Compounds > tafluprost
Page last updated: 2024-12-11

tafluprost

Description

tafluprost: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

tafluprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F2alpha in which the carboxylic acid function has been converted to the corresponding isopropyl ester and the 3-hydroxy-1-octenyl side-chain is substituted by 3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxybut-1-enyl. Used for treatment of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID9868491
CHEMBL ID1963683
CHEBI ID66899
SCHEMBL ID1286148
MeSH IDM0466141

Synonyms (73)

Synonym
209860-87-7
D06274
zioptan (tn)
tafluprost (jan/usan/inn)
tafluprost
zioptan
tapros
de-085
saflutan
afp-168
de-118
taflotan
mk-2452
unii-1o6wq6t7g3
1o6wq6t7g3 ,
1-methylethyl (5z)-7-{(1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-((1e)-3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxybut-1-enyl)-3,5- dihydroxycyclopentyl}hept-5-enoate
5-heptenoic acid, 7-((1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-((1e)-3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxy-1-buten-1-yl)-3,5- dihydroxycyclopentyl)-, 1-methylethyl ester, (5z)-
1-methylethyl (5z)-7-((1r,2r, 3r,5s)-2-((1e)-3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxy -1-butenyl-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)-5-heptenoate
isopropyl (5z)-7-{(1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-((1e)-3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxybut-1-enyl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl}hept-5-enoate
tafluprost [usan:inn:ban]
mk2452
CHEMBL1963683
chebi:66899 ,
isopropyl (5z)-7-{(1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-[(1e)-3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxybut-1-en-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl}hept-5-enoate
S4851
c25h34f2o5
AKOS025294885
tafluprost [usan]
tafluprost [inci]
5-heptenoic acid, 7-[(1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-[(1e)-3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxy-1-buten-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl]-, 1-methylethyl ester, (5z)-
tafluprost [jan]
tafluprost [orange book]
tafluprost [mart.]
tafluprost [who-dd]
tafluprost [mi]
tafluprost [vandf]
tafluprost [inn]
isopropyl (z)-7-[(1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-[(e)-3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxy-but-1-enyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoate
DB08819
HY-B0600
propan-2-yl (z)-7-[(1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-[(e)-3,3-difluoro-4-(phenoxy)but-1-enyl]-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl]hept-5-enoate
gtpl7451
(z)-isopropyl 7-((1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-((e)-3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxybut-1-en-1-yl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate
J-502635
SCHEMBL1286148
(z)-isopropyl 7-((1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-((e)-3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxybut-1-en-1-yl)-3,5-dihydroxy cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate
HMS3649F04
propan-2-yl (5z)-7-[(1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-[(1e)-3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxybut-1-en-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl]hept-5-enoate
EX-A564
5-heptenoic acid, 7-[(1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-[(1e)-3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxy-1-butenyl]-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl]-, 1-methylethyl ester, (5z)-
AS-75193
sr-01000946707
SR-01000946707-1
Q2139543
1-methylethyl (5-z)-7-[(1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-[(1e)-3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxy-1-buten-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl]-5-heptenoate
CCG-269257
propan-2-yl (z)-7-[(1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-[(e)-3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxybut-1-enyl]-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl]hept-5-enoate
mk2452afp-168
(z)-isopropyl7-((1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-((e)-3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxybut-1-en-1-yl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate
DTXSID401021504
5-heptenoic acid, 7-((1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-((1e)-3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxy-1-buten-1-yl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)-, 1-methylethyl ester, (5z)-
tafluprostum
1-methylethyl (5z)-7-((1r,2r, 3r,5s)-2-((1e)-3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxy-1-butenyl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)-5-heptenoate
isopropyl (5z)-7-((1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-((1e)-3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxybut-1-en-1-yl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate
isopropyl (5z)-7-((1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-((1e)-3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxybut-1-enyl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate
tafluprost ophthalmic
tafluprost (mart.)
tafluprost opthalmic
1-methylethyl (5z)-7-((1r,2r, 3r,5s)-2-((1e)-3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxy-1-butenyl-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)-5-heptenoate
1-methylethyl (5z)-7-((1r,2r,3r,5s)-2-((1e)-3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxybut-1-enyl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate
s01ee05
EN300-21680961
Z2568721846

