Page last updated: 2024-09-28

Coloboma

Congenital anomaly in which some of the structures of the eye are absent due to incomplete fusion of the fetal intraocular fissure during gestation.

Synonyms(6)

Synonym
Uveoretinal Coloboma
Ocular Coloboma
Coloboma, Ocular
Coloboma, Uveoretinal
Coloboma
Coloboma Of Iris, Choroid, And Retina

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Typical isolated ocular coloboma is a congenital abnormality caused by a defective closure of the embryonic fissure of the optic cup."( Barros-Nuñez, P; Garcia-Cruz, D; Medina, C; Mendoza, R; Sanchez-Corona, J, 1995)
"Chylothorax and colobomas are uncommon features reported in Noonan syndrome."( Alves, VV; Carvalho, DR; Minaré-Júnior, A; Peres, LC; Pina-Neto, JM; Ramos, ES, 2003)
"The choroidal coloboma is a congenital malformation that results from an anomaly of the embryonic fissure."( El Moussaif, H; Kermane, A; Mohcine, Z; Tachfouti, S, 2004)
"Iris coloboma is particularly important in terms of perinatal diagnosis because its detection in the newborn requires a careful and regular examination of the lens."( Beby, F; Bozon, M; Commeaux, C; Denis, P; Edery, P; Morlé, L, 2007)
"Lens coloboma is a rare congenital disorder of crystalline lens characterized by notching of the equator of the lens."( Hu, Z; Li, J; Ma, X, 2011)
"Ocular coloboma is sometimes accompanied by corectopia in humans and therefore ectopic pupil may indicate ocular coloboma in experimental animals."( Matsuura, T; Narama, I; Ozaki, K; Tsuji, N, 2011)
"Ocular coloboma is a potentially blinding congenital eye malformation caused by failure of optic fissure closure during early embryogenesis."( Inbal, A; Kaufman, R; Michaeli, N; Weiss, O, 2012)
"Congenital ocular colobomas are the result of a failure in closure of the embryonal fissure."( Berbis, J; Denis, D; Girard, N; Levy-Mozziconacci, A; Matonti, F, 2013)
"Coloboma is a congenital disease that contributes significantly to childhood blindness."( Chen, S; Lewis, B; Moran, A; Xie, T, 2012)
"Ocular coloboma is a congenital defect resulting from failure of normal closure of the optic fissure during embryonic eye development."( Bacchelli, C; Beales, PL; Bitner-Glindzicz, M; Buck, A; Chanudet, E; Islam, L; Jacques, TS; Kelberman, D; Kohlhase, J; Lakowski, J; Lehmann, OJ; Lescai, F; Liasis, A; Nischal, KK; Patel, A; Sowden, JC; Stupka, E; Wolf, S, 2014)
"Ocular coloboma is a sight-threatening malformation caused by failure of the choroid fissure to close during morphogenesis of the eye, and is frequently associated with additional anomalies, including microphthalmia and cataracts."( Fichera, M; Lehmann, OJ; Lo-Castro, A; Morris, AC; Musumeci, SA; Pillai-Kastoori, L; Strachan, E; Wen, W; Wilson, SG, 2014)
"Coloboma is a term used to denote a partial or complete absence of specific ocular tissues."( Loba, P; Wilcynski, M, 2016)
"Congenital ocular colobomas are due to incomplete closure of the fetal fissure during organogenesis."( Zerkaoui, N, 2018)
"Ocular coloboma is an uncommon, but often severe, sight-threatening condition that can be identified from birth."( ALSomiry, AS; Gregory-Evans, CY; Gregory-Evans, K, 2019)
"Retinal coloboma is a rare condition which is difficult to diagnose in foetuses."( Barjol, A; Bault, JP; Collin, A; Egloff, C; Mandelbrot, L; Picone, O; Sibiude, J; Simon, I; Tassin, M, 2020)
"Ocular coloboma is caused by failure of optic fissure closure during development and recognized as part of the microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma (MAC) spectrum."( Basel, D; McCarrier, J; Reis, LM; Semina, EV; Weinberg, DV, 2020)
"Ocular coloboma is a congenital disorder of the eye where a gap exists in the inferior retina, lens, iris, or optic nerve tissue."( Dicipulo, R; Fox, SC; Lehmann, OJ; Waskiewicz, AJ; Yoon, KH, 2020)
"Ocular coloboma is a congenital eye malformation, resulting from a failure in optic fissure closure (OFC) and causing visual impairment."( Anderson, G; Balys, M; Galea, GL; Patel, A; Sowden, JC, 2020)
"Ocular coloboma is a developmental eye disorder that presents as a physical gap in the ventral eye, and is a major cause of childhood blindness."( Hardy, H; Rainger, J, 2023)

Context

ExcerptReference
"Clinically, coloboma has been described as a feature in a WDR37-related disorder and a PACS1-related disorder (Schuurs-Hoeijmakers syndrome), but not in a PACS2-related disorder."( Kosaki, K; Miyama, S; Sakaguchi, Y; Takenouchi, T; Uehara, T; Yoshihashi, H, 2021)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"The natural history of an untreated coloboma with an orbital cleft in a 14-year-old girl is presented."( Sergott, TJ; Vistnes, LM, 1986)
"The authors treated a case of colobomatous ocular cyst associated with a mild microphthalmos by cyst excision and pedicle ligature, via a transconjunctival orbitotomy."( Leccisotti, A; Polito, E, 1995)
"Retinal detachment secondary to coloboma of choroid is treated best by pars plana vitrectomy along with silicone oil tamponade."( Agrawal, R; Badrinath, SS; Bhende, PS; Deshpande, DA; Gopal, L; Parikh, SN; Shanmugam, MS; Sharma, T, 1998)
"The size of the coloboma in gup zebrafish mutants treated with diferuloylmethane was greatly reduced."( Gregory-Evans, CY; Gregory-Evans, K; Moosajee, M; Shan, X, 2011)

Research

Studies (626)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-1990278 (44.41)23.3326
1990's92 (14.70)12.5806
2000's98 (15.65)18.1394
2010's114 (18.21)28.8240
2020's44 (7.03)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
quinacrine0low10
salicylic acid0low50
phenytoin0low10
carbamazepine0low10
amphetamine0low20
valproic acid0low20
dsp 40low20
erythrosine0low60
2-propanol0low3730
apnea0low10
oxyphenbutazone0low10
potassium chloride0low10
pramoxine0low10
saccharin0low10
spiperone0low10
thalidomide0low30
lysergic acid diethylamide0low10
thymidine0low20
bromodeoxyuridine0low10
aniline0low10
ampicillin0low10
cytarabine0low10
perfluoroethane0low10
perflutren0low30
perfluorodecalin0low10
perfluorooctane0low20
testosterone enanthate0low10
ethylnitrosourea0low10
fluorescein0low10
sulfur hexafluoride0low10
enbucrilate0low10
silver0low10
trolamine salicylate0low10
transferrin0low10
glutamic acid0low10
timolol0low10
propiconazole0low490
fomesafen0low10
perfluorophenanthrene0low10
fibrinogen0low10
organophosphonates0low10
inositol 3-phosphate0low60
netilmicin0low10
