition onto neocortical pyramidal cells detected by laser-scanning photostimulation.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials; Interneurons; Membrane Potentials; Neural Inhibition; Photic Stimulation; Pyramidal Cells; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Synapses; Time Factors | 2009 |
The protective effect of riluzole on manganese caused disruption of glutamate-glutamine cycle in rats.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Chlorides; Corpus Striatum; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Female; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutaminase; Glutamine; Male; Manganese; Manganese Compounds; Manganese Poisoning; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Riluzole; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase | 2009 |
Synchronization of GABAergic inputs to CA3 pyramidal cells precedes seizure-like event onset in juvenile rat hippocampal slices.
Topics: Aging; Animals; CA3 Region, Hippocampal; Chlorides; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Intracellular Space; Magnesium Deficiency; Male; Periodicity; Picrotoxin; Pyramidal Cells; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, GABA-A; Seizures; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Time Factors | 2009 |
Glutamatergic and GABAergic effects of fipronil on olfactory learning and memory in the honeybee.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Bees; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Crotonates; Dicarboxylic Acids; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Insect Proteins; Insecticides; Learning; Membrane Potentials; Memory; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Olfactory Perception; Pyrazoles; Pyrrolidines | 2009 |
The ClC-3 Cl-/H+ antiporter becomes uncoupled at low extracellular pH.
Topics: Acids; Animals; Aorta; Cell Compartmentation; Cell Line; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Humans; Hydrogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kidney; Membrane Potentials; Mesylates; Mice; Mice, Mutant Strains; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Mutagenesis; Patch-Clamp Techniques; RNA, Small Interfering; Sulfhydryl Reagents | 2010 |
The combined effects on neuronal activation and blood-brain barrier permeability of time and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in mice, as measured in vivo using MEMRI.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Brain Mapping; Capillary Permeability; Chlorides; Cultured Milk Products; Diet; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fish Oils; Glutamic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Manganese Compounds; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL | 2010 |
Vesicular glutamate transport promotes dopamine storage and glutamate corelease in vivo.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Catecholamines; Cell Line, Transformed; Chlorides; Choline; Cocaine; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Glutamic Acid; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Luminescent Proteins; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Motor Activity; Neurons; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Serotonin; Synaptic Vesicles; Transfection; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2 | 2010 |
Presynaptic glycine receptors influence plasma membrane potential and glutamate release.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cell Membrane; Chlorides; Cytosol; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Glycine Agents; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Membrane Potentials; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glycine; Receptors, Presynaptic; Strychnine; Synaptosomes | 2010 |
Proton block of the CLC-5 Cl-/H+ exchanger.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Channel Gating; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Protein Conformation; Structure-Activity Relationship; Xenopus | 2010 |
The glutamate effect on DNA binding by pol I DNA polymerases: osmotic stress and the effective reversal of salt linkage.
Topics: Base Sequence; Chlorides; DNA Polymerase I; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Fluorescence Polarization; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Kinetics; Osmotic Pressure; Potassium Chloride; Salts; Taq Polymerase; Thermodynamics; Water | 2010 |
Allosteric potentiation of glycine receptor chloride currents by glutamate.
Topics: Allosteric Regulation; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Biophysical Phenomena; Cells, Cultured; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Electric Stimulation; Embryo, Mammalian; Excitatory Amino Acid Agents; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Glycine Agents; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials; Ion Channel Gating; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glycine; Spinal Cord; Strychnine; Transfection | 2010 |
Metabolic control of vesicular glutamate transport and release.
Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Acetoacetates; Animals; Astrocytes; Behavior, Animal; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Embryo, Mammalian; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Exocytosis; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Ketone Bodies; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microdialysis; Models, Biological; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium Channel Blockers; Rats; Seizures; Synaptic Vesicles; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2 | 2010 |
Structure of a eukaryotic CLC transporter defines an intermediate state in the transport cycle.
Topics: Algal Proteins; Animals; Antiporters; Binding Sites; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Crystallization; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cystathionine beta-Synthase; Cytoplasm; Glutamic Acid; Ion Channel Gating; Ion Transport; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Protein Conformation; Protein Multimerization; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protein Subunits; Protons; Rhodophyta | 2010 |
Structural biology. The Tao of chloride transporter structure.