Research Excerpts

Overview

Tafluprost (AFP-168, 5) is a unique 15-deoxy-15,15-difluoro-16-phenoxy prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) analog. It is used as an efficacious ocular hypotensive agent in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension, as monotherapy, or as adjunctive therapy to β-blockers.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Tafluprost is a preservative-free prostaglandin analog with a similar IOP efficacy when compared with other prostaglandin analogs. "( Efficacy and safety of tafluprost 0.0015% and timolol maleate 0.5% fixed combination in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma.
Lorenz, K; Pfeiffer, N, 2014)		2.16
"Tafluprost (AFP-168, 5) is a unique 15-deoxy-15,15-difluoro-16-phenoxy prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) analog used as an efficacious ocular hypotensive agent in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension, as monotherapy, or as adjunctive therapy to β-blockers. "( A Novel Convergent Synthesis of the Potent Antiglaucoma Agent Tafluprost.
Chodyński, M; Cmoch, P; Dams, I; Krupa, M; Ostaszewska, A, 2017)		2.14
"Tafluprost is a newly synthesized PF(2alpha) derivative and represents the first PF(2alpha) analogue with a fully preservative-free formulation."( Pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety profiles of preserved and preservative-free tafluprost in healthy volunteers.
Kaarniranta, K; Ropo, A; Uusitalo, H, 2008)		1.29
"Tafluprost is a new prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) derivative in development for the treatment of glaucoma. "( Efficacy and safety levels of preserved and preservative-free tafluprost are equivalent in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension: results from a pharmacodynamics analysis.
Airaksinen, J; Hamacher, T; Liinamaa, MJ; Richter, U; Ropo, A; Saarela, V, 2008)		2.03
"Tafluprost is a new prostaglandin F(2)(alpha) analog in clinical use for the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma."( Corneal penetration into rabbit aqueous humor is comparable between preserved and preservative-free tafluprost.
Lokkila, J; Pellinen, P, 2009)		1.29
"Tafluprost is a novel prostaglandin F(2alpha)-receptor agonist shown to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy humans and patients with elevated IOP. "( A phase II study on the duration and stability of the intraocular pressure-lowering effect and tolerability of Tafluprost compared with latanoprost.
Papadia, M; Ropo, A; Traverso, CE; Uusitalo, H, 2010)		2.01
"Tafluprost is a new effective and well-tolerated treatment for glaucoma and ocular hypertension."( Efficacy and safety of tafluprost 0.0015% versus latanoprost 0.005% eye drops in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension: 24-month results of a randomized, double-masked phase III study.
Pillunat, LE; Ropo, A; Uusitalo, H, 2010)		2.11
"Tafluprost is a prostaglandin analogue in a preservative-free formulation that was recently approved for the reduction of elevated IOP in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension."( A review of preserved and preservative-free prostaglandin analogues for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
Hommer, A, 2010)		1.08
"Tafluprost is a new prostaglandin analogue that has been marketed in some European countries and in Japan for more than 2 years and was recently (July 2009) approved in 21 countries."( Tafluprost for glaucoma.
Bagnis, A; Papadia, M; Scotto, R; Traverso, CE, 2011)		2.53
"PF tafluprost is an efficacious and generally well-tolerated ocular hypotensive agent."( Randomized clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of preservative-free tafluprost and timolol in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
Baranak, C; Chabi, A; Ho, TW; Lines, C; Lupinacci, R; Noble, L; Pigeon, J; Tsai, JC; Varma, R, 2012)		1.12

Treatment

Treatment with tafluprost 0.005% resulted in a significantly greater reduction in IOP, compared with either latanoprost or a placebo. Treatment did not significantly affect cell viability.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Tafluprost-free acid treatment did not significantly affect cell viability."( Mechanisms of benzalkonium chloride toxicity in a human trabecular meshwork cell line and the protective role of preservative-free tafluprost.
Chang, C; Hutnik, CM; Kagan, DB; Liu, H; Zhang, AQ, 2015)		1.34
"Treatment with tafluprost 0.005% resulted in a significantly greater reduction in IOP, compared with either latanoprost 0.005% or a placebo, at various time points during treatment."( A comparative, placebo-controlled study of prostanoid fluoroprostaglandin-receptor agonists tafluprost and latanoprost in healthy males.
Gilvarry, A; Ropo, A; Sutton, A, 2007)		0.9