cyclopamine0low20
tretinoin0low20
retinol0low30
mycophenolic acid0low20
bromochloroacetic acid0low10
arginine vasopressin0low20
curcumin0low10
methimazole0low10
ethylenethiourea0low10
succimer0low10
freedom0low10
alpha-chymotrypsin0low10
rutin0low10
travoprost0low10
phenylephrine hydrochloride0low410
desonide0low10
latanoprost0low10
iridal0low10
cysteine0low10
indocyanine green0low20
cytochrome c-t0low10
thymosin0low10
transforming growth factor beta0low40
cyclin d10low10
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone0low20
eye0low1030
concanavalin a0low10

Protein Targets (837)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit6006
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma190019
GLI family zinc finger 3190019
AR protein230023
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1130013
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1220022
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha170017
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha290029
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta100010
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a120012
activating transcription factor 69009
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)7007
Histone H2A.x9009
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a110011
heat shock protein beta-17007
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1220022
lamin isoform A-delta10120012
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit9009
Glutamate receptor 293113
Solute carrier family 22 member 30101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0314
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase0202
Cytochrome P450 2A60202
Substance-P receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0336
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0729
Cytochrome P450 2A50101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0415
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0314
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 0224
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A0011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5B0011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0011
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 0112
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0011
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10101
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE8008
Chain A, Mutant Al2 6e7p9g0011
Chain A, Beta-lactamase8008
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase9009
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q15005
Chain A, Cruzipain4004
Beta-lactamase 0001
acid sphingomyelinase1001
GLS protein7007
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA12002
farnesoid X nuclear receptor130013
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase type 20001
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 0001
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2200020
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-20001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 15005
chromobox protein homolog 1130013
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2160016
DNA polymerase beta3003
DNA polymerase eta isoform 11001
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)7007
geminin160016
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 17007
Carbonic anhydrase 10506
Carbonic anhydrase 20506
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0303
Beta-lactamase OXA-70001
Solute carrier family 15 member 10202
Solute carrier family 15 member 10101
Spike glycoprotein4004
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0303
Angiopoietin-1 receptor0011
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Solute carrier family 15 member 20101
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0303
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-130001
Efflux transporter 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase Toho-10001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Class D beta-lactamase0001
60 kDa chaperonin 0303
Metallo-beta-lactamase0001
Solute carrier family 15 member 20101
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
10 kDa chaperonin 0303
Metallo-b-lactamase 0001
Carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC0001
Histamine H3 receptor0001
Beta-lactamase class B VIM-2 0001
Beta-lactamase VIM-1 0001
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase7007
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor6006
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor130013
Steroid C26-monooxygenase0011
Cytochrome P450 1300011
Cytochrome P450 1300011
thioredoxin reductase140014
ATAD5 protein, partial8008
TDP1 protein250025
Microtubule-associated protein tau100010
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha240024
arylsulfatase A8008
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 17007
D(1A) dopamine receptor4004
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A2002
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA7007
peripheral myelin protein 229009
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30909
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40909
Bile salt export pump014014
Translocator protein0011
Vasopressin V2 receptor0214
Oxytocin receptor0112
Vasopressin V1a receptor0022
Vasopressin V1a receptor0112
Vasopressin V1b receptor0112
Vasopressin V2 receptor0011
Vasopressin V1b receptor0113
Translocator protein0102
Oxytocin receptor0101
Vasopressin V2 receptor 0112
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10909
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3180018
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor100010
Cellular tumor antigen p53160016
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma6118
interleukin 84004
pregnane X receptor7007
progesterone receptor100010
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]150015
pregnane X nuclear receptor140014
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B4004
IDH16006
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 22002
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a4004
Nuclear hormone receptor family member daf-120011
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 26006
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 13003
oxysterols receptor LXR-beta isoform 10011
