Compounds > linoleic acid
Page last updated: 2024-11-10

linoleic acid

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed) [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID5280450
CHEMBL ID267476
CHEBI ID17351
CHEBI ID137735
SCHEMBL ID7067
MeSH IDM0029355

Synonyms (186)

Synonym
9,12-octadecadienoic acid, (z,z)-, labeled with carbon-14
80969-37-5
14c-linoleic acid
(14c)-linoleic acid
(14c)alpha-linolenic acid
BRD-K08973992-001-03-9
c18:2
gtpl1052
all-cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid
CHEBI:17351 ,
cis,cis-linoleic acid
(9z,12z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid
c18:2 9c, 12c omega6 todos cis-9,12-octadienoico
acide linoleique
cis,cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid
cis-delta(9,12)-octadecadienoic acid
c18:2, n-6,9 all-cis
linolic acid
acido linoleico
acide cis-linoleique
9z,12z-octadecadienoic acid
9,12-octadecadienoic acid (z,z)-
9,12-octadecadienoic acid (9z,12z)-
bdbm22231
chembl267476 ,
LIN ,
ACON1_000270
linoleic
nsc281243
vespula pensylvanica b708568k063
leinoleic acid
cis,12-octadecadienoic acid
nsc-281243
emersol 315
cis-9,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid
telfairic acid
9,12-linoleic acid
9,z)-
unifac 6550
9, (z)-
emersol 310
IDI1_033844
BSPBIO_001374
NCGC00091049-01
ai3-11132
hsdb 5200
alpha-linoleic acid
ccris 650
nsc 281243
cis-delta9,12-octadecadienoic acid
linoleic acid, pure
einecs 200-470-9
(z,z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid
9-cis,12-cis-linoleic acid
9,12-octadecadienoic acid, (z,z)-
extra linoleic 90
(9z,12z)-octadecadienoic acid
C01595
linoleic acid
9-cis,12-cis-octadecadienoate
9-cis,12-cis-octadecadienoic acid
60-33-3
linoleic acid, >=99%
linoleic acid, liquid, bioreagent, suitable for cell culture
linoleic acid, >=93% (gc)
linoleic acid, >=95%
cis-9, cis-12-octadecadienoic acid
9z,12z-linoleic acid
leinolic acid
LMFA01030120
NCGC00091049-04
NCGC00091049-03
NCGC00091049-02
NCGC00091049-05
NCGC00091049-06
acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic
9,12 octadecadienoic acid
linoleic acid, technical, 60-74% (gc)
CHEBI:137735
HMS1989E16
5CE5E1F3-8859-4C5B-9AFE-E44A7076DF6E
ronacare asc 3
fema no. 3380, linoleic acid-
c18:2 (n-6)
BML3-C03
HMS1791E16
HMS1361E16
BMSE000497
BMSE000604
L0053
L0124
A832696
cis,cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid; linoleate; emersol315; linoleic; unifac6550;
NCGC00091049-07
unii-9kjl21t0qj
9kjl21t0qj ,
dtxcid505505
cas-60-33-3
tox21_303080
dtxsid2025505 ,
NCGC00257024-01
NCGC00259720-01
tox21_202171
tox21_111067
AKOS015951293
9,12-octadecadienoic acid (van)
delta9,12-octadecadienoic acid
ai3-36448
9,12-octadecadienoic acid, (e,e)-
ccris 652
unii-7552p0k6pn
(9z,12z)-9,12-octadecadienoic-1-13c acid
85594-37-2
8016-21-5
vitamin f component linoleic acid
linoleic acid (constituent of saw palmetto) [dsc]
linoleic acid [vandf]
linoleic acid [fcc]
linoleic acid [hsdb]
linoleic acid [who-dd]
linoleic acid [mi]
linoleic acid [inci]
linoleic acid [mart.]
linoleic acid (constituent of spirulina) [dsc]
n-6,9 all-cis
EPITOPE ID:117705
12c omega6 todos cis-9,12-octadienoico
c18:2 9c
S5821
SCHEMBL7067
cis-.delta.9,12-octadecadienoic acid
pamolyn 125 (salt/mix)
octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid, (cis,cis)-
(z,z)-octadeca-9, 12-dienoic acid
9,12-octadecadienoic acid, cis,cis-
9-(z), 12-(z)-octadecadienoic acid
AC-33770
HMS3649F07
HMS3402E16
(9z,12z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid
mfcd00064241
linoleic acid, 95%
cis-9,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid,
sr-01000944790
SR-01000944790-1
linoleic acid, analytical standard
linoleic acid, 2.0 mg/ml in ethanol, certified reference material
linoleic acid, >=95%, fg
linoleic acid, puriss., 90%
9-cis,12-cis-linoleate
all-cis-9,12-octadecadienoate
(z,z)-9,12-octadecadienoate
(9z,12z)-9,12-octadecadienoate
linolate
cis-d9,12-octadecadienoic acid
cis-d9,12-octadecadienoate
9z,12z-octadecadienoate
cis-9,cis-12-octadecadienoate
9z,12z-linoleate
Q407426
DB14104
AS-12672
SR-01000944790-3
HY-N0729
CS-0009742
HMS3886F05
linoleic-acid
acidelinoleique
cis,cis-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid
BP-31121
fa(18:2(9z,12z))
30175-49-6
EN300-383983
fatty acid 18:2 n-6
polyin no.515
polylin no 515
cis, cis-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid
linoleic acid (constituent of spirulina)
linoleic acid (constituent of flax seed oil)
(z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid
linoleic acid (c18:2) (constituent of krill oil)
linoleic acid (constituent of borage seed oil)
linoleic acid (mart.)
linoleic acid (constituent of saw palmetto)
9,12-octadecadienoic acid, (z)-
cis,cis,9,12-octadecadienoic acid

Research Excerpts

Overview

Linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) is an essential nutrient for optimal infant growth and brain development. It is a precursor for many vital biomolecules, and most animals depend on its dietary supply. Linoleic Acid is able to induce inappropriate inflammatory responses that contribute to several chronic diseases including cancer.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Linoleic acid (LA) is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that is required for foetal growth and development. "( Sex-Specific Differences in Lysine, 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid and Acetic Acid in Offspring Exposed to Maternal and Postnatal High Linoleic Acid Diet, Independent of Diet.
Cuffe, JSM; Holland, OJ; Hryciw, DH; McAinch, AJ; McKeating, DR; Melvin, SD; Perkins, AV; Shrestha, N, 2021)		2.27
"Linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) is an essential nutrient for optimal infant growth and brain development. "( Oxidized linoleic acid metabolites regulate neuronal morphogenesis in vitro.
da Costa Souza, F; Grodzki, ACG; Lein, PJ; Morgan, RK; Taha, AY; Zhang, Z, 2023)		2.77
"Linoleic acid (LA) is a precursor for many vital biomolecules, and most animals depend on its dietary supply."( Evolution of Linoleic Acid Biosynthesis Paved the Way for Ecological Success of Termites.
Halmová, M; Hanus, R; Horáček, N; Kyjaková, P; Lukšan, O; Macháček, S; Machara, A; Pichová, I; Roy, A; Tupec, M, 2023)		2
"Linoleic acid (LA) is an essential omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) derived from the diet. "( Linoleic Acid Induced Changes in SZ95 Sebocytes-Comparison with Palmitic Acid and Arachidonic Acid.
Camera, E; Cavallo, A; Dull, K; Gruber, F; Kovács, D; Maiellaro, M; Póliska, S; Szegedi, A; Törőcsik, D; Zouboulis, CC, 2023)		3.8
"Linoleic acid (LA) is an essential fatty acid and GPR120 agonist."( Linoleic acid promotes testosterone production by activating Leydig cell GPR120/ ERK pathway and restores BPA-impaired testicular toxicity.
Gong, D; Huang, L; Li, K; Li, X; Li, Y; Lin, P; Xu, A; Yuan, M; Zhang, J; Zhao, G; Zheng, Q, 2020)		2.72
"Linoleic acid (LA) is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid that induces migration, invasion and an increase in phospholipase D activity in breast cancer cells."( Linoleic acid induces secretion of extracellular vesicles from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells that mediate cellular processes involved with angiogenesis in HUVECs.
Cortes-Reynosa, P; Garcia-Hernandez, A; Leal-Orta, E; Ramirez-Ricardo, J; Salazar, EP; Thompson-Bonilla, R, 2021)		2.79
"Linoleic acid (LA) is an essential fatty acid and the major ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid in occidental diets, which is able to induce inappropriate inflammatory responses that contribute to several chronic diseases including cancer."( Linoleic acid induces migration and invasion through FFAR4- and PI3K-/Akt-dependent pathway in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
Cortes-Reynosa, P; Diaz-Aragon, R; Reyes-Uribe, E; Salazar, EP; Serna-Marquez, N, 2017)		2.62
"Linoleic acid (C18:2) is an important polyunsaturated fatty acid in the seed oil of many crops. "( Mutations in the promoter, intron and CDS of two FAD2 generate multiple alleles modulating linoleic acid level in yellow mustard.
Cheng, B; Roslinsky, V; Zeng, F, 2017)		2.12
"Linoleic acid (LA) is an essential omega-6 PUFA and the major fatty acid in occidental diets."( Migration and invasion induced by linoleic acid are mediated through fascin in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
Cervantes-Anaya, N; Cortes-Reynosa, P; Gonzalez-Reyes, C; Marcial-Medina, C; Salazar, EP, 2018)		1.48
"Linoleic acid (LA) is a fatty acid that induces migration and invasion in breast cancer cells."( Linoleic acid induces an increased response to insulin in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
Cortes-Reynosa, P; Diaz-Aragon, R; Rodriguez-Monterrosas, C; Salazar, EP, 2018)		2.64
"Linoleic acid (LA) is an essential and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid that mediates a variety of biological processes, including migration and invasion in breast cancer cells. "( Role of phospholipase D in migration and invasion induced by linoleic acid in breast cancer cells.
Cortes-Reynosa, P; Diaz-Aragon, R; Gomez-Quiroz, LE; Perez Salazar, E; Ramirez-Ricardo, J; Simoni-Nieves, A, 2019)		2.2
"Linoleic acid is a direct precursor of the bioactive oxidized linoleic acid metabolites."( Linoleic acid: between doubts and certainties.
Catheline, D; Choque, B; Legrand, P; Rioux, V, 2014)		2.57
"Linoleic acid (LA) is a naturally occurring fatty acid (FA) found to elicit induced systemic resistance (ISR) of tobacco against the bacterial soft rot pathogen, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. "( Linoleic acid-induced expression of defense genes and enzymes in tobacco.
Ghim, SY; Kwon, DK; Sumayo, MS, 2014)		3.29
"Linoleic acid (LA) is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid that induces expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, proliferation, migration and invasion in breast cancer cells."( Extracellular vesicles from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells stimulated with linoleic acid promote an EMT-like process in MCF10A cells.
Castillo-Sanchez, R; Galindo-Hernandez, O; Salazar, EP; Serna-Marquez, N, 2014)		1.35
"Linoleic acid (LA) is a major constituent of low-density lipoproteins. "( Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids: Oxidised derivatives of linoleic acid and their role in inflammation associated with metabolic syndrome and cancer.
Jansen, H; Kennedy, RL; Malabu, UH; Vangaveti, VN, 2016)		2.13
"Linoleic acid (LA) is a bioactive fatty acid with diverse effects on human physiology and pathophysiology. "( Increase in adipose tissue linoleic acid of US adults in the last half century.
Carlson, SE; Guyenet, SJ, 2015)		2.16
"Linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) is a precursor to arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6), which can be converted by brain lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes into various lipid mediators involved in the regulation of brain immunity. "( Dietary Linoleic Acid Lowering Reduces Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Increase in Brain Arachidonic Acid Metabolism.
Blanchard, HC; Chang, L; Chen, M; Cheon, Y; Ramadan, E; Rapoport, SI; Taha, AY, 2017)		2.33
"Linoleic acid (LA) is a dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid that is known to induce proliferation and invasion in breast cancer cells."( Role of LOXs and COX-2 on FAK activation and cell migration induced by linoleic acid in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
Galindo-Hernandez, O; Millan, A; Navarro-Tito, N; Salazar, EP; Serna-Marquez, N; Villegas-Comonfort, S, 2013)		1.34
"Linoleic acid (LA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid present in high concentrations in bovine follicular fluid; when added to maturation culture media, it affects oocyte competence (depending on the type and concentration of LA used). "( Linoleic acid stimulates neutral lipid accumulation in lipid droplets of maturing bovine oocytes.
Alberio, RH; Buschiazzo, J; Carro, M; Oresti, GM; Ríos, GL, 2013)		3.28
"Linoleic acid is a prominent constituent of animal fat and is readily oxidized."( Oxidized products of linoleic acid stimulate adrenal steroidogenesis.
Ball, DL; Bruder, ED; Gardner, HW; Goodfriend, TL; Raff, H; Spiteller, G, 2002)		1.35
"Linoleic acid is a precursor of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and its intake results in tissue production of PGE2, especially in the absence of other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAS) which inhibit this conversion."( The beneficial and detrimental effects of linoleic acid on autoimmune disorders.
Namazi, MR, 2004)		1.31
"Linoleic acid is a precursor of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and its high intake, especially in the absence of other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and riboflavin, results in high tissue production of PGE2."( Why is psoriasis uncommon in Africans? The influence of dietary factors on the expression of psoriasis.
Namazi, MR, 2004)		1.04
"Linoleic acid (18:2n-6), is a major unsaturated fatty acid in the American diet. "( Linoleic acid induces proinflammatory events in vascular endothelial cells via activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling.
Arzuaga, X; Ghosh, DD; Hennig, B; Lei, W; Saraswathi, V; Toborek, M, 2006)		3.22
"Linoleic acid (LA), which is a main component of corn oil, was used as a representative FFA."( The palatability of corn oil and linoleic acid to mice as measured by short-term two-bottle choice and licking tests.
Fushiki, T; Inoue, K; Manabe, Y; Matsumura, S; Mizushige, T; Saitou, K; Tsuzuki, S; Yoneda, T, 2007)		1.34
"Linoleic acid is a precursor of arachidonic acid, which can be converted to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), whereas eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits the formation of PGE2."( Dietary fat and asthma: is there a connection?
Black, PN; Sharpe, S, 1997)		1.02
"Linoleic acid (C18: 2n-6) is a free fatty acid considered as essential in man; this is mainly based on the fact that man is incapable of its synthesis and that its deficiency accounts for a defined clinical picture. "( [Skin changes, pathophysiology and therapy in deficiency of essential fatty acids].
Brändle, I; Grosshans, E; Truchetet, E, 1988)		1.72

Effects

Linoleic acid (LA) has been shown to cause inflammation and promote development of colorectal cancer (CRC) The fatty acid has a two-sided effect with regard to serum cholesterol-lowering and pro-inflammation.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Linoleic acid (LA) has a two-sided effect with regard to serum cholesterol-lowering and pro-inflammation, although whether this fatty acid reduces serum cholesterol and the development of atherosclerosis under high-cholesterol conditions has yet to be ascertained. "( The effects of dietary linoleic acid on reducing serum cholesterol and atherosclerosis development are nullified by a high-cholesterol diet in male and female apoE-deficient mice.
Imaizumi, K; Jiang, Z; Nagamine, R; Sato, M; Takeyama, A; Tanaka, Y; Tsai, WT; Yuan, X, 2023)		2.66
"Linoleic acid (LA) has been shown to cause inflammation and promote development of colorectal cancer (CRC). "( Suppressive GLI2 fragment enhances liver metastasis in colorectal cancer.
Fujiwara-Tani, R; Goto, K; Kawahara, I; Kishi, S; Kuniyasu, H; Luo, Y; Mori, S; Nakashima, C; Nishiguchi, Y; Ogata, R; Ohmori, H; Sasaki, T, 2022)		2.16
"Linoleic acid (LA) has a two-sided effect with regard to serum cholesterol-lowering and pro-inflammation, although whether this fatty acid reduces serum cholesterol and the development of atherosclerosis under high-cholesterol conditions has yet to be ascertained. "( The effects of dietary linoleic acid on reducing serum cholesterol and atherosclerosis development are nullified by a high-cholesterol diet in male and female apoE-deficient mice.
Imaizumi, K; Jiang, Z; Nagamine, R; Sato, M; Takeyama, A; Tanaka, Y; Tsai, WT; Yuan, X, 2023)		2.66
"Linoleic acid, that has been implicated in playing a regulating role in the secondary metabolism and morphology of Monascus, was hypothesized to be the effector."( Linoleic acid functions as a quorum-sensing molecule in Monascus purpureus-Saccharomyces cerevisiae co-culture.
Chen, W; Gong, P; Liu, Y; Luo, Q; Shi, R; Wang, C, 2023)		3.07
"Linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) has been considered to promote low-grade chronic inflammation and adiposity. "( Decreasing the Ratio of Dietary Linoleic to α-Linolenic Acid from 10 to 4 by Changing Only the Former Does Not Prevent Adiposity or Bone Deterioration in Obese Mice.
Cao, JJ; Gregoire, BR; Michelsen, KG; Picklo, MJ, 2020)		2
"Linoleic acid (LA) has garnered much attention due to its potential applications in the oleochemical and nutraceutical industries. "( Functional characterization and overexpression of Δ12-desaturase in the oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula toruloides for production of linoleic acid-rich lipids.
Fujiyama, K; Honda, K; Kajiura, H; Limtong, S; Misaki, R; Ohashi, T; Sato, Y; Wu, CC, 2021)		2.27
"Linoleic acid has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. "( High-Dose Linoleic Acid Activated JAK2-STAT3 Signaling Pathway Involved in Cytokine Production and Lipogenesis in Pancreatic Exocrine Cells.
Guan, Y; Zhang, R; Zhu, F, 2016)		2.28
"Linoleic acid has been shown by others to decrease CD18 expression and leukocyte adhesion under static conditions."( Linoleic acid increases monocyte deformation and adhesion to endothelium.
Irick, J; Kirkpatrick, AP; Levin, JD; Rinker, KD; Shepherd, RD; Thomas, JL; Ting-Beall, HP; Truskey, GA, 2004)		2.49
"Linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) has variously been found to increase or inhibit synthesis of 2-series prostaglandins (PGs), derived from arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6). "( The effect of supplementation with n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on 1-, 2- and 3-series prostaglandin F production by ovine uterine epithelial cells.
Abayasekara, DR; Cheng, Z; Wathes, DC, 2005)		1.77
"High linoleic acid (LA) intakes have been suggested to reduce alpha-linolenic acid [ALA, 18:3(n-3)] metabolism to eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA, 20:5(n-3)] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA, 22:6(n-3)], and favor high arachidonic acid [ARA, 20:4(n-6)]. "( Decreasing linoleic acid with constant alpha-linolenic acid in dietary fats increases (n-3) eicosapentaenoic acid in plasma phospholipids in healthy men.
Innis, SM; King, DJ; Liou, YA; Zibrik, D, 2007)		1.24
"For linoleic acid, the variant has no change in its KM and a 10-fold reduction in its Vmax, as expected for an enzyme performing predominantly 12-lipoxygenation."( Conversion of human 15-lipoxygenase to an efficient 12-lipoxygenase: the side-chain geometry of amino acids 417 and 418 determine positional specificity.
Barnett, J; Craik, CS; Leung, R; Sigal, E; Sloane, DL, 1995)		0.77
"Linoleic acid monoepoxides have been correlated with many pathological conditions. "( Defining mechanisms of toxicity for linoleic acid monoepoxides and diols in Sf-21 cells.
Grant, DF; Hendrickson, TL; Mitchell, LA; Mon, T; Moran, JH, 2001)		2.03
"Linoleic acid has been shown to inhibit melanogenesis in cultured B16 mouse melanoma cells. "( Protein kinase C and linoleic acid-induced inhibition of melanogenesis.
Ando, H; Ichihashi, M; Mishima, Y; Oka, M, 1990)		2.04
"Linoleic acid, which has the capacity to inhibit the catabolism of cortisol by lymphocytes, was used for this purpose."( The effect of linoleic acid on the sensitivity of human lymphocytes to cortisol and their capacity to catabolize the steroid.
Bruser, B; Klein, A; Malkin, A, 1987)		1.35

Actions

Linoleic acid (LA) promotes monocyte chemotaxis and cell adhesion molecules such as MCP-1 and VCAM-1, which contribute to atherosclerogenesis. The increase in oxidative stress and activation of AP-1 were blocked by sulfaphenazole.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Linoleic acid (LA) promotes monocyte chemotaxis and cell adhesion molecules such as MCP-1 and VCAM-1, which contribute to atherosclerogenesis. "( Linoleic acid attenuates endothelium-derived relaxing factor production by suppressing cAMP-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterase activity.
Takeuchi, K; Watanabe, H; Wei, J, 2013)		3.28
"Linoleic acid-mediated increase in oxidative stress and activation of AP-1 were blocked by sulfaphenazole, a specific inhibitor of CYP 2C9."( Involvement of CYP 2C9 in mediating the proinflammatory effects of linoleic acid in vascular endothelial cells.
Hammock, BD; Hennig, B; Meerarani, P; Newman, JW; Toborek, M; Viswanathan, S, 2003)		1.28

Treatment

Treatment with linoleic acid in cultured human aortic endothelial cells increased reactive oxygen species generation and cell apoptosis. Treatment of linolei acid-rich oils such as safflower oil, soybean oil, or maize oil with base and heat will result in the formation of CLA.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Linoleic acid treatment for six hours increased the expression of CYP 2C9 in endothelial cells. "( Involvement of CYP 2C9 in mediating the proinflammatory effects of linoleic acid in vascular endothelial cells.
Hammock, BD; Hennig, B; Meerarani, P; Newman, JW; Toborek, M; Viswanathan, S, 2003)		2
"When linoleic acid-treated slices were washed with Krebs-Ringer containing defatted bovine serum albumin, both enhancement of the response to norepinephrine and the amount of [14C]linoleic acid incorporated in a free form significantly diminished."( Modulation by unsaturated fatty acids of norepinephrine- and adenosine-induced formation of cyclic AMP in brain slices.
Baba, A; Iwata, H; Tatsuno, T, 1984)		0.72
"Treatment with linoleic acid in cultured human aortic endothelial cells increased reactive oxygen species generation and cell apoptosis. "( Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha overexpression prevents endothelial apoptosis by increasing ATP/ADP translocase activity.
Choi, CS; Han, J; Jeon, BH; Kim, JR; Kim, MS; Kim, YM; Koh, EH; Lee, IK; Lee, KU; Lee, WJ; Park, JY; Park, TS; Seol, S; Won, JC; Youn, JH, 2010)		0.71
"Cotreatment of linoleic acid plus quercetin or vitamin E also decreased linoleic acid-induced binding activity of PPARgamma."( Quercetin protects against linoleic acid-induced porcine endothelial cell dysfunction.
Hennig, B; Reiterer, G; Toborek, M, 2004)		0.96
"Treatment of linoleic acid-rich oils such as safflower oil, soybean oil, or maize oil with base and heat will result in the formation of CLA."( Antimutagenic and some other effects of conjugated linoleic acid.
Kritchevsky, D, 2000)		0.91
"Pretreatment with linoleic acid (but not oleic acid) significantly reduced gross histologic necrosis, to 2.3 +/- 0.5%, and deep histologic necrosis to 4 +/- 2% (both p less than 0.001 versus solubilizer group)."( Protection of the gastric mucosa by linoleic acid--a nutrient essential fatty acid.
Gergely, H; Hollander, D; Tarnawski, A, 1987)		0.87

Toxicity

A microbially safe process for the enrichment of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in oats was developed. Phosphatidylcholine with an arachidonic acid hydroperoxide residue was toxic to cells.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The underlying etiology of the toxic oil syndrome may be related to any of several toxic contaminants."( Synergistic vascular toxicity and fatty acid anilides in the toxic oil syndrome.
Ansari, GA; Boor, PJ; Jerrells, TR; Kaphalia, BS; Khan, MF, 1991)		0.28
"Methanol extracts of the hepatopancreas of mussels (Mytilus edulis) harvested at two locations (Ship Harbour and Wine Harbour) in eastern Nova Scotia, Canada, were found to be toxic to mice after intraperitoneal injection."( An incident of elevated levels of unsaturated free fatty acids in mussels from Nova Scotia and their toxic effect in mice after intraperitoneal injection.
Chadha, RK; Lawrence, JF; Ratnayake, WM; Truelove, JF, 1994)		0.29
" It is important, however, that the cell model provide a response to toxic insult similar to that experienced in vivo."( Essential fatty acid deficiency in cultured human keratinocytes attenuates toxicity due to lipid peroxidation.
Pyron, L; Wey, HE; Woolery, M, 1993)		0.29
" Phosphatidylcholine with an arachidonic acid hydroperoxide residue was toxic to cells, while phosphatidylcholine with a linoleic acid hydroperoxide residue had no effect."( Cytotoxicity of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides is exerted through decomposition of fatty acid hydroperoxide moiety.
Baba, N; Kaneko, T; Matsuo, M, 1996)		0.5
" They also have been shown to be toxic when injected into experimental animals."( Cytotoxicity of linoleic acid diols to renal proximal tubular cells.
Freeman, JP; Grant, DF; Moran, JH; Schnellmann, RG; Weise, R, 1997)		0.64
" A study was conducted to determine whether olive oil would prevent these adverse effects of CLA."( Olive oil prevents the adverse effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on chick hatchability and egg quality.
Aydin, R; Cook, ME; Pariza, MW, 2001)		0.55
" Safety test data on dilinoleic acid (no adverse effects) were considered relevant because dilinoleic acid is a component of these diesters and a likely breakdown product."( Final report on the amended safety assessment of diisopropyl dimer dilinoleate, dicetearyl dimer dilinoleate, diisostearyl dimer dilinoleate, dioctyl dimer dilinoleate, dioctyldodecyl dimer dilinoleate, and ditridecyl dimer dilinoleate.
Fiume, MZ, 2003)		0.63
" A No Observed Adverse Effect Level of 2433 mg/kg bw/day for male and 2728 mg/kg bw/day female rats was identified in the study."( A subchronic 90-day oral rat toxicity study and in vitro genotoxicity studies with a conjugated linoleic acid product.
Menzel, A; O'Hagan, S, 2003)		0.54
"Evidence is presented herein that oleic acid is much less toxic to Jurkat cells than linoleic acid."( Comparative toxicity of oleic acid and linoleic acid on Jurkat cells.
Curi, R; Cury-Boaventura, MF; Pompéia, C, 2004)		0.82
" In addition, one of the photoproducts (the 17-hydroperoxy derivative) is highly toxic in the dark."( Photochemistry and phototoxicity of fluocinolone 16,17-acetonide.
Albini, A; Caffieri, S; Dalzoppo, D; Fasani, E; Miolo, G; Ricci, A, )		0.13
"Oleic acid was less toxic than linoleic acid to Raji cells."( Comparative toxicity of oleic acid and linoleic acid on Raji cells.
Curi, R; Cury-Boaventura, MF; Pompéia, C, 2005)		0.88
" Evidence is presented herein that OA is less toxic to human lymphocytes than LA."( Comparative toxicity of oleic and linoleic acid on human lymphocytes.
Curi, R; Cury-Boaventura, MF; de Lima, TM; Gorjão, R; Newsholme, P, 2006)		0.61
"A microbially safe process for the enrichment of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in oats was developed."( Microbially safe utilization of non-inactivated oats (Avena sativa L.) for production of conjugated linoleic acid.
Laakso, S; Lehtinen, P; Vahvaselkä, M, 2006)		0.79
" Taken as whole, the toxic effect of the FA on insulin-producing RINm5F cells varied irrespective of the chain length and the degree of unsaturation."( Fatty acid-induced toxicity and neutral lipid accumulation in insulin-producing RINm5F cells.
Azevedo-Martins, AK; Curi, R; Lenzen, S; Lima, CL; Monteiro, AP, 2006)		0.33
" Both emulsions were well tolerated with no adverse events observed."( Tolerability and safety of olive oil-based lipid emulsion in critically ill neonates: a blinded randomized trial.
Bines, JE; Croft, KD; Hardy, P; Heine, RG; Lee, O; Mori, TA; Peterkin, M; Shalley, H; Webb, AN, )		0.13
" Recombinant PLRP2 was toxic to P815 tumor cells in 48 h when lipid and another protein, colipase, were present."( Lipid-dependent cytotoxicity by the lipase PLRP2 and by PLRP2-positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs).
Alves, BN; Elliott, V; Hudig, D; Leong, J; Lowe, ME; Marshall, K; Redelman, D; Tamang, DL, 2009)		0.35
"A safe UV filter may be obtained by inhibiting the photo-generation of free radicals through modification of the surface of TiO(2) nanoparticles with carbon."( Decreasing the oxidative potential of TiO(2) nanoparticles through modification of the surface with carbon: a new strategy for the production of safe UV filters.
Ceccone, G; Corazzari, I; Fenoglio, I; Fubini, B; Giamello, E; Livraghi, S; Paganini, MC, 2010)		0.36
" Reports from the literature indicate that LA is not toxic to yeast cells."( Cell density-dependent linoleic acid toxicity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Campos, EG; de Moraes, LM; Ferreira, TC, 2011)		0.68
" Our study indicates a novel and safe strategy that utilizes LA to repair reproductive damage caused by low testosterone levels through activating the GPR120/ERK pathway in Leydig cells."( Linoleic acid promotes testosterone production by activating Leydig cell GPR120/ ERK pathway and restores BPA-impaired testicular toxicity.
Gong, D; Huang, L; Li, K; Li, X; Li, Y; Lin, P; Xu, A; Yuan, M; Zhang, J; Zhao, G; Zheng, Q, 2020)		2
" This study demonstrated that the lipid modified LMW PEIs are expected to be safe in contact with blood components."( In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Cytokine Production by Lipid-Substituted Low Molecular Weight Branched PEIs Used for Gene Delivery.
Kc, R; Meenakshi Sundaram, DN; Ostergaard, H; Plianwong, S; Uludağ, H, 2022)		0.72

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Reducing the rate of fat deposition influenced the pharmacokinetic disposition of the highly lipophilic MXD but did not influence the pharmacokinetic disposition of the less lipophilic IVM."( Does the rate of fat deposition influence the pharmacokinetic disposition of subcutaneously administered moxidectin and ivermectin in pigs?
Craven, J; Friis, C; Hennessy, DR, 2002)		0.31
" Compared with oral administration, maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was significantly lower, and time to reach Cmax (Tmax) delayed with all formulated tenoxicam TDS."( Pharmacokinetics of formulated tenoxicam transdermal delivery systems.
Chun, I; Gwak, H; Kang, E; Kim, T, 2008)		0.35
" Further evaluation of pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles and in vivo efficacy identified compound 40a with excellent PK properties and significant glucose-lowering efficacy during an oral glucose tolerance test."( Design and optimization of 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine propanoic acids as novel GPR40 agonists with improved pharmacokinetic and safety profiles.
Chen, Q; Guo, B; Guo, S; Huang, J; Li, J; Xie, X; Yang, Y; Zhou, X, 2018)		0.48
"Lisofylline (LSF) is an anti-inflammatory molecule with high aqueous solubility and rapid metabolic interconversion to its parent drug, pentoxifylline (PTX) resulting in very poor pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, necessitating high dose and dosing frequency."( Nanoparticulate tablet dosage form of lisofylline-linoleic acid conjugate for type 1 diabetes: in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) studies and pharmacokinetics in rat.
Chitkara, D; Italiya, KS; Mittal, A; Singh, AK, 2021)		0.87

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" An unsaturated fatty acid (oleate) caused an increase in lipid fluidity of the surface membrane in MOLT-4 lymphoid cells, which possess higher lipid fluidity in combination with mannosamine, while saturated fatty acids had no effect on the fluidity properties of the membrane lipids (even in the presence of mannosamine)."( Antitumor activity of D-mannosamine in vitro: cytotoxic effect produced by mannosamine in combination with free fatty acids on human leukemia T-cell lines.
Harada, T; Morikawa, K; Morikawa, S; Onoda, T, 1985)		0.27
" Our purpose was to investigate the clinical efficacy of topical application of LM and LA in combination with betamethasone valerate (BV) in melasma patients."( Therapeutic effect of topical application of linoleic acid and lincomycin in combination with betamethasone valerate in melasma patients.
Ha, DJ; Kim, HJ; Kim, HY; Lee, MH; Paik, JH, 2002)		0.57
" In conclusion, CLA enrichment of pork products may be enhanced when combined with additional supplemental dietary fat, and together with tallow can be used to increase the saturated fatty acid content of pork."( Conjugated linoleic acid in combination with supplemental dietary fat alters pork fat quality.
Gatlin, LA; Larick, DK; Lin, X; Odle, J; See, MT, 2002)		0.7
" In a controlled, double-blind, 2 x 2-factorial 8-wk intervention, we investigated whether fish oil combined with a high- or low-LA intake affects overall CVD risk profile."( Fish oil in combination with high or low intakes of linoleic acid lowers plasma triacylglycerols but does not affect other cardiovascular risk markers in healthy men.
Andersen, AD; Damsgaard, CT; Frøkiaer, H; Lauritzen, L, 2008)		0.6
"The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of fortified milk combined with a lifestyle and counselling programme on several CVD risk factors after a 3-month dietary intervention."( Additional benefit in CVD risk indices derived from the consumption of fortified milk when combined with a lifestyle intervention.
Antonopoulou, S; Grammatikaki, E; Kalogeropoulos, N; Manios, Y; Moschonis, G; Peristeraki, A; Petrogianni, M; Pitsavos, C, 2014)		0.4
"High-purity trilinolein and triolein were prepared by Novozym 435-catalyzed esterification reaction combined with column chromatography purification in this study."( Preparation of High-Purity Trilinolein and Triolein by Enzymatic Esterification Reaction Combined with Column Chromatography.
Chen, Z; Lan, T; Li, H; Pan, L; Wu, D; Zhao, B, 2019)		0.51

Bioavailability

Both dietary and labeled stearic acid were less well absorbed than either oleic or linoleic acids. Coadministration of a mixture of linoleIC acid-monoolein significantly increased the extent of intestinal lymphatic transport of PTX.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The binding and bioavailability of vitamin D metabolites thus might be altered by mono- and polyunsaturated but not by saturated fatty acids."( Polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease the apparent affinity of vitamin D metabolites for human vitamin D-binding protein.
Bouillon, R; Convents, R; Van Baelen, H; Xiang, DZ, 1992)		0.28
" Topical administration is especially indicated, because these patients, although often suffering from impaired intestinal absorption, reveal a tenfold percutaneous absorption rate of fatty acids."( [Skin changes, pathophysiology and therapy in deficiency of essential fatty acids].
Brändle, I; Grosshans, E; Truchetet, E, 1988)		0.27
" They also can inhibit DHT binding to albumin, whereas DHT binding to SHBG is not altered, suggesting that FFA at physiological concentrations may be important regulators of bioavailability of T to tissues."( Effect of free fatty acids on the bioavailability of plasma testosterone and dihydrotestosterone.
Korenman, SG; Mooradian, AD; Pamplona, DM; Viosca, SP, 1988)		0.27
" Both dietary and labeled stearic acid were less well absorbed than either oleic or linoleic acids."( Whole body oxidation of dietary fatty acids: implications for energy utilization.
Clandinin, MT; Jones, PJ; Pencharz, PB, 1985)		0.49
"Human blood selenium (Se) levels have been related to the types of food consumed, bioavailability of Se, and various disease states, including cancer."( Selenium status of vegeterians, nonvegetarians, and hormone-dependent cancer subjects.
Leklem, JE; Shultz, TD, 1983)		0.27
"NO bioavailability and rates of production of lipid signaling mediators."( 15-Lipoxygenase catalytically consumes nitric oxide and impairs activation of guanylate cyclase.
Bloodsworth, A; Darley-Usmar, VM; Freeman, BA; Friebe, A; Koesling, D; Kühn, H; O'Donnell, VB; Parthasarathy, S; Taylor, KB, 1999)		0.3
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of an emulsion incorporating unsaturated fatty acids to improve the mucosal absorption of poorly absorbed drugs from rat intestinal loops in situ, using a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsion."( Enhanced enteral bioavailability of vancomycin using water-in-oil-in-water multiple emulsion incorporating highly purified unsaturated fatty acid.
Chiba, Y; Kajita, M; Morishita, M; Nagai, T; Takayama, K; Tokiwa, S, 2000)		0.31
"These results indicate marked differences in the ability of C18 fatty acids to reduce food intake that appear not to be related to rate of absorption but may partially be explained by CCK release."( The effects of intestinal infusion of long-chain fatty acids on food intake in humans.
Arnold, M; Conlon, CA; Francis, J; French, SJ; Meijer, G; Mutuma, ST; Read, NW, 2000)		0.31
" An early protective action by dietary antioxidants in the gastro-intestinal tract is plausible, especially for poorly bioavailable antioxidants such as polyphenols."( Inhibition of the metmyoglobin-induced peroxidation of linoleic acid by dietary antioxidants: Action in the aqueous vs. lipid phase.
Caris-Veyrat, C; Dangles, O; Goupy, P; Vulcain, E, 2005)		0.58
"Improving the bioavailability of beta-carotene is vital to manage vitamin A deficiency."( Micellar oleic and eicosapentaenoic acid but not linoleic acid influences the beta-carotene uptake and its cleavage into retinol in rats.
Baskaran, V; Krishnakantha, TP; Lakshminarayana, R; Raju, M, 2006)		0.59
" However, further research on the bioavailability of these nutrients is needed to confirm the potential benefits of these plants."( Coping strategies and nutritional health in rural Niger: recommendations for consumption of wild plant foods in the Sahel.
Glew, RS; Vanderjagt, D, )		0.13
" Several genetically modified crops, including rice, potatoes, oilseeds, and cassava, with elevated levels of essential nutrients (such as vitamin A, iron, zinc, protein and essential amino acids, and essential fatty acids); reduced levels of antinutritional factors (such as cyanogens, phytates, and glycoalkaloid); and increased levels of factors that influence bioavailability and utilization of essential nutrients (such as cysteine residues) are advancing through field trial stage and regulatory processes towards commercialization."( Impact of foods nutritionally enhanced through biotechnology in alleviating malnutrition in developing countries.
Gilani, GS; Nasim, A, )		0.13
" The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of quinupramine from an EVA matrix were examined to determine the level of percutaneous absorption in rats."( Development and biopharmaceutical evaluation of quinupramine-EVA matrix containing penetration enhancer for the enhanced transdermal absorption in rats.
Cho, CW; Kim, J; Kim, SJ; Kim, WJ; Shin, SC, 2007)		0.34
" Taken together, these findings indicate that CYP-dependent signaling pathways are highly susceptible to changes in the relative bioavailability of the different PUFAs and may provide novel insight into the complex mechanisms that link essential dietary fatty acids to the development of cardiovascular disease."( Role of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the bioactivation of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Konkel, A; Schunck, WH, 2011)		0.37
" UVB is well absorbed in proteins and DNA leading to products such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers."( Fatty acids and vitamins generate singlet oxygen under UVB irradiation.
Bäumler, W; Knak, A; Landthaler, M; Maisch, T; Regensburger, J, 2012)		0.38
" This review focuses on the consequences of dietary restriction in IEM on the bioavailability of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) and on the attempts to ameliorate these consequences."( Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in inborn errors of metabolism.
Decsi, T; Fekete, K, 2010)		0.36
" In vivo pharmacokinetic study showed that the CLA-GEM conjugate had a longer plasma half-life and a higher bioavailability compared to that of unmodified GEM."( Enhanced anticancer activity of gemcitabine coupling with conjugated linoleic acid against human breast cancer in vitro and in vivo.
Feng, Q; Gao, SY; Tao, XM; Wang, JB; Wang, JC; Zhang, LR; Zhang, Q, 2012)		0.61
" The oral bioavailability of G in monkeys (34."( Species differences in toxicokinetic parameters of glycidol after a single dose of glycidol or glycidol linoleate in rats and monkeys.
Harada, T; Kasamatsu, T; Kurata, Y; Nishiyama, N; Tamaki, Y; Wakabayashi, K, 2012)		0.38
" Coadministration of a mixture of linoleic acid-monoolein significantly increased the extent of intestinal lymphatic transport of PTX, but it had little impact on the absolute oral bioavailability of PTX."( Effects of lipid vehicle and P-glycoprotein inhibition on the mesenteric lymphatic transport of paclitaxel in unconscious, lymph duct-cannulated rats.
An, D; Cai, Q; Deng, X; Li, Z; Shen, T; Zhong, M, 2016)		0.71
"To date no passive sampler has been used to predict bioavailability of contaminants to macrophytes."( Using linoleic acid embedded cellulose acetate membranes to in situ monitor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in lakes and predict their bioavailability to submerged macrophytes.
Tao, Y; Xue, B; Yao, S, 2015)		0.9
" Although the cytotoxicity of DTX-LA LMs was reduced in comparison with DTX solution, the pharmacokinetic study demonstrated increased bioavailability (p < 0."( Therapeutic efficacy of lipid emulsions of docetaxel-linoleic acid conjugate in breast cancer.
Guan, J; Li, M; Liu, D; Wang, Y; Yang, B; Yang, R; Yu, J; Zhang, D; Zhang, H; Zhang, S; Zhang, T, 2018)		0.73
" In this study, we have incorporated in vitro lipolysis with microsomal stability to quantitatively predict the oral bioavailability of a lipophilic antineoplastic drug bexarotene (BEX) administered in LBDDS."( Quantitative Prediction of Oral Bioavailability of a Lipophilic Antineoplastic Drug Bexarotene Administered in Lipidic Formulation Using a Combined In Vitro Lipolysis/Microsomal Metabolism Approach.
Choi, HG; Feng, W; Gershkovich, P; Kim, TH; Lee, JB; Shin, BS; Shin, S; Yoo, SD; Zgair, A, 2019)		0.51
" Its high solubility and rapid metabolism results in poor bioavailability and short half-life, limiting its clinical utility."( Self-assembling lisofylline-fatty acid conjugate for effective treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Chitkara, D; Italiya, KS; Mahato, RI; Mazumdar, S; Mittal, A; Sharma, S, 2019)		0.51
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51
" The present study measured unesterified d4-13-HODE plasma bioavailability and incorporation into rat liver, adipose, heart and brain following gavage or intravenous (IV) injection (n = 3 per group)."( Linoleic acid-derived 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid is absorbed and incorporated into rat tissues.
Emami, S; Hennebelle, M; Lein, PJ; Lerno, LA; Morgan, RK; Slupsky, CM; Taha, AY; Zhang, Z, 2021)		2.06
" Previous studies have shown that natural sesame oil promotes the intestinal lymphatic transport and oral bioavailability of the highly lipophilic drug cannabidiol (CBD)."( Natural sesame oil is superior to pre-digested lipid formulations and purified triglycerides in promoting the intestinal lymphatic transport and systemic bioavailability of cannabidiol.
Barrett, DA; Berton, M; Bettonte, S; Chu, Y; Constantinescu, CS; Feng, W; Fischer, PM; Gershkovich, P; Lee, JB; Qin, C; Stocks, MJ; Zgair, A, 2021)		0.62
" Presence of oxidized lipids in foods may affect the bioavailability of lipophilic bioactive components after ingestion."( Adverse effects of linoleic acid: Influence of lipid oxidation on lymphatic transport of citrus flavonoid and enterocyte morphology.
Du, H; Han, Y; Julian McClements, D; Kitamura, F; Xiao, H; Yao, M, 2022)		1.05
" This study aimed to test the bioavailability of the oil derived from basil seeds and its effects on different physiological parameters using 7-15% dietary inclusion levels."( Bioavailability and biotransformation of linolenic acid from basil seed oil as a novel source of omega-3 fatty acids tested on a rat experimental model.
Bermúdez, F; Galisteo, M; Guzmán, A; López-Jurado, M; Martínez, R; Melguizo, C; Mesas, C; Porres, JM; Prados, J, 2022)		0.72
"The intestinal microbiota plays a key role in understanding the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as it could transform the herbal ingredients to metabolites with higher bioavailability and activity comparing to their prototypes."( The activities and mechanisms of intestinal microbiota metabolites of TCM herbal ingredients could be illustrated by a strategy integrating spectrum-effects, network pharmacology, metabolomics and molecular docking analysis: Platycodin D as an example.
He, JW; Huang, HL; Liang, J; Liu, FY; Peng, YM; Qin, Q; Wang, YJ; Zeng, JX; Zhang, SW; Zhang, T; Zhang, XY; Zhong, GY; Zhong, YH, 2023)		0.91
"The proposed strategy paves a new way for the illustration of the activities and mechanisms of TCM herbal ingredients, which is very important to reconcile the conundrums of TCM herbal ingredients with low oral bioavailability but high activity."( The activities and mechanisms of intestinal microbiota metabolites of TCM herbal ingredients could be illustrated by a strategy integrating spectrum-effects, network pharmacology, metabolomics and molecular docking analysis: Platycodin D as an example.
He, JW; Huang, HL; Liang, J; Liu, FY; Peng, YM; Qin, Q; Wang, YJ; Zeng, JX; Zhang, SW; Zhang, T; Zhang, XY; Zhong, GY; Zhong, YH, 2023)		0.91