Topics: Algal Proteins; Antiporters; Binding Sites; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Crystallization; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cytoplasm; Eukaryota; Glutamic Acid; Ion Channel Gating; Ion Transport; Models, Molecular; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protons | 2010 |
Design of an efficient medium for heterologous protein production in Yarrowia lipolytica: case of human interferon alpha 2b.
Topics: Chlorides; Culture Media; Ferric Compounds; Fungal Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Interferon alpha-2; Interferon-alpha; Oleic Acid; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Recombinant Proteins; Research Design; Yarrowia | 2011 |
Combining membrane potential imaging with L-glutamate or GABA photorelease.
Topics: Animals; Calibration; Chlorides; Dendrites; Fluorescence; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neural Inhibition; Neuroimaging; Optical Phenomena; Photolysis; Purkinje Cells | 2011 |
Acetylcholine activates a chloride channel as well as glutamate and GABA.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Astacoidea; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Cholinergic Agonists; GABA Agents; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Muscles; Patch-Clamp Techniques | 1988 |
GABA-mediated spatial and temporal asymmetries that contribute to the directionally selective light responses of starburst amacrine cells in retina.
Topics: Amacrine Cells; Animals; Chlorides; Dendrites; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Light; Membrane Potentials; Models, Neurological; Rabbits | 2012 |
Pannexin 1 forms an anion-selective channel.
Topics: Anions; Aspartic Acid; Cell Line; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chlorides; Connexins; Glutamic Acid; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Ion Channels; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels | 2012 |
The effects of glutamate and citrate on absorption and distribution of aluminum in rats.
Topics: Adsorption; Aluminum; Aluminum Chloride; Aluminum Compounds; Animals; Chlorides; Citric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2012 |
The protective effects of riluzole on manganese-induced disruption of glutamate transporters and glutamine synthetase in the cultured astrocytes.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Biological Transport; Blotting, Western; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Activation; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Manganese; Manganese Compounds; Manganese Poisoning; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Riluzole; RNA, Messenger; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Toxicity Tests, Chronic | 2012 |
Effects of chronic memantine treatment on hippocampal extracellular glutamate and GABA levels during spatial alternation testing.
Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Male; Maze Learning; Memantine; Memory, Short-Term; Microdialysis; Motor Activity; Potassium; Rats | 2012 |
Intracellular pH regulation in unstimulated Calliphora salivary glands is Na+ dependent and requires V-ATPase activity.
Topics: 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; Alkalies; Amiloride; Amino Acid Sequence; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Biological Transport; Chlorides; Diptera; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intracellular Space; Models, Biological; Molecular Sequence Data; Rest; Salivary Glands; Sodium; Solutions; Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases | 2012 |
Molecular dynamics investigation of Cl- and water transport through a eukaryotic CLC transporter.
Topics: Binding Sites; Biological Transport; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Eukaryotic Cells; Glutamic Acid; Intracellular Space; Ion Channel Gating; Ions; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Protein Stability; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protons; Rhodophyta; Solutions; Thermodynamics; Time Factors; Water | 2012 |
Mechanism of Mn(II)-mediated dysregulation of glutamine-glutamate cycle: focus on glutamate turnover.
Topics: Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Blotting, Western; Caspase Inhibitors; Caspases; Cell Nucleus; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Cytosol; Endocytosis; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Immunoprecipitation; Indicators and Reagents; Lysosomes; Manganese Compounds; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; Protein Kinase C; Protein Kinase C-alpha; Protein Kinase C-delta; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Small Interfering; Signal Transduction; Translocation, Genetic; Ubiquitination | 2012 |
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor- and calpain-mediated proteolytic cleavage of K+-Cl- cotransporter-2 impairs spinal chloride homeostasis in neuropathic pain.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Calpain; Chlorides; Electrophysiology; Glutamic Acid; Homeostasis; K Cl- Cotransporters; Male; Neuralgia; Neuronal Plasticity; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Small Interfering; Symporters; Synapses | 2012 |
Determination of glutamate uptake by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in preparations of retinal tissue.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Chickens; Chlorides; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glutamic Acid; Homoserine; Reproducibility of Results; Retina; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Temperature; Zinc Compounds | 2012 |
Surprises from an unusual CLC homolog.
