bupivacaine profile

Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	2474
CHEMBL ID	1098
CHEBI ID	77431
CHEBI ID	3215
SCHEMBL ID	25438
MeSH ID	M0003045

Synonym
bloqueina
AC-2096
bupivacaine liposome
CHEMBL1098
sky0402
liposomal bupivacaine
bucaine
sky-0402
liq-865
liq865
ropivacaine hydrochloride impurity, bupivacaine-
chebi:77431 ,
AB00053674-08
BRD-A01636364-003-05-2
gtpl2397
posimir
2-piperidinecarboxamide, 1-butyl-n-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-
2',6'-pipecoloxylidide, 1-butyl-
DIVK1C_000758
KBIO1_000758
1-butyl-n-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide
38396-39-3
einecs 218-553-3
2-piperidinecarboxamide, 1-butyl-n-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-, (+-)-
lac-43
bupivacainum [inn-latin]
(1)-1-butyl-n-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide
win 11318
(+-)-bupivacaine
ah 250
einecs 253-911-2
anekain
bupivacaina [inn-spanish]
sensorcaine
SPECTRUM_001524
PRESTWICK2_000305
BSPBIO_002607
NCGC00178579-01
NCGC00178579-02
2180-92-9
exparel (tn)
bucaine (tn)
D07552
bupivacaine (usan/inn)
SPECTRUM5_001483
IDI1_000758
BSPBIO_000270
BPBIO1_000298
AB00053674
C07529
marcaine
bupivacaine
dl-bupivacaine
dl-1-butyl-2',6'-pipecoloxylidide
1-butyl-n-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-piperidinecarboxamide
(+/-)-bupivacaine
racemic bupivacaine
1-butyl-2',6'-pipecoloxylidide
(rs)-bupivacaine
DB00297
KBIOGR_001516
KBIO2_007140
KBIOSS_002004
KBIO2_002004
KBIO2_004572
KBIO3_001827
PRESTWICK1_000305
SPBIO_001558
PRESTWICK0_000305
SPBIO_002489
SPECTRUM3_000974
SPECTRUM4_001098
SPECTRUM2_001589
NINDS_000758
PRESTWICK3_000305
marcain
HMS2090F12
xaracoll
L000695
FT-0660567
AKOS001637202
cbupivacaine
bupivacaine hcl kit
dur-843
bdbm50350790
sky 0402
y8335394ro ,
bupivacaina
bupivacainum
hsdb 7790
bupivacaine [usan:inn:ban]
unii-y8335394ro
bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension
exparel
FT-0623286
EPITOPE ID:122662
chebi:3215
BRD-A01636364-003-08-6
STL484283
bupivacaine [hsdb]
bupivacaine [green book]
bupivacaine [mi]
bupivacaine [orange book]
zynrelef component bupivacaine
bupivacaine [inn]
bupivacaine [usan]
2-piperidinecarboxamide, 1-butyl-n-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-, (+/-)-
bupivacaine component of zynrelef
ropivacaine hydrochloride impurity, bupivacaine- [usp impurity]
bupivacaine [vandf]
bupivacaine [who-dd]
SCHEMBL25438
AB00053674-09
3-ethyl-2-methylbenzoxazoliumiodide
AKOS016842516
BS-5224
1-butyl-n-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-piperidine-2-carboxamide
2-piperidinecarboxamide, 1-butyl-n-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-, (.+/-.)-
marcaine spinal (salt/mix)
(.+/-.)-1-butyl-2',6'-pipecoloxylidide
marcaine hydrochloride (salt/mix)
(.+/-.)-bupivacaine
lac-43 (salt/mix)
Q-100271
HMS3428P06
AB00053674_10
AB00053674_11
DTXSID2022703 ,
mfcd00243007
FT-0699781
bupivacaine base
SBI-0051846.P002
CS-W023182
FT-0771900
BCP21825
Q422806
119427-31-5
(plusmn)-1-butyl-n-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide
BCP12242
marcaine and sensorcaine
bupivacaine free base
ah250
ah-250
A873847
BB166160
HY-B0405
EN300-18292932
bupivacaina (inn-spanish)
dtxcid802703
n01bb01
bupivacaine hcl collagen-matrix
nocita
bupivacainum (inn-latin)

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Bupivacaine (BUP) is a long-acting amide local anesthetic that may induce strong neurotoxicity and neurological complications. "	( MiRNA-494-3p Regulates Bupivacaine-Induced Neurotoxicity by the CDK6-PI3K/AKT Signaling. Guo, F; Zhang, L, 2021)	2.37
"Bupivacaine (BP) is a commonly clinically used local anesthetic (LA). "	( Bupivacaine Induces ROS-Dependent Autophagic Damage in DRG Neurons via TUG1/mTOR in a High-Glucose Environment. Guo, W; Lai, L; Li, F; Li, L; Peng, S; Wang, Y; Wei, G; Xia, Z; Xu, S, 2022)	3.61
"Bupivacaine is a common local anesthetic that causes neurotoxicity when used at clinical concentrations. "	( Melatonin ameliorates bupivacaine-induced spinal neurotoxicity in rats by suppressing neuronal NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Chen, MY; Huang, LS; Ji, JM; Lai, J; Liu, JC; Luo, YP; Wei, LL; Yu, Y; Zhou, G, 2022)	2.48
"Bupivacaine (BPX) is a widely used local anesthetic. "	( The efficacy of bupivacaine for the treatment of strabismus. Farrelly-Waters, M; Parmar, K; Smith, J, 2022)	2.51
"Bupivacaine is a viable option for the treatment of small angle deviations and is not recommended for use in long-standing cranial nerve palsies or those associated with atrophy. "	( The efficacy of bupivacaine for the treatment of strabismus. Farrelly-Waters, M; Parmar, K; Smith, J, 2022)	2.51
"Bupivacaine is a commonly used drug. "	( Bupivacaine Metabolite Can Interfere with Norfentanyl Measurement by LC-MS/MS. Basu, S; Bernstein, S; Flood, JG; Griggs, D; Khaliq, T; Leffert, L; Mahowald, G; Siegel, M; Uljon, S, 2022)	3.61
"Bupivacaine is a more widely used anesthetic than mepivacaine. "	( Mepivacaine Versus Bupivacaine for Spinal Anesthesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Random Controlled Trials. Fan, G; Guo, W; Tan, H; Wan, T; Xie, Y, 2022)	2.49
"Bupivacaine is a short-acting local anesthetic. "	( Bupivacaine/meloxicam ER: A New Dual-acting Extended-Release Local Anesthetic for Opioid-Sparing Postoperative Pain Management. Bourn, T; Serpa, SM, 2023)	3.8
"Bupivacaine/meloxicam ER is a viable, safe, nonopioid local anesthetic for sustained 72-hour postoperative pain management mitigating opioid consumption."	( Bupivacaine/meloxicam ER: A New Dual-acting Extended-Release Local Anesthetic for Opioid-Sparing Postoperative Pain Management. Bourn, T; Serpa, SM, 2023)	3.8
"Bupivacaine (BUP) is an anesthetic from the family of aminoacyl anesthetics and has the highest myotoxicity among other groups of anesthetics. "	( Applications of bupivacaine in the non-surgical treatments of strabismus: a review. Ansari-Astaneh, MR; Es'haghi, A; Gharib, B; Ghavami Shahri, SH; Kiarudi, MY, 2022)	2.51
"Levobupivacaine is a long-acting amide local anaesthetic used in analgesia and anaesthesia. "	( Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Levobupivacaine. Bampoe, S; Brunnen, D; Heppolette, CAA; Odor, PM, 2020)	1.36
"Bupivacaine is a longer-lasting local anesthetic, and a film-forming formulation allows easy and durable application to the affected skin."	( Postherpetic Neuralgia: Current Evidence on the Topical Film-Forming Spray with Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and a Review of Available Treatment Strategies. Anya, A; Berger, AA; Cornett, EM; Fortier, L; Herron, EW; Kassem, H; Kaye, AD; Ngo, AL; Oh, JH; Sanchez, MG; Urits, I; Urman, RD; Viswanath, O; Yilmaz, M, 2020)	1.51
"Bupivacaine is an amide local anesthetic with possible side effects that include an irregular heart rate. "	( The anesthetic bupivacaine induces cardiotoxicity by targeting L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels. Chen, B; Gao, Y; Hua, Q; Li, B; Yang, R; Zhang, X, 2020)	2.35
"Bupivacaine is a long-acting local anesthetic (LA) used for cutaneous infiltration, peripheral nerve blocks, epidural and spinal anesthesia. "	( Transient left ventricular dysfunction due to coronary spasm after spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine - a case report. Bartkowski, J; Elikowski, W; Horbacka, K; Kalawski, B; Małek-Elikowska, M; Słomczyński, M, 2017)	2.12
"Bupivacaine is a commonly used local anesthetic in postoperative pain management. "	( Anti-nociceptive effects of bupivacaine-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles applied to the compressed dorsal root ganglion in mice. Dai, F; Hurwitz, O; LaMotte, RH; Ma, C; Shimada, SG; Tian, D; Wang, T; Zhou, J, 2018)	2.22
"Bupivacaine is a valid alternative to articaine in third molar surgery and may offer residual anesthesia as a means of reducing postoperative pain. "	( Double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial on analgesic efficacy of local anesthetics articaine and bupivacaine after impacted third molar extraction. Manzano-Moreno, FJ; Muñoz-López, JL; Olmedo-Gaya, MV; Reyes-Botella, C; Vallecillo-Capilla, MF, 2018)	2.14
"Bupivacaine is a commonly used local anesthetic that has been shown to be cytotoxic to articular chondrocytes and various tumor cells. "	( The In Vitro Effects of Bupivacaine on Cartilage-forming Tumor Cells. Chapman, GL; Mirshahidi, S; Zuckerman, LM, 2019)	2.26
"Bupivacaine is an amide local anaesthetic used in hyperbaric and isobaric forms. "	( Use of hyperbaric versus isobaric bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Chan, ES; Lim, Y; Sia, AT; Siddiqui, FJ; Sng, BL; Tan, KH, 2013)	2.11
"Bupivacaine is a fi rst choice for regional anesthesia considering its effectiveness, long duration and less motor blockade. "	( Comparative study related to cardiovascular safety between bupivacaine (S75-R25) and ropivacaine in brachial plexus block. Auler, JO; de Rezende, MR; Hamaji, A; Mattar, R; Vieira, JE, )	1.82
"Bupivacaine is a widely used, local anesthetic agent that blocks voltage-gated Na(+) channels when used for neuro-axial blockades. "	( Ultralow concentrations of bupivacaine exert anti-inflammatory effects on inflammation-reactive astrocytes. Biber, B; Björklund, U; Block, L; Hansson, E; Jörneberg, P; Westerlund, A, 2013)	2.13
"Levobupivacaine is an enantiomer of racemic bupivacaine with less cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity."	( Local anesthesia for treatment of hernia in elder patients: Levobupicavaine or Bupivacaine? Accurso, A; Amato, B; Amato, M; Aprea, G; Bianco, T; Compagna, R; Danzi, M; Fappiano, F; Rossi, R; Vigliotti, G, 2013)	1.1
"Bupivacaine is a sodium channel blocker administered for local infiltration, nerve block, epidural, and intrathecal anesthesia."	( Enhanced expression of WD repeat-containing protein 35 via nuclear factor-kappa B activation in bupivacaine-treated Neuro2a cells. Feng, GG; Fujiwara, Y; Harato, M; Huang, L; Ishikawa, N; Kondo, F; Okada, S, 2014)	1.34
"Bupivacaine is a first choice for regional anesthesia considering its effectiveness, long duration and less motor blockade. "	( Comparative study related to cardiovascular safety between bupivacaine (S75-R25) and ropivacaine in brachial plexus block. Auler, JO; Hamaji, A; Mattar, R; Rezende, MR; Vieira, JE, )	1.82
"Bupivacaine is an amide type long acting local anesthetic used for epidural anesthesia and nerve blockade in patients. "	( Growth inhibition by bupivacaine is associated with inactivation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1. Andrabi, KI; Bashir, A; Bashir, B; Beigh, MA; Hussain, Mu; Showkat, M, 2014)	2.16
"Bupivacaine is a sodium channel blocker, which is widely used for local infiltration nerve block, epidural and intrathecal anesthesia. "	( The effects of hispidulin on bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity: role of AMPK signaling pathway. Chen, J; Li, S; Niu, X; Wang, P; Zhang, M; Zhou, H, 2014)	2.14
"Bupivacaine is a long-acting local anaesthetic that is widely used in medicine and dentistry. "	( Anaesthetic efficacy of bupivacaine 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin for dental anaesthesia after inferior alveolar nerve block in rats. Caldas, CS; Franz-Montan, M; Groppo, FC; Nolasco, FP; Paula, Ed; Santos, CP; Serpe, L; Silva, CB; Volpato, MC, 2014)	2.15
"Bupivacaine is an amide local anesthetic used in hyperbaric and plain forms administered as spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. "	( Hyperbaric versus plain bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Chan, ESY; Heng Sia, AT; Lim, Y; Siddiqui, FJ; Sng, BL; Tan, KH, 2015)	2.17
"Bupivacaine is a well-known local anaesthetic."	( Randomised controlled trial of spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine or 2-chloroprocaine during caesarean section. Laubach, M; Maes, S; Poelaert, J, 2016)	1.4
"Bupivacaine is a commonly used local anaesthetic for spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section, but may produce prolonged motor block, delaying discharge from the post-anaesthesia care unit. "	( Duration of motor block with intrathecal ropivacaine versus bupivacaine for caesarean section: a meta-analysis. Banerjee, A; Halpern, S; Hunter, J; Johnstone, C; Malhotra, R, 2016)	2.12
"Bupivacaine is an established and efficacious anesthetic that has become increasingly popular in postoperative pain management. "	( Bupivacaine drug-induced liver injury: a case series and brief review of the literature. Chintamaneni, P; Malik, SM; Stevenson, HL, 2016)	3.32
"Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic widely used in surgical procedures."	( Comparison of histopathological effects of perineural administration of bupivacaine and bupivacaine-dexmedetomidine in rat sciatic nerve. Alizadeh, L; Arhami-Dolatabadi, A; Daneshbod, Y; Hosseinian, MA; Khandaghy, M; Memari, E; Mirabotalebi, M; Mirkheshti, A; Shirian, S, 2016)	1.39
"Bupivacaine acts as a non-competitive antagonist and has limitations, such as myotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and inflammation."	( GaAs laser therapy reestablishes the morphology of the NMJ and nAChRs after injury due to bupivacaine. Codina, F; de Souza Castro, PA; Matheus, SM; Pinto, CG; Pissulin, CN; Vechetti-Junior, IJ, 2017)	1.4
"Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic commonly used to relieve or control pain in interventional spine procedures. "	( Effect of bupivacaine on intervertebral disc cell viability. Kang, J; Lee, H; O'Connell, S; Sowa, G; Studer, R; Vadala, G; Vo, N, 2010)	2.21
"Bupivacaine is an amide type local anesthetic which is widely used for epidural anesthesia and nerve blockade in patients. "	( Alpha-lipoic acid prevents bupivacaine-induced neuron injury in vitro through a PI3K/Akt-dependent mechanism. Cheng, Y; Ding, Z; Li, C; Liu, L; Wang, X; Zhang, W; Zhang, X, 2010)	2.1
"Levobupivacaine is a valid alternative to traditional local anesthetics for surgical removal of lower third molars. "	( Postoperative pain relief after surgical removal of impacted third molars: a single-blind, randomized, controlled study to compare levobupivacaine and mepivacaine. Brienza, N; Crincoli, V; Di Bisceglie, MB; Favia, G; Giuliani, R; Massaro, M, 2009)	1.11
"Levobupivacaine is a long-acting local anesthetic with a clinical profile similar to that of racemic bupivacaine but with a greater margin of safety. "	( The direct effect of levobupivacaine in isolated rat aorta involves lipoxygenase pathway activation and endothelial nitric oxide release. Choi, YS; Hah, YS; Hwang, EM; Jeong, YS; Lee, SH; Ok, SH; Park, JY; Shin, IW; Sohn, JT, 2010)	1.22
"Bupivacaine infiltration is a safe and effective method for relief of pediatric post-adenotonsillectomy pain."	( Bupivacaine versus normal saline for relief of post-adenotonsillectomy pain in children: a meta-analysis. Jin, L; Meng, Y; Sun, J; Wu, X, 2010)	3.25
"Levobupivacaine (Chirocaine) is a long-acting amide local anaesthetic that is effective when administered as an epidural, spinal, peripheral nerve or ocular block, or by topical application or local infiltration. "	( Levobupivacaine: a review of its use in regional anaesthesia and pain management. Keating, GM; Sanford, M, 2010)	1.48
"Bupivacaine is a widely used long-acting local anaesthetic. "	( The effects of lidocaine on bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity in the isolated rat heart. Jarkovský, J; Krikava, I; Nováková, M; Ševčík, P; Stourac, P, 2010)	2.1
"Levobupivacaine is a long acting local anesthetic with less cardiovascular toxicity. "	( [Comparison of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine for postoperative epidural analgesia]. Goyagi, T; Kudo, R; Nishikawa, T, 2010)	1.25
"Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic commonly used for back pain management in interventional procedures. "	( Bupivacaine decreases cell viability and matrix protein synthesis in an intervertebral disc organ model system. Choe, SR; Dong, Q; Hartman, RA; Kang, JD; Lee, JY; Ngo, K; Niedernhofer, LJ; Sowa, GA; Vo, NV; Wang, D; Witt, WT, 2011)	3.25
"Levobupivacaine is a new long-acting local anesthetic, which is the isolated S-enantiomer of racemic bupivacaine with less cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity than bupivacaine. "	( A comparison of spinal isobaric levobupivacaine and racemic bupivacaine for lower abdominal and lower extremity surgery. Bn, KP; Bn, MT; Bn, RK; Sathitkarnmanee, T; Thongrong, C; Tribuddharat, S, 2011)	1.2