Dosage Studied

The newly synthesized linoleic acid derivative, FR236924, induces a long-lasting facilitation of hippocampal neurotransmission based on a persistent enhancement in the activity of presynaptic nicotinic ACh receptors via a PKC pathway. The ensuing increase in glutamate release suggested the possibility of its use as a promising anti-dementia drug.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"8% LA diet group, and a positive dose-response relationship between dietary LA and mammary-tumor incidence was observed."( Differential effects of dietary linoleic acid on mouse skin-tumor promotion and mammary carcinogenesis.
Bechtel, DH; Belury, MA; Fischer, SM; Lee, ML; Leyton, J; Locniskar, M; Maldve, RE; Slaga, TJ, 1992)		0.57
" 323: 439-445) suggests a linear dose-response relation."( Hydrogenation alternatives: effects of trans fatty acids and stearic acid versus linoleic acid on serum lipids and lipoproteins in humans.
Katan, MB; Zock, PL, 1992)		0.51
" These nutrient concentrations were selected from initial experiments performed to characterize their dose-response effects on insulin secretion."( Characterization of the insulinotropic potency of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Akwari, OE; Burch, WM; Hubbard, VS; Opara, EC, 1992)		0.28
" Dose-response studies indicate that high superphysiological (greater than 1 microgram/ml) concentrations of insulin are required."( Multihormonal regulation of the progesterone receptor in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells: interrelationships among insulin/insulin-like growth factor-I, serum, and estrogen.
Katzenellenbogen, BS; Norman, MJ, 1990)		0.28
" Isoprenaline potency was increased by the sheep fat-supplemented diet, which induced significant three- to eightfold leftward parallel shifts of isoprenaline dose-response curves for papillary muscle and left atrial inotropy and right atrial chronotropy."( Dietary lipid modulation of myocardial beta-adrenergic mechanisms, Ca2+-dependent automaticity, and arrhythmogenesis in the marmoset.
Abeywardena, MY; Charnock, JS; McLennan, PL; McMurchie, EJ, 1987)		0.27
" A dose-response analysis to norepinephrine bitartrate administered intravenously indicated a significant reduction in the vascular reactivity to this alpha-adrenergic agonist in all groups given linoleic acid."( Effect of varying concentrations of linoleic acid on alpha-adrenoceptor responses in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Cervoni, P; Crandall, DL; Goldstein, BM; Lizzo, FH; Lozito, RJ, 1988)		0.74
" Treatment of mice with a higher dosage of IM (20 micrograms/ml), decreased tumor metastasis even further compared to controls, but did not decrease tumor growth rate compared to the lower dosage of IM (10 micrograms/ml)."( Inhibition of growth and linoleate-enhanced metastasis of a transplantable mouse mammary tumor by indomethacin.
Chapkin, RS; Erickson, KL; Hubbard, NE, 1988)		0.27
"The effects of polyenylphosphatidylcholine in a dosage of 10 g per day were compared with an equimolar amount of linoleic acid in 7 g safloroil per day in 8 healthy subjects for 3 weeks."( [Effects of equal amounts of linoleic acid in orally administered, polyunsaturated phospholipids or in safflower oil on blood lipoproteins].
Spann, W; Wolfram, G; Zöllner, N, 1987)		0.77
" Dose-response studies in the same model, using four different levels of corn oil, suggest that instead of a linear relationship with respect to tumor incidence, there appears to be a threshold lying between 20 and 33% fat as calories, above which tumor promotion is manifested and below which it is not."( Fat and endocrine-responsive cancer in animals.
Cohen, LA, 1987)		0.27
" Lengthening the duration of HF diet treatment (0, 3, 6, 16 wk) increased mammary tumor development, suggesting a time dose-response relationship."( Promotion of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis by high dietary fat in the rat: possible role of intercellular communication.
Aylsworth, CF; Jone, C; Meites, J; Trosko, JE; Welsch, CW, 1984)		0.27
" The time-course of [14C]LA and [3H]AA incorporation into human leucocyte total lipids was maximal at 80-90% of the initial dose within 20-30 min of dosing the cells."( Linoleic acid and arachidonic acid metabolism in human peripheral blood leucocytes: comparison with the rat.
Crawford, MA; Cunnane, SC; Keeling, PW; Thompson, RP, 1984)		1.71
" They completed their investigations by a qualitative dosage in platelets and in plasma of fatty acids, precursors of prostaglandins, which are well known for their importance in platelet aggregation and vasculomotor reactions."( [Platelet aggregation and platelet and plasma fatty acid levels in the child with migraine. Apropos of 40 case reports].
Bouchet, P; Derambure, S; Lelong, M; Moulin, S; Parquet, A; Sezille, G, 1983)		0.27
" We examined the dose-response relationship involving questions (1) and (2) separately for subjects with lesions less than or greater than 7 cm in length."( Risk factors for Barrett's oesophagus: a life history approach to behavioural assessment in the distant past.
Aickin, M; Garewal, H; Meyskens, F; Ritenbaugh, C; Sampliner, R, 1995)		0.29
" No (linear) dose-response relationship between dietary linoleic acid concentration and mammary tumor incidence and latency period was observed."( Effects of two dietary fat levels and four dietary linoleic acid levels on mammary tumor development in Balb/c-MMTV mice under ad libitum feeding conditions.
Meijer, GW; Meijers, M; Ritskes-Hoitinga, J; Timmer, WG; Weststrate, JA; Wiersma, A, 1996)		0.79
" Rats and mice were dosed with deuterium-labeled linoleic and linolenic acids either by intraperitoneal injection or by gavage."( Essential fatty acid uptake and metabolism in the developing rodent brain.
Pawlosky, RJ; Salem, N; Ward, G, 1996)		0.29
" Animals dosed with [U-13C]-22:6n-3 accumulated more label in the fetal organs compared to the animals dosed with [U-13C]-18:3n-3 or [U-13C]-18:2n-6."( Linoleate, alpha-linolenate, and docosahexaenoate recycling into saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids is a major pathway in pregnant or lactating adults and fetal or infant rhesus monkeys.
Brenna, JT; Giussani, DA; Goodman, KJ; Nathanielsz, PW; Sheaff Greiner, RC; Zhang, Q, 1996)		0.29
" The decrease in edema in the footpads of EFAD rats was nearly identical to the decrease in edema in the footpads of Control rats dosed with indomethacin."( Modulation of adjuvant-induced arthritis by dietary arachidonic acid in essential fatty acid-deficient rats.
Chinn, KS; Mehta, A; Obukowicz, MG; Raz, A; Salsgiver, WJ; Welsch, DJ, 1997)		0.3
"5 or 20 mg, was dosed intragastrically to rat together with 59."( Catabolic fate of dietary trilinoleoylglycerol hydroperoxides in rat gastrointestines.
Ashida, H; Kanazawa, K, 1998)		0.3
"5% CLA, and no dose-response effect was evident."( An increase in vitamin A status by the feeding of conjugated linoleic acid.
Angioni, E; Banni, S; Carta, G; Casu, V; Corongiu, FP; Ip, C; Melis, MP; Scrugli, S, 1999)		0.54
" Thus the CLA dose-response effect on arachidonic acid suppression corresponded closely with the CLA dose-response effect on cancer protection in the mammary gland."( Decrease in linoleic acid metabolites as a potential mechanism in cancer risk reduction by conjugated linoleic acid.
Angioni, E; Banni, S; Carta, G; Casu, V; Corongiu, FP; Ip, C; Melis, MP; Thompson, H, 1999)		0.68
" Animals were dosed 100 mg/kg capsaicin after the administration of olive oil, and the bile was obtained for 6 hours continuously after dosing with capsaicin for analysis of FFAs using HPLC methods."( Effects of capsaicin on biliary free fatty acids in rats.
Hori, Y; Nakamura, K; Saito, A; Yamamoto, M, 2000)		0.31
" Thus, controlled studies are needed to establish whether there is a dose-response relationship and whether trans fatty acids could affect the concentration of essential fatty acids (EFA), long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the (n-6)/(n-3) ratio in milk."( Dietary trans fatty acids affect the essential fatty-acid concentration of rat milk.
Gil, A; Larqué, E; Zamora, S, 2000)		0.31
" There is, however, insufficient evidence from human epidemiological data, and very few of the animal studies have shown a dose-response relationship with the quantity of CLA feed and the extent of tumor growth."( Conjugated linoleic acid and disease prevention: a review of current knowledge.
MacDonald, HB, 2000)		0.7
" Dose-response and time course experiments revealed a similar pattern of transcript accumulation and lipoxygenase activity in BTH-treated rice leaves."( Characterization of RCI-1, a chloroplastic rice lipoxygenase whose synthesis is induced by chemical plant resistance activators.
Dudler, R; Schaffrath, U; Zabbai, F, 2000)		0.31
" To investigate the dose-response relationships of conjugated linoleic acid with regard to BFM in humans, a randomized, double-blind study including 60 overweight or obese volunteers (body mass index 25-35 kg/m(2)) was performed."( Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat mass in overweight and obese humans.
Blankson, H; Fagertun, H; Gudmundsen, O; Stakkestad, JA; Thom, E; Wadstein, J, 2000)		0.94
" The present study investigated the pattern of tissue lipid labeling following an oral dose of 1-14C-linoleic acid after the animals had been dosed for the same time as above."( 1-14C-linoleic acid distribution in various tissue lipids of guinea pigs following an oral dose.
Attar-Bashi, NM; Fu, Z; Sinclair, AJ, 2001)		1.01
" The question may never be conclusively answered not only because prospective dietary intervention trials (unlike those with n-3 fish oil capsules) are fraught with dosage and compliance problems, but also because of high background linoleate consumption."( Who's afraid of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids? Methodological considerations for assessing whether they are harmful.
Berry, EM, 2001)		0.31
" This latter method showed that within 48 h of dosing with 13C-alpha-linolenate, >80% underwent beta-oxidation to CO2 by suckling rats, whereas 8-9% was converted to newly synthesized lipids and <1 % to docosahexaenoate."( Application of new methods and analytical approaches to research on polyunsaturated fatty acid homeostasis.
Cunnane, SC, 2001)		0.31
"1% or 1% CLN for 5 weeks, starting one week before the first dosing of AOM."( Dietary conjugated linolenic acid inhibits azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci in rats.
Hosokawa, M; Kohno, H; Miyashita, K; Noguchi, R; Suzuki, R; Tanaka, T, 2002)		0.31
" The dose-response curve yielded 50% inhibition concentrations of 301 +/- 117 microM for DHOA, 41 +/- 6 microM for DHOM, 34 +/- 5 microM for EOA, and 160 +/- 41 microM for EOM."( Differential effects of linoleic Acid metabolites on cardiac sodium current.
Harrell, MD; Stimers, JR, 2002)		0.62
"The newly synthesized linoleic acid derivative, FR236924, induces a long-lasting facilitation of hippocampal neurotransmission based on a persistent enhancement in the activity of presynaptic nicotinic ACh receptors via a PKC pathway and the ensuing increase in glutamate release, not only in vitro but in vivo at a low dosage (2mg/kg, ip), which suggested the possibility of its use as a promising anti-dementia drug."( The newly synthesized linoleic acid derivative FR236924 induces a long-lasting facilitation of hippocampal neurotransmission by targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
Nishizaki, T; Tanaka, A, 2003)		0.95
" The dose-response relationships for the above effects show that simvastatin, atorvastatin and fluvastatin affect linoleic acid conversion and the delta5 desaturase step more potently than the synthesis of cholesterol, simvastatin being the most effective in inhibiting sterol synthesis, whereas atorvastatin in stimulating the conversion of linoleic acid."( Relative potencies of statins in reducing cholesterol synthesis and enhancing linoleic acid metabolism.
Galli, C; Ghezzi, S; Risé, P, 2003)		0.76
" Pinane thromboxane, a selective thromboxane synthase inhibitor and receptor blocker, inhibited OxAA stimulation of TXB(2) and IL-8 in a dose-response manner."( Linoleic acid induces interleukin-8 production by Crohn's human intestinal smooth muscle cells via arachidonic acid metabolites.
Alzoghaibi, MA; Fowler, AA; Graham, MF; Walsh, SW; Willey, A; Yager, DR, 2004)		1.77
" The highest effect was observed in the group dosed with 100 mg Po-P/kg BW; the inhibition ratio was 69."( Antioxidative activity and protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage of a potato protein hydrolysate.
Ando, K; Kudoh, K; Matsumoto, M; Onodera, S; Shiomi, N; Takeda, Y, 2003)		0.32
" Thus, on a per dosage basis, the total amounts of n-3 and n-6 end products accreted in plasma were considerably greater for C20 EFA precursors relative to C18."( In vivo conversion of 18- and 20-C essential fatty acids in rats using the multiple simultaneous stable isotope method.
Lin, YH; Salem, N, 2005)		0.33
" Dosing continuous cultures of mixed ruminal microorganisms with 1-(13C)-oleic acid increased the 13C enrichment of both HSA and KSA at 24 h postdosing, and showed that the majority (96 and 85%, respectively) of the HSA and KSA present in the 24-h samples originated from oleic acid."( The production of 10-hydroxystearic and 10-ketostearic acids is an alternative route of oleic acid transformation by the ruminal microbiota in cattle.
Abughazaleh, AA; Freeman, S; Jenkins, TC; Thies, EJ, 2006)		0.33
" Through the use of the fluorescent Ca(2+)-sensitive dye Fluo-4, EKODE was shown to rapidly increase intracellular [Ca(2+)] ([Ca(2+)](i)) along a bell-shaped dose-response relationship with a maximum peak at 5 microM."( An oxidized metabolite of linoleic acid increases intracellular calcium in rat adrenal glomerulosa cells.
Bilodeau, L; Chouinard, L; Gallo-Payet, N; Goodfriend, TL; Mackendale, C; Payet, MD, 2006)		0.63
" Cellular LA or CLA was found to accumulate in a dose-response manner, mainly during the intermediate/late period."( Effect of conjugated linoleic acid type, treatment period, and dosage on differentiation of 3T3 cells.
He, ML; Hidari, H; Hnin, TM; Kuwayama, H; Mir, PS; Okine, EK, 2006)		0.65
" On average, approximately 16-18% of the D5-18:3n-3 and D5-18:2n-6 initial dosage was eventually accumulated in tissues, principally in adipose, skin, and muscle."( Whole body distribution of deuterated linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids and their metabolites in the rat.
Lin, YH; Salem, N, 2007)		0.34
" We have examined the inhibitory effect of free fatty acid (FFA), a binding inhibitor for site II of HSA, on the binding of flurbiprofen in-vitro and in-vivo by ultrafiltration, to establish an effective dosage of FP-ax."( Dosage plan of a flurbiprofen injection product using inhibition of protein binding by lipid emulsion in rats.
Arimori, K; Higuchi, S; Kawai, K; Ogata, K; Takamura, N; Tokunaga, J, 2008)		0.35
"A 19 wk, randomized crossover trial was conducted in 21 generally healthy men and postmenopausal women > or = 50 y to study the dose-response effects of walnut intake on biomarkers of antioxidant activity, oxidative stress, and nutrient status."( Chronic and acute effects of walnuts on antioxidant capacity and nutritional status in humans: a randomized, cross-over pilot study.
Blumberg, JB; Chen, CY; Lichtenstein, AH; Matthan, NR; McKay, DL; Yeum, KJ, 2010)		0.36
" The proportional changes in MDA and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) were consistent with a dose-response effect, although no significant within- or between-group differences were observed for these measures."( Chronic and acute effects of walnuts on antioxidant capacity and nutritional status in humans: a randomized, cross-over pilot study.
Blumberg, JB; Chen, CY; Lichtenstein, AH; Matthan, NR; McKay, DL; Yeum, KJ, 2010)		0.36
" To explore this possibility, this research investigated the linoleic acid biohydrogenation pathway to identify CLA isomers in cultures of ruminai microorganisms after dosing with a (13)C stable isotope."( Identification of enriched conjugated linoleic acid isomers in cultures of ruminal microorganisms after dosing with 1-(13)C-linoleic acid.
Jenkins, TC; Lee, YJ, 2011)		0.88
" A dose-response study with ALA showed that the activity of the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase enzyme was suppressed at all concentrations of glucose tested to a significant degree."( Effect of essential fatty acids on glucose-induced cytotoxicity to retinal vascular endothelial cells.
Das, UN; Shen, J; Shen, S; Xu, G, 2012)		0.38
" Additionally, we performed a dose-response meta-analysis of similar prospective studies on cholesteryl ester PUFA."( N-6 and N-3 fatty acid cholesteryl esters in relation to fatal CHD in a Dutch adult population: a nested case-control study and meta-analysis.
Boer, JM; de Goede, J; Geleijnse, JM; Kromhout, D; Verberne, LD; Verschuren, WM, 2013)		0.39
" No significant cytotoxicity was observed with these complexes at the tested dosage levels."( A polyethylenimine-linoleic acid conjugate for antisense oligonucleotide delivery.
Lee, RJ; Liu, Y; Teng, L; Xie, J; Yang, Z; Yung, BC; Zhou, C, 2013)		0.72
" Therefore, LA influence on adipocyte functions does not appear to follow a typical dose-response relationship, adding further complexity to the definition of its dietary requirement."( Is there an optimal dose for dietary linoleic acid? Lessons from essential fatty acid deficiency supplementation and adipocyte functions in rats.
Carpéné, C; Garcia, J; Garcia-Barrado, MJ; Harant-Farrugia, I; Iglesias-Osma, MC, 2014)		0.68
"In prospective observational studies, dietary LA intake is inversely associated with CHD risk in a dose-response manner."( Dietary linoleic acid and risk of coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
Chiuve, SE; Ding, M; Farvid, MS; Hu, FB; Pan, A; Steffen, LM; Sun, Q; Willett, WC, 2014)		0.84
" Compared to direct dosing of LA, LA sustained-released microspheres could inhibit Microcystis aeruginosa growth to the non-growth state."( Characterization of unsaturated fatty acid sustained-release microspheres for long-term algal inhibition.
Acharya, K; Hu, S; Jie, X; Li, S; Li, Y; Ni, L; Wang, P, 2015)		0.42
" Dosing rats with 20 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg of clofibrate decreased the brain accumulation of the P-glycoprotein substrate, verapamil, by 50% (in situ brain perfusion; effects blocked by GW6471) and increased P-glycoprotein expression and activity in capillaries ex vivo."( PPAR-α, a lipid-sensing transcription factor, regulates blood-brain barrier efflux transporter expression.
Campos, CR; Cannon, RE; Chan, GN; Evans, RA; Miller, DS; More, VR; Oliver, KD, 2017)		0.46
" In the dose-response analysis, a 2% and 3% decrease in the risk of cancer was observed with a 5% increase in blood levels of n-6 PUFAs and LA, respectively."( N-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Cancer: Accumulating Evidence from Prospective Studies.
Kim, J; Kim, Y, 2020)		0.56
" After 6 months of daily dosing in subjects with other disorders, D2-LA and D2-AA levels were at or above the 20% of total (D2-LA/total LA, or D2-AA/total AA) therapeutic targets for most subjects."( Plasma and Red Blood Cell Membrane Accretion and Pharmacokinetics of RT001 (bis-Allylic 11,11-D2-Linoleic Acid Ethyl Ester) during Long Term Dosing in Patients.
Atwal, P; Brenna, JT; Fielding, R; Heerinckx, F; James, G; Midei, M; Milner, P; Schmidt, K; Shchepinov, MS; van der Ploeg, L, 2020)		0.78
"Lisofylline (LSF) is an anti-inflammatory molecule with high aqueous solubility and rapid metabolic interconversion to its parent drug, pentoxifylline (PTX) resulting in very poor pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, necessitating high dose and dosing frequency."( Nanoparticulate tablet dosage form of lisofylline-linoleic acid conjugate for type 1 diabetes: in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) studies and pharmacokinetics in rat.
Chitkara, D; Italiya, KS; Mittal, A; Singh, AK, 2021)		0.87
" We demonstrated a substantial metabolic disparity between the dosing and control groups, further verifying the reliability of the method."( Effect of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Metabolites in H460 Lung Cancer Cells.
Fu, W; Huang, J; Wang, Y; Yan, C; Yang, K; Zhou, T, 2023)		0.91
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (3)

RoleDescription
plant metaboliteAny eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
Daphnia galeata metaboliteA Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia galeata.
algal metaboliteAny eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in algae including unicellular organisms like chlorella and diatoms to multicellular organisms like giant kelps and brown algae.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
octadecadienoic acidAny straight-chain, C18 polyunsaturated fatty acid having two C=C double bonds.
omega-6 fatty acidA family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the n-6 position, i.e., the sixth bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (417)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Metabolism14961108
Metabolism of lipids500463
Fatty acid metabolism113203
alpha-linolenic (omega3) and linoleic (omega6) acid metabolism1041
Linoleic acid (LA) metabolism524
Alpha Linolenic Acid and Linoleic Acid Metabolism517
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0)513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0)513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0)513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))59
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(16:0/22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0)513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0)513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))59
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:0/22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0)513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))59
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(9Z)/22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))59
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:1(11Z)/22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0/16:0)511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0/18:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0/18:1(9Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0/18:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0/20:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0/20:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0/20:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0/22:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0/22:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0/16:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0/18:0)511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0/18:1(9Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0/18:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0/20:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0/20:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0/20:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0/22:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0/22:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z)/16:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z)/18:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z)/18:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z)/20:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z)/20:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z)/20:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z)/22:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z)/22:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z)/16:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z)/18:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z)/18:1(9Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z)/18:1(11Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z)/20:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z)/20:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z)/20:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z)/22:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z)/22:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0)511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0)511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0)511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/16:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/22:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/16:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:1(9Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0/16:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0/18:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0/18:1(9Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0/18:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0/20:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0/20:1(11Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0/20:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0/22:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0/22:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z)/16:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z)/18:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z)/18:1(9Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z)/18:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z)/20:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z)/20:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z)/20:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z)/22:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z)/22:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z)/16:0)59
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z)/18:0)59
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z)/18:1(9Z))59
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z)/18:1(11Z))59
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))58
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))59
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))59
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z)/20:0)59
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z)/20:1(11Z))59
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z)/20:1(13Z))58
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z)/22:0)59
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z)/22:1(13Z))59
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0/16:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0/18:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0/18:1(9Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0/18:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0/20:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0/20:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0/20:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0/22:0)511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0/22:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z)/16:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z)/18:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z)/18:1(9Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z)/18:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z)/20:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z)/20:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z)/20:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z)/22:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z)/22:1(13Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))59
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))59
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0)513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))59
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:0/22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))59
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(11Z)/22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0)511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0)511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))510
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0)511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z))510
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0)511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))58
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(20:1(13Z)/22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))511
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))59
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:0/22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0)512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/20:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))59
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))513
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(22:1(13Z)/22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))512
Triacylglycerol Degradation TG(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))512
Metabolism of alpha-linolenic acid615
Omega-3 / omega-6 fatty acid synthesis038
Linoleic acid metabolism affected by SARS-CoV-2513
Linoleic acid oxylipin metabolism013
Mitochondrial beta-oxidation064
Elongation of (very) long chain fatty acids345
Octadecanoid formation from linoleic acid028
Folic acid network070
AtMetExpress overview0109
Selenium micronutrient network095
Omega-3 and omega-6 unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis pathway014
9-LOX and 9-HPL pathway03
13-LOX and 13-HPL pathway08
Divinyl ether biosynthesis II (13-LOX)04

Protein Targets (80)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency56.23410.004023.8416100.0000AID485290
Chain A, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.025120.237639.8107AID893
Chain B, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.025120.237639.8107AID893
LuciferasePhotinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)Potency78.34310.007215.758889.3584AID1224835
acetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Potency89.35840.002541.796015,848.9004AID1347397
15-lipoxygenase, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.15850.012610.691788.5700AID887
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunitHomo sapiens (human)Potency61.14403.189029.884159.4836AID1224846
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency75.70830.006038.004119,952.5996AID1159521
SMAD family member 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency33.73550.173734.304761.8120AID1346859; AID1346924
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency56.23410.031637.5844354.8130AID504865
SMAD family member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency33.73550.173734.304761.8120AID1346859; AID1346924
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency23.62690.000714.592883.7951AID1259369; AID1259392
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency17.99810.000221.22318,912.5098AID588516; AID743035; AID743036; AID743042; AID743054; AID743063
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine proteaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency60.13730.013326.981070.7614AID1346978
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency17.78280.011212.4002100.0000AID1030
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.62280.001318.074339.8107AID926; AID938
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency42.39700.000657.913322,387.1992AID1259377; AID1259378
progesterone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.45370.000417.946075.1148AID1346784; AID1346795
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.89600.000214.376460.0339AID720691; AID720692
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency30.85200.003041.611522,387.1992AID1159552; AID1159555
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency36.30710.000817.505159.3239AID1159527; AID1159531; AID588544; AID588546
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency54.01490.001530.607315,848.9004AID1224849; AID1259403
farnesoid X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency32.41050.375827.485161.6524AID588526; AID743217
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency60.63390.005428.02631,258.9301AID1346982
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency33.76160.000229.305416,493.5996AID588513; AID743069; AID743075; AID743078
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.62280.001024.504861.6448AID588534
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency37.01030.001019.414170.9645AID588536; AID588537; AID743094; AID743140; AID743191
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.30130.023723.228263.5986AID743222
caspase-3Homo sapiens (human)Potency60.13730.013326.981070.7614AID1346978
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency61.13060.001723.839378.1014AID743083
activating transcription factor 6Homo sapiens (human)Potency45.79180.143427.612159.8106AID1159516; AID1159519
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.292619.739145.978464.9432AID1159509
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)Homo sapiens (human)Potency46.15000.057821.109761.2679AID1159526; AID1159528
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.91250.001815.663839.8107AID894
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency59.88960.000323.4451159.6830AID743065; AID743067
heat shock protein beta-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency46.80110.042027.378961.6448AID743210; AID743228
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency61.13060.000627.21521,122.0200AID743202; AID743219
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency26.60860.004611.374133.4983AID624296
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency26.67950.031622.3146100.0000AID588579
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency31.62280.031610.279239.8107AID884; AID885
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.18380.251215.843239.8107AID504327
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.17780.891312.067628.1838AID1487
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency68.21810.002319.595674.0614AID651631; AID720552
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency36.42610.015823.527344.6684AID651778
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 Bos taurus (cattle)IC50 (µMol)170.00000.00051.41288.2000AID360928
Sterol O-acyltransferase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)1,000.00000.00580.66266.0000AID241990
TrypsinSus scrofa (pig)IC50 (µMol)200.00000.50000.50000.5000AID402793
Fatty acid-binding protein, heartHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)1.00000.36700.84181.0000AID1192390; AID1192391; AID483948
Fatty acid-binding protein, heartHomo sapiens (human)Ki9.30000.25005.90809.3000AID1312078
Seed linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase-1Glycine max (soybean)IC50 (µMol)8.33330.07002.12673.5000AID455078; AID455079; AID455080
Coagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)41.00000.00020.83363.3000AID402795
AromataseHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)48.00000.00001.290410.0000AID376617
Tissue factorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)41.00000.00010.734410.0000AID402795
Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)10.76670.22101.22532.7500AID1192389; AID483947; AID483950
Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)Ki6.80000.00200.92916.8000AID1312065
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)13.00000.00021.557410.0000AID403341
Adenosine receptor A1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)65.00000.00020.552110.0000AID380176
Sterol O-acyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)1,000.00000.02501.79758.0000AID241602; AID241603
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.69000.05002.207010.0000AID1674107; AID1674108
Dual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)100.00004.00005.97508.5000AID630399
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2Ovis aries (sheep)IC50 (µMol)94.00000.00101.453910.0000AID360927
Fatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)Ki2.30000.24802.77129.3700AID1802832
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Free fatty acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)2.17160.00030.73698.8000AID1418782; AID1624318; AID371570; AID371573; AID371576
Free fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)0.31620.04372.35477.5858AID1178768
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (338)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayFree fatty acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationFree fatty acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
insulin secretionFree fatty acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta productionFree fatty acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
glucose homeostasisFree fatty acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium ion transportFree fatty acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to fatty acidFree fatty acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
ion channel modulating, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayFree fatty acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated ion channel signaling pathwayFree fatty acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin secretionFree fatty acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayFree fatty acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stressProstaglandin G/H synthase 1 Bos taurus (cattle)
cellular oxidant detoxificationProstaglandin G/H synthase 1 Bos taurus (cattle)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
autophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrestCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transductionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein localizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replicationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespanCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substanceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-rayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
viral processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signalingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomeraseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UVCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeabilityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiodCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibioticCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behaviorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell deathCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-CCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin DCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shuntCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationFatty acid-binding protein, heartHomo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid transportFatty acid-binding protein, heartHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular lipid transportFatty acid-binding protein, heartHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasisFatty acid-binding protein, heartHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid oxidationFatty acid-binding protein, heartHomo sapiens (human)
brown fat cell differentiationFatty acid-binding protein, heartHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid homeostasisFatty acid-binding protein, heartHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic processFatty acid-binding protein, heartHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of long-chain fatty acid import into cellFatty acid-binding protein, heartHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic processFatty acid-binding protein, heartHomo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxiaCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxisCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
blood coagulationCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
circadian rhythmCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
response to carbon dioxideCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathwayCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
protein processingCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood coagulationCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migrationCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
animal organ regenerationCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of TOR signalingCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
response to estradiolCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
response to vitamin KCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
response to genisteinCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
response to estrogenCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of positive chemotaxisCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
response to growth hormoneCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
response to cholesterolCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
response to thyroxineCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
response to Thyroid stimulating hormoneCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxineCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
response to astaxanthinCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
response to thyrotropin-releasing hormoneCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of chronic inflammatory responseAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
steroid biosynthetic processAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
estrogen biosynthetic processAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
androgen catabolic processAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
syncytium formationAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macrophage chemotaxisAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
sterol metabolic processAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
female genitalia developmentAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
mammary gland developmentAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
uterus developmentAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
prostate gland growthAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
testosterone biosynthetic processAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of estradiol secretionAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
female gonad developmentAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
response to estradiolAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-8 productionTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferationTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
activation of plasma proteins involved in acute inflammatory responseTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
activation of blood coagulation via clotting cascadeTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic processTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
blood coagulationTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathwayTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
protein processingTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migrationTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of TOR signalingTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesisTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of positive chemotaxisTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathwayTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
response to bacteriumFatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid transportFatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasisFatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionFatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory responseFatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)
white fat cell differentiationFatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)
brown fat cell differentiationFatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lithium ionFatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to tumor necrosis factorFatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesisFatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid transportFatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin biosynthetic processProstaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stressProstaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressureProstaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cyclooxygenase pathwayProstaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell population proliferationProstaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular oxidant detoxificationProstaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)
MAPK cascadeTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7Homo sapiens (human)
protein dephosphorylationTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic processSterol O-acyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic processSterol O-acyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
macrophage derived foam cell differentiationSterol O-acyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol storageSterol O-acyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol effluxSterol O-acyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
very-low-density lipoprotein particle assemblySterol O-acyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
low-density lipoprotein particle clearanceSterol O-acyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasisSterol O-acyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic processSterol O-acyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
retinoid metabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin metabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
response to nutrientAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferationAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
male gonad developmentAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to starvationAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
farnesol catabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
cyclooxygenase pathwayAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
keratinocyte differentiationAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
progesterone metabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
retinal metabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
macromolecule metabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
daunorubicin metabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
doxorubicin metabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathwayAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transductionAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
testosterone biosynthetic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
renal absorptionAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to calcium ionAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to prostaglandin stimulusAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to corticosteroid stimulusAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to jasmonic acid stimulusAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to prostaglandin D stimulusAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of retinoic acid biosynthetic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of testosterone biosynthetic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IINuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxiaNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
neuron migrationNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
response to amphetamineNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-templated transcriptionNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
transcription by RNA polymerase IINuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
adult locomotory behaviorNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
post-embryonic developmentNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
central nervous system projection neuron axonogenesisNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
habenula developmentNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathwayNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to oxidative stressNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine metabolic processNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine biosynthetic processNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
neuron maturationNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic processNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of respiratory gaseous exchangeNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
fat cell differentiationNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IINuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
general adaptation syndromeNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
canonical Wnt signaling pathwayNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulusNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
dopaminergic neuron differentiationNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiationNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathwayNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IINuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
central nervous system neuron differentiationNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
dephosphorylationDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migrationDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylationDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathwayDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of MAPK cascadeDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycleDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of JNK cascadeDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathwayDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell activationDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of chemotaxisDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of focal adhesion assemblyDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulusDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of focal adhesion disassemblyDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation involved in inactivation of protein kinase activityDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
glucose metabolic processFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
lipid metabolic processFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic processFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
epidermis developmentFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose transmembrane transportFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid transportFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic processFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathwayFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
glucose homeostasisFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of sensory perception of painFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by endocanabinoidFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesisFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
lipid transport across blood-brain barrierFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid transportFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory responsePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of signaling receptor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transductionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transformation of host cell by virusPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxiaPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
gluconeogenesisPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
heart developmentPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
response to nutrientPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
epidermis developmentPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to starvationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular ketone metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cholesterol storagePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceridePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of appetitePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
response to insulinPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expressionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to nicotinePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
wound healingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
lipoprotein metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythmPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
steroid hormone mediated signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gluconeogenesisPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of blood pressurePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glycolytic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fatty acid oxidationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory responsePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell developmentPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
enamel mineralizationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to fructose stimulusPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA transcriptionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid transportPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
hormone-mediated signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cell differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cytokine productionFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory responseFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glucose transmembrane transportFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta productionFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
ghrelin secretionFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of osteoblast differentiationFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory responseFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
white fat cell differentiationFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
brown fat cell differentiationFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of tasteFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glucagon secretionFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of somatostatin secretionFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiationFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesisFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hormone stimulusFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
hormone secretionFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (114)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
G protein-coupled receptor activityFree fatty acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
lipid bindingFree fatty acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
bioactive lipid receptor activityFree fatty acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
peroxidase activityProstaglandin G/H synthase 1 Bos taurus (cattle)
heme bindingProstaglandin G/H synthase 1 Bos taurus (cattle)
metal ion bindingProstaglandin G/H synthase 1 Bos taurus (cattle)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protease bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
p53 bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingFatty acid-binding protein, heartHomo sapiens (human)
cytoskeletal protein bindingFatty acid-binding protein, heartHomo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid bindingFatty acid-binding protein, heartHomo sapiens (human)
oleic acid bindingFatty acid-binding protein, heartHomo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activityCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor bindingCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion bindingCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
serine-type peptidase activityCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
iron ion bindingAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
steroid hydroxylase activityAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
electron transfer activityAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygenAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
oxygen bindingAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
heme bindingAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
aromatase activityAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activityTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
protease bindingTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid bindingTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor activityTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid transmembrane transporter activityFatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid bindingFatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)
hormone receptor bindingFatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid bindingFatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)
peroxidase activityProstaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activityProstaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingProstaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)
heme bindingProstaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingProstaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygenProstaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)
non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase activityTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine phosphatase activityTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7Homo sapiens (human)
fatty-acyl-CoA bindingSterol O-acyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
sterol O-acyltransferase activitySterol O-acyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSterol O-acyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol bindingSterol O-acyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol O-acyltransferase activitySterol O-acyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
retinal dehydrogenase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
aldose reductase (NADPH) activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
aldo-keto reductase (NADPH) activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, quinone or similar compound as acceptorAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
phenanthrene 9,10-monooxygenase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
dihydrotestosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin H2 endoperoxidase reductase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin D2 11-ketoreductase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
geranylgeranyl reductase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
ketoreductase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin-F synthase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
15-hydroxyprostaglandin-D dehydrogenase (NADP+) activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
androsterone dehydrogenase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol dehydrogenase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
testosterone dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
androstan-3-alpha,17-beta-diol dehydrogenase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
ketosteroid monooxygenase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
Delta4-3-oxosteroid 5beta-reductase activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activityAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid bindingAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activityNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
beta-catenin bindingNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear retinoid X receptor bindingNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA bindingNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear glucocorticoid receptor bindingNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine phosphatase activityDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
cytoskeletal protein bindingDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activityDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatase activityDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
myosin phosphatase activityDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase bindingDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase bindingDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
MAP kinase phosphatase activityDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase bindingDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid bindingFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid transmembrane transporter activityFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid bindingFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
lipid bindingFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear steroid receptor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
lipid bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatase bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin conjugating enzyme bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific DNA bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
NFAT protein bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activityFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid bindingFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
taste receptor activityFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
peptide bindingFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (51)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneFree fatty acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneFree fatty acid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneProstaglandin G/H synthase 1 Bos taurus (cattle)
nuclear bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replication forkCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
centrosomeCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
PML bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand breakCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatinCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceFatty acid-binding protein, heartHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolFatty acid-binding protein, heartHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeFatty acid-binding protein, heartHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusFatty acid-binding protein, heartHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolFatty acid-binding protein, heartHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumenCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi lumenCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
vesicleCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
collagen-containing extracellular matrixCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
serine-type peptidase complexCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceCoagulation factor VIIHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
membraneAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumAromataseHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
membraneTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
collagen-containing extracellular matrixTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
serine-type peptidase complexTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneTissue factorHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusFatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmFatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)
lipid dropletFatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolFatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeFatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolFatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusFatty acid-binding protein, adipocyteHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
photoreceptor outer segmentProstaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmProstaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneProstaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusProstaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleProstaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeProstaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmProstaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projectionProstaglandin G/H synthase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic side of plasma membraneTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7Homo sapiens (human)
microtubule cytoskeletonTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic spindleTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumSterol O-acyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneSterol O-acyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSterol O-acyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneSterol O-acyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear speckNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
chromatinNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complexNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusNuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2Homo sapiens (human)
immunological synapseDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmDual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
extracellular regionFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic densityFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membraneFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
azurophil granule lumenFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
synapseFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusFatty acid-binding protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
chromatinPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)
lysosomal membraneFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
ciliumFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
endosome membraneFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
endocytic vesicleFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
ciliary membraneFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneFree fatty acid receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (192)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID540299A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21
Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID588519A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities2011Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3
High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID504749qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation2011Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043
Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1346679Human K2P10.1 (Two P domain potassium channels)2000The Journal of biological chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 275, Issue:37
Human TREK2, a 2P domain mechano-sensitive K+ channel with multiple regulations by polyunsaturated fatty acids, lysophospholipids, and Gs, Gi, and Gq protein-coupled receptors.
AID1346800Human Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (1C. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors)2004European journal of biochemistry, Jan, Volume: 271, Issue:2
Binding analyses between Human PPARgamma-LBD and ligands.
AID1346678Human Kv2.1 (Voltage-gated potassium channels)2001American journal of physiology. Cell physiology, Oct, Volume: 281, Issue:4
Linoleic acid both enhances activation and blocks Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 channels by two separate mechanisms.
AID1346729Human Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4-alpha (2A. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 receptors)2009PloS one, , Volume: 4, Issue:5
Identification of an endogenous ligand bound to a native orphan nuclear receptor.
AID1345809Human FFA1 receptor (Free fatty acid receptors)2003The Journal of biological chemistry, Mar-28, Volume: 278, Issue:13
The orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR40 is activated by medium and long chain fatty acids.
AID1345809Human FFA1 receptor (Free fatty acid receptors)2003Nature, Mar-13, Volume: 422, Issue:6928
Free fatty acids regulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells through GPR40.
AID1346800Human Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (1C. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors)2001European journal of pharmacology, Apr-06, Volume: 417, Issue:1-2
Binding of prostaglandins to human PPARgamma: tool assessment and new natural ligands.
AID1345188Human FFA4 receptor (Free fatty acid receptors)2006British journal of pharmacology, Jul, Volume: 148, Issue:5
Pharmacological regulation of insulin secretion in MIN6 cells through the fatty acid receptor GPR40: identification of agonist and antagonist small molecules.
AID1345809Human FFA1 receptor (Free fatty acid receptors)2003Biochemical and biophysical research communications, Feb-07, Volume: 301, Issue:2
A human cell surface receptor activated by free fatty acids and thiazolidinedione drugs.
AID1083120Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as mortality at 25 degC at 2000 umol/L after 24 hr Rvb = 1.47 to 2.51%)2012Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Nov-21, Volume: 60, Issue:46
Potential antagonistic effects of nine natural fatty acids against Meloidogyne incognita.
AID627878Inhibition of histidine-tagged human DNA polymerase gamma using bovine deoxyribonuclease 1-treated DNA and dNTP as the DNA template-primer and nucleotide substrate at 10 uM after 60 mins2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19
Inhibitory effect of novel 5-O-acyl juglones on mammalian DNA polymerase activity, cancer cell growth and inflammatory response.
AID376618Inhibition of aromatase in human SKBR3 cells at 100 uM relative to control2006Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 69, Issue:4
Interference by naturally occurring fatty acids in a noncellular enzyme-based aromatase bioassay.
AID483952Displacement of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene-sulfonic acid from human FABP4 F16A mutant expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells at 500 uM after 3 mins2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12
Discovery of highly selective inhibitors of human fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) by virtual screening.
AID1082359Nematicidal activity against Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae assessed as nematode mortality at 0.5% under light conditions measured 24 hr post dose by stereoscopic microscopy2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-14, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Isolation of nematicidal compounds from Tagetes patula L. yellow flowers: structure-activity relationship studies against cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae.
AID1090873Antitermite activity against greater than third-instar stage of Coptotermes formosanus workers/1 soldier in compound-pretreated filter paper assessed as mortality at 0.5% at 26 degC after 6 days (Rvb = 2.5 +/-5%)2007Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 55, Issue:26
Phytotoxic Eremophilanes from Ligularia macrophylla.
AID1110763Nematocidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode)2002Annual review of phytopathology, , Volume: 40Phytochemical based strategies for nematode control.
AID323929Cytotoxicity against human OR6 cells after 72 hrs2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Comprehensive analysis of the effects of ordinary nutrients on hepatitis C virus RNA replication in cell culture.
AID483948Displacement of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene-sulfonic acid from human His-FABP3 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells after 3 mins relative to linoleic acid2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12
Discovery of highly selective inhibitors of human fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) by virtual screening.
AID402796Inhibition of amidolytic activity of human recombinant soluble tissue factor (Ala-TF 1 to 219)/human factor 7a1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Inhibitory activity of unsaturated fatty acids and anacardic acids toward soluble tissue factor-factor VIIa complex.
AID1312078Displacement of 1,8-ANS from His6-tagged FABP3 (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells by fluorescence assay2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18
The discovery of novel and selective fatty acid binding protein 4 inhibitors by virtual screening and biological evaluation.
AID1090877Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum acutatum assessed as diameter of growth inhibitory zone at 10 ug after 4-5 days by direct bioautography2007Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 55, Issue:26
Phytotoxic Eremophilanes from Ligularia macrophylla.
AID1110759Nematocidal activity against Caenorhabditis elegans assessed as mortality2002Annual review of phytopathology, , Volume: 40Phytochemical based strategies for nematode control.
AID483946Displacement of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene-sulfonic acid from human His-FABP4 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells at 100 uM after 3 mins2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12
Discovery of highly selective inhibitors of human fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) by virtual screening.
AID1083135Nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as cumulative percentage of egg hatching at 25 degC at 2000 umol/L on day 3 (SDW control = 0.57 +/- 0.37%)2012Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Nov-21, Volume: 60, Issue:46
Potential antagonistic effects of nine natural fatty acids against Meloidogyne incognita.
AID423136Binding affinity to Vibrio cholerae cholera toxin assessed as inhibition of cholera toxin binding to ganglioside GM1 receptor relative to ganglioside GM1 receptor antagonist m-nitrophenyl-alpha-galactosidase2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Bile and unsaturated fatty acids inhibit the binding of cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin to GM1 receptor.
AID241990Inhibitory activity against rat liver microsomal Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-16, Volume: 14, Issue:16
Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitory activities of fatty acid amides isolated from Mylabris phalerate Pallas.
AID1083124Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as mortality at 25 degC at 100 umol/L after 24 hr (Rvb = 1.47 to 2.51%)2012Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Nov-21, Volume: 60, Issue:46
Potential antagonistic effects of nine natural fatty acids against Meloidogyne incognita.
AID371576Agonist activity at human GPR40 expressed in CHOK1 cells by fluorescence assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 18, Issue:24
Discovery of diacylphloroglucinols as a new class of GPR40 (FFAR1) agonists.
AID483951Displacement of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene-sulfonic acid from human FABP4 F16A mutant expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells after 3 mins2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12
Discovery of highly selective inhibitors of human fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) by virtual screening.
AID402798Inhibition of amidolytic activity of human recombinant soluble tissue factor/human factor 7a preincubated with factor 7a for 90 mins1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Inhibitory activity of unsaturated fatty acids and anacardic acids toward soluble tissue factor-factor VIIa complex.
AID1192390Inhibition of FABP4 (unknown origin) relative to linoleic acid2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 90Novel fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) inhibitors: virtual screening, synthesis and crystal structure determination.
AID642414Estrogenic activity at ERalpha in human MVLN cells at 100 ug/mL after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to E22012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1
Discovery of estrogen receptor α modulators from natural compounds in Si-Wu-Tang series decoctions using estrogen-responsive MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
AID1090889Phytotoxic activity against Lactuca sativa (lettuce) seeds assessed as inhibition of germination at 100 uM at 26 degC measured 7 days post-drug dose2007Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 55, Issue:26
Phytotoxic Eremophilanes from Ligularia macrophylla.
AID402794Octanol-water partition coefficient, log P of the compound1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Inhibitory activity of unsaturated fatty acids and anacardic acids toward soluble tissue factor-factor VIIa complex.
AID642415Estrogenic activity at ERalpha in human MVLN cells at 20 ug/mL after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to E22012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1
Discovery of estrogen receptor α modulators from natural compounds in Si-Wu-Tang series decoctions using estrogen-responsive MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
AID323924Antiviral activity against HCV assessed as suppression of HCV RNA replication in ORN/C-5B/KE/poly cells after 72 hrs by luciferase reporter assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Comprehensive analysis of the effects of ordinary nutrients on hepatitis C virus RNA replication in cell culture.
AID323930Antiviral activity against HCV assessed as inhibition of HCV RNA replication in OR6 cells by luciferase reporter assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Comprehensive analysis of the effects of ordinary nutrients on hepatitis C virus RNA replication in cell culture.
AID1082346Nematicidal activity against Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae assessed as nematode mortality at 5% under light conditions measured 5 to 60 min post dose by stereoscopic microscopy2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-14, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Isolation of nematicidal compounds from Tagetes patula L. yellow flowers: structure-activity relationship studies against cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae.
AID1082351Nematicidal activity against Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae assessed as nematode mortality at 0.5% under dark conditions measured 24 hr post dose by stereoscopic microscopy2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-14, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Isolation of nematicidal compounds from Tagetes patula L. yellow flowers: structure-activity relationship studies against cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae.
AID330320Inhibition of hepatitis C virus replication in Huh7-K2040 cells in presence of fetal calf serum assessed viral RNA level at 0.1 mM by RT-PCR relative to control2007Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Nov-20, Volume: 104, Issue:47
Inhibition of hepatitis C virus replication by peroxidation of arachidonate and restoration by vitamin E.
AID1083132Nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as cumulative percentage of egg hatching at 25 degC at 2000 umol/L on day 7 (SDW control = 12.63 +/- 3.84%)2012Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Nov-21, Volume: 60, Issue:46
Potential antagonistic effects of nine natural fatty acids against Meloidogyne incognita.
AID323932Cytotoxicity against human OR6 cells after 120 hrs2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Comprehensive analysis of the effects of ordinary nutrients on hepatitis C virus RNA replication in cell culture.
AID627976Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells by WST-1 assay2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19
Inhibitory effect of novel 5-O-acyl juglones on mammalian DNA polymerase activity, cancer cell growth and inflammatory response.
AID423126Binding affinity to Vibrio cholerae cholera toxin assessed as inhibition of cholera toxin binding to ganglioside GM1 receptor treated 15 mins before receptor addition by ELISA2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Bile and unsaturated fatty acids inhibit the binding of cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin to GM1 receptor.
AID483949Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for His-human FABP3 to IC50 for human His-FABP42010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12
Discovery of highly selective inhibitors of human fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) by virtual screening.
AID1082344Nematicidal activity against Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae assessed as nematode mortality at 1% under light conditions measured 5 to 60 min post dose by stereoscopic microscopy2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-14, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Isolation of nematicidal compounds from Tagetes patula L. yellow flowers: structure-activity relationship studies against cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae.
AID627875Inhibition of histidine-tagged human DNA polymerase gamma using poly(dA)/oligo(dT)18 (A/T = 2/1) and dTTP as the DNA template-primer and nucleotide substrate at 10 uM after 60 mins2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19
Inhibitory effect of novel 5-O-acyl juglones on mammalian DNA polymerase activity, cancer cell growth and inflammatory response.
AID288712Agonist activity at GPR40 in mouse MIN6 cells assessed as stimulation of 25 mM glucose-mediated insulin secretion at 30 uM2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-14, Volume: 50, Issue:12
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-aryl-3-(4-phenoxy)-propionic acid as a novel series of G protein-coupled receptor 40 agonists.
AID630398Inhibition of GST-tagged human SHP2 N-terminal SH2 domain deficient mutant PTP activity using pNpp as substrate after 30 mins2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 21, Issue:22
Fatty acids as natural specific inhibitors of the proto-oncogenic protein Shp2.
AID627980Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells at 5 uM2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19
Inhibitory effect of novel 5-O-acyl juglones on mammalian DNA polymerase activity, cancer cell growth and inflammatory response.
AID455078Competitive inhibition of soybean LO12009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 17, Issue:18
Substrate specificity effects of lipoxygenase products and inhibitors on soybean lipoxygenase-1.
AID371574Agonist activity at human GPR40 expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as fold increase in calcium flux at 10 uM by fluorescence assay relative to control2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 18, Issue:24
Discovery of diacylphloroglucinols as a new class of GPR40 (FFAR1) agonists.
AID1090870Antitermite activity against greater than third-instar stage of Coptotermes formosanus workers/1 soldier in compound-pretreated filter paper assessed as filter paper consumption at 0.5% at 26 degC after 21 days (Rvb = 41.4 +/-5.6 mg)2007Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 55, Issue:26
Phytotoxic Eremophilanes from Ligularia macrophylla.
AID402800Inhibition of amidolytic activity of human recombinant soluble tissue factor/human factor 7a preincubated with tissue factor for 90 mins1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Inhibitory activity of unsaturated fatty acids and anacardic acids toward soluble tissue factor-factor VIIa complex.
AID371575Agonist activity at human GPR40 expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as effect on calcium flux at 10 uM by fluorescence assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 18, Issue:24
Discovery of diacylphloroglucinols as a new class of GPR40 (FFAR1) agonists.
AID627876Inhibition of C-terminal His6-tagged human DNA polymerase kappa (amino acids 1 to 560) using poly(dA)/oligo(dT)18 (A/T = 2/1) and dTTP as the DNA template-primer and nucleotide substrate at 10 uM after 60 mins2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19
Inhibitory effect of novel 5-O-acyl juglones on mammalian DNA polymerase activity, cancer cell growth and inflammatory response.
AID483954Selectivity ratio of IC50 for human FABP4 F106A mutant to IC50 for human wild type FABP42010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12
Discovery of highly selective inhibitors of human fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) by virtual screening.
AID658580Inhibition of Multidrug resistance efflux pump in Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2 155 assessed as modulation of rifampicin-mediated antibacterial activity measuring ratio of rifampicin MIC to rifampicin and compound MIC at 2 mg/L after 72 hrs by MTT assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 20, Issue:8
Compounds of Alpinia katsumadai as potential efflux inhibitors in Mycobacterium smegmatis.
AID483947Displacement of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene-sulfonic acid from human His-FABP4 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells after 3 mins2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12
Discovery of highly selective inhibitors of human fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) by virtual screening.
AID627877Inhibition of calf DNA polymerase alpha using bovine deoxyribonuclease 1-treated DNA and dNTP as the DNA template-primer and nucleotide substrate at 10 uM after 60 mins2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19
Inhibitory effect of novel 5-O-acyl juglones on mammalian DNA polymerase activity, cancer cell growth and inflammatory response.
AID627981Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19
Inhibitory effect of novel 5-O-acyl juglones on mammalian DNA polymerase activity, cancer cell growth and inflammatory response.
AID627879Inhibition of C-terminal His6-tagged human DNA polymerase kappa (amino acids 1 to 560) using bovine deoxyribonuclease 1-treated DNA and dNTP as the DNA template-primer and nucleotide substrate at 10 uM after 60 mins2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19
Inhibitory effect of novel 5-O-acyl juglones on mammalian DNA polymerase activity, cancer cell growth and inflammatory response.
AID658437Antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2 155 after 72 hrs by MTT assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 20, Issue:8
Compounds of Alpinia katsumadai as potential efflux inhibitors in Mycobacterium smegmatis.
AID423133Inhibition of intestinal fluid accumulation in rabbit ligated ileal loop model at 3.3 mM injected in presence of cholera toxin after 16 hrs2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Bile and unsaturated fatty acids inhibit the binding of cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin to GM1 receptor.
AID40631Inhibitory activity on germination of Bacillus subtilis PCI219 spores was determined at 2 x 10E-4 M1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 25, Issue:3
Quantitative structure-inhibitory activity relationships of phenols and fatty acids for Bacillus subtilis spore germination.
AID1192391Inhibition of FABP3 (unknown origin) relative to linoleic acid2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 90Novel fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) inhibitors: virtual screening, synthesis and crystal structure determination.
AID1624318Agonist activity at human FFA1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular Ca2+ flux by Fluo-4 dye based assay2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-15, Volume: 29, Issue:6
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel potent FFA1 agonists containing 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine.
AID627982Antiinflammatory activity in mouse assessed as inhibition of TPA-induced mouse ear edema at 500 ug/ear administered 30 mins before TPA challenge measured after 7 hrs relative to untreated control2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19
Inhibitory effect of novel 5-O-acyl juglones on mammalian DNA polymerase activity, cancer cell growth and inflammatory response.
AID1750101Induction of GLP-1 secretion in human STC1 cells at 100 uM after 1 hrs by ELISA
AID323923Cytotoxicity against human OR6 cells after 120 hrs by cell viability assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Comprehensive analysis of the effects of ordinary nutrients on hepatitis C virus RNA replication in cell culture.
AID455080Allosteric inhibition of soybean LO12009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 17, Issue:18
Substrate specificity effects of lipoxygenase products and inhibitors on soybean lipoxygenase-1.
AID1082341Nematicidal activity against Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae assessed as nematode mortality at 0.125% under light conditions measured 5 to 60 min post dose by stereoscopic microscopy2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-14, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Isolation of nematicidal compounds from Tagetes patula L. yellow flowers: structure-activity relationship studies against cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae.
AID402795Inhibition of amidolytic activity of human tissue factor/human factor 7a1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Inhibitory activity of unsaturated fatty acids and anacardic acids toward soluble tissue factor-factor VIIa complex.
AID1082342Nematicidal activity against Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae assessed as nematode mortality at 0.25% under light conditions measured 5 to 60 min post dose by stereoscopic microscopy2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-14, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Isolation of nematicidal compounds from Tagetes patula L. yellow flowers: structure-activity relationship studies against cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae.
AID241603Inhibitory activity against human Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 22004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-16, Volume: 14, Issue:16
Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitory activities of fatty acid amides isolated from Mylabris phalerate Pallas.
AID627979Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced TNFalpha secretion at 5 uM treated 30 mins before LPS challenge measured after 24 hrs by ELISA2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19
Inhibitory effect of novel 5-O-acyl juglones on mammalian DNA polymerase activity, cancer cell growth and inflammatory response.
AID1338209Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus FabI using t-o-NAC-thioester as substrate by spectrophometric method2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 125Antitubercular activity of 1,2,3-triazolyl fatty acid derivatives.
AID1090894Phytotoxic activity against Agrostis stolonifera seeds assessed as inhibition of germination at 10 uM at 26 degC measured 12 days post-drug dose2007Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 55, Issue:26
Phytotoxic Eremophilanes from Ligularia macrophylla.
AID360929Selectivity ratio for IC50 for sheep COX2 to IC50 for bovine COX22001Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 64, Issue:6
Cox-2 inhibitory effects of naturally occurring and modified fatty acids.
AID423128Effect of quaternary structure of Vibrio cholerae cholera toxin by PAGE2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Bile and unsaturated fatty acids inhibit the binding of cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin to GM1 receptor.
AID380180Displacement of [3H]DPCPX from rat adenosine A1 receptor at 0.1 mM by liquid scintillation counting1999Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Interference of linoleic acid fraction in some receptor binding assays.
AID630399Inhibition of GST-tagged human VHR using pNpp as substrate after 30 mins2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 21, Issue:22
Fatty acids as natural specific inhibitors of the proto-oncogenic protein Shp2.
AID1616997Antiallergic activity in rat RBL2H3 cells assessed as inhibition of DNP-HSA-mediated degranulation by measuring decrease in beta-hexosaminidase activity preincubated for 30 mins followed by DNP-HSA stimulation and measured after 30 mins by 4-nitrophenyl 22019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-14, Volume: 62, Issue:21
Structure-Activity Relationships of Fish Oil Derivatives with Antiallergic Activity in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID227699Virtual screen for compounds with anticonvulsant activity2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 13, Issue:16
Topological virtual screening: a way to find new anticonvulsant drugs from chemical diversity.
AID1090876Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum fragariae assessed as growth inhibition at 10 ug after 4-5 days by direct bioautography2007Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 55, Issue:26
Phytotoxic Eremophilanes from Ligularia macrophylla.
AID1083128Nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as cumulative percentage of egg hatching at 25 degC at 100 umol/L on day 21 (SDW control = 44.87 +/- 3.93%)2012Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Nov-21, Volume: 60, Issue:46
Potential antagonistic effects of nine natural fatty acids against Meloidogyne incognita.
AID423137Binding affinity to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli 12566 heat-labile enterotoxin assessed as inhibition of heat-labile enterotoxin binding to ganglioside GM1 receptor2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Bile and unsaturated fatty acids inhibit the binding of cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin to GM1 receptor.
AID1083125Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as mortality at 25 degC at 100 umol/L after 12 hr (Rvb = 1.79 to 3.30%)2012Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Nov-21, Volume: 60, Issue:46
Potential antagonistic effects of nine natural fatty acids against Meloidogyne incognita.
AID380183Displacement of [3H]DPCPX from rat adenosine A1 receptor at 10 uM by liquid scintillation counting1999Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Interference of linoleic acid fraction in some receptor binding assays.
AID1083136Nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as cumulative percentage of egg hatching at 25 degC at 1000 umol/L on day 3 (SDW control = 0.57 +/- 0.37%)2012Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Nov-21, Volume: 60, Issue:46
Potential antagonistic effects of nine natural fatty acids against Meloidogyne incognita.
AID1090872Antitermite activity against greater than third-instar stage of Coptotermes formosanus workers/1 soldier in compound-pretreated filter paper assessed as mortality at 0.5% at 26 degC after 13 days (Rvb = 3.8 +/-4.8%)2007Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 55, Issue:26
Phytotoxic Eremophilanes from Ligularia macrophylla.
AID402799Inhibition of amidolytic activity of human recombinant soluble tissue factor/human factor 7a preincubated with tissue factor for 15 mins1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Inhibitory activity of unsaturated fatty acids and anacardic acids toward soluble tissue factor-factor VIIa complex.
AID1083134Nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as cumulative percentage of egg hatching at 25 degC at 100 umol/L on day 7 (SDW control = 12.63 +/- 3.84%)2012Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Nov-21, Volume: 60, Issue:46
Potential antagonistic effects of nine natural fatty acids against Meloidogyne incognita.
AID1090891Phytotoxic activity against Agrostis stolonifera seeds assessed as inhibition of germination at 1 uM at 26 degC measured 12 days post-drug dose2007Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 55, Issue:26
Phytotoxic Eremophilanes from Ligularia macrophylla.
AID1083130Nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as cumulative percentage of egg hatching at 25 degC at 1000 umol/L on day 14 (SDW control = 35.77 +/- 4.48%)2012Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Nov-21, Volume: 60, Issue:46
Potential antagonistic effects of nine natural fatty acids against Meloidogyne incognita.
AID1090887Phytotoxic activity against Lactuca sativa (lettuce) seeds assessed as inhibition of germination at 1 uM at 26 degC measured 7 days post-drug dose2007Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 55, Issue:26
Phytotoxic Eremophilanes from Ligularia macrophylla.
AID1083122Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as mortality at 25 degC at 1000 umol/L after 24 hr Rvb = 1.47 to 2.51%)2012Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Nov-21, Volume: 60, Issue:46
Potential antagonistic effects of nine natural fatty acids against Meloidogyne incognita.
AID1076682Antinociceptive activity in CD-1 mouse assessed as inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing at 10 mg/kg, sc administered 15 mins before acetic acid challenge measured after 20 mins2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-21, Volume: 75Synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of substituted caffeate esters as antinociceptive agents modulating the TREK-1 channel.
AID492140Antioxidant activity assessed as formazan formation induced absorbance changes at 25 ppm at 570 nm at 37 degC for 6 hrs by MTT assay2010Journal of natural products, Jul-23, Volume: 73, Issue:7
An efficient and economical MTT assay for determining the antioxidant activity of plant natural product extracts and pure compounds.
AID380179Displacement of [3H]nitrobenzylthiosine from nucleoside transport protein in calf lung membrane at 1 mM1999Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Interference of linoleic acid fraction in some receptor binding assays.
AID380181Displacement of [3H]naloxone from rat opioid receptor at 0.1 mM1999Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Interference of linoleic acid fraction in some receptor binding assays.
AID1082337Nematicidal activity against Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae assessed as nematode mortality at 0.5% under dark conditions measured 5 to 60 min post dose by stereoscopic microscopy2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-14, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Isolation of nematicidal compounds from Tagetes patula L. yellow flowers: structure-activity relationship studies against cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae.
AID323931Antiviral activity against HCV assessed as inhibition of HCV RNA replication in OR6 cells at 50 uM after 120 hrs by luciferase reporter assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Comprehensive analysis of the effects of ordinary nutrients on hepatitis C virus RNA replication in cell culture.
AID380186Displacement of [3H]DPCPX from rat brain adenosine A1 receptor at 56 uM assessed per mg of protein by saturation analysis1999Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Interference of linoleic acid fraction in some receptor binding assays.
AID402793Inhibition of pig pancreatic trypsin after 15 mins1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Inhibitory activity of unsaturated fatty acids and anacardic acids toward soluble tissue factor-factor VIIa complex.
AID1674108Inhibition of human AKR1C3 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) pLysS cells using S-tetralol as substrate2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20
Overview of AKR1C3: Inhibitor Achievements and Disease Insights.
AID1624319Agonist activity at human FFA1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular Ca2+ flux by Fluo-4 dye based assay relative to linoleic acid2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 03-15, Volume: 29, Issue:6
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel potent FFA1 agonists containing 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine.
AID288713Agonist activity at GPR40 in mouse MIN6 cells assessed as stimulation of 5 mM glucose-mediated insulin secretion at 30 uM2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-14, Volume: 50, Issue:12
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-aryl-3-(4-phenoxy)-propionic acid as a novel series of G protein-coupled receptor 40 agonists.
AID380185Displacement of [3H]nitrobenzylthiosine from nucleoside transport protein in calf lung membrane at 10 uM1999Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Interference of linoleic acid fraction in some receptor binding assays.
AID371573Agonist activity at human GPR40 expressed in CHO cells assessed as calcium flux by FLIPR assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 18, Issue:24
Discovery of diacylphloroglucinols as a new class of GPR40 (FFAR1) agonists.
AID145834Effect on Torpedo nicotinic ACh receptor responses at 0 min determined by measuring percentage of original amplitude2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-24, Volume: 13, Issue:6
The newly synthesized linoleic acid derivative FR236924 induces a long-lasting facilitation of hippocampal neurotransmission by targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID1083126Nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as cumulative percentage of egg hatching at 25 degC at 2000 umol/L on day 21 (SDW control = 44.87 +/- 3.93%)2012Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Nov-21, Volume: 60, Issue:46
Potential antagonistic effects of nine natural fatty acids against Meloidogyne incognita.
AID423130Binding affinity to Vibrio cholerae cholera toxin assessed as decrease in fluorescence intensity by fluorescence emission spectroscopy2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Bile and unsaturated fatty acids inhibit the binding of cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin to GM1 receptor.
AID1082339Nematicidal activity against Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae assessed as nematode mortality at 2% under dark conditions measured 5 to 60 min post dose by stereoscopic microscopy2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-14, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Isolation of nematicidal compounds from Tagetes patula L. yellow flowers: structure-activity relationship studies against cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae.
AID483950Displacement of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene-sulfonic acid from human His-FABP4 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells after 3 mins relative to linoleic acid2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12
Discovery of highly selective inhibitors of human fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) by virtual screening.
AID1090875Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides assessed as growth inhibition at 10 ug after 4-5 days by direct bioautography2007Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 55, Issue:26
Phytotoxic Eremophilanes from Ligularia macrophylla.
AID628060Inhibition of recombinant His-tagged human DNA polymerase lambda using poly(dA)/oligo(dT)18 (A/T = 2/1) and dTTP as the DNA template-primer and nucleotide substrate at 10 uM after 60 mins2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19
Inhibitory effect of novel 5-O-acyl juglones on mammalian DNA polymerase activity, cancer cell growth and inflammatory response.
AID1509163Displacement of 3[H]retinol from human biotinylated RBP4 after overnight incubation by surface plasmon resonance analysis2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-13, Volume: 62, Issue:11
Design, Synthesis, and Preclinical Efficacy of Novel Nonretinoid Antagonists of Retinol-Binding Protein 4 in the Mouse Model of Hepatic Steatosis.
AID402797Inhibition of amidolytic activity of human recombinant soluble tissue factor/human factor 7a preincubated with factor 7a for 15 mins1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Inhibitory activity of unsaturated fatty acids and anacardic acids toward soluble tissue factor-factor VIIa complex.
AID1083121Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as mortality at 25 degC at 2000 umol/L after 12 hr (Rvb = 1.79 to 3.30%)2012Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Nov-21, Volume: 60, Issue:46
Potential antagonistic effects of nine natural fatty acids against Meloidogyne incognita.
AID424805Agonist activity at human PPARgamma ligand binding domain expressed in MEF cells co-transfected with Gal4-responsive luciferase vector assessed as photinus/renilla luciferase activity at 40 uM by transactivation assay relative to control2009Journal of natural products, May-22, Volume: 72, Issue:5
Activation of PPARgamma by metabolites from the flowers of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea).
AID376617Inhibition of aromatase in human placental microsomes by radiometric method2006Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 69, Issue:4
Interference by naturally occurring fatty acids in a noncellular enzyme-based aromatase bioassay.
AID1083127Nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as cumulative percentage of egg hatching at 25 degC at 1000 umol/L on day 21 (SDW control = 44.87 +/- 3.93%)2012Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Nov-21, Volume: 60, Issue:46
Potential antagonistic effects of nine natural fatty acids against Meloidogyne incognita.
AID360927Inhibition of sheep COX2-mediated prostaglandin biosynthesis using [1-14C]arachidonic acid2001Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 64, Issue:6
Cox-2 inhibitory effects of naturally occurring and modified fatty acids.
AID1083137Nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) root-knot nematodes assessed as cumulative percentage of egg hatching at 25 degC at 100 umol/L on day 3 (SDW control = 0.57 +/- 0.37%)2012Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Nov-21, Volume: 60, Issue:46
Potential antagonistic effects of nine natural fatty acids against Meloidogyne incognita.
AID409935Activity of soybean lipoxygenase 12008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 18, Issue:22
Kinetic isotope effects in the oxidation of arachidonic acid by soybean lipoxygenase-1.
AID380178Displacement of [3H]naloxone from rat opioid receptor at 1 mM1999Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Interference of linoleic acid fraction in some receptor binding assays.
AID1083131Nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as cumulative percentage of egg hatching at 25 degC at 100 umol/L on day 14 (SDW control = 35.77 +/- 4.48%)2012Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Nov-21, Volume: 60, Issue:46
Potential antagonistic effects of nine natural fatty acids against Meloidogyne incognita.
AID1082349Nematicidal activity against Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae assessed as nematode mortality at 0.125% under dark conditions measured 24 hr post dose by stereoscopic microscopy2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-14, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Isolation of nematicidal compounds from Tagetes patula L. yellow flowers: structure-activity relationship studies against cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae.
AID403341Inhibition of COX12005Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7
Expanding the ChemGPS chemical space with natural products.
AID1083133Nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as cumulative percentage of egg hatching at 25 degC at 1000 umol/L on day 7 (SDW control = 12.63 +/- 3.84%)2012Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Nov-21, Volume: 60, Issue:46
Potential antagonistic effects of nine natural fatty acids against Meloidogyne incognita.
AID1178768Agonist activity at human FFA4 receptor expressed in U2OS cells assessed as calcium mobilization after 24 hrs by FLIPR2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 24, Issue:14
Identification of diarylsulfonamides as agonists of the free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4/GPR120).
AID1082350Nematicidal activity against Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae assessed as nematode mortality at 0.25% under dark conditions measured 24 hr post dose by stereoscopic microscopy2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-14, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Isolation of nematicidal compounds from Tagetes patula L. yellow flowers: structure-activity relationship studies against cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae.
AID423127Blockade of anti-CT antibody binding site of Vibrio cholerae cholera toxin preincubated for 15 mins before addition of anti-CT immunoglobulin G by immunoprecipitation-based SDS-PAGE2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Bile and unsaturated fatty acids inhibit the binding of cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin to GM1 receptor.
AID1082357Nematicidal activity against Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae assessed as nematode mortality at 0.125% under light conditions measured 24 hr post dose by stereoscopic microscopy2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-14, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Isolation of nematicidal compounds from Tagetes patula L. yellow flowers: structure-activity relationship studies against cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae.
AID1090871Antitermite activity against greater than third-instar stage of Coptotermes formosanus workers/1 soldier in compound-pretreated filter paper assessed as mortality at 0.5% at 26 degC after 21 days (Rvb = 3.8 +/-4.8%)2007Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 55, Issue:26
Phytotoxic Eremophilanes from Ligularia macrophylla.
AID423129Binding affinity to Vibrio cholerae cholera toxin assessed as apparent isoelectric point at 100 mM by isoelectric focusing analysis (isoelectric point Rvb=6.8)2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Bile and unsaturated fatty acids inhibit the binding of cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin to GM1 receptor.
AID455079Mixed-type inhibition of soybean LO12009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 17, Issue:18
Substrate specificity effects of lipoxygenase products and inhibitors on soybean lipoxygenase-1.
AID1090874Antitermite activity against greater than third-instar stage of Coptotermes formosanus workers/1 soldier in compound-pretreated filter paper assessed as mortality at 0.5% at 26 degC after 1 day (Rvb = 0%)2007Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 55, Issue:26
Phytotoxic Eremophilanes from Ligularia macrophylla.
AID1178769Agonist activity at human FFA4 receptor expressed in U2OS cells assessed as maximal calcium mobilization after 24 hrs by FLIPR relative to GSK137647A2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 24, Issue:14
Identification of diarylsulfonamides as agonists of the free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4/GPR120).
AID1885200Binding affinity towards Nurr1 ligand binding domain (unknown origin) measured by tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-28, Volume: 65, Issue:14
Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Nurr1 Modulators: An Emerging Strategy in Neurodegeneration.
AID1090888Phytotoxic activity against Lactuca sativa (lettuce) seeds assessed as inhibition of germination at 1000 uM at 26 degC measured 7 days post-drug dose2007Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 55, Issue:26
Phytotoxic Eremophilanes from Ligularia macrophylla.
AID145835Effect on Torpedo nicotinic ACh receptor responses at 10 min determined by measuring percentage of original amplitude2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-24, Volume: 13, Issue:6
The newly synthesized linoleic acid derivative FR236924 induces a long-lasting facilitation of hippocampal neurotransmission by targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
AID1082335Nematicidal activity against Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae assessed as nematode mortality at 0.125% under dark conditions measured 5 to 60 min post dose by stereoscopic microscopy2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-14, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Isolation of nematicidal compounds from Tagetes patula L. yellow flowers: structure-activity relationship studies against cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae.
AID1192388Inhibition of FABP4 (unknown origin) at 100 uM2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 90Novel fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) inhibitors: virtual screening, synthesis and crystal structure determination.
AID1082338Nematicidal activity against Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae assessed as nematode mortality at 1% under dark conditions measured 5 to 60 min post dose by stereoscopic microscopy2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-14, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Isolation of nematicidal compounds from Tagetes patula L. yellow flowers: structure-activity relationship studies against cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae.
AID1090890Phytotoxic activity against Lactuca sativa (lettuce) seeds assessed as inhibition of germination at 10 uM at 26 degC measured 7 days post-drug dose2007Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 55, Issue:26
Phytotoxic Eremophilanes from Ligularia macrophylla.
AID1082358Nematicidal activity against Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae assessed as nematode mortality at 0.25% under light conditions measured 24 hr post dose by stereoscopic microscopy2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-14, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Isolation of nematicidal compounds from Tagetes patula L. yellow flowers: structure-activity relationship studies against cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae.
AID1082343Nematicidal activity against Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae assessed as nematode mortality at 0.5% under light conditions measured 5 to 60 min post dose by stereoscopic microscopy2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-14, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Isolation of nematicidal compounds from Tagetes patula L. yellow flowers: structure-activity relationship studies against cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae.
AID1312065Displacement of 1,8-ANS from His6-tagged FABP4 (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells by fluorescence assay2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18
The discovery of novel and selective fatty acid binding protein 4 inhibitors by virtual screening and biological evaluation.
AID1082352Nematicidal activity against Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae assessed as nematode mortality at 1% under dark conditions measured 24 hr post dose by stereoscopic microscopy2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-14, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Isolation of nematicidal compounds from Tagetes patula L. yellow flowers: structure-activity relationship studies against cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae.
AID658578Inhibition of Multidrug resistance efflux pump in Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2 155 assessed as modulation of EtBr-mediated antibacterial activity measuring ratio of EtBr MIC to EtBr and compound MIC at 2 mg/L after 72 hrs by MTT assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 20, Issue:8
Compounds of Alpinia katsumadai as potential efflux inhibitors in Mycobacterium smegmatis.
AID323925Antiviral activity against HCV assessed as suppression of HCV RNA replication in ORN/3-5B/KE/poly cells after 72 hrs by luciferase reporter assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Comprehensive analysis of the effects of ordinary nutrients on hepatitis C virus RNA replication in cell culture.
AID1674107Inhibition of human AKR1C3 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) pLysS cells using 9,10-phenanthrenequinone as substrate2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20
Overview of AKR1C3: Inhibitor Achievements and Disease Insights.
AID1082345Nematicidal activity against Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae assessed as nematode mortality at 2% under light conditions measured 5 to 60 min post dose by stereoscopic microscopy2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-14, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Isolation of nematicidal compounds from Tagetes patula L. yellow flowers: structure-activity relationship studies against cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae.
AID1090893Phytotoxic activity against Agrostis stolonifera seeds assessed as inhibition of germination at 100 uM at 26 degC measured 12 days post-drug dose2007Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec-26, Volume: 55, Issue:26
Phytotoxic Eremophilanes from Ligularia macrophylla.
AID483953Displacement of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene-sulfonic acid from human FABP4 F16A mutant expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells at 700 uM after 3 mins2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12
Discovery of highly selective inhibitors of human fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) by virtual screening.
AID630402Inhibition of GST-tagged human HePTP using pNpp as substrate after 30 mins2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 21, Issue:22
Fatty acids as natural specific inhibitors of the proto-oncogenic protein Shp2.
AID1083129Nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as cumulative percentage of egg hatching at 25 degC at 2000 umol/L on day 14 (SDW control = 35.77 +/- 4.48%)2012Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Nov-21, Volume: 60, Issue:46
Potential antagonistic effects of nine natural fatty acids against Meloidogyne incognita.
AID1192392Selectivity ratio of IC50 for FABP3 (unknown origin) to IC50 for FABP4 (unknown origin)2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 90Novel fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) inhibitors: virtual screening, synthesis and crystal structure determination.
AID627880Inhibition of recombinant His-tagged human DNA polymerase lambda using bovine deoxyribonuclease 1-treated DNA and dNTP as the DNA template-primer and nucleotide substrate at 10 uM after 60 mins2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19
Inhibitory effect of novel 5-O-acyl juglones on mammalian DNA polymerase activity, cancer cell growth and inflammatory response.
AID3081Ratio of proximal to distal region oxidation by 1-lipoxygenase isolated from soybean; Ratio of proximal and distal was 97:31999Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-04, Volume: 9, Issue:1
New minimal substrate structural requirements in the enzymatic peroxidation of alkenes with soybean lipoxygenase.
AID241602Inhibitory activity against human Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 12004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-16, Volume: 14, Issue:16
Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitory activities of fatty acid amides isolated from Mylabris phalerate Pallas.
AID627874Inhibition of calf DNA polymerase alpha using poly(dA)/oligo(dT)18 (A/T = 2/1) and dTTP as the DNA template-primer and nucleotide substrate at 10 uM after 60 mins2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 19, Issue:19
Inhibitory effect of novel 5-O-acyl juglones on mammalian DNA polymerase activity, cancer cell growth and inflammatory response.
AID1418782Agonist activity at human GPR40 expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium flux after 10 mins by fluorescence assay2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 12-01, Volume: 26, Issue:22
Design and optimization of 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine propanoic acids as novel GPR40 agonists with improved pharmacokinetic and safety profiles.
AID323922Antiviral activity against HCV assessed as inhibition of HCV RNA replication in OR6 cells after 72 hrs by luciferase reporter assay2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Comprehensive analysis of the effects of ordinary nutrients on hepatitis C virus RNA replication in cell culture.
AID1312066Binding affinity to His6-tagged FABP4 (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells assessed as change in melting temperature at 50 uM after 30 mins by SYPRO orange dye based thermal stability shift assay2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18
The discovery of novel and selective fatty acid binding protein 4 inhibitors by virtual screening and biological evaluation.
AID380182Displacement of [3H]nitrobenzylthiosine from nucleoside transport protein in calf lung membrane at 0.1 mM1999Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Interference of linoleic acid fraction in some receptor binding assays.
AID1083123Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as mortality at 25 degC at 1000 umol/L after 12 hr (Rvb = 1.79 to 3.30%)2012Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Nov-21, Volume: 60, Issue:46
Potential antagonistic effects of nine natural fatty acids against Meloidogyne incognita.
AID380176Displacement of [3H]DPCPX from rat adenosine A1 receptor by liquid scintillation counting1999Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Interference of linoleic acid fraction in some receptor binding assays.
AID1229245Induction of somatostatin (ss-14) secretion in human pancreatic islets at 100 uM incubated for 60 mins in presence of 2 mM and 16 mM glucose2015ACS medicinal chemistry letters, May-14, Volume: 6, Issue:5
Discovery of MK-1421, a Potent, Selective sstr3 Antagonist, as a Development Candidate for Type 2 Diabetes.
AID483955Selectivity ratio of IC50 for human FABP4 F126A mutant to IC50 for human wild type FABP42010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12
Discovery of highly selective inhibitors of human fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) by virtual screening.
AID1058850Critical micelle concentration of the compound in 0.1 M sodiumborate buffer at pH 10 at 23 degC2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 21, Issue:24
Discovery of a novel activator of 5-lipoxygenase from an anacardic acid derived compound collection.
AID1082336Nematicidal activity against Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae assessed as nematode mortality at 0.25% under dark conditions measured 5 to 60 min post dose by stereoscopic microscopy2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-14, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Isolation of nematicidal compounds from Tagetes patula L. yellow flowers: structure-activity relationship studies against cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae.
AID376615Inhibition of aromatase in human placental microsomes at 20 ug/ml by radiometric method relative to control2006Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 69, Issue:4
Interference by naturally occurring fatty acids in a noncellular enzyme-based aromatase bioassay.
AID371570Agonist activity at GPR402008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 18, Issue:24
Discovery of diacylphloroglucinols as a new class of GPR40 (FFAR1) agonists.
AID1082360Nematicidal activity against Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae assessed as nematode mortality at 1% under light conditions measured 24 hr post dose by stereoscopic microscopy2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-14, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Isolation of nematicidal compounds from Tagetes patula L. yellow flowers: structure-activity relationship studies against cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae.
AID1082340Nematicidal activity against Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae assessed as nematode mortality at 5% under dark conditions measured 5 to 60 min post dose by stereoscopic microscopy2011Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-14, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Isolation of nematicidal compounds from Tagetes patula L. yellow flowers: structure-activity relationship studies against cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infective stage larvae.
AID1192389Inhibition of FABP4 (unknown origin)2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 90Novel fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) inhibitors: virtual screening, synthesis and crystal structure determination.
AID380184Displacement of [3H]naloxone from rat opioid receptor at 10 uM1999Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Interference of linoleic acid fraction in some receptor binding assays.
AID380177Displacement of [3H]DPCPX from rat adenosine A1 receptor at 1 mM by liquid scintillation counting1999Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 62, Issue:6
Interference of linoleic acid fraction in some receptor binding assays.
AID360928Inhibition of bovine COX1-mediated prostaglandin biosynthesis using [1-14C]arachidonic acid2001Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 64, Issue:6
Cox-2 inhibitory effects of naturally occurring and modified fatty acids.
AID658579Inhibition of Multidrug resistance efflux pump in Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2 155 assessed as modulation of isoniazid-mediated antibacterial activity measuring ratio of isoniazid MIC to isoniazid and compound MIC at 2 mg/L after 72 hrs by MTT assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 20, Issue:8
Compounds of Alpinia katsumadai as potential efflux inhibitors in Mycobacterium smegmatis.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1802832Ligand Binding Assay from Article 10.1074/jbc.M113.514646: \\Structural basis for ligand regulation of the fatty acid-binding protein 5, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor u00DF/d (FABP5-PPARu00DF/d) signaling pathway.\\2014The Journal of biological chemistry, May-23, Volume: 289, Issue:21
Structural basis for ligand regulation of the fatty acid-binding protein 5, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (FABP5-PPARβ/δ) signaling pathway.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (6,609)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19901139 (17.23)18.7374
1990's1398 (21.15)18.2507
2000's1890 (28.60)29.6817
2010's1595 (24.13)24.3611
2020's587 (8.88)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 79.64