Topics: Antiporters; Bacterial Proteins; Binding Sites; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Citrobacter koseri; Glutamic Acid; Ion Transport; Isoleucine; Mutation, Missense; Protons | 2012 |
GABAA , NMDA and mGlu2 receptors tonically regulate inhibition and excitation in the thalamic reticular nucleus.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Chlorides; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei; Neurons; Presynaptic Terminals; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Secretory Pathway; Synaptic Vesicles | 2013 |
[Summation of GABA- and glutamate-mediated currents in rat cortical neurons].
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Cesium; Chlorides; Fluorides; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Microelectrodes; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptor Cross-Talk; Receptors, GABA; Receptors, Glutamate | 2012 |
Disrupted Cl(-) homeostasis contributes to reductions in the inhibitory efficacy of diazepam during hyperexcited states.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Diazepam; Furosemide; GABA Modulators; Glutamic Acid; Homeostasis; K Cl- Cotransporters; Muscimol; Neural Inhibition; Propofol; Pyramidal Cells; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; Symporters | 2013 |
Correlating efficacy and desensitization with GluK2 ligand-binding domain movements.
Topics: Animals; Anions; Binding Sites; Chlorides; Crystallography, X-Ray; GluK2 Kainate Receptor; Glutamic Acid; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Kainic Acid; Ligands; Mutant Proteins; Mutation; Phenotype; Protein Binding; Protein Multimerization; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Rats; Receptors, Kainic Acid | 2013 |
Dehydroepiandrosterone's antiepileptic action in FeCl3-induced epileptogenesis involves upregulation of glutamate transporters.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Chlorides; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Epilepsy; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; Ferric Compounds; Glutamic Acid; Male; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA; Seizures | 2013 |
Molecular determinants of common gating of a ClC chloride channel.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Binding Sites; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Evolution, Molecular; Gene Expression; Glutamic Acid; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Ion Channel Gating; Models, Molecular; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Protein Binding; Protein Multimerization; Protein Subunits; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Torpedo; Tyrosine | 2013 |
Vesicular glutamate transporters use flexible anion and cation binding sites for efficient accumulation of neurotransmitter.
Topics: Animals; Anions; Binding Sites; Cations, Monovalent; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Liposomes; Mice; Neurotransmitter Agents; Potassium; Rats; Synaptic Vesicles; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1 | 2014 |
Unveiling the secret lives of glutamate transporters: VGLUTs engage in multiple transport modes.
Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Neurotransmitter Agents; Potassium; Synaptic Vesicles; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1 | 2014 |
Feedback-induced glutamate spillover enhances negative feedback from horizontal cells to cones.
Topics: Action Potentials; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Calcium; Chlorides; Exocytosis; Feedback, Physiological; Glutamic Acid; Goldfish; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells; Retinal Horizontal Cells | 2015 |
Chloride is an Agonist of Group II and III Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Glutamic Acid; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation, Missense; Protein Binding; Rats; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate | 2015 |
GLT-1 Transport Stoichiometry Is Constant at Low and High Glutamate Concentrations when Chloride Is Substituted by Gluconate.
Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Chlorocebus aethiops; COS Cells; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Gluconates; Glutamic Acid; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Sodium; Synaptic Transmission | 2015 |
Gating the glutamate gate of CLC-2 chloride channel by pore occupancy.
Topics: Anions; Cell Line; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; CLC-2 Chloride Channels; Glutamic Acid; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Channel Gating | 2016 |
Preventive Effect of 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl Alcohol (DHMBA) and Zinc, Components of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas, on Glutamatergic Neuron Activity in the Hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Anisoles; Antioxidants; Calcium; Chlorides; Crassostrea; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Male; Mice; Neurons; Potassium; Rats; Signal Transduction; Zinc Compounds | 2015 |
Protective effect of citicoline against aluminum-induced cognitive impairments in rats.