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor4004
plasminogen precursor4004
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor4004
survival motor neuron protein isoform d5005
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M15005
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic0406
Thymidine phosphorylase0002
Thymidylate kinase0202
Thymidine kinase0002
Thymidylate kinase0202
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 58008
Ataxin-2100010
acetylcholinesterase9009
USP1 protein, partial9009
mitogen-activated protein kinase 17007
Vpr2002
Bile salt export pump0404
Albumin0011
Major prion protein0022
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0202
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0213
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70103
Cytochrome P450 2B60011
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0204
Cytochrome P450 2J20101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20202
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0303
Frizzled-80011
P2X purinoceptor 40101
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE6006
Chain A, Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein1001
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase4004
Chain A, HADH2 protein3003
Chain B, HADH2 protein3003
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A4004
Chain A, Ferritin light chain4004
Luciferase7007
Nrf22002
15-lipoxygenase, partial2002
phosphopantetheinyl transferase9009
SMAD family member 28008
SMAD family member 38008
alkaline phosphatase, intestinal0101
thioredoxin glutathione reductase5005
Smad33003
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease1001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)4004
PINK11001
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)9009
EWS/FLI fusion protein2003
glucocerebrosidase1001
Parkin2002
toll-like receptor 90101
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma110011
caspase-31001
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)4004
TPA: protein transporter TIM100101
aryl hydrocarbon receptor9009
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor5005
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a5005
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein3003
alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme isoform 1 preproprotein0101
hemoglobin subunit beta1001
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX121001
perilipin-50101
intestinal alkaline phosphatase precursor0101
perilipin-10101
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d4004
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 33003
huntingtin isoform 21001
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 11001
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform a1001
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 11001
flap endonuclease 13003
snurportin-11001
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor3003
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 14004
tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein2002
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 11001
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 17007
1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase ABHD5 isoform a0101
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 17007
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 12002
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 12002
alkaline phosphatase, germ cell type preproprotein0101
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor1001
hypothetical protein SA14220101
lethal factor (plasmid)5005
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3F isoform a1001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi7119
Prostaglandin E synthase0101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B3003
Histone deacetylase 30303
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A0202
D-amino-acid oxidase0101
Phospholipase A20101
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 10202
Amyloid-beta precursor protein0304
Integrin beta-32013
Neuronal proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src 0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10202
Cholinesterase0202
Heme oxygenase 1 0101
Integrin alpha-IIb2013
Glutathione S-transferase P0101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0202
60 kDa chaperonin0202
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0112
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0314
Microtubule-associated protein tau0102
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 0101
Tissue factor0202
Tyrosinase0101
Aminopeptidase N0101
Aminopeptidase N0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-17119
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0505
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 20202
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta7119
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-27119
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-57119
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-37119
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A0202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Acetylcholinesterase0404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-17119
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-27119
Heme oxygenase 20101
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0505
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D0101
Proteasome subunit beta type-50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-47119
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-37119
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-67119
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20202
17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 20101
Alpha-synuclein2316
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0606
Histamine H2 receptor4005
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta0101
Caspase-71001
Histone deacetylase 40303
Beta-secretase 10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-17119
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-37119
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G3003
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-27119
Cholinesterase0202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0101