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index79.64 (24.57)
Research Supply Index8.88 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.65 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index222.86 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index3.03 (0.95)

This Compound (79.64)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials314 (4.57%)5.53%
Reviews335 (4.87%)6.00%
Case Studies23 (0.33%)4.05%
Observational11 (0.16%)0.25%
Other6,195 (90.07%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
dinitrochlorobenzene
Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.		2.4220C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes		allergen;
epitope;
sensitiser
protocatechuic acid
protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.		3.1450catechols;
dihydroxybenzoic acid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
3-chloroalanine
3-chloroalanine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-chloroalanine : A chloroalanine obtained by replacement of one of the methyl hydrogens of alanine by a chloro group.		1.9810chloroalanine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound
acetoacetic acid
acetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent.		2.37203-oxo fatty acid;
ketone body		metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		3.360amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde
[no description available]		1.9610hydroxybenzaldehydeEC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid
4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.		2.9340monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
plant metabolite
aminolevulinic acid
Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.		2.41104-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid		antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.		2.610hydroxytryptophanhuman metabolite;
neurotransmitter
ethylene glycol
Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.		2.6930ethanediol;
glycol		metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
solvent;
toxin
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		8.8110monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.		3.1150aldehydecarcinogenic agent;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
electron acceptor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
teratogenic agent
acetone
methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).		4.12150ketone body;
methyl ketone;
propanones;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
adenine
[no description available]		3.09506-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
adipic acid
adipic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,4-dicarboxy derivative of butane.		1.9410alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		food acidity regulator;
human xenobiotic metabolite
agmatine
Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.		1.9710guanidines;
primary amino compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ammonium hydroxide
azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.		2.4320azane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
nucleophilic reagent;
refrigerant
quinacrine
Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.		2.3920acridines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine
[no description available]		1.9810amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid		agonist;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
inhibitor;
neurotransmitter
benzaldehyde
[no description available]		2.4920benzaldehydesEC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
fragrance;
odorant receptor agonist;
plant metabolite
benzene
[no description available]		2.4720aromatic annulene;
benzenes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
non-polar solvent
benzoic acid
Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.		2.4920benzoic acidsalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
benzyl alcohol
Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.		6.9610benzyl alcoholsantioxidant;
fragrance;
metabolite;
solvent
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		2.4120amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
1-butanol
1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.		3.1850alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
butyric acid
Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.		9.3860fatty acid 4:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		human urinary metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
carbamates
[no description available]		2.4320amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.		2.0310carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent
formic acid
formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.		2.4420monocarboxylic acidantibacterial agent;
astringent;
metabolite;
protic solvent;
solvent
carnitine
[no description available]		9.89110amino-acid betainehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
catechol
[no description available]		3.7630catecholsallelochemical;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		10.11101alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
choline
[no description available]		8.68100cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		3.6890tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		2.8940halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.		2.0110chlorine molecular entity;
gas molecular entity;
hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		mouse metabolite
2-cresol
2-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-cresol : A cresol that is phenol substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene.		1.9610cresolhuman xenobiotic metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		5.12101monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
3-methylcatechol
3-methylbenzene-1,2-diol: structure in first source. dihydroxytoluene : Any hydroxytoluene that has two hydroxy substituents. 3-methylcatechol : A methylcatechol carrying a methyl substituent at position 3. It is a xenobiotic metabolite produced by some bacteria capable of degrading nitroaromatic compounds present in pesticide-contaminated soil samples.		2.0510methylcatecholbacterial xenobiotic metabolite
3-cresol
3-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. m-cresol : A cresol with the methyl substituent at position 3. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene.		1.9610cresolhuman xenobiotic metabolite
octane
Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms.		7.420alkanexenobiotic
phloroglucinol
Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.		2.7530benzenetriol;
phenolic donor		algal metabolite
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		5.64170trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
octanoic acid
octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.		5.28200medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
4-aminophenol
4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.		1.9610aminophenolallergen;
metabolite
dihydrolipoic acid
dihydrolipoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. dihydrolipoic acid : A thio-fatty acid that is reduced form of lipoic acid. A potent antioxidant shown to directly destroy superoxide, hydroperoxy and hydroxyl radicals; also has neuroprotective and anti-tumour effects.. dihydrolipoate : The conjugate base of dihydrolipoic acid.		2.0110thio-fatty acidantioxidant;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
3-hydroxybutyric acid
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.		10.94120(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid;
3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		human metabolite
guaiacol
Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.		7.4120guaiacolsdisinfectant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
expectorant;
plant metabolite
methylmalonic acid
Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.. methylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.		7.3820C4-dicarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid
oxoproline : A pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid consisting of proline bearing a single oxo substituent.		2.0110oxoproline;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		human metabolite
malic acid
malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.		2.77302-hydroxydicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.		2.0610catechols;
dihydroxyphenylacetic acid		human metabolite
fosmidomycin
fosmidomycin: from Streptomyces lavendulae; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in second source. fosmidomycin : Propylphosphonic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a formyl(hydroxy)amino group. An antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lavendulae, it specifically inhibits DXP reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267), a key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis.		2.0110hydroxamic acid;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.267 (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase) inhibitor
creatine
[no description available]		5.7740glycine derivative;
guanidines;
zwitterion		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		7.11502-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
diacetyl
butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.		2.0210alpha-diketoneEscherichia coli metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		3.6290sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
ethanolamine
[no description available]		7.8840ethanolamines;
primary alcohol;
primary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		2.6830aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		3.3260alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		8.22393alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
alpha-glycerophosphoric acid
[no description available]		2.6630glycerol monophosphatealgal metabolite;
human metabolite
glycolic acid
glycolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glycolic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.		4.45112-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
primary alcohol		keratolytic drug;
metabolite
hydrogen carbonate
Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.		2.3520carbon oxoanioncofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine
[no description available]		4.2841aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
thiocyanic acid
thiocyanic acid : A hydracid that is cyanic acid in which the oxygen is replaced by a sulfur atom.		2.4120hydracid;
one-carbon compound;
organosulfur compound		Escherichia coli metabolite
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.		4.48220elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity		antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite
hydroquinone
[no description available]		2.0810benzenediol;
hydroquinones		antioxidant;
carcinogenic agent;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
skin lightening agent
imidazole
imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.		2.0110imidazole
indole
[no description available]		2.7930indole;
polycyclic heteroarene		Escherichia coli metabolite
indoleacetic acid
indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.		5.2641indole-3-acetic acids;
monocarboxylic acid		auxin;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
iodine
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..		3.2760diatomic iodinenutrient
dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.		2.3920hydroxyphenylalanine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine derivative		human metabolite
kynurenine
Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.		3.7620aromatic ketone;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
substituted aniline		human metabolite
pipecolic acid
pipecolic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pipecolic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position C-2.. pipecolate : A piperidinecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of pipecolic acid.		2.0110piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
lipoamide
Lipozyme: lipase from Rhizomucor miehei immobilized on anion exchange resin		2.8630dithiolanes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thioctic acid
Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.		2.9440dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
thia fatty acid		fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		4.92350alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phytic acid
Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.		2.9940inositol phosphate
inositol
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.		2.8940cyclitol;
hexol
melatonin
[no description available]		6.67180acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
croton oil
[no description available]		2.0710N-acyl-hexosamine
acetanilide
acetanilide: a phenylacetamide; use ACETANILIDES for the plural group meaning of the singular term. N-phenylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.0110acetamides;
anilide		analgesic
naphthalene
[no description available]		2.0310naphthalenes;
ortho-fused bicyclic arene		apoptosis inhibitor;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
nickel
Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.		3.1750metal allergen;
nickel group element atom		epitope;
micronutrient
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		5.0652pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
niacin
Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.		3.68100pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
nitrates
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.		3.1550monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species
nitroxyl
nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.		2.7230nitrogen oxoacid
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		3.1350monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite
hydroxide ion
[no description available]		2.4320oxygen hydridemouse metabolite
orotic acid
Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.		2.3720pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
oxaloacetic acid
Oxaloacetic Acid: A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.. oxaloacetic acid : An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group.		2.0710C4-dicarboxylic acid;
oxo dicarboxylic acid		geroprotector;
metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid
4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.		1.9310aminobenzoic acid;
aromatic amino-acid zwitterion		allergen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-nitrophenol
4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.		1.96104-nitrophenolshuman xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
palmitic acid
Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.		13.7951614long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
pentachlorophenol
PENTA: structure given in first source		1.9610aromatic fungicide;
chlorophenol;
organochlorine pesticide;
pentachlorobenzenes		human xenobiotic metabolite
phenanthrene
phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'		2.4120ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon;
phenanthrenes		environmental contaminant;
mouse metabolite
phenol
[no description available]		3.91120phenolsantiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenylpyruvic acid
phenylpyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenylpyruvate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from deprotonation of the carboxy group of either keto- or enol-phenylpyruvic acid.. keto-phenylpyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 3-phenylpropanoic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in the phenylalanine pathway.		2.31102-oxo monocarboxylic acidchromogenic compound;
EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
phenylacetaldehyde
[no description available]		2.4720alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde;
phenylacetaldehydes		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phenethylamine
phenethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7016. 2-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position.		2.1710alkaloid;
aralkylamine;
phenylethylamine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phosphorylcholine
Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.		2.7130phosphocholinesallergen;
epitope;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pqq cofactor
PQQ Cofactor: A pyrrolo-quinoline having two adjacent keto-groups at the 4 and 5 positions and three acidic carboxyl groups. It is a coenzyme of some DEHYDROGENASES.. pyrroloquinoline quinone : A pyrroloquinoline having oxo groups at the 4- and 5-positions and carboxy groups at the 2-, 7- and 9-positions.		3.0810orthoquinones;
pyrroloquinoline cofactor;
tricarboxylic acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
water-soluble vitamin (role)
propylene glycol
Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.		2.7230glycol;
propane-1,2-diols		allergen;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
1-propanol
1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.		1.9610propan-1-ols;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		metabolite;
protic solvent
propionic acid
propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.		4.5251saturated fatty acid;
short-chain fatty acid		antifungal drug
pteridines
[no description available]		1.9810azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
pteridines
purine
1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.		1.9910purine
putrescine
[no description available]		1.9610alkane-alpha,omega-diamineantioxidant;
fundamental metabolite
pyridine
azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.		2.7330azaarene;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
pyridines		environmental contaminant;
NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.		4.6721methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6 phosphate		coenzyme;
cofactor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine
[no description available]		2.0110aminoalkylpyridine;
hydroxymethylpyridine;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
iron chelator;
mouse metabolite;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).		3.3470hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyrogallol
benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.		2.9340benzenetriol;
phenolic donor		plant metabolite
pyruvic acid
Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.		2.9402-oxo monocarboxylic acidcofactor;
fundamental metabolite
quinolinic acid
Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.		7.7130pyridinedicarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
dithionite
Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts.		2.4220sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion
sarcosine
cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis		2.4120N-alkylglycine zwitterion;
N-alkylglycine;
N-methyl-amino acid;
N-methylglycines		Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
glycine transporter 1 inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
selenious acid
Selenious Acid: A selenium compound with the molecular formula H2SO3. It used as a source of SELENIUM, especially for patients that develop selenium deficiency following prolonged PARENTERAL NUTRITION.		1.9610selenium oxoacid
sulfites
Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).		2.730divalent inorganic anion;
sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion
spermidine
[no description available]		2.4120polyazaalkane;
triamine		autophagy inducer;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
succinic acid
Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		3.1750alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		anti-ulcer drug;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
radiation protective agent
sulfuric acid
sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.		2.0410sulfur oxoacidcatalyst
taurine
[no description available]		3.1450amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine
thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.		8.0650primary alcohol;
vitamin B1		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymine
[no description available]		2.4220pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
toluene
methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.		210methylbenzene;
toluenes;
volatile organic compound		cholinergic antagonist;
fuel additive;
neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		1.9310pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		3.2460uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		3.2560isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin
Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).		2.4820benzaldehydes;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
flavouring agent;
plant metabolite
xanthine
7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.		2.6730xanthineSaccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate
2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.		2.0210non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidNMDA receptor antagonist
menthol
Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.		2.4420p-menthane monoterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		volatile oil component
1,10-phenanthroline
1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases		1.9610phenanthrolineEC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1,2-dimethylhydrazine
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine: A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals.. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine : A member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine in which one of the hydrogens attached to each nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group. A powerful DNA alkylating agent and carcinogen, it is used to induce colon cancer in laboratory rats and mice.		2.4120hydrazinesalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent
1,2-dioctanoylglycerol
1,2-dioctanoylglycerol: functions as bioregulator of protein kinase C in human platelets		2.3920
1-aminobenzotriazole
[no description available]		210
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		6.86621aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.		2.0610methylpyridines;
phenylpyridine;
tetrahydropyridine		neurotoxin
edelfosine
edelfosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. edelfosine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-edelfosine.. 1-octadecyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphocholine : A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine substituted at positions 1 and 2 by octadecyl and methyl groups respectively.		1.9910glycerophosphocholine
gw 2433
GW 2433: binds peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha); structure in first source		210
2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine
2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine: mutagen from fried ground beef; structure given in first source. PhIP : An imidazopyridine that is 1H--imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 6 by methyl, amino, and phenyl groups, respectively. It is the most abundant of the mutagenic heterocyclic amines found in cooked meat and fish.		3.71100imidazopyridine;
primary amino compound		carcinogenic agent;
mutagen
mercaptoethanol
Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.		2.0110alkanethiol;
primary alcohol		geroprotector
pyrithione
pyrithione: split from cephalosporin molecule; some metal complexes of this have fumarate reductase inhibitory activity and may be useful against trypanosomes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pyrithione : A pyridinethione that is pyridine-2(1H)-thione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is a Zn(2+) ionophore; the zinc salt is used as an antifungal and antibacterial agent.		2.610monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinethione		ionophore
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate: is a novel membrane-penetrable modulator and transient receptor potential channel blocker; structure in first source; do not confuse with 2-APB cpd. 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane : An organoboron compound that is diphenylborane in which the borane hydrogen is replaced by a 2-aminoethoxy group.		2.0310organoboron compound;
primary amino compound		calcium channel blocker;
IP3 receptor antagonist;
potassium channel opener
aminopropionitrile
Aminopropionitrile: Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid.		3.0710aminopropionitrileantineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
collagen cross-linking inhibitor;
plant metabolite
3-methylcholanthrene
Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.		2.4220ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenearyl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent
4-aminobenzamidine
4-aminobenzamidine: a urokinase inhibitor; inhibits acrosin; structure given in first source		1.9910
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation.		2.73301-pyrroline nitronesneuroprotective agent;
spin trapping reagent
phenytoin
[no description available]		7.6830imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid
5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid: A 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid containing 4 alkyne bonds. It inhibits the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins E(2) and F(2a).		3.5990long-chain fatty acid
6-methoxytryptoline
6-methoxytryptoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0210
7,8-dihydroxyflavone
7,8-dihydroxyflavone : A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8. A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8. A naturally occurring flavonoid produced by several plants, including the weed Tridax procumbens (coalbuttons or tridax daisy) and the tree Godmania aesculifolia, In animal models, it has shown efficacy against several diseases of the nervous system, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's.		2.0510dihydroxyflavoneantidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
oxyquinoline
Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.		2.0510monohydroxyquinolineantibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug;
iron chelator
aa 861
2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone: structure given in first source. docebenone : A member of the class of benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens are substituted by three methyl groups and a 12-hydroxydodeca-5,10-diyn-1-yl group.		2.7301,4-benzoquinones;
acetylenic compound;
primary alcohol		EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane): water-soluble free-radical initiator		4.75300monoazo compound
salophen
salophen: structure given in first source		2.0110carbonyl compound
acetohexamide
Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.		2.2510acetophenones;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
Acetylpheneturide
[no description available]		2.0110organic molecular entity
4-(acetylamino)benzeneacetic acid
[no description available]		2.0410acetamides;
anilide
adrenic acid
adrenic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.9240docosatetraenoic acidmouse metabolite
albendazole
[no description available]		2.0110aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		anthelminthic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
tocopheroxy radical
tocopheroxy radical: RN given refers to radical ion (1+), (2R-(2R*(4R*,8R*)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 12/90		2.0210tocopherol
alprazolam
Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.		2.1510organochlorine compound;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
am 251
AM 251: an analog of SR141716A; structure given in first source. AM-251 : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.		2.0810amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
organoiodine compound;
pyrazoles		antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
CB1 receptor antagonist
ambroxol
Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.		1.9810aromatic amine
ametantrone
ametantrone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9610
aminoglutethimide
Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.		2.0310dicarboximide;
piperidones;
substituted aniline		adrenergic agent;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine
pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.		2.110guanidines;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid
p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.		1.9710N-acylglycineDaphnia magna metabolite
4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid
4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid comprising 4-aminobutyric acid having a 2-hydroxy substituent.		2.01103-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid
theophylline
[no description available]		8.3670dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
amitriptyline
Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.		8.8730carbotricyclic compound;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
amlexanox
amlexanox: SRA-A antagonist;structure given in first source. amlexanox : A pyridochromene-derived monocarboxylic acid having an amino substituent at the 2-position, an oxo substituent at the 5-position and an isopropyl substituent at the 7-position.		2.0110monocarboxylic acid;
pyridochromene		anti-allergic agent;
anti-ulcer drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
amlodipine
Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.		2.0110dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
amodiaquine
Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.		3.5110aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
anethole trithione
Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.		1.9810methoxybenzenes
9-anthroic acid
9-anthroic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; chloride channel blocker; do not confuse with c-ANCA (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) which is frequently abbreviated as ANCA. 9-anthroic acid : An anthroic acid carrying the carboxy substituent at position 9.		1.9810anthroic acid
arecoline
Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.		2.0110enoate ester;
methyl ester;
pyridine alkaloid;
tetrahydropyridine		metabolite;
muscarinic agonist
aristolochic acid i
aristolochic acid I: phospholipase A inhibitor. aristolochic acid A : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.		2.0110aristolochic acids;
aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
cyclic acetal;
monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mutagen;
nephrotoxin;
toxin
arotinolol
arotinolol: structure given in first source; arotinolol is the (+-)-isomer		2.0110aromatic amide;
thiophenes
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		8.81202benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
atenolol
Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.		2.0110ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
sympatholytic agent;
xenobiotic
atrazine
[no description available]		2.0310chloro-1,3,5-triazine;
diamino-1,3,5-triazine		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
aurintricarboxylic acid
Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.. aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.		1.9910monohydroxybenzoic acid;
quinomethanes;
tricarboxylic acid		fluorochrome;
histological dye;
insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
azelaic acid
nonanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups.		8.8521alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
plant metabolite
2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane
2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane: structure		2.4220diarylmethane
bay-k-8644
3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.		1.9710(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.		8.4980ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenecarcinogenic agent;
mouse metabolite
benzocaine
Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.		2.0110benzoate ester;
substituted aniline		allergen;
antipruritic drug;
sensitiser;
topical anaesthetic
benzyl benzoate
benzyl benzoate: structure; acarosan, a moist powder composed of wetted cellulose and benzyl benzoate, is used on carpets as an acaricide. benzyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia.		2.0210benzoate ester;
benzyl ester		acaricide;
plant metabolite;
scabicide
bepridil
Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.		4.4850pyrrolidines;
tertiary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
berberine
[no description available]		3.3510alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone
2,5-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol : A member of the class of hydroquinones that is benzene-1,4-diol substituted by tert-butyl groups at position 2 and 5.		1.9910hydroquinones
biperiden
Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.		2.0110piperidines;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to sarin poisoning;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
bisbenzimidazole
Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.		2.0410bibenzimidazole;
N-methylpiperazine		anthelminthic drug;
fluorochrome
bisindolylmaleimide i
bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide		2.7230
bupivacaine
Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.		7.7830aromatic amide;
piperidinecarboxamide;
tertiary amino compound
caffeine
[no description available]		2.7130purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		3.3870aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
camostat
camostat : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.		1.9910benzoate ester;
carboxylic ester;
diester;
guanidines;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifibrinolytic drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
serine protease inhibitor
cannabinol
Cannabinol: A physiologically inactive constituent of Cannabis sativa L.		2.0110dibenzopyran
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.		2.6830dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic
carbetapentane
carbetapentane: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0110benzenes
carbofuran
Carbofuran: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.06101-benzofurans;
carbamate ester		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nematicide
carcinine
carcinine: structure. carcinine : A beta-alanine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of beta-alanine with the primary amino group of histamine.		1.9810beta-alanine derivative;
imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound		antioxidant;
crustacean metabolite
carprofen
carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.		1.9910carbazoles;
organochlorine compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
photosensitizing agent
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone
Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.		2.0710hydrazone;
monochlorobenzenes;
nitrile		antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
ionophore
cetyltrimethylammonium ion
Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.		2.9240quaternary ammonium ion
cetyl alcohol
cetyl alcohol: has been used for eczema, skin irritations; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hexadecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of sixteen carbon atoms.. hexadecan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is hexadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.		2.520hexadecanol;
long-chain primary fatty alcohol		algal metabolite;
flavouring agent;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		3.8230aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.		1.9310benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		2.6930organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
ciglitazone
ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.		3.360aromatic ether;
thiazolidinone		antineoplastic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug
eucalyptol
[no description available]		2.4620
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		2.4920aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
clobazam
Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.		2.01101,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clofibrate
angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate		3.5180aromatic ether;
ethyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
clofibric acid
Clofibric Acid: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.. clofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid substituted at position 2 by a p-chlorophenoxy group. It is a metabolite of the drug clofibrate.		2.6630aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
herbicide;
marine xenobiotic metabolite;
PPARalpha agonist
clonazepam
Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.		2.01101,4-benzodiazepinone;
monochlorobenzenes		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		6.9610clonidine;
imidazoline
4-cresol
4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals.		1.9610cresolEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
uremic toxin
cycloleucine
Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.		2.0110non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidEC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cyclothiazide
cyclothiazide: inhibits the desensitization of AMPA-type receptors; structure. cyclothiazide : 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted at positions 3, 5 and 6 by a 2-norbornen-5-yl group, chlorine, and a sulfonamide group, respectively. A thiazide diuretic, it has been used in the management of hypertension and oedema.		2.0110benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
dantrolene
Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia.		210hydrazone;
imidazolidine-2,4-dione		muscle relaxant;
neuroprotective agent;
ryanodine receptor antagonist
decanoic acid
decanoate : A fatty acid anion 10:0 that is the conjugate base of decanoic acid.. decanoic acid : A C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.		3.96130medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
deferiprone
Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.		2.66204-pyridonesiron chelator;
protective agent
deferoxamine
Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.		4.0150acyclic desferrioxaminebacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator;
siderophore
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		2.71301,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		2.0310amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ddt
1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source		3.9810benzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		2.6730pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
dimethadione
Dimethadione: An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of TRIMETHADIONE.		2.0110oxazolidinone
benzophenone
benzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.		7.4120benzophenonesphotosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		1.9810piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		2.9240branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
ebselen
ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.		1.9910benzoselenazoleanti-inflammatory drug;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor;
enzyme mimic;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
genotoxin;
hepatoprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
econazole
Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.		2.0610dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
eicosa-11,14-dienoic acid
eicosa-11,14-dienoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		2.9640long-chain fatty acid
embelin
embelin: from Embelia fruit (Myrsinaceae). embelin : A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease.		2.1310dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinonesantimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
plant metabolite
emodin
Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.		2.0110trihydroxyanthraquinoneantineoplastic agent;
laxative;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		3.150
ethacrynic acid
Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.		210aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
loop diuretic
ether
Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.		2.4320ether;
volatile organic compound		inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
ethosuximide
Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.		2.0110dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone		anticonvulsant;
geroprotector;
T-type calcium channel blocker
ethotoin
ethotoin: was heading 1966-94 (see under HYDANTOINS 1966-90); use HYDANTOINS to search ETHOTOIN 1966-94. ethotoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by ethyl and phenyl at positions 3 and 5, respectively. An antiepileptic, it is less toxic than phenytoin but also less effective.		2.0110imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
ethoxyquin
Ethoxyquin: Antioxidant; also a post-harvest dip to prevent scald on apples and pears.. ethoxyquin : A quinoline that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline bearing three methyl substituents at position 2, 2 and 4 as well as an ethoxy substituent at position 6.		2.0310aromatic ether;
quinolines		antifungal agrochemical;
food antioxidant;
genotoxin;
geroprotector;
herbicide;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activator
ethoxyresorufin
ethoxyresorufin: structure		1.9910phenoxazine
eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester
[no description available]		3.570
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone
Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.		2.4220aromatic ether;
hydrazone;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound		ATP synthase inhibitor;
geroprotector;
ionophore
felbamate
Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.		2.0110carbamate esteranticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent
felodipine
Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.		2.0110dichlorobenzene;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
fenofibrate
Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE		4.6280aromatic ether;
chlorobenzophenone;
isopropyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
fexofenadine
fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.		2.2110piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
fluconazole
Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.		2.6320conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		environmental contaminant;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		2.0810nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.		2.0410fluorobiphenyl;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fp 83
FP 83: structure given in first source		2.0410organic molecular entity
flutamide
Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.		3.4511(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
fomepizole
Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.		1.9810pyrazolesantidote;
EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
protective agent
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		3.4311chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
gabapentin
Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.		2.4120gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
gabexate
Gabexate: A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin.		1.9910benzoate ester
gemfibrozil
[no description available]		2.0310aromatic etherantilipemic drug
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		7.0110
gliclazide
Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.		3.3510N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
radical scavenger
glimepiride
glimepiride: structure given in first source		3.3510sulfonamide
glipizide
Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		210aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-sulfonylurea;
pyrazines		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
glutethimide
Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.		2.0110piperidines
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		2.0510monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
go 6976
[no description available]		210indolocarbazole;
organic heterohexacyclic compound		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
gossypol
Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.		1.9810
guaifenesin
Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.		5.1850methoxybenzenes
guvacine
guvacine: RN given refers to parent cpd. guvacine : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid which has been hydrogenated at the 1-2 and 5-6 positions of the pyridine ring.		2.0110alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
beta-amino acid;
pyridine alkaloid;
secondary amino compound;
tetrahydropyridine		GABA reuptake inhibitor;
plant metabolite
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.		3.0750isoquinolines;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
halothane
[no description available]		2.3920haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		inhalation anaesthetic
hexachlorophene
Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.		1.9610bridged diphenyl fungicide;
polyphenol;
trichlorobenzene		acaricide;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
miltefosine
miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.		2.0410phosphocholines;
phospholipid		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
apoptosis inducer;
immunomodulator;
protein kinase inhibitor
hexestrol
[no description available]		1.9410stilbenoid
hexobarbital
Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.		2.4720barbiturates
ethidium
Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.		1.9910phenanthridinesfluorochrome;
intercalator
hydralazine
Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.3720azaarene;
hydrazines;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
phthalazines		antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		1.9910benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		2.7330one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
hypericin
[no description available]		1.9910
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		2.6830monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		2.420benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
idebenone
[no description available]		2.05101,4-benzoquinones;
primary alcohol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor
ifosfamide
[no description available]		2.0110ifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		210dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
indole-3-carbinol
indole-3-carbinol: occurs in edible cruciferous vegetables. indole-3-methanol : An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity.		2.420indolyl alcoholantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		9.68541aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
iodoquinol
Iodoquinol: One of the halogenated 8-quinolinols widely used as an intestinal antiseptic, especially as an antiamebic agent. It is also used topically in other infections and may cause CNS and eye damage. It is known by very many similar trade names world-wide.. iodoquinol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by iodine. It is considered the drug of choice for treating asymptomatic or moderate forms of amoebiasis.		1.9610monohydroxyquinoline;
organoiodine compound		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiseptic drug
iproniazid
[no description available]		2.0110carbohydrazide;
pyridines
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.		2.69303-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		2.4820carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
2-propanol
2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.9640secondary alcohol;
secondary fatty alcohol		protic solvent
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		5.02130catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
juglone
juglone: structure. juglone : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. A plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone with confirmed antibacterial and antitumor activities.		2.0610hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinonegeroprotector;
herbicide;
reactive oxygen species generator
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		7.7730dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen
Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.		2.4120benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
khellin
Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.		2.9140furanochromone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle		anti-asthmatic agent;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
lamotrigine
[no description available]		2.01101,2,4-triazines;
dichlorobenzene;
primary arylamine		anticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
antimanic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
xenobiotic
lauric acid
dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.		6.8332medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antibacterial agent;
plant metabolite
letrozole
[no description available]		2.0310nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
lomustine
[no description available]		1.9310N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
loratadine
Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.		2.0510benzocycloheptapyridine;
ethyl ester;
N-acylpiperidine;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist
ly 171883
LY 171883: structure in first source; leukotriene receptor antagonist. tomelukast : A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group, a propyl group at position 3 and a 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy group at position 4. A leukotriene antagonist, it exhibits anti-asthmatic activity.		1.9810acetophenones;
aromatic ether;
phenols;
tetrazoles		anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source		2.0710chromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound		autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
mecamylamine
Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.		2.0210primary aliphatic amine
vitamin k 3
Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.		2.06101,4-naphthoquinones;
vitamin K		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite;
nutraceutical
mephenytoin
Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.		2.0110imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
mesalamine
Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.		1.9810amino acid;
aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
phenols		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		3.8521guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
metharbital
metharbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ENDIEMAL, METHARBITONE, & METHOBARBITONE were see METHARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search METHARBITAL 1976-94; long-acting barbiturate that is demethylated to barbital in the liver; has broad-spectrum anticonvulsant action, but used mainly to treat myoclonic spasms in infants		2.0110organic molecular entity
methyl salicylate
methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.		1.9610benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
salicylates		flavouring agent;
insect attractant;
metabolite
methyl methanesulfonate
[no description available]		2.0210methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
genotoxin;
mutagen
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		1.9910C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
midodrine
Midodrine: An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. midodrine : An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine.		2.0110amino acid amide;
aromatic ether;
secondary alcohol		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
mitotane
Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.		2.2110diarylmethane
mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.		1.9610dihydroxyanthraquinoneanalgesic;
antineoplastic agent
moclobemide
Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.		2.0110benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
morpholines		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
molsidomine
Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure.		2.0310ethyl ester;
morpholines;
oxadiazole;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
n-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide
N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide: calmodulin antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610naphthalenes;
sulfonic acid derivative
acecainide
Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.		2.0110acetamides;
benzamides		anti-arrhythmia drug
deoxyepinephrine
Deoxyepinephrine: Sympathomimetic, vasoconstrictor agent.		2.0110catecholamine
nabumetone
Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		2.4220methoxynaphthalene;
methyl ketone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
neostigmine
Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		1.9610quaternary ammonium ionantidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nicardipine
Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.		2.0110benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		3.150C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
nimesulide
nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.		2.0210aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimetazepam
nimetazepam : A nitrazepam which is substituted at positions 1 by a methyl group. It is used as an anticonvulsant and as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia.		2.01101,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound		anticonvulsant;
antispasmodic drug;
GABA modulator;
sedative
nimodipine
Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.		2.01102-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
nipecotic acid
nipecotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. nipecotic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is piperidine in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.		2.0110beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
nisoldipine
Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.		2.420C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
nitrazepam
Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).		2.01101,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound		anticonvulsant;
antispasmodic drug;
drug metabolite;
GABA modulator;
sedative
nitrendipine
Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.		2.0110C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide
N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide: structure given in first source. NS-398 : A C-nitro compound that is N-methylsulfonyl-4-nitroaniline bearing an additional cyclohexyloxy substituent at position 2.		2.4220aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
oxaprozin
Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		3.51101,3-oxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxidopamine
Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).		2.5320benzenetriol;
catecholamine;
primary amino compound		drug metabolite;
human metabolite;
neurotoxin
aminosalicylic acid
Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.		1.9810aminobenzoic acid;
phenols		antitubercular agent
quinone
benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).		2.44201,4-benzoquinonescofactor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-chlorophenol
4-chlorophenol: used as a root canal irrigant. 4-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom.		1.9610monochlorophenol
pd 98059
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.		2.0210aromatic amine;
monomethoxyflavone		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		2.3920barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline
[no description available]		4.5551oxopurine
perhexiline
Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.		2.1710piperidinescardiovascular drug
phenacemide
phenacemide: anti-epileptic drug; structure		2.0110acetamides
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		3.4880barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
pindolol
Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.		1.9710indoles;
secondary amine		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
pioglitazone
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		4.1331aromatic ether;
pyridines;
thiazolidinediones		antidepressant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
PPARgamma agonist;
xenobiotic
pomiferin
pomiferin: structure in first source		2.0110isoflavanones
potassium chloride
Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.		1.9910inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
potassium iodide
Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.		2.610potassium saltexpectorant;
radical scavenger
primidone
Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.		2.0110pyrimidoneanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
proadifen
Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.		2.3920diarylmethane
probenecid
Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.		1.9710benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		uricosuric drug
probucol
Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.		3.2460dithioketal;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug
procainamide
Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		2.0610benzamidesanti-arrhythmia drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker
proglumide
Proglumide: A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.. proglumide : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs.. N(2)-benzoyl-N,N-dipropyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-benzoylglutamic acid with dippropylamine.		2.0210benzamides;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
glutamine derivative;
racemate		anti-ulcer drug;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
cholinergic antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
drug metabolite;
gastrointestinal drug;
opioid analgesic;
xenobiotic metabolite
propidium
Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.		2.6930phenanthridines;
quaternary ammonium ion		fluorochrome;
intercalator
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.		7.7430phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		2.6830naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
propyl gallate
Propyl Gallate: Antioxidant for foods, fats, oils, ethers, emulsions, waxes, and transformer oils.		2.4320trihydroxybenzoic acid
resorcinol
resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.		1.9610benzenediol;
phenolic donor;
resorcinols		erythropoietin inhibitor;
sensitiser
pf 5901
alpha-pentyl-3-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)benzenemethanol: structure given in first source; platelet activating factor antagonist		1.9810quinolines
1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane
1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane: selective inhibitor of canine platelet diglyceride lipase		1.9810carbamate ester;
organonitrogen compound
riluzole
Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.		2.4520benzothiazoles
ro 31-8220
Ro 31-8220: a protein kinase C inhibitor		210imidothiocarbamic ester;
indoles;
maleimides		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone
4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.		1.9810methoxybenzenes
rofecoxib
[no description available]		2.0210butenolide;
sulfone		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
saccharin
Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.		7.7301,2-benzisothiazole;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		environmental contaminant;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
safrole
Safrole: A member of the BENZODIOXOLES that is a constituent of several VOLATILE OILS, notably SASSAFRAS oil. It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE and the drug N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA).. safrole : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted by an allyl group at position 5. It is found in several plants, including black pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg, and is present in several essential oils, notably that of sassafras. It has insecticidal properties and has been used as a topical antiseptic. Although not thought to pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans, findings of weak carcinogenicity in rats have resulted in the banning of its (previously widespread) use in perfumes and soaps, and as a food additive.		2.0610benzodioxolesflavouring agent;
insecticide;
metabolite;
plant metabolite
sebacic acid
sebacic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane.		7.0110alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
linsidomine
linsidomine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0310morpholines
sodium fluoride
[no description available]		1.9710fluoride saltmutagen
stearic acid
octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.		11.5230112long-chain fatty acid;
saturated fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
sulfacetamide
Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.		1.9310N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
substituted aniline		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.4110pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ligand;
xenobiotic
sulfanilamide
[no description available]		2.0110substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulpiride
Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.		1.9910benzamides;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfonamide		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
sulthiame
sulthiame: was heading 1964-94 (see under THIAZINES 1964-90); use THIAZINES to search SULTHIAME 1966-94		2.0110organic molecular entity
suprofen
Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.		1.9810aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antirheumatic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
tetracaine
Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.		1.9610benzoate ester;
tertiary amino compound		local anaesthetic
tetraethylammonium
Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)		210quaternary ammonium ion
2,4-thiazolidinedione
thiazolidine-2,4-dione: structure in first source. 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione : A thiazolidenedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 2 and 4.		2.4120thiazolidenedione
tiaprofenic acid
tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.		2.6930aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		drug allergen;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		2.1510monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tolbutamide
Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.		2.3720N-sulfonylureahuman metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
potassium channel blocker
n,n,n',n'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine
N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine: a zinc ion chelating agent; structure given in first source. N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine : An N-substituted diamine that is ethylenediamine in which the four amino hydrogens are replaced by 2-pyridylmethyl groups.		2.0110N-substituted diamine;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		apoptosis inducer;
chelator;
copper chelator
triamterene
Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.		1.9910pteridinesdiuretic;
sodium channel blocker
trifluoperazine
[no description available]		2.940N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
calmodulin antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
trimethadione
Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.		2.0110oxazolidinoneanticonvulsant;
geroprotector
troglitazone
Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.		4.4951chromanes;
thiazolidinone		anticoagulant;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
tyramine
[no description available]		1.9910monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
vigabatrin
[no description available]		2.0110gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
w 7
W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist		2.3720
pirinixic acid
pirinixic acid: structure		3.89120aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrimidines
zonisamide
Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.		2.01101,2-benzoxazoles;
sulfonamide		anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
central nervous system drug;
protective agent;
T-type calcium channel blocker
hydrocortisone acetate
hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410cortisol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		2.0210mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
corticosterone
[no description available]		8.387011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		2.422011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
estriol
hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.		2.372016alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		estrogen;
human metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		2.4220glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
alloxan
Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.		7.6830pyrimidonehyperglycemic agent;
metabolite
thymidine
[no description available]		3.78110pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2-aminophenol
[no description available]		1.9610aminophenolbacterial metabolite
hydroxyproline
Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.		1.97104-hydroxyproline;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		2.89402-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		3.2460ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
aldosterone
[no description available]		8.125011beta-hydroxy steroid;
18-oxo steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid aldehyde		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		2.011011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
estrone
Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.		7.94017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
androsterone
[no description available]		2.372017-oxo steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
C19-steroid		androgen;
anticonvulsant;
human blood serum metabolite;
human metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
pheromone
dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.		7.422017-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2-acetylaminofluorene
2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.		2.37202-acetamidofluorenesantimitotic;
carcinogenic agent;
epitope;
mutagen
metaraminol
Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.		2.0110phenylethanolaminesalpha-adrenergic agonist;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
pentylenetetrazole
Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.		2.4720organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		3.49802-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine
Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.		2.0710nitrosaminecarcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
mutagen
isoflurophate
Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.		1.9310dialkyl phosphate
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		9.89110chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		3.5480alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		5.05130L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone acetate
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate: The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone.		2.0110corticosteroid hormone
benz(a)anthracene
benz(a)anthracene: 4 fused rings of which one is angular in contrast to the linear NAPHTHACENES. tetraphene : An angular ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings.		1.9410ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		4.2450aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		2.7430amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		4.02140aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyanides
Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.		1.9610pseudohalide anionEC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
physostigmine
Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.		2.0110carbamate ester;
indole alkaloid		antidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		7.58292glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.		4.29190ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes		carcinogenic agent
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		6.01152adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.		1.9610tetrachlorophenolxenobiotic metabolite
uridine
[no description available]		2.1110uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		210pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
galactose
galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.		3.3670D-galactose;
galactopyranose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		5.860monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		2.1710phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		2.4320amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		4.92140ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
tributyrin
tributyrin: structure. tributyrin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by butyric acid.		2.0310butyrate ester;
triglyceride		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
prodrug;
protective agent
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)		1.9410azobenzenes
phenylethyl alcohol
Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.		3.4370benzenes;
primary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
fragrance;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		6.4222amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
monomethylhydrazine
Monomethylhydrazine: Hydrazine substituted by one methyl group.		1.9710
adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.		210adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
cofactor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
methylene blue
Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.		2.4120organic chloride saltacid-base indicator;
antidepressant;
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
neuroprotective agent;
physical tracer
4-toluenesulfonic acid
4-toluenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; other RNs in 9th CI Form Index. toluene-4-sulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a methyl group.		210arenesulfonic acid;
toluenes
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		4.9110amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aniline
[no description available]		7.3920anilines;
primary arylamine
2-aminoisobutyric acid
2-aminoisobutyric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2-aminoisobutyric acid : A rare, non-protein amino acid and end-product of pyrimidine metabolism, excreted in urine and found in some antibiotics of fungal origin. With the exception of a few bacteria, it is non-metabolisable, and therefore used in bioassays.		1.98102,2-dialkylglycine zwitterion;
2,2-dialkylglycine
androstenedione
Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.		2.041017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lactose
Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.		5.7561lactose
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		5.34131aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.		3.5280
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		12.47143amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone
Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE		2.382020-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		7.6630alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
cytidine
[no description available]		1.9910cytidinesEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine triphosphate
Cytidine Triphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		1.9910cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
n-hexanal
[no description available]		3.92120medium-chain fatty aldehyde;
n-alkanal;
saturated fatty aldehyde		human urinary metabolite
strophanthidin
Strophanthidin: 3 beta,5,14-Trihydroxy-19-oxo-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. The aglycone cardioactive agent isolated from Strophanthus Kombe, S. gratus and other species; it is a very toxic material formerly used as digitalis. Synonyms: Apocymarin; Corchorin; Cynotoxin; Corchorgenin.		2.131014beta-hydroxy steroid;
19-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
cardenolides;
steroid aldehyde
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		3.3770antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid
Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.		2.3920diether;
tertiary amino compound;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
barbituric acid
barbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure from Merck Index, 9th ed, #966. barbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups. Barbituric acid is the parent compound of barbiturate drugs, although it is not itself pharmacologically active.		2.0110barbituratesallergen;
xenobiotic
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		2.8940chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
fluocinolone acetonide
Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.		2.051011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
sodium citrate, anhydrous
Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.		2.0710organic sodium saltanticoagulant;
flavouring agent
ampicillin
Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.		2.0110beta-lactam antibiotic;
penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
mannitol
[no description available]		3.470mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cytarabine
[no description available]		1.9610beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
trifluridine
Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.		2.0810nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
ornithine
Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.		2.110non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
ornithine		algal metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
mouse metabolite
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		3.72100amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-pentanol
n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.		210pentanol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
medroxyprogesterone acetate
[no description available]		1.961020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
steroid ester		adjuvant;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
female contraceptive drug;
inhibitor;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		9.2360L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		3.8640amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cordycepin
[no description available]		1.98103'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines		antimetabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		5.33170erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine
Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.		8.2960aspartate family amino acid;
isoleucine;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		4.981arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
ethane
Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.		1.9710alkane;
gas molecular entity		plant metabolite;
refrigerant
ethylene
Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges		2.4420alkene;
gas molecular entity		plant hormone;
refrigerant
acetylene
[no description available]		1.9910alkyne;
gas molecular entity;
terminal acetylenic compound
boranes
Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.		210boranes;
mononuclear parent hydride
bromoethane
bromoethane : A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying a bromo substituent. It is an alkylating agent used as a chemical intermediate in various organic syntheses.		2.0710bromoalkane;
bromohydrocarbon;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
refrigerant;
solvent
propane
Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.		2.0110alkane;
gas molecular entity		food propellant
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		8.1350aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
methylene chloride
Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.		2.0610chloromethanes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
polar aprotic solvent;
refrigerant
cyclopropane
cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring.		710cycloalkane;
cyclopropanes		inhalation anaesthetic
boron trifluoride
[no description available]		210boron fluorideNMR chemical shift reference compound
tert-butyl alcohol
tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.		2.4110tertiary alcoholhuman xenobiotic metabolite
tert-amyl alcohol
2-methylbutan-2-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is propan-1-ol in which both of the hydrogens at position 1 have been replaced by methyl groups.		210aliphatic alcohol;
tertiary alcohol		protic solvent
tert-butylhydroperoxide
tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.		3.5280alkyl hydroperoxideantibacterial agent;
oxidising agent
trifluoroacetic acid
Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.		1.9910fluoroalkanoic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
reagent
triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.		1.981011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.		2.4520benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug
caramiphen
caramiphen: structure		2.0110benzenes
methsuximide
methsuximide: anticonvulsant effective in petit mal & psychomotor epilepsy; has a number of unpleasant & toxic side effects; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SUCCINIMIDES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0110organic molecular entity
quinic acid
(-)-quinic acid : The (-)-enantiomer of quinic acid.		2.4920
trimethylolpropane
[no description available]		2.1110primary alcohol
triparanol
Triparanol: Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts.		1.9410stilbenoidanticoronaviral agent
azobis(isobutyronitrile)
azobis(isobutyronitrile): blowing agent for elastomers & plastics; initiator for free radical reactions; structure		2.0210
linalool
linalool: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. linalool : A monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum.		2.110monoterpenoid;
tertiary alcohol		antimicrobial agent;
fragrance;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
chloroacetyl chloride
[no description available]		210acyl halide
acrylamide
[no description available]		2.4920acrylamides;
N-acylammonia;
primary carboxamide		alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
Maillard reaction product;
mutagen;
neurotoxin
acrylic acid
acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.		2.0810alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acidmetabolite
methyl chloroformate
[no description available]		2.2110
isobutyric acid
isobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. isobutyric acid : A branched fatty acid comprising propanoic acid carrying a methyl branch at C-2.		2.0210branched-chain saturated fatty acid;
fatty acid 4:0;
methyl-branched fatty acid		Daphnia magna metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
bisphenol a
4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.		2.2510bisphenolendocrine disruptor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic;
xenoestrogen
alpha-pinene
[no description available]		2.4520pineneplant metabolite
methylmethacrylate
Methylmethacrylate: The methyl ester of methacrylic acid. It polymerizes easily to form POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE. It is used as a bone cement.. methyl methacrylate : An enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component.		2.110enoate ester;
methyl ester		allergen;
polymerisation monomer
taurocholic acid
Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.		2.9640amino sulfonic acid;
bile acid taurine conjugate		human metabolite
skatole
[no description available]		2.1110methylindolehuman metabolite;
mammalian metabolite
methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.		3.37116-methylprednisolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiemetic;
environmental contaminant;
neuroprotective agent;
xenobiotic
rotenone
Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.		7.5420organic heteropentacyclic compound;
rotenones		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor;
phytogenic insecticide;
piscicide;
toxin
phthalimide
phthalimide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phthalimide : A dicarboximide that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole substituted by oxo groups at positions 1 and 3.		2.0110phthalimides
pyocyanine
Pyocyanine: Antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. pyocyanine : An iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group. An antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.		2.4110iminium betaine;
phenazines		antibacterial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
biological pigment;
virulence factor
phensuximide
phensuximide: major descriptor (73-84); on-line search SUCCINIMIDES (73-84); Index Medicus search PHENSUXIMIDE (73-84); RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0110pyrrolidines
amido-g-acid
amido-G-acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0110
xylitol
xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.		2.0110
2,4,6-trichlorophenol
[no description available]		1.9610trichlorophenolcarcinogenic agent
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		2.0210pyrrolidin-2-ones
2-tert-butylphenol
[no description available]		1.9610alkylbenzene
2-isopropylphenol
2-isopropylphenol: structure given in first source. 2-isopropylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying an isopropyl group at position 2.		1.9610phenols
2-nitrophenol
nitrophenol : Any member of the class of phenols or substituted phenols carrying at least 1 nitro group.		1.96102-nitrophenols
picric acid
picric acid: used as antiseptic, astringent & stimulant for epitheliazation; structure. picric acid : A C-nitro compound comprising phenol having three nitro substtituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.		1.9610C-nitro compoundantiseptic drug;
explosive;
fixative
thymol
Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.		2.6930monoterpenoid;
phenols		volatile oil component
2-ethylphenol
2-ethylphenol: structure in first source		1.9610phenols
salicylaldehyde
o-hydroxybenzaldehyde: structure in first source		1.9610hydroxybenzaldehydenematicide;
plant metabolite
2-phenylphenol
2-phenylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. biphenyl-2-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is generally used as a post-harvest fungicide for citrus fruits.		1.9610hydroxybiphenylsantifungal agrochemical;
environmental food contaminant
anthrone
anthrone: used in colorimetric determination of sugar & animal starch in body fluids; structure. anthrone : A member of the class of anthracenes that is 9,10-dihydroanthracene carrying an oxo group at C-9.		2.0810anthracenoneradical scavenger
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.		2.0210mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene
quinoline
[no description available]		1.9910azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinolines
2-naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.		210naphthylaminecarcinogenic agent
3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine: A material used in the manufacture of azo dyes that is toxic to skin and carcinogenic in several species.		2.0310biphenyls;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound
diphenyl
diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure		2.1710aromatic fungicide;
benzenes;
biphenyls		antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial food preservative
4-phenylphenol
4-phenylphenol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. biphenyl-4-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl carrying a hydroxy group at position 4.		1.9610hydroxybiphenyls
benzidine
benzidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is 1,1'-biphenyl in which the hydrogen at the para-position of each phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group.		2.4120biphenyls;
substituted aniline		carcinogenic agent
veratric acid
veratric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 3.		2.0610benzoic acidsallergen;
plant metabolite
methyleugenol
methyleugenol: structure		2.0510phenylpropanoid
acetyleugenol
acetyleugenol: from cloves; inhibits arachidonate-, adrenaline-, & collagen-induced platelet aggregation		2.0210benzoate ester;
phenols
propylparaben
Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)		2.0710benzoate ester;
paraben;
phenols		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.		9.9721carbonyl compound
2-chlorophenol
chlorophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded chlorine atoms.		1.96102-halophenol;
monochlorophenol
2,4,5-trichlorophenol
2,4,5-trichlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2,4,5-trichlorophenol : A trichlorophenol carrying chloro groups at positions 2, 4 and 5.		1.9610trichlorophenol
alpha-chlorohydrin
alpha-Chlorohydrin: A chlorinated PROPANEDIOL with antifertility activity in males used as a chemosterilant in rodents.. 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol : A chloropropane-1,2-diol that is propane-1,2-diol substituted by a chloro group at position 3.		2.1110chloropropane-1,2-diol
thioglycerol
thioglycerol: potentiates action of bradykinin in guinea-pig ileum; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. monothioglycerol : A thiol that is glycerol in which one of the primary hydroxy groups is replaced by a thiol group.		1.9610propane-1,2-diols;
thiol		reducing agent;
vulnerary
4-butyrolactone
4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		3.2960butan-4-olidemetabolite;
neurotoxin
lactobionic acid
[no description available]		7.1510disaccharideantioxidant
furfuryl alcohol
furfuryl alcohol: structure. furfuryl alcohol : A furan bearing a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 2-position.		2.110furans;
primary alcohol		Maillard reaction product
butylphen
butylphen: irritant; structure. 4-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted with a tert-butyl group at position 4.		1.9610phenolsallergen