Toxicity

Tafluprost showed a sustained and significant effect with tolerable adverse events in Chinese patients with POAG and OH.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Intraocular pressure, adverse events, and ocular and systemic safety parameters were analysed."( Pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety profiles of preserved and preservative-free tafluprost in healthy volunteers.
Kaarniranta, K; Ropo, A; Uusitalo, H, 2008)		0.57
" Adverse events and other safety parameters were also analysed."( Efficacy and safety levels of preserved and preservative-free tafluprost are equivalent in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension: results from a pharmacodynamics analysis.
Airaksinen, J; Hamacher, T; Liinamaa, MJ; Richter, U; Ropo, A; Saarela, V, 2008)		0.59
" Both formulations were well tolerated and most adverse events were ocular and mild in severity."( Efficacy and safety levels of preserved and preservative-free tafluprost are equivalent in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension: results from a pharmacodynamics analysis.
Airaksinen, J; Hamacher, T; Liinamaa, MJ; Richter, U; Ropo, A; Saarela, V, 2008)		0.59
" Adverse events were recorded and ocular safety was evaluated."( Efficacy and safety of tafluprost 0.0015% versus latanoprost 0.005% eye drops in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension: 24-month results of a randomized, double-masked phase III study.
Pillunat, LE; Ropo, A; Uusitalo, H, 2010)		0.67
" The presence of adverse drug reactions and the cumulative incidence of adverse events were also investigated."( Efficacy and safety of tafluprost in normal-tension glaucoma with intraocular pressure of 16 mmHg or less.
Kimura, T; Nakano, T; Nanno, M; Noro, T; Suzumura, H; Yoshikawa, K, 2011)		0.68
" The cumulative incidence of adverse events was 58."( Efficacy and safety of tafluprost in normal-tension glaucoma with intraocular pressure of 16 mmHg or less.
Kimura, T; Nakano, T; Nanno, M; Noro, T; Suzumura, H; Yoshikawa, K, 2011)		0.68
"We started a mandatory prospective 2-year observational study, which collected IOP, conjunctival hyperemia score, corneal staining score, and adverse event data from glaucoma and ocular hypertension (OH) patients not previously treated with tafluprost at 2, 12, and 24 months."( Prospective observational post-marketing study of tafluprost for glaucoma and ocular hypertension: short-term efficacy and safety.
Kuwayama, Y; Nomura, A, 2014)		0.84
" Patients with ocular adverse events were evenly distributed in both groups."( Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of preservative-free fixed combination of tafluprost 0.0015%/timolol 0.5% versus concomitant use of the ingredients.
Antón López, A; Holló, G; Hommer, A; Ropo, A, 2014)		0.63
"Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is a controversial ophthalmic preservative because of its prominent side-effect profile."( Mechanisms of benzalkonium chloride toxicity in a human trabecular meshwork cell line and the protective role of preservative-free tafluprost.
Chang, C; Hutnik, CM; Kagan, DB; Liu, H; Zhang, AQ, 2015)		0.62
" Tafluprost is both safe and cytoprotective against BAK for these HTMC."( Mechanisms of benzalkonium chloride toxicity in a human trabecular meshwork cell line and the protective role of preservative-free tafluprost.
Chang, C; Hutnik, CM; Kagan, DB; Liu, H; Zhang, AQ, 2015)		1.53
" However, its improved adverse effect profile seems to be beneficial in patients sensitive to preservatives."( Efficacy and safety of tafluprost 0.0015% and timolol maleate 0.5% fixed combination in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma.
Lorenz, K; Pfeiffer, N, 2014)		0.71
" In the TS, related ocular adverse events (AEs) were more frequent for patients treated with FC compared to TIM (16."( A 6-month study comparing efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the preservative-free fixed combination of tafluprost 0.0015% and timolol 0.5% versus each of its individual preservative-free components.
Astakhov, Y; Boiko, E; Liinamaa, J; Lorenz, K; Pfeiffer, N; Ropo, A; Saarela, V; Traverso, CE; Uusitalo, H, 2014)		0.62
" Overall, the study treatments were safe and well tolerated."( A 6-month study comparing efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the preservative-free fixed combination of tafluprost 0.0015% and timolol 0.5% versus each of its individual preservative-free components.
Astakhov, Y; Boiko, E; Liinamaa, J; Lorenz, K; Pfeiffer, N; Ropo, A; Saarela, V; Traverso, CE; Uusitalo, H, 2014)		0.62
" Intraocular pressure (IOP), adverse events, and ocular/systemic safety variables were also evaluated."( Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, and Safety of the Preservative-free Fixed Combination of Tafluprost 0.0015% and Timolol 0.5% in Healthy Volunteers: A Phase I Comparison vs. the Corresponding Preservative-free Monotherapies.
Ikäheimo, K; Kaarniranta, K; Mannermaa, E; Ropo, A, 2016)		0.66
", tafluprost/timolol (TAF/TIM) and latanoprost/carteolol (LAT/CAR), by determining their effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) in ocular normotensive monkeys and examining their toxic effects on ocular surface using human corneal epithelial cells."( Efficacy and safety of the fixed combinations of tafluprost/timolol and latanoprost/carteolol.
Akaishi, T; Fuwa, M; Kato, M; Mieda, M; Shimazaki, A; Taniguchi, T; Yamashita, N, 2019)		1.49
" Fifty-eight treatment-related adverse events occurred in 46 participants (15."( Effectiveness and safety of tafluprost in primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension: a post-marketing phase IV study in China.
Li, W; Li, Y; Liu, Q; Peng, H; Sun, X; Tang, X; Yang, J; Yao, K; Yuan, H; Zhang, M; Zheng, Y, 2022)		1.02
"Tafluprost showed a sustained and significant effect with tolerable adverse events in Chinese patients with POAG and OH who were treatment-naïve or untreated within one month or received prior treatments with unsatisfying outcomes."( Effectiveness and safety of tafluprost in primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension: a post-marketing phase IV study in China.
Li, W; Li, Y; Liu, Q; Peng, H; Sun, X; Tang, X; Yang, J; Yao, K; Yuan, H; Zhang, M; Zheng, Y, 2022)		2.46
" PF FC therapies, such as PF tafluprost/timolol FC, avoid ocular surface exposure to toxic preservative agents and reduce the required number of treatment administrations."( Reviewing the evidence surrounding preservative-free tafluprost/timolol fixed-dose combination therapy in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension management: a focus on efficacy, safety, and tolerability.
Oddone, F, 2022)		1.26