Lactoylglutathione lyase0101
Histone acetyltransferase p3000101
TAR DNA-binding protein 434004
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 10101
Histone deacetylase 10404
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40011
Sodium/bile acid cotransporter0011
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 20011
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic0101
Thioredoxin reductase 30101
Sortase A0101
Histone deacetylase 70303
GABA theta subunit7119
Histone deacetylase 20404
CREB-binding protein0101
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 30202
Cysteine protease 0101
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC100303
Histone deacetylase 11 0303
NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 0101
Histone deacetylase 80404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon7119
Thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial0101
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 10202
Histone deacetylase 60303
Histone deacetylase 90303
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20101
Histone deacetylase 50303
Lymphocyte antigen 960011
Beta lactamase (plasmid)0202
Integrin beta-10101
Integrin alpha-40101
Smoothened homolog0101
Sonic hedgehog protein0101
Sonic hedgehog protein0112
Smoothened homolog0213
endonuclease IV2002
glp-1 receptor, partial7007
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 49009
G6006
67.9K protein4004
LMP1 [Human herpesvirus 4]0002
nuclear receptor coactivator 1 isoform 1 [Homo sapiens]0101
transactivating tegument protein VP16 [Human herpesvirus 1]0101
nuclear receptor coactivator 3 isoform a0101
Thymidine kinase 2, mitochondrial0101
Interferon beta6006
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 6006
Thymidine kinase0203
Thymidylate synthase0002
Cytochrome P450 3A40314
Thymidine kinase0101
Deoxycytidine kinase0001
Probable deoxycytidylate deaminase0001
Cytidine deaminase0102
D(1A) dopamine receptor2002
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm20101
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] 0101
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 16006
Thymidine kinase0102
Deoxynucleoside kinase0101
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial6006
NFKB1 protein, partial2002
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 13003
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor2002
Genome polyprotein 0213
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog2002
Fumarate hydratase5005
hypothetical protein, conserved2002
cytochrome P450 2D67007
polyprotein5005
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a5005
eyes absent homolog 2 isoform a1001
lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform I1001
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 15005
relaxin receptor 1 isoform 11001
Flavin reductase (NADPH)0011
large T antigen0101
Hsf1 protein0011
Taste receptor type 2 member 380001
Chain A, GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR SUBUNIT 20101
Chain A, Glutamate Receptor Subunit 20101
Chain B, Glutamate Receptor Subunit 20101
Chain A, Slr1257 protein0011
Chain A, Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing]0101
regulator of G-protein signaling 45005
beta-2 adrenergic receptor3003
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 80202
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 60113
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0101
Excitatory amino acid transporter 40101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0101
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial0303
Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 10101
Prothrombin0011
ATP-citrate synthase 0101
Glutamate receptor 10314
Glutamate receptor 30314
Glutamate receptor 40314
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 10213
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 10112
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 20011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 30011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 40112
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 50011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 60011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 70011
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0213
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 10112
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 50113
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 20213
Glutamate receptor 10213
Glutamate receptor 20213
Glutamate receptor 30112
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 30202
Excitatory amino acid transporter 10203
Excitatory amino acid transporter 20203
Excitatory amino acid transporter 30203
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 80011
Glutamate receptor 40213
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 0001
Glutamate racemase0001
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 80112
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0213
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0213
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0213
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 40202
Glutamate carboxypeptidase 20101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 20112
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 30101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0101
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 10113
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 20113
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 70113
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 30113
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 40113
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 50101
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0213
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 50202
Glutamate racemase0001
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0213
Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0213
Chymotrypsinogen A0202
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0303
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0213
D(2) dopamine receptor0314
D(4) dopamine receptor0303
D(1B) dopamine receptor0101
Catechol O-methyltransferase0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0415