"Levobupivacaine is a long-acting local anesthetic that intrinsically produces vasoconstriction in isolated vessels. "	( Levobupivacaine-induced contraction of isolated rat aorta is calcium dependent. Baik, JS; Chung, YK; Hwang, EM; Kim, JG; Ok, SH; Park, JY; Park, SS; Sohn, JT; Sung, HJ, 2011)	1.49
"Levobupivacaine is a long-acting amide local anesthetic that intrinsically produces vasoconstriction both in vivo and in vitro. "	( Protein kinases participate in the contraction in response to levobupivacaine in the rat aorta. Kwon, SC; Lee, SH; Ok, SH; Shim, HS; Sohn, JT, 2012)	1.17
"Bupivacaine is a widely used anaesthetic injected locally in clinical practice for short-term neurotransmission blockade. "	( Acute and chronic effects of bupivacaine on muscle energetics during contraction in vivo: a modular metabolic control analysis. Arsac, LM; Deschodt-Arsac, V; Diolez, P; Miraux, S; Nouette-Gaulain, K; Rossignol, R; Thiaudiere, E, 2012)	2.11
"Bupivacaine is a local anaesthetic prohibited in equine sports. "	( Structural elucidation of phase I and II metabolites of bupivacaine in horse urine and fungi of the Cunninghamella species using liquid chromatography/multi-stage mass spectrometry. Bondesson, U; Hedeland, M; Rydevik, A, 2012)	2.07
"Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic compound belonging to the amino amide group. "	( Bupivacaine inhibits large conductance, voltage- and Ca2+- activated K+ channels in human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells. Enrique, N; Martín, P; Milesi, V; Palomo, AR; Rebolledo, A, )	3.02
"Levobupivacaine is an enantiomer of racemic bupivacaine with less cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity."	( Comparative study between Levobupivacaine and Bupivacaine for hernia surgery in the elderly. Amato, B; Amato, M; Aprea, G; Compagna, R; Coretti, G; Iacono, F; Militello, C; Prezioso, D; Puzziello, A; Vigliotti, G, 2012)	1.15
"Levobupivacaine is a newly developed local anaesthetic derived from a bupivacaine racemic mixture from which the right isomer has been eliminated. "	( 0.25% levo-bupivacaine for interscalene block during shoulder surgery. A survey on 20 patients. Chillemi, S; Marino, A; Sinardi, D; Trimarchi, G, )	1.08
"Levobupivacaine seems to be a suitable alternative local anaesthetic to lignocaine with adrenaline for pain control after oral operations."	( Safety and efficacy of levobupivacaine for postoperative pain relief after the surgical removal of impacted third molars: a comparison with lignocaine and adrenaline. Coulthard, P; Gennery, BA; Rood, JP; Snowdon, AT, 2002)	1.09
"Levobupivacaine is a promising new local anaesthetic agent for pain management in paediatric patients and appears to offer similar anaesthetic efficacy to racemic bupivacaine with a potentially improved tolerability profile."	( Efficacy and safety of caudal injection of levobupivacaine, 0.25%, in children under 2 years of age undergoing inguinal hernia repair, circumcision or orchidopexy. Austin, S; Chalkiadis, GA; Eyres, R; Taylor, R, 2003)	1.13
"Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic agent of the amide class. "	( Clinical experience with intrathecal bupivacaine in combination with opioid for the treatment of chronic pain related to failed back surgery syndrome and metastatic cancer pain of the spine. Caraway, DL; Deer, TR; Dempsey, CD; Kim, CK; McNeil, KF; Stewart, CD, )	1.85
"Levobupivacaine 7.5 g ml(-1) is an isobaric solution within all patient groups at 37 degrees C [corrected]"	( Density of spinal anaesthetic solutions of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine with and without dextrose. McLeod, GA, 2004)	1.07
"Levobupivacaine is an effective agent for spinal anesthesia in neonates at a recommended dose of 1 mg x kg(-1). "	( Levobupivacaine spinal anesthesia in neonates: a dose range finding study. Farrell, T; Frawley, GP; Smith, S, 2004)	1.44
"Levobupivacaine is an effective local anaesthetic agent for nerve blockade with less systemic toxicity than racemic bupivacaine. "	( Plasma levobupivacaine concentrations following scalp block in patients undergoing awake craniotomy. Cormack, JR; Costello, TG; Harris, K; LaFerlita, B; Mather, LE; Murphy, MA, 2005)	1.28
"Bupivacaine is a long-acting local anesthetic agent that is very widely used for cutaneous infiltration, peripheral nerve blocks, epidural anesthesia, and spinal anesthesia. "	( Cardiovascular collapse from low dose bupivacaine. Levsky, ME; Miller, MA, 2005)	2.04
"Bupivacaine is a racemic mixture of S(-)- and R(+)-enantiomers. "	( In vitro antagonism of recombinant ligand-gated ion-channel receptors by stereospecific enantiomers of bupivacaine. Mashimo, T; Sugimoto, M; Suzuki, T; Uchida, I; Ueta, K, )	1.79
"Levobupivacaine is an effective agent for caudal anesthesia in children at a recommended dose of 2.5 mg x kg(-1). "	( Levobupivacaine caudal anesthesia in children: a randomized double-blind comparison with bupivacaine. Downie, S; Frawley, GP; Huang, GH, 2006)	1.45
"Bupivacaine is a potent local anesthetic widely used for prolonged local and regional anesthesia. "	( Stereoselective block of cardiac sodium channels by bupivacaine in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Bennett, PB; Hondeghem, LM; Snyders, DJ; Tamargo, J; Valenzuela, C, 1995)	1.98
"Bupivacaine is a more potent inhibitor of adrenergic neurotransmission in the blood vessel wall than is lidocaine."	( Inhibitory effects of bupivacaine and lidocaine on adrenergic neuroeffector junctions in rat tail artery. Gardner, CA; Szocik, JF; Webb, RC, 1993)	1.32
"Bupivacaine is a local ocular anesthetic with a long duration of action when administered by retrobulbar injection. "	( Topical bupivacaine and proparacaine: a comparison of toxicity, onset of action, and duration of action. Beuerman, RW; Liu, JC; McDonald, MB; Steinemann, TL; Thompson, HW, 1993)	2.16
"Bupivacaine HCl is a 50:50 racemic mixture of the levo [S(-)] and dex [R(+)] enantiomers. "	( Arterial and pulmonary arterial concentrations of the enantiomers of bupivacaine after epidural injection in elderly patients. Go, G; Mather, LE; Sculco, TP; Sharrock, NE, 1998)	1.98
"Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic frequently used in clinical practice, and cardiotoxicity is one of its severe side effects."	( The effects of verapamil and nimodipine on bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: an in vivo and in vitro study. Adsan, H; Onaran, O; Tulunay, M, 1998)	1.28
"Levobupivacaine is an enantiomer of the long-acting local anaesthetic bupivacaine, which, although currently the most widely used agent in surgery and obstetrics, is associated with potentially fatal cardiotoxicity. "	( Levobupivacaine. McClellan, KJ; Spencer, CM, 1998)	1.42
"Bupivacaine is a commonly used local anesthetic in dental, ophthalmologic, and simple surgical procedures. "	( Bupivacaine-induced seizures and ventricular fibrillation in a 13-year-old girl undergoing wound debridement. Newman, RD; Yan, AC, 1998)	3.19
"Bupivacaine is a potent local anaesthetic used in equine medicine. "	( Bupivacaine in the horse: relationship of local anaesthetic responses and urinary concentrations of 3-hydroxybupivacaine. Boyles, J; Carter, WG; Dirikolu, L; Harkins, JD; Karpiesiuk, W; Lehner, A; Tobin, T; Woods, WE, 1999)	3.19
"Levobupivacaine is a long acting local anaesthetic with a clinical profile closely resembling that of bupivacaine. "	( Levobupivacaine: a review of its pharmacology and use as a local anaesthetic. Foster, RH; Markham, A, 2000)	1.42
"Bupivacaine hydrochloride is a long-acting local anesthetic that is clinically effective for approximately 8 hours."	( Bupivacaine for postoperative pain relief at the iliac crest bone graft harvest site. Gusmorino, P; Moskovich, R; Puri, R; Shott, S, 2000)	2.47
"Bupivacaine is a commonly used local anesthetic for labor epidural analgesia."	( Mode of delivery following labor epidural analgesia: influence of ropivacaine and bupivacaine. Litwin, AA, 2001)	1.26
"Bupivacaine is a local anaesthetic of great potency and long duration but has also well known cardio-and CNS toxic side-effects. "	( Best indications for local anaesthetics: bupivacaine. Bertellini, E; Gazzotti, F; Tassi, A, 2001)	2.02
"Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic commonly used in obstetrical practice. "	( Effects of bupivacaine and calcium antagonists on human uterine arteries in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Källfelt, B; Lindblom, B; Norén, H, 1991)	2.11
"Bupivacaine is a commonly used local anesthetic in obstetrical practice, but since this compound also has a constrictor action on vascular smooth muscle it can be hazardous to the fetus. "	( Effects of bupivacaine and calcium antagonists on the rat uterine artery. Källfelt, B; Lindblom, B; Norén, H, 1991)	2.11

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Bupivacaine (Bup) has a certain research basis in pain-related diseases, but it has not been studied in painful diabetic neuropathy. "	( Low concentration of Bupivacaine ameliorates painful diabetic neuropathy by mediating miR-23a/PDE4B axis in microglia. Ju, F; Liao, O; Xia, L; Xie, A; Zhang, X; Zhou, Y, 2021)	2.38
"Bupivacaine has a lower incidence of TNS as an alternative but it may have a prolonged action."	( Systematic review of spinal anaesthesia using bupivacaine for ambulatory knee arthroscopy. Abrishami, A; Chung, F; Lermitte, J; Nair, GS, 2009)	1.33
"Bupivacaine has a lower incidence of transient neurological symptoms than lidocaine after intrathecal (i.t.) injection. "	( Comparison of the effects of intrathecal administration of levobupivacaine and lidocaine on the prostaglandin E2 and glutamate increases in cerebrospinal fluid: a microdialysis study in freely moving rats. Lauwers, MH; Michotte, Y; Poelaert, J; Shi, L; Smolders, I; Umbrain, VJ, 2009)	2.04
"Levobupivacaine has a greater vasodilatory effect than ropivacaine. "	( Regional anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy: a comparison between ropivacaine and levobupivacaine. Arlati, S; Bettinelli, L; Bracconaro, G; Cristalli, A; Marconi, G; Zerbi, S, 2009)	1.13
"Levobupivacaine has a greater safety margin for cardiotoxicity than bupivacaine; consequently it has been recommended as the agent of choice for extending low-dose epidural analgesia for emergency caesarean section. "	( Low-dose epidural top up for emergency caesarean delivery: a randomised comparison of levobupivacaine versus lidocaine/epinephrine/fentanyl. Balaji, P; Dhillon, P; Russell, IF, 2009)	1.13
"Levobupivacaine has a vasoconstrictive effect in 0.25% concentrations that may be beneficial in tonsillectomy patients and has a consistent analgesic effect."	( Vasoconstrictive and analgesic efficacy of locally infiltrated levobupivacaine in tonsillectomy patients. Akin, I; Akkaya, T; Aladag, E; Alicura, S; Ergil, J; Gozaydin, O; Gumus, H; Gunsoy, B, 2012)	1.17
"L-Bupivacaine has a safer side-effect profile than bupivacaine. "	( Comparison of L-bupivacaine 0.75% and lidocaine 2% with bupivacaine 0.75% and lidocaine 2% for peribulbar anaesthesia. Lai, F; Nicholson, G; Sutton, B, 2003)	1.39
"Levobupivacaine 5 g ml(-1) has a significantly higher density compared with bupivacaine 5 g ml(-1) and ropivacaine 5 g ml(-1) at 23 and 37 degrees C both with and without dextrose."	( Density of spinal anaesthetic solutions of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine with and without dextrose. McLeod, GA, 2004)	1.07
"Bupivacaine has a higher lipid solubility, tissue permeability, and affinity for sodium channels than lidocaine, resulting in greater anesthetic potency."	( A comparison of intracellular lidocaine and bupivacaine concentrations producing nerve conduction block in the giant axon of crayfish in vitro. Ibusuki, S; Takasaki, M; Yano, T, 2006)	1.32
"Bupivacaine has a chiral centre and is currently available as a racemic mixture of its two enantiomers: R(+)-bupivacaine and S(-)-bupivacaine. "	( Extradural S(-)-bupivacaine: comparison with racemic RS-bupivacaine. Bannister, J; Cox, CR; Faccenda, KA; Gilhooly, C; Morrison, LM; Scott, NB, 1998)	2.09
"Bupivacaine has a small effect on abdominal and skin pain 2 h after surgery (p = 0.01) but has no effect on shoulder or back discomfort."	( Pain after laparoscopy: an observational study and a randomized trial of local anesthetic. Bryce, F; Griffiths-Jones, M; Hicks, N; Jarvis, G; Johnson, N; MacDonald, H; Onwude, JL; Player, J; Tuffnell, D; Yates, A, 1994)	1.01
"S(-) bupivacaine has a more potent phasic blocking effect than ropivacaine or R(+) bupivacaine in crayfish giant axons in vitro. "	( Comparisons of the anesthetic potency and intracellular concentrations of S(-) and R() bupivacaine and ropivacaine in crayfish giant axon in vitro. Kanai, Y; Katsuki, H; Takasaki, M, 2000)	1.04
"Bupivacaine has a slow onset (20-30 min) and a long duration of action (240-360 min), and is used to control pain both preoperatively and postoperatively."	( Local and regional anesthesia. Dawson, SD; Lemke, KA, 2000)	1.03
"Bupivacaine has been demonstrated to be less effective in patients with chronic nerve palsies."	( The efficacy of bupivacaine for the treatment of strabismus. Farrelly-Waters, M; Parmar, K; Smith, J, 2022)	1.79
"Bupivacaine (BUP) has previously been shown to trigger neurotoxicity after spinal anesthesia. "	( Ferrostatin-1 ameliorates Bupivacaine-Induced spinal neurotoxicity in rats by inhibiting ferroptosis. Chen, Y; Ji, J; Lai, J; Lin, Y; Liu, J; Liu, Z; Luo, X; Luo, Y; Wei, L; Zhao, Y; Zhou, G, 2023)	2.65
"Bupivacaine has previously been reported to induce neurotoxicity, which is further enhanced by high glucose levels. "	( High glucose and bupivacaine‑induced cytotoxicity is mediated by enhanced apoptosis and impaired autophagy via the PERK‑ATF4‑CHOP and IRE1‑TRAF2 signaling pathways. Gao, M; Liu, Y; Ma, Y; Shang, L; Sun, L; Wei, B, 2019)	2.3
"Bupivacaine and lidocaine have been shown to be toxic to certain malignancies."	( Bupivacaine and Lidocaine Induce Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma Tumor Cells. de Necochea-Campion, R; Duerksen-Hughes, P; Janjua, A; Mirshahidi, HR; Mirshahidi, S; Reeves, ME; Shields, TG; Williams, NL; Yuan, X; Zuckerman, LM, 2021)	2.79
"Bupivacaine (Bup) has a certain research basis in pain-related diseases, but it has not been studied in painful diabetic neuropathy. "	( Low concentration of Bupivacaine ameliorates painful diabetic neuropathy by mediating miR-23a/PDE4B axis in microglia. Ju, F; Liao, O; Xia, L; Xie, A; Zhang, X; Zhou, Y, 2021)	2.38
"Bupivacaine has been widely used in clinical Anesthesia, but its neurotoxicity has been frequently reported, implicating cellular oxidative DNA damage as the major underlying mechanism. "	( The roles of PARP-1 and XPD and their potential interplay in repairing bupivacaine-induced neuron oxidative DNA damage. Lai, L; Liu, Z; Luo, J; Ma, C; Xia, Z; Xu, S; Zhao, W, 2021)	2.3
"Bupivacaine 0,5% has the most pronounced effect."	( Antibacterial effect of local anaesthetics Bátai, I; Győrffy, Ö; Kerényi, M; Kovács, T; Sütő, B; Szabó, Z; Szentkirályi, É, 2021)	1.34
"Bupivacaine has emerged as the most popular choice, but its relatively long-acting effect limits its use with rapid recovery."	( Spinal Anesthesia Using Ropivacaine Leads to Earlier Ambulation After Total Hip Arthroplasty. Abrams, JH; Arumugam, S; Contino, V; Cremins, MS; McCann, GP; Sinha, SK; Vellanky, SS, )	0.85
"Bupivacaine 40 mg/mL has been available in France only since July 2020 under temporary authorization of use."	( First Evaluation Switching From Ropivacaine to Highly Concentrated Bupivacaine in Intrathecal Mixtures for Cancer Pain. Bellanger, M; Bienfait, F; Boré, F; Delorme, T; Dupoiron, D; Jaoul, V; Jubier-Hamon, S; Lebrec, N; Pluchon, YM; Robert, J; Seegers, V; Sorrieul, J, 2021)	1.58
"Bupivacaine has been shown to induce neurotoxicity through inducing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. "	( Activation of p47phox as a Mechanism of Bupivacaine-Induced Burst Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Neural Toxicity. Li, FX; Li, L; Li, YJ; Liu, ZT; Xu, SY; Yu, XJ; Zhao, W, 2017)	2.17
"Levobupivacaine group has shown a greater request for paracetamol while patients who experienced bupivacaine have showed a higher request of other analgesics."	( Local anesthesia for treatment of hernia in elder patients: Levobupicavaine or Bupivacaine? Accurso, A; Amato, B; Amato, M; Aprea, G; Bianco, T; Compagna, R; Danzi, M; Fappiano, F; Rossi, R; Vigliotti, G, 2013)	1.1
"Levobupivacaine has less toxic potential on both the cardiovascular and central nervous system and has been widely used for postoperative epidural analgesia in surgical patients. "	( Comparative efficacy of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine for epidural block in outpatients with degenerative spinal disease. Araki, H; Egashira, T; Fukasaki, M; Hara, T; Okada, M; Sakai, A; Terao, Y, )	0.98
