Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

A chronic dysfunction of MEIBOMIAN GLANDS characterized by altered tear film stability and function due to a decrease or alteration in lipid quality/content in meibum. It is often associated with evaporative-type DRY EYE SYNDROME.

Synonyms(2)

Synonym
MG Dysfunction
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Meibomian gland dysfunction is one of the main causes of dry eye disease and has limited therapeutic options."( Choi, YJ; Jun, I; Kim, BR; Kim, TI; Seo, KY, 2022)

Context

ExcerptReference
"Meibomian gland dysfunction has a significant contribution to the development of dry eye disease after facial nerve palsy."( Ekın, MA; Imre, SS; Kahraman, HG; Ugurlu, SK, 2021)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"The treatment of moderate to severe meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) with oral doxycycline requires a 6-week course of treatment and has frequent adverse effects (AEs), which may be associated with poor compliance."( Phinyo, P; Tangmonkongvoragul, C; Upaphong, P, 2023)
"Early screening and treatment of MG dysfunction may improve ocular surface quality and allow better disease management in keratoconus patients."( Özcan, G; Uçakhan, ÖÖ, 2023)

Research

Studies (63)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19900 (0.00)23.3326
1990's0 (0.00)12.5806
2000's0 (0.00)18.1394
2010's7 (11.11)28.8240
2020's56 (88.89)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate0medium11
erythrosine0low40
metronidazole0low10
phenylalanine0low10
thiophenes0low10
4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol0medium11
fluorescein0medium167
hypochlorous acid0low10
glutamic acid0low10
timolol0low20
fomesafen0low10
tamsulosin0low10
diquafosol0medium11
zithromax0medium95
esculin0medium11
dorzolamide0low10
brimonidine tartrate0low10
dextrothyroxine0low10
sar 11180low10
nad0low10
sodium pertechnetate tc 99m0low10
glycolipids0low10
interleukin-80medium51
epidermal growth factor0medium11
cyclosporine0medium31
lactoferrin0medium11
muramidase0low10
eye0low30