Topics: Aluminum; Aluminum Chloride; Aluminum Compounds; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; Chlorides; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cytidine Diphosphate Choline; Environmental Pollutants; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Maze Learning; Memory, Short-Term; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Nitric Oxide; Nootropic Agents; Oxidative Stress; Rats, Wistar | 2017 |
Oxidative stress and glutamate excitotoxicity contribute to apoptosis in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Brain; Chlorides; Ferric Compounds; Glutamic Acid; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial; Superoxide Dismutase | 2016 |
Sodium para-aminosalicylate protected cultured basal ganglia astrocytes from manganese-induced DNA damages and alteration of amino acid neurotransmitter levels.
Topics: Aminosalicylic Acid; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes; Basal Ganglia; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Cytoprotection; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Manganese Compounds; Manganese Poisoning; Protective Agents; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2016 |
Two Cl Ions and a Glu Compete for a Helix Cage in the CLC Proton/Cl
Topics: Anions; Antiporters; Chlorides; Computer Simulation; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Models, Molecular; Monte Carlo Method; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protons; Static Electricity; Thermodynamics | 2017 |
Involvement of gap junctions in astrocyte impairment induced by manganese exposure.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Astrocytes; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Connexin 43; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gap Junctions; Gene Expression; Glutamic Acid; Homeostasis; Manganese Compounds; Primary Cell Culture; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 2018 |
The dual role of chloride in synaptic vesicle glutamate transport.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Biological Transport; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Rats; Synaptic Vesicles; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Proteins | 2018 |
Chloride ions stabilize the glutamate-induced active state of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 3.
Topics: Allosteric Regulation; Binding Sites; Cells, Cultured; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Inosine Monophosphate; Luminescent Measurements; Mutation; Radioligand Assay; Receptors, AMPA | 2018 |
Nitric oxide and glutamate are contributors of anti-seizure activity of rubidium chloride: A comparison with lithium.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Lithium Chloride; Male; Mice; Neuroprotective Agents; Nitric Oxide; Pentylenetetrazole; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Rubidium; Seizures; Signal Transduction | 2019 |
Ion transport and regulation in a synaptic vesicle glutamate transporter.
Topics: Allosteric Regulation; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Glutamic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Transport; Membrane Potentials; Protein Domains; Rats; Synaptic Vesicles; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2 | 2020 |
Dual-Reporting Transcriptionally Linked Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Indicators Resolve the Spatiotemporal Coordination of Cytosolic Abscisic Acid and Second Messenger Dynamics in Arabidopsis.
Topics: Abscisic Acid; Adenosine Triphosphate; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Calcium; Chlorides; Cytosol; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; Fluorescent Dyes; Glutamic Acid; Glutathione Disulfide; Hydrogen; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indoleacetic Acids; Oxidation-Reduction; Plant Roots; Second Messenger Systems; Transcription, Genetic | 2020 |
Structures and pH-sensing mechanism of the proton-activated chloride channel.
Topics: Anions; Binding Sites; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Channel Gating; Ion Transport; Lysine; Models, Molecular; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Protein Subunits; Protons; Rotation; Single Molecule Imaging; Substrate Specificity | 2020 |
Proton-dependent inhibition, inverted voltage activation, and slow gating of CLC-0 Chloride Channel.
Topics: Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Channel Gating; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Protons; Structural Homology, Protein | 2020 |
Glutamate transporters have a chloride channel with two hydrophobic gates.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Brain; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Crystallography, X-Ray; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Models, Molecular; Mutation; Oocytes; Protein Conformation; Xenopus laevis | 2021 |
Allosteric Inhibition of a Vesicular Glutamate Transporter by an Isoform-Specific Antibody.
Topics: Allosteric Regulation; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Chlorides; Epitopes; Glutamic Acid; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Protein Isoforms; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Proteins; Xenopus laevis | 2021 |
Database of glutamate-gated chloride (GluCl) subunits across 125 nematode species: patterns of gene accretion and sequence diversification.
Topics: Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid | 2022 |
Microscopic Characterization of the Chloride Permeation Pathway in the Human Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 (EAAT1).