"Levobupivacaine has been developed as a safer alternative to bupivacaine because of its reduced systemic toxicity. "	( Effects of levobupivacaine on isolated rat tracheal smooth muscle. Chang, HC; Chen, SY; Cherng, YG; Huang, YF; Liu, FL; Wang, HW, 2015)	1.33
"Levobupivacaine has excellent anesthetic effect in epidural anesthesia for gynecology and it is suitable for clinical use."	( Application of Ropivacaine and Levobupivacaine in Epidural Anesthesia for Gynecological Surgery. Ma, MY; Wang, Y; Wang, YP; Zhang, Y, )	0.97
"S(-)-Bupivacaine has the pharmacotoxicological advantage over its antipode and racemate. "	( Stereospecific interaction of bupivacaine enantiomers with lipid membranes. Kashimata, M; Mizogami, M; Takakura, K; Tsuchiya, H; Ueno, T, )	0.93
"Levobupivacaine has been extensively evaluated for spinal anesthesia. "	( Effects of baricity of 0.5% or 0.75% levobupivacaine on the onset time of spinal anesthesia: a randomized trial. Adamanti, S; Baciarello, M; Danelli, G; De Marco, G; Di Cianni, S; Fanelli, G; Zasa, M, 2008)	1.17
"Bupivacaine has a lower incidence of TNS as an alternative but it may have a prolonged action."	( Systematic review of spinal anaesthesia using bupivacaine for ambulatory knee arthroscopy. Abrishami, A; Chung, F; Lermitte, J; Nair, GS, 2009)	1.33
"Bupivacaine has a lower incidence of transient neurological symptoms than lidocaine after intrathecal (i.t.) injection. "	( Comparison of the effects of intrathecal administration of levobupivacaine and lidocaine on the prostaglandin E2 and glutamate increases in cerebrospinal fluid: a microdialysis study in freely moving rats. Lauwers, MH; Michotte, Y; Poelaert, J; Shi, L; Smolders, I; Umbrain, VJ, 2009)	2.04
"Levobupivacaine has less central nervous system side effects than racemic bupivacaine, but its anesthetic effect is not as intense. "	( Comparison of histologic spinal cord and neurologic changes in guinea pigs after subarachnoid block with large volumes of racemic bupivacaine, 50% enantiomeric excess bupivacaine (S75-R25), and levobupivacaine. Capelozzi, M; Capelozzi, VL; Posso, Ide P; Vasconcelos Filho, PO, )	0.89
"Levobupivacaine has a greater vasodilatory effect than ropivacaine. "	( Regional anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy: a comparison between ropivacaine and levobupivacaine. Arlati, S; Bettinelli, L; Bracconaro, G; Cristalli, A; Marconi, G; Zerbi, S, 2009)	1.13
"Levobupivacaine has a greater safety margin for cardiotoxicity than bupivacaine; consequently it has been recommended as the agent of choice for extending low-dose epidural analgesia for emergency caesarean section. "	( Low-dose epidural top up for emergency caesarean delivery: a randomised comparison of levobupivacaine versus lidocaine/epinephrine/fentanyl. Balaji, P; Dhillon, P; Russell, IF, 2009)	1.13
"Bupivacaine has been shown to be toxic to articular cartilage, which has similarities to intervertebral disc (IVD) cartilage, raising concern over a potentially negative effect of bupivacaine on the disc."	( Effect of bupivacaine on intervertebral disc cell viability. Kang, J; Lee, H; O'Connell, S; Sowa, G; Studer, R; Vadala, G; Vo, N, 2010)	1.48
"Bupivacaine has been widely used as a long-acting local anesthetic. "	( AMPK attenuates bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity. Ha, JH; Kang, IS; Kim, HJ; Lee, SC; Lee, SJ; Shin, TJ, 2010)	2.15
"Levobupivacaine has a vasoconstrictive effect in 0.25% concentrations that may be beneficial in tonsillectomy patients and has a consistent analgesic effect."	( Vasoconstrictive and analgesic efficacy of locally infiltrated levobupivacaine in tonsillectomy patients. Akin, I; Akkaya, T; Aladag, E; Alicura, S; Ergil, J; Gozaydin, O; Gumus, H; Gunsoy, B, 2012)	1.17
"Bupivacaine 2 mg kg-1 has been recommended for this block."	( Pharmacokinetics of 0.75% ropivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine after ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve block in children. Ala-Kokko, TI; Alahuhta, S; Karinen, J; Kiviluoma, K; Räihä, E, 2002)	1.29
"L-Bupivacaine has a safer side-effect profile than bupivacaine. "	( Comparison of L-bupivacaine 0.75% and lidocaine 2% with bupivacaine 0.75% and lidocaine 2% for peribulbar anaesthesia. Lai, F; Nicholson, G; Sutton, B, 2003)	1.39
"Levobupivacaine 5 g ml(-1) has a significantly higher density compared with bupivacaine 5 g ml(-1) and ropivacaine 5 g ml(-1) at 23 and 37 degrees C both with and without dextrose."	( Density of spinal anaesthetic solutions of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine with and without dextrose. McLeod, GA, 2004)	1.07
"Bupivacaine (2 mg kg(-1)) has been recommended for blockade of the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves in paediatric patients undergoing inguinal surgery. "	( Pharmacokinetics of 0.5% levobupivacaine following ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve blockade in children. Ala-Kokko, TI; Alahuhta, S; Karinen, J; Kiviluoma, K; Räihä, E, 2005)	2.06
"Levobupivacaine (0.5%) has better anaesthetic properties with respect to 0.75% ropivacaine and is well-suited for peribulbar block in cataract surgery."	( Efficacy and comparison of 0.5% levobupivacaine with 0.75% ropivacaine for peribulbar anaesthesia in cataract surgery. Celleno, D; Di Donato, A; Fontana, C; Lancia, F, 2006)	1.17
"Bupivacaine has a higher lipid solubility, tissue permeability, and affinity for sodium channels than lidocaine, resulting in greater anesthetic potency."	( A comparison of intracellular lidocaine and bupivacaine concentrations producing nerve conduction block in the giant axon of crayfish in vitro. Ibusuki, S; Takasaki, M; Yano, T, 2006)	1.32
"Bupivacaine has been encapsulated by solvent evaporation method based on O/W emulsion, using poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) 50:50. "	( Bupivacaine-loaded biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid microspheres I. Optimization of the drug incorporation into the polymer matrix and modelling of drug release. Gao, S; Lu, Y; Sun, D; Zhang, G; Zhang, H; Zhong, Y, 2008)	3.23
"Bupivacaine has been encapsulated into multilameller liposomes in order to reduce its systemic toxicity and to lengthen its action. "	( Motor blockade and absence of local nerve toxicity induced by liposomal bupivacaine injected into the brachial plexus of rabbits. Boogaerts, J; Donnay, M; Lafont, N; Legros, FJ; Luo, H, 1995)	1.97
"Bupivacaine has been associated to multilamellar liposomes with the aim of altering circulating plasma concentrations after injection into the rabbit brachial plexus. "	( Plasma concentrations of bupivacaine after brachial plexus administration of liposome-associated and plain solutions to rabbits. Boogaerts, JG; Lafont, ND; Legros, FJ; Luo, H, 1993)	2.03
"bupivacaine has stronger depressive effects on cardiac conduction than does i.v."	( Bupivacaine does not suppress cardiac sympathetic nerve activity during halothane anesthesia in the cat. Asada, A; Morimoto, O; Nishikawa, K; Terai, T; Yukioka, H, 1997)	2.46
"Bupivacaine has the beneficial property of less motor blockade than other local anesthetics."	( The efficacy of intrathecal coadministration of morphine and bupivacaine for labor analgesia. Chen, LH; Hsu, MS; Hsu, TC; Tsai, YC; Wu, JL; Yang, WJ, 1997)	1.26
"Bupivacaine has a chiral centre and is currently available as a racemic mixture of its two enantiomers: R(+)-bupivacaine and S(-)-bupivacaine. "	( Extradural S(-)-bupivacaine: comparison with racemic RS-bupivacaine. Bannister, J; Cox, CR; Faccenda, KA; Gilhooly, C; Morrison, LM; Scott, NB, 1998)	2.09
"Bupivacaine has a small effect on abdominal and skin pain 2 h after surgery (p = 0.01) but has no effect on shoulder or back discomfort."	( Pain after laparoscopy: an observational study and a randomized trial of local anesthetic. Bryce, F; Griffiths-Jones, M; Hicks, N; Jarvis, G; Johnson, N; MacDonald, H; Onwude, JL; Player, J; Tuffnell, D; Yates, A, 1994)	1.01
"S(-) bupivacaine has a more potent phasic blocking effect than ropivacaine or R(+) bupivacaine in crayfish giant axons in vitro. "	( Comparisons of the anesthetic potency and intracellular concentrations of S(-) and R() bupivacaine and ropivacaine in crayfish giant axon in vitro. Kanai, Y; Katsuki, H; Takasaki, M, 2000)	1.04
"Bupivacaine has not been studied."	( Prolonged suppression of tinnitus after peripheral nerve block using bupivacaine and lidocaine. Weinmeister, KP, )	1.09
"Levobupivacaine has recently been approved for epidural anaesthesia."	( Evaluation of the effects of levobupivacaine on clotting and fibrinolysis using thromboelastography. Leonard, SA; Lydon, A; O'Hare, B; Shorten, GD; Walsh, M, 2000)	1.07
"Bupivacaine has a slow onset (20-30 min) and a long duration of action (240-360 min), and is used to control pain both preoperatively and postoperatively."	( Local and regional anesthesia. Dawson, SD; Lemke, KA, 2000)	1.03
"Bupivacaine has been the most widely used local anaesthetic for years. "	( Levobupivacaine. Borghi, B; Ivani, G; van Oven, H, 2001)	2.31
"Bupivacaine has been thought to have little effect on the fetus, but neurobehavioural studies have cast doubt on this."	( Elimination of pethidine and bupivacaine in the newborn. Aggett, PJ; Cooper, LV; Stephen, GW, 1977)	1.27
"Bupivacaine has been used for spinal anesthesia since 1982 in our department. "	( [Investigation of 121 cases of spinal anesthesia with plain 0.5% bupivacaine]. Kobayashi, T; Shima, N; Yokoyama, K, 1990)	1.96
"Bupivacaine has been called the local anesthetic of choice for epidural infusion."	( Epidural catheter analgesia for the management of postoperative pain. Cullen, ML; Staren, ED, 1986)	0.99

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Bupivacaine can inhibit protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation and activated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα)."	( Apelin-13 Reverses Bupivacaine-Induced Cardiotoxicity via the Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway. Cai, Y; Chen, H; Jin, Z; Liu, L; Papadimos, TJ; Shi, K; Wang, Q; Xia, E; Xia, F; Xia, Y; Xu, X; Ye, Y, 2021)	1.67
"The bupivacaine-induced increase of ROS and calcium and the bupivacaine-induced decrease of MMP were attenuated by ROS scavengers NAC and mitotempo, and the lipid emulsion."	( Lipid emulsions attenuate the inhibition of carnitine acylcarnitine translocase induced by toxic doses of local anesthetics in rat cardiomyoblasts. Ahn, SH; Kang, D; Kim, HJ; Lee, SH; Ok, SH; Sohn, JT, )	0.61
"Bupivacaine may cause neuronal DNA damage and PARP-1 activation in pregnant mice. "	( Oxidative DNA Damage-induced PARP-1-mediated Autophagic Flux Disruption Contributes to Bupivacaine-induced Neurotoxicity During Pregnancy. Li, J; Luo, J; Xu, S; Zeng, L; Zhao, W, 2023)	2.58
"Bupivacaine (BPV) can cause severe central nervous system toxicity when absorbed into the blood circulation system. "	( BDNF-TrkB/proBDNF-p75 Bai, Z; Chen, X; Jia, D; Wang, F, 2023)	2.35
"Levobupivacaine may produce a sensory and motor block that is different from that produced by bupivacaine, the most popular local anaesthetic for parturients undergoing caesarean section (CS)."	( An unusually prolonged duration of spinal anaesthesia following 0.5% levobupivacaine. Bigat, Z; Ertugrul, F; Karsli, B; Kayacan, N, 2012)	1.09
"Levobupivacaine did not cause any significant changes in haemodynamic parameters, including systolic blood pressure, and showed a similar sensory block onset time compared with bupivacaine, but it had a significantly longer motor block onset time compared with bupivacaine."	( Intrathecal bupivacaine or levobupivacaine: which should be used for elderly patients? Bigat, Z; Ertugrul, F; Gulec, D; Karsli, B; Kayacan, N, 2014)	1.26
"Bupivacaine help the lower pain values and less additional painkiller need after FESS."	( Different anesthetic agents-soaked sinus packings on pain management after functional endoscopic sinus surgery: which is the most effective? Arıkan, OK; Haytoğlu, S; Kuran, G; Muluk, NB, 2016)	1.16
"Bupivacaine has a lower incidence of TNS as an alternative but it may have a prolonged action."	( Systematic review of spinal anaesthesia using bupivacaine for ambulatory knee arthroscopy. Abrishami, A; Chung, F; Lermitte, J; Nair, GS, 2009)	1.33
"Bupivacaine has a lower incidence of transient neurological symptoms than lidocaine after intrathecal (i.t.) injection. "	( Comparison of the effects of intrathecal administration of levobupivacaine and lidocaine on the prostaglandin E2 and glutamate increases in cerebrospinal fluid: a microdialysis study in freely moving rats. Lauwers, MH; Michotte, Y; Poelaert, J; Shi, L; Smolders, I; Umbrain, VJ, 2009)	2.04
"Bupivacaine significantly increase the level of glutamate in a dose- dependent manner in the RTA muscle. "	( Intramuscular bupivacaine injection dose-dependently increases glutamate release and muscle injury in rats. Cherng, CH; Wong, CS; Wu, CT; Yeh, CC, 2010)	2.16
"Levobupivacaine may produce a sensory and motor block different from that produced by bupivacaine, which is the most popular local anesthetic in parturients undergoing cesarean section. "	( A randomized comparison of different doses of intrathecal levobupivacaine combined with fentanyl for elective cesarean section: prospective, double-blinded study. Firat, V; Gunusen, I; Karaman, S; Sargin, A, 2011)	1.17
"Bupivacaine and lower concentrations of lidocaine transiently alter Ca2+(cyt) homeostasis for several minutes, but without an immediate neurotoxic effect within 60 min."	( Effect of local anesthetic on neuronal cytoplasmic calcium and plasma membrane lysis (necrosis) in a cell culture model. DaSilva, AD; Gores, GJ; Johnson, ME; Saenz, JA; Uhl, CB, 2002)	1.04
"Bupivacaine-loaded gels allow the drug was permeated through the skin."	( Transdermal application of bupivacaine-loaded poly(acrylamide(A)-co-monomethyl itaconate) hydrogels. Bernardo, MV; Blanco, MD; Sastre, RL; Teijón, C; Teijón, JM, 2003)	1.34
"The bupivacaine group had lower pain scores and reduced narcotics during the 24-hour period, with a 23-minute shorter time to discharge from the postanesthesia care unit than the placebo group (P =.02)."	( Bupivacaine bolus injection versus placebo for pain management following total knee arthroplasty. Browne, C; Colwell, C; Copp, S; Pulido, P; Reden, L, 2004)	2.25
"Levobupivacaine produced an increase in amplitude of contractions, while bupivacaine showed an increased trend in frequency."	( Effects of levobupivacaine and bupivacaine on rat myometrium. Li, ZG; Tang, HF; Zhou, L, 2006)	1.17
"Bupivacaine had a lower success rate than lidocaine (64% versus 82%) but there was no significant difference between the two solutions."	( A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of bupivacaine and lidocaine for maxillary infiltrations. Beck, M; Gross, R; McCartney, M; Reader, A, 2007)	1.31
"The bupivacaine group had lower pain score than the control group during the first 4 hours (p < 0.001 at 1 hour and p < 0.05 at 2 hours)."	( Intra-articular morphine and bupivacaine for pain relief after therapeutic arthroscopic knee surgery. Chan, ST, 1995)	1.06
"Bupivacaine lower extremity motor block onset was significantly faster than ropivacaine (9 +/- 3 vs."	( A double-blind comparison of the abdominal wall relaxation produced by epidural 0.75% ropivacaine and 0.75% bupivacaine in gynecologic surgery. Bridenbaugh, PO; Katz, JA; Knarr, D; Quinlan, R; Tuttle, AA, )	1.07
"Bupivacaine induced an increase in VTPP at 30 and 60 min, limitation of oedema at 60 min and a reduction in spinal c-fos expression at 60 and 180 min, but these effects were not present 240 min after carrageenan."	( Effects of local anaesthetics on carrageenan-evoked inflammatory nociceptive processing in the rat. Besson, JM; Buritova, J; Fletcher, D; Honoré, P, 1996)	1.02
"Bupivacaine's ability to enhance Ca2+ release channel-ryanodine receptor activity of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum most likely contributes to the myotoxicity of this local anesthetic. "	( Interaction of bupivacaine and tetracaine with the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channel of skeletal and cardiac muscles. Komai, H; Lokuta, AJ, 1999)	2.1
"Bupivacaine may also inhibit TX signaling, but seems to block additional factors as well."	( Bupivacaine inhibits whole blood coagulation in vitro. Durieux, ME; Feirer, N; Hoenemann, CW; Kohrs, R, )	2.3