Protein Targets (427)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Chain B, pheromone binding protein0011
Chain A, pheromone binding protein0011
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A1001
Chain A, RNA-directed RNA polymerase NS50101
acid sphingomyelinase1001
thioredoxin reductase5005
USP1 protein, partial1001
TDP1 protein7007
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA4004
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 11001
flap endonuclease 11001
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK12002
snurportin-11001
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 13003
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 11001
DNA polymerase eta isoform 12002
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)3003
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor1001
plasminogen precursor1001
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor1001
geminin5005
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 13003
fibroblast growth factor 22 isoform 1 precursor0001
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 130101
Beta-lactamase0101
Transthyretin0011
Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal0112
Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte0112
Cyclin-A20101
Cannabinoid receptor 10011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 20112
Choline O-acetyltransferase0101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 120101
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G1001
Fatty acid-binding protein 50011
Fatty acid-binding protein 50011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 110101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 140202
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)3003
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha110011
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor6006
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE3003
Chain A, Ferritin light chain3003
Chain A, Cruzipain2002
endonuclease IV1001
Microtubule-associated protein tau3003
nonstructural protein 11001
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha6006
glucocerebrosidase1001
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 14004
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 12002
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d2002
DNA polymerase beta1001
mitogen-activated protein kinase 12002
M-phase phosphoprotein 81001
lamin isoform A-delta104004
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A1001
Spike glycoprotein1001
P2Y purinoceptor 20011
P2Y purinoceptor 10011
P2Y purinoceptor 40011
P2Y purinoceptor 60011
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0101
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0101
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0001
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 120103
Carbonic anhydrase 10205
Carbonic anhydrase 20216
Carbonic anhydrase 30103
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0101
Androgen receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
Androgen receptor0101
Carbonic anhydrase 40204
Carbonic anhydrase 60103
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0101
Delta-type opioid receptor0101
Delta-type opioid receptor0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0103
Carbonic anhydrase0102
Carbonic anhydrase 70103
Carbonic anhydrase0102
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Beta-carbonic anhydrase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Carbonic anhydrase 90204
Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0102
Carbonic anhydrase0102
Carbonic anhydrase0102
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Delta carbonic anhydrase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0102
Carbonic anhydrase 130102
Carbonic anhydrase 40202
Carbonic anhydrase 150102
Carbonic anhydrase 130103
Carbonic anhydrase 140103
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0103
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE3003
Chain A, Beta-lactamase1001
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase1001
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q12002
Genome polyprotein 0112
Luciferase4004
acetylcholinesterase2002
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog1001
phosphopantetheinyl transferase2002
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma2002
SMAD family member 22002
ATAD5 protein, partial2002
Fumarate hydratase1001
GLS protein2002
SMAD family member 32002
GLI family zinc finger 33003
AR protein6006
thioredoxin glutathione reductase1001
hypothetical protein, conserved1001
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 42002
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 15005
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha4004
farnesoid X nuclear receptor3003
G1001
cytochrome P450 2D62002
polyprotein1001
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B1001
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 24004
aryl hydrocarbon receptor2002
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a3003
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor3003
activating transcription factor 63003
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor2002
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)2002
Histone H2A.x3003
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a4004
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 24004
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a1001
eyes absent homolog 2 isoform a1001
lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform I1001
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 12002
relaxin receptor 1 isoform 11001
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit2002
Interferon beta2002
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 1001
Cellular tumor antigen p535005
Glutamate receptor 22215
Flavin reductase (NADPH)0011
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 11001
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial1001
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase2002
large T antigen0101
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]5005
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma4004
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor0202
Taste receptor type 2 member 160001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit3003
progesterone receptor2002
pregnane X nuclear receptor4004
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta3003
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a4004
heat shock protein beta-12002
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 15005
Chain A, GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR SUBUNIT 20101
Chain A, Glutamate Receptor Subunit 20101
Chain B, Glutamate Receptor Subunit 20101
Chain A, Slr1257 protein0011
Chain A, Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing]0101
glp-1 receptor, partial2002
regulator of G-protein signaling 43003
beta-2 adrenergic receptor1001
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 80202
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 60113
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0101
Excitatory amino acid transporter 40101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0101
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial0202
Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 10101
Prothrombin0011
Integrin beta-30011
Integrin alpha-IIb0011
ATP-citrate synthase 0101
Glutamate receptor 10213
Glutamate receptor 30213
Glutamate receptor 40213
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 10213
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 10112
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 20011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 30011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 40112
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 50011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 60011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 70011
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0214
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 10112
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 50113
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 20213
Glutamate receptor 10213
Glutamate receptor 20213
Glutamate receptor 30112
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 30202
Excitatory amino acid transporter 10203
Excitatory amino acid transporter 20203
Excitatory amino acid transporter 30203
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 80011
Glutamate receptor 40213
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 0001
Glutamate racemase0001
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 80112
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0214
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0214
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0214
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 40202
Glutamate carboxypeptidase 20101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 20112
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 30101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0101
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 10113
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 20113
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 70113
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 30113
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 40113
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 50101
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0214
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 50202
Glutamate racemase0001
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0214
Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0214
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A12002
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 31001
67.9K protein1001
Parkin1001
Caspase-71001
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor1001
caspase-31001
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 11001
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30404
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40404
Bile salt export pump0404
Ornithine decarboxylase0001
Adenosine receptor A30202
Retinoic acid receptor alpha0101
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0202
Retinoic acid receptor gamma0101
Retinoic acid receptor beta0101
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 20011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 10101
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0101
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta0101
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma0101
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 10101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0202
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0303
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 10011
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 41001
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10404
Olfactory receptor 51E20101
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor2002
EWS/FLI fusion protein1001
Thioredoxin reductase 0101
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 11001
Flavodoxin0001
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0101
TAR DNA-binding protein 432002
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0101
Chain B, Exotoxin A0011
Chain B, Exotoxin A0011
Chain B, Exotoxin A0011
Chain A, AMINOPEPTIDASE0101
Chain A, AMINOPEPTIDASE0101
peripheral myelin protein 222002
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-10101
Plasma kallikrein0001
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme0101
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme 0101
Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase0101
Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase0101
5'-nucleotidase0101
Adenosine receptor A10001
Adenosine receptor A2a0001
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP0101
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10102
SLC16A10 protein0001
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 0101
Monocarboxylate transporter 100001
Phospholipase A-2-activating protein0101
Integrin beta-20101
Intercellular adhesion molecule 10101
Cytochrome P450 3A40202
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0101
Integrin alpha-L0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0101
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0101
Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 10101
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0112
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0011
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0011
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0101
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0224
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0224
D(3) dopamine receptor0101
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0101
NFKB1 protein, partial1001
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor 0011
arylsulfatase A1001
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 11001
chromobox protein homolog 12002
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 12002
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M11001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi2013
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0202
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0202
Cytochrome P450 2D60101
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-12013
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta2013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-22013
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-52013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-32013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-12013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-22013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-42013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-32013
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-62013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-12013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-32013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-22013
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0011
GABA theta subunit2013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon2013
interleukin 81001
PPM1D protein1001
IDH11001
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 21001
streptokinase A precursor0011
twin arginine protein translocation system - TatA protein0001
30S ribosomal protein S60101
30S ribosomal protein S70101
50S ribosomal protein L150101
50S ribosomal protein L100101
50S ribosomal protein L110101
50S ribosomal protein L7/L120101
50S ribosomal protein L190101
50S ribosomal protein L10101
50S ribosomal protein L200101
50S ribosomal protein L270101
50S ribosomal protein L280101
50S ribosomal protein L290101
50S ribosomal protein L310101
50S ribosomal protein L31 type B0101
50S ribosomal protein L320101
50S ribosomal protein L330101
50S ribosomal protein L340101
50S ribosomal protein L350101
50S ribosomal protein L360101
30S ribosomal protein S100101
30S ribosomal protein S110101
30S ribosomal protein S120101
30S ribosomal protein S130101
30S ribosomal protein S160101
30S ribosomal protein S180101
30S ribosomal protein S190101
30S ribosomal protein S200101
30S ribosomal protein S20101
30S ribosomal protein S30101
30S ribosomal protein S40101
30S ribosomal protein S50101
30S ribosomal protein S80101
30S ribosomal protein S90101
50S ribosomal protein L130101
50S ribosomal protein L140101
50S ribosomal protein L160101
50S ribosomal protein L230101
30S ribosomal protein S150101
50S ribosomal protein L170101
50S ribosomal protein L210101
50S ribosomal protein L300101
50S ribosomal protein L60101
30S ribosomal protein S140101
30S ribosomal protein S170101
30S ribosomal protein S10101
50S ribosomal protein L180101
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma1001
50S ribosomal protein L20101
50S ribosomal protein L30101
50S ribosomal protein L240101
50S ribosomal protein L40101
50S ribosomal protein L220101
50S ribosomal protein L50101
30S ribosomal protein S210101
50S ribosomal protein L250101
50S ribosomal protein L36 20101
Protein-arginine deiminase type-40101
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]