cumene
cumene : An alkylbenzene that is benzene carrying an isopropyl group.		2.1710alkylbenzene
trehalose
alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.		2.9340trehaloseEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-bromophenacyl bromide
4-bromophenacyl bromide: phospholipidase A(2) inhibitor; structure		2.6830
methylparaben
methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd. methylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries.		1.9610parabenantifungal agent;
antimicrobial food preservative;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
gamma-terpinene
gamma-terpinene: RN given refers to gamma-terpinene; structure. gamma-terpinene : One of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (alpha- and beta-terpinene being the others). In gamma-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 4-positions of the p-menthane skeleton.		2.7330cyclohexadiene;
monoterpene		antioxidant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
4-cymene
4-cymene: structure. p-cymene : A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4.		2.0210monoterpene;
toluenes		human urinary metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
4-isopropylphenol
[no description available]		1.9610phenolsflavouring agent
4-anisic acid
4-methoxybenzoic acid: structure in first source. 4-methoxybenzoic acid : A methoxybenzoic acid substituted with a methoxy group at position C-4.		2.0610methoxybenzoic acidplant metabolite
terephthalic acid
terephthalic acid: RN given refers to 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid. terephthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 1 and 4. One of three possible isomers of benzenedicarboxylic acid, the others being phthalic and isophthalic acids.		2.1110benzenedicarboxylic acid
phenylhydrazine
[no description available]		2.6330phenylhydrazinesxenobiotic
anisole
anisole : A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group.		2.4720monomethoxybenzeneplant metabolite
quinuclidines
Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.		2.0310quinuclidines;
saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
cyclopentamine
cyclopentamine: structure		2.0110secondary amino compound
triethanolamine
triethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethanolamine : A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0410amino alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
triol		buffer;
surfactant
4-anisidine
4-anisidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-anisidine : A substituted aniline that is aniline in which the hydrogen para to the amino group has been replaced by a methoxy group. It is used as a reagent for the detection of oxidation products such as aldehydes and ketones in fats and oils.		2.1110methoxybenzenes;
primary amino compound;
substituted aniline		genotoxin;
reagent
caprolactam
Caprolactam: Cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. Can cause local irritation.. epsilon-caprolactam : A member of the class of caprolactams that is azepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.0110caprolactamshuman blood serum metabolite
citronellal
citronellal: aldehyde of citronellol; found in citronella oil. citronellal : A monoterpenoid, the main component of citronella oil which gives it its distinctive lemon aroma.		2.110aldehyde;
monoterpenoid		antifungal agent;
metabolite
4-bromophenol
4-bromophenol : A bromophenol containing only hydroxy and bromo substituents that are para to one another.		1.9610bromophenolhuman urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
marine metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
persistent organic pollutant;
rat metabolite
4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene dioxide
4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene dioxide: activates caspase cascades; structure. 4-vinylcyclohexene dioxide : The diepoxide of 4-vinylcyclohexene.		2.610epoxidecarcinogenic agent
ethylene dibromide
Ethylene Dibromide: An effective soil fumigant, insecticide, and nematocide. In humans, it causes severe burning of skin and irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged inhalation may cause liver necrosis. It is also used in gasoline. Members of this group have caused liver and lung cancers in rodents. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), 1,2-dibromoethane may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.. 1,2-dibromoethane : A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying bromo substituents at positions 1 and 2. It is produced by marine algae.		1.9810bromoalkane;
bromohydrocarbon		algal metabolite;
carcinogenic agent;
fumigant;
marine metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen
acrolein
[no description available]		4.570enalherbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
toxin
allylamine
Allylamine: Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation.		3.0710alkylamine
allyl alcohol
allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.		2.0410primary allylic alcohol;
propenol		antibacterial agent;
fungicide;
herbicide;
insecticide;
plant metabolite
glyoxal
[no description available]		7.7730dialdehydeagrochemical;
allergen;
pesticide;
plant growth regulator
2-methylpentane
Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.		4.25160alkane
chlorobenzene
[no description available]		2.7330monochlorobenzenessolvent
cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.		2.4620cyclohexanols;
secondary alcohol		solvent
thiophenol
thiophenol : A thiol in which the sulfanyl group is attached to a phenyl group.		2.1110aryl thiol
n-pentanoic acid
n-pentanoic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. valeric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms.		2.0810short-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		plant metabolite
pentane
Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.		2.6730alkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
vinyl ether
vinyl ether: major descriptor (65-85); on-line search VINYL COMPOUNDS (66-85); Index Medicus search VINYL ETHER (65-85)		2.1110ether
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		3.1150pyrrole;
secondary amine
furan
furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.		2.7430furans;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene		carcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
Maillard reaction product
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		2.4420mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
di-tert-butyl peroxide
tert-butyl peroxide: structure in first source		2.0210
n-hexane
hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.		2.8930alkane;
volatile organic compound		neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
pentanal
pentanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde composed from five carbons in a straight chain.		2.2510saturated fatty aldehydeplant metabolite
piperidine
[no description available]		2.420azacycloalkane;
piperidines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent;
secondary amine		base;
catalyst;
human metabolite;
non-polar solvent;
plant metabolite;
protic solvent;
reagent
morpholine
[no description available]		2.0510morpholines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		NMR chemical shift reference compound
heptanoic acid
heptanoic acid : A C7, straight-chain fatty acid that contributes to the odour of some rancid oils. Used in the preparation of esters for the fragrance industry, and as an additive in cigarettes.		1.9610medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		plant metabolite
1-hexanol
1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.		2.8130hexanol;
primary alcohol		alarm pheromone;
antibacterial agent;
fragrance;
plant metabolite
ethyl stearate
stearic acid ethyl ester: structure in first source. ethyl octadecanoate : An octadecanoate ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of octadecanoic (stearic) acid and the hydroxy group of ethanol.		2.1710long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester;
octadecanoate ester		plant metabolite
heptanal
heptanal : An n-alkanal resulting from the oxidation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of heptan-1-ol to the corresponding aldehyde. An endogenous aldehyde coming from membrane lipid oxidation, it is found in the blood of lung cancer patients and has been regarded as a potential biomarker of lung cancer.		2.2510medium-chain fatty aldehyde;
n-alkanal;
saturated fatty aldehyde		biomarker
carbitol
carbitol: used as lubricating oil & in braking fluid, structure. diethylene glycol monoethyl ether : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 2-ethoxyethoxy group at position 2.		2.0410diether;
glycol ether;
hydroxypolyether;
primary alcohol		protic solvent
pelargonic acid
pelargonic acid: K salt acts as cariostatic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. nonanoic acid : A C9 straight-chain saturated fatty acid which occurs naturally as esters of the oil of pelargonium. Has antifungal properties, and is also used as a herbicide as well as in the preparation of plasticisers and lacquers.		2.6730medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antifeedant;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
plant metabolite
n-decyl alcohol
n-decyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd. decanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.. decan-1-ol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.		2.1510decanol;
primary alcohol		metabolite;
pheromone;
protic solvent
undecanoic acid
undecanoic acid : A straight-chain, eleven-carbon saturated medium-chain fatty acid found in body fluids; the most fungitoxic of the C7:0 - C18:0 fatty acid series.. undecanoate : A medium-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of undecanoic acid; used in tandem with testosterone cation in the treatment of male hypogonadism. Major species at pH 7.3.		2.3920medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		antifungal agent;
human metabolite
methyl palmitate
[no description available]		2.0110fatty acid methyl estermetabolite
n-dodecane
dodecane : A straight-chain alkane with 12 carbon atoms. It has been isolated from the essential oils of various plants including Zingiber officinale (ginger).		2.1310alkaneplant metabolite
dodecanol
Dodecanol: A saturated 12-carbon fatty alcohol obtained from coconut oil fatty acids. It has a floral odor and is used in detergents, lubricating oils, and pharmaceuticals. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). dodecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twelve carbon atoms.. dodecan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is dodecane in which a hydrogen from one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is registered for use in apple and pear orchards as a Lepidopteran pheromone/sex attractant, used to disrupt the mating behaviour of certain moths whose larvae destroy crops.		2.4120dodecanol;
primary alcohol		bacterial metabolite;
cosmetic;
insect attractant;
insecticide;
pheromone;
plant metabolite
palmitoyl chloride
[no description available]		1.9610
myristyl alcohol
myristyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetradecan-1-ol : A long-chain fatty alcohol that is tetradecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.. tetradecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of fourteen carbon atoms.		2.4620long-chain primary fatty alcohol;
tetradecanol		pheromone;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
behenic acid
behenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. docosanoic acid : A straight-chain, C22, long-chain saturated fatty acid.		2.9540long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		plant metabolite
stearyl alcohol
octadecan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of 18 carbon atoms.. octadecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of eighteen carbon atoms.		2.2110long-chain primary fatty alcohol;
octadecanol		algal metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
dicofol
Dicofol: An organochlorine insecticide.. dicofol : A tertiary alcohol that is DDT in which the benzylic hydrogen has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.9810monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine acaricide;
tertiary alcohol
mephobarbital
Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		2.0110barbituratesanticonvulsant
paramethadione
paramethadione: structure		2.0110oxazolidinoneanticonvulsant
diethylhexyl phthalate
Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.		2.3920diester;
phthalate ester		androstane receptor agonist;
apoptosis inhibitor;
plasticiser
3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid
3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid : A benzoic acid derivative carrying 3-, 4- and 5-methoxy substituents.		2.0610benzoic acids;
methoxybenzenes		human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
framycetin
Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.		1.9310aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite
dianisidine
Dianisidine: Highly toxic compound which can cause skin irritation and sensitization. It is used in manufacture of azo dyes.		2.0310biphenyls
2-tolidine
2-tolidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0310biphenyls
2,4-dichlorophenol
2,4-dichlorophenol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent+ cpd; structure. 2,4-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol that is phenol carrying chloro substituents at positions 2 and 4.		1.9610dichlorophenol
cyclopentanone
[no description available]		2.0110cyclopentanonesMaillard reaction product
vanillic acid
Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.		3.3260methoxybenzoic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid		plant metabolite
pyrazolanthrone
pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.		2.0710anthrapyrazole;
aromatic ketone;
cyclic ketone		antineoplastic agent;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
geroprotector
shikimic acid
Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.		2.4110alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
cyclohexenecarboxylic acid;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitrilotriacetic acid
Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)		3.0950NTA;
tricarboxylic acid		carcinogenic agent;
nephrotoxic agent
estragole
estragole : A phenylpropanoid that is chavicol in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a methoxy group.		2.4110alkenylbenzene;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenylpropanoid		carcinogenic agent;
flavouring agent;
genotoxin;
insect attractant;
plant metabolite
ethyl acetate
ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.		3.5580acetate ester;
ethyl ester;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor;
metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hexanoic acid
hexanoic acid : A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.		2.4720medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
cupric acetate
[no description available]		2.1110
sodium cyanide
Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.		1.9610cyanide salt;
one-carbon compound;
sodium salt		EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
diphenhydramine hydrochloride
Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.		2.610hydrochloride;
organoammonium salt		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
sedative
potassium cyanide
[no description available]		2.3820cyanide salt;
one-carbon compound;
potassium salt		EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
neurotoxin
catechin
Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.		5.62230catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
perylene
Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.		1.9910ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene;
perylenes
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		1.9910azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
acridines
Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.		2.3720acridines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		genotoxin
adamantane
Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.		2.6620adamantanes;
polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane
Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.		6.07210cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		2.43201,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		6.751811,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrimidine
pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.		1.9910diazine;
pyrimidines		Daphnia magna metabolite
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.		3.1650diazine;
pyrazines		Daphnia magna metabolite
nitroblue tetrazolium
Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.		2.940organic cation
ephedrine
Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.		3.110phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenylethanolamines		bacterial metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		5.23190azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
thiocyanate
thiocyanate: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiocyanate : A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid.		2.420pseudohalide anion;
sulfur molecular entity		human metabolite
benactyzine
Benactyzine: A centrally acting muscarinic antagonist. Benactyzine has been used in the treatment of depression and is used in research to investigate the role of cholinergic systems on behavior.		2.0110diarylmethane
paraoxon
[no description available]		2.0410aryl dialkyl phosphate;
organophosphate insecticide		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		2.4920N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
2,5-dinitrophenol
2,5-dinitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,5-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 5-positions.		1.9610dinitrophenol
diazomethane
Diazomethane: A diazonium compound with the formula CH2N2.. diazomethane : The simplest diazo compound, in which a diazo group is attached to a methylene group.		7.9140diazo compoundalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
poison
perfluorooctanoic acid
perfluorooctanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorooctanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid.		2.1310fluoroalkanoic acidcarcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
environmental contaminant;
surfactant;
xenobiotic
phetharbital
[no description available]		2.0110barbiturates
citrulline
citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.		1.9910amino acid zwitterion;
citrulline		Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
protective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
prenylamine
Prenylamine: A drug formerly used in the treatment of angina pectoris but superseded by less hazardous drugs. Prenylamine depletes myocardial catecholamine stores and has some calcium channel blocking activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1406)		2.0110diarylmethane
perflubron
perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.		2.0110haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
perfluorinated compound		blood substitute;
radioopaque medium
lithocholic acid
Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.		2.0710bile acid;
C24-steroid;
monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
limestone
Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.		2.1110calcium salt;
carbonate salt;
inorganic calcium salt;
one-carbon compound		antacid;
fertilizer;
food colouring;
food firming agent
chenodeoxycholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		3.6411bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
glycocholic acid
Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		3.3970bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
fusarium
Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.		3.91110
rhein
[no description available]		2.0110dihydroxyanthraquinone
aloe emodin
aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.		2.0110aromatic primary alcohol;
dihydroxyanthraquinone		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
diphenic acid
[no description available]		1.9910dicarboxylic acid
imperatorin
imperatorin: tumor necrosis factor antagonist; furanocoumarin from West African medicinal plant Clausena anisata; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3005. imperatorin : A member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a prenyloxy group at position 8. Isolated from Angelica dahurica and Angelica koreana, it acts as a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		2.0610psoralensEC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
metabolite
dihydralazine
Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)		2.3720phthalazines
reticulin
Reticulin: A scleroprotein fibril consisting mostly of type III collagen. Reticulin fibrils are extremely thin, with a diameter of between 0.5 and 2 um. They are involved in maintaining the structural integrity in a variety of organs.		1.9410benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline;
isoquinolinol		plant metabolite
bicuculline
Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.		2.0210benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines		agrochemical;
central nervous system stimulant;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
GABAA receptor antagonist;
neurotoxin
kainic acid
Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.		1.9910dicarboxylic acid;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid		antinematodal drug;
excitatory amino acid agonist
bufotenin
Bufotenin: A hallucinogenic serotonin analog found in frog or toad skins, mushrooms, higher plants, and mammals, especially in the brains, plasma, and urine of schizophrenics. Bufotenin has been used as a tool in CNS studies and misused as a psychedelic.. bufotenin : A tertiary amine that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 5.		2.3110tertiary amine;
tryptamine alkaloid		coral metabolite;
hallucinogen
thymoquinone
thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.		7.13101,4-benzoquinonesadjuvant;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
plant metabolite
benzohydroxamic acid
[no description available]		2.420
carvacrol
carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).		2.7330botanical anti-fungal agent;
p-menthane monoterpenoid;
phenols		agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
flavouring agent;
TRPA1 channel agonist;
volatile oil component
indophenol
Indophenol: A deep blue dye (with the formula OC6H4NC6H4OH) used to detect AMMONIA in a common test called the Berthelot's reaction and to detect PARACETAMOL by spectrophotometry.. indophenol : A quinone imine obtained by formal condensation of one of the keto groups of benzoquinone with the amino group of 4-hydroxyaniline.		1.9310quinone iminedye
beclamide
beclamide: structure		2.0110benzenes
4-hydroxyphenylethanol
4-hydroxyphenylethanol: in chest gland secretion of galagos. 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol : A phenol substituted at position 4 by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.		2.4820phenolsanti-arrhythmia drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
protective agent
phloretic acid
phloretic acid: structure. N-hydroxysuccinimide ester : An ester of N-hydroxysuccinimide.. phloretic acid : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of propionic acid having a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at the 3-position.		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acidplant metabolite
orcinol
orcinol: used as reagent for pentoses, lignin, beet sugar, saccharoses, arabinose & diastase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. orcinol : A 5-alkylresorcinol in which the alkyl group is specified as methyl.		1.96105-alkylresorcinol;
dihydroxytoluene		Aspergillus metabolite
margaric acid
margaric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. heptadecanoic acid : A C17 saturated fatty acid and trace component of fats in ruminants.		2.9240long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
mammalian metabolite
16-hydroxypalmitic acid
16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid : An omega-hydroxy-long-chain fatty acid that is hexadecanoic acid (also known as palmitic acid) which is substituted at position 16 by a hydroxy group. It is a key monomer of cutin in the plant cuticle.		2.1310hydroxypalmitic acid;
omega-hydroxy-long-chain fatty acid		plant metabolite
arachidic acid
icosanoic acid : A C20 striaght-chain saturated fatty acid which forms a minor constituent of peanut (L. arachis) and corn oils. Used as an organic thin film in the production of liquid crystals for a wide variety of technical applications.		4.5570long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		plant metabolite
hexacosanoic acid
hexacosanoic acid: a C(26) saturated acid. hexacosanoic acid : A 26-carbon, straight-chain, saturated fatty acid.		2.4320fatty acid 26:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid;
very long-chain fatty acid
oleanolic acid
[no description available]		2.4220hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		plant metabolite
tetranitromethane
[no description available]		1.9610organonitrogen compound
abietic acid
abietic acid : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-7,13-diene substituted by a carboxy group at position 18.		2.0110abietane diterpenoid;
monocarboxylic acid		plant metabolite
periplogenin
periplogenin: structure		2.1310
kryptopyrrole
kryptopyrrole: metabolite in schizophrenia		1.9610
medroxyprogesterone
[no description available]		1.961017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.		2.382017beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
luminol
Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.		1.9810
angelicin
angelicin: used as tranquillizer; sedative; or anticonvulsant; structure		210furanocoumarin
gluconic acid
gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.		3.8421gluconic acidchelator;
Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate
Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.		3.8421organic molecular entity
2,4,6-trimethylphenol
[no description available]		1.9610hydroxytoluene
cellobiose
beta-cellobiose : A cellobiose with beta configuration at the reducing-end glucose residue.		2.0310cellobioseepitope
syringic acid
syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source. syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.		7.4820benzoic acids;
dimethoxybenzene;
phenols		plant metabolite
herniarin
herniarin: methoxy analog of umbelliferone; structure. herniarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a methoxy group at position 7.		2.0510coumarinsfluorochrome
chlormethiazole
Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.		2.0110thiazoles
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol
Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover.		1.9710methoxybenzenes;
phenols
glybuthiazol
[no description available]		2.0110benzenes;
sulfonamide
4-toluenesulfinic acid
4-toluenesulfinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		210
1,2-dichloroethylene
1,2-dichloroethylene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		210chloroethenes
2,2,4-trimethylpentane
2,2,4-trimethylpentane: nephrotoxic. isooctane : An alkane that consists of pentane bearing two methyl substituents at position 2 and a single methyl substituent at position 4.		2.420alkane;
volatile organic compound		fuel additive;
nephrotoxin;
non-polar solvent
ethyl chloroformate
[no description available]		2.0410
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		8.96436dialdehydebiomarker
myristic acid
Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.. tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		12.65551long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
n-hexadecane
n-hexadecane: structure. hexadecane : A straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper.		2.7230long-chain alkanenon-polar solvent;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
phenalen-1-one
phenalen-1-one: fossil fuel combustion product		2.0710
neutral red
Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.		2.0410hydrochlorideacid-base indicator;
dye;
two-colour indicator
3-nitrophenol
[no description available]		1.96103-nitrophenols
tristearin
tristearoylglycerol : A triglyceride that is glycerol in which all three hydroxy groups have been formally esterified with stearic acid.		2.9240triacylglycerol 54:0Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite;
plant metabolite
tripalmitin
tripalmitin: structure. tripalmitin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.		2.4320triglyceride
glycidol
glycidol: structure given in first source		2.4620epoxide;
primary alcohol
lignoceric acid
lignoceric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetracosanoic acid : A C24 straight-chain saturated fatty acid.		3.1250straight-chain saturated fatty acid;
very long-chain fatty acid		Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol
4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol: structure in first source. 4-terpineol : A terpineol that is 1-menthene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4.		2.0610terpineol;
tertiary alcohol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antiparasitic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
glycerylphosphorylcholine
Glycerylphosphorylcholine: A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed)		2.0310glycerophosphocholine
2,3-dimethyl-2-butene
2,3-dimethyl-2-butene: structure given in first source		1.9810
docusate
Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid: All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.		2.3820diester;
organosulfonic acid
3-hydroxyflavone
3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.		3.4270flavonols;
monohydroxyflavone
1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione
1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione: an oxoglutarate carrier antagonist. 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione : An alpha-diketone that consists of 1-phenylpropane bearing keto substituents at positions 1 and 2. It is found in coffee.		2.0210alpha-diketone;
aromatic ketone		plant metabolite
alpha-hydroxy-gamma-methylmercaptobutyric acid
alpha-hydroxy-gamma-methylmercaptobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0110thia fatty acid
3-aminophenol
3-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-aminophenol : An aminophenol that is one of three amino derivatives of phenol which has the single amino substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group.		1.9610aminophenol
octadecane
octadecane: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecane : A straight-chain alkane carrying 18 carbon atoms.		210long-chain alkanebacterial metabolite;
plant metabolite
triphenylphosphine
triphenylphosphine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triphenylphosphine : A member of the class of tertiary phosphines that is phosphane in which the three hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.		2.0710benzenes;
tertiary phosphine		NMR chemical shift reference compound;
reducing agent
1-methylanthracene
1-methylanthracene: structure given in first source		2.0110
2-anthramine
2-anthramine: structure		2.0210anthracenamine
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		6.4992acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
1,4-cyclohexadiene
[no description available]		710cyclohexadiene
2-nonanol
2-nonanol: from purple and yellow passion fruits. nonan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is nonane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.		2.0510nonanol;
secondary alcohol		bacterial metabolite;
flavouring agent;
pheromone;
plant metabolite;
rat metabolite;
volatile oil component
docosane
docosane : A straight-chain alkane with 22 carbon atoms.		2.0110long-chain alkaneplant metabolite
Berberine chloride (TN)
[no description available]		2.0710organic molecular entity
tridecanoic acid
tridecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of tridecanoic acid.. tridecanoic acid : A C13 straight-chain saturated fatty acid.		2.3920long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		plant metabolite
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		2.4320cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
nonadecanoic acid
nonadecanoic acid : A C19 straight-chain fatty acid of plant or bacterial origin. An intermediate in the biodegradation of n-icosane, it has been shown to inhibit cancer growth.		2.4820long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		fungal metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.		2.472017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
isosorbide
Isosorbide: 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma.		3.711organic molecular entity
2-piperidone
2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.0510delta-lactam;
piperidones		EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor
methylnitrosourea
Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.		2.6930N-nitrosoureasalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
mutagen;
teratogenic agent
sterculic acid
sterculic acid: structure. sterculic acid : A long-chain, monounsaturated fatty acid composed of 9-octadecenoic acid having a 9,10-cyclopropenyl group.		2.0810cyclopropenyl fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
monounsaturated fatty acid
2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole
2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole: structure in first source. 2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenol : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazole substituted by a 2-hydroxyphenyl group at position 2.		2.08101,3-benzoxazoles;
phenols		geroprotector
cyclopentenone
2-cyclopenten-1-one : An enone that is cyclopentanone having a C=C double bond at position 2.		2.9440alicyclic ketone;
enone		Hsp70 inducer
1-methylpyridinium
1-methylpyridinium: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0110methylpyridines
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		3.2960pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
rhodamine 6g
rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl		2.0210
pentadecanoic acid
pentadecanoic acid: in serum as a marker for intake of milk fat. pentadecanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing fifteen-carbon atoms.		4.3541long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
plant metabolite
ethambutol
Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.		2.4820ethanolamines;
ethylenediamine derivative		antitubercular agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
tetradecyltrimethylammonium
tetradecyltrimethylammonium: cationic surfactant; used to determine thermal stability of DNA; Catrimox-14 is the tradename of the oxalate; Catrimox-14 lyses cells and simultaneously precipitates RNA and was demonstrated useful in isolating RNA from whole blood		2.6730
durapatite
Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).		2.9240
potassium hydroxide
potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH		2.9840alkali metal hydroxide
sodium hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.3110alkali metal hydroxide
zinc oxide
Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.		2.4320zinc molecular entity
monolaurin
monolaurin: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified monolaurin locant. 1-monolauroylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride with dodecanoyl (lauroyl) as the acyl group.. rac-1-monolauroylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-lauroyl-sn-glycerol and 3-lauroyl-sn-glycerol		2.4201-monoglyceride;
dodecanoate ester;
rac-1-monoacylglycerol
beta-pinene
beta-pinene: alpha-pinene is also available. beta-pinene : An isomer of pinene with an exocyclic double bond. It is a component of essential oils from many plants.		2.4620pineneplant metabolite
vancomycin
Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.		7.7530glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		14.4922013alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
tocopherols
[no description available]		5.09400
diphenyldiselenide
diphenyldiselenide: structure given in first source		2.0810
9,10-epoxystearic acid
9,10-epoxystearic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure. 9,10-epoxyoctadecanoic acid : An epoxy fatty acid consisting of octadecanoic (stearic) acid with a single epoxide located between positions 9 and 10.		3.3510epoxystearic acidhuman metabolite
ethyldimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide
Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide: Carbodiimide cross-linking reagent.		2.0510
paraquat
Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.		2.0210organic cationgeroprotector;
herbicide
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate
Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.5220tertiary amine
2-tert-butylhydroquinone
2-tert-butylhydroquinone: an anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive agent. 2-tert-butylhydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group.		2.9640hydroquinonesfood antioxidant
amiloride
Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.		2.9140aromatic amine;
guanidines;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		diuretic;
sodium channel blocker
aminocarb
aminocarb: structure. aminocarb : A carbamate ester that is phenyl methylcarbamate substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4 and a methyl group at position 3.		210carbamate ester;
toluenes		acaricide;
agrochemical;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
molluscicide
betamethasone valerate
Betamethasone Valerate: The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.. betamethasone valerate : A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.		8.391111beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
diallyl disulfide
diallyl disulfide: major constituent of garlic oil. diallyl disulfide : An organic disulfide where the organic group specified is allyl. It has been isolated from garlic and other species of the genus Allium.		3.5320organic disulfideantifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
menthol
(+-)-menthol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-menthol. Both (+-)- and (-)-menthol are used to relieve symptoms of conditions such as bronchitis and sinusitis. When applied to the skin, menthol dilates the blood vessels, giving a sensation of coldness followed by an analgesic effect that relieves itching. It is therefore used in creams and ointments for the relief of pruritis and urticaria.. (-)-menthol : A p-menthan-3-ol which has (1R,2S,5R)-stereochemistry. It is the most common naturally occurring enantiomer.		2.0210p-menthan-3-olantipruritic drug;
antispasmodic drug;
antitussive
gamma-dodecalactone
gamma-dodecalactone: structure in first source. gamma-dodecalactone : A gamma-lactone that is oxolan-2-one substituted by an octyl group at position 5.		2.6620gamma-lactonebacterial metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
volatile oil component
fluorescein
Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.		6.8532-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
heneicosanoic acid
henicosanoic acid : A long-chain fatty acid that is henicosane in which one of the methyl groups has been oxidised to give the corresponding carboxylic acid.		2.0510long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid
tricosanoic acid
tricosanoic acid : A very long-chain fatty acid that is tricosane in which one of the methyl groups has been oxidised to the corresponding carboxylic acid.		2.0510straight-chain saturated fatty acid;
very long-chain fatty acid		Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
fucose
Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.		2.110fucopyranose;
L-fucose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
trichloroepoxypropane
Trichloroepoxypropane: A potent epoxide hydrase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitor. It enhances the tumor-initiating ability of certain carcinogens.		1.9910
methional
[no description available]		2.110aliphatic sulfideprostaglandin antagonist
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: structure given in first source		1.9810primary alcohol
pronarcon
pronarcon: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.0110barbiturates
sabinene
sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.		3.5780thujeneplant metabolite
1-octen-3-ol
1-octen-3-ol: main flavor component of mushrooms; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; bait for insect vectors (tsetse, sandflies, mosquitoes). oct-1-en-3-ol : An alkenyl alcohol with a structure based on a C8 unbranched chain with the hydroxy group at C-2 and unsaturation at C-1-C-2. It is a major volatile compound present in many mushrooms and fungi.		3.4570alkenyl alcohol;
medium-chain fatty alcohol		antimicrobial agent;
fungal metabolite;
insect attractant;
volatile oil component
improsan
improsan: synonyms NSC-102627, alkylating agent 864 & yoshi 864 refer to HCl; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0110organosulfonic ester
mannose
mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.		2.6320D-aldohexose;
D-mannose;
mannopyranose		metabolite
dithiothreitol
1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.		3.51801,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol;
butanediols;
dithiol;
glycol;
thiol		chelator;
human metabolite;
reducing agent
iproclozide
iproclozide: structure		2.0110aromatic ether
ecdysone
[no description available]		1.971014alpha-hydroxy steroid;
22-hydroxy steroid;
25-hydroxy steroid;
2beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-sterol;
6-oxo steroid;
ecdysteroid		prohormone
dimethyl trisulfide
[no description available]		2.110organic trisulfide
streptomycin
[no description available]		2.0710antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine
Butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine: A substituted carcinogenic nitrosamine.. N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine : A nitrosamine that has butyl and 4-hydroxybutyl substituents. In mice, it causes high-grade, invasive cancers in the urinary bladder, but not in any other tissues.		2.420nitrosamine;
primary alcohol		carcinogenic agent
2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane
2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane: structure in first source. 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane : A branched alkane that is nonane carrying seven methyl substituents at positions 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 8 and 8.		1.9810alkane
trimetazidine
Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.		1.9910aromatic amine
iodinated glycerol
iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant		1.9810dioxolane
isostearate
16-methylheptadecanoic acid : A methyl-branched fatty acid that is heptadecanoic acid (margaric acid) substituted by a methyl group at position 16.		1.9810branched-chain saturated fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
methyl-branched fatty acid
limonene
Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.		3.5320cycloalkene;
p-menthadiene		human metabolite
olsalazine
olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.		1.9810azobenzenes;
dicarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
aminopentamide
aminopentamide: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.0110diarylmethane
n-methylaspartate
N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.		2.730amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid;
D-aspartic acid derivative;
secondary amino compound		neurotransmitter agent
manganese
Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.		3.1250elemental manganese;
manganese group element atom		Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient
molybdenum
Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.		2.0310chromium group element atommicronutrient
palladium
Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.		1.9310metal allergen;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
platinum
Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.		2.0510elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
rhodium
Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.		7.0210cobalt group element atom
ruthenium
Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.		1.9710iron group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.		4.11150copper group element atom;
elemental silver		Escherichia coli metabolite
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		7.7530titanium group element atom
argon
Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.		2.1710monoatomic argon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom		food packaging gas;
neuroprotective agent
cadmium
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.		8.2860cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom
cerium
Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.		2.0110f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
chromium
Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.		210chromium group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
gadolinium
Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		2.420f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		2.9840copper group element atom;
elemental gold
vanadium
Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.		2.6630elemental vanadium;
vanadium group element atom		micronutrient
xenon
Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.		210monoatomic xenon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom
cupric chloride
cupric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. copper(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.		3.3711copper molecular entity;
inorganic chloride		EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
mercuric chloride
Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.		1.9910mercury coordination entitysensitiser
acetylglucosamine
Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.		2.3920N-acetyl-D-glucosamineepitope
galactosamine
2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.		2.3820D-galactosamine;
primary amino compound		toxin
sodium nitrate
sodium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.		2.2510inorganic nitrate salt;
inorganic sodium salt		fertilizer;
NMR chemical shift reference compound
hypochlorous acid
Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.		3.5280chlorine oxoacid;
reactive oxygen species		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
thionyl chloride
thionyl chloride: methylating agent; structure given in first source. thionyl chloride : A sulfinyl halide in which both of the halide atoms are chorines.		2.110chlorine molecular entity;
sulfinyl halide
ferrous sulfate
ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.		3.8340iron molecular entity;
metal sulfate		reducing agent
sodium pyrophosphate
sodium pyrophosphate: RN refers to diphosphoric acid, tetra-Na salt; structure. sodium diphosphate : An inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations. More commonly known as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt.		210inorganic sodium saltchelator;
food emulsifier;
food thickening agent
bromine
Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.		2.3620diatomic bromine
zinc sulfate
Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.		4.0731metal sulfate;
zinc molecular entity		fertilizer
chromic acid
[no description available]		2.0110chromium oxoacidoxidising agent
chromates
Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.		2.0110chromium oxoanion;
divalent inorganic anion		oxidising agent
copper sulfate
Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.		3.150metal sulfateemetic;
fertilizer;
sensitiser
silver nitrate
Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.		2.6830inorganic nitrate salt;
silver salt		astringent
deuterium
Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.		6.43401dihydrogen
nitrous acid
Nitrous Acid: Nitrous acid (HNO2). A weak acid that exists only in solution. It can form water-soluble nitrites and stable esters. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		210nitrogen oxoacid
silver iodide
silver iodide: RN given refers to silver iodide [1:1]		2.110
deuterium oxide
Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.		3.1350deuterated compound;
water		NMR solvent
glycerol 1-stearate
glycerol 1-stearate: isolated from the young fronds of the bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum; structure in first source. rac-1-monostearoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol composed of equal amounts of 3-stearoyl-sn-glycerol and 1-stearoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monostearoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has stearoyl as the acyl group.		2.02101-acylglycerol 18:0;
rac-1-monoacylglycerol		algal metabolite;
Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite
poloxalene
Poloxalene: A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.. pluronic : A triblock copolymer composed of a central hydrophobic chain of poly(propylene oxide) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of poly(ethylene oxide).		1.9710epoxide
ozone
Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.		8.2360elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity;
reactive oxygen species;
triatomic oxygen		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
electrophilic reagent;
greenhouse gas;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
tracer
sodium selenite
disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.		2.420inorganic sodium salt;
selenite salt		nutraceutical
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan
4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group.		2.0410benzoxadiazole;
C-nitro compound;
organochlorine compound		EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor;
fluorescent probe;
fluorochrome
trolamine salicylate
Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		1.9810
chrysotile
Asbestos, Serpentine: A type of asbestos that occurs in nature as the dihydrate of magnesium silicate. It exists in two forms: antigorite, a plated variety, and chrysotile, a fibrous variety. The latter makes up 95% of all asbestos products. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p.893)		1.9710
ammonium chloride
Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.		1.9310ammonium salt;
inorganic chloride		ferroptosis inhibitor
ethionine
L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.		1.9310S-ethylhomocysteineantimetabolite;
carcinogenic agent
benzo(a)pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol
benzo(a)pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.3820pyrenes
sodium selenate
sodium selenate : An inorganic sodium salt having selenate as the counterion.		2.9510inorganic sodium saltanticonvulsant;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
fertilizer
titanium dioxide
titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.		7.7530titanium oxidesfood colouring
menthone
menthone : The trans-stereoisomer of p-menthan-3-one.. (-)-menthone : A menthone that is cyclohexanone substituted by a methyl and an isopropyl group at positions 5 and 2 respectively (the 2S,5R-stereoisomer).		2.0210menthone
salen
disalicylaldehyde ethylenediamine: reagents for determination of iron		2.0110
tiletamine hydrochloride
Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.		2.6930
phytanic acid
Phytanic Acid: A 20-carbon branched chain fatty acid. In phytanic acid storage disease (REFSUM DISEASE) this lipid may comprise as much as 30% of the total fatty acids of the plasma. This is due to a phytanic acid alpha-hydroxylase deficiency.. phytanic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid consisting of hexadecanoic acid carrying methyl substituents at positions 3, 7, 11 and 15.		7.7330branched-chain saturated fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
methyl-branched fatty acid
ferric nitrilotriacetate
ferric nitrilotriacetate: induces diabetes in animals (iron loading)		2.6930iron chelatecarcinogenic agent;
mutagen
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		5.92330acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
fluorides
[no description available]		2.3620halide anion;
monoatomic fluorine
tomatine
alpha-tomatine: in tomato fruits and vegetative plant tissues; structure in first source		3.1110alkaloid antibiotic;
glycoalkaloid;
glycoside;
steroid alkaloid;
tetrasaccharide derivative		antifungal agent;
immunological adjuvant;
phytotoxin
benomyl
[no description available]		2.0110aromatic amide;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		acaricide;
anthelminthic drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
1-deoxynojirimycin
1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.		3.36112-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol;
piperidine alkaloid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
iodine
[no description available]		2.110halide anion;
monoatomic iodine		human metabolite
razoxane
Razoxane: An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties.		210N-alkylpiperazine
phosphotyrosine
Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.		1.9810L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O(4)-phosphotyrosine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
immunogen
alclofenac
alclofenac: was heading 1975-94 (was see under PHENYLACETATES 1975-90); use PHENYLACETATES to search ALCLOFENAC 1975-94; an anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; acts also as an analgesic and an antipyretic. alclofenac : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen links an allyl group to the 4-position of (3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid.A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the UK market in 1979 due to concerns with its association with vasculitis and rash.		2.0110aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		5.28540benzenes;
phenyl acetates
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous
tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.		5.4741chloride salt;
organic chloride salt		antiseptic drug;
surfactant
4-ethylphenol
4-ethylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-ethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying an ethyl substituent at position 4.		1.9610phenolsfungal xenobiotic metabolite
4-anisaldehyde
4-anisaldehyde: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for methoxy moieties; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #696. p-methoxybenzaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes consisting of benzaldehyde itself carrying a methoxy substituent at position 4.		2.0710benzaldehydesbacterial metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
insect repellent;
plant metabolite
ethyl hexanoate
ethyl hexanoate : A fatty acid ethyl ester obtained by the formal condensation of hexanoic acid with ethanol.		2.3110fatty acid ethyl ester;
hexanoate ester		metabolite
pyrrolidine
[no description available]		2.0110azacycloalkane;
pyrrolidines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
nonanal
nonanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of nonanoic acid. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism.		2.520medium-chain fatty aldehyde;
n-alkanal;
saturated fatty aldehyde		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
tetradecanal
tetradecanal : A long-chain fatty aldehyde that is tetradecane in which two hydrogens attached to a terminal carbon are replaced by an oxo group. It is found in coriander.		2.05102,3-saturated fatty aldehyde;
long-chain fatty aldehyde		bacterial metabolite;
plant metabolite
ursodeoxycholic acid
Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		3.3711bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
butylated hydroxytoluene
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.		2.0510phenolsantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
food additive;
geroprotector
pyrene
pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.		2.0310ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenefluorescent probe;
persistent organic pollutant
4-methoxyamphetamine
4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation		2.0210
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate
8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.		3.09503',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
adenyl ribonucleotide;
organobromine compound		antidepressant;
protein kinase agonist
carticaine
Carticaine: A thiophene-containing local anesthetic pharmacologically similar to MEPIVACAINE.		2.0110thiophenecarboxylic acid
6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid
6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid: major metabolite of nabumetone; inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). (6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of 2-naphthylacetic acid having a methoxy substituent at the 6-position. The active metabolite of the prodrug nabumetone.		2.0210methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
xenobiotic metabolite
transferrin
Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.		4140
n-methyl-n-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide
N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide : An N-silyl compound that is N-methyltrifluoroacetamide in which the amide nitrogen is replaced by a trimethylsilyl group. N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide is a derivatisation agent used in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry applications.		1.9910monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-silyl compound;
trifluoroacetamide		chromatographic reagent
9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene
9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9710
androstane-3,17-diol
Androstane-3,17-diol: The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion.		2.131017-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid
alkenes
[no description available]		3.4170
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		4.98110glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
azoxymethane
Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.		3.3970
amoscanate
amoscanate: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. amoscanate : An isothiocyanate that is phenyl isothiocyanate in which the hydrogen at the para- position has been replaced by a 4-nitroanilinyl group.		2.0110C-nitro compound;
isothiocyanate;
secondary amino compound		schistosomicide drug
torpedo
Torpedo: A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays.		2.4120
sodium azide
Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).		2.9240inorganic sodium saltantibacterial agent;
explosive;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mutagen
azides
Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.		2.6830pseudohalide anionmitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		2.0110penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
norflurazone
norflurazone: structure. norflurazon : A pyridazinone that is pyridazin-3(2H)-one which is substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by m-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, chloro, and methylamino groups, respectively. A pre-emergence herbicide used to control grasses and broad-leafed weeds in a variety of crops. Not approved for use within the European Union.		1.9610(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
organochlorine compound;
pyridazinone;
secondary amino compound		agrochemical;
carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor;
herbicide
eterobarb
[no description available]		2.0110barbiturates
vanadyl sulfate
[no description available]		1.9710metal sulfate;
vanadium coordination entity
ferrozine
Ferrozine: A ferroin compound that forms a stable magenta-colored solution with the ferrous ion. The complex has an absorption peak at 562 nm and is used as a reagent and indicator for iron.		2.7230
4-vinyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
4-vinyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol: isolated from canola oil; structure in first source		2.4110methoxybenzenes;
phenols
3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at position 3 and 4 on each phenyl group are replaced by chlorines.		2.4220dichlorobenzene;
tetrachlorobiphenyl
4-ipomeanol
4-ipomeanol: lung-toxic furanoterpenoid produced in moldy sweet potatoes in response to fungus infection; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		1.9910aromatic ketone
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		8.4970taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
promegestone
Promegestone: A synthetic progestin which is useful for the study of progestin distribution and progestin tissue receptors, as it is not bound by transcortin and binds to progesterone receptors with a higher association constant than progesterone.. promegestone : A progestin consisting of 17beta-propionylestra-4,9-dien-3-one substituted at position 17 by a methyl group.		1.971020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid		antineoplastic agent;
progesterone receptor agonist;
progestin
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		2.42201-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
adinazolam
adinazolam: structure in first source. adinazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a dimethylaminomethyl group at the 1-position, a phenyl group at the 6-position and a chloro substituent at the 8-position.		2.0110triazolobenzodiazepineanticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
sedative
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate
Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.		2.3920butyrate ester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
bezafibrate
[no description available]		8.3970aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
sq-11725
Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.		3.3911
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.01105-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.		7.110pyridinium ionapoptosis inducer;
herbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
neurotoxin
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.		2.4420alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid
[no description available]		4.34190chromanol;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger;
Wnt signalling inhibitor
dh 990
DH 990: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		1.9610
diisopropanolnitrosamine
diisopropanolnitrosamine: experimental carcinogen. N,N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine : A nitrosamine that is dipropylamine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a nitroso group. It is a genotoxic carcinogen, targeting the lung, liver, thyroid, and kidney.		210diol;
nitrosamine;
secondary alcohol		carcinogenic agent
enkephalin, methionine
Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.		1.9710
dihydroalprenolol
Dihydroalprenolol: Hydrogenated alprenolol derivative where the extra hydrogens are often tritiated. This radiolabeled form of ALPRENOLOL, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is used to label the beta-adrenergic receptor for isolation and study.		2.3920
nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine
nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine: structure. nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine : A nitrosamine that is iminodiacetone that is substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom. It induces pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas in Syrian golden hamsters (other rodents are not susceptible).		2.6930ketone;
nitrosamine		carcinogenic agent
captopril
Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.		1.9810alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
progabide
progabide: GABA agonist; structure		2.0110diarylmethane
lidamidine
lidamidine: synonym WHR-1142A refers to HCl; structure		2.0110ureas
bw-755c
4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine: A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.		2.3720
colforsin
Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.		4.4770acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist
piroctone olamine
piroctone olamine: 2(1H)-pyridinone, 1-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)- combined with 2-aminoethanol; used to treat pityriasis; structure given in first source. piroctone olamine : An organoammonium salt that is the ethanolamine salt of piroctone.		8.811
fomesafen
fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.		1.9710aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
organofluorine compound;
phenols		agrochemical;
EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor;
herbicide
acifran
acifran: structure given in first source		2.0110
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		8.6390delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline
2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline: mutagen found in broiled food; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source; frequently abbreviated as IQ in the literature. 3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinolin-2-amine : An imidazoquinoline that is 3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and an amino group at position 2.		3.0950imidazoquinolinecarcinogenic agent
n-nitrosobis(2-oxobutyl)amine
N-nitrosobis(2-oxobutyl)amine: structure given in first source		210
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		4.3860delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
idazoxan
Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.		2.0710benzodioxine;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist
pravastatin
Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		4.33223-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
carbobicyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
xenobiotic
mifepristone
Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.		1.97103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive
fura-2
Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.		2.730
adapalene
Adapalene: A naphthalene derivative that has specificity for RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS. It is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT for the treatment of ACNE.. adapalene : A naphthoic acid that is CD437 in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to its methyl ether.		2.610adamantanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
naphthoic acid		dermatologic drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
loxiglumide
loxiglumide: cholecystokinin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source		2.0210organic molecular entity
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.		7.1510methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tiagabine
Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.		2.0110beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid;
tertiary amino compound;
thiophenes		anticonvulsant;
GABA reuptake inhibitor
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		7.5320organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
atorvastatin
[no description available]		4.9621aromatic amide;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrroles;
statin (synthetic)		environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
irinotecan
[no description available]		2.6320carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
pobilukast
pobilukast: a leukotriene receptor antagonist; an antiasthmatic agent; structure in first source; RN refers to (R-(R*,S*)-isomer		1.9710
darglitazone
[no description available]		210
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		2.6730adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
n-butyllithium
[no description available]		2.0810
octyl gallate
[no description available]		3.3510gallate esterfood antioxidant;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
sudan black b
Sudan black B : A member of the class of perimidines that is 2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidine carrying a [4-(phenyldiazenyl)naphthalen-1-yl]diazenyl substituent at position 6. A fat-soluble dye predominantly used for demonstrating triglycerides in frozen sections and for staining of protein bound lipids in paraffin sections.		210azobenzenes;
bis(azo) compound;
perimidines		histological dye
1-octen-3-one
1-octen-3-one: structure in first source		3.1110olefinic compound
3-n-butylphthalide
3-n-butylphthalide: isolated from phenolic part of Ligusticum wallichii Franch; structure given in first source		2.1310benzofurans
pyranine
pyranine: structure		1.9910organic sodium saltfluorochrome
d-lactic acid
(R)-lactic acid : An optically active form of lactic acid having (R)-configuration.		2.01102-hydroxypropanoic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
potassium superoxide
[no description available]		1.9810
vanadates
Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.		2.8940trivalent inorganic anion;
vanadium oxoanion		EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
ruthenium chloride (rucl3)
ruthenium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		2.0710
benzylaminopurine
benzylaminopurine: a plant growth regulator. N-benzyladenine : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a benzyl group.		2.11106-aminopurinescytokinin;
plant metabolite
4-vinylphenol
4-vinylphenol: RN given refers to cpd with locants as specified. 4-hydroxystyrene : A member of the class of phenols that is styrene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4.		3.1110phenolshuman urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
caloreen
caloreen: glucose polymer with average length of five glucose units for dietary energy supplement. dextrin : Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha(1->4) or alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds.		3.0610
heptenophos
heptenophos: structure		2.0110organochlorine compound;
organophosphate insecticide;
trialkyl phosphate		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
trazodone hydrochloride
Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.		4.21170hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
methylprednisolone aceponate
methylprednisolone aceponate: RN given for (6alpha,11beta)-isomer		3.3711corticosteroid hormone
3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl
3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl : A pentachlorobiphenyl in which the chlorines are located at the 3, 4, 5, 3', and 4' positions.		2.420pentachlorobiphenyl;
trichlorobenzene
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		3.79110D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
mevastatin
mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.		2.39202-pyranones;
carboxylic ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		antifungal agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
Penicillium metabolite
ursolic acid
[no description available]		2.4520hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		geroprotector;
plant metabolite
cyclen
cyclen: macrocyclic polyamine metal-complexing agent. 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane : An azacycloalkane that is cyclododecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.		2.110azacycloalkane;
crown amine;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		2.7130organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
thymidine 5'-triphosphate
thymidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dTTP : A thymidine phosphate having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.		1.9910pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
thymidine phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
3-methylhistidine
3-methylhistidine: marker for myofibrillar-protein breakdown; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 3-methylhistidine : A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-3.. N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine : A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine substituted by a methyl group at position 3 on the imidazole ring.		1.9810L-histidine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
zwitterion		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
betulinic acid
[no description available]		2.0110hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
baicalin
[no description available]		2.0710dihydroxyflavone;
glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		antiatherosclerotic agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
allicin
[no description available]		4.3630botanical anti-fungal agent;
sulfoxide		antibacterial agent
epigallocatechin gallate
epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.		4.5570flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
n-acetylaspartic acid
N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid : An N-acyl-L-aspartic acid in which the acyl group is specified as acetyl.		3.2710N-acetyl-L-amino acid;
N-acyl-L-aspartic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
rat metabolite
alpha-terthienyl
[no description available]		2.0610terthiophene
fluorexon
fluorexon: structure		2.0210xanthene dyefluorochrome
cholesteryl succinate
cholesteryl succinate: RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer. cholesteryl hemisuccinate : A dicarboxylic acid monoester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of cholesterol with one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. A detergent that is often used to replace cholesterol in protein crystallography, biochemical studies of proteins, and pharmacology.		2.7130cholestane ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
hemisuccinate		detergent
gallocatechol
gallocatechol: structure give in first source; RN given for (trans-(+-))-omer; inhibits DNA-dependent DNA & RNA polymerases. (+)-gallocatechin : A gallocatechin that has (2R,3S)-configuration. It is found in green tea and bananas.. gallocatechin : A catechin that is a flavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7 (the trans isomer). It is isolated from Acacia mearnsii.		2.4220gallocatechinantioxidant;
metabolite;
radical scavenger
xanthotoxol
8-hydroxyfurocoumarin : A furanocoumarin which bears a hydroxy group at position 8.		2.05108-hydroxyfurocoumarin
25-hydroxycholesterol
[no description available]		2.372025-hydroxy steroid;
oxysterol		human metabolite
10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium
10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium: chemoluminescent probe; RN given refers to dinitrate; Lucigenin refers to dinitrate		2.3720
leucine methyl ester
leucine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L-Leu)-isomer. methyl L-leucinate : The methyl ester of L-leucine.		1.9710alpha-amino acid ester;
L-leucine derivative;
methyl ester
bathocuproine
bathocuproine: reagent for copper; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9910
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid: spelled pyrolidine in J Nutr 1979 reference; RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is the N-dithiocarboxy derivative of pyrrolidine.		2.4320dithiocarbamic acids;
pyrrolidines		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
radical scavenger
peroxynitric acid
[no description available]		210nitrogen oxoacid
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.		2.420glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
12-(9-anthroyl)stearic acid
[no description available]		1.9710
cephalosporin c
cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.		2.4110cephalosporinfungal metabolite
rutecarpine
rutacarpine: from Evodia rutaecarpa; an ingredient in zhuyu hewei zhitong capsules		2.0210beta-carbolines
raxofelast
Raxofelast: prodrug of IRFI-005		210
telmisartan
Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.		7.2510benzimidazoles;
biphenyls;
carboxybiphenyl		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
nicanartine
nicanartine: structure given in first source		1.9910
trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0110aralkylamine
methacycline
[no description available]		2.01101,2-diglyceride
salicylhydroxamic acid
[no description available]		2.3820hydroxamic acid;
phenols		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.11.2.2 (myeloperoxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug
1,7-phenanthroline
[no description available]		2.730phenanthroline
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		2.71301,2,3-triazole
g 29505
G 29505: structure		2.0110methoxybenzenes
pinocembrin
pinocembrin : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea.		2.0710(2S)-flavan-4-one;
dihydroxyflavanone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
vasodilator agent
isopimpinellin
isopimpinellin: from Ruta graveolens & Heracleum lanatum; structure		2.0710psoralens
chavicol
4-allylphenol: an inhibitor of aryl-alcohol oxidase; has free radical scavenging activity. chavicol : A phenylpropanoid that is phenol substituted by a prop-2-enyl group at position 4.		3.1110phenols;
phenylpropanoid
rubrene
[no description available]		2.0510
duroquinone
tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone: structure in first source. duroquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by methyl groups.		2.39201,4-benzoquinones
delphinidin
Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.		1.9310anthocyanidin chloride
sesamol
sesamol: constituent of sesame oil; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		210benzodioxoles
1,2-dithiol-3-thione
1,2-dithiol-3-thione: has antioxidant activity; structure given in first source		2101,2-dithiole
silver
[no description available]		3.7821
ubiquinone-o
2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone: from solid-cultured Antrodia camphorata; structure in first source. ubiquinone-0 : A derivative of benzoquinone carrying a 5-methyl substituent; and methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 3. The core structure of the ubiquinone group of compounds.		1.9910ubiquinonesEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid
3-hydroxyisovaleric acid : A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isovaleric acid substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. Used as indicator of biotin deficiency.		2.03103-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
acefylline
acefylline: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0110oxopurine
2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde
2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde: from African medicinal plants: Mondia whitei (Apocynaceae), Rhus vulagaris (Anacardiaceae), Sclerocarya caffra (Anacardiaceae)		2.0310methoxybenzenes;
phenols
2-hydroxychavicol
2-hydroxychavicol: antimutagen from betel leaf; structure given in first source		3.1110
dipropylacetamide
dipropylacetamide: structure. valpromide : A fatty amide derived from valproic acid.		2.0110fatty amidegeroprotector;
metabolite;
teratogenic agent
cromakalim
Cromakalim: A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)		2.1710
asparkam
Asparkam: Asparkam tablets contain potassium & magnesium aspartate		1.9610
tyloxapol
tyloxapol: non-ionic detergent with surface-active properties; incompatible with metals; surfactant also used in inhalation therapy; N1 is from CA Vol 90 Form Index; N1 in Chemline is same as synonym 8. tyloxapol : A polymeric compound resulting from the reaction of 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol with formaldehyde to give a chain in which 6-8 molecules are linked together by CH2 groups ortho to the phenolic hydroxy groups, which have then undergone reaction with oxirane to give polyoxyethyleneoxy moieties, Ar(OCH2CH2)xOH, where x = 8-10. A nonionic liquic polymer, it inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hence clearance of triglyceride from the plasma, so is used to induce hyperlipidaemia in test animals. Also used as a surfactant to aid liquefaction and removal of mucus- and pus-containing bronchopulmonary secretions.		1.9810
masoprocol
Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.		4.38210nordihydroguaiaretic acidantineoplastic agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite
trichlorosucrose
trichlorosucrose: sweetness intensity roughly 600 times that of sucrose and is nonnutritive and noncaloric; largely unabsorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. sucralose : A disaccharide derivative consisting of 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose and 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranose units linked by a glycosidic bond.		2.1710disaccharide derivative;
organochlorine compound		environmental contaminant;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
aceclofenac
[no description available]		2.4320amino acid;
carboxylic ester;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
amphotalide
[no description available]		2.0110phthalimides
fluoresone
[no description available]		2.0110sulfonamide
2-tetradecylglycidic acid
2-tetradecylglycidic acid: structure		1.9710
alacepril
[no description available]		2.0110dipeptide;
thioacetate ester		EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
avarol
avarol: RN given refers to parent cpd; extract from Dysidea avara(sea sponge)		2.0210
epicatechin
(-)-epicatechin : A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration.		2.4420catechin;
polyphenol		antioxidant
methotrimeprazine
Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.		2.0110phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
tetrahydropalmatine
[no description available]		2.0710an (S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine;
berberine alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		adrenergic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
sesamin
(+)-sesamin : A lignan that consists of tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted by 1,3-benzodioxole groups at positions 1 and 4 (the 1S,3aR,4S,6aR stereoisomer). Isolated from Cinnamomum camphora, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.		8.150benzodioxoles;
furofuran;
lignan		antineoplastic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
lycorine
lycorine: from bulbs of LYCORIS & other plants; RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 beta)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5444. lycorine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.		2.0410indolizidine alkaloidanticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
alantolactone
alantolactone: allergenic sesquiterpene lactone; crystalline mixture of alantolactones from group of sesquiterpenes; structure. alantolactone : A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-2-one bearing two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 8a as well as a methylidene substituent at position 3.		2.0710naphthofuran;
olefinic compound;
sesquiterpene lactone		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
cyclopentenyl cytosine
cyclopentenyl cytosine: inhibits CTP synthetase; used in therapy of colonic neoplasms; structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (1R-(1alpha,4beta,5beta))-isomer		1.9910
(-)-catechin
(-)-catechin : The (-)-enantiomer of catechin.		2.0510catechinmetabolite
nicosulfuron
nicosulfuron: inhibits ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; Accent is DuPont brand name. nicosulfuron : A N-sulfonylurea that is 2-(carbamoylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen.		2.4420N-sulfonylurea;
pyridines;
pyrimidines		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
isoalantolactone
isoalantolactone: RN given refers to (3aR-(3aalpha,4aalpha,8abeta,9aalpha))-isomer; structure. isoalantolactone : A sesquiterpene lactone of the eudesmanolide group. It has been isolated from Inula helenium.		2.0710eudesmane sesquiterpenoid;
sesquiterpene lactone		antifungal agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
strictinin
strictinin: antioxidant from green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L.); structure in first source		2.0210
brusatol
brusatol: quassinoid from B. javanica; structure		7.1710triterpenoid
fangchinoline
[no description available]		2.0210aromatic ether;
bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
macrocycle		anti-HIV-1 agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
agroclavine
agroclavine: structure. agroclavine : An ergot alkaloid that is ergoline which contains a double bond between positions 8 and 9, and which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 6 and 8.		2.0110ergot alkaloid
1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid
1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid: precursor of mutagenic nitroso cpd in soy sauce; structure given in first source		210harmala alkaloid
tryptanthrine
tryptanthrine: minor constituent of traditional Chinese medicine qing dai		2.0210alkaloid antibiotic;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid : A perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid that is octane-1-sulfonic acid in which all seventeen of the hydrogens that are attached to carbons hvae been replaced by fluorines.		2.1510perfluoroalkanesulfonic acidantilipemic drug;
persistent organic pollutant
n-acetylhistidine
N-acetylhistidine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetylhistidine : A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens of the alpha-amino group is substituted by an acetyl group.. N-acetyl-L-histidine : A histidine derivative that is L-histidine having an acetyl substituent on the alpha-nitrogen.		2.0110L-histidine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid;
N-acetylhistidine		animal metabolite
9-oxononanoic acid
9-oxononanoic acid: effects lipogenesis in rat liver. 9-oxononanoic acid : A medium-chain oxo-fatty acid that is the 9-oxo derivative of nonanoic acid.		2.0810aldehydic acid;
medium-chain fatty acid;
omega-oxo fatty acid		EC 6.4.1.2 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) inhibitor
1-hydroxybenzotriazole
1-hydroxybenzotriazole: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9910benzotriazoles
octadecyl palmitate
octadecyl palmitate: found in psoriatic nail, but not in normal nails. stearyl palmitate : A palmitate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of stearyl alcohol.		2.3420hexadecanoate ester;
wax ester		coral metabolite;
cosmetic
6-carboxyfluorescein
6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein		1.9710monocarboxylic acid
benzoyltyrosine ethyl ester
ethyl N-benzoyl-L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosine derivative that is the ethyl ester of N-benzoyltyrosine.		1.9610benzamides;
ethyl ester;
L-tyrosine derivative;
phenols		chromogenic compound
n-(hydroxymethyl)nicotinamide
N-(hydroxymethyl)nicotinamide: structure		2.0110pyridinecarboxamide
4'-methoxyflavone
4'-methoxyflavone: from seeds of Psoralea corylifolia (Fabaceae); structure in first source		2.0510ether;
flavonoids
rosiglitazone