"Bupivacaine may cause sinus arrhythmias by facilitating EAD generation in SA node cells."	( Effects of nicardipine and bupivacaine on early after depolarization in rabbit sinoatrial node cells: a possible mechanism of bupivacaine-induced arrhythmias. Kurata, Y; Matsuda, T, 1999)	1.32
"Levobupivacaine was found to cause smaller changes in indices of cardiac contractility and the QTc interval of the electrocardiogram and also to have less depressant effect on the electroencephalogram."	( Cardiac and CNS toxicity of levobupivacaine: strengths of evidence for advantage over bupivacaine. Gristwood, RW, 2002)	1.08
"The bupivacaine group had lower pain scores (P less than 0.01) and required less papaveretum (P less than 0.01) than the control group."	( Efficacy of continuous extrapleural intercostal nerve block on post-thoracotomy pain and pulmonary mechanics. Berrisford, RG; Bibby, SR; Bickford Smith, PJ; Eng, J; Majid, MR; Mearns, AJ; Sabanathan, S, 1990)	0.76
"Bupivacaine did, however, cause wider individual variations compared with lignocaine with respect to coronary blood flow."	( Effects of lignocaine and bupivacaine on regional myocardial function and coronary blood flow in anaesthetized dogs. Arvieux, CC; Foëx, P; Lehot, JJ; Leone, BJ; Ramsay, JG; Runciman, WB; Ryder, WA; Welding, RN, 1988)	1.3

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Bupivacaine treatment dose-dependently reduced cell viability, increased LDH release, and induced ROS production and PI3K/PKB pathway inactivation in SH-SY5Y cells, which were overturned by capillarisin treatment. "	( Capillarisin protects SH-SY5Y cells against bupivacaine-induced apoptosis via ROS-mediated PI3K/PKB pathway. Wang, Q; Zhao, T, 2020)	2.26
"Bupivacaine treatment led to an increase in Caspase 3 gene expression (P = 0.000) as well as the acetaminophen treatment (P = 0.001) when compared to control."	( Acetaminophen, bupivacaine, Duramorph, and Toradol: A comparison of chondrocyte viability and gene expression changes in osteoarthritic human chondrocytes. Chen, C; Cooke, C; Flynn, J; Jackson, N; Keating, P; Lemos, S; Markel, D; Osborne, J, 2020)	1.63
"Bupivacaine treatment also decreased colony formation, migration, and invasion of HepG2 and SNU-449 cells."	( Local anesthetic bupivacaine inhibits proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via suppressing PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling. Cai, X; Guan, H; Guo, W; Wang, L; Yan, N; Zhu, L, 2021)	1.68
"Levobupivacaine treatment inhibited phosphorylated ERK1/2 induction, carbenoxolone treatment inhibited glial phosphorylated ERK1/2 at 2 min after the injury, and carbenoxolone inhibited pain hypersensitivity and neuronal phosphorylated ERK1/2 at 1 h after the injury."	( Synergistic activation of ERK1/2 between A-fiber neurons and glial cells in the DRG contributes to pain hypersensitivity after tissue injury. Amaya, F; Horii, Y; Matsuda, M; Matsuoka, Y; Sawa, T; Takemura, H; Yamaguchi, Y; Yamakita, S; Yamashita, A, )	0.61
"Levobupivacaine treated group required significantly more intravenous tramadol when compared with paracetamol and lornoxicam groups in patients submitted to transperitoneal laparoscopic renal and adrenal surgery."	( Comparıson of different postoperative paın managements in patients submitted to transperitoneal laparoscopic renal and adrenal surgery. Aslan, Y; Atan, A; Balci, M; Postaci, A; Tuncel, A, )	0.69
"Bupivacaine treatment significantly induced cell injury as evidenced by decreased cell viability, increased nuclear condensation and Annexin V staining. "	( Alpha-lipoic acid prevents bupivacaine-induced neuron injury in vitro through a PI3K/Akt-dependent mechanism. Cheng, Y; Ding, Z; Li, C; Liu, L; Wang, X; Zhang, W; Zhang, X, 2010)	2.1
"Bupivacaine treatment in the presence of 45°C and 50°C temperatures significantly increased necrosis of bovine articular chondrocytes in this in vitro study."	( Supraphysiologic temperature enhances cytotoxic effects of bupivacaine on bovine articular chondrocytes in an in vitro study. Ge, D; Liu, S; Lucas, J; Mead, RN; Ryu, J; Savoie, FH; You, Z, 2012)	1.34
"In bupivacaine-treated mice, a significant correlation was observed between limb weakness scores and paw withdrawal latencies."	( Paradoxical enhancement of bupivacaine anesthesia in mice by drugs that open sodium channels. Lindsay, RJ; Smith, FL, 2003)	1.13
"Bupivacaine treatment caused severe tissue damage (score, 2.3 +/- 0.7), whereas ropivacaine induced fiber injury of a significantly smaller extent (score, 1.3 +/- 0.8)."	( The acute myotoxic effects of bupivacaine and ropivacaine after continuous peripheral nerve blockades. Bohl, JRE; Braun, PM; Fink, RHA; Graf, BM; Hacke, N; Martin, E; Seif, C; Sinner, B; Zink, W, 2003)	1.33
"Bupivacaine microspheres treatment produced conduction blockade with a complete lack of sensory responsiveness in the sural territory for 6 to 10 days. "	( Development of neuropathic pain in the rat spared nerve injury model is not prevented by a peripheral nerve block. Berde, CB; Decosterd, I; Gilliard, N; Papaloïzos, M; Spahn, DR; Suter, MR; Woolf, CJ, 2003)	1.76
"All bupivacaine-treated, four of five lidocaine-treated, and no control hearts beat throughout the 60-min recovery period. "	( Adding bupivacaine to high-potassium cardioplegia improves function and reduces cellular damage of rat isolated hearts after prolonged, cold storage. Conlon, B; DiGregorio, G; Edelman, L; Feinstein, DL; Law, WR; Massad, M; Murphy, P; Palmer, JW; Ripper, R; Ross, JD; Weinberg, GL, 2006)	1.35
"The bupivacaine-treated patients had a significantly higher mean pain score at two hours following recovery from anesthesia than the saline-treated patients."	( The effect of wound irrigation with bupivacaine on postoperative analgesia of the feline onychectomy patient. Benson, GJ; Greenfield, CL; Winkler, KP, )	0.89
"The bupivacaine-treated group had more degenerated and injured muscle fibers, and more osteocytes than the control group."	( Effect of bupivacaine on muscle tissues and new bone formation induced by demineralized bone matrix gelatin. Horisaka, Y; Kawada, J; Matsumoto, N; Okamoto, Y; Takagi, T; Yamashita, K; Yoshimura, Y, 1991)	1.16
"Only treatment with bupivacaine alone induced cardiovascular and respiratory rate changes that stayed within acceptable limits."	( Fentanyl and methadone used as adjuncts to bupivacaine for lumbosacral epidural analgesia in sheep. de Carvalho, AQ; DeRossi, R; Hermeto, LC; Macedo, GG; Pagliosa, RC, 2017)	1.03
"Treatment with bupivacaine or lidocaine caused depression of contraction to all four stimuli. "	( Inhibitory effects of bupivacaine and lidocaine on adrenergic neuroeffector junctions in rat tail artery. Gardner, CA; Szocik, JF; Webb, RC, 1993)	0.95
"The treatment of bupivacaine-induced cardiovascular toxicity with amiodarone or bretylium was studied using anesthetized pigs (n = 30). "	( Treatment of bupivacaine-induced cardiac arrhythmias in hypoxic and hypercarbic pigs with amiodarone or bretylium. Haasio, J; Kyttä, J; Pitkänen, MT; Rosenberg, PH, )	0.84

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Etidocaine given by intravenous infusion has been compared, using a double-blind technique, with bupivacaine and lignocaine in respect of toxic symptoms and signs."	( Evaluation of the toxicity of local anaesthetic agents in man. Scott, DB, 1975)	0.47
" We conclude that central nervous system toxic effects of amide/amide or amide/ester anesthetic combinations, such as might occur during accidental intravascular injection, are no more than when the drugs are administered alone."	( Central nervous system toxicity of local anesthetic mixtures in the rat. Baker, MT; Dexter, F; Spiegel, DA; Todd, MM; Warner, DS, 1992)	0.28
" This work suggests that the lethal cardiorespiratory toxicity of lidocaine and bupivacaine associated with intravenous infusion is additively toxic in rats."	( Lidocaine and bupivacaine cardiorespiratory toxicity is additive: a study in rats. Erskine, R; James, MF; Janicki, PK; Mets, B; Sasman, B, 1992)	0.87
" In this rat model, desbutylbupivacaine was about half as toxic as bupivacaine judged by cardiac parameters, and clearly less toxic to the central nervous system than bupivacaine."	( Acute cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity of bupivacaine and desbutylbupivacaine in the rat. Heavner, JE; Rosenberg, PH, 1992)	0.82
" Three minutes after pretreatment, group 1 (n = 11), group 3 (n = 10), and their respective control groups (n = 11 and n = 9) received intravenous bupivacaine LD50 (median lethal dose)."	( Nimodipine reduces the toxicity of intravenous bupivacaine in rats. Horn, JL; Hyman, SA; Kambam, JR; Kinney, WW; Skelley, CC, 1992)	0.74
"Metoclopramide administered before induction of spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery appears to significantly reduce both pre- and postdelivery emetic symptoms without apparent adverse effects on mother or neonate."	( The antiemetic efficacy and safety of prophylactic metoclopramide for elective cesarean delivery during spinal anesthesia. Bader, AM; Datta, S; Lussos, SA; Thornhill, ML, )	0.13
"The influence of digoxin on the systemic toxic effects of bupivacaine was studied in a rodent animal model."	( Digoxin enhances bupivacaine toxicity in rats. De Kock, M; Gautier, P; Renotte, MT; Vandewalle, F, )	0.72
" This study assessed the effects of bupivacaine at toxic dose in dogs with previous beta-adrenergic receptor blockade."	( [Do beta adrenergic receptor blockaders increase bupivacaine cardiotoxicity?]. Bassoul, B; Brugada, J; d'Athis, F; de La Coussaye, JE; Desch, G; Eledjam, JJ; Gagnol, JP; Sassine, A, 1990)	0.81
" Our data suggest that epinephrine or phenylephrine added to bupivacaine may be more toxic to cardiorespiratory systems than plain bupivacaine or epinephrine alone or phenylephrine alone when injected intravenously in rats."	( Epinephrine and phenylephrine increase cardiorespiratory toxicity of intravenously administered bupivacaine in rats. Holaday, DA; Kambam, JR; Kinney, WW; Matsuda, F; Wright, W, 1990)	0.74
"Pregnant sheep are more vulnerable to the toxic effects of bupivacaine, a potent local anesthetic, than are nonpregnant sheep."	( Pregnancy does not alter lidocaine toxicity. Arthur, GR; Covino, BG; Finster, M; Morishima, HO, 1990)	0.52
"The influence of age and volatile anesthetic agents on plasma concentrations and toxic effects of bupivacaine were studied in 2-day-old, 2-week-old, and 2-month-old pigs."	( Bupivacaine toxicity in young pigs is age-dependent and is affected by volatile anesthetics. Badgwell, JM; Heavner, JE; Kytta, J, 1990)	1.94
" They were familiarized with the central nervous system (CNS) toxic effects of local anesthetics by receiving a preliminary intravenous injection of lidocaine."	( Acute toxicity of ropivacaine compared with that of bupivacaine. Bloomfield, P; Bowler, GM; Fagan, D; Lee, A; Lundh, R; Scott, DB, 1989)	0.53
" Dose-response curves were constructed from the data obtained, and the CD50 and LD50 values for each local anesthetic alone and in combination with each of the vasoconstrictors were calculated by probit analysis."	( Modification of local anesthetic toxicity by vasoconstrictors. Dorris, RL; Taylor, SE, )	0.13
"To determine what effect the addition of epinephrine has on bupivacaine toxicity, toxic doses of bupivacaine were administered to awake spontaneously breathing pigs."	( Effect of epinephrine on central nervous system and cardiovascular system toxicity of bupivacaine in pigs. Bernards, CM; Brown, DL; Carpenter, RL; Kenter, ME; Rupp, SM; Thompson, GE, 1989)	0.74
" Immediate pretreatment with verapamil increased the mortality of mice given the LD50 dose of lidocaine to 74%, and in mice given the LD50 doses of bupivacaine, to 82%."	( Verapamil increases the toxicity of local anesthetics. Rosenblatt, RM; Tallman, RD; Wang, YL; Weaver, JM, 1988)	0.47
" However, the sinus bradycardias and junctional disturbances seen in toxic accidents are probably due to an inhibition of the slow current of the atrial and atrio-ventricular nodes (Isi current)."	( [Mechanisms of the cardiac toxicity of bupivacaine]. Bassoul, B; Brugada, J; de la Coussaye, JE; Eledjam, JJ, 1988)	0.54
" The toxic dose was significantly less in the six-week-old group than younger or older animals."	( The influence of age on the cardiovascular toxicity of intravenous bupivacaine in young dogs. Bell, B; Brown, TC; Edwards, J; Riquelme, CM, 1987)	0.51
"The risk of toxic effects on the heart of bupivacaine following several kinds of locoregional anaesthesia has been investigated in the dog in situ heart by determining conduction time and effective refractory period in the various parts of the conduction system and the ventricular muscle, as well as the discharge rate of the sinus node."	( Electrophysiological study in the dog of the risk of cardiac toxicity of bupivacaine. Béal, JL; Bertrix, L; Faucon, G; Freysz, M; Lakhal, M; Lang, J; Timour, Q, 1987)	0.77
" A slow continuous intravenous infusion of bupivacaine was simulated to examine the possibility that brain and heart concentrations would continue to accumulate reaching toxic concentrations in the absence of blood concentrations associated with bupivacaine toxicity."	( Use of a limited physiologic model to explain target organ toxicity of bupivacaine as a function of route of administration. Coyle, DE; Denson, DD; Thompson, GA, )	0.63
" Amide local anaesthetics are safe in MH-susceptible patients."	( 3-in-1 lumbar plexus block for muscle biopsy in malignant hyperthermia patients. Amide local anaesthetics may be used safely. Gielen, M; Viering, W, 1986)	0.27
" The pharmacokinetics of these compounds are discussed in this review, with particular emphasis on the fetal exposure and its relationship to adverse effects on the fetus."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics in pregnancy and perinatology. I. Placental transfer and fetal side effects of local anaesthetic agents. Nau, H, 1985)	0.27
" It is concluded that as the adverse effects on labor are quite common, PDB should not be given as a routine before delivery, but may be offered liberally when pain in the pudendal area is a main part of the pain of childbirth."	( Analgesia and maternal side effects of pudendal block at delivery. A comparison of three local anesthetics. Langhoff-Roos, J; Lindmark, G, 1985)	0.27
" It is concluded that adding epinephrine to bupivacaine during epidural anesthesia in the normal parturient has no adverse effects on either mother, fetus, neonate, or the progress of labor; and that it significantly prolongs the duration of anesthesia and decreases the incidence of maternal hypotension."	( Safety and efficacy of epinephrine added to bupivacaine for lumbar epidural analgesia in obstetrics. Abboud, TK; Costandi, J; Haroutunian, S; Hoffman, D; Murakawa, K; Sheik-ol-Eslam, A; Yanagi, T; Zakarian, M, 1985)	0.79
" Onset of electrical seizure activity occurred at about the same time in both groups and was defined as the central nervous system (CNS) toxic end point."	( Toxicity and resuscitation in lidocaine- or bupivacaine-infused cats. Chadwick, HS, 1985)	0.53
" A variety of currently available local anesthetic compounds has been deemed safe for common usage in the field of anesthesia."	( Local anesthetic toxicity: review and case studies. Kalil, AL, 1983)	0.27
" These results suggest that the CNS is the primary target organ for the toxic effects of both highly lipid-soluble and highly protein-bound local anesthetics (i."	( Comparative CNS toxicity of lidocaine, etidocaine, bupivacaine, and tetracaine in awake dogs following rapid intravenous administration. Covino, BG; Feldman, HS; Giasi, R; Liu, PL; Patterson, MK, 1983)	0.52
" Prilocaine proved to be significantly less toxic than bupivacaine."	( [Toxicity of prilocaine and bupivacaine in intravenous regional anesthesia]. Hausmann, E; Tryba, M; Wellhöner, HH; Zenz, M, 1982)	0.81
"25% bupivacaine is administered as a continuous infusion or repeated bolus, serum bupivacaine levels frequently approach the toxic range."	( The safety of continuous pleural lignocaine after thoracotomy in children and adolescents. Balsara, RK; Lear, BR; Pasquariello, CA; Schwartz, RE; Stayer, SA, 1995)	0.85
" The patient recovered after treatment without adverse sequelae."	( Bupivacaine toxicity secondary to continuous cervical epidural infusion. Case report. Baaijens, PF; Crul, BJ; Gielen, MJ; Jessen, HJ; Vree, TB, )	1.57