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1E0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70202
Histamine H1 receptor0101
D(3) dopamine receptor0505
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60202
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0202
D0202
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0101
Polyphenol oxidase 20406
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase 0202
Lactoperoxidase0101
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0101
Chain A, Inosine-5'-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase 20101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A90002
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 20202
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 0202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0001
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0101
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma0011
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase0102
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A70001
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A100001
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A80001
30S ribosomal protein S60101
30S ribosomal protein S70101
50S ribosomal protein L150101
50S ribosomal protein L100101
50S ribosomal protein L110101
50S ribosomal protein L7/L120101
50S ribosomal protein L190101
50S ribosomal protein L10101
50S ribosomal protein L200101
50S ribosomal protein L270101
50S ribosomal protein L280101
50S ribosomal protein L290101
50S ribosomal protein L310101
50S ribosomal protein L31 type B0101
50S ribosomal protein L320101
50S ribosomal protein L330101
50S ribosomal protein L340101
50S ribosomal protein L350101
50S ribosomal protein L360101
30S ribosomal protein S100101
30S ribosomal protein S110101
30S ribosomal protein S120101
30S ribosomal protein S130101
30S ribosomal protein S160101
30S ribosomal protein S180101
30S ribosomal protein S190101
30S ribosomal protein S200101
30S ribosomal protein S20101
30S ribosomal protein S30101
30S ribosomal protein S40101
30S ribosomal protein S50101
30S ribosomal protein S80101
30S ribosomal protein S90101
50S ribosomal protein L130101
50S ribosomal protein L140101
50S ribosomal protein L160101
50S ribosomal protein L230101
30S ribosomal protein S150101
50S ribosomal protein L170101
50S ribosomal protein L210101
50S ribosomal protein L300101
50S ribosomal protein L60101
30S ribosomal protein S140101
30S ribosomal protein S170101
30S ribosomal protein S10101
50S ribosomal protein L180101
50S ribosomal protein L20101
50S ribosomal protein L30101
50S ribosomal protein L240101
50S ribosomal protein L40101
50S ribosomal protein L220101
50S ribosomal protein L50101
30S ribosomal protein S210101
50S ribosomal protein L250101
50S ribosomal protein L36 20101
Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 10101
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor0001
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-6-phosphogluconolactonase0101
caspase recruitment domain family, member 150101
Caspase-72002
glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase isoform b0101
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor3003
caspase-32002
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 31001
receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 isoform 10101
ras-related protein Rab-9A3003
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK11001
Solute carrier family 22 member 60202
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase0202
GALC protein1001
mu-type opioid receptor isoform MOR-10011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-41001
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-21001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 0101
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 11001
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor1001
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor1001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0101
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0101
Inositol monophosphatase 11001
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0101
Carbonic anhydrase 40303
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0303
Taste receptor type 2 member 310022
Taste receptor type 2 member 600011
Carbonic anhydrase 90303
Sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 40112
Taste receptor type 2 member 140011
Taste receptor type 2 member 130011
Taste receptor type 2 member 90011
Taste receptor type 2 member 40011
Sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 20112
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10303
nonstructural protein 12002
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 20001
heat shock protein 90, putative0001
N0101
dopamine D1 receptor1001
NPYLR7B0011
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor2002
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator0101
M-phase phosphoprotein 82002
Riboflavin-binding protein0112
Major prion protein0101
Histidine-rich protein PFHRP-II0202
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10404
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20303
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40303
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10214
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50303
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0303
DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha0101
DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit omega0101
DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta'0101
DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10303
Phospholipase A2, membrane associated0101
Phospholipase A2, membrane associated0101
Acidic phospholipase A2 20101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0303
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30303
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0202
Histamine H2 receptor0202
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0202
Trypanothione reductase0202
Aldehyde oxidase 10101
Aldehyde oxidase0101
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase0101
2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase1001
Solute carrier family 22 member 10101
Solute carrier family 22 member 20102
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0202