[no description available]		8.97130aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug
n-hydroxysuccinimide
N-hydroxysuccinimide: structure		2.0410
3,7-dimethyl-7-octen-1-ol
Geranium: A plant genus of the family GERANIACEAE. Geranium is also used as a common name for PELARGONIUM.		2.0210
2-bromopalmitate
2-bromopalmitate: inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-bromohexadecanoic acid : A bromo fatty acid that is hexadecanoic (palmitic) acid carrying a single bromo substituent at position 2.		2.69302-bromocarboxylic acid;
bromo fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain fatty acid		fatty acid oxidation inhibitor
bexarotene
[no description available]		2.2110benzoic acids;
naphthalenes;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent
2-(4-toluidino)-6-naphthalenesulfonic acid
2-(4-toluidino)-6-naphthalenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.2510
3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol
3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol: serotonin metabolite; structure		2.7530catechols;
primary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite
biocytin
biocytin : A monocarboxylic acid amide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of biotin with the N(6)-amino group of L-lysine.		2.0210azabicycloalkane;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-lysine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thiabicycloalkane;
ureas		mouse metabolite
clarithromycin
Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.		2.110macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
xenobiotic
hexylphosphonic acid diethyl ester
[no description available]		2.2110
s-methyl benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioate
S-methyl benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioate: induces system acquired resistance in wheat; structure in first source. acibenzolar-S-methyl : A benzothiadiazole that is the S-methyl thioester derivative of acibenzolar. A profungicide (by hydrolysis of the thioester group to give the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as a fungicide and plant activator on a variety of crops, including cotton, chili peppers, lettuce, onions, spinach, tobacco, and tomatoes.		210benzothiadiazole;
thioester		antifungal agrochemical;
plant activator;
profungicide
5-chloroindole
5-chloroindole: a positive allosteric modulator of the 5-HT3 receptor		3.5110
coenzyme a
[no description available]		8.75110adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphatecoenzyme;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
7,8-dihydromethysticin
[no description available]		2.1102-pyranones;
aromatic ether
va 061
VA 061: a water-soluble radical initiator; structure in first source		2.0110
n-acetyltyrosine, (dl)-isomer
N-acetyltyrosine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetyltyrosine : An N-acetyl-amino acid that is tyrosine with an amine hydrogen substituted by an acetyl group.		2.1310N-acetyl-amino acid;
phenols;
tyrosine derivative		human urinary metabolite
mebeverine
gamma-oryzanol: present in rice bran is associated with various physiological functions; RN given refers to gamma-oryzanol		2.7930
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		2.44203-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
nsc-172755
butocin: S-substituted analog of mercaptopurine which functions as a cytostatic agent; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line search 6-MERCAPTOPURINE/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search MERCAPTOPURINE/analogs (75-84)		3.5611
hexyl nicotinate
[no description available]		1.9910
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.		6.0951iditolfungal metabolite
aucubin
[no description available]		2.0710organic molecular entitymetabolite
7-ketocholesterol
7-ketocholesterol: inhibits uptake of cholesterol in rabbit aorta. 7-ketocholesterol : A cholestanoid that consists of cholesterol bearing an oxo substituent at position 7.		4.25503beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
7-oxo steroid;
cholestanoid		neuroprotective agent
2-tyrosine
2-tyrosine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. o-tyrosine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of D- and L-o-tyrosine.. 2-hydroxyphenylalanine : A phenylalanine derivative that is phenylalanine carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 2 on the benzene ring.		3.3911non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
phenols;
phenylalanine derivative
catalpol
[no description available]		2.0710organic molecular entitymetabolite
2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile)
2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile): free radical initiator in liposome systems		3.150
glycidamide
glycidamide: metabolite of acrylamide; structure given in first source		2.0410
3-phenylamino-1,2-propanediol
3-phenylamino-1,2-propanediol: RN from CHEMID		1.9910glycol;
secondary amine
homocysteine
Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.		8.9440amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine;
serine family amino acid		fundamental metabolite;
mouse metabolite
methylglucoside
[no description available]		1.9910
oryzemate
oryzemate: induces disease resistance against rice blast fungus in rice; structure in first source. probenazole : A member of the class of 1,2-benzothiazoles that is 1,2-benzothiazole 1,1-dioxide substituted at position 3 by an allyloxy group. A fungicide used to control rice blast.		2101,2-benzisothiazole;
aromatic ether;
benzothiazole fungicide;
sulfone		antifungal agrochemical;
plant activator
acetylsalicylic acid lysinate
acetylsalicylic acid lysinate: RN given refers to (L)-lysine, unspecified salicylate salt		1.9610
delta-tocopherol
[no description available]		2.8230tocopherol;
vitamin E		food antioxidant;
plant metabolite
gamma-tocopherol
gamma-Tocopherol: A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in BETA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.. gamma-tocopherol : A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.		4.4360tocopherol;
vitamin E		algal metabolite;
food antioxidant;
plant metabolite
nepetalactone
nepetalactone: RN given for (4aS-(4aalpha,7alpha,7aalpha))-isomer; structure in first source. trans-cis-nepetalactone : A cyclopentapyran that is (4aS,7aS)-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran substituted at position 1 by an oxo group and at positions 4 and 7 by methyl groups, respectively (the 4aS,7S,7aS-diastereomer). An iridoid monoterpenoid isolated from several Nepeta plant species. It exhibits potent repellant activity against house dust mites and mosquitoes.		2.0510
totarol
totarol: structure given in first source; isolated from the bark of Podocarpus nagi		2.3920diterpenoidmetabolite
annatto
annatto: coloring matter from seeds of Bixa orellana L., Bixaceae; contains bixin and pigments that give carotene reactions; induces hyperglycemia		2.0110
n(alpha)-acetyllysine
N(alpha)-acetyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. acetyl-L-lysine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of L-lysine.. N(2)-acetyl-L-lysine : An acetyl-L-lysine where the acetyl group is located at the N(2)-posiiton.		2.0110acetyl-L-lysine;
amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite
rac-glycerol 1-monodecanoate
rac-glycerol 1-monodecanoate: a monoglyceride of capric acid. 1-monodecanoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has decanoyl (capryl) as the acyl group.. rac-1-monodecanoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol composed of equal amounts of 3-decanoyl-sn-glycerol and 1-decanoyl-sn-glycerol.		2.0610rac-1-monoacylglycerol
glycidyl nitrate
glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.		2.7220
glycylsarcosine
glycylsarcosine : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with the amino group of sarcosine.		2.0110dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide
quinupramine
quinupramine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310dibenzooxazepine
nsc 153174
NSC 153174: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer		1.9310
cv 6504
CV 6504: structure given in first source		4.0831
stearoyl-coenzyme a
[no description available]		7.061011,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA;
long-chain fatty acyl-CoA		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pyrimidine dimers
Pyrimidine Dimers: Dimers found in DNA chains damaged by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They consist of two adjacent PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES, usually THYMINE nucleotides, in which the pyrimidine residues are covalently joined by a cyclobutane ring. These dimers block DNA REPLICATION.		2.1310
dehydroabietic acid
dehydroabietic acid: major aquatic toxicant in effluent of pulp and paper mills. dehydroabietic acid : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted at position 18 by a carboxy group.. dehydroabietate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of dehydroabietic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.		2.0410abietane diterpenoid;
carbotricyclic compound;
monocarboxylic acid		allergen;
metabolite
7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline
7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline: structure given in first source		3.5110aminoquinoline
glucuronic acid
Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.		2.7430D-glucuronic acidalgal metabolite
2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid
2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid: an ascorbate peroxidase antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid : A member of the class of pyridines that is isonicotinic acid which is substituted by chlorine at positions 2 and 6.		210monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound;
pyridines		EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor
2-bromostearic acid
[no description available]		1.9810
2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-1-hydroxychroman
2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-1-hydroxychroman: a Vitamin E derivative. chromanol : Any member of the class of chromanes that is chromane substituted by one or more hydroxy groups.		1.9910
isosteviol
isosteviol: an antihyperglycemic agent; obtained by acid hydrolysis of stevioside; was indexed to steviol 1985-2007		2.1710diterpenoid
arctiin
arctiin: from fruits of Arctium lappa L; RN given refers to (3R-trans)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/92		2.610glycoside;
lignan
karanjin
karanjin: structure given in first source		2.1110extended flavonoid
1,3-dioctadecanoylglycerol
[no description available]		2.0110
cobalt
Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.		8.2460cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
hydrogen sulfite
[no description available]		2.0510sulfur oxoanionhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
yttrium radioisotopes
Yttrium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.		1.9810
u 73122
1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.		2.4720aromatic ether;
aza-steroid;
maleimides		EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
vitamin b 6
Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.		3.4680
1,4-dihydropyridine
[no description available]		210
sr141716
[no description available]		2.1710amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazoles		anti-obesity agent;
appetite depressant;
CB1 receptor antagonist
u 74006f
tirilazad: a lazaroid; potent inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; has shown excellent activity in in vivo models of experimental central nervous system trauma & ischemia; structure given in first source; tradename Freedox		2.3820corticosteroid hormone
diacetyldichlorofluorescein
diacetyldichlorofluorescein: stable storage form of dichlorofluorescein		210
u 74389f
U 74389F: a 21-aminosteroid antioxidant (lazaroids); inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; structure in first source		210
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1h-imidazole
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1H-imidazole: inhibits platelet aggregation & Ca2+ entry into platelets. SKF-96365 free base : An ether that is 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been substituted by a 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl group.		1.9810ether;
imidazoles;
monomethoxybenzene		TRP channel blocker
laurdan
laurdan: RN from CA Index Guide		210
prolinedithiocarbamate
prolinedithiocarbamate: do not confuse with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate which is also abbreviated PDTC		2.0510
dihydrorhodamine 123
dihydrorhodamine 123: uncharged & nonfluorescent derivative of the laser dye rhodamine 123; flow cytometric indicator for respiratory burst activity in neutrophil granulocytes		2.0210
cyanates
Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).		210
1,n(6)-ethenodeoxyadenosine
[no description available]		2.730purines
thiamethoxam
Thiamethoxam: A nitro-oxazine and thiazole derivative that is used as a broad spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide.. thiamethoxam : An oxadiazane that is tetrahydro-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imine bearing (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively.		2.13101,3-thiazoles;
2-nitroguanidine derivative;
organochlorine compound;
oxadiazane		antifeedant;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
neonicotinoid insectide;
xenobiotic
u 78517f
U 78517F: iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation inhibitor; structure given in first source; RN given is for diHCl		1.9810
22-hydroxycholesterol
[no description available]		1.9710cholanoid
propionylcarnitine
propionylcarnitine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		210O-acylcarnitineanalgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cardiotonic drug;
human metabolite;
peripheral nervous system drug
3,n(4)-ethenodeoxycytidine
[no description available]		2.4220
1,n(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine
1,N(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine: structure & RN given in first source		3.5120carbohydrate derivative;
nucleobase-containing molecular entity
procyanidin
Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.		3.1350proanthocyanidin
epicatechin gallate
epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea. (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida.		2.7330catechin;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
u 74500a
U 74500A: potent inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; has excellent activity in in vivo models of experimental CNS trauma & ischemia; structure given in first source; RN given is for 3,6-bis(diethylamino) cpd; Cancer Lett 1992;64(1):61-6 uses 5,6-bis(diethylamino) cpd for U 74500A		2.3820
parinaric acid
parinaric acid: long-chain polyenoic fatty acid; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. parinaric acid : An octadecatetraenoic acid containing a conjugated system of double bonds at positions 9, 11, 13 and 15.		3.2360octadecatetraenoic acid
dihydrocapsaicin
[no description available]		2.0110capsaicinoid
triptolide
[no description available]		2.0210diterpenoid;
epoxide;
gamma-lactam;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound		antispermatogenic agent;
plant metabolite
proanthocyanidin
proanthocyanidin: RN given refers to proanthocyanidin A; Cannabinoid Receptor CB1 antagonist. proanthocyanidin : A flavonoid oligomer obtained by the the condensation of two or more units of hydroxyflavans.		2.4320
parthenolide
[no description available]		2.0210germacranolide
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.		4.48702-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
hematologic agent;
vasodilator agent
deoxyglucose
Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.		2.6930
5,6-dihydroxyindole
[no description available]		1.9910dihydroxyindolemouse metabolite
2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone
2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone: lignan isolated from urine of humans & other mammals; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in second source		2.4420lignan
valerates
Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.		2.420short-chain fatty acid anion;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		plant metabolite
thromboxanes
thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.		5.67191
chymosin
Chymosin: The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4.		2.4720
ruthenium tetraoxide
ruthenium tetraoxide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd with MF of Ru-O4		1.9710
cucurbitacins
[no description available]		2.031011-oxo steroid
caprylates
Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.		5.58280fatty acid anion 8:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5,6-dihydroxy-2-indolylcarboxylic acid
5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid : A dihydroxyindole that is indole-2-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 6.		1.9910dihydroxyindolemouse metabolite
tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine
tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine: water-soluble reagent which irreversibly reduces disulfides to thiols at room temperature & is active below neutral pH; used for quantitation of iodine and iodate. TCEP : A tertiary phosphine in which phosphane is substituted with three 2-carboxyethyl groups. It is a commonly used reducing agent.		2.1110phosphine derivative;
tricarboxylic acid		reducing agent
parecoxib
parecoxib: structure in first source. parecoxib : An N-acylsulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of valdecoxib with propionic acid. It is a prodrug for valdecoxib.		3.5110isoxazoles;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
emeriamine
emeriamine: derived from fungal metabolite emericedin; structure given in first source		6.9910
12-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid
12-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid: emits radioluminescence when excited by radioactive decay of tritium		1.9710
medica 16
MEDICA 16 : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is hexadecanedioic acid carrying methyl groups at positions 3 and 14. It is a free fatty acid 1 (FFA1/GPR40) receptor agonist and an ATP citrate lyase inhibitor, and exhibits hypolipidemic and antidiabetogenic properties.		2.0110alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidantilipemic drug;
EC 2.3.3.8 (ATP citrate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 6.4.1.2 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) inhibitor;
G-protein-coupled receptor agonist;
hypoglycemic agent
protoporphyrinogen
[no description available]		1.9610porphyrinogensEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phytosphingosine
phytosphingosine: differ with an additional hydroxyl at C-4 & no double bond between C-4 & C-5		2.0710amino alcohol;
sphingoid;
triol		mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dansylsarcosine
[no description available]		2.4120
chlorodimedone
[no description available]		1.9810
florox reagent
Florox Reagent: reagent for analysis of ketosteroids; structure		210
3,7,12-trihydroxycholestan-26-oic acid
3,7,12-trihydroxycholestan-26-oic acid: RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta,7alpha,12alpha)-isomer. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid : A steroid acid that is 5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups as the 3alpha, 7alpha, and 12alpha positions.		1.971012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
steroid acid		human metabolite
phenoxy radical
phenoxy radical : An organic radical generated from phenol.		2.940organic radical
carbene
carbene: electrically neutral species H2C: and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons; carbene is the name of the parent hydride :CH2 ; hence, the name dichlorocarbene for :CCl2. However, names for acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more divalent carbon atoms are derived from the name of the corresponding all-4-hydrocarbon using the suffix -ylidene; methylene carbene also available. carbene : The electrically neutral species H2C(2.) and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons, which may be spin-paired (singlet state) or spin-non-paired (triplet state).		2.0810carbene;
methanediyl
peroxynitrous acid
Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).		2.9340nitrogen oxoacid
2-palmitoylglycerol
2-palmitoylglycerol: increases 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol cannabinoid activity. 2-palmitoylglycerol : A 2-monoglyceride where the acyl group is hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl).		2.11102-acylglycerol 16:0algal metabolite
fullerene c60
Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms.		2.4320fullerenegeroprotector
2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butane-1,4-diol
2,3-bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butane-1,4-diol: lignan isolated from urine of humans & other mammals		2.4420lignan
n(6)-carboxymethyllysine
N(6)-carboxymethyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. N(6)-carboxymethyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative with a carboxymethyl substituent at the N(6)-position.		2.5820L-lysine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antigen
glycerophosphoethanolamine
glycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine: a membrane lipid degradation product		2.0110phosphoethanolamine;
sn-glycerol 3-phosphates
f-chemotactic peptide
F-chemotactic peptide: potent chemoattractant for human neutrophils		1.9710
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.		1.9910dichlorobenzene;
differentiation-inducing factor;
monomethoxybenzene;
resorcinols		eukaryotic metabolite;
signalling molecule
hydroxycitric acid
hydroxycitric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.110carbonyl compound
dodecyloctaethyleneglycol monoether
octaethyleneglycol monododecyl ether : The hydroxypolyether that is octaethylene glycol in which one of the hydroxy groups is substituted by dodecyloxy.		1.9810hydroxypolyether
pristanic acid
pristanic acid : A branched, long-chain saturated fatty acid composed of pentadecanoic acid having methyl substituents at the 2-, 6-, 10- and 14-positions.		2.0610branched-chain saturated fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
methyl-branched fatty acid		human metabolite
27-hydroxycholesterol
(25R)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diol : A 26-hydroxycholesterol in which the 25-position has R-configuration.		2.031026-hydroxycholesterolapoptosis inducer;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid
3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid: structure in first source. 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic acid : A furoic acid that is furan-3-carboxylic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 4, a propyl group at position 5 and a 2-carboxyethyl group at position 2. It is a potent uremic toxin that has been found to accumulate in human serum of patients with chronic kidney diseases.		2.1310dicarboxylic acid;
furoic acid		human metabolite;
uremic toxin
tetrahydrocurcumin
tetrahydrocurcumin : A beta-diketone that is curcumin in which both of the double bonds have been reduced to single bonds.		2.0310beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
polyphenol		metabolite
glucogallin
glucogallin: RN given refers to (D-glucose)-isomer		2.0110
glutamyl-valyl-asparaginyl-phenylalanyl-seryl-prolyl-asparaginyl-tryptophanamide
[no description available]		1.9910
glutamyl-leucyl-threonyl-phenylalanyl-threonyl-prolyl-asparaginyl-tryptophanamide
[no description available]		1.9910
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol		2.420
methotrexate
[no description available]		2.4320dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
8-chloro-4-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,10b-octahydrobenzo(f)quinolin-3(2h)-one
8-chloro-4-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,10b-octahydrobenzo(f)quinolin-3(2H)-one: selective, non-steroidal inhibitor of human steroid 5 alpha-reductase type 1; structure given in first source		2.0310
3,4,5-tri-o-galloylquinic acid
3,4,5-tri-O-galloylquinic acid: DNA polymerase inhibitor; structure given in first source		2.0210
s 20928
[no description available]		2.4120
cyanidin
cyanidin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyanidin cation : An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium substituted at positions 3, 3', 4', 5 and 7 by hydroxy groups.		2.02105-hydroxyanthocyanidinantioxidant;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
rg 6866
RG 6866: structure given in first source		1.9810
bwa 137c
[no description available]		1.9710
omega-n-methylarginine
omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.		210amino acid zwitterion;
arginine derivative;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
13-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
13-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid: RN refers to ((R)-(all-Z))-isomer; structure given in first source		1.9910
15-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid
15-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid: the 15-lipoxygenase product of dihomogammalinolenic acid; inhibits the biosynthesis of the proinflammatory eicosanoids leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid		2.0310
xylose
xylopyranose: structure in first source		2.4420D-xylose
duroquinol
durohydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones that is benzene-1,4-diol carrying four methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 5 and 6.		1.9610hydroquinones;
methylbenzene		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
volatile oil component
phytol
[no description available]		2.4220
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		3.6690amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cucurbitaceae
Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.		3.3360
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.8630secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
1,3-dicapryloylglycerol
1,3-dioctanoylglycerol : A 1,3-diglyceride in which both acyl groups are specified as octanoyl.		2101,3-diglycerideBrassica napus metabolite;
excipient
phorbols
Phorbols: The parent alcohol of the tumor promoting compounds from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium).		1.9610diterpene;
terpenoid fundamental parent
ly 311727
LY 311727: a potent & selective inhibitor of human non-pancreatic secretory phospholipase A2; structure given in first source		2.0110
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		2.4220methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
hydroxyl radical
Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.		5.14440oxygen hydride;
oxygen radical;
reactive oxygen species
camphora
camphora: a component of Guanxingao, a kind of traditional Chinese rubber electuary medicine which is able to either cure or guard against coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. (R)-camphor : The (R)- enantiomer of camphor.		2.4420camphor
rhodioloside
[no description available]		2.0210glycoside
singlet oxygen
Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.		4.04140chalcogen;
monoatomic oxygen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
eritadenine
eritadenine: isolated from Lentinula edodes (Shiitake mushroom); inhibits S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase activity		1.9910
fenton's reagent
Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols		3.1250
tevenel
tevenel: sulfamoyl analog of D-threo-chloramphenicol; structure		2.0110sulfonamide
dihydrosterculic acid
dihydrosterculic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0110
cerous chloride
cerous chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF CeCl3		2.0110cerium coordination entity
fluoracizine
fluoracizine: Russian drug; 2-trifluoromethyl analog of chloracizine; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0110phenothiazines
dihydroguaiaretic acid
dihydroguaiaretic acid: lignan extracted form Larrea divaricata; inhibitory to beef heart mitochondrial succinoxidase & NADH-oxidase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		3.1110
platycodin d
platycodin D: triterpenoid saponin from a root of Platycodon grandiflorum; RN refers to (2beta,3beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.610triterpenoid saponinmetabolite
pyrenedecanoic acid
[no description available]		1.9710
ferric thiocyanate
[no description available]		3.6590
dehydrodieugenol
dehydrodieugenol: structure in first source		2.0110biphenyls
anacardic acid
anacardic acid: isolated from Anacardium occidentale; monophenol monooxygenase inhibitor. anacardic acid : A hydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by a pentadecyl group at position 6. It is a major component of cashew nut shell liquid and exhibits an extensive range of bioactivities.		2.4520hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybenzoic acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
trimethylsilyldiazomethane
trimethylsilyldiazomethane: reagent for organic synthesis		2.4120
farglitazar
farglitazar: a non-thiazolidinedione insulin sensitiser and PPARgamma agonist		2.0210
n-acetyl-n-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine
N-acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine: metabolite of melatonin; structure in first source		2.610aromatic ketone
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		2.8940biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		8.3970amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
campesterol
campesterol: RN refers to (3beta,24R)-isomer; structure		3.56803beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
C28-steroid;
phytosterols		mouse metabolite
3-n-butyl-4,5-dihydrophthalide
3-N-butyl-4,5-dihydrophthalide: from seeds of Apium graveolens Linn.; RN given refers to (-)-isomer; structure given in first source		3.5220
7-hydroxy-5,11-dioxotetranorprostane-1,16-dioic acid
[no description available]		3.5111prostanoid
lignin
Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.		8.1550
sb 203580
[no description available]		2.0410imidazoles;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
4'-o-methylepigallocatechin
4'-methylepigallocatechin: antispasmodic from Maytenus rigida Mart (Celestraceae); structure in first source		2.0210catechinmetabolite
homocysteic acid
homocysteic acid: promotes growth in hypophysectomized rats; RN given refers to parent cpd. homocysteic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid.. L-homocysteic acid : A homocysteic acid with L-configuration.		2.0310homocysteic acidNMDA receptor agonist
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		2.0610divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
limonin
[no description available]		2.0310epoxide;
furans;
hexacyclic triterpenoid;
lactone;
limonoid;
organic heterohexacyclic compound		inhibitor;
metabolite;
volatile oil component
scutellarin
scutellarin: see scutellarein for aglycone. scutellarin : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein.		2.0710glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
trihydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
proteasome inhibitor
ergolide
ergolide: a potent cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactone from Inula sp.; structure given in first source. ergolide : A sesquiterpene lactone that is decahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 4a and 8, a methylidene group at position 3 and an acetyloxy group at position 4. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Inula hupehensis.		2.0210acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
gamma-lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
sesquiterpene lactone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
plant metabolite
aflatoxin b1
Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.		2.0210aflatoxin;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone		carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite
cirsimaritin
cirsimaritin: has antagonist or partial agonist activity on benzodiazepine receptors. cirsimaritin : A dimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4' respectively.		2.0210dihydroxyflavone;
dimethoxyflavone
octadeca-5,8-dienoic acid
octadeca-5,8-dienoic acid: isolated from skin surface lipids of acne patients		2.4220
3-hydroxyterphenyllin
3-hydroxyterphenyllin: metabolite of Aspergillus candidus; structure. 3-hydroxyterphenyllin : A para-terphenyl that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of terphenyllin. It has been isolated from Aspergillus taichungensis.		210catechols;
dimethoxybenzene;
para-terphenyl		Aspergillus metabolite
tetranorprostanedioic acid
tetranorprostanedioic acid: metabolite of prostaglandins		2.6730
cohumulone
cohumulone: do not confuse with the 2,5-cyclohexadiene positional isomer by the same name; structure in first source		2.0710secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone
fe(iii)-edta
Fe(III)-EDTA: iron fortifying agent; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0110iron coordination entity
aspalatone
aspalatone: structure given in first source		210
(-)-gallocatechin gallate
(-)-gallocatechin gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-gallocatechin. A natural product found in found in green tea.		2.0510catechin;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
deferasirox
Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.		2.3110benzoic acids;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols;
triazoles		iron chelator
cholic acid
Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		2.924012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
deoxycholic acid
Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.		2.420bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human blood serum metabolite
estradiol 3-benzoate
17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.		2.61017beta-hydroxy steroid;
benzoate ester		estrogen receptor agonist;
xenoestrogen
cortisone
[no description available]		2.332011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
tenulin
tenulin: toxic constituent of Helenium amarum (bitter sneezeweed); structure		2.0210sesquiterpene lactone
6-octadecynoic acid
6-octadecynoic acid: from the roots of Pentagonia gigantifolia; structure in first source. tariric acid : An octadecynoic acid having its triple bond at position 6.		2.0710octadecynoic acid
3-nitrotyrosine
3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		2.93402-nitrophenols;
C-nitro compound;
nitrotyrosine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.		210arenecarbaldehyde;
furans;
primary alcohol		indicator;
Maillard reaction product
stigmastanol
stigmastanol: saturated analog of beta-sitosterol; RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha)-isomer. stigmastanol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 5alpha-stigmastane which is substituted at the 3beta position by a hydroxy group.		2.47203-hydroxy steroid;
phytosterols		anticholesteremic drug;
plant metabolite
lanosterol
[no description available]		1.961014alpha-methyl steroid;
3beta-sterol;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		bacterial metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-hydroxyestradiol
2-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen; RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer. 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2.		2.071017beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-hydroxy steroid		carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug
anisomycin
Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.		2.4120monohydroxypyrrolidine;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
protein synthesis inhibitor
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		3.4370
lupeol
[no description available]		2.420pentacyclic triterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite
calendula
Calendula: A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain CAROTENOIDS, essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE), flavonoids, mucilage, SAPONINS, and STEROLS. The plants are used both topically and internally. The common name of Marigold is also used for TAGETES.		2.9440
methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate
[no description available]		2.0610catechols;
methyl ester		antioxidant;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
pifithrin mu
2-phenylacetylenesulfonamide: induces p53-independent apoptotic killing of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells; also inhibits Hsp70 and autophagy		2.1310benzenes
10-ketostearic acid
10-ketostearic acid: structure in first source		2.7430long-chain fatty acid
jatrorrhizine chloride
[no description available]		2.0710
colupulone
colupulone: structure given in first source; an antibiotic hops component; induces hepatic cytochrome P-4503A in the mouse. colupulone : A beta-bitter acid in which the acyl group is specified as isobutanoyl.		2.0710beta-bitter acid
sakacin a
sakacin A: from Lactobacillus sake; effective against strains of L. monocytogenes		210aspartic acid derivative
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		2.01101,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
dihydropyridines
Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.		2.4220
leupeptins
Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.		2.4520
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.		2.0310inorganic chloride;
lithium salt		antimanic drug;
geroprotector
s-adenosylhomocysteine
S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine.		2.1510adenosines;
amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine derivative;
homocysteines;
organic sulfide		cofactor;
EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor;
epitope;
fundamental metabolite
glycogen
glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.		3.6190
arabinose
[no description available]		2.0710L-arabinoseEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
n-acetylneuraminic acid
N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.		2.3720N-acetylneuraminic acidsantioxidant;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
bradykinin
[no description available]		3.2360oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent
amylopectin
Amylopectin: A highly branched glucan in starch.. amylopectin : A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues.		2.4110
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		9.3141D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
elastin
[no description available]		2.2510oligopeptide
carnosine
polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth		8.7830amino acid zwitterion;
dipeptide		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
mevalonic acid
Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.		3.58903,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
naringenin
(S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.		2.9740(2S)-flavan-4-one;
naringenin		expectorant;
plant metabolite
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		3.5380heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
pantetheine
Pantetheine: An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms.. pantetheine : An amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of pantothenic acid and the amino group of cysteamine.		2.3820pantetheines;
thiol		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.		2.9540myo-inositol trisphosphatemouse metabolite
ouabain
Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.		4.455111alpha-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid hormone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
plant metabolite
casein hydrolysate
casein hydrolysate: an ingredient of trypticase soy broth; casitone is a tryptic digest of casein		2.110
taxifolin
(+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.		2.0510taxifolinmetabolite
tartaric acid
tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.		210tartaric acidEscherichia coli metabolite
pentostatin
Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.		1.9810coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
mannosamine
mannosamine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. D-mannosamine : The D-enantiomer of mannosamine.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-mannopyranose : A D-mannosamine in cyclic pyranose form.		2.3920D-mannosamine
cholesteryl glucoside
cholesteryl glucoside: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0510monosaccharide derivative;
sterol 3-beta-D-glucoside
inositol 3-phosphate
inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer		2.2510
dehydroascorbic acid
Dehydroascorbic Acid: The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion.. L-dehydroascorbate : An organic anion and the conjugate base of L-dehydroascorbic acid, arising from deprotonation of the acidic C2-position.. L-dehydroascorbic acid : Dehydroascorbic acid having the L-configuration.		1.9610dehydroascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
mouse metabolite
arbutin
hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.0110beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
cellulase
Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.		2.4520cellotriose
monensin
Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.		9.5251cyclic hemiketal;
monocarboxylic acid;
polyether antibiotic;
spiroketal		antifungal agent;
coccidiostat;
ionophore
miglitol
[no description available]		3.3611piperidines
mometasone furoate
Mometasone Furoate: A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders.		3.591111beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-furoate ester;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
organochlorine compound;
steroid ester		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
ryanodine
Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.		1.9710
silychristin
silychristin : A flavonolignan isolated from Silybum marianum and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activities against lipoxygenase and prostaglandin synthetase.		2.05101-benzofurans;
aromatic ether;
flavonolignan;
polyphenol;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
prostaglandin antagonist;
radical scavenger
pulegone
pulegone: component of peppermint oil; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Merck. (+)-pulegone : The (5R)-enantiomer of p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one.		2.0210p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one
gingerol
gingerol: an active ingredient in GINGER along with SHOGAOL. a nonvolatile methoxy phenyl decanone. gingerol : A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger.		210beta-hydroxy ketone;
guaiacols		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
lignans
Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		4.83100
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.		5.16111tripeptide
epiafzelechin
epiafzelechin: antioxidant; 3'-deoxy form of epicatechin; structure in first source. (-)-epiafzelechin : A catechin derivative having (2R,3R)-configuration.		2.0210catechinplant metabolite
petunidin-3-glucoside
[no description available]		2.0110anthocyanin cation;
aromatic ether;
beta-D-glucoside		antioxidant;
metabolite
malvidin-3-glucoside
malvidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : An anthocyanin cation consisting of malvidin having a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 3-hydroxy position.		2.0110anthocyanin cation;
aromatic ether;
beta-D-glucoside		metabolite
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		3.360cyclodextrin
e-z cinnamic acid
cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid		2.7930cinnamic acidplant metabolite
ergosterol
[no description available]		8.861103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
ergostanoid;
phytosterols		fungal metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		4.6361retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		21.3699439icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
alpha-cyclodextrin
alpha-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of six alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.		2.0110cyclodextrin
fumaric acid
fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters. fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		2.1110butenedioic acidfood acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		3.77100resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		10.17454retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
cyanoginosin lr
cyanoginosin LR: cyclic heptapeptide from cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. microcystin-LR : A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl,L-arginyl, 2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. Produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, it is the most studied of the microcystins.		2.1110microcystinbacterial metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
docosahexaenoate
efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.		5.85110docosahexaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
palmitoleic acid
hexadecenoate : A long-chain unsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of hexadecenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		9.26811hexadec-9-enoic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		19.61,12157octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
ferulic acid
ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.		5.15100ferulic acidsanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
pectins
Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.		3.2660D-galactopyranuronic acid
1,5-dihydro-fad
1,5-dihydro-FAD: chromophore component of E coli DNA photolyase		2.0510flavin adenine dinucleotideEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
(3R,5S)-fluvastatin
(3R,5S)-fluvastatin : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which the stereocentres beta- and delta- to the carboxy group have R and S configuration, respectively. The drug fluvastatin is an equimolar mixture of this compound and its enantiomer.		3.5110(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid;
statin (synthetic)
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		2.0710benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.		18.6930034icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
thapsigargin
Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.		3.1550butyrate ester;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
sesquiterpene lactone		calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		2.31102-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
xenobiotic
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		8.4511
gw 6471
GW 6471: a PPARalpha antagonist; structure in first source		2.1510
lycopene
[no description available]		3.4670acyclic caroteneantioxidant;
plant metabolite
fosfomycin
Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.		2.0110epoxide;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax
Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.		4.4511macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
2-butenal
crotonaldehyde : An enal consisting of propene having a formyl group at the 1-position.		3.8230enal
y 27632
Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme.		2.0710aromatic amide
prostaglandin d2
Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).		4.250prostaglandins Dhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
h 89
N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		2.1510N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
decitabine
[no description available]		2.49202'-deoxyribonucleoside
pantethine
pantethine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. pantethine : An organic disulfide that consists of two molecules of pantothenic acid linked by amide bonds to a cysteamine disulfide bridging group.		2.3820organic disulfidecoenzyme;
nutraceutical
iridoids
Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).		7.7130
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		1.9810actinomycinmutagen
gamma-sitosterol
clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.		4.111503beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
phytosterols		marine metabolite;
plant metabolite
azaserine
Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.		2.6730carboxylic ester;
diazo compound;
L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antifungal agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
glutamine antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
enkephalin, leucine
Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.		1.9710pentapeptide;
peptide zwitterion		analgesic;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
rat metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.		2.4520amino aldehyde;
carbamate ester;
tripeptide		proteasome inhibitor
kazinol b
kazinol B: a natural isoprenylated flavan		2.0210
riboflavin
vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).		8.2760flavin;
vitamin B2		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fundamental metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
lisofylline
lisofylline: metabolite of pentoxifylline; structure given in first source. (R)-lisofylline : A 1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione that has (R)-configuration. A synthetic small molecule which was under development for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.		7.99401-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dioneanti-inflammatory agent;
immunomodulator
sodium bicarbonate
Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.		2.6830one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antacid;
food anticaking agent
4,5-epoxy-2-decenal
4,5-epoxy-2-decenal: structure given in first source		210enal
cholestane-3,5,6-triol
cholestane-3,5,6-triol: structure; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.6830
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.		2.9402-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
methyl indole-3-carboxylate
methyl indole-3-carboxylate : The methyl ester of indole-3-carboxylic acid.		3.5110indoles;
methyl ester		metabolite
3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrroline-1-yloxyl
[no description available]		2.4320
alpha-asarone
asarone: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #847. asarone : A phenylpropanoid that is benzene substituted by methoxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 4 and a propen-1-yl group at position 5. It has been isolated from Acorus.. alpha-asarone : The trans-isomer of asarone.		2.0810asaroneanticonvulsant;
GABA modulator
cinnamaldehyde
3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.		2.76303-phenylprop-2-enal;
cinnamaldehydes		antifungal agent;
EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
sensitiser;
vasodilator agent
elaidic acid
[no description available]		7.99303octadec-9-enoic acidfood component
trans-4-coumaric acid
hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.		3.15504-coumaric acidfood component;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
dimethyl fumarate
[no description available]		210diester;
enoate ester;
methyl ester		antipsoriatic;
immunomodulator
glycosides
[no description available]		3.6390
sinapinic acid
sinapinic acid: a matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption technique for protein MW determination; a constituent of propolis. trans-sinapic acid : A sinapic acid in which the double bond has trans-configuration.		3.820sinapic acidMALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
isomethyleugenol
Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		4.37200isomethyleugenol
citral
citral: Xref geranial: geraniol is also available; Xref neral: nerol is also available; vitamin A antagonist; oxygenated monoterpene; inhibits cytosolic dehydrogenases; structure. citral : An enal that consists of octa-2,6-dienal bearing methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7. A mixture of the two geometric isomers geranial and neral, it is the major constituent (75-85%) of oil of lemon grass, the volatile oil of Cymbopogon citratus, or of C. flexuosus. It also occurs in oils of verbena, lemon, and orange.		2.4420enal;
monoterpenoid;
polyprenal		plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
retinol acetate
retinol acetate: structure given in first source		1.9710acetate ester
squalene
Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate		4.2170triterpenehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.		3.6890stilbene
phenyl-n-tert-butylnitrone
phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone: a spin-trapping agent		2.420
Methylenedioxycinnamic acid
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxycinnamic acid
sorbic acid
Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.		1.9610alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
sorbic acid
ricinoleic acid
ricinoleic acid: RN given refers to (R-(Z))-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8005. ricinoleic acid : A (9Z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid in which the 12-hydroxy group has R-configuration..		3.77110(9Z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid
flavin-adenine dinucleotide
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)		2.4820flavin adenine dinucleotide;
vitamin B2		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prosthetic group
cannabidiol
Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.		2.4820olefinic compound;
phytocannabinoid;
resorcinols		antimicrobial agent;
plant metabolite
malonyl coenzyme a
Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.		3.0750malonyl-CoAsEC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
arginine vasopressin
Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.		2.8940vasopressincardiovascular drug;
hematologic agent;
mitogen
pyrophosphate
Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.		2.6430diphosphate ion
palmitoyl coenzyme a
Palmitoyl Coenzyme A: A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.. palmitoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the thiol group of coenzyme A.		3.095011,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA;
3-substituted propionyl-CoA;
long-chain fatty acyl-CoA;
palmitoyl bioconjugate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
gw9662
2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide: pretreatment of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors with GW9662 results in the irreversible loss of ligand binding		2.9640benzamides
amygdalin
[no description available]		2.3110
polidocanol
Polidocanol: An alkyl polyglycol ether of LAURYL ALCOHOL, chemically defined as an alcohol ethoxylate having an average alkyl chain of 12–14 carbon atoms, and an ethylene oxide chain of 9 ethylene oxide units. It is used as a detergent, and medically as a local anesthetic, and as a sclerosing agent for the treatment of ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES and VARICOSE VEINS.. polidocanol : A hydroxypolyether that is nonaethylene glycol in which one of the terminal hydroxy functions is substituted by a lauryl (dodecyl) group.		1.9910hydroxypolyetherhepatotoxic agent;
nonionic surfactant;
sclerotherapy agent
sodium metabisulfite
sodium metabisulfite: request from searcher; RN given refers to disulfurous acid, di-Na salt. sodium disulfite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and disulfite ions in a 2:1 ratio.		2.3920inorganic sodium saltfood antioxidant
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		1.9710pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
nsc 4347
NSC 4347: structure in first source		2.7630
arachin
[no description available]		2.0710
sesquiterpenes
[no description available]		3.4370
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.		2.0410catechols;
polyphenol;
resorcinols;
stilbenol		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
cinromide
[no description available]		2.0110cinnamamides;
secondary carboxamide
caffeic acid
trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.		5.19110caffeic acidgeroprotector;
mouse metabolite
pongamol
pongamol: from Pongamia pinnata fruits; structure in first source		2.1110
isoferulic acid
isoferulic acid: isomer of ferulic acid; structure. isoferulic acid : A ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 3 respectively on the phenyl ring.		2.0710ferulic acidsantioxidant;
biomarker;
metabolite
flunarizine
Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.		2.0110diarylmethane
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		3.92120aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
benztropine
Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.		2.0110diarylmethane
nootkatone
nootkatone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source. (+)-nootkatone : A sesquiterpenoid that is 4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2(3H)-one which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4 and 4a, and by an isopropenyl group at position 6 (the 4R,4aS,6R stereoisomer).		2.110carbobicyclic compound;
enone;
sesquiterpenoid		fragrance;
insect repellent;
plant metabolite
thiouracil
Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.		1.9310nucleobase analogue;
thiocarbonyl compound		antithyroid drug;
metabolite
sulindac
Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.		210monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		analgesic;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.		8.5380capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
oxazolone
Oxazolone: Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent.		2.0110
caryophyllene oxide
caryophyllene oxide: has butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity; structure in first source. epoxide : Any cyclic ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a 3-membered ring.		2.0510epoxidemetabolite
chlorogenic acid
caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		3.1450cinnamate ester;
tannin		food component;
plant metabolite
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		1.96102-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
thiobarbituric acid
thiobarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-thiobarbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur.		3.71100barbituratesallergen;
reagent
thiourea
Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.		2.6830one-carbon compound;
thioureas;
ureas		antioxidant;
chromophore
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		4.5570cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
thioacetamide
Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.		6.9310thiocarboxamidehepatotoxic agent
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		2.3720cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
capsazepine
capsazepine: modified capsaicin molecule; a capsaicin receptor antagonist. capsazepine : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist.		2.0310benzazepine;
catechols;
monochlorobenzenes;
thioureas		capsaicin receptor antagonist
fumonisin b1
fumonisin B1: isolated from Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting activity; inhibits ceramide synthase. fumonisin B1 : A diester that results from the condensation of the 1-carboxy groups of two molecules of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid with hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 of (2S,3S,5R,10R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,5,10,14,15-pentol.		2.9640diester;
fumonisin;
primary amino compound;
triol		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite
sodium taurodeoxycholate
Taurodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.. taurodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.. taurodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurodeoxycholic acid.		2.0310bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite
nadp
[no description available]		4.22180
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)		7.951320
t 0070907
T 0070907: a PPARgamma antagonist; structure in first source		2.0410carbonyl compound;
organohalogen compound
fusidic acid
Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.		1.981011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
steroid acid;
steroid antibiotic;
sterol ester		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
lincomycin
Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.		8.3911carbohydrate-containing antibiotic;
L-proline derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
S-glycosyl compound		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
valinomycin
Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.		1.9710cyclodepsipeptide;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
antiviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
ranitidine
Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.		2.3920C-nitro compound;
furans;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
H2-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
u 0126
U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0510aryl sulfide;
dinitrile;
enamine;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
osteogenesis regulator;
vasoconstrictor agent
laccase
Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.		1.9910
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.		3.7630alkali metal atom
albutoin
albutoin: structure		2.0110organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
cobaltous chloride
cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.		2.0210cobalt salt;
inorganic chloride		allergen;
calcium channel blocker;
sensitiser;
two-colour indicator
nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.		3.150nitrogen oxide
adrafinil
[no description available]		2.0110diarylmethane
orlistat
Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.		2.4110beta-lactone;
carboxylic ester;
formamides;
L-leucine derivative		anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
loreclezole
loreclezole: RN given for Z-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/90		210
quinine
[no description available]		2.4420cinchona alkaloidantimalarial;
muscle relaxant;
non-narcotic analgesic
tauro-24,25-dihydrofusidate
tauro-24,25-dihydrofusidate: affects nasal absorption of insulin in sheep		1.9810
9-diazomethylanthracene
9-diazomethylanthracene: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index		1.9710
cystine
[no description available]		3.0610
safingol
safingol: RN given refers to the (R-(R*,S*))-isomer		2.0510amino alcohol
cytellin
cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982		4.34190
salinomycin
salinomycin: from Streptomyces albus; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.2510polyketide;
spiroketal		animal growth promotant;
potassium ionophore
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		5.11101
sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.		9.13160organic sodium saltdetergent;
protein denaturant
4-nitrocatechol
4-nitrocatechol : A member of the class of catechols that is benzene-1,2-diol substituted by a nitro group at position 4.It is the by-product of the hydroxylation of p-nitrophenol.		1.9610C-nitro compound;
catechols		human xenobiotic metabolite;
lipoxygenase inhibitor
crocin
crocin: a free radical scavenger		710
mtt formazan
MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes		1.9910
l 663536
MK-886: orally active leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor. 3-[3-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid : A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.		2.9340aryl sulfide;
indoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist
fg 9041
FG 9041: structure given in first source		2.0210quinoxaline derivative
alpha-chymotrypsin
Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.		3.1250
17-ketosteroids
17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.. 17-oxo steroid : Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17.		2.0310
sodium borohydride
sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310inorganic sodium salt;
metal tetrahydridoborate
hydroxyethylcellulose
hydroxyethylcellulose: component of contact lens wetting solutions; aldiamed is an artificial saliva; RN given refers to parent cpd. hydroxyethylcellulose : A polysaccharide derivative that is cellulose in which hydroxyethyl groups are bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers.		2.1310
digitoxigenin
Digitoxigenin: 3 beta,14-Dihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digitoxin. Synonyms: Cerberigenin; Echujetin; Evonogenin; Thevetigenin.. digitoxigenin : A 5beta-cardenolide that is 5beta-cardanolide with hydroxy substituents at the 3beta- and 14beta-positions and double bond unsaturation at C(20)-C(22).		2.131014beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid
1-cyclohexyl-3-dodecylurea
[no description available]		2.0210
2-mercaptoacetate
2-mercaptoacetate: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.110monocarboxylic acid anion
dimethyl maleate
dimethyl maleate: structure. dimethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with methanol. It is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.		1.9910diester;
maleate ester;
methyl ester
fraxetin
fraxetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is 6-methoxycoumarin in which the hydrogens at positions 7 and 8 have been replaced by hydroxy groups.		2.0210aromatic ether;
hydroxycoumarin		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
apoptosis inhibitor;
Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
hypoglycemic agent
farnesoic acid
farnesoic acid : A methyl-branched, trienoic fatty acid consisting of dodeca-2,6,10-trienoic acid having three methyl substituents at the 3-, 7- and 11-positions.. (2E,6E)-farnesoic acid : A farnesoic acid in which the double bonds at positions 2 and 6 both have E-configuration.		2.0110farnesoic acidanimal metabolite
sphingosine
sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.		3.72100sphing-4-eninehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
quercetin
[no description available]		4.452107-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
bilirubin
[no description available]		6.3791biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		11.47947prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		8.34344monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
coniferin
coniferin : A monosaccharide derivative that is coniferol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.0210aromatic ether;
cinnamyl alcohol beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative		plant metabolite
biochanin a
[no description available]		2.05104'-methoxyisoflavones;
7-hydroxyisoflavones		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
formononetin
[no description available]		2.05104'-methoxyisoflavones;
7-hydroxyisoflavones		phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
leukotriene a4
Leukotriene A4: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta(1E,3E,5Z,8Z)))-3-(1,3,5,8-Tetradecatetraenyl)oxiranebutanoic acid. An unstable allylic epoxide, formed from the immediate precursor 5-HPETE via the stereospecific removal of a proton at C-10 and dehydration. Its biological actions are determined primarily by its metabolites, i.e., LEUKOTRIENE B4 and cysteinyl-leukotrienes. Alternatively, leukotriene A4 is converted into LEUKOTRIENE C4 by glutathione-S-transferase or into 5,6-di-HETE by the epoxide-hydrolase. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene A4 : A leukotriene that is the (5S,6S)-epoxy derivative of (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid.		2.5220epoxy fatty acid;
leukotriene;
long-chain fatty acid;
oxylipin;
polyunsaturated fatty acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
12-oxophytodienoic acid
12-oxophytodienoic acid: structure given in first source; a jasmonate precursor that induces phytoalexin synthesis		3.5720carbocyclic fatty acid;
olefinic fatty acid;
oxo carboxylic acid
acacetin
5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin.		2.0510dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		anticonvulsant;
plant metabolite
apigenin
Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.		3.0340trihydroxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
luteolin
[no description available]		2.44203'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		2.9140D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
quercitrin
[no description available]		2.0510alpha-L-rhamnoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glycoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antileishmanial agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical
vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.		4.1650
beta carotene
beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.		10.941252carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		antioxidant;
biological pigment;
cofactor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
leukotriene b4
Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.		8.16313dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
leukotriene;
long-chain fatty acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasoconstrictor agent
leukotriene c4
Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.		2.0110leukotrienebronchoconstrictor agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
thromboxane a2
Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.		4.9791epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
thromboxanes A		mouse metabolite
retinol palmitate
retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.		3.8640all-trans-retinyl ester;
retinyl palmitate		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
coniferaldehyde
coniferaldehyde: from aqueous extract of Senra incana. coniferyl aldehyde : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is cinnamaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.		2.0110cinnamaldehydes;
guaiacols;
phenylpropanoid		antifungal agent;
plant metabolite
daphnetin
[no description available]		2.0210hydroxycoumarin
8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid
8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid: A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.. all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid : An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14.		12.64894fatty acid 20:3;
long-chain fatty acid		fungal metabolite;
human metabolite;
nutraceutical
vitamin k1 hydroquinone
vitamin K1 hydroquinone: metabolite of vitamin K1 & vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide		1.9610naphthohydroquinone;
polyprenylhydroquinone
rumenic acid
9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoic acid : An octadeca-9,11-dienoic acid having 9-cis,11-trans-stereochemistry.		5.0391octadeca-9,11-dienoic acid
furylfuramide
Furylfuramide: Used formerly as antimicrobial food additive. It causes mutations in many cell cultures and may be carcinogenic.. (Z)-2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide : A member of the class of acrylamides that is acrylamide which is substituted at positions 2 and 3 by 2-furyl and 5-nitro-2-furyl groups, respectively (the trans isomer). Formerly used as a food preservative, it was withdrawn from the market following suspicions of carcenogenicity.		2.0210acrylamides;
C-nitro compound;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
primary carboxamide
15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin e2
15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin E2: RN given refers to (5Z,11alpha)-isomer; structure in first source. 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin E2 : The 13,14-dihydro derivative of 15-oxo-prostaglandin E2.		1.9710prostaglandins E
15-ketoprostaglandin e2
15-ketoprostaglandin E2: metabolite of PGE2; RN given refers to (5Z,11alpha,13E)-isomer		2.0310prostaglandins E
alprostadil
[no description available]		8.53152prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid
15(S)-HETE : An optically active form of 15-HETE having 15(S)-configuration..		2.0510(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-15-HETEhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
5(S)-HETE : A HETE having a (5S)-hydroxy group and (6E)-, (8Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.. 5-HETE : A HETE having a 5-hydroxy group and (6E)-, (8Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.		3.690HETEhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
vitamin d 2
Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.		4.1160hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-ergostane;
vitamin D		bone density conservation agent;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
rodenticide
stigmasterol
stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions.		3.47703beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
phytosterols;
stigmastane sterol		plant metabolite
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		5.1631D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
quercetin 3-o-glucopyranoside
quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside: structure in first source. quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells		2.0210beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antipruritic drug;
bone density conservation agent;
geroprotector;
histamine antagonist;
osteogenesis regulator;
plant metabolite
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		3.1450disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
kaempferol
[no description available]		2.99407-hydroxyflavonol;
flavonols;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
prostaglandin a2
prostaglandin A2: RN given refers to (5Z,13E,15S)-isomer		2.0310prostaglandins Ahuman metabolite
9-deoxy-delta-9-prostaglandin d2
9-deoxy-delta-9-prostaglandin D2: has potent antineoplastic & weak smooth muscle contracting activities; structure given in first source. prostaglandin J2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins J that consists of prosta-5,9,13-trien-1-oic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 11 and a hydroxy group at position 15 (the 5Z,13E,15S stereoisomer).		2.0110prostaglandins Jhuman metabolite
15-ketoprostaglandin f2alpha
[no description available]		2.0210prostaglandins Falpha
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.		6.68213prostaglandins Falphahuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
11-dehydro-thromboxane b2
11-dehydro-thromboxane B2: structure given in first source. 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 : A thromboxane obtained by formal oxidation of the hemiacetal hydroxy function of thromboxane B2.		3.7821thromboxanehuman metabolite
arachidonic acid omega-9 hydroperoxide
12-HPETE: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; 12-HPETE may be used inconsistently in literature as synonym for cpds with various tetraene-locants; caused dose-dependent constriction of cat coronary arteries. 12(S)-HPETE : The (S)-enantiomer of 12-HPETE.		2.4120HPETEmouse metabolite
zeaxanthin
Zeaxanthins: Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.		2.7230carotenolantioxidant;
bacterial metabolite;
cofactor
lipoxin a4
lipoxin A4: an antifibrolytic agent; structure given in first source; a role in ASPIRIN antiinflammatory activity. lipoxin A4 : A C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds.		2.830hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
lipoxin;
long-chain fatty acid		human metabolite;
metabolite
gamma-linolenic acid
gamma-Linolenic Acid: An omega-6 fatty acid produced in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. It is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). gamma-linolenic acid : A C18, omega-6 acid fatty acid comprising a linolenic acid having cis- double bonds at positions 6, 9 and 12.		14.8112615linolenic acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
alpha-linolenic acid
linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.		21.8184864linolenic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
prostaglandin f1
prostaglandin F1: was EN to PROSTAGLANDINS F (75-81); RN given refers to (9 alpha,11 alpha,13E,15S)-isomer		3.7921prostaglandins Falphahuman metabolite
genistein
[no description available]		3.29607-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		3.0550antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
pulmicort
Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.		3.842111beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic acetal;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
drug allergen
erucic acid
[no description available]		4.6280docosenoic acid
nervonic acid
(15Z)-tetracosenoic acid : A tetracosenoic acid having a cis-double bond at position 15.		3.82110tetracosenoic acid
petroselinic acid
petroselinic acid: isomer of oleic acid in parsley seeds; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; NM refers to (Z)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6974. petroselinic acid : The cis-isomer of octadec-6-enoic acid, a long-chain fatty acid.		2.3920octadec-6-enoic acidplant metabolite
cyclobenzaprine
punicic acid: a conjugated linolenic acid. (9Z,11E,13Z)-octadecatrienoic acid : A 9,11,13-octadecatrienoic acid having its double bonds in cis, trans and cis configurations, respectively. It has been isolated from pomegranate (Punica granatum).		2.25109,11,13-octadecatrienoic acidantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
11-octadecenoic acid
11-octadecenoic acid: vaccenic acid is the (E)-isomer. trans-vaccenic acid : The trans- isomer of vaccenic acid.		13.86342vaccenic acid
jasmonic acid
jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring.		5.76150oxo monocarboxylic acidjasmonates;
plant metabolite
2-hexenal, z-isomer
2-hexenal: product of lipid peroxidation in the rat liver; a green odor chemical; do not confuse with the hexabarbital synonym, hexenal; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-hexenal : A hexenal having the double bond at the 2-position.. (2E)-hexenal : A 2-hexenal in which the olefinic double bond has E configuration. It occurs naturally in a wide range of fruits, vegetables, and spices.		3.57202-hexenalantibacterial agent;
flavouring agent;
plant metabolite
astaxanthine
astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.		2.5420carotenol;
carotenone		animal metabolite;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
food colouring;
plant metabolite
lutein
Lutein: A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.. xanthophyll : A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes.		3.2760carotenolfood colouring;
plant metabolite
torularhodin
[no description available]		3.2310
torulene
torulene : A carotene that is beta,psi-carotene which has been been dehydrogenated to introduce an (E)-double bond at the 3'-4' position.		3.2310carotene;
polyene
cucurbitacin b
[no description available]		2.0310cucurbitacin;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
nsc 106399
cucurbitacin E: RN refers to (9beta,10alpha,16alpha,23E)-isomer; structure given in first source. cucurbitacin E : A cucurbitacin in which a lanostane skeleton is multi-substituted with hydroxy, methyl and oxo substituents, with unsaturation at positions 1, 5 and 23.		2.0310cucurbitacin;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
brassicasterol
brassicasterol : An 3beta-sterol that is (22E)-ergosta-5,22-diene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3beta. It is a phytosterol found in marine algae, fish, and rapeseed oil.		2.25103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
ergostanoid;
phytosterols		algal metabolite;
animal metabolite;
biomarker;
EC 1.3.1.72 (Delta(24)-sterol reductase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
marine metabolite;
plant metabolite;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
geranylgeraniol
(E,E,E)-geranylgeraniol : A geranylgeraniol in which all four double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		1.9910geranylgeraniol
genistin
genistin: glycoside of soy bean isoflavone, gentistein		2.05107-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside
esculetin
esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure. esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light.		3.9950hydroxycoumarinantioxidant;
plant metabolite;
ultraviolet filter
costunolide
[no description available]		2.4520germacranolide;
heterobicyclic compound		anthelminthic drug;
antiinfective agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antiviral drug;
metabolite
humulene
humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.		3.1650alpha-humulene
oleuropein
oleuropein: iridoid isolated from leaves and fruit of Olea and Ligustrum (Oleaceae). oleuropein : A secoiridoid glycoside that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the anomeric hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside and the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2S,3E,4S stereoisomer). The most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars.		2.0510beta-D-glucoside;
catechols;
diester;
methyl ester;
pyrans;
secoiridoid glycoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
baicalein
[no description available]		2.0710trihydroxyflavoneangiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hormone antagonist;
plant metabolite;
prostaglandin antagonist;
radical scavenger
chrysin
chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.		2.05107-hydroxyflavonol;
dihydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
galangin
5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source. galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells.		2.02107-hydroxyflavonol;
trihydroxyflavone		antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
3-methylquercetin
isorhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group.		2.5207-hydroxyflavonol;
monomethoxyflavone;
tetrahydroxyflavone		anticoagulant;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
metabolite
morin
morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.		2.06107-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
morusin
morusin: from Morus root bark; structure given in first source. morusin : An extended flavonoid that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 2' and 4', a prenyl group at position 3 and a 2,2-dimethyl pyran group across positions 7 and 8.		2.0210extended flavonoid;
trihydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
patuletin
patuletin: structure given in first source; inhibits aldose reductase in rat lens. patuletin : A trimethoxyflavone that is quercetagetin methylated at position 6.		2.0610flavonols;
monomethoxyflavone;
pentahydroxyflavone		analgesic;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite
wogonin
wogonin: structure in first source. wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8.		2.4520dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
plant metabolite
daidzein
[no description available]		2.05107-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
Pinosylvin methyl ether
[no description available]		3.1110stilbenoid
pterostilbene
[no description available]		2.4110diether;
methoxybenzenes;
stilbenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
hypoglycemic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
neurotransmitter;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
caffeic acid phenethyl ester
phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.		4.2450alkyl caffeate esteranti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
rosmarinic acid
rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.		3.1550rosmarinic acidgeroprotector;
plant metabolite
acteoside
acteoside: a protein kinase C inhibitor with hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and analgesic activities; a phenylethanoid glycoside related to isoacteoside; from leaves of Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae). acteoside : A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid.		1.9810catechols;
cinnamate ester;
disaccharide derivative;
glycoside;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antileishmanial agent;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
ellagic acid
[no description available]		2.110catechols;
cyclic ketone;
lactone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol		antioxidant;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
ginkgolic acid
[no description available]		1.9910hydroxybenzoic acid
soraphen a
[no description available]		2.0610cyclic hemiketal;
ether;
macrolide;
olefinic compound		bacterial metabolite;
EC 6.4.1.2 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) inhibitor;
teratogenic agent
prostaglandin a1
[no description available]		3.5110prostaglandins A
coenzyme q10
coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.		3.5320ubiquinonesantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite
anandamide
anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.		3.3960endocannabinoid;
N-acylethanolamine 20:4		human blood serum metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
cerulenin
Cerulenin: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.. cerulenin : An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.		2.3820epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
rhoifolin
rhoifolin: from many plants. apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside : An apigenin derivative having an alpha-(1->2)-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety attached to the 7-hydroxy group.		2.0210dihydroxyflavone;
glycosyloxyflavone;
neohesperidoside		metabolite
ethyl linoleate
ethyl linoleate : A long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of linoleic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol.		2.8740long-chain fatty acid ethyl esteranti-inflammatory agent;
plant metabolite
gemeprost
gemeprost: used for preoperative dilation of cervix before surgical abortion; RN given refers to (2E,11alpha,13E,15R)-isomer		2.0110aliphatic alcohol
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha
8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.		4.0350F2-isoprostanebiomarker;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
homo-gamma-linolenylethanolamide
homo-gamma-linolenylethanolamide: found in brain; binds to the cannabinoid receptor; RN given for (Z,Z,Z)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.2110N-acylethanolamine 20:3
glyceryl 2-arachidonate
glyceryl 2-arachidonate: binds to cannabinoid receptors; structure in first source. 2-arachidonoylglycerol : An endocannabinoid and an endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). It is an ester formed from omega-6-arachidonic acid and glycerol.		2.77302-acylglycerol 20:4;
endocannabinoid		human metabolite
tocotrienol, alpha
alpha-tocotrienol : A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, 7 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. It has been found in palm oil derived from Elaeis guineensis.		2.0310tocotrienol;
vitamin E		ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
4-hydroxyestradiol
4-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen. 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 4.		2.07104-hydroxy steroidmetabolite