" Areas obtained from the left ventricle at the two time points studied (the half-time from the beginning of injection to the occurrence of asystole referred to as midway through the toxic episode and at asystole) exhibited a significant systolic dilation only midway through the toxic episode."	( Echocardiographic evaluation of bupivacaine cardiotoxicity. Behbehani, MM; Coyle, DE; Porembka, DT; Sehlhorst, CS; Wan, L, 1994)	0.57
" None of the animals given halothane had seizures, but they did exhibit the other three toxic endpoints."	( Bupivacaine toxicity in lightly anesthetized pigs with respiratory imbalances plus or minus halothane. Badgwell, JM; Dryden, CF; Flinders, C; Heavner, JE, )	1.57
" In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PPX is more toxic than expected since we found that its induced mortality was approximately three times that found for bupivacaine and its CNS toxicity was about two times that of bupivacaine."	( Acute toxicity of bupivacaine metabolites in mice. Attolini, L; Bruguerolle, B; Gantenbein, M, 1994)	0.82
" Arterial blood samples were obtained before infusion and at the onset of toxic manifestations, which appeared in the following sequence: convulsions, hypotension, apnea, and circulatory collapse."	( Comparative systemic toxicity of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in nonpregnant and pregnant ewes. Arthur, GR; De Armas, P; Finster, M; Morishima, HO; Santos, AC; Wlody, D, 1995)	0.55
"There were no significant differences between non-pregnant and pregnant animals in the doses or serum concentrations of either drug required to elicit toxic manifestations."	( Comparative systemic toxicity of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in nonpregnant and pregnant ewes. Arthur, GR; De Armas, P; Finster, M; Morishima, HO; Santos, AC; Wlody, D, 1995)	0.55
" Greater doses of ropivacaine, as compared to bupivacaine, are needed to produce toxic manifestations in pregnant animals."	( Comparative systemic toxicity of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in nonpregnant and pregnant ewes. Arthur, GR; De Armas, P; Finster, M; Morishima, HO; Santos, AC; Wlody, D, 1995)	0.8
"The influence of the immunoreactive endogenous digoxin-like factor (IEDLF) on the systemic toxic effects of bupivacaine was studied in a rodent model."	( The endogenous digoxin-like factor enhances bupivacaine toxicity in rats. DeKock, M; Gautier, P; Henin, D, )	0.61
" Threshold doses of bupivacaine's toxic effects (first ventricular arrhythmia, first seizure activity, 25% fall of baseline heart rate, 25% of baseline mean arterial blood pressure, isoelectric electroencephalogram) were significantly lower for the rats with an endogenous digoxin-like activity."	( The endogenous digoxin-like factor enhances bupivacaine toxicity in rats. DeKock, M; Gautier, P; Henin, D, )	0.72
" Whatever the efficiency of specific resuscitation, it must be emphasized that prevention of toxic accident must always include: the best choice of local anesthetic drug (e."	( [Cardiotoxicity of local anesthetics]. Brugada, J; de La Coussaye, JE; Eledjam, JJ; Sassine, A, 1993)	0.29
" The toxic effects of bupivacaine on pacing thresholds, av conduction, intraventricular conduction, cardiac inotropy, and blood pressure are modulated by the stimulation frequency of a cardiac pacemaker."	( [The cardiotoxicity of bupivacaine during pacemaker stimulation is dependent on the stimulation frequency. Results of an experimental study]. Fischer, M; Hahn, N; Hörnchen, U; Lauven, PM, 1993)	0.91
" The current study, using a rodent animal model, evaluated the influence of clonidine pretreatment on the systemic toxic effects of bupivacaine overdose induced by a constant intravenous infusion."	( Clonidine pretreatment reduces the systemic toxicity of intravenous bupivacaine in rats. De Kock, M; Henin, D; Le Polain, B; Scholtes, JL; Vandewalle, F, 1993)	0.73
" The time of occurrence of the bupivacaine-induced toxic events was recorded and the doses were calculated."	( Clonidine pretreatment reduces the systemic toxicity of intravenous bupivacaine in rats. De Kock, M; Henin, D; Le Polain, B; Scholtes, JL; Vandewalle, F, 1993)	0.81
"In this model, clonidine given prophylactically delays the toxic manifestations of bupivacaine overdose and does not accentuate the subsequent hypotension."	( Clonidine pretreatment reduces the systemic toxicity of intravenous bupivacaine in rats. De Kock, M; Henin, D; Le Polain, B; Scholtes, JL; Vandewalle, F, 1993)	0.75
"We investigated analgesia and the adverse effects of epidural sufentanil infusion in a double-blind randomized study of 37 patients undergoing thoracic surgery."	( The analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of continuous epidural sufentanil and bupivacaine infusion after thoracotomy. Bake, B; Hansdóttir, V; Nordberg, G, 1996)	0.52
" The results suggest an increased safety margin before onset of toxic side effects after treatment with ropivacaine, compared to bupivacaine, in pregnant rase."	( Toxicity of bupivacaine and ropivacaine in relation to free plasma concentrations in pregnant rats: a comparative study. Arvidsson, T; Böö, EL; Danielson, MK; Danielsson, BR; Halldin, MM, 1997)	0.88
" Proparacaine was statistically more toxic than were the others."	( Corneal endothelial toxicity of topical anesthesia. Judge, AJ; Lee, DA; Miller, KM; Najafi, K, 1997)	0.3
"No adverse clinical reaction and no histologic abnormality was observed in any of the nine groups after injection."	( Toxicity of intraocular lidocaine and bupivacaine. Liang, C; Peyman, GA; Sun, G, 1998)	0.57
" Both verapamil and nimodipine pretreatment increased the LD50 and 95% confidence intervals for bupivacaine and increased survival."	( The effects of verapamil and nimodipine on bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: an in vivo and in vitro study. Adsan, H; Onaran, O; Tulunay, M, 1998)	0.78
" The reported toxic serum level for bupivacaine was 4 micrograms/ml and for ketoprofen is 1128 micrograms/ml."	( The safety of topical anaesthetic and analgesic agents in a gel when used to provide pain relief at split skin donor sites. Alvi, R; Bunting, P; Burrows, D; Collins, W; Jones, RP; Jones, S; McKiernan, EP, 1998)	0.58
"Cholestasis has been proposed as a side effect of interpleural bupivacaine."	( Cholestasis as a side effect of bupivacaine? Leger, R; Olmer, A; Raetzell, M; Scheiderer, U; Wulf, H, )	0.65
" The incidence of adverse effects was similar in all groups; serious adverse effects did not occur."	( The safety and efficacy of intrabursal oxycodone and bupivacaine in analgesia after shoulder surgery. Kirvelä, O; Muittari, P, )	0.38
" The main side effect was pruritus."	( Combined spinal epidural for labour analgesia--duration, efficacy and side effects of adding sufentanil or fentanyl to bupivacaine intrathecally vs plain bupivacaine. Chen, LH; Chong, JL; Lo, WK, 1999)	0.51
" The timing of the occurrence of local anesthetic-induced toxic events (defined as the first QRS modification, dysrhythmia, seizures, moderate and severe bradycardia and hypotension, final systole) was recorded and the dose calculated."	( The comparative toxicity of ropivacaine and bupivacaine at equipotent doses in rats. Cuignet, O; De Kock, M; Dewinde, V; Dony, P; Gautier, P; Lavand'homme, P; Legrand, E; Vanderick, B, 2000)	0.57
" Peribulbar block appears to be a safe and useful analgesic technique for paediatric ophthalmic surgery."	( Safety and efficacy of peribulbar block as adjunct to general anaesthesia for paediatric ophthalmic surgery. Deb, K; Dehran, M; Shende, D; Subramaniam, R; Tandon, R, 2001)	0.31
" Additionally, they are less toxic to the CNS than bupivacaine judging by the larger doses tolerated before the onset of seizures."	( Cardiotoxicity with modern local anaesthetics: is there a safer choice? Chang, DH; Mather, LE, 2001)	0.56
" No severe adverse effects were noted."	( Continuous fascia iliaca compartment block in children: a prospective evaluation of plasma bupivacaine concentrations, pain scores, and side effects. Bruguerolle, B; Camboulives, J; Paut, O; Rémond, C; Sallabery, M; Schreiber-Deturmeny, E, 2001)	0.53
"In this study, we have shown that, in children, continuous fascia iliaca compartment block, a technique providing neural blockade of the thigh and the anterior part of the knee, was associated with safe plasma bupivacaine concentrations, was well tolerated, and provided satisfactory pain scores in most cases."	( Continuous fascia iliaca compartment block in children: a prospective evaluation of plasma bupivacaine concentrations, pain scores, and side effects. Bruguerolle, B; Camboulives, J; Paut, O; Rémond, C; Sallabery, M; Schreiber-Deturmeny, E, 2001)	0.72
" In this study, chronic supplementation of intrathecal opioids with bupivacaine was a safe method for providing continued management of chronic pain of cancer or noncancer origin."	( Stability, compatibility, and safety of intrathecal bupivacaine administered chronically via an implantable delivery system. Deer, TR; Elsberry, DD; Hildebrand, KR, 2001)	0.8
" Arterial blood samples were obtained before infusion and at the onset of toxic manifestations."	( Systemic toxicity of levobupivacaine, bupivacaine, and ropivacaine during continuous intravenous infusion to nonpregnant and pregnant ewes. DeArmas, PI; Santos, AC, 2001)	0.61
" The mean cumulative dose and serum concentration at each toxic manifestation was lowest for bupivacaine, intermediate for levobupivacaine, and highest for ropivacaine in both pregnant and nonpregnant animals."	( Systemic toxicity of levobupivacaine, bupivacaine, and ropivacaine during continuous intravenous infusion to nonpregnant and pregnant ewes. DeArmas, PI; Santos, AC, 2001)	0.83
"Postoperative epidural infusion of levobupivacaine can provide safe and effective analgesia for patients having hip or knee joint replacement."	( The efficacy and safety of three concentrations of levobupivacaine administered as a continuous epidural infusion in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Berman, JS; Dickson, UK; Gad-Elrab, RR; Murdoch, JA; Scott, NB; Wilson, PA, 2002)	0.83
"Central and regional block procedures have a well-defined role as safe and effective methods in modern anesthesia and analgesia with long-acting local anesthetics."	( The cardiotoxicity of local anesthetics: the place of ropivacaine. Graf, BM, 2001)	0.31
" The safety end-point measurements included Apgar scores, maternal ECG, maternal and neonatal blood pH, and adverse events."	( A comparative study of the safety and efficacy of 0.5% levobupivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine for epidural anesthesia in subjects undergoing elective caesarean section. Cheng, CR; Hung, YC; Su, TH; Wang, PT, 2002)	0.56
" Apgar scores, maternal and neonatal blood pH, maternal ECG, and adverse events did not differ between groups."	( A comparative study of the safety and efficacy of 0.5% levobupivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine for epidural anesthesia in subjects undergoing elective caesarean section. Cheng, CR; Hung, YC; Su, TH; Wang, PT, 2002)	0.56
" No significant maternal or neonatal adverse events were found between the treatment groups."	( A comparative study of the safety and efficacy of 0.5% levobupivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine for epidural anesthesia in subjects undergoing elective caesarean section. Cheng, CR; Hung, YC; Su, TH; Wang, PT, 2002)	0.56
" Sacral block appears early after intrathecal injections compared with epidural ones, and we therefore used SI motor block to determine a safe and reliable test dose for epidural catheter misplacement."	( Evaluation of S1 motor block to determine a safe, reliable test dose for epidural analgesia. Ateleanu, B; Collis, RE; Daoud, Z; Mapleson, WW, 2002)	0.31
" Systemic bupivacaine may affect neural control of the cardiovascular system in addition to having toxic actions on the heart."	( Investigation of systemic bupivacaine toxicity using the in situ perfused working heart-brainstem preparation of the rat. Headley, PM; Paton, JF; Pickering, AE; Waki, H, 2002)	1.02
" Fewer patients after levobupivacaine n=20 (7%) than after lignocaine n=7 (23%) or placebo n=5 (16%) experienced adverse events."	( Safety and efficacy of levobupivacaine for postoperative pain relief after the surgical removal of impacted third molars: a comparison with lignocaine and adrenaline. Coulthard, P; Gennery, BA; Rood, JP; Snowdon, AT, 2002)	0.91
" Surgical management in the form of pyloromyotomy under general anaesthesia has been reported as safe for relieving the obstructed bowel."	( The effectiveness and safety of spinal anaesthesia in the pyloromyotomy procedure. Gaitini, LA; Malatzkey, S; Sabo, E; Somri, M; Tome, R; Vaida, SJ; Yudashkin, M, 2003)	0.32
" Two patients in the levobupivacaine group experienced serious adverse events, but neither was considered related to the study medication."	( The efficacy and safety of 0.75% levobupivacaine vs 0.75% bupivacaine for peribulbar anaesthesia. Birt, DJ; Cummings, GC, 2003)	0.9
"Levobupivacaine and bupivacaine are equally successful in achieving clinically satisfactory peribulbar anaesthesia with few adverse effects."	( The efficacy and safety of 0.75% levobupivacaine vs 0.75% bupivacaine for peribulbar anaesthesia. Birt, DJ; Cummings, GC, 2003)	1.15
"No toxic reactions to bupivacaine were seen."	( Steady state bupivacaine plasma concentrations and safety of a femoral "3-in-1" nerve block with bupivacaine in patients over 80 years of age. Gielen, MJ; Lagerwert, AJ; Snoeck, MM; Vree, TB, 2003)	1
" The aim was to investigate efficacy, adverse effects and safety of the treatments in a large patient population."	( Pain relief and safety after major surgery. A prospective study of epidural and intravenous analgesia in 2696 patients. Flisberg, P; Linnér, R; Lundberg, CJ; Rudin, A, 2003)	0.32
"In a large patient population the use of epidural and intravenous postoperative analgesia was considered safe in surgical wards, and the incidence of adverse effects was low."	( Pain relief and safety after major surgery. A prospective study of epidural and intravenous analgesia in 2696 patients. Flisberg, P; Linnér, R; Lundberg, CJ; Rudin, A, 2003)	0.32
" In this investigation we hypothesized that bupivacaine infiltration of the donor site before skin harvest would prove to be a safe technique as determined by the measurement of blood levels of bupivacaine at various time intervals after infiltration."	( The safety of adding bupivacaine to the subcutaneous infiltration solution used for donor site harvest. Fischer, CG; Kopcha, R; Lloyd, S; McCall, JE; Warden, GD, )	0.71
" Therefore, the authors investigated the adverse effects and effectiveness of this drug when given for ulnar nerve blockade in human volunteers."	( Phase Ia and Ib study of amitriptyline for ulnar nerve block in humans: side effects and efficacy. Eappen, S; Fridrich, P; Gerner, P; Jaeger, W; Schernhammer, E; Wang, GK; Zizza, AM, 2004)	0.32
"Bupivacaine 1 mg seems to be the efficient and safe dose."	( Efficacy and safety of three ophthalmic inserts for topical anaesthesia of the cornea. An exploratory comparative dose-ranging, double-blind, randomized trial in healthy volunteers. Bergmann, JF; Conti, R; El Meski, S; Gaudric, A; Jarrin, I; Mahé, I; Mouly, S; Otéro, J; Simoneau, G; Tavera, C; Tillet, Y, 2005)	1.77
"The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine whether epidural fentanyl-bupivacaine patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) was more efficacious and had fewer adverse effects than epidural or intravenous morphine PCA."	( Efficacy and adverse effects of patient-controlled epidural or intravenous analgesia after major surgery. Hu, JS; Liew, C; Lui, PW; Teng, YH; Tsai, SK, 2004)	0.55
" Adverse effects including nausea, vomiting, pruritus, urinary retention, sedation, motor block, and respiratory depression (< 8 breaths per minute) were recorded."	( Efficacy and adverse effects of patient-controlled epidural or intravenous analgesia after major surgery. Hu, JS; Liew, C; Lui, PW; Teng, YH; Tsai, SK, 2004)	0.32
" There were no differences in other adverse events such as urinary retention, sedation, and motor block among the three groups."	( Efficacy and adverse effects of patient-controlled epidural or intravenous analgesia after major surgery. Hu, JS; Liew, C; Lui, PW; Teng, YH; Tsai, SK, 2004)	0.32
" It is considered safe to use continuous epidural PCA with fentanyl-bupivacaine in patients receiving major elective surgery."	( Efficacy and adverse effects of patient-controlled epidural or intravenous analgesia after major surgery. Hu, JS; Liew, C; Lui, PW; Teng, YH; Tsai, SK, 2004)	0.56