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"There were no statistically significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between preserved and preservative-free formulations after either single (day 1) or repeated (day 8) dosing."( Pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety profiles of preserved and preservative-free tafluprost in healthy volunteers.
Kaarniranta, K; Ropo, A; Uusitalo, H, 2008)		0.57
"Preservative-free tafluprost appeared to have similar pharmacokinetic properties to the preserved formulation and was generally well tolerated."( Pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety profiles of preserved and preservative-free tafluprost in healthy volunteers.
Kaarniranta, K; Ropo, A; Uusitalo, H, 2008)		0.91
"PF FDC demonstrated good IOP-lowering efficacy and displayed similar pharmacokinetic characteristics to the monotherapy agents."( Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, and Safety of the Preservative-free Fixed Combination of Tafluprost 0.0015% and Timolol 0.5% in Healthy Volunteers: A Phase I Comparison vs. the Corresponding Preservative-free Monotherapies.
Ikäheimo, K; Kaarniranta, K; Mannermaa, E; Ropo, A, 2016)		0.66

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Topically administered [(3)H]tafluprost was well absorbed into the ocular and systemic tissues of the primary nonclinical species, monkey."( Metabolism and ocular tissue distribution of an antiglaucoma prostanoid, tafluprost, after ocular instillation to monkeys.
Akaishi, T; Bezwada, P; Fukano, Y; Kawazu, K; Pellinen, P, 2011)		0.89