isotretinoin
Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.		3.7721retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
teratogenic agent
pitavastatin
pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.		3.5110cyclopropanes;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
quinolines;
statin (synthetic)		antioxidant
2-decenoic acid
2-decenoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. decenoic acid : Any C10 monounsaturated fatty acid having a double bond in the carbon backbone.. trans-2-decenoic acid : A 2-decenoic acid having its double bond in the trans configuration. It is an intermediate metabolite in the fatty acid synthesis.. 2-decenoic acid : A decenoic acid having its double bond in position 2.		2.31102-decenoic acidhuman metabolite
cis-vaccenic acid
cis-vaccenic acid: isomer of oleic acid. vaccenic acid : An octadecenoic acid having a double bond at position 11; and which can occur in cis- or trans- configurations.. cis-vaccenic acid : The cis isomer of vaccenic acid.		2.8940vaccenic acid
12-octadecenoic acid
12-octadecenoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		7.7230long-chain fatty acid
9,11-linoleic acid
9,11-linoleic acid: a conjugated dienoic linoleate (CLA); RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation in Chemline. (9E,11E)-octadecadienoic acid : An octadeca-9,11-dienoic acid having 9-trans,11-trans-stereochemistry.		7.88192octadeca-9,11-dienoic acidanti-inflammatory agent;
antiatherogenic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
human metabolite
trans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid
(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid : An octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid having (10E,12Z)-configuration.		5.0391octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid
10,12-octadecadienoic acid
10,12-octadecadienoic acid: a conjugated dienoic linoleate (CLA); structure given in first source		2.4420lipid
9-hydroperoxy-11,12-octadecadienoic acid
9-hydroperoxy-11,12-octadecadienoic acid: RN refers to (E,E)-isomer		4140hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
octadecadienoic acid
9-hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid
9-hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid: RN given refers to unspecified stereoisomer. 9-HODE : A HODE that consists of (10E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid with the hydroxy substituent located at position 9.		6.13301HODE;
octadecadienoic acid		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid
13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid: chemorepellant factor which maintains blood vessel wall thromboresistance; RN given refers to unspecified stereoisomer		10.92942octadecadienoic acid
9,10-dihydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid
9,10-dihydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid: structure in first source. 9,10-DiHOME : A DiHOME obtained by formal dihydroxylation of the 9,10-double bond of octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid (the 12Z-geoisomer).		3.8330long-chain fatty acid
9,10,13-trihydroxy-11-octadecenoic acid
9,10,13-trihydroxy-11-octadecenoic acid: structure in first source. 9,10,13-TriHOME : A TriHOME that is (11E)-octadec-11-enoic acid in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 9, 10 and 13.		2.2510long-chain fatty acid;
monounsaturated fatty acid;
straight-chain fatty acid;
TriHOME		human blood serum metabolite
9,12,13-trihydroxy-10-octadecenoic acid
9,12,13-trihydroxy-10-octadecenoic acid: from roots & stem of Glycyrrhiza glabara; antistress compound; RN refers to (E)-isomer. 9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadec-10-enoic acid : A TriHOME that is octadec-10-enoic acid in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 9, 12 and 13.		2.0710
9-oxo-10,12-octadecadienoic acid
9-oxo-10,12-octadecadienoic acid: structure given in first source. 9-oxo-10E,12E-ODE : An oxooctadecadienoic acid that consists of 10E,12E-octadecadienoic acid with the oxo substituent located at position 9.		2.4320enone;
oxooctadecadienoic acid		metabolite
13-oxo-9,11-octadecadienoic acid
13-oxo-9,11-octadecadienoic acid: found in biological membranes oxygenated by the reticulocyte lipoxygenase. 13-oxo-9,11-octadecadienoic acid : An oxooctadecadienoic acid that is 9,11-octadecadienoic acid in which the oxo group is located at position 13.. 13-oxo-9E,11E-ODE : An oxooctadecadienoic acid that consists of 9E,11E-octadecadienoic acid with the oxo substituent located at position 13.		3.256013-oxo-9,11-octadecadienoic acid;
oxo fatty acid		metabolite
12,13-epoxy-9-octadecenoic acid
12,13-epoxy-9-octadecenoic acid: structure in first source		3.150long-chain fatty acid
9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate
9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoic acid: toxic metabolite of leukocytes; causes cardiac failure in dogs; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		4.1950medium-chain fatty acid
15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin f2alpha
15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2alpha: main metabolite of PGF2alpha in plasma after allergen provoked asthma; RN given refers to (5Z,9alpha,11alpha)-isomer; structure. 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha obtained by formal oxidation of the 15-hydroxy group and hydrogenation of the 13,14-double bond of prostaglandin F2alpha.		4.3241ketone;
prostaglandins Falpha		metabolite
prostaglandin i3
[no description available]		1.9710prostanoid
2,3-dinor-6-ketoprostaglandin f1alpha
2,3-dinor-6-ketoprostaglandin F1alpha: formed from 6-keto-PGF1alpha by Mycobacterium rhodochrous; RN given refers to (1R-(1alph,2beta(1E,3S*)))-isomer; structure given in first source. 2,3-dinor-6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostanoid that is prostaglandin F1alpha lacking two methylenes in the carboxyalkyl chain and bearing an oxo group at the 6-position.		2.38204-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
prostanoid;
secondary alcohol		metabolite
thromboxane b2
Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.		9.1447thromboxanes Bhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2,3-dinor-thromboxane b2
[no description available]		4.0631thromboxane
14,15-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid
(5Z,8Z,11Z)-14,15-dihydroxyicosatrienoic acid : A DHET obtained by formal dihydroxylation across the 14,15-double bond of arachidonic acid.		2.0110DHET;
diol;
secondary allylic alcohol		mouse metabolite
20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid: stimulator of renal sodium, potassium atpase; RN given is for the (all-Z) isomer. 20-HETE : A HETE that consists of arachidonic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 20.		2.4120HETE;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide
arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide: 5-HPETE is used inconsistently in literature as syn for cpds with various tetraene locants; RN given refers to (6,8,11,14)-isomer; RN in CA Vol 91 Form Index for (E,Z,Z,Z)-isomer: 70968-82-0; RN for (5,8,11,13)-isomer: 71133-12-5; in Merck, arachidonic acid is the (5,8,11,14)-isomer. 5-HPETE : A HPETE that consists of (6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid in which the hydroperoxy group is located at position 5.		3.0950HPETEhuman xenobiotic metabolite
2-heptenal
2-heptenal: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. hept-2-enal : An enal consisting of hept-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position.. (E)-hept-2-enal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is (2E)-hept-2-ene which is carrying an oxo group at position 1. Found in the peel of Malaysian pink and white pomelo peel and in the scent gland secretion of the rice stink bug Oebalus pugnax.		2.0710enal;
medium-chain fatty aldehyde;
monounsaturated fatty aldehyde		plant metabolite;
uremic toxin
2-nonenal, (trans)-isomer
2-nonenal: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. non-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position.. (E)-non-2-enal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is (2E)-non-2-ene which is carrying an oxo group at position 1.		2.0510enal;
medium-chain fatty aldehyde;
monounsaturated fatty aldehyde		plant metabolite
3-nonenal
3-nonenal: RN refers to (3Z)-isomer; structure given in first source		210fatty aldehyde
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		10.181504-hydroxynon-2-enal;
4-hydroxynonenal
(2e)-decenal
(2E)-decenal: structure in first source. (2E)-dec-2-enal : A dec-2-enal in which the olefinic double bond has E configuration.		2.03102-decenalalarm pheromone;
mutagen;
nematicide
2,4-decadienal
(2E,4E)-deca-2,4-dienal : A polyunsaturated fatty aldehyde that is decanal which has undergone formal dehydrogenation to introduce trans- double bonds at the 2-3 and 4-5 positions. A product of lipid peroxidation in cell membranes and a component of cooking oil fumes.		2.7230polyunsaturated fatty aldehydeapoptosis inducer;
nematicide
oleylamide
oleylamide: plastic additive; can cause contact urticaria; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer; a sleep inducing factor. aliphatic amide : A carboxamide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an aliphatic system.. oleamide : A fatty amide derived from oleic acid.		2.0210primary fatty amidehuman metabolite;
plant metabolite
linoleoyl ethanolamide
linoleoyl ethanolamide: RN given for (Z,Z)-isomer. linoleoyl ethanolamide : An N-acylethanolamine 18:2 that is the ethanolamide of linoleic acid.		2.6320N-acylethanolamine 18:2EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor
N-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoylethanolamine
synaptamide: structurally similar to the endocannabinoid N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide). N-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoylethanolamine : An N-acylethanolamine 22:6 that is the ethanolamide of (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid.		2.2110endocannabinoid;
N-acylethanolamine 22:6
n-oleoylethanolamine
N-oleoylethanolamine: ceramidase inhibitor. oleoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of oleic acid. The monounsaturated analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide.		2.2110endocannabinoid;
N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine;
N-acylethanolamine 18:1		EC 3.5.1.23 (ceramidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol
Peceol: lipid excipient containing readily dispersible mixture of mono- & diglycerides of oleic acid. 1-oleoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride where the acyl group is oleoyl.. monooleoylglycerol : A monoglyceride in which the acyl group is oleoyl with the position of acylation unspecified.		2.42201-acylglycerol 18:1;
monooleoylglycerol		plant metabolite
monolinolein
monolinolein: inactivates or inhibits African Swine Fever virus. rac-1-monolinoleoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol that is composed of equal amounts of 1-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol and 3-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol.		2.78301-acylglycerol 18:2;
rac-1-monoacylglycerol		antiviral agent;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
sphingosine 1-phosphate
sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R*,S*-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1		2.0510sphingoid 1-phosphatemouse metabolite;
signalling molecule;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist;
T-cell proliferation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cholesteryl oleate
cholesteryl oleate: RN given refers to ((Z)-isomer). cholesteryl oleate : The (Z)-stereoisomer of cholesteryl octadec-9-enoate.		5.0431CE(18:1);
cholesteryl octadec-9-enoate		mouse metabolite
methyl linoleate
[no description available]		10.62181fatty acid methyl esterplant metabolite
phenylephrine hydrochloride
Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.		2.0810hydrochloride
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		1.9710morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
vitamin k 1
Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.		1.9610phylloquinones;
vitamin K		cofactor;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		2.0510antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
topiramate
Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.		2.0110cyclic ketal;
ketohexose derivative;
sulfamate ester		anticonvulsant;
sodium channel blocker
gamma-cyclodextrin
gamma-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of eight alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.		2.0110cyclodextrin
cerium
cholesteryl linoleate: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. cholesteryl linoleate : The (9Z,12Z)-stereoisomer of cholesteryl octadeca-9,12-dienoate.		210CE(18:2);
cholesteryl octadeca-9,12-dienoate		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fenretinide
Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.		210monocarboxylic acid amide;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		2.4120morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
deamino arginine vasopressin
Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.		1.9810heterodetic cyclic peptidediagnostic agent;
renal agent;
vasopressin receptor agonist
15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin j2
15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2: 15-deoxy-PGJ2 is also available; check for double bonds (indicated by delta) at 12 and 14 positions. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 : A prostaglandin J derivative comprising prostaglandin J2 lacking the 15-hydroxy group and having C=C double bonds at the 12- and 14-positions.		3.5120prostaglandins Jelectrophilic reagent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
metabolite
enprostil
Enprostil: A synthetic PGE2 analog that has an inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion, a mucoprotective effect, and a postprandial lowering effect on gastrin. It has been shown to be efficient and safe in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers.		1.9610
lysophosphatidic acid
lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.. lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.		3.55201-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
lysophosphatidylcholines
lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.		4.342001-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
cytochalasin b
Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.		1.9710cytochalasin;
lactam;
lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
mycotoxin;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
sq 29548
SQ 29548: SQ-26538 is the ((1S-1alpha,2beta(5Z),3beta(1E,3R*),4alpha))-isomer; thromboxane A2 antagonist; thromboxane receptor antagonist		1.9810
su 6656
SU 6656: a c-Src kinase inhibitor; used to probe growth signaling; structure in first source. SU6656 : A member of the class of oxindoles that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which the hydrogeh at position 5 has been replaced by a dimethylaminosulfonyl group and in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group has been replaced by a 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-indol-2-yl group. It is a specific inhibitor of Src family kinase.		2.0810
delta(3)-hexadecenoic acid
delta(3)-hexadecenoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (3E)-3-hexadecenoic acid : A hexadecenoic acid having a trans-double bond at the 3-position.		1.9410hexadecenoic acidplant metabolite
octadecadienoic acid
octadecadienoic acid: location of unsaturation not specified. octadecadienoate : A long-chain, unsaturated fatty acid anion formed by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any octadecadienoic acid; major species at pH 7.3.. octadecadienoic acid : Any straight-chain, C18 polyunsaturated fatty acid having two C=C double bonds.		6.83201
5,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid
5,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source		2.6630octadecatrienoic acid
stearidonic acid
[no description available]		7.6620long-chain fatty acid;
octadecatetraenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
11,14,17-eicosatrienoate
all-cis-icosa-11,14,17-trienoic acid : An icosatrienoic acid having three cis- double bonds at positions 11, 14 and 17.		2.6730fatty acid 20:3;
omega-3 fatty acid
mead acid
mead acid: also known as 20:3(n-9). (5Z,8Z,11Z)-icosatrienoic acid : A 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid in which all three double bonds adopt cis-configuration.		7.53915,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid
juniperonic acid
juniperonic acid: structure in first source. (5Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosatetraenoic acid : An icosatetraenoic acid in which the four double bonds have Z configuration and are located at positions 5, 11, 14 and 17.		2.4720icosatetraenoic acidplant metabolite
ximenynic acid
ximenynic acid: isolated from Santalum accuminatum; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (E)-isomer (santalbic acid)		2.4220long-chain fatty acid
12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid
12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid: metabolite of arachidonic acid in blood platelet suspension; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.730hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
trienoic fatty acid		metabolite
lesquerolic acid
[no description available]		2.4120
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.		2.0810phosphatidylcholine(1+)
biliverdine
[no description available]		4.0530
bisdemethoxycurcumin
curcumin III: structure in first source. bisdemethoxycurcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by 4-hydroxycinnamoyl groups.		2.4520beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
metabolite
centaureidin
centaureidin: structure given in first source; isolated from Tanacetum microphyllum, Brickellia veronicaefolia. centaureidin : A trihydroxyflavone that consists of quercetagetin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 6 and 4' have been replaced by methoxy groups. It has been isolated from Eremophila mitchellii and Athroisma proteiforme.		2.0210trihydroxyflavone;
trimethoxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
plant metabolite
syringin
syringin: a phenylpropanoid glycoside; see also eleutherosides & lyoniside for eleutheroside A: 474-58-8. syringin : A monosaccharide derivative that is trans-sinapyl alcohol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.0210beta-D-glucoside;
dimethoxybenzene;
monosaccharide derivative;
primary alcohol		hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
beta-farnesene
beta-farnesene: structure given in first source		2.0510beta-farnesene
andrographolide
[no description available]		2.610carbobicyclic compound;
gamma-lactone;
labdane diterpenoid;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
icaritin
icaritin: structure in first source		2.610
icariin
[no description available]		7.0310flavonols;
glycosyloxyflavone		antioxidant;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen
ligustilide
ligustilide: found in Umbelliferae plants; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source		2.0210butenolidemetabolite
MeJA
[no description available]		3.3510Jasmonate derivatives
methyl linolenate
[no description available]		2.4520fatty acid methyl esterinsect attractant;
plant metabolite
osthenol
osthenol: structure in first source. osthenol : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 8 has been replaced by a prenyl group.		2.4120hydroxycoumarinantifungal agent;
plant metabolite
angiotensin amide
psilostachyin A: has antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, leishmanicidal, and molluscicidal activities; isolated from Ambrosia psilostachya; structure in first source		2.0210
tazettine
tazettine: from Amaryllidaceae		3.3510indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
indole alkaloid
trilinolein
trilinolein: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. 1,2,3-trilinoleoylglycerol : A triglyceride formed by acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with linoleic acid.		3.71001,2-diacyl-3-linoleoylglycerol;
1,3-diacyl-2-linoleoylglycerol;
linoleoyl containing 1,2,3-triacyl-sn-glycerol;
TG(18:2/18:2/18:2);
triglyceride		mouse metabolite
caryophyllene
caryophyllene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source		2.4520
furazolidone
[no description available]		2.0110
ag 30
AG 30: structure given in first source; do not confuse with AG-30 antimicrobial peptide		2.110
ergosterol-5,8-peroxide
ergosterol-5,8-peroxide: also inhibits sulfatase; isolated from fungus Cercospora kikuchii; structure given in first source. ergosterol peroxide : An ergostanoid that is ergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol with a peroxy group between positions 5 and 8 (the 3beta,5alpha,8alpha,22E stereoisomer). Isolated from Ganoderma lucidum and Cordyceps sinensis, it exhibits antimycobacterial, trypanocidal and antineoplastic activities.		1.99103beta-sterol;
ergostanoid;
organic peroxide;
phytosterols		antimycobacterial drug;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
trypanocidal drug
5-hydroxy-3,3',4',7-tetramethoxyflavone
5-hydroxy-3,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone: from the rhizome of Kaempferia parviflora; inhibits monocyte adhesion and cellular reactive oxygen species production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 5-hydroxy-3,3',4',7-tetramethoxyflavone : A monohydroxyflavone that is 5-hydroxyflavone which is substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3,3',4' and 7.		2.05103'-methoxyflavones;
monohydroxyflavone;
tetramethoxyflavone		plant metabolite
lead
Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.		2.4220carbon group element atom;
elemental lead;
metal atom		neurotoxin
butylidenephthalide
butylidenephthalide: structure in first source. (Z)-3-butylidenephthalide : A gamma-lactone that is phthalide substituted by a butylidene group at position 3. Isolated from Ligusticum porteri, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		2.4620isobenzofuranone
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid: A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)		4.33200
13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid
13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid: RN given refers to (E,Z)-isomer; RN for unspecified isomer not in Chemline 8/12/83. 13-HPODE : An HPODE (hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid) in which the double bonds are at positions 9 and 11 (E and Z geometry, respectively) and the hydroperoxy group is at position 13.		4.91360hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
octadecadienoic acid
15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid
15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid: potent & selective inhibitor of platelet lipoxygenase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		6.86211
diamide
Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.		2101,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid
15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)		2.4220
antimony
Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.		2.1110metalloid atom;
pnictogen
oleoylanilide
oleoylanilide: alters lipid metabolism of lung & adipose tissue; do not confuse with oleoanilide; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer. oleylanilide : The fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of oleic acid and aniline.		2.0210anilide;
fatty amide
cesium
Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.		1.9910alkali metal atom
triphenyltin
triphenyltin: triphenyltin derivatives widely used as pesticides; all of first source is triphenyltin cpds		2.520
rubidium
Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.		3.7721alkali metal atom
aluminum
Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.		6.9710boron group element atom;
elemental aluminium;
metal atom
strontium
Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.		7.730alkaline earth metal atom
triethyltin
[no description available]		2.8910
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		7.1310metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		8.1450chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
ethyl oleate
[no description available]		2.4420long-chain fatty acid ethyl esteracaricide;
plant metabolite
methyl oleate
[no description available]		2.8940fatty acid methyl ester
linoleyl alcohol
linoleyl alcohol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadien-1-ol : A long chain fatty alcohol that is octadecanol containing two double bonds located at positions 9 and 12 (the 9Z,12Z-geoisomer).		2.4220fatty alcohol 18:2;
long-chain primary fatty alcohol
methoprene
Methoprene: Juvenile hormone analog and insect growth regulator used to control insects by disrupting metamorphosis. Has been effective in controlling mosquito larvae.		2.1310isopropyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate;
isopropyl ester		juvenile hormone mimic
ethyl arachidonate
ethyl arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol.		2.0110long-chain fatty acid ethyl esterhuman blood serum metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
zr-512
ethyl-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate: an insect growth regulator; RN given refers to (E,E)-isomer. hydroprene : The ethyl ester of (2E,4E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoic acid		2.0110ethyl ester;
farnesane sesquiterpenoid		juvenile hormone mimic
germacrene d
germacrene D: RN in 9th CI Form Index for unspecified stereoisomer: 37839-63-7		2.0610
diphenylhexatriene
Diphenylhexatriene: A fluorescent compound that emits light only in specific configurations in certain lipid media. It is used as a tool in the study of membrane lipids.		3.3670alkatrienefluorochrome
eleostearic acid
eleostearic acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		3.1650octadecatrienoic acid
ajoene
ajoene: major antiplatelet compound in methanol extract of garlic; also inhibits trypanothione reductase.		3.8430sulfoxide
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).		2.43201,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine;
phosphatidylcholine 28:0;
tetradecanoate ester		antigen;
mouse metabolite
ecdysterone
Ecdysterone: A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE.. 20-hydroxyecdysone : An ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.		1.971014alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-hydroxy steroid;
22-hydroxy steroid;
25-hydroxy steroid;
2beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-sterol;
ecdysteroid;
phytoecdysteroid		animal metabolite;
plant metabolite
deoxyribose
[no description available]		8.5180deoxypentosehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fumarates
Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)		4.2941butenedioate;
C4-dicarboxylate		human metabolite;
metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		3.4870cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
thyronines
Thyronines: A group of metabolites derived from THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms.. thyronine : A tyrosine derivative where the phenolic hydrogen of tyrosine is substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl.		1.9610thyronine
silicon
Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].		2.0510carbon group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom
crepenynic acid
crepenynic acid: oxidized form of linoleic acid; precursor to C14 and pentaynene acetylenes in COMPOSITAE; potential inhibitor of essential fatty acid metabolism; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		3.6390long-chain fatty acid anion;
straight-chain fatty acid anion;
unsaturated fatty acid anion
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		3.68100monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source		4.09140
gamma-mangostin
gamma-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antitumour activity.		2.0210phenols;
xanthones		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor
lavandulol
lavandulol: defensive pheromone of the red-lined carrion beetle and additive in perfumes; structure in first source. lavandulol : A monoterpenoid alcohol that is hepta-1-5-diene which is substituted at positions 2 and 6 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group. It is commonly found in lavender oil.		2.0710lavandulol
demethoxycurcumin
demethoxycurcumin: corresponds to curcumin with one methoxy group replaced by hydrogen; isolated from rhizomes of Curcuma longa. demethoxycurcumin : A beta-diketone that is curcumin in which one of the methoxy groups is replaced by hydrogen. It is found in Curcuma zedoaria and Etlingera elatior.		2.0310beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
panaxynol
[no description available]		2.420long-chain fatty alcohol
bergamottin
bergamottin: constituent of bergamot oil; structure given in first source		2.0710furanocoumarinmetabolite
sulindac sulfone
sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.		210monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfone		apoptosis inducer;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
narcissin flavonol
narcissin flavonol: flavanol glycoside from Strumpfia maritima; do not confuse with other narcissin in Chemline, an alkaloid (lycorine (NM))		2.0710disaccharide derivative;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone;
trihydroxyflavone
myricetin 3-o-glucuronide
myricetin 3-O-glucuronide: from Epilobium angustifolium. myricetin 3-O-glucuronide : A myricetin O-glucuronide that is myricetin with a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid residue attached at the 3-position.		2.0210monosaccharide derivative;
myricetin O-glucuronide;
pentahydroxyflavone		metabolite
cgp 52608
CGP 52608: structure given in first source		2.0210thiazolidinone
oleoyl-coenzyme a
oleoyl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer		3.0850octadecenoyl-CoAEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
triolein
Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.		9.01140triglycerideCaenorhabditis elegans metabolite;
plant metabolite
docosapentaenoic acid
docosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C22 fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid : The all-cis-isomer of a C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five double bonds in the 7-, 10-, 13-, 16- and 19-positions.		10.16333docosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
human metabolite
resiniferatoxin
resiniferatoxin: phorbol related diterpene ester; potent agonist of vanilloid TRPV1 receptors. resiniferatoxin : A heteropentacyclic compound found in Euphorbia poissonii with molecular formula C37H40O9. It is an agonist of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1).		2.0310carboxylic ester;
diterpenoid;
enone;
monomethoxybenzene;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
ortho ester;
phenols;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		analgesic;
neurotoxin;
plant metabolite;
TRPV1 agonist
abscisic acid
Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.		3.05402-trans-abscisic acid
6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2h-pyran-2-one
6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2H-pyran-2-one: structure given in first source; potent irreversible, mechanism-based inhibitor of myocardial calcium-independent phospholipase A2		210naphthalenes
su 1498
SU 1498: structure in first source. SU1498 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-2-cyano-3-[4-hydroxy-3,5-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of 3-phenylpropylamine.		2.110enamide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
phenols;
secondary carboxamide		vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
monorden
monorden: inhibits HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins, DNA topoisomerase VI and human Topoisomerase II		2.0210cyclic ketone;
enone;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antifungal agent;
metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
selenium
Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.		7.56251chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
tellurium
Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.		2.4620chalcogen;
metalloid atom
oxalates
Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.		210
clinoptilolite
clinoptilolite: clinoptilolite was SY to zeolite (NM); use zeolites (NM) to search through 1993; RN is for cpd with unknown MF		2.0510
ethyl linolenate
ethyl linolenate : A long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of linolenic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol.		2.4120
4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester
4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester: RN given refers to compound with specified unsaturation and no isomeric designation		1.9910
dizocilpine maleate
Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.		210maleate salt;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
antimycin a
Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison.		210amidobenzoic acid
cholestanol
Cholestanol: A cholesterol derivative found in human feces, gallstones, eggs, and other biological matter.		2.0110cholestanoid
bongkrekic acid
Bongkrekic Acid: An antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas cocovenenans. It is an inhibitor of MITOCHONDRIAL ADP, ATP TRANSLOCASES. Specifically, it blocks adenine nucleotide efflux from mitochondria by enhancing membrane binding.. bongkrekic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is docosa-2,4,8,10,14,18,20-heptaenedioic acid substituted at positions 2 ,5 and 17 by methyl groups, at positions 6 by a methoxy group and at position 20 by a carboxymethyl group. It is produced by the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli and implicated in outbreaks of food-borne illness involving coconut and corn-based products in Indonesia and China.		2.0210ether;
olefinic compound;
tricarboxylic acid		apoptosis inhibitor;
ATP/ADP translocase inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
toxin
linoleamide
linoleamide: C18-H33-N-O. linoleamide : A fatty amide obtained from linoleic acid.		2.0210primary fatty amidehuman metabolite
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer		2.4320
falcarindiol
falcarindiol: from leaves of Schefflera digitata (Araliaceae) and in carrots; inhibits germination of spores of most common dermatophyte fungi		2.7330organic molecular entitymetabolite
columbianadin
columbianadin: furanocoumarin isolated from Peucedanum palustre; RN given refers to columbianadin, (S-(Z))-isomer. columbianadin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of angelic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-[(8S)-2-oxo-8,9-dihydro-2H-furo[2,3-h][1]benzopyran-8-yl]propan-2-ol.		2.0710alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester;
furanocoumarin		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
rat metabolite
dehydroergosterol
dehydroergosterol : A phytosterol consiting of ergostane having double bonds at the 5,6-, 7,8- 9,11- and 22,23-positions as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group.		2103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
ergostanoid;
phytosterols		biomarker;
metabolite
1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol
[no description available]		2.38201,2-diglyceride
involucrin
involucrin: soluble precursor protein of cross-linked envelope characteristic of epidermal s. corneum synthesized by keratinocytes in natural & cultured human epithelia; see also related records for prekeratin & stratum corneum basic protein precursor		2.0610
15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid
15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; (S-(E,Z,Z,Z))-isomer caused dose-dependent constriction of cat coronary arteries; structure in first source. 15-HPETE : A HPETE that consists of (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-icosatetraenoic acid in which the hydroperoxy group is located at position 15.		3.5990HPETEhuman xenobiotic metabolite
linoleylanilide
linoleylanilide: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. linoleylanilide : A fatty amide conjugate of linoleic acid and aniline.		2.6830anilide;
fatty amide
1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane
1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane: fluorescent probe for phospholipids; RN & structure given in first source		1.9910
diarachidonyl diglyceride
diradylglycerol : Any lipid that is glycerol bearing two substituent groups - either acyl, alkyl, or alk-1-enyl - at any two of the three possible positions.		1.9810
concanamycin a
concanamycin A: from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes S-45; inhibits vacuolar H+ ATPase. concanamycin A : A concanamycin in which the lactone ring contains 4 double bonds and is substituted by 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxy groups, 2 methoxy groups and an ethyl group.		1.9910carbamate ester;
concanamycin		antifungal agent;
EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor;
metabolite
bwa 4c
[no description available]		2.6730
ono 4057
ONO-LB 457: LTB4 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		1.9910
1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine
[no description available]		2.9240
7-oxoprostaglandin i2
7-oxoprostaglandin I2: stable prostacyclin mimic; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5Z,9alpha,11alpha,13E,15S)-isomer		1.9710
thermozymocidin
thermozymocidin: a serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor; FTY720 is an analog		2.4420alpha-amino fatty acid;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sphingoid		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
11-hydroxy-9,12-octadecadienoic acid
(9Z,12Z)-11-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid : A HODE that is linoleic acid carrying a single hydroxy substituent at position 11.		2.9140HODE;
secondary allylic alcohol
3-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
3-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid: from yeast Dipodascopsis uninucleata UOFs-Y128; structure given in first source; RN given is for all-Z isomer		1.9910
8-hydroperoxylinoleic acid
8(R)-HPODE : The 8(R)-isomer of HPODE.		2.4220HPODE;
octadecanoid
8-hydroxylinoleic acid
8-hydroxylinoleic acid: RN given refers to (9Z,12Z)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/92		2.4520
methyl 6,7-10,11-bis(epoxy)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2-dodecenoate
methyl 6,7-10,11-bis(epoxy)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2-dodecenoate: fly juvenile hormone; structure given in first source		2.0110
17-hydroxy-4,7,10,13,15,19-docosahexaenoic acid
17-hydroxy-4,7,10,13,15,19-docosahexaenoic acid: RN given refers to (E,Z,Z,Z,Z,Z)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 3/90. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid : A hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid that consists of 4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid bearing an additional 17-hydroxy substituent.		2.2510hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid;
secondary allylic alcohol		human xenobiotic metabolite
19-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
19-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid: potent stimulator of renal sodium, potassium atpase; RN given is for the (all-Z) isomer		2.4520
tetracosahexaenoic acid
tetracosahexaenoic acid: RN given refers to (all-Z)-isomer. tetracosahexaenoic acid : Any C24 straight-chain fatty acid containing six C=C double bonds.		2.0110
14-hydroxydocosahexaenoate
14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.1310
eicosa-11,14-dienoic acid, (z,z)-isomer
(11Z,14Z)-icosadienoic acid : An icosadienoic acid with double bonds at positions 11 and 14 (both Z).. icosadienoic acid : A 20-carbon, polyunsaturated fatty acid having two double bonds at unspecified positions.		1.9910icosadienoic acidmetabolite
eicosa-5,11,14-trienoic acid
eicosa-5,11,14-trienoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.9840
13-hydroperoxy-9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid
13-hydroperoxy-9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (E,Z,Z)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 11/88		2.420
valerenic acid
valerenic acid: a saturated oplopanone type indene from Valeriana officinalis. valerenic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid which is substituted at position 3 by a 3,7-dimethyl-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-yl group. A bicyclic sesquiterpenoid constituent of the essential oil of the Valerian plant.		2.0310carbobicyclic compound;
monocarboxylic acid;
sesquiterpenoid		GABA modulator;
plant metabolite;
sedative;
volatile oil component
1,2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine: used for premature induction of labor in rabbits; RN given refers to (all Z)-isomer		2.420
linoleoyl-coenzyme a
linoleoyl-coenzyme A: RN from 9th CI Form Index & given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.8940
colneleic acid
colneleic acid: structure. colneleic acid : A long-chain, divinyl ether fatty acid composed of 8-nonenoic acid having the E- hydrogen at position 9 substituted by a (1E,3Z)-nona-1,3,-dien-1-yloxy group.		2.0810divinyl ether fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain fatty acid
(2E,4E)-N-isobutyl-2,4-dodecadienamide
[no description available]		2.0510fatty amidemetabolite
4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid dopamine conjugate
NMI 8739: structure given in first source; RN given refers to all-cis isomer		2.2110
4-oxo-2-nonenal
4-oxo-2-nonenal: reacts with 2'-deoxyguanosine; a product of lipid peroxidation; structure in first source. (E)-4-oxonon-2-enal : The enal that is (E)-non-2-enal substituted with an oxo group at C-4.		3.2960enal;
enone		human metabolite
vernoleate
vernolic acid : A monounsaturated epoxy fatty acid composed of cis-9-octadecenoic acid having a 12,13-epoxy group.. (+)-vernolic acid : An optically active form of vernolic acid having (12S,13R)-configuration.		4.4970oxylipin;
vernolic acid
18-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
18-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid: structure given in first source		210
linoleic acid hydroxamate
[no description available]		1.9810hydroxamic acid
16-(2'-o-glucopyranosylglucopyranosyloxy)hexadecanoic acid 1',4''-lactone 6',6''-diacetate
16-(2'-O-glucopyranosylglucopyranosyloxy)hexadecanoic acid 1',4''-lactone 6',6''-diacetate: from Torulopsis apicola; structure given in first source		2.110
alpha-cyperone
alpha-cyperone: isolated from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus; structure in first source		2.0710
beta-escin
[no description available]		3.3570
stigmasterol 3-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside
stigmasterol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside: an antioxidant from Monochoria vaginalis; structure in first source. stigmasterol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : A steroid saponin that is (3beta,22E)-stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated from Symplocos lancifolia.		2.0610beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
phytosterols;
steroid saponin		metabolite
androst-16-en-3-one
androst-16-en-3-one: boar taint steroid; RN given refers to (5alpha)-isomer. 5alpha-androst-16-en-3-one : An androstanoid that is 5alpha-androst-16-ene substituted by an oxo group at position 3. It is a steroid pheromone found in high concentrations in the saliva of male pigs,.		2.11103-oxo steroid;
androstanoid		mammalian metabolite;
pheromone
beta-tocopherol
[no description available]		7.7630tocopherol;
vitamin E		food component;
plant metabolite
gadolinium dtpa
Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)		2.0210gadolinium coordination entityMRI contrast agent
sq-23377
Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.		2.3820cyclic ether;
enol;
polyunsaturated fatty acid;
very long-chain fatty acid		calcium ionophore;
metabolite
enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine
Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine: A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.		1.9710
oleoyl-estrone
oleoyl-estrone: induces the loss of body fat in rats		2.0310
pinostrobin
pinostrobin: structure in first source. pinostrobin : A monohydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 and a methoxy group at position 7 respectively.		2.610ether;
flavonoids
3-tyrosine
3-tyrosine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. L-m-tyrosine : A hydroxyphenylalanine that is L-phenylalanine with a substituent hydroxy group at position 3.		3.3911hydroxyphenylalanine;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
phenols		plant metabolite
staurosporine
staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.		2.3820ammonium ion derivative
cyclo(leucyl-prolyl)
cyclo(leucyl-prolyl): structure in first source. cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) : A homodetic cyclic peptide composed from leucyl and prolyl residues.		2.1310dipeptide;
homodetic cyclic peptide;
pyrrolopyrazine		bacterial metabolite;
marine metabolite
hypericum
Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent.		2.0210penicillanic acids
10-hydroxystearic acid
10-hydroxystearic acid: structure given in first source; see also record for 10(9)-hydroxystearic acid. 10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid : A hydroxy fatty acid that is octadecanoic acid carrying a hydroxy group at position 10.		2.6930hydroxy fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
formazans
Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.		1.9910
nidroxyzone
nidroxyzone: structure		2.0110C-nitro compound;
furans
azimilide
azimilide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrochloride		2.0110imidazolidine-2,4-dione
triacsin c
triacsin C: from Streptomyces No. 1228; structure given in first source; an acyl-CoA synthetase antagonist. triacsin C : A nitroso compound that is N-undecylnitrous hydrazide carrying double bonds at positions 1,2,4, and 7. It is a long-chain fatty acyl CoA synthetase inhibitor and interferes with lipid metabolism by inhibiting the de novo synthesis of glycerolipids and cholesterol esters.		2.7430hydrazone;
nitroso compound;
olefinic compound		antimalarial;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.64 (retinoid isomerohydrolase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
2-hydroxy-9-cis-octadecenoic acid
2-hydroxy-9-cis-octadecenoic acid: designed to modify the lipid organization of the membrane. 2-hydroxyoleic acid : A 2-hydroxy fatty acid that is oleic acid which carries a hydroxy group at position 2. It is an orally bioavailable synthetic hydroxylated fatty acid which modulates the lipid content of cancer cell membranes and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in several cancer cell lines.		2.04102-hydroxy fatty acid;
hydroxy monounsaturated fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid		antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
bo 653
2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2,2-dipentyl-4,6-di-tert-butylbenzofuran: an antiatherogenic antioxidant; structure given in first source		2.0110
euk-134
EUK-134: antioxidant; structure in first source		2.0110
sincalide
Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.		2.4220oligopeptide
capsiate
[no description available]		2.4220carboxylic ester;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
capsaicin receptor agonist;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
fructosyl-lysine
fructosyllysine : A glyco-amino acid consisting of a D-fructosyl residue attached to the epsilon-amino group of L-lysine.		2.0810fructosamine;
glyco-amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite
etomoxir
[no description available]		2.4820aromatic ether
sk&f 45905
2-(2-(3-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ureido)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-4,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonic acid: a CoA-independent transacylase inhibitor; structure given in first source		1.9910
gambogic acid
gambogic acid: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,1(Z),3abeta,5alpha,11beta,14aS*))-isomer		7.1510pyranoxanthonesmetabolite
pentagastrin
Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.		1.9710organic molecular entity
valencene
valencene: structure in first source. (+)-valencene : A carbobicyclic compound and sesquiterpene that is 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydronaphthalene which is substituted a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 3 and by methyl groups at positions 4a and 5 (the 3R,4aS,5R- diastereoisomer).		2.110carbobicyclic compound;
polycyclic olefin;
sesquiterpene
tocol
tocol: synthetic with antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects; structure in first source. tocol : A chromanol with a chroman-6-ol skeleton that is substituted at position 2 by a saturated or triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units.		2.2110
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		5.35180aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
fr236924
FR236924: structure in first source		2.4220
secoisolariciresinol diglucoside
secoisolariciresinol diglucoside: major precursor of mammalian lignans; structure given in first source; RN given refers to B-D-GLUCO isomer		210
hirsutanonol
hirsutanonol: a diarylheptanoid from the bark of Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica; inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 expression; structure in first source		2.0210
tocotrienols
tocotrienol : A tocol in which the hydrocarbon chain at position 2 contains three double bonds.		3.4670diterpenoid
zeolites
[no description available]		2.7530
aluminum oxide
Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.		6.9710
n-acetylcysteinamide
[no description available]		2.9610
decanoylcarnitine
decanoylcarnitine: therapeutic agent for diabetic acidosis; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. O-decanoylcarnitine : An O-acylcarnitine compound having decanoyl as the acyl substituent.		1.9610decanoate ester;
O-acylcarnitine		human urinary metabolite
alpha-synuclein
alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.		2.2510
5s,12r,18r-trihydroxy-6z,8e,10e,14z,16e-eicosapentaenoic acid
5S,12R,18R-trihydroxy-6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E-eicosapentaenoic acid: a bioactive oxygenated product of EPA, was identified in human plasma and prepared by total organic synthesis; structure in first source. resolvin E1 : A resolvin that is (6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E)-icosa-6,8,10,14,16-pentaenoic acid which is substituted at positions 5, 12 and 18 by hydroxy groups (the 5S,12R,18R stereoisomer).		2.1510hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
nonclassic icosanoid;
resolvin;
triol		anti-inflammatory agent;
human xenobiotic metabolite
digalactosyldiacylglycerol
digalactosyldiacylglycerol: two Galactoses bound to diacylglycerol; the mono Gal MGDG is also available; constitutes 20% of plant chloroplast lipids; see also 1,2-distearoyldigalactosyldiglyceride		2.4110
ribose
ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.		2.0810D-ribose;
ribopyranose
acebutolol
alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.		3.4820alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
palytoxin
palytoxin: coelenterate toxin; composed of substituted N-3-hydroxypropyl-trans-3-amidoacrylamides. palytoxin : A polyol marine coelenterate toxin composed of substituted N-3-hydroxypropyl-trans-3-amidoacrylamides and produced by species of Palythoa and Zoanthus soft corals (collectively called zoantharians), either as a defence mechanism or to assist them in capturing prey. An ionophore that forms cation channels through Na+/K+-ATPase, it is a potent vasoconstrictor useful in evaluation of anti-angina agents. It is considered to be one of the most poisonous non-protein substances known, second only to maitotoxin in terms of toxicity in mice.		1.9710polyoltoxin
cardanol
cardanol: from pink pepper; phenol with hydrocarbon side chain which can vary in length & unsaturation		2.5420phenols
nystatin a1
Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.		2.8640nystatins
linoleic acid hydroperoxide
linoleic acid hydroperoxide: RN refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. linoleic acid hydroperoxide : A HPODE that is a mono-hydroperoxy derivative of linoleic acid		4.07150
potassium cyanate
potassium cyanate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-CHNO		210cyanate salt;
one-carbon compound		herbicide
mitoquinone
mitoquinone: has antineoplastic activity		2.0210
sitagliptin phosphate
Sitagliptin Phosphate: A pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.		2.0610
gw9508
GW9508: structure in first source		3.3160aromatic amine
gw1100
GW1100: structure in first source		2.0310
imidazolone
imidazolone: a reaction product of arginine with 3-deoxyglucosone which markedly accumulates in uremic serum; structure in first source		2.0110organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
palmitoylcarnitine
Palmitoylcarnitine: A long-chain fatty acid ester of carnitine which facilitates the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from cytoplasm into mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.. O-palmitoyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl).		2.3820O-palmitoylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
calcimycin
Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.		6271benzoxazole
dextrothyroxine
[no description available]		2.0110
sepharose
agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.		2.2110
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.6830
phytosterols
Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.		11.05251
enerbol
Life: The state that distinguishes organisms from inorganic matter, manifested by growth, metabolism, reproduction, and adaptation. It includes the course of existence, the sum of experiences, the mode of existing, or the fact of being. Over the centuries inquiries into the nature of life have crossed the boundaries from philosophy to biology, forensic medicine, anthropology, etc., in creative as well as scientific literature. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed; Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)		1.9310
nomilin
[no description available]		2.0310
silidianin
[no description available]		2.0510
conophthorin
[no description available]		2.0710ketal
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		2.6530
erythrosine
Erythrosine: A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.. erythrosin B : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-8a,10a-dihydroxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.		2.0110
ants
Ants: Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676)		2.110
cysteinyldopa
Cysteinyldopa: Found in large amounts in the plasma and urine of patients with malignant melanoma. It is therefore used in the diagnosis of melanoma and for the detection of postoperative metastases. Cysteinyldopa is believed to be formed by the rapid enzymatic hydrolysis of 5-S-glutathionedopa found in melanin-producing cells.		1.9910catecholamine;
zwitterion
lyoniside
lyoniside: see also eleutherosides & syringin for eleutheroside B: 118-34-3; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer		2.4920
oregonin
oregonin: a diarylheptanoid from the bark of Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica; inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 expression; structure in first source		2.0210diarylheptanoid
cyanidin-3-o-beta-glucopyranoside
cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside: a natural compound distributed in several fruits & vegetables, such as strawberry, rhubarb, cherry, red cabbage, red onion, cranberries, etc.		2.0110
10-hydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid
10-hydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified double bond locant; RN for cpd with double bond in position 12 not in Chemline 3/84		3.5680
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.		5.72201organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desmosine
Desmosine: A rare amino acid found in elastin, formed by condensation of four molecules of lysine into a pyridinium ring.		1.9810aromatic amino acid
protectin d1
protectin D1: a docosahexaenoic acid-derived docosatriene protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress; structure in first source. protectin D1 : A dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid that is (4Z,7Z,11E,13E,15Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 10 and 17 (the 10R,17S-stereoisomer). Protectin D1 is one of the specialised proresolving mediators. When produced in neural tissues, it is called neuroprotectin D1		2.1510dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid;
protectin;
secondary allylic alcohol		anti-inflammatory agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
PPARgamma agonist;
specialised pro-resolving mediator
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.		4.6580
bms 309403
[no description available]		2.1310
melitten
Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes.		2.3920
cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.		6.1391
ceruletide
Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.		1.9710oligopeptidediagnostic agent;
gastrointestinal drug
atrial natriuretic factor
Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.		2.4220polypeptide
gastrins
Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.		3.4720
glucagon
Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.		11.82112peptide hormone
neuropeptide y
Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.		2.0310
angiotensinogen
Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM.		2.0110
tannins
Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.		3.76100
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		2.4220
glucagon-like peptide 1
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.		5.47141
c-peptide
C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.		2.9440
exendin (9-39)
exendin (9-39): a peptide from the venom of the lizard Heloderma suspectum; inhibits glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) induced cAMP production; its structure is related to exendin-4		2.0510
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		3.580glycoside
quercetin
[no description available]		2.0510
endothelin-1
Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)		11.5351
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		17.55200101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
vx-770
ivacaftor: a CFTR potentiator; structure in first source. ivacaftor : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-amino-2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. Used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.		3.9420aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
phenols;
quinolone		CFTR potentiator;
orphan drug
buparlisib
NVP-BKM120: a pan class I PI3 kinase inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source		3.3510aminopyridine;
aminopyrimidine;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.		3.79110chlorophyll;
methyl ester		cofactor
hoe 33342
bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride: benzimidazole fluorescent dye		210
sphingosine kinase
[no description available]		2.0510
ubiquinone
Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.		4.7190
ethyl glucuronide
ethyl glucuronide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (BETA-D)-isomer. ethyl glucuronide : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the ethyl derivative of beta-D-glucuronic acid.		2.1310beta-D-glucosiduronic acidhuman urinary metabolite
periplocymarin
periplocymarin: has antineoplastic activity; isolated from both Periploca sepium and Periploca graeca		7.4110
calpain
Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.		2.0210
cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide
cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide: RN given refers to the (3-beta)-isomer; do not confuse with cholesterol hydroperoxide (5-hydroperoxycholesterol)		210
lucifer yellow
lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt		2.0510organic lithium saltfluorochrome
tetracosapentaenoic acid
tetracosapentaenoic acid: RN given refers to (all-Z)-isomer. tetracosapentaenoic acid : A polyunsaturated fatty acid whose structure contains double bonds at any five positions of a 24-carbon straight chain.		2.4220
9-hydroxy-12-oxo-10(e)-dodecenoic acid
9-hydroxy-12-oxo-10(E)-dodecenoic acid: structure given in first source		2.0510
hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid
hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid: structure in first source		10.3190
hexadecatetraenoic acid
hexadecatetraenoic acid: a polyunsaturated fatty acid isolated from marine algae; structure in first source		2.0210
chitosan
[no description available]		4.65250
9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-adenine
[no description available]		2.0810
bucladesine
Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.		2.38203',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
osteum
[no description available]		2.2510organic molecular entity
sodium hypochlorite
Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.		7.3110inorganic sodium saltbleaching agent;
disinfectant
sodium lactate
Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.		2.0510lactate salt;
organic sodium salt		food acidity regulator;
food preservative
sodium nitrite
Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.		2.4520inorganic sodium salt;
nitrite salt		antidote to cyanide poisoning;
antihypertensive agent;
antimicrobial food preservative;
food antioxidant;
poison
lactisole
lactisole: structure in first source		2.1710
stearates
Stearates: Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid.		4.98150
sodium hypophosphite
sodium hypophosphite: RN given refers to phosphinic acid, Na salt; structure		1.9610
sodium glutamate
Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid.		2.4420monosodium glutamateflavouring agent
sodium ethylxanthate
Sex: The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism.		1.9410
mersalyl
Mersalyl: A toxic thiol mercury salt formerly used as a diuretic. It inhibits various biochemical functions, especially in mitochondria, and is used to study those functions.		2.0410
methyl jasmonate
[no description available]		3.1950
s-adenosylmethionine
(R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.		5.0552organic cation;
sulfonium compound		coenzyme;
cofactor;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
picrotoxin
Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.		210
10-nitro-oleic acid
10-nitro-oleic acid: structure in first source. (9E)-10-nitrooctadecenoic acid : A nitro fatty acid that is (9E)-octadec-9-enoic (elaidic) acid substituted by a nitro group at position 10.		2.610long-chain fatty acid;
monounsaturated fatty acid;
nitro fatty acid		human metabolite
tak-875
[no description available]		2.5920biphenyls
catechin
[no description available]		2.0510
egg white
Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)		7.4620
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene
[no description available]		210BODIPY compound
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.		2.0210
dahlia
Dahlia: A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE that contains antifungal plant defensin.. Hoffman's violet : A hydrochloride obtained by combining Hoffman's violet free base with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride. A specific stain for animal chromosomes.		2.1510
etheroleic acid
etheroleic acid: a divinyl ether; structure given in first source. etheroleic acid : A divinyl ether fatty acid that is (9Z,11E,14E)-nonadeca-9,11,14-trienoic acid in which the methylene group at position 10 has been replaced by oxygen.		2.4320divinyl ether fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid
11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid
11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (11S,12R)-EET : An 11,12-EET in which the epoxy moiety has 11S,12R-configuration.. 11,12-EET : An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 11,12-double bond of arachidonic acid.		2.011011,12-EEThuman xenobiotic metabolite
lysophosphatidylserine
lysophosphatidylserine: stimulates histamine secretion from isolated mast cells in mouse plasma. lysophosphatidylserine : An acylglycerophosphoserine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylserine, which removes one of the fatty acid groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R(1) = acyl, R(2) = H or where R(1) = H, R(2) = acyl. Formula C7H13NO9PR, where R represents the hydrocarbon chain of the fatty acyl group.. 1-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerophosphoserine in which the acyl group is specified as stearoyl (octadecanoyl).		1.98101-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine
triiodothyronine, reverse
Triiodothyronine, Reverse: A metabolite of THYROXINE, formed by the peripheral enzymatic monodeiodination of T4 at the 5 position of the inner ring of the iodothyronine nucleus.. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine zwitterion : Zwitterionic form of 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine.		1.96103,3',5'-triiodothyronine;
amino acid zwitterion
5,15-dihydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid
[no description available]		2.0210
glycolipids
[no description available]		6.58270
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		3.1550
resolvin d1
resolvin D1: an anti-inflammatory lipid mediator; structure in first source. resolvin D1 : A resolvin that is docosa-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-hexaenoic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 7, 8, and 17 positions (the 7S,8R,17S-stereoisomer).		7.1310hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
resolvin;
triol		anti-inflammatory agent
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		4.24170
kuraridin
kuraridin: isolated from Sophora flavescens; structure in first source		2.0210
gnaphalin
gnaphalin: a lipophilic flavonol from Helichrysum sp.; structure in first source		2.0210
phillyrin
[no description available]		2.0210
isosilybin
isosilybin: flavanolignan from Silybum marianum. isosilybin : A flavonolignan isolated from Silybum marianum.		2.0510
colistin
Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.		2.3110
exenatide
Exenatide: A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.		2.1510
kavain
kavain: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; see also kavaform; structure		2.1102-pyranones;
aromatic ether
peoniflorin
[no description available]		2.0710
dinaciclib
[no description available]		3.3510pyrazolopyrimidine
heme
Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.		3.86120
leukotoxin
leukotoxin: do not confuse with leukotoxin which is 9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate		4.3660
heparitin sulfate
Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.		1.9910
9,12-dioxo-10-dodecenoic acid
9,12-dioxo-10-dodecenoic acid: structure in first source		2.0510
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		10.17822ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		1.9610
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.		2.0110monohydroxybenzoateplant metabolite
piroxicam
[no description available]		3.630benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex
tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.		2.0410heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		2.9640benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
6-o-palmitoylascorbic acid
[no description available]		2.6930fatty acid ester
arzanol
arzanol: a prenylated alpha-pyrone-phloroglucinol etherodimer from Helichrysum italicum subsp.microphyllum; has antioxidant and cytotoxic activity; structure in first source		2.0310
potassium ascorbyl tocopheryl phosphate
potassium ascorbyl tocopheryl phosphate: RN given refers to the potassium salt		210
epidermal growth factor
Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.		5.65250
microcystin
microcystin: microcystins have the general structure cyclo(D-Ala-L-X-D-erythro--methylisoasp-L-Y-Adda-D-isoGlu-N-methyldehydroAla) where X and Y are variable L-amino acids;. microcystin : A family of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins produced by a number of cyanobacteria, the most notable of which is Microcystis, from which the name of the family is derived. Microcystins consist of a heptapeptide macrocycle made up of five non-protein amino acids and two protein amino acids.		210peptide
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		3.1550
okadaic acid
Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.		2.0310ketal
pyrethrins
[no description available]		2.0810
(Z)-6,6',7,3'a-Diligustilide
levistilide A: isolated from Angelica sinensis, inhibits hepatic stellate cell proliferation; structure in first source		2.0510butenolidemetabolite
sc 26196
[no description available]		2.7230
agar
Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.		2.3820
cyclin d1
Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.		210
lysophosphatidylinositol
[no description available]		2.4120
lysophosphatidylethanolamine
lysophosphatidylethanolamine : A glycerophosphoethanolamine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylethanolamine, which removes one of the fatty acid groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R(1) = acyl, R(2) = H or where R(1) = H, R(2) = acyl.		2.3720
caseins
Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.		5.56230
oligomycins
Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).		2.4120
imidacloprid
(E)-imidacloprid : The E-isomer of imidacloprid.		2.0110imidacloprid;
imidazolidines;
monochloropyridine		environmental contaminant;
genotoxin;
neonicotinoid insectide;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
bassianolide
bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170.		2.5420cyclodepsipeptide;
cyclooctadepsipeptide		antineoplastic agent;
fungal metabolite;
insecticide
methysticin
methysticin: a neuroprotective constituent of kava extract; RN given for (R-(E))-isomer		2.1102-pyranones;
aromatic ether
glucagon-like peptide 2
Glucagon-Like Peptide 2: A 33-amino acid peptide derived from the C-terminal of PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. It stimulates intestinal mucosal growth and decreased apoptosis of ENTEROCYTES. GLP-2 enhances gastrointestinal function and plays an important role in nutrient homeostasis.		2.4110
cobamamide
cobamamide : A member of the class of cobalamins that is vitamin B12 in which the cyano group is replaced by a 5'-deoxyadenos-5'-yl moiety. It is one of the two metabolically active form of vitamin B12.		1.9810
13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid
13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid: inhibits glyoxalase II; RN given refers to (?,Z)-isomer		2.8940hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid
lipofectamine
Lipofectamine: mediates gene transfer; a polycationic lipid reagent		2.0310
gibberellins
[no description available]		2.1110
daptomycin
[no description available]		2.5520
vitamin b 12
Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.		4.2350
sermorelin
Sermorelin: The biologically active fragment of human growth hormone-releasing factor, consisting of GHRH(1-29)-amide. This N-terminal sequence is identical in several mammalian species, such as human, pig, and cattle. It is used to diagnose or treat patients with GROWTH HORMONE deficiency.. sermorelin : A 29 amino acid polypeptide that is used to treat growth problems (usually in children) due to growth hormone deficiency. It is the biologically active fragment of human growth hormone-releasing factor (GHRH).		2.2110
transforming growth factor alpha
Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.		7.4320
moxidectin
moxidectin: family of macrolide antibiotics with insecticidal & acaricidal activity		2.0110
arachidonoylcholine
arachidonoylcholine: structure in first source. arachidonoylcholine : An acylcholine obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the hydroxy group of choline.		2.2510acylcholinecholinergic agonist
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		2.7230
silybin
Silybin: The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers.		2.0510
cytochalasin d
Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis.		210
peptide yy
Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence.		2.9940
thromboplastin
Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.		2.3520
muramidase
Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.		2.9540
amyloid beta-peptides
amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined		2.2110
promega
Promega: refined fish-oil product concentrated in long-chain polyunsaturated omega 3 fatty acids; principal fatty acids are 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid & 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid		3.3511
exudates
Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)		3.0340
tetra(4-n-methylpyridyl)porphine
tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine: structure in first source		2.0710
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		1.98102-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
cyclic gmp
Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.		3.24603',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine
[no description available]		4.6280purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
7,8-dihydroneopterin
7,8-dihydroneopterin: an antioxidant. 7,8-dihydroneopterin : A neopterin where positions C-7 and C-8 have been hydrogenated.		1.9810dihydropterin;
neopterins		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine diphosphate
Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		2.9640guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine monophosphate
Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.		210guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		8.79110guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine
[no description available]		2.41202-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hypoxanthine
[no description available]		1.9910nucleobase analogue;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		fundamental metabolite
inosinic acid
Inosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety.		3.811inosine phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
inosine triphosphate
Inosine Triphosphate: Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonym: IRPPP.		2.0310inosine phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		7.3393folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
pheophytin a
pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S*,11S*),4beta,21beta))-isomer		2.1110
neopterin
[no description available]		1.9810
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		2.0710cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine
Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.		2.0310benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		4.78120nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
guanylyl imidodiphosphate
Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).		1.9810nucleoside triphosphate analogue
bw 540c
[no description available]		1.9710
tirapazamine
Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.		2.2110aromatic amine;
benzotriazines;
N-oxide		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
8-bromocyclic gmp
8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.		1.98103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
organobromine compound		muscle relaxant;
protein kinase G agonist
methylnitronitrosoguanidine
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position		2.0510nitroso compoundalkylating agent
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.		2.4220guanosinesbiomarker
coelenterazine
coelenterazine: active group in AEQUORIN, a coelenterate luciferin. Oplophorus luciferin : An imidazopyrazine that is imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one in which positions 2, 6, and 8 are substituted by 4-hydroxybenzyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, and benzyl groups, respectively.		2.4220
alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-n-tert-butylnitrone
alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone: structure given in first source		7.8940
magnesium gtp
magnesium GTP: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd Mg salt		1.9610
cholestyramine resin
Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.		210
eye
[no description available]		4.7221
potassium magnesium aspartate
Potassium Magnesium Aspartate: An intra-extracellular electrolyte exchange agent with a variety of effects.		1.9610
maltodextrin
maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.		9.3241
acetylcellulose
acetylcellulose: coating compound. cellulose acetate : A glucan derivative obtained through the esterification of cellulose by acetic anhydride or acetic acid, resulting in the substitution of some of the hydroxy groups of cellulose by acetyl groups. It is used in a variety of applications including base material for photographic film, clothing, membrane filters, coatings, food packaging, and as a frame material for eyeglasses.		2.1110
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		3.69100
leptin
Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.		11.1473
phenanthrenes
Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.		2.730
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		011.05943
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		113.05943
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		013537
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		115537
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		013.29557
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		013.29557
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		010.4461
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		016.9345
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		117.6711816
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		010.4461
Encephalitis, Polio
[description not available]		02.0610
Poliomyelitis
An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)		02.0610
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		015.912611
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		015.912611
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		010.96670
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		112.96670
Ache
[description not available]		04.3180
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		04.3180
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		09.91990
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		012.01291
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		07.01291
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		011.51544
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		011.51544
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		04.5490
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		016.4522218
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		011.25323
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		011.25323
Malnourishment
[description not available]		06.0231
Severe Acute Malnutrition
Acute form of MALNUTRITION which usually affects children, characterized by a very low weight for height (below -3z scores of the median World Health Organization standards), visible severe wasting, or occurrence of nutritional EDEMA. It can be a direct or indirect cause of fatality in children suffering from DIARRHEA and PNEUMONIA. Do not confuse with starvation, a condition in which the body is not getting enough food, usually for extended periods of time.		011.0232
Malnutrition
An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.		011.0231
Allergy, Peanut
[description not available]		02.3110
Peanut Hypersensitivity
Allergic reaction to peanuts that is triggered by the immune system.		02.3110
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		015.346011
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain
[description not available]		02.3110
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain
A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.		02.3110
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		05.3121
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		05.3121
Auricular Fibrillation
[description not available]		04.450
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		014.02756
Atrial Fibrillation
Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.		09.450
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		014.02756
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		07.8151
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		19.8151
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		07.28371
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		010.45314
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		04.3941
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		07.28371
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		010.45314
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		04.6870
Pain, Chronic
[description not available]		0421
Chronic Pain
Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.		0421
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		07.1450
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		07.1450
Enterically-Transmitted Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis
[description not available]		02.4110
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		06.72135
Hepatitis E
Acute INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans; caused by HEPATITIS E VIRUS, a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. Similar to HEPATITIS A, its incubation period is 15-60 days and is enterically transmitted, usually by fecal-oral transmission.		02.4110
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas
[description not available]		013.81417
Cystic Fibrosis
An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.		013.81417
ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction
[description not available]		02.4110
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
A clinical syndrome defined by MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA symptoms; persistent elevation in the ST segments of the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; and release of BIOMARKERS of myocardial NECROSIS (e.g., elevated TROPONIN levels). ST segment elevation in the ECG is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also NON-ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		02.4110
Ventricular Fibrillation
A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.		02.4720
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		02.7130
Burns
Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.		04.6761
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		02.7130
Marasmus
[description not available]		07.39101
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses.		07.39101
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive
[description not available]		03.3310
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.		03.3310
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis
[description not available]		06.57102
Psoriasis
A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.		011.57102
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
[description not available]		06.44131
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.		06.44131
Atrophy, Muscle
[description not available]		02.4110
Muscular Atrophy
Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.		02.4110
Xeroderma
[description not available]		04.5830
Ichthyosis
Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome.		04.5830
Elevated Cholesterol
[description not available]		011.624011
Hypercholesterolemia
A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.		011.624011
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.4110
Carcinogenesis
The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.		04.4770
Bile Duct Cancer
[description not available]		02.4110
Bile Duct Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.		02.4110
Cholangiocarcinoma
A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.		07.4110
Adenoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		05.7271
Adenoma
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		010.7271
Infections, Helicobacter
[description not available]		04.0750
Helicobacter Infections
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.		04.0750
Acute Ischemic Stroke
[description not available]		02.4110
Ischemic Stroke
Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.		02.4110
Anoxemia
[description not available]		03.1150
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		03.1150
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		04.86340
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		04.86340
Acne
[description not available]		08.23184
Acne Vulgaris
A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.		08.23184
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System
[description not available]		03.7630
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		02.8630
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		04.08150
Parkinson Disease
A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)		02.8630
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.		08.7630
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		011.913310
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		011.913310
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		03.2860
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		03.2860
Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous
A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The external surface is usually covered with papillary excrescences. Microscopically, the papillary patterns are predominantly epithelial overgrowths with differentiated and undifferentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells. Psammoma bodies may be present. The tumor generally adheres to surrounding structures and produces ascites. (From Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p185)		02.4110
Collodion Baby Syndrome
[description not available]		02.920
Ichthyosis, Lamellar
A chronic, congenital ichthyosis inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Infants are usually born encased in a collodion membrane which sheds within a few weeks. Scaling is generalized and marked with grayish-brown quadrilateral scales, adherent at their centers and free at the edges. In some cases, scales are so thick that they resemble armored plate.		02.920
Arthritis, Juvenile Chronic