" Adverse events were uncommon, with no difference between groups."	( Cost-effectiveness and safety of epidural steroids in the management of sciatica. Arden, N; Coglan, L; Price, C; Rogers, P, 2005)	0.33
" PCB was found to be a safe pain-relief method for low-risk parturients."	( A comparative study of the safety of 0.25% levobupivacaine and 0.25% racemic bupivacaine for paracervical block in the first stage of labor. Huhtala, H; Kirkinen, P; Palomäki, O, 2005)	0.59
"One-minute exposure to lidocaine 1% E or 2% E appears to be safe for cultured rabbit CECs, although longer exposures could cause time-dependent cytotoxicity, which should be considered in planning cataract or other ocular surgery."	( Cytotoxicity of lidocaine or bupivacaine on corneal endothelial cells in a rabbit model. Chang, YS; Tseng, SH; Tseng, SY; Wu, CL, 2006)	0.63
" Future areas of investigation will focus on improved treatment regimes and better understanding of the mechanism of lipid rescue, which might allow superior alternative therapies, or treatment of other toxic events."	( Lipid rescue resuscitation from local anaesthetic cardiac toxicity. Weinberg, G, 2006)	0.33
"In adolescents, clonidine 1 microg/kg prolonged the duration of sensory block achieved with bupivacaine by 30 min and postoperative analgesia by 120 min without severe adverse events."	( Clonidine 1 microg/kg is a safe and effective adjuvant to plain bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia in adolescents. Abdelaziz, AB; Chattaoui, O; Kaabachi, O; Kokki, H; Ouezini, R; Zarghouni, A, 2007)	0.8
"125% applied daily via chambers covering wounds in a full-thickness pig excision model has no overt toxic effect on wound healing as measured by wound contraction and histological assessment."	( Safety evaluation of topically applied amitriptyline in porcine full-thickness wounds. Bleiziffer, O; Eriksson, E; Gerner, P; Kudsi, Y; Pomahac, B; Velander, P; Zuhaili, B, )	0.13
"Celiac plexus neurolysis and block are considered safe but provide limited pain relief."	( Initial evaluation of the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided direct Ganglia neurolysis and block. Chari, ST; Clain, JE; de la Mora, JG; Gleeson, FC; Levy, MJ; Pearson, RK; Pelaez, MC; Petersen, BT; Rajan, E; Topazian, MD; Vege, SS; Wang, KK; Wiersema, MJ, 2008)	0.35
" This study was designed to investigate whether bupivacaine could induce a toxic effect in primary cultured mouse spinal cord neuron and if so, whether the Shenfu injection had a similar neuroprotective effect in the cell model."	( Shenfu injection attenuates neurotoxicity of bupivacaine in cultured mouse spinal cord neurons. Lei, C; Li, QB; Liu, MY; Lu, ZH; Peng, Y; Wang, Q; Xiong, LZ, 2007)	0.85
" The overall incidence of adverse events was low and consisted primarily of technical problems and postoperative nausea and vomiting."	( Safety and efficacy of patient controlled epidural analgesia following pediatric spinal surgery. Ceroni, D; Greenberg, RS; Habre, W; Kaelin, A; Meyer, PA; Saudan, S; von Ungern-Sternberg, BS, 2008)	0.35
"The present study demonstrates that PCEA provides excellent pain relief following extensive spinal surgery and is associated with a low incidence of adverse events."	( Safety and efficacy of patient controlled epidural analgesia following pediatric spinal surgery. Ceroni, D; Greenberg, RS; Habre, W; Kaelin, A; Meyer, PA; Saudan, S; von Ungern-Sternberg, BS, 2008)	0.35
" Patients also completed a questionnaire each visit regarding their assessment of paralysis, asymmetry, and adverse effects."	( Bupivacaine-induced myotoxicity and its effect on botulinum toxin paresis. Wall, VK; Yen, MT, 2008)	1.79
"General anesthesia produced physiological perturbations, exacerbated local anesthetic-induced cardiovascular depression, and changed the pharmacokinetics of toxic doses of local anesthetics."	( The effects of general anesthesia on the central nervous and cardiovascular system toxicity of local anesthetics. Copeland, SE; Gu, XQ; Ladd, LA; Mather, LE, 2008)	0.35
" We investigated the hypotheses that these drugs (A) are less neurotoxic than the prototype local anesthetic, lidocaine (B) are selectively toxic for subcategories of dorsal root ganglion neurons and (C) induce activation of either p38 MAPK or related enzymes, such as the c-jun terminal N-kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)."	( In vitro, inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways protects against bupivacaine- and ropivacaine-induced neurotoxicity. Colvin, HP; Gerner, P; Haller, I; Klimaschewski, L; Lang, L; Lirk, P; Tomaselli, B, 2008)	0.57
" Importantly, even very low concentrations that were nontoxic over brief exposures became highly toxic after days or weeks of exposure."	( Local myotoxicity from sustained release of bupivacaine from microparticles. Bellas, E; Hao, D; Kohane, DS; Padera, R; Tse, JY, 2008)	0.61
"Butorphanol is considered an effective and safe analgesic after cesarean delivery but is associated with profound dose-dependent sedation."	( The efficacy and safety of low dose epidural butorphanol on postoperative analgesia following cesarean delivery. Basnet, N; Bhattarai, B; Khaniya, S; Pokharel, K; Rahman, TR; Singh, SN, )	0.13
" The present article provides a concise review of the toxic potencies of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine."	( The toxicity of local anesthetics: the place of ropivacaine and levobupivacaine. Graf, BM; Zink, W, 2008)	0.81
" Experimental studies and case reports confirm this hypothesis, showing that ropivacaine is characterized by fewer (cardio) toxic effects and, most probably, a greater margin of safety."	( The toxicity of local anesthetics: the place of ropivacaine and levobupivacaine. Graf, BM; Zink, W, 2008)	0.58
"A prospective study of 644 consecutive augmentation mammaplasty patients shows that indwelling catheters for the postoperative instillation of bupivacaine are both safe and effective in the management of postoperative pain."	( Pain control in augmentation mammaplasty: safety and efficacy of indwelling catheters in 644 consecutive patients. Nelson, CE; Pacik, PT; Werner, C, )	0.33
" Study variables included pain intensity on a visual analog scale every 4 hours, need for rescue analgesia (morphine), complications and adverse events within 5 postoperative days."	( [Epidural analgesia versus femoral or femoral-sciatic nerve block after total knee replacement: comparison of efficacy and safety]. Bartrons Vilarnau, R; Bisbe Vives, E; Castillo Monsegur, J; Escolano Villén, F; Ginés Cespedosa, A; Montes Pérez, A; Santiveri Papiol, X, 2009)	0.35
" Peripheral nerve block techniques have fewer adverse side effects than epidural analgesia."	( [Epidural analgesia versus femoral or femoral-sciatic nerve block after total knee replacement: comparison of efficacy and safety]. Bartrons Vilarnau, R; Bisbe Vives, E; Castillo Monsegur, J; Escolano Villén, F; Ginés Cespedosa, A; Montes Pérez, A; Santiveri Papiol, X, 2009)	0.35
" Only one previous study has reported adverse events of CPNB in a high number of pediatric cases."	( Continuous peripheral nerve blocks for postoperative analgesia in children: feasibility and side effects in a cohort study of 339 catheters. Bringuier, S; Canaud, N; Capdevila, X; Dadure, C; Lubrano-Lavadera, JF; Raux, O; Rochette, A; Troncin, R, 2009)	0.35
" In the postoperative period, demographic data, quality of analgesia, amount of rescue analgesic medication, child/parent satisfaction, and adverse events were recorded in our Departmental Regional Anesthesia registry."	( Continuous peripheral nerve blocks for postoperative analgesia in children: feasibility and side effects in a cohort study of 339 catheters. Bringuier, S; Canaud, N; Capdevila, X; Dadure, C; Lubrano-Lavadera, JF; Raux, O; Rochette, A; Troncin, R, 2009)	0.35
" There were no major adverse events."	( Continuous peripheral nerve blocks for postoperative analgesia in children: feasibility and side effects in a cohort study of 339 catheters. Bringuier, S; Canaud, N; Capdevila, X; Dadure, C; Lubrano-Lavadera, JF; Raux, O; Rochette, A; Troncin, R, 2009)	0.35
" Our results demonstrate that CPNBs are feasible in the pediatric setting, and in skilled hands, they promote prolonged analgesia in the majority of patients without major adverse events."	( Continuous peripheral nerve blocks for postoperative analgesia in children: feasibility and side effects in a cohort study of 339 catheters. Bringuier, S; Canaud, N; Capdevila, X; Dadure, C; Lubrano-Lavadera, JF; Raux, O; Rochette, A; Troncin, R, 2009)	0.35
" Continuous peripheral nerve blocks have been proposed as safe and effective techniques for postoperative pain relief and chronic pain therapy, particularly in small children."	( Age-dependent bupivacaine-induced muscle toxicity during continuous peripheral nerve block in rats. Capdevila, X; Dadure, C; Galbes, O; Hayot, M; Mercier, J; Morau, D; Nouette-Gaulain, K; Pertuiset, C; Rossignol, R; Sztark, F, 2009)	0.71
" We highlight how these toxic effects have motivated the search for a safe and long-acting local anesthetic."	( Local anesthetic systemic toxicity. Dillane, D; Finucane, BT, 2010)	0.36
"The adverse effects of local anesthetics (LAs) on wound healing at surgical sites have been suggested, and may be related to their cytotoxicity."	( Bupivacaine causes cytotoxicity in mouse C2C12 myoblast cells: involvement of ERK and Akt signaling pathways. Chang, YC; Gan, Y; Hibner, M; Huang, Y; Ma, FX; Maurice, JM, 2010)	1.8
" Anti-proliferation and cell death with concomitant apoptosis mediated by bupivacaine may offer an explanation for its adverse effects in vivo (eg slowing wound healing at the surgical sites)."	( Bupivacaine causes cytotoxicity in mouse C2C12 myoblast cells: involvement of ERK and Akt signaling pathways. Chang, YC; Gan, Y; Hibner, M; Huang, Y; Ma, FX; Maurice, JM, 2010)	2.03
" Local anaesthesia is however associated with potential risks and adverse reactions including toxicity."	( Local anaesthetic toxicity. Maher, AJ; Metcalfe, SA; Parr, S, 2008)	0.35
"Local anaesthesia although safe has the potential to cause serious harm in the event of toxicity."	( Local anaesthetic toxicity. Maher, AJ; Metcalfe, SA; Parr, S, 2008)	0.35
"In 2001, we reported a novel technique for pediatric circumcision that has proved to be fast, reliable, and safe during the past 4 years, with good cosmetic results."	( Adult template circumcision: a prospective, randomized, patient-blinded, comparative study evaluating the safety and efficacy of a novel circumcision device. Decastro, B; Gurski, J; Peterson, A, 2010)	0.36
"The use of the adult circumcision template appears to be a reliable and safe method of circumcision that significantly reduces the operative time."	( Adult template circumcision: a prospective, randomized, patient-blinded, comparative study evaluating the safety and efficacy of a novel circumcision device. Decastro, B; Gurski, J; Peterson, A, 2010)	0.36
" Per-operative preparations and management were all standardised, with other drugs being only administered to manage anxiety, pain, nausea/vomiting, hypotension, and any adverse event."	( Spinal anaesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a feasibility and safety study. Gautam, B, )	0.13
"Spinal anaesthesia with Morphine-mixed hyperbaric Bupivacaine is adequate and safe for elective LC in otherwise healthy patients and minimises postoperative pain and opioid use."	( Spinal anaesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a feasibility and safety study. Gautam, B, )	0.38
" An understanding of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemicals can make a significant contribution to the identification of potential toxic effects early in the drug development process and aid in avoiding such problems."	( Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity. Fisk, L; Greene, N; Naven, RT; Note, RR; Patel, ML; Pelletier, DJ, 2010)	0.36
" These benefits, however, can be offset by adverse iatrogenic muscle pain."	( N-acetylcysteine protects against bupivacaine-induced myotoxicity caused by oxidative and sarcoplasmic reticulum stress in human skeletal myotubes. Bourret, A; Capdevila, X; Galbes, O; Matecki, S; Mercier, J; Nouette-Gaulain, K; Philips, A; Pillard, F; Py, G, 2010)	0.64
"The authors used primary cell cultures of human skeletal muscle myoblasts to study local anesthetic adverse effects."	( N-acetylcysteine protects against bupivacaine-induced myotoxicity caused by oxidative and sarcoplasmic reticulum stress in human skeletal myotubes. Bourret, A; Capdevila, X; Galbes, O; Matecki, S; Mercier, J; Nouette-Gaulain, K; Philips, A; Pillard, F; Py, G, 2010)	0.64
"The development of safe and effective local anesthetic agents has possibly been the most important advancement in dental science to occur in the last century."	( Local anesthetics: pharmacology and toxicity. Hersh, EV; Moore, PA, 2010)	0.36
" Adverse effects were rare and unrelated to the choice of drug."	( Evidence-based clinical update: Which local anesthetic drug for pediatric caudal block provides optimal efficacy with the fewest side effects? Cox, RG; Dobereiner, EF; Ewen, A; Lardner, DR, 2010)	0.36
" Adverse effects in human studies are rare, mild, and unrelated to the choice of drug."	( Evidence-based clinical update: Which local anesthetic drug for pediatric caudal block provides optimal efficacy with the fewest side effects? Cox, RG; Dobereiner, EF; Ewen, A; Lardner, DR, 2010)	0.36
" Each result showed that bupivacaine was the most toxic of the three local anaesthetics."	( Comparison of the cytotoxic effects of bupivacaine, lidocaine, and mepivacaine in equine articular chondrocytes. Choi, SH; Hong, G; Kim, G; Park, J; Sutradhar, BC, 2011)	0.94
" Knowing that morphine provides comparable to even prolonged pain reduction after ACL reconstruction, the presented in vitro study suggests morphine as a potentially less toxic analgetic drug for intraarticular application in clinical practice."	( Bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and morphine: comparison of toxicity on human hamstring-derived stem/progenitor cells. Docheva, D; Grote, S; Haasters, F; Kohler, J; Mutschler, W; Polzer, H; Prall, WC; Saller, MM; Schieker, M, 2011)	1.81
"Measures to improve the safe implementation and utilization of an elastomeric infusion system for pain management are described."	( Measures to improve safety of an elastomeric infusion system for pain management. Anderson, RL; Birrer, KL; Liu-DeRyke, X; Patel, KR, 2011)	0.37
"Due to the multiple safety concerns associated with the use of the On-Q infusion systems (I-Flow Corporation, Lake Forest, CA) in a community-based teaching institution, a multidisciplinary team of physicians, pharmacists, clinical nurses, nurse educators, and computer informatics personnel was formed to develop a standardized policy and procedure to ensure the safe use of On-Q pumps."	( Measures to improve safety of an elastomeric infusion system for pain management. Anderson, RL; Birrer, KL; Liu-DeRyke, X; Patel, KR, 2011)	0.37
" SSNB is a very safe procedure in the outpatient setting, even among frail, elderly patients."	( Safety and acceptability of suprascapular nerve block in rheumatology patients. Ahern, MJ; Hill, CL; Shanahan, EM; Shanahan, KR; Smith, MD, 2012)	0.38
"There was no adverse effect in either species."	( The safety and tolerability evaluation of DepoFoam bupivacaine (bupivacaine extended-release liposome injection) administered by incision wound infiltration in rabbits and dogs. Brubaker, AN; Cole, PI; Haan, D; Nelson, KG; Newton, PE; Ott, LR; Rebelatto, MC; Richard, BM; Ross, PE, 2011)	0.62
"This study determined the quality of perioperative analgesia and side effect profile of spinal bupivacaine plus pethidine for caesarean section."	( Subarachnoid bupivacaine and pethidine for caesarean section: assessment of quality of perioperative analgesia and side effects. Akhideno, II; Akpoguado, DD; Asudo, FD; Imarengiaye, CO; Ogunsakin, AT; Omoifo, CE, 2011)	0.96
"5mg resulted in better quality of anaesthesia, longer postoperative analgesia with acceptable side effect profile."	( Subarachnoid bupivacaine and pethidine for caesarean section: assessment of quality of perioperative analgesia and side effects. Akhideno, II; Akpoguado, DD; Asudo, FD; Imarengiaye, CO; Ogunsakin, AT; Omoifo, CE, 2011)	0.74
" The rate of adverse events with conscious sedation has not been previously assessed in the interventional spine procedure setting."	( Adverse events of conscious sedation in ambulatory spine procedures. Marín, DR; Schaufele, MK; Simmons, AC; Tate, JL, 2011)	0.37