Dosage Studied

Plasma concentrations of tafluprost acid were low, with similar levels measured subsequent to either single or repeated dosing of PF FDC and PF taf luprost.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" The aqueous humor concentration of the second administered drug (tafluprost) was not affected by the dosing conditions, whereas the concentration of the first instilled drug (timolol) without the interval was lower than that with a 5-min interval (1,200 ng · h/mL vs."( Benefits of Tafluprost and Timolol Fixed-Dose Combination for the Treatment of Glaucoma Are Confirmed by Studies on Experimental Animal Models.
Akaishi, T; Kawazu, K; Miyawaki, N; Shimazaki, A; Tonouchi, A; Ueda, K, 2015)		1.03
" A wash-out interval of at least 4 weeks separated each three 8-day dosing period."( Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, and Safety of the Preservative-free Fixed Combination of Tafluprost 0.0015% and Timolol 0.5% in Healthy Volunteers: A Phase I Comparison vs. the Corresponding Preservative-free Monotherapies.
Ikäheimo, K; Kaarniranta, K; Mannermaa, E; Ropo, A, 2016)		0.66
"Plasma concentrations of tafluprost acid were low, with similar levels measured subsequent to either single or repeated dosing of PF FDC and PF tafluprost."( Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, and Safety of the Preservative-free Fixed Combination of Tafluprost 0.0015% and Timolol 0.5% in Healthy Volunteers: A Phase I Comparison vs. the Corresponding Preservative-free Monotherapies.
Ikäheimo, K; Kaarniranta, K; Mannermaa, E; Ropo, A, 2016)		0.96
" Country-level subanalysis examined outcomes by prior monotherapy, diagnosis and timing of dosing for those countries recruiting ≥20 patients (Country-level Subanalysis Population)."( A comparison of country-level data from the VISIONARY study examining treatment outcomes with preservative-free tafluprost/timolol fixed-dose combination therapy.
Fassari, C; Holló, G; Kirwan, J; Lopez-Lopez, F; Oddone, F; Zimina, M, 2022)		0.93
" Within country, outcomes were consistent regardless of diagnosis, dosing or prior monotherapy."( A comparison of country-level data from the VISIONARY study examining treatment outcomes with preservative-free tafluprost/timolol fixed-dose combination therapy.
Fassari, C; Holló, G; Kirwan, J; Lopez-Lopez, F; Oddone, F; Zimina, M, 2022)		0.93
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (1)

RoleDescription
prostaglandin receptor agonistAn agonist that binds to and activates prostaglandin receptors.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (3)

ClassDescription
prostaglandins Falpha
organofluorine compoundAn organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.
isopropyl esterAny carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of propan-2-ol.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Bioassays (1)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1346394Human FP receptor (Prostanoid receptors)2004Experimental eye research, Apr, Volume: 78, Issue:4
Pharmacological characteristics of AFP-168 (tafluprost), a new prostanoid FP receptor agonist, as an ocular hypotensive drug.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (144)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's18 (12.50)29.6817
2010's102 (70.83)24.3611
2020's24 (16.67)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 61.31

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index61.31 (24.57)
Research Supply Index5.23 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.98 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index109.55 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.16 (0.95)