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A40101
Solute carrier family 22 member 20101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 20101
Albumin0112
Cytochrome P450 2D10101
Cytochrome P450 2D260101
Cytochrome P450 2D60314
Cytochrome P450 2D30101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70101
Solute carrier family 22 member 10203
Cytochrome P450 2D40101
Solute carrier family 22 member 20202
Chain A, PLASMA RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN PRECURSOR0011
Retinol-binding protein 40011
Beta-lactoglobulin0011
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 173003
Neuraminidase 0202
glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform 10011
L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain0101
Albumin0101
Neuraminidase0101
Beta-lactamase0101
Sialidase0101
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator0011
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40101
Substance-P receptor0101
Bifunctional epoxide hydrolase 20101
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase0101
Prolyl endopeptidase0101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 100101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 140101
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase 0101
Substance-K receptor0101
Neuromedin-U receptor 20011
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 120202
Carbonic anhydrase 30202
D(3) dopamine receptor0203
Carbonic anhydrase 60202
Delta-type opioid receptor0101
Delta-type opioid receptor0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Carbonic anhydrase 70202
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Beta-carbonic anhydrase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family 0101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Delta carbonic anhydrase0101
RmtA0101
Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 140202
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0202
Estrogen receptor beta0001
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta0001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-20001
Polymerase acidic protein0011
Stromelysin-10011
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase YopH0101
High mobility group protein B10011
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-10101
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 10103
Estrogen receptor0001
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Cystathionine gamma-lyase0101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-10001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-20001
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase0101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-10001
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Solute carrier family 22 member 70001
Solute carrier family 22 member 200101
Solute carrier family 22 member 80101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Ubiquitin-like domain-containing CTD phosphatase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 150101
Carbonic anhydrase 130101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-30001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-20001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-10001
alternatively spliced Trp40011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1E0101
sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 30101
Beta-casein0101
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain 0011
Glycogen phosphorylase, brain form0101
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0202
D0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0101
Endothelin receptor type B0101
D(1A) dopamine receptor0101
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0101
Endothelin receptor type B0101
D(1B) dopamine receptor0101
D(3) dopamine receptor0101
D(4) dopamine receptor0101
Histamine H1 receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 0101
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0101
D(4) dopamine receptor0101
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
D(2) dopamine receptor0203
Vesicular acetylcholine transporter0101
D(1B) dopamine receptor0101
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0101
Cereblon isoform 40202
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4C0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D0101
DNA-binding protein Ikaros0001
DNA damage-binding protein 10112
Protein cereblon0214
Thymidine kinase 0102
Thymidine phosphorylase0001
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase0101
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic 0002
Thymidine kinase 0102
Sterol O-acyltransferase 10101
Thymidine kinase0001
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor 0011
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0202
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0101
Chain A, Nuclear Receptor ROR-beta0101
Ornithine decarboxylase0001
Cytochrome P450 1A20011
Ornithine decarboxylase0001
Adenosine receptor A30202
Retinoic acid receptor alpha0227
Retinoic acid receptor beta0227
Retinoic acid receptor alpha0123
Retinoic acid receptor gamma 0227
Retinoic acid receptor gamma0123
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0224
Retinoic acid receptor beta0123
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 20011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 10101
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0123
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta0224
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta0123
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma0123
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10101
Cytochrome P450 2C190011
Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha0101
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 10102
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma0224
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 10011
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 10213
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 20101
Nuclear receptor ROR-beta0101
Cocaine esterase0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-60001
Liver carboxylesterase 10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B70101
NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial0101
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]