"The goal of this study was to determine the rate of adverse events when using conscious sedation in the ambulatory interventional spine setting."	( Adverse events of conscious sedation in ambulatory spine procedures. Marín, DR; Schaufele, MK; Simmons, AC; Tate, JL, 2011)	0.37
"The rate and type of adverse events were analyzed and compared between those who received conscious sedation with local anesthesia and those who received local anesthesia alone."	( Adverse events of conscious sedation in ambulatory spine procedures. Marín, DR; Schaufele, MK; Simmons, AC; Tate, JL, 2011)	0.37
" Of these cases, 66 immediate adverse events (5."	( Adverse events of conscious sedation in ambulatory spine procedures. Marín, DR; Schaufele, MK; Simmons, AC; Tate, JL, 2011)	0.37
"The findings of this study suggest that mild to moderate conscious sedation in interventional spine procedures is associated with low rates of adverse events when established protocols are followed."	( Adverse events of conscious sedation in ambulatory spine procedures. Marín, DR; Schaufele, MK; Simmons, AC; Tate, JL, 2011)	0.37
" No serious adverse events were reported, and no patients discontinued the study due to adverse events."	( The efficacy and safety of DepoFoam bupivacaine in patients undergoing bilateral, cosmetic, submuscular augmentation mammaplasty: a randomized, double-blind, active-control study. Bergese, SD; Hedden, W; Onel, E; Smoot, JD; Williams, HT, 2012)	0.65
"Findings from paired electrocardiograms (ECGs), corresponding pharmacokinetic assessments, and cardiovascular adverse events (AEs) in a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging study of bupivacaine extended-release (150, 300, 450, or 600 mg) or bupivacaine HCl 150 mg with epinephrine administered intraoperatively via wound infiltration in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (n = 138), were assessed for potential causality."	( Bupivacaine extended-release liposome injection exhibits a favorable cardiac safety profile. Bergese, SD; Morganroth, J; Morren, M; Onel, E, )	1.76
" However, during cesarean section with neuraxial block, S-Ketamine might have adverse effects on the interaction between mothers and infants, including breastfeeding."	( A study of low-dose S-ketamine infusion as "preventive" pain treatment for cesarean section with spinal anesthesia: benefits and side effects. Catarci, S; Draisci, G; Suppa, E; Valente, A; Zanfini, BA, 2012)	0.38
" All side effects were rated as light and there were no serious adverse events."	( A study of low-dose S-ketamine infusion as "preventive" pain treatment for cesarean section with spinal anesthesia: benefits and side effects. Catarci, S; Draisci, G; Suppa, E; Valente, A; Zanfini, BA, 2012)	0.38
"Preventive administration of S-Ketamine via 12-hour infusion was safe and may have anti-hyperalgesic action after cesarean section."	( A study of low-dose S-ketamine infusion as "preventive" pain treatment for cesarean section with spinal anesthesia: benefits and side effects. Catarci, S; Draisci, G; Suppa, E; Valente, A; Zanfini, BA, 2012)	0.38
"SABER-Bupivacaine appeared safe with no difference in the incidence of side effects compared with SABER-Placebo."	( Safety and efficacy of extended-release bupivacaine local anaesthetic in open hernia repair: a randomized controlled trial. Abrouk, N; Fletcher, I; Hadj, A; Lissin, D; Moodie, J; Nicholson, D; Rosenfeldt, F; Turner, R; Watts, R, 2012)	1.13
"After open inguinal hernia repair, SABER-Bupivacaine administered at the surgical site was safe and provided pain relief, reduced the need for supplemental (oral and parenteral) analgesia and did not impair wound healing."	( Safety and efficacy of extended-release bupivacaine local anaesthetic in open hernia repair: a randomized controlled trial. Abrouk, N; Fletcher, I; Hadj, A; Lissin, D; Moodie, J; Nicholson, D; Rosenfeldt, F; Turner, R; Watts, R, 2012)	0.91
" Previous studies have shown that the commonly used drugs lidocaine, ropivacaine, and bupivacaine can be toxic to human chondrocytes."	( Cytotoxicity of local anesthetics on human mesenchymal stem cells. Dang, AC; Kim, HT; Kuo, AC; Rahnama, R; Wang, M, 2013)	0.61
"79), and 2% lidocaine was found to be significantly more toxic than all doses of bupivacaine and ropivacaine."	( Cytotoxicity of local anesthetics on human mesenchymal stem cells. Dang, AC; Kim, HT; Kuo, AC; Rahnama, R; Wang, M, 2013)	0.62
" Since other studies have shown ropivacaine to be less toxic to chondrocytes than bupivacaine, ropivacaine may be a safer intra-articular anesthetic."	( Cytotoxicity of local anesthetics on human mesenchymal stem cells. Dang, AC; Kim, HT; Kuo, AC; Rahnama, R; Wang, M, 2013)	0.62
" Adverse events (AEs) were monitored for up to 36 days after administration."	( The safety of liposome bupivacaine, a novel local analgesic formulation. Onel, E; Ramamoorthy, SL; Sinatra, R; Viscusi, ER, 2014)	0.71
" The frequency of analgesic use and the occurrence of adverse side effects during the first 48 hours after surgery were compared between the two groups."	( [Safety and beneficial effects of spinal morphine on the postoperative course of elderly patients undergoing surgical fixation of the femoral neck fracture]. Baba, H; Fujiwara, T; Mochida, T; Watanabe, I; Watanabe, T, 2013)	0.39
"1 mg morphine had beneficial effects and was safe in the postoperative period of elderly patients with femoral neck fracture provided that sufficient observation was given."	( [Safety and beneficial effects of spinal morphine on the postoperative course of elderly patients undergoing surgical fixation of the femoral neck fracture]. Baba, H; Fujiwara, T; Mochida, T; Watanabe, I; Watanabe, T, 2013)	0.39
"Bupivacaine is one of the most toxic local anesthetics but the mechanisms underlying its neurotoxicity are still unclear."	( Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) repletion attenuates bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity. Lai, LY; Li, L; Xu, SY; Zheng, T; Zhou, SQ, 2013)	2.07
" The incidence of adverse events was compared with the chi-square or Fisher test."	( Comparative study related to cardiovascular safety between bupivacaine (S75-R25) and ropivacaine in brachial plexus block. Auler, JO; de Rezende, MR; Hamaji, A; Mattar, R; Vieira, JE, )	0.37
" In addition, the results showed that lidocaine was the most toxic of the three local anesthetics and that ropivacaine presented less cytotoxicity than lidocaine and bupivacaine."	( Comparison of toxicity effects of ropivacaine, bupivacaine, and lidocaine on rabbit intervertebral disc cells in vitro. Cai, XY; Ding, F; Gao, F; Shao, ZW; Xie, M; Xiong, LM; Yang, SH, 2014)	0.85
" There was no statistically significance in adverse events between two groups."	( Efficacy and safety of bupivacaine versus lidocaine in dental treatments: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Huang, Y; Liao, S; Su, N; Wang, H; Yang, S; Zhang, S, 2014)	0.71
" The incidence of adverse events was compared with the chi-square or Fisher test."	( Comparative study related to cardiovascular safety between bupivacaine (S75-R25) and ropivacaine in brachial plexus block. Auler, JO; Hamaji, A; Mattar, R; Rezende, MR; Vieira, JE, )	0.37
"5% lidocaine is fast-onset, very effective and safe in initiating epidural analgesia for early stage labor."	( Low concentration lidocaine (0.5%) bolus epidurally can initiate fast-onset, effective and safe analgesia for early stage labor. Liu, H; Rosinia, F; Yao, S, 2013)	0.39
" This may contribute to a further increase in the safe use of spinal anesthesia in the clinical setting."	( Spinal anesthesia revisited: toxicity of new and old drugs and compounds. Hampl, K; Steinfeldt, T; Wulf, H, 2014)	0.4
"Ropivacaine is not safe when intrathecally administered with lidocaine at the concentrations used in this study."	( Intrathecal lidocaine neurotoxicity: combination with bupivacaine and ropivacaine and effect of nerve growth factor. Chen, W; Ding, X; Guo, Y; Zhao, G, 2014)	0.65
" Adverse effects were recorded and treated."	( Efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine added to caudal bupivacaine in pediatric major abdominal cancer surgery. Alieldin, NH; Fares, KM; Othman, AH, )	0.38
" Of the evaluated anesthetics, ropivacaine is the least toxic in the clinically used concentration."	( Cytotoxic effects of ropivacaine, bupivacaine, and lidocaine on rotator cuff tenofibroblasts. Hah, YS; Kim, JS; Kim, RJ; Lee, SJ; Nam, JB; Park, HB; Sung, CM, 2014)	0.68
"We conclude that intraperitoneal administration of Dex 1 μg/kg combined with bupivacaine improves the quality and the duration of postoperative analgesia and provides an analgesic sparing effect compared to bupivacaine alone without significant adverse effects in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery."	( Efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine in laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery, a randomized trial. Abd El-Rahman, AM; Amin, AT; Fares, KM; Mohamed, AA; Mohamed, SA, 2015)	0.89
" Adverse events (AEs) were monitored for 1 to 30 days after study drug administration."	( Safety and Side Effect Profile of Liposome Bupivacaine (Exparel) in Peripheral Nerve Blocks. Hadzic, A; Ilfeld, BM; Joshi, GP; Lookabaugh, J; Minkowitz, HS; Morren, MD; Viscusi, ER, )	0.39
"Liposome bupivacaine has a similar safety and side effect profile to bupivacaine HCl and normal saline, suggesting that most of the more common AEs are related to either opioid rescue or the surgical procedure itself."	( Safety and Side Effect Profile of Liposome Bupivacaine (Exparel) in Peripheral Nerve Blocks. Hadzic, A; Ilfeld, BM; Joshi, GP; Lookabaugh, J; Minkowitz, HS; Morren, MD; Viscusi, ER, )	0.81
" Primary outcome measures were safety and adverse events associated with NeoSTX."	( A Phase 1, Dose-escalation, Double-blind, Block-randomized, Controlled Trial of Safety and Efficacy of Neosaxitoxin Alone and in Combination with 0.2% Bupivacaine, with and without Epinephrine, for Cutaneous Anesthesia. Alexander, ME; Berde, CB; Bilge, A; Boretsky, K; Cornelissen, L; Cravero, J; Donado, C; Kellogg, M; Kim, J; Kurgansky, KE; Lobo, K; McCann, ME; Ortiz, R; Peake, RW; Peyton, J; Zurakowski, D, 2015)	0.62
"A total of 84 subjects were randomized and completed the two-part trial with no serious adverse events or clinically significant physiologic impairments."	( A Phase 1, Dose-escalation, Double-blind, Block-randomized, Controlled Trial of Safety and Efficacy of Neosaxitoxin Alone and in Combination with 0.2% Bupivacaine, with and without Epinephrine, for Cutaneous Anesthesia. Alexander, ME; Berde, CB; Bilge, A; Boretsky, K; Cornelissen, L; Cravero, J; Donado, C; Kellogg, M; Kim, J; Kurgansky, KE; Lobo, K; McCann, ME; Ortiz, R; Peake, RW; Peyton, J; Zurakowski, D, 2015)	0.62
"NeoSTX combinations have a tolerable side effect profile and appear promising for prolonged local anesthesia."	( A Phase 1, Dose-escalation, Double-blind, Block-randomized, Controlled Trial of Safety and Efficacy of Neosaxitoxin Alone and in Combination with 0.2% Bupivacaine, with and without Epinephrine, for Cutaneous Anesthesia. Alexander, ME; Berde, CB; Bilge, A; Boretsky, K; Cornelissen, L; Cravero, J; Donado, C; Kellogg, M; Kim, J; Kurgansky, KE; Lobo, K; McCann, ME; Ortiz, R; Peake, RW; Peyton, J; Zurakowski, D, 2015)	0.62
" Secondary outcomes were pain scores from 24 to 72 h, intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption, time to onset of bowel movement and side effect profiles."	( Comparison of efficacy and safety of lateral-to-medial continuous transversus abdominis plane block with thoracic epidural analgesia in patients undergoing abdominal surgery: A randomised, open-label feasibility study. Brookes, J; Das Adhikary, S; Ganapathy, S; Sondekoppam, RV; Subramanian, L; Terlecki, M, 2015)	0.42
" Opioids remain the standard of care because of their analgesic efficacy; however, opioid use is often associated with adverse effects and poor patient outcomes."	( The safety of liposome bupivacaine 2 years post-launch: a look back and a look forward. Viscusi, ER, 2015)	0.73
" No adverse events were reported."	( Single Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block is Safe and Effective for Emergency Pain Relief in Hip-fracture Patients. Dijksman, LM; Groot, L; Rebel, JR; Simons, MP; Zwartsenburg, MM, 2015)	0.42
"In a busy Dutch ED with rotating residents of varying levels of experience, FICB seems to be an efficient, safe and practical method for pain reduction in patients with a hip fracture."	( Single Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block is Safe and Effective for Emergency Pain Relief in Hip-fracture Patients. Dijksman, LM; Groot, L; Rebel, JR; Simons, MP; Zwartsenburg, MM, 2015)	0.42
" However, adverse side effects of opioids include respiratory depression, urinary retention, pruritus, vomiting, nausea, constipation, and increased risk of falls."	( Reducing Opioid Adverse Events: A Safe Way to Improve Outcomes. McCarus, SD; Redan, JA; Reeder, S; Wells, T, 2016)	0.43
" Adverse opioid events measured included constipation, pruritus, vomiting, nausea, urinary retention, respiratory depression and fall risk."	( Reducing Opioid Adverse Events: A Safe Way to Improve Outcomes. McCarus, SD; Redan, JA; Reeder, S; Wells, T, 2016)	0.43
" No serious adverse events occurred."	( Efficacy and safety of a single occipital nerve blockade in episodic and chronic cluster headache: A prospective observational study. Abbas, H; Diener, HC; Dresler, T; Gaul, C; Görlinger, K; Roguski, J; Totzeck, A; Weber, R, 2017)	0.46
" No systemic adverse events were reported."	( Efficacy and safety of bupivacaine versus lidocaine in local anesthesia of the nasopharynx: A meta-analysis. He, Z; Huang, L; Wang, J; Yu, X, 2016)	0.74
" The aim of this study was to characterize levobupivacaine absorption pharmacokinetics, with and without epinephrine, and estimate the risk of LAST, based on a previously reported toxic threshold."	( Levobupivacaine absorption pharmacokinetics with and without epinephrine during TAP block: analysis of doses based on the associated risk of local anaesthetic toxicity. Altermatt, FR; Araneda, A; Cortínez, LI; Corvetto, MA; Echevarría, GC; Miranda, P, 2016)	1.25
" There was no statistically significant difference among the various groups with respect to adverse reactions."	( Analgesic effect and safety of single-dose intra-articular magnesium after arthroscopic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gao, SG; Lei, GH; Li, LJ; Li, YS; Luo, W; Wei, J; Xiao, WF; Xie, DX; Xie, X; Xiong, YL; Zeng, C, 2016)	0.43
" Secondary outcomes included block quality, maternal adverse effects, uterine contraction patterns, and fetal outcomes analyzed by using the χ test with Yates continuity correction."	( Dural Puncture Epidural Technique Improves Labor Analgesia Quality With Fewer Side Effects Compared With Epidural and Combined Spinal Epidural Techniques: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Bibbo, C; Cappiello, EC; Chau, A; Elterman, KG; Huang, CC; Robinson, JN; Tsen, LC, 2017)	0.46
" Our study shows LRSB is effective and safe for laparoscopic abdominal surgery."	( Laparoscopic-assisted Rectus Sheath Block as a Novel Technique is Effective and Safe: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ebihara, Y; Hirano, S; Kurashima, Y; Miyazaki, D; Murakami, S; Nakamura, T; Noji, T; Okamura, K; Shichinohe, T; Tsuchikawa, T, 2017)	0.46
" Rats were inspected for durations of effective sensory and motor nerve blocks, systemic adverse effects, and histological changes of local tissues."	( The quaternary lidocaine derivative QX-314 in combination with bupivacaine for long-lasting nerve block: Efficacy, toxicity, and the optimal formulation in rats. Li, J; Liu, J; Lv, R; Ma, L; Yang, X; Yin, Q; Zhang, W; Zheng, Q; Zhu, T, 2017)	0.69
"Adverse Event Reporting System database of FDA, which houses public and industry submitted adverse event case reports, was queried and analyzed to quantify the passive pharmacovigilance signal for Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity as associated with use of bupivacaine Liposome."	( Local anesthetics systemic toxicity association with exparel (bupivacaine liposome)- a pharmacovigilance evaluation. Aggarwal, N, 2018)	0.9
"In this exploratory study, the pre-peritoneal bolus using bupivacaine resulted in serum bupivacaine concentrations well below the commonly accepted toxic threshold."	( Serum levels of bupivacaine after pre-peritoneal bolus vs. epidural bolus injection for analgesia in abdominal surgery: A safety study within a randomized controlled trial. Besselink, MG; Geerts, BF; Lirk, P; Mungroop, TH; van Dieren, S; van Samkar, G; Veelo, DP, 2017)	1.05