This Compound (61.31)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials35 (23.18%)5.53%
Reviews18 (11.92%)6.00%
Case Studies1 (0.66%)4.05%
Observational9 (5.96%)0.25%
Other88 (58.28%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
carbamates
[no description available]		2.0810amino-acid anion
glycine
[no description available]		2.2510alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
histamine
[no description available]		2.0410aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
acetazolamide
Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)		2.0810monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
betaxolol
[no description available]		7.2510propanolamineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
carteolol
Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.		7.2110quinolone;
secondary alcohol		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
clobazam
Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.		2.08101,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		2.0310amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		2.0810aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
pilocarpine
Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.		2.0810pilocarpineantiglaucoma drug
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.0810monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		7.0510phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.		2.0810mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		5.3441mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
indazoles
Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.		2.0810indazole
thiazoles
[no description available]		2.5201,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
cresyl violet
cresyl violet: RN given refers to chloride. cresyl violet : A cationic heterotetracyclic fluorescent dye derived from benzo[a]phenoxazine.		2.0410
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		2.0510glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
timolol
(S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.		12.85318timololanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
7-ethoxycoumarin
7-ethoxycoumarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by an ethoxy group.		2.0710aromatic ether;
coumarins
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.04105-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.		2.0810alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		2.1110organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
brinzolamide
brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent		2.2110sulfonamide;
thienothiazine		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
kt 5823
KT 5823: indolocarbazole; activates human neutrophils & fails to inhibit cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation of vimentin. KT 5823 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of methyl (3R)-3-methoxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2S,3R,5R product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1-methyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.		2.0510gamma-lactam;
hemiaminal;
indolocarbazole;
methyl ester;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		EC 2.7.11.12 (cGMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
ezogabine
ezogabine: structure in first source. ezogabine : A substituted aniline that is benzene-1,2,4-triamine bearing ethoxycarbonyl and 4-fluorobenzyl substituents at positions N-1 and N-4 respectively. An anticonvulsant used to treat seizures associated with epilepsy in adults.		2.0810carbamate ester;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		anticonvulsant;
potassium channel modulator
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		2.2510
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		5.16101monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
uf 021
isopropyl unoprostone: a safe and effective ocular hypotensive drug. isopropyl unoprostone : The isopropyl ester of unoprostone.		2.7530isopropyl ester;
ketone;
prostaglandins Falpha		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
prodrug
travoprost
Travoprost: A cloprostenol derivative that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.. travoprost : The isopropyl ester of prostaglandin F2alpha in which the pentyl group is replaced by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxymethyl group. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha, ophthalmic solutions of travoprost are used as a topical medication for controlling the progression of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. It is a pro-drug; the isopropyl ester group is hydrolysed by esterases in the cornea to the biologically active free acid, fluprostenol.		10.76315(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
ophthalmology drug;
prodrug;
prostaglandin receptor agonist
dorzolamide
dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		7.520sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
bimatoprost
Bimatoprost: A cloprostenol-derived amide that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.		9.73223monocarboxylic acid amideantiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent
cloprostenol
Cloprostenol: A synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha analog. The compound has luteolytic effects and is used for the synchronization of estrus in cattle.		10.2224prostanoid
latanoprost
Latanoprost: A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.. latanoprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		13.244913isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha;
triol		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
prodrug
axitinib
[no description available]		2.0810aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
indazoles;
pyridines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
indacaterol
indacaterol: a beta2 adrenoceptor agonist; indacaterol is the (R)-isomer; structure in first source. indacaterol : A monohydroxyquinoline that consists of 5-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-8-hydroxyquinolin-2-one having a 5,6-diethylindan-2-yl group attached to the amino function. Used as the maleate salt for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.		2.0810indanes;
monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent
pep005
3-ingenyl angelate: protein kinase C agonist and antineoplastic; structure in first source		2.0810
mirabegron
mirabegron: a beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist; structure in first source. mirabegron : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-ylacetic acid with the anilino group of (1R)-2-{[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]amino}-1-phenylethanol. Used for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome.		2.08101,3-thiazoles;
aromatic amide;
ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide		beta-adrenergic agonist