[description not available]		02.5120
Cyclitis, Heterochromic
[description not available]		02.610
Arthritis, Juvenile
Arthritis in children, with onset before 16 years of age. The terms juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refer to classification systems for chronic arthritis in children. Only one subtype of juvenile arthritis (polyarticular-onset, rheumatoid factor-positive) clinically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis and is considered its childhood equivalent.		02.5120
Iridocyclitis
Acute or chronic inflammation of the iris and ciliary body characterized by exudates into the anterior chamber, discoloration of the iris, and constricted, sluggish pupil. Symptoms include radiating pain, photophobia, lacrimation, and interference with vision.		02.610
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		03.97120
Blood Clot
[description not available]		06.3140
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		06.3140
Birth Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		06.89142
Fra(X) Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4110
Fragile X Syndrome
A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226)		02.4110
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		03.1450
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		03.1450
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		014.6724012
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		02.4110
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		02.4110
Mucositis
An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).		02.5720
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		06.54171
Lipid Metabolism Disorders
Pathological conditions resulting from abnormal anabolism or catabolism of lipids in the body.		03.83100
Friedreich Disease
[description not available]		07.94118
Friedreich Ataxia
An autosomal recessive disease, usually of childhood onset, characterized pathologically by degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts, posterior columns, and to a lesser extent the corticospinal tracts. Clinical manifestations include GAIT ATAXIA, pes cavus, speech impairment, lateral curvature of spine, rhythmic head tremor, kyphoscoliosis, congestive heart failure (secondary to a cardiomyopathy), and lower extremity weakness. Most forms of this condition are associated with a mutation in a gene on chromosome 9, at band q13, which codes for the mitochondrial protein frataxin. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1081; N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75) The severity of Friedreich ataxia associated with expansion of GAA repeats in the first intron of the frataxin gene correlates with the number of trinucleotide repeats. (From Durr et al, N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75)		07.94118
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		03.5240
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		03.5240
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		03.5240
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		03.5240
Cardiometabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.		011.47266
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.		011.47266
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		04.69280
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		04.69280
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome
[description not available]		02.520
Demyelinating Diseases
Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.		02.520
Diseases, Metabolic
[description not available]		03.9240
Metabolic Diseases
Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)		03.9240
Hyperuricemia
Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.		02.4110
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic
Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response.		02.610
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		03.5280
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		03.5280
Devic Disease
[description not available]		02.4110
Neuromyelitis Optica
A syndrome characterized by acute OPTIC NEURITIS; MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE; demyelinating and/or necrotizing lesions in the OPTIC NERVES and SPINAL CORD; and presence of specific autoantibodies to AQUAPORIN 4.		02.4110
Maternal Obesity
[description not available]		02.610
Infections, Staphylococcal
[description not available]		03.1850
Staphylococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		03.1850
Disease Resistance
The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.		02.5920
Deficiency, Mental
[description not available]		02.4820
Happy Puppet Syndrome
[description not available]		02.610
Intellectual Disability
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)		02.4820
Angelman Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by multiple abnormalities, MENTAL RETARDATION, and movement disorders. Present usually are skull and other abnormalities, frequent infantile spasms (SPASMS, INFANTILE); easily provoked and prolonged paroxysms of laughter (hence happy); jerky puppetlike movements (hence puppet); continuous tongue protrusion; motor retardation; ATAXIA; MUSCLE HYPOTONIA; and a peculiar facies. It is associated with maternal deletions of chromosome 15q11-13 and other genetic abnormalities. (From Am J Med Genet 1998 Dec 4;80(4):385-90; Hum Mol Genet 1999 Jan;8(1):129-35)		07.610
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		02.5120
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory
[description not available]		05.5961
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.		05.5961
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		02.5120
Infections, Coronavirus
[description not available]		03.6820
Coronavirus Infections
Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).		03.6820
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)		03.5210
Viral Diseases
[description not available]		02.610
Virus Diseases
A general term for diseases caused by viruses.		02.610
Adjuvant Arthritis
[description not available]		03.2660
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		010.6971
Anasarca
[description not available]		03.3360
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		05.6971
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		03.3360
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		04.1860
Infections, Parvoviridae
[description not available]		02.610
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
[description not available]		04.2460
Glucose Intolerance
A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.		04.2460
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)		03.5520
Autism
[description not available]		03.940
Autistic Disorder
A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)		03.940
Central Nervous System Syphilis
[description not available]		02.610
Great Pox
[description not available]		02.610
Syphilis
A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.		02.610
Colitis, Granulomatous
[description not available]		07.65122
Crohn Disease
A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.		07.65122
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		06.36131
Apnea, Obstructive Sleep
[description not available]		02.610
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395)		02.610
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		02.5820
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		02.5820
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		07.2121
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		07.2121
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		08.29665
Candida Infection
[description not available]		02.5120
Candidiasis, Genital
[description not available]		02.610
Candidiasis
Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.5120
Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal
Infection of the VULVA and VAGINA with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA.		02.610
CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease)
[description not available]		02.610
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome
A rare transmissible encephalopathy most prevalent between the ages of 50 and 70 years. Affected individuals may present with sleep disturbances, personality changes, ATAXIA; APHASIA, visual loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, MYOCLONUS, progressive dementia, and death within one year of disease onset. A familial form exhibiting autosomal dominant inheritance and a new variant CJD (potentially associated with ENCEPHALOPATHY, BOVINE SPONGIFORM) have been described. Pathological features include prominent cerebellar and cerebral cortical spongiform degeneration and the presence of PRIONS. (From N Engl J Med, 1998 Dec 31;339(27))		02.610
Bladder Pain Syndrome
[description not available]		07.610
Bladder, Overactive
[description not available]		02.610
Pelvic Pain
Pain in the pelvic region of genital and non-genital origin.		02.610
Cystitis, Interstitial
A condition with recurring discomfort or pain in the URINARY BLADDER and the surrounding pelvic region without an identifiable disease. Severity of pain in interstitial cystitis varies greatly and often is accompanied by increased urination frequency and urgency.		02.610
Urinary Bladder, Overactive
Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the URINARY BLADDER that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. URINARY INCONTINENCE may or may not be present.		02.610
Aseptic Necrosis of Femur Head
[description not available]		02.7620
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		03.94120
Acute Brain Injuries
[description not available]		02.7630
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		03.94120
Brain Injuries
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.		02.7630
Pulmonary Hypertension
[description not available]		02.4620
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.		02.4620
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		02.4920
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		05.06101
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		07.4920
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		05.06101
Lichen Planus, Oral
Oral lesions accompanying cutaneous lichen planus or often occurring alone. The buccal mucosa, lips, gingivae, floor of the mouth, and palate are usually affected (in a descending order of frequency). Typically, oral lesions consist of radiating white or gray, velvety, threadlike lines, arranged in a reticular pattern, at the intersection of which there may be minute, white, elevated dots or streaks (Wickham's striae). (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry)		02.2110
Depression, Endogenous
[description not available]		02.2110
Depressive Disorder
An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.		02.2110
Acute Coronary Syndrome
An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		05.150
Eczema, Atopic
[description not available]		09234
Dermatitis, Atopic
A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.		09234
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		011.2851
Lung Adenocarcinoma
[description not available]		02.2110
Adenocarcinoma of Lung
A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.		02.2110
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular
[description not available]		04.5111
Adrenocortical Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. Adrenocortical carcinomas are unencapsulated anaplastic (ANAPLASIA) masses sometimes exceeding 20 cm or 200 g. They are more likely to be functional than nonfunctional, and produce ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES that may result in hypercortisolism (CUSHING SYNDROME); HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and/or VIRILISM.		02.2110
Adrenal Cortex Cancer
[description not available]		02.4120
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX.		02.4120
Dermatoses
[description not available]		06.0761
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		06.0761
Dehydration
The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.		02.6120
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		04.81110
Arthritis, Degenerative
[description not available]		02.7930
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.		02.7930
Dyslipidemia
[description not available]		05.6561
Dyslipidemias
Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.		05.6561
Nervous System Disorders
[description not available]		02.2510
Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.		02.2510
Parasitemia
The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.4420
African Sleeping Sickness
[description not available]		02.2510
Trypanosomiasis, African
A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.		02.2510
Cognitive Decline
[description not available]		02.6120
Inadequate Sleep
[description not available]		02.2510
Cognitive Dysfunction
Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.		02.6120
Skin Aging
The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.		04.6251
Apoplexy
[description not available]		05.36120
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		07.5781
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		07.5781
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		05.36120
Age-Related Osteoporosis
[description not available]		03.6930
Osteoporosis
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.		03.6930
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		05.0791
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		03.5880
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		03.5880
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		06.89160
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		02.2510
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		06.89160
HPV Infection
[description not available]		03.1710
Papillomavirus Infections
Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.		03.1710
Black Fever
[description not available]		02.6620
Leishmaniasis, Visceral
A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.		02.6620
Polyploid
[description not available]		02.2510
Aortic Dissection
[description not available]		02.2510
Brucella Infection
[description not available]		02.2510
Brucellosis
Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss.		02.2510
Allergy, Food
[description not available]		05.9651
Food Hypersensitivity
Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.		05.9651
Aldosteronism
[description not available]		02.2510
Hyperaldosteronism
A condition caused by the overproduction of ALDOSTERONE. It is characterized by sodium retention and potassium excretion with resultant HYPERTENSION and HYPOKALEMIA.		02.2510
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		010.49371
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		010.49371
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.2510
Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer
[description not available]		02.2510
Cancer of the Thyroid
[description not available]		02.2510
Thyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.		02.2510
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular
An adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland, in which the cells are arranged in the form of follicles. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.2510
Coagulation Disorders, Blood
[description not available]		02.2510
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular
[description not available]		02.4220
Blood Coagulation Disorders
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.		02.2510
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.		02.4220
Gastric Ulcer
[description not available]		08.1250
Stomach Ulcer
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		03.1250
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.6120
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.		02.6120
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		09.77300
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		04.77300
Diathesis
[description not available]		04.2560
Pneumonia, Viral
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.		03.3920
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational
[description not available]		05.4841
Diabetes, Gestational
Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.		05.4841
Uremia
A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.		02.7330
Allodynia
[description not available]		04.6390
Peripheral Nerve Diseases
[description not available]		02.7630
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.		02.7630
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		02.9640
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		05.33131
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		02.9640
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		010.33131
Atheroma
[description not available]		02.3110
Arterial Diseases, Carotid
[description not available]		04.0550
Carotid Artery Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.		04.0550
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4920
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		04.2970
Colonic Diseases
Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).		02.3110
Infection
[description not available]		03.3520
Infections
Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.		03.3520
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		02.4520
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		02.4520
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		06.77221
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.		07.56134
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		03.5990
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		03.5990
Autoimmune Diabetes
[description not available]		07.99202
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.		07.99202
Morbid Obesity
[description not available]		03.711
Obesity, Morbid
The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.		03.711
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.		04.3470
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.		04.3470
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
[description not available]		03.360
Macular Degeneration
Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.		03.360
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
[description not available]		02.3110
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.		02.3110
Fish Diseases
Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).		02.3110
Hepatitis, Animal
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.		02.3110
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic
[description not available]		03.7430
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.		03.7430
Iron Overload
An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)		02.3110
Itching
[description not available]		05.3572
Leg Dermatoses
A nonspecific term used to denote any cutaneous lesion or group of lesions, or eruptions of any type on the leg. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		03.5311
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		05.3572
Affective Disorders
[description not available]		03.0610
Mood Disorders
Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.		08.0610
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		05.24190
Metastase
[description not available]		010.44240
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		05.44240
Abdominal Migraine
[description not available]		05.2641
Migraine Disorders
A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		05.2641
Age-Related Memory Disorders
[description not available]		02.4120
Memory Disorders
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.		02.4120
Allergic Reaction
[description not available]		04.6100
Hypersensitivity
Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.		04.6100
Alopecia Cicatrisata
[description not available]		02.5220
Alopecia
Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.		02.5220
Binge Alcohol Consumption
[description not available]		02.5320
Group A Strep Infection
[description not available]		02.1510
Streptococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.		02.1510
Non-communicable Chronic Diseases
[description not available]		03.0610
Dermatitis
Any inflammation of the skin.		05.39100
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		02.9440
Diabetic Nephropathies
KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.		02.9440
Endometrioma
An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.		03.420
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		04.7940
Endometriosis
A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.		03.420
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		04.7940
Hypertriglyceridemia
A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.		07.3992
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		05.1101
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		05.1101
Anxiety Neuroses
[description not available]		02.1510
Anxiety Disorders
Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.		02.1510
Stunted Growth
[description not available]		05.4351
Growth Disorders
Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.		05.4351
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		02.4920
Preterm Birth
[description not available]		05.0930
Premature Birth
CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).		05.0930
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		02.830
Parkinsonian Disorders
A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.		02.830
Abortion, Tubal
[description not available]		02.1710
Sterility, Female
[description not available]		02.4220
Abortion, Spontaneous
Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.		02.1710
Infertility, Female
Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.		02.4220
Critical Illness
A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.		02.7130
Leishmaniasis, American
[description not available]		02.1710
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous
An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.		02.1710
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease
[description not available]		02.4220
Huntington Disease
A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)		02.4220
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar
[description not available]		04.6150
Psychoses
[description not available]		05.3441
Dementia Praecox
[description not available]		04.980
Bipolar Disorder
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.		04.6150
Psychotic Disorders
Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)		05.3441
Schizophrenia
A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.		09.980
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		02.8130
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		02.8130
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling
[description not available]		02.1710
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis
[description not available]		07.72141
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications
[description not available]		06.742
Pre-Eclampsia
A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.		07.72141
Encephalopathy, Traumatic
[description not available]		03.0910
Brain Injuries, Traumatic
A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.		03.0910
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		04.76310
Adenoma, beta-Cell
[description not available]		03.2960
Insulinoma
A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.		03.2960
Anemia, Cooley's
[description not available]		02.1710
beta-Thalassemia
A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.		02.1710
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		04.9990
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		04.9990
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		03.6390
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		03.6390
Neuritis
A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA.		02.1310
Coronary Thrombosis
Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		04.7521
Harelip
[description not available]		02.1710
Cleft Lip
Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region.		02.1710
Retinal Diseases
Diseases involving the RETINA.		02.1710
Disbacteriosis
[description not available]		02.2110
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.		03.81110
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion
[description not available]		03.1350
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		03.4170
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		03.4170
Intestinal Diseases
Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.		03.3720
Mastitis, Bovine
INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.		02.5520
Brain Inflammation
[description not available]		02.5820
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.		02.5820
Fat Necrosis
A condition in which the death of adipose tissue results in neutral fats being split into fatty acids and glycerol.		02.5320
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		05.5592
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		05.5592
Starvation
Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)		03.0850
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		06.07130
Cancer of Rectum
[description not available]		03.3720
Rectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.		03.3720
Dermatitis, Eczematous
[description not available]		07.7182
Eczema
A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).		012.7182
Enteritis
Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.		02.0810
Fasting Hypoglycemia
HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.		02.0810
Hypoglycemia
A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.		02.0810
Carcinoma, Krebs 2
A transplantable neoplasm of mice.		02.0810
Acid beta-Glucosidase Deficiency
[description not available]		02.0810
Gaucher Disease
An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. The characteristic Gaucher cells, glycosphingolipid-filled HISTIOCYTES, displace normal cells in BONE MARROW and visceral organs causing skeletal deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly, and organ dysfunction. There are several subtypes based on the presence and severity of neurological involvement.		02.0810
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		04.16160
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		04.16160
ADDH
[description not available]		04.9242
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)		04.9242
Action Tremor
[description not available]		03.0110
Tremor
Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.		03.0110
Infections, Staphylococcal Skin
[description not available]		02.0810
Staphylococcal Skin Infections
Infections to the skin caused by bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		02.0810
Odontalgia
[description not available]		02.0810
Toothache
Pain in the adjacent areas of the teeth.		02.0810
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		04.9350
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.4620
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		02.4620
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		04.55250
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		07.65122
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		05.4230
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		05.4230
Lassitude
[description not available]		03.4811
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		08.4811
Pervasive Child Development Disorders
[description not available]		02.110
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive
Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.		02.110
Choroid Neovascularization
[description not available]		02.4620
Caries, Dental
[description not available]		02.420
Dental Caries
Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.		02.420
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		03.6290
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		02.1110
Cancer of Oropharnyx
[description not available]		02.1110
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		03.6290
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		02.1110
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OROPHARYNX.		02.1110
Alcoholic Liver Diseases
[description not available]		03.580
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic
Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.		03.580
Cystic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		02.1110
Kidney Diseases, Cystic
A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilaterally (KIDNEY, CYSTIC).		02.1110
Convulsions, Grand Mal
[description not available]		02.110
Absence Seizure Disorder
[description not available]		02.110
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic
A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)		02.110
Epilepsy, Absence
A seizure disorder usually occurring in childhood characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736)		02.110
Deficiency Diseases
A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)		07.79161
Metabolic Skin Diseases
[description not available]		02.1110
Tendinitis
Inflammation of TENDONS. It is characterized by the degeneration of tendons accompanied by an inflammatory repair response, fibroblastic proliferation, and formation of granulation tissue. Tendinitis is not a clinical diagnosis and can be confirmed only by histopathological findings.		02.1110
Tendinopathy
Clinical syndrome describing overuse tendon injuries characterized by a combination of PAIN, diffuse or localized swelling, and impaired performance.		02.1110
Recrudescence
[description not available]		04.341
E coli Infections
[description not available]		02.1110
Escherichia coli Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.		02.1110
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		02.8740
Arsenic Encephalopathy
[description not available]		02.1310
Hyperkeratosis Palmaris et Plantaris
[description not available]		02.1310
Hand Dermatosis
[description not available]		02.1310
Hand Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the HANDS.		02.1310
Active Hyperemia
[description not available]		03.511
Hyperemia
The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).		03.511
Heroin Abuse
[description not available]		02.1310
Heroin Dependence
Strong dependence or addiction, both physiological and emotional, upon HEROIN.		02.1310
Metabolically Benign Obesity
[description not available]		02.1110
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		07.75480
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		06.45160
Chondromalacia
Softening and degeneration of the CARTILAGE.		02.1110
Cartilage Diseases
Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE).		02.1110
Anterior Cervical Pain
[description not available]		03.5111
Neck Pain
Discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. This term generally refers to pain in the posterior or lateral regions of the neck.		08.5111
Spider Veins
[description not available]		02.1310
Eyelid Diseases
Diseases involving the EYELIDS.		03.8621
Telangiectasis
Permanent dilation of preexisting blood vessels (CAPILLARIES; ARTERIOLES; VENULES) creating small focal red lesions, most commonly in the skin or mucous membranes. It is characterized by the prominence of skin blood vessels, such as vascular spiders.		02.1310
Menopause
The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.		03.3520
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		03.4780
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		03.4780
Addison Disease and Cerebral Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.730
Adrenoleukodystrophy
An X-linked recessive disorder characterized by the accumulation of saturated very long chain fatty acids in the LYSOSOMES of ADRENAL CORTEX and the white matter of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This disease occurs almost exclusively in the males. Clinical features include the childhood onset of ATAXIA; NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HYPERPIGMENTATION; ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; SEIZURES; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and DEMENTIA. The slowly progressive adult form is called adrenomyeloneuropathy. The defective gene ABCD1 is located at Xq28, and encodes the adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS).		02.730
Pancreatic Insufficiency
[description not available]		010.8651
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
A malabsorption condition resulting from greater than 10% reduction in the secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes (LIPASE; PROTEASES; and AMYLASE) by the EXOCRINE PANCREAS into the DUODENUM. This condition is often associated with CYSTIC FIBROSIS and with chronic PANCREATITIS.		05.8651
Centriacinar Emphysema
[description not available]		04.4511
Metaplasia
A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.		02.1510
Condition, Preneoplastic
[description not available]		03.78110
Precancerous Conditions
Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.		03.78110
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia
A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.		02.7330
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
[description not available]		03.8921
Hyperinsulinism
A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.		02.7330
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.		03.8921
Hyperandrogenism
A condition caused by the excessive secretion of ANDROGENS from the ADRENAL CORTEX; the OVARIES; or the TESTES. The clinical significance in males is negligible. In women, the common manifestations are HIRSUTISM and VIRILISM as seen in patients with POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME and ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERFUNCTION.		02.1510
Infant, Premature, Diseases
Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.		05.1350
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
[description not available]		04.9940
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing
ENTEROCOLITIS with extensive ulceration (ULCER) and NECROSIS. It is observed primarily in LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT.		04.9940
Alveolitis, Fibrosing
[description not available]		02.1310
Pulmonary Fibrosis
A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.		02.1310
Abdominal Obesity
[description not available]		02.1510
Acne Rosacea
[description not available]		02.1510
Rosacea
A cutaneous disorder primarily of convexities of the central part of the FACE, such as FOREHEAD; CHEEK; NOSE; and CHIN. It is characterized by FLUSHING; ERYTHEMA; EDEMA; RHINOPHYMA; papules; and ocular symptoms. It may occur at any age but typically after age 30. There are various subtypes of rosacea: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular (National Rosacea Society's Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea, J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:584-7).		02.1510
alpha-L-Iduronidase Deficiency
[description not available]		02.1510
Mucopolysaccharidosis I
Systemic lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of alpha-L-iduronidase (IDURONIDASE) and characterized by progressive physical deterioration with urinary excretion of DERMATAN SULFATE and HEPARAN SULFATE. There are three recognized phenotypes representing a spectrum of clinical severity from severe to mild: Hurler syndrome, Hurler-Scheie syndrome and Scheie syndrome (formerly mucopolysaccharidosis V). Symptoms may include DWARFISM; hepatosplenomegaly; thick, coarse facial features with low nasal bridge; corneal clouding; cardiac complications; and noisy breathing.		02.1510
Congenital Icthyosis Mental Retardation Spasticity Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1510
Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome
An autosomal recessive neurocutaneous disorder characterized by severe ichthyosis MENTAL RETARDATION; SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA; and congenital ICHTHYOSIS. It is caused by mutation of gene encoding microsomal fatty ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE leading to defect in fatty alcohol metabolism.		02.1510
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.2460
Cicatrix, Hypertrophic
An elevated scar, resembling a KELOID, but which does not spread into surrounding tissues. It is formed by enlargement and overgrowth of cicatricial tissue and regresses spontaneously.		07.4744
Stasis Ulcer
[description not available]		07.4744
Varicose Ulcer
Skin breakdown or ulceration in the drainage area of a VARICOSE VEIN, usually in the leg.		07.4744
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		03.3870
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		08.3870
Poultry Diseases
Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.		03.3570
Alactasia
[description not available]		02.0410
Lactose Intolerance
The condition resulting from the absence or deficiency of LACTASE in the MUCOSA cells of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, and the inability to break down LACTOSE in milk for ABSORPTION. Bacterial fermentation of the unabsorbed lactose leads to symptoms that range from a mild indigestion (DYSPEPSIA) to severe DIARRHEA. Lactose intolerance may be an inborn error or acquired.		02.0410
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		02.4220
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		02.4220
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		06.11111
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		011.11111
Short Bowel Syndrome
A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of the SMALL INTESTINE, the absorptive region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.		02.7130
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		05.11170
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		05.11170
Intestinal Polyps
Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the INTESTINE. A polyp is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		02.0410
Cancer, Radiation-Induced
[description not available]		02.0510
Dermatitis, Radiation-Induced
[description not available]		02.3720
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei
[description not available]		02.0510
Radiodermatitis
A cutaneous inflammatory reaction occurring as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.		02.3720
Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome
[description not available]		02.9610
Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm
Dyssomnias associated with disruption of the normal 24 hour sleep wake cycle secondary to travel (e.g., JET LAG SYNDROME), shift work, or other causes.		02.9610
Lung Injury, Acute
[description not available]		02.0510
Acute Lung Injury
A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).		02.0510
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		02.0510
Leiomyosarcoma
A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)		07.0510
Enlarged Liver
[description not available]		02.4420
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		03.6190
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
[description not available]		02.0510
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular
Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.		02.0510
Reproductive Sterility
[description not available]		02.7130
Infertility
A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.		02.7130
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.0510
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		02.0510
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		02.9240
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		02.9240
Infections, Respiratory
[description not available]		03.821
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.		03.821
Schistosoma mansoni Infection
[description not available]		02.4120
Schistosomiasis mansoni
Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.		02.4120
Endotoxin Shock
[description not available]		02.0510
Shock, Septic
Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.		02.0510
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		02.420
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		03.3870
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		08.3870
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial
[description not available]		02.0510
Mitochondrial Diseases
Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.		02.0510
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired
[description not available]		02.0610
Anemia, Hemolytic
A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).		02.0610
Refeeding Syndrome
A condition of metabolic imbalance that is caused by complications of initially feeding a severely malnourished patient too aggressively. Usually occurring within the first 5 days of refeeding, this syndrome is characterized by WATER-ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS; and DIARRHEA.		02.0610
Cataract, Membranous
[description not available]		02.0610
Cataract
Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0610
Adult Refsum Disease
[description not available]		02.0610
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		03.1150
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		03.1150
HbS Disease
[description not available]		02.0610
Anemia, Sickle Cell
A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.		02.0610
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.		02.0610
Chloasma
[description not available]		03.8221
Melanosis
Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.		03.8221
Deficiency, Vitamin E
[description not available]		05.13180
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		04.7970
Depression, Involutional
Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.		02.0710
Depressive Disorder, Major
Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)		02.0710
Sunburn
An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.		02.0710
Urinary Tract Infections
Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.		02.0710
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
[description not available]		03.8240
Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.		03.8240
Intertrochanteric Fractures
[description not available]		02.0710
Hip Fractures
Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).		02.0710
Congenital Fissure of the Abdominal Cavity
[description not available]		02.0710
Gastroschisis
A congenital defect with major fissure in the ABDOMINAL WALL lateral to, but not at, the UMBILICUS. This results in the extrusion of VISCERA. Unlike OMPHALOCELE, herniated structures in gastroschisis are not covered by a sac or PERITONEUM.		07.0710
Stillbirth
The event that a FETUS is born dead or stillborn.		02.0710
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		02.9240
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		07.9240
Eosinophilia, Tropical
[description not available]		02.0710
Eosinophilia
Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.		02.0710
Peripheral Arterial Diseases
[description not available]		02.0710
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.		02.0710
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		03.8440
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		03.0950
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning
Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.		03.0650
Rodent Diseases
Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).		02.0710
Child Malnutrition
Malnutrition occurring in children ages 2 to 12 years, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.		02.0810
Infant Malnutrition
Malnutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.		02.420
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
[description not available]		02.7130
Peritoneal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.		02.7130
Luft Disease
[description not available]		02.0110
Mitochondrial Myopathies
A group of muscle diseases associated with abnormal mitochondria function.		02.0110
Dermatitis, Contact, Phototoxic
[description not available]		03.6290
Embolism, Fat
Blocking of a blood vessel by fat deposits in the circulation. It is often seen after fractures of large bones or after administration of CORTICOSTEROIDS.		02.0110
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.		012.6814
Pregnancy in Diabetes
[description not available]		02.3920
Angiospasm, Intracranial
[description not available]		02.0110
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid
[description not available]		02.0110
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.		02.0110
Vasospasm, Intracranial
Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).		02.0110
Animal Diseases
Diseases that occur in VERTEBRATE animals.		02.0110
Zoonoses
Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.		02.0110
Fetal Growth Restriction
[description not available]		02.4220
Fetal Growth Retardation
Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.		02.4220
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast
An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.		02.0110
Cachexia
General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.		08.3220
Animal Mammary Carcinoma
[description not available]		03.2360
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		02.9240
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		02.9240
Genetic Diseases, X-Chromosome Linked
[description not available]		02.3620
Acute-Phase Reaction
An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.		02.0110
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Drying and inflammation of the conjunctiva as a result of insufficient lacrimal secretion. When found in association with XEROSTOMIA and polyarthritis, it is called SJOGREN'S SYNDROME.		04.3111
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		05.46151
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		05.46151
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		02.0110
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		02.4120
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		02.4120
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		03.3770
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		02.0110
Delayed Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		04.3141
Ametropia
[description not available]		04.3111
Refractive Errors
Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus.		04.3111
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		04.2870
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		04.2870
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive
[description not available]		02.9310
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections
Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.		02.9310
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
[description not available]		04.2840
Kidney, Polycystic
[description not available]		02.4320
Polycystic Kidney Diseases
Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance.		02.4320
Avitaminosis
A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.0350
Bleeding
[description not available]		02.8540
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		07.8540
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic
[description not available]		03.8121
Diseases of Immune System
[description not available]		03.7840
Immune System Diseases
Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.		03.7840
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.		03.3470
Ascites
Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.		02.6330
Anemia, Hypochromic
Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)		01.9310
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		02.3420
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		02.3420
Dermatitis Seborrheica
[description not available]		01.9310
Dermatitis, Seborrheic
A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with unknown etiology. It is characterized by moderate ERYTHEMA, dry, moist, or greasy (SEBACEOUS GLAND) scaling and yellow crusted patches on various areas, especially the scalp, that exfoliate as dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis is common in children and adolescents with HIV INFECTIONS.		01.9310
Petechiae
Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage.		01.9310
Purpura
Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is		01.9310
Lipidoses
Conditions characterized by abnormal lipid deposition due to disturbance in lipid metabolism, such as hereditary diseases involving lysosomal enzymes required for lipid breakdown. They are classified either by the enzyme defect or by the type of lipid involved.		02.8640
Biliary Cirrhosis
[description not available]		01.9310
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary
FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.		01.9310
Albinism, Ocular
Albinism affecting the eye in which pigment of the hair and skin is normal or only slightly diluted. The classic type is X-linked (Nettleship-Falls), but an autosomal recessive form also exists. Ocular abnormalities may include reduced pigmentation of the iris, nystagmus, photophobia, strabismus, and decreased visual acuity.		01.9310
Sarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		02.3420
Sarcoma
A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.		02.3420
EHS Tumor
[description not available]		02.3620
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver
[description not available]		01.9310
Hepatitis
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.		02.8640
Abetalipoproteinemia
An autosomal recessive disorder of lipid metabolism. It is caused by mutation of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein that catalyzes the transport of lipids (TRIGLYCERIDES; CHOLESTEROL ESTERS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS) and is required in the secretion of BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low density lipoproteins or LDL). Features include defective intestinal lipid absorption, very low serum cholesterol level, and near absent LDL.		02.8640
Celiac Sprue
[description not available]		05.3451
Central Nervous System Disease
[description not available]		01.9310
Pigmentary Retinopathy
[description not available]		02.3420
Celiac Disease
A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.		05.3451
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.		01.9310
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the retina due to death of ROD PHOTORECEPTORS initially and subsequent death of CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It is characterized by deposition of pigment in the retina.		02.3420
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.3420
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		02.3420
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		03.5990
Injuries, Radiation
[description not available]		02.3420
Experimental Radiation Injuries
[description not available]		02.8740
Kidney Stones
[description not available]		02.3620
Kidney Calculi
Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.		02.3620
Deficiency, Pyridoxine
[description not available]		01.9310
Respiratory Tract Diseases
Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.		01.9310
Hypertension, Renal
Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.		02.3720
Brain Disorders
[description not available]		02.6330
Brain Diseases
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.		02.6330
Muscular Dystrophy
[description not available]		07.8640
Muscular Dystrophies
A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.		02.8640
Aortic Stenosis
[description not available]		01.9310
Gallstone Disease
[description not available]		02.6430
Cardiac Neurosis
[description not available]		01.9310
Pleurisy
INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.		01.9310
Aortic Valve Stenosis
A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.		01.9310
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.		01.9310
Cholelithiasis
Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).		02.6430
Deficiency, Protein
[description not available]		02.8640
Broad Beta Disease
[description not available]		01.9410
Apolipoprotein C-II Deficiency
[description not available]		01.9410
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III
An autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by the accumulation of intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL or broad-beta-lipoprotein). IDL has a CHOLESTEROL to TRIGLYCERIDES ratio greater than that of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. This disorder is due to mutation of APOLIPOPROTEINS E, a receptor-binding component of VLDL and CHYLOMICRONS, resulting in their reduced clearance and high plasma levels of both cholesterol and triglycerides.		01.9410
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type I
An inherited condition due to a deficiency of either LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE or APOLIPOPROTEIN C-II (a lipase-activating protein). The lack of lipase activities results in inability to remove CHYLOMICRONS and TRIGLYCERIDES from the blood which has a creamy top layer after standing.		01.9410
Cerebromalacia
[description not available]		02.8740
Electrolytes
Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		05.1662
Ataxia
Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.		03.2720
Central Hypothyroidism
[description not available]		02.6430
Hypothyroidism
A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.		02.6430
Biliary Calculi
[description not available]		01.9410
Gallstones
Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.		06.9410
Abnormalities, Congenital
[description not available]		01.9410
Blood Protein Disorders
Hematologic diseases caused by structural or functional defects of BLOOD PROTEINS.		01.9410
Focal Neurologic Deficits
[description not available]		01.9410
Pleural Effusion
Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.		01.9410
Diabetic Angiopathies
VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.		05.6670
Steatorrhea
A condition that is characterized by chronic fatty DIARRHEA, a result of abnormal DIGESTION and/or INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of FATS.		01.9410
Addison's Anemia
[description not available]		01.9410
Metabolic Acidosis
[description not available]		02.3720
Acidosis
A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.		02.3720
Bilharziasis
[description not available]		01.9410
Schistosomiasis
Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.		01.9410
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		02.6630
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		02.6630
Angor Pectoris
[description not available]		02.3520
Angina Pectoris
The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.		02.3520
Anaplastic Ependymoma
[description not available]		01.9410
Ependymoma
Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)		01.9410
Hepatitis, Infectious
[description not available]		01.9410
Hepatitis A
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.		01.9410
Deficiency, Thiamine
[description not available]		01.9410
Thiamine Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)		01.9410
Nutritional Disorders
[description not available]		05.0660
Swine Diseases
Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.		02.8940
Nutrition Disorders
Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.		05.0660
Hypervitaminosis A
A symptom complex resulting from ingesting excessive amounts of VITAMIN A.		01.9410
Choline Deficiency
A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)		01.9410
MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
[description not available]		07.02172
Multiple Sclerosis
An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)		07.02172
Cocaine Abuse
[description not available]		02.0110
Cocaine-Related Disorders
Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.		02.0110
Lymphocytopenia
[description not available]		02.0110
Circoviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the CIRCOVIRIDAE.		02.0110
Lymphopenia
Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.		02.0110
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		03.5930
Bovine Diseases
[description not available]		03.0850
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		03.0550
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		03.0550
Gastritis
Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.		02.4120
Hypermelanosis
[description not available]		03.821
Hyperpigmentation
Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.		08.821
Cerebral Pseudosclerosis
[description not available]		02.0210
Hepatolenticular Degeneration
A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years.		02.0210
Coronary Restenosis
Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.		02.9310
Aortic Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.		02.730
Infections, Pseudomonas
[description not available]		02.0210
Pseudomonas Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.		02.0210
Cardiac Death
[description not available]		02.0210
Cancer of Intestines
[description not available]		02.4120
Intestinal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.		02.4120
Cane-Cutter Fever
[description not available]		02.0210
Leptospirosis
Infections with bacteria of the genus LEPTOSPIRA.		02.0210
Adenoma, Prostatic
[description not available]		02.0210
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.		02.0210
Nephrocalcinosis
A condition characterized by calcification of the renal tissue itself. It is usually seen in distal RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS with calcium deposition in the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES and the surrounding interstitium. Nephrocalcinosis causes RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		02.0210
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae
[description not available]		02.0210
Orthomyxoviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.		02.0210
Carcinoma, Thymic
[description not available]		02.0210
Cancer of the Thymus
[description not available]		02.0210
Thymoma
A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0210
Thymus Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.		02.0210
Brain Swelling
[description not available]		02.0210
Brain Edema
Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)		02.0210
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		04.480
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		04.480
Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective
[description not available]		05.5461
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II
A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).		05.5461
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		02.6930
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		02.6930
Becker Muscular Dystrophy
[description not available]		02.0310
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne
An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)		02.0310
Community Acquired Infection
[description not available]		02.0210
Acidosis, Diabetic
[description not available]		02.0210
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.		02.0210
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic
[description not available]		02.0310
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal
Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.		02.0310
Gestational Hypertension
[description not available]		03.4111
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced
A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (		03.4111
Sicca Syndrome
[description not available]		03.4111
Sjogren's Syndrome
Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.		03.4111
Hyperphagia
Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.		01.9810
Academic Disorder, Developmental
[description not available]		02.3920
Learning Disabilities
Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.		02.3920
Joint Pain
[description not available]		03.4111
Arthralgia
Pain in the joint.		03.4111
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		04.341
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		04.341
Esophageal Reflux
[description not available]		02.0310
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.		02.0310
Sterility, Male
[description not available]		03.7921
Infertility, Male
The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.		03.7921
Acquired Facial Neuropathy
[description not available]		02.0310
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, Familial
[description not available]		03.821
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli
A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood.		03.821
Cat Diseases
Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.		02.9410
Cardiac Arrest, Sudden
[description not available]		02.4120
Death, Sudden, Cardiac
Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)		02.4120
Anemias, Iron-Deficiency
[description not available]		03.4211
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency
Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.		03.4211
Cacosmia
[description not available]		02.4220
Colonic Inertia
Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.		03.4211
Constipation
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.		03.4211
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular
[description not available]		02.0310
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.		02.0310
Adipocere
[description not available]		07.4120
Asphyxia Neonatorum
Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0310
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy
[description not available]		04.0150
Diabetic Neuropathies
Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)		04.0150
Obstructive Lung Diseases
[description not available]		02.0410
Lung Diseases, Obstructive
Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.		02.0410
Hay Fever
[description not available]		02.0410
Rhinitis, Allergic, Nonseasonal
[description not available]		02.0410
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS.		02.0410
Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc.		02.0410
Dry Eye
[description not available]		02.0410
Dry Eye Syndromes
Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.		02.0410
Leukemia, Acute Monocytic
[description not available]		02.0410
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage including monoblasts, promonocytes, and MONOCYTES.		02.0410
Cancer of Eye
[description not available]		01.9610
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma
[description not available]		01.9610
Retinoblastoma
A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)		01.9610
Experimental Leukemia
[description not available]		02.8840
Premenstrual Tension
A term used to describe the psychological aspects of PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME, such as the indescribable tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in women with seizure disorder.		02.6630
Premenstrual Syndrome
A combination of distressing physical, psychologic, or behavioral changes that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of PMS are diverse (such as pain, water-retention, anxiety, cravings, and depression) and they diminish markedly 2 or 3 days after the initiation of menses.		02.6630
Goldblatt Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3720
Hypertension, Renovascular
Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.		02.3720
Diabetic Retinopathy
Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.		04.2741
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood
[description not available]		01.9610
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe
A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).		01.9610
Alcohol Abuse
[description not available]		04.9690
Alcoholism
A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)		04.9690
Fibrosarcoma
A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.8940
Polyuria
Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS).		01.9610
Infection, Postoperative Wound
[description not available]		02.3720
Deficiency, Vitamin D
[description not available]		01.9610
Vitamin D Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)		01.9610
Intraocular Pressure
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.		01.9610
Pericementitis
[description not available]		01.9610
Periodontitis
Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)		01.9610
Dental Plaque
A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.		01.9610
Malabsorption Syndromes
General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.		05.1941
Muscle Disorders
[description not available]		02.3620
Muscular Diseases
Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.		02.3620
Reticulum Cell-Like Sarcoma, Yoshida
[description not available]		01.9810
Dermatitis, Irritant
A non-allergic contact dermatitis caused by prolonged exposure to irritants and not explained by delayed hypersensitivity mechanisms.		03.7821
Abnormality, Heart
[description not available]		02.420
Heart Defects, Congenital
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.		02.420
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		03.0950
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		03.0950
Kwashiorkor
A syndrome produced by severe protein deficiency, characterized by retarded growth, changes in skin and hair pigment, edema, and pathologic changes in the liver, including fatty infiltration, necrosis, and fibrosis. The word is a local name in Gold Coast, Africa, meaning displaced child. Although first reported from Africa, kwashiorkor is now known throughout the world, but mainly in the tropics and subtropics. It is considered to be related to marasmus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.6730
Alcoholic Cirrhosis
[description not available]		04.2120
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic
FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.		04.2120
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
[description not available]		01.9810
Cot Death
[description not available]		02.3920
Respiratory Insufficiency
Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9810
Gastroduodenal Ulcer
[description not available]		02.3920
Peptic Ulcer
Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		02.3920
Genital Diseases, Male
Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).		03.3711
Varicocele
A condition characterized by the dilated tortuous veins of the SPERMATIC CORD with a marked left-sided predominance. Adverse effect on male fertility occurs when varicocele leads to an increased scrotal (and testicular) temperature and reduced testicular volume.		03.3711
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		01.9810
Atopic Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		04.1660
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		02.6830
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.		02.6830
Haemophilus Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.		01.9810
Muscle Relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.		01.9810
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		02.3820
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.		02.3820
Infections, Paramyxoviridae
[description not available]		01.9810
Paramyxoviridae Infections
Infections with viruses of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. This includes MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTIONS; RESPIROVIRUS INFECTIONS; PNEUMOVIRUS INFECTIONS; HENIPAVIRUS INFECTIONS; AVULAVIRUS INFECTIONS; and RUBULAVIRUS INFECTIONS.		01.9810
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
[description not available]		02.3920
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.		02.3920
Infections, Pneumococcal
[description not available]		01.9810
Pneumococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.		01.9810
Atresia, Biliary
[description not available]		04.0631
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		03.7621
Icterus Gravis Neonatorum
[description not available]		03.3711
Biliary Atresia
Progressive destruction or the absence of all or part of the extrahepatic BILE DUCTS, resulting in the complete obstruction of BILE flow. Usually, biliary atresia is found in infants and accounts for one third of the neonatal cholestatic JAUNDICE.		04.0631
Jaundice, Neonatal
Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES.		03.3711
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		03.7621
Cerebellar Diseases
Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.		01.9810
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral
[description not available]		01.9810
Muscular Dystrophy, Animal
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY that occurs in VERTEBRATE animals.		02.3820
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		01.9810
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms
[description not available]		01.9810
Angioblastic Meningioma
[description not available]		01.9810
Meningeal Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.		01.9810
Meningioma
A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)		06.9810
Pellagra
A disease due to deficiency of NIACIN, a B-complex vitamin, or its precursor TRYPTOPHAN. It is characterized by scaly DERMATITIS which is often associated with DIARRHEA and DEMENTIA (the three D's).		01.9810
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		02.3820
Hypocalcemia
Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9810
Polyarthritis
[description not available]		01.9810
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		01.9810
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		01.9910
BH4 Deficiency
[description not available]		02.3920
Phenylketonurias
A group of autosomal recessive disorders marked by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE or less frequently by reduced activity of DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (i.e., atypical phenylketonuria). Classical phenylketonuria is caused by a severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and presents in infancy with developmental delay; SEIZURES; skin HYPOPIGMENTATION; ECZEMA; and demyelination in the central nervous system. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p952).		02.3920
Barrett Epithelium
[description not available]		01.9810
Barrett Esophagus
A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.		01.9810
Malassezia furfur Infection
[description not available]		01.9910
Tinea Versicolor
A common chronic, noninflammatory and usually symptomless disorder, characterized by the occurrence of multiple macular patches of all sizes and shapes, and varying in pigmentation from fawn-colored to brown. It is seen most frequently in hot, humid, tropical regions and is mostly caused by MALASSEZIA FURFUR (formerly Pityrosporum orbiculare).		01.9910
Retinal Degeneration
A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)		02.6730
Deficiency, Vitamin A
[description not available]		02.420
Vitamin A Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)		02.420
Amnesia-Memory Loss
[description not available]		01.9910
Amnesia
Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)		01.9910
Cholangitis
Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.		01.9910
Papilloma, Squamous Cell
[description not available]		02.6830
Papilloma
A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.6830
Alcoholic Intoxication
An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.		01.9910
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness
[description not available]		03.8210
Nasal Catarrh
[description not available]		03.8210
Rhinitis
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.		03.8210
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		02.420
Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		02.3820
Hives
[description not available]		01.9810
Dermatitis, Contact
A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.		02.3820
Urticaria
A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.		01.9810
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.		02.420
Arterial Obstructive Diseases
[description not available]		01.9910
Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.		01.9910
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		02.420
Allergic Encephalomyelitis
[description not available]		01.9910
Keloid
A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.		02.9140
Choriocarcinoma
A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).		03.3220
Deficiency Disease, Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase
[description not available]		01.9910
Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders, Inborn
[description not available]		01.9910
Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease
An inherited urea cycle disorder associated with deficiency of the enzyme ORNITHINE CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE, transmitted as an X-linked trait and featuring elevations of amino acids and ammonia in the serum. Clinical features, which are more prominent in males, include seizures, behavioral alterations, episodic vomiting, lethargy, and coma. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp49-50)		01.9910
Carcinoma 256, Walker
A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.420
Cancer of Larynx
[description not available]		01.9910
Laryngeal Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.		01.9910
AIDS Seroconversion
[description not available]		01.9910
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial
[description not available]		02.3820
Carcinoma, Basal Cell, Pigmented
[description not available]		01.9910
Carcinoma in Situ
A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.		02.3820
Carcinoma, Basal Cell
A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)		01.9910
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
[description not available]		02.3920
Astrocytoma
Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)		02.3920
Cancer of Sigmoid
[description not available]		01.9910
Basophilic Leukemia, Acute
[description not available]		02.3920
Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute
A rare acute myeloid leukemia in which the primary differentiation is to BASOPHILS. It is characterized by an extreme increase of immature basophilic granulated cells in the bone marrow and blood. Mature basophils are usually sparse.		02.3920
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		02.8940
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		02.8940
Albuminuria
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		04.0631
Endotoxemia
A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.		02.420
Cadaver
A dead body, usually a human body.		0210
Esophagitis, Reflux
[description not available]		0210
Esophagitis, Peptic
INFLAMMATION of the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by the reflux of GASTRIC JUICE with contents of the STOMACH and DUODENUM.		0210
Rubeola
[description not available]		0210
Koch's Disease
[description not available]		0210
Measles
A highly contagious infectious disease caused by MORBILLIVIRUS, common among children but also seen in the nonimmune of any age, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and multiplies in the epithelial cells, spreading throughout the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM.		0210
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		0210
Cerebral Malaria
[description not available]		0210
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		03.320
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		03.320
Puerperal Disorders
Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans.		0210
Encephalopathy, Hepatic
[description not available]		0210
Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		0210
Hepatic Encephalopathy
A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)		0210
Liver Failure
Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)		0210
Infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4120
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn
A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.		02.4120
Di Guglielmo Disease
[description not available]		0210
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.		0210
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		02.9210
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		02.9210
Hibernation, Myocardial
[description not available]		0210
Bile Duct Obstruction
[description not available]		02.3920
Cholestasis
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).		02.3920
Dermatomycoses
Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.		0210
External Ear Inflammation
[description not available]		0210
Otitis Externa
Inflammation of the OUTER EAR including the external EAR CANAL, cartilages of the auricle (EAR CARTILAGE), and the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.		0210
Chronic Hepatitis C
[description not available]		03.3911
Hepatitis C, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		03.3911
Infections, Listeria
[description not available]		0210
Onchocerciasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus ONCHOCERCA. Characteristics include the presence of firm subcutaneous nodules filled with adult worms, PRURITUS, and ocular lesions.		0210
Disease
A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.		07.9210
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.		0210
Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia
[description not available]		0210
Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined
A type of familial lipid metabolism disorder characterized by a variable pattern of elevated plasma CHOLESTEROL and/or TRIGLYCERIDES. Multiple genes on different chromosomes may be involved, such as the major late transcription factor (UPSTREAM STIMULATORY FACTORS) on CHROMOSOME 1.		0210
Leanness
[description not available]		0210
Infections, Spirochaetales
[description not available]		02.4120
Wasting Disease
[description not available]		02.0110
Asystole
[description not available]		02.9210
Heart Arrest
Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.		02.9210
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		02.0110
Bronchial Hyperreactivity
Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.		02.0110
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung
A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.		02.0110
Nasal Polyps
Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations.		01.9810
Complications, Neoplastic Pregnancy
[description not available]		01.9810
Enlarged Spleen
[description not available]		01.9810
Infant, Small for Gestational Age
An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.		01.9810
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		01.9810
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		01.9810
Mycosis Fungoides
A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected.		01.9810
Anesthesia Related Hyperthermia
[description not available]		01.9810
Nephritis
Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.		01.9710
Health Care Associated Infection
[description not available]		01.9810
Cross Infection
Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.		01.9810
Leishmania Infection
[description not available]		01.9710
Leishmaniasis
A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).		01.9710
Chorea Disorders
[description not available]		01.9710
Chorea
Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.		01.9710
Hansen Disease
[description not available]		01.9710
Leprosy
A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.		01.9710
Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		02.8910
Extramembranous Glomerulopathy
[description not available]		01.9710
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous
A type of glomerulonephritis that is characterized by the accumulation of immune deposits (COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) on the outer aspect of the GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE. It progresses from subepithelial dense deposits, to basement membrane reaction and eventual thickening of the basement membrane.		01.9710
Acantholytic Dyskeratotic Epidermal Nevi
[description not available]		01.9710
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		02.3820
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		02.3820
Hyperlipoproteinemia
[description not available]		03.9850
Carbohydrate Inducible Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		01.9710
Hyperchylomicronemia Late Onset
[description not available]		01.9710
Hyperlipoproteinemias
Conditions with abnormally elevated levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. They may be inherited, acquired, primary, or secondary. Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the pattern of lipoproteins on electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation.		03.9850
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV
A hypertriglyceridemia disorder, often with autosomal dominant inheritance. It is characterized by the persistent elevations of plasma TRIGLYCERIDES, endogenously synthesized and contained predominantly in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins). In contrast, the plasma CHOLESTEROL and PHOSPHOLIPIDS usually remain within normal limits.		01.9710
Cell Transformation, Viral
An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.		02.3720
Foreign-Body Reaction
Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.		01.9710
Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic
[description not available]		01.9710
Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Error
[description not available]		01.9710
Cardiac Complex, Premature
[description not available]		02.8810
Encopresis
Incontinence of feces not due to organic defect or illness.		02.8810
Enuresis
Involuntary discharge of URINE after expected age of completed development of urinary control. This can happen during the daytime (DIURNAL ENURESIS) while one is awake or during sleep (NOCTURNAL ENURESIS). Enuresis can be in children or in adults (as persistent primary enuresis and secondary adult-onset enuresis).		02.8810
Hematochezia
The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.		02.6630
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.		02.6630
Injuries, Multiple
[description not available]		01.9710
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell
[description not available]		01.9710
Leukemia, T-Cell
A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.		01.9710
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		02.8910
Gall Bladder Diseases
[description not available]		02.8910
Adenofibroma
A benign neoplasm composed of glandular and fibrous tissues, with a relatively large proportion of glands. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9710
Deficiency, Magnesium
[description not available]		01.9710
Magnesium Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)		01.9710
Fibroma, Shope
[description not available]		01.9710
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
[description not available]		03.2920
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.		03.2920
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans
Common occlusive arterial disease which is caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS. It is characterized by lesions in the innermost layer (ARTERIAL INTIMA) of arteries including the AORTA and its branches to the extremities. Risk factors include smoking, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, and HYPERTENSION.		03.3511
Fatty Liver with Encephalopathy
[description not available]		03.810
Acrodermatitis
Inflammation involving the skin of the extremities, especially the hands and feet. Several forms are known, some idiopathic and some hereditary. The infantile form is called Gianotti-Crosti syndrome.		04.220
Bronchial Diseases
Diseases involving the BRONCHI.		01.9710
Brain Vascular Disorders
[description not available]		02.3720
Cerebrovascular Disorders
A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.		02.3720
Dermatitis, Poison Ivy
[description not available]		01.9610
Fallot's Tetralogy
[description not available]		01.9710
Tetralogy of Fallot
A combination of congenital heart defects consisting of four key features including VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS; PULMONARY STENOSIS; RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; and a dextro-positioned AORTA. In this condition, blood from both ventricles (oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor) is pumped into the body often causing CYANOSIS.		01.9710
Bright Disease
A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.		02.3720
Hypersensitivity, Type III
[description not available]		02.3720
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		02.3720
Alcoholic Fatty Liver
[description not available]		03.7620
Infant, Newborn, Diseases
Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.		01.9710
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		01.9710
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		01.9710
Fistula
Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.		01.9710
Leukemia, Lymphocytic
[description not available]		01.9710
Leukemia, Lymphoid
Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.		01.9710
Death, Sudden
The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.		01.9710
Granulomas
[description not available]		01.9610
Granuloma
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.		01.9610
Plasma Cell Tumor
[description not available]		01.9610
Plasmacytoma
Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.		01.9610
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction
[description not available]		01.9710
Amentia
[description not available]		01.9710
Cerebral Infarction
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).		01.9710
Dementia
An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.		01.9710
Fusiform Aneurysm
Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS.		01.9610
Hemorrhage, Retinal
[description not available]		01.9610
Aneurysm
Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics.		01.9610
Infectious Diseases
[description not available]		01.9610
Communicable Diseases
An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.		01.9610
Cocarcinogenesis
The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.		01.9610
Ataxia with Lactic Acidosis 2
[description not available]		02.8810
Ataxia with Lactic Acidosis
[description not available]		02.8810
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency Disease
An inherited metabolic disorder caused by deficient enzyme activity in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX, resulting in deficiency of acetyl CoA and reduced synthesis of acetylcholine. Two clinical forms are recognized: neonatal and juvenile. The neonatal form is a relatively common cause of lactic acidosis in the first weeks of life and may also feature an erythematous rash. The juvenile form presents with lactic acidosis, alopecia, intermittent ATAXIA; SEIZURES; and an erythematous rash. (From J Inherit Metab Dis 1996;19(4):452-62) Autosomal recessive and X-linked forms are caused by mutations in the genes for the three different enzyme components of this multisubunit pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. One of the mutations at Xp22.2-p22.1 in the gene for the E1 alpha component of the complex leads to LEIGH DISEASE.		02.8810