Topics: Chlorides; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Sodium | 2022 |
Atomistic insight into the luminal allosteric regulation of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 by chloride and protons: An all-atom molecular dynamics simulation study.
Topics: Allosteric Regulation; Chlorides; Glutamic Acid; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Protons; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2 | 2022 |
Bestrophin-2 and glutamine synthetase form a complex for glutamate release.
Topics: Bestrophins; Cell Membrane; Chlorides; Ciliary Body; Epithelial Cells; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine | 2022 |
[The cross desensitization and modulation of Cl currents activated by gamma-aminobutyric acid and L-glutamate in the isolated neurons of Aplysia].
Topics: Animals; Aplysia; Chlorine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Ion Channel Gating; Ion Channels; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Temperature | 1990 |
Thiokynurenates: a new group of antagonists of the glycine modulatory site of the NMDA receptor.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorine; Fluorine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; Ion Channels; Kynurenic Acid; Mice; Muscle Contraction; Myenteric Plexus; Phencyclidine; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1991 |
[Effect of potassium glutamate on water-electrolyte metabolism and acid-base balance of persons of different ages].
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Adult; Aged; Aging; Arteriosclerosis; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Chlorine; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Potassium; Sodium; Time Factors; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1984 |
Modulation of glutamate neurotoxicity on mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in primary cultures by the presence of striatal target cells.
Topics: Animals; Cell Count; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Chlorine; Coculture Techniques; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glutamic Acid; Immunohistochemistry; Iodine; Lethal Dose 50; Mesencephalon; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Phencyclidine; Phenols; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Rats; Salicylates; Substantia Nigra; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2000 |
Modifications of alamethicin ion channels by substitution of Glu-7 for Gln-7.
Topics: Alamethicin; Amino Acid Sequence; Anions; Biophysical Phenomena; Biophysics; Chlorine; Electrophysiology; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ionophores; Ions; Lipid Bilayers; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptides; Potassium | 2002 |
Examining the role of glutamic acid 183 in chloroperoxidase catalysis.
Topics: Aspergillus niger; Catalase; Catalysis; Chloride Peroxidase; Chlorine; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Circular Dichroism; Crystallography, X-Ray; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Fungi; Glutamic Acid; Histidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immunoblotting; Isoelectric Focusing; Mutation; Oxidoreductases; Plasmids | 2003 |
A receptor for presynaptic glutamatergic autoinhibition is a glutamate transporter.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Astacoidea; Chlorine; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Ion Channels; Muscle, Skeletal; Neural Inhibition; Neuromuscular Junction; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Presynaptic; Sodium; Synaptic Transmission | 2003 |
Volume-dependent glutamate permeation depends on transmembrane ionic strength and extracellular Cl-.
Topics: Cell Line; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cell Size; Chlorine; Extracellular Space; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Ion Channels; Ions; Kidney; Membrane Potentials; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2004 |
Different functional roles of arginine residues 39 and 61 and tyrosine residue 98 in transport and channel mode of the glutamate transporter EAAC1.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Animals; Anions; Arginine; Biological Transport; Chlorine; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Glutamic Acid; Mice; Mutation; Nitrates; Oocytes; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Protein Binding; Symporters; Tryptophan; Xenopus | 2004 |
Interfacial interactions of glutamate, water and ions with carbon nanopore evaluated by molecular dynamics simulations.
Topics: Carbon; Chlorine; Computer Simulation; Diffusion; Glutamic Acid; Ions; Models, Chemical; Models, Molecular; Nanostructures; Porosity; Sodium; Surface Properties; Water | 2007 |
Charge state of the fast gate in chloride channels: insights from electrostatic calculations in a schematic model.
Topics: Chloride Channels; Chlorine; Glutamic Acid; Ion Channel Gating; Models, Theoretical; Static Electricity | 2007 |
New insights into the mechanism of enzymatic chlorination of tryptophan.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Bacterial Proteins; Catalysis; Catalytic Domain; Chlorine; Glutamic Acid; Halogenation; Lysine; Mutation; Oxidoreductases; Protein Structure, Secondary; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Tryptophan | 2008 |