brimonidine tartrate
Brimonidine Tartrate: A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.		2.5320
duotrav
Duotrav: combination of travoprost and timolol		3.1910
endothelin-1
Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)		2.4820
vx-770
ivacaftor: a CFTR potentiator; structure in first source. ivacaftor : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-amino-2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. Used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.		2.0810aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
phenols;
quinolone		CFTR potentiator;
orphan drug
gdc 0449
HhAntag691: inhibits the hedgehog pathway and ABC transporters; has antineoplastic activity		2.0810benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfone		antineoplastic agent;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
SMO receptor antagonist;
teratogenic agent
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		2.0710benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
dorzolamide-timolol combination
dorzolamide-timolol combination: for glaucoma/ocular hypertensive patients; a fixed combination of timolol (Adrenergic beta-Antagonists) and dorzolamide (Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor)		5.1431
ganfort
Ganfort: combination of bimatoprost and timolol		3.1910
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Chloasma
[description not available]		02.0210
Glaucoma
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)		115.3509
Intraocular Pressure
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.		016.149229
Melanosis
Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.		02.0210
Equine Diseases
[description not available]		02.4110
Glaucoma, Suspect
[description not available]		014.835417
Ocular Hypertension
A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.		116.835417
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
[description not available]		014.785420
Glaucoma, Open-Angle
Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.		116.785420
Active Hyperemia
[description not available]		06.9552
Hyperemia
The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).		06.9552
Ocular Hypotension
Abnormally low intraocular pressure often related to chronic inflammation (uveitis).		03.9421
Cranial Nerve II Injuries
[description not available]		02.8220
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		02.5420
Eyelid Diseases
Diseases involving the EYELIDS.		02.8130
Orbital Diseases
Diseases of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.		02.8830
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		02.5420
Axonal Injury, Diffuse
[description not available]		02.2510
Constricted Pupil
[description not available]		02.4720
Miosis
Pupillary constriction. This may result from congenital absence of the dilatator pupillary muscle, defective sympathetic innervation, or irritation of the CONJUNCTIVA or CORNEA.		02.4720
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System
[description not available]		02.2510
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.		02.2510
Low Tension Glaucoma
A form of glaucoma in which chronic optic nerve damage and loss of vision normally attributable to buildup of intraocular pressure occurs despite prevailing conditions of normal intraocular pressure.		06.773
Recrudescence
[description not available]		02.1510
Dry Eye
[description not available]		02.5220
Dry Eye Syndromes
Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.		02.5220
Corneal Diseases
Diseases of the cornea.		02.5320
Bladder, Overactive
[description not available]		02.0810
Colonic Inertia
Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.		02.0810
Constipation
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.		02.0810
Urinary Bladder, Overactive
Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the URINARY BLADDER that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. URINARY INCONTINENCE may or may not be present.		02.0810
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		03.1750
Corneal Angiogenesis
[description not available]		02.0810
Keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea.		07.520
Corneal Neovascularization
New blood vessels originating from the corneal blood vessels and extending from the limbus into the adjacent CORNEAL STROMA. Neovascularization in the superficial and/or deep corneal stroma is a sequel to numerous inflammatory diseases of the ocular anterior segment, such as TRACHOMA, viral interstitial KERATITIS, microbial KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS, and the immune response elicited by CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION.		02.0810
Hypertrichosis
Excessive hair growth at inappropriate locations, such as on the extremities, the head, and the back. It is caused by genetic or acquired factors, and is an androgen-independent process. This concept does not include HIRSUTISM which is an androgen-dependent excess hair growth in WOMEN and CHILDREN.		02.0810
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		02.0810
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		02.0810
Mydriasis
Dilation of pupils to greater than 6 mm combined with failure of the pupils to constrict when stimulated with light. This condition may occur due to injury of the pupillary fibers in the oculomotor nerve, in acute angle-closure glaucoma, and in ADIE SYNDROME.		02.0810
Retinal Diseases
Diseases involving the RETINA.		02.110
Conjunctival Diseases
Diseases involving the CONJUNCTIVA.		06.2241
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		03.3920
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		03.3920
Cornea Injuries
[description not available]		02.1310
Corneal Injuries
Damage or trauma inflicted to the CORNEA by external means.		02.1310
Keratoconjunctivitis
Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.		02.0410
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		02.0510
Exfoliation Glaucoma
[description not available]		04.7621
Exfoliation Syndrome
The deposition of flaky, translucent fibrillar material most conspicuous on the anterior lens capsule and pupillary margin but also in both surfaces of the iris, the zonules, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, corneal endothelium, and orbital blood vessels. It sometimes forms a membrane on the anterior iris surface. Exfoliation refers to the shedding of pigment by the iris. (Newell, Ophthalmology, 7th ed, p380)		04.7621
Blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelids.		02.9710
Amaurosis
[description not available]		02.9710
Allergic Reaction
[description not available]		03.8520
Blindness
The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.		02.9710
Hypersensitivity
Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.		03.8520
Light Sensitivity
[description not available]		03.4211
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