" Patients were monitored for adverse events related to anesthetic toxicity (cardiac and neurologic)."	( Systemic Safety of Liposomal Bupivacaine in Simultaneous Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty. Mason, JB; Odum, SM; Springer, BD, 2018)	0.77
"The use of full-dose PAI with liposomal bupivacaine placed into each knee during simultaneous bTKA is safe with systemic bupivacaine levels well below reported cardiac and neurotoxic levels."	( Systemic Safety of Liposomal Bupivacaine in Simultaneous Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty. Mason, JB; Odum, SM; Springer, BD, 2018)	1.04
" Understanding the underlying mechanism of action of this safe source of calories may assist in the development of novel organ protective agents."	( Lipid Emulsion, More Than Reversing Bupivacaine Cardiotoxicity: Potential Organ Protection. Atala, A; Motayagheni, N; Nozari, A; Phan, S, 2017)	0.73
" In any subsequent research, further studies should focus on the optimal dose of local anesthetics and the potential adverse side effects."	( The efficiency and safety of local liposomal bupivacaine infiltration for pain control in total hip arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Yang, Q; Zhang, X; Zhang, Z, 2017)	0.71
" All adverse events during the hospital stay were recorded."	( A prospective, randomized, open label, controlled study investigating the efficiency and safety of 3 different methods of rectus sheath block analgesia following midline laparotomy. Anttila, M; Eskelinen, M; Hautajärvi, H; Kinnunen, M; Kokki, H; Kokki, M; Lehtonen, M; Purdy, M, 2018)	0.48
" No serious or unexpected adverse events were reported."	( A prospective, randomized, open label, controlled study investigating the efficiency and safety of 3 different methods of rectus sheath block analgesia following midline laparotomy. Anttila, M; Eskelinen, M; Hautajärvi, H; Kinnunen, M; Kokki, H; Kokki, M; Lehtonen, M; Purdy, M, 2018)	0.48
" No mixture related adverse events (nausea, vomiting, pruritus, sedation, respiratory depression) or those related to electrocardiographic parameters (arrhythmias and asystole) were reported in any patients."	( The safety of a mixture of bupivacaine and lidocaine in children after urologic inguinal and scrotal surgery. Chung, JM; Lee, K; Lee, SD, 2018)	0.78
" An appropriate dose has no clinically significant hemodynamic or cardiac changes and adverse effects."	( The safety of a mixture of bupivacaine and lidocaine in children after urologic inguinal and scrotal surgery. Chung, JM; Lee, K; Lee, SD, 2018)	0.78
" Liposomal bupivacaine is a safe adjunct to the management of pain of patients undergoing pulmonary surgery."	( Intercostal Nerve Blocks With Liposomal Bupivacaine: Demonstration of Safety, and Potential Benefits. Antonoff, MB; Cata, JP; Correa, AM; Mehran, RJ; Rice, DC; Walsh, GL; Zalpour, A, 2017)	1.11
"Local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) is a rare but potentially serious adverse event ."	( A comparison of approaches to identify possible cases of local anesthetic systemic toxicity in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Dagenais, S; Joyce, AR; Scranton, R; Vick, CC, 2018)	0.48
"Data from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System were examined for liposomal bupivacaine (LB), bupivacaine, or other injectable local anesthetics."	( A comparison of approaches to identify possible cases of local anesthetic systemic toxicity in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Dagenais, S; Joyce, AR; Scranton, R; Vick, CC, 2018)	0.69
" The effects of local anaesthetics on equine chondrocytes are mixed with some studies reporting chondrodestruction and others no adverse effects."	( Plasma and synovial fluid concentrations and cartilage toxicity of bupivacaine following intra-articular administration of a liposomal formulation to horses. Hill, AE; Knych, HK; Mama, KR; McKEMIE, DS; Moore, CE, 2019)	0.75
" Most adverse events were mild or moderate, without evidence of bupivacaine toxicity or deleterious effects on wound healing."	( Safety and Efficacy of Bupivacaine HCl Collagen-Matrix Implant (INL-001) in Open Inguinal Hernia Repair: Results from Two Randomized Controlled Trials. Deck, K; Jones, N; Leiman, D; Minkowitz, HS; Niebler, G; Rider, P; Velanovich, V, 2019)	1.06
" Finally, the occurrence of adverse events, between BU and DEX + BU group, was not statistically significant (RR=0."	( The Efficacy and Safety of Dexmedetomidine Combined with Bupivacaine on Caudal Epidural Block in Children: A Meta-Analysis. Cui, J; Li, S; Tan, X; Tu, Z, 2019)	0.76
"Dexmedetomidine is a useful and safe drug in combination with lignocaine bupivacaine in peribulbar for vitreoretinal surgery as it maintains hemodynamic stability and provides sedation, which enables full cooperation and potentially better operating conditions."	( Evaluation of the effect and safety of dexmedetomidine as an additive to local anesthesia in peribulbar block for vitreoretinal surgery. Agarwal, M; Gautam, P; Gujral, GS; Shrivastav, A; Singh, S, 2019)	0.75
"1 ng·mL, remained far below theoretical toxic thresholds."	( Transversus Abdominal Plane Block in Children: Efficacy and Safety: A Randomized Clinical Study and Pharmacokinetic Profile. Bringuier, S; Capdevila, X; Dadure, C; Mathieu, O; Menacé, C; Raux, O; Saour, AC; Sola, C, 2019)	0.51
" Systemic toxicity with reflex on the central nervous and cardiovascular systems is their most feared adverse reactions, and the anaphylactic reaction is the most concerning one."	( Safety of local anesthetics. Cherobin, ACFP; Tavares, GT, )	0.13
"To evaluate: (1) pain relief efficacy; (2) opioid consumption; (3) length of stay (LOS); (4) discharge disposition (DD); and (5) safety and adverse effects of liposomal bupivacaine (LB) in pediatric patients who underwent spinal deformity correction."	( Liposomal Bupivacaine Is Both Safe and Effective in Controlling Postoperative Pain After Spinal Surgery in Children: A Controlled Cohort Study. Ballock, RT; Bena, J; Chughtai, M; Goodwin, RC; Gurd, DP; Hudson, B; Jin, Y; Khlopas, A; Kuivila, TE; Seif, J; Sultan, AA, 2020)	1.16
" Therefore, seeking a safe and effective postoperative analgesia is necessary for promoting the application of arthroscopic surgery."	( Comparative efficacy and safety of intra-articular analgesics after knee arthroscopy: a Bayesian network meta-analysis protocol. He, H; He, Y; Li, X; Wang, Y; Xie, DX, 2020)	0.56
" The most common adverse events (AEs) in both groups were associated with general anesthesia and the postsurgical setting."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of INL-001 (Bupivacaine HCl) Implants Compared with Bupivacaine HCl Infiltration After Open Unilateral Inguinal Hernioplasty. Leiman, D; Minkowitz, HS; Niebler, G, 2021)	0.89
"These findings demonstrate that INL-001 provides immediate and extended delivery of bupivacaine and is well tolerated in patients undergoing open inguinal hernioplasty with no adverse effect on wound healing."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of INL-001 (Bupivacaine HCl) Implants Compared with Bupivacaine HCl Infiltration After Open Unilateral Inguinal Hernioplasty. Leiman, D; Minkowitz, HS; Niebler, G, 2021)	1.11
" Any substances that can mitigate the toxic effects of BV are of great importance in surgical procedures and pain management."	( Hesperidin alleviates bupivacaine anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by regulating apoptosis and oxidative damage. Wang, T; Zhang, W; Zheng, L, 2021)	0.94
" These data support that LB is well tolerated and safe in individuals of Chinese descent."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of liposomal bupivacaine after local infiltration in healthy Chinese adults: a phase 1 study. Cheung, BM; Liu, Y; Ng, PY; Wang, NQ; Yang, J; Yu, V; Zhou, M, 2021)	0.89
"This study compared the effects of adductor canal blocks with those of a low concentration of popliteal-sciatic nerve block (SNB) and dexamethasone as an adjunctive technique for total knee arthroplasties (TKA) in patients susceptible to the adverse effects of NSAIDs."	( Adding a low-concentration sciatic nerve block to total knee arthroplasty in patients susceptible to the adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): a randomized controlled trial. Halilamien, P; Kerdchan, T; Poolsuppasit, S; Sirivanasandha, B; Sutthivaiyakit, K; Tangwiwat, S, 2021)	0.62
"A prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial was performed in 50 patients susceptible to the adverse effects of NSAIDs undergoing unilateral TKAs."	( Adding a low-concentration sciatic nerve block to total knee arthroplasty in patients susceptible to the adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): a randomized controlled trial. Halilamien, P; Kerdchan, T; Poolsuppasit, S; Sirivanasandha, B; Sutthivaiyakit, K; Tangwiwat, S, 2021)	0.62
"For patients susceptible to the adverse effects of NSAIDs, a low concentration of SNB and dexamethasone is an effective adjunctive technique for early postoperative pain control (especially on movement) following TKAs, without an increase in motor weakness."	( Adding a low-concentration sciatic nerve block to total knee arthroplasty in patients susceptible to the adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): a randomized controlled trial. Halilamien, P; Kerdchan, T; Poolsuppasit, S; Sirivanasandha, B; Sutthivaiyakit, K; Tangwiwat, S, 2021)	0.62
" The incidence of adverse effects was monitored."	( Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Spinal Oxycodone in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Preliminary Study. Adamski, M; Bienert, A; Kowalski, G; Leppert, W; Olczak, B; Szkutnik-Fiedler, D; Teżyk, A; Wieczorowska-Tobis, K, 2022)	0.72
" Regarding adverse effects, one patient had hypotension, one had bradycardia, and one had pruritus."	( Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Spinal Oxycodone in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Preliminary Study. Adamski, M; Bienert, A; Kowalski, G; Leppert, W; Olczak, B; Szkutnik-Fiedler, D; Teżyk, A; Wieczorowska-Tobis, K, 2022)	0.72
"Oxycodone in spinal block prolongs analgesia period, does not cause serious adverse effects and seems to be safe and effective opioid for patients undergoing THA."	( Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Spinal Oxycodone in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Preliminary Study. Adamski, M; Bienert, A; Kowalski, G; Leppert, W; Olczak, B; Szkutnik-Fiedler, D; Teżyk, A; Wieczorowska-Tobis, K, 2022)	0.72
" Intra-articular injection of local anaesthetics should be limited in the TMJ because of the potential toxic effects."	( Chondrotoxic effects of intra-articular injection of local anaesthetics in the rabbit temporomandibular joint. Ağyüz, G; Asan, CY; Asan, M; Canpolat, DG; Demirbas, AE; Karakükcü, Ç; Ülger, M; Yay, A, 2022)	0.72
" Yet, these drugs also have some adverse effects."	( [Systemic toxicity secondary to local anesthetic infiltration]. Dotor-García Soto, J; Eichau, S; Guerra-Hiraldo, JD; López-Ruiz, R; Ruiz-de Arcos, M; Sánchez-Fernández, F, 2022)	0.72
"Lipid emulsion (LE) has been used to treat children with cardiovascular collapse induced by toxic doses of nonlocal anesthetics with high lipid solubility."	( Lipid Emulsion Treatment for Drug Toxicity Caused by Nonlocal Anesthetic Drugs in Pediatric Patients: A Narrative Review. Kim, S; Lee, SH; Sohn, JT, 2023)	0.91
" The adverse effects of LE treatment in the reported cases were hypertriglyceridemia, mild pancreatitis, and elevated levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransaminases."	( Lipid Emulsion Treatment for Drug Toxicity Caused by Nonlocal Anesthetic Drugs in Pediatric Patients: A Narrative Review. Kim, S; Lee, SH; Sohn, JT, 2023)	0.91
"4 min, but exacerbating ropivacaine adverse effects (reduced survival by 13."	( Local Anesthetic Cardiac Toxicity Is Mediated by Cardiomyocyte Calcium Dynamics. Coles, JG; Estrada, M; Lonnqvist, PA; Maynes, JT; Plakhotnik, J; Zhang, L, 2022)	0.72
"4%) of severe itching in women, in group I such an adverse reaction was absent."	( SAFETY OF USING DURAL PUNCTURE EPIDURAL ANALGESIA AS A METHOD OF LABOR ANALGESIA. Loskutov, OA; Sulimenko, YM; Zhezher, AO, 2022)	0.72
" Based on these results, low concentrations of buprenorphine appear to be safe for intra-articular administration."	( Buprenorphine has a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect on equine chondrocytes in vitro. Castro-Cuellar, G; Cremer, J; Hampton, C; Leise, BS; Liu, CC; Queiroz-Williams, P, 2023)	0.91
" We hypothesized that the preoperative administration of a liposomal bupivacaine (LB) supraclavicular nerve block would be safe and effective in controlling postoperative pain."	( Safety and Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine Supraclavicular Nerve Blocks in Open Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures: A Perioperative Pain Management Protocol. Brown, CA; Ghanouni, A; Ghareeb, PA; Payne, SH; Williams, R, 2023)	1.43
"Liposomal bupivacaine supraclavicular nerve blocks are safe and effective in the treatment of postoperative pain after open reduction internal fixation of DRF."	( Safety and Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine Supraclavicular Nerve Blocks in Open Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures: A Perioperative Pain Management Protocol. Brown, CA; Ghanouni, A; Ghareeb, PA; Payne, SH; Williams, R, 2023)	1.59
" Prespecified key secondary outcomes included SPI48 and SPI72, percentage of opioid-free patients through 24, 48, and 72 hours, and adverse events, which were tested sequentially to control for multiplicity (ie, if the first variable failed to reach significance, no subsequent variables were declared statistically significant)."	( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a bupivacaine hydrochloride implant in patients undergoing abdominoplasty. Beaton, AC; Folkerth, S; Leiman, D; Minkowitz, HS; Niebler, G; Salazar, H; Singla, N; Skuban, N; Solanki, D; Vaughn, B, 2023)	1.13
" The only adverse event occurring in ≥5% of patients and for which proportion INL-001 >placebo was back pain (7."	( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a bupivacaine hydrochloride implant in patients undergoing abdominoplasty. Beaton, AC; Folkerth, S; Leiman, D; Minkowitz, HS; Niebler, G; Salazar, H; Singla, N; Skuban, N; Solanki, D; Vaughn, B, 2023)	1.13
" In short, the fat emulsion can reverse the toxic effects of Bupivacaine on rat hippocampal neurons by regulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway."	( Mechanism of Fat Emulsion-mediated PTEN-PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway on Neurotoxicity of Bupivacaine. Lu, C; Zhao, N, 2023)	1.37
"Local anaesthetic systemic toxicity is a life-threatening adverse event that may occur after administration of local anaesthetics through a variety of routes."	( Local anaesthetic systemic toxicity complicating intraoperative intercostal nerve blocks: What do clinicians need to know to prevent similar occurrence? Basta, MN, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Information derived from measurements of blood concentrations of local anaesthetics can be extended by the application of pharmacokinetic anaylsis."	( Pharmacology of local anaesthetic agents. Pharmacokinetics of local anaesthetic agents. Mather, LE; Tucker, GT, 1975)	0.25
"The influence of age on the systemic absorption and disposition of bupivacaine following epidural administration in 20 male patients (22 to 81 years) was examined using a stable isotope method to determine whether pharmacokinetics play a role in age-related pharmacodynamic changes seen with the drug."	( The effect of age on the systemic absorption, disposition and pharmacodynamics of bupivacaine after epidural administration. Burm, AG; Onkenhout, W; Spierdijk, J; van den Heuvel, RP; Veering, BT; Vletter, AA, 1992)	0.75
" The method is accurate, fast and sensitive and has been applied in a pharmacokinetic study of bupivacaine."	( The use of a packed column for the determination of bupivacaine in human plasma by gas chromatography: an application in a pharmacokinetic study of bupivacaine. Chan, K; Lau, OW; Wong, YC, 1992)	0.75
"The effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and trimetaphan (TMP) on the plasma concentrations and derived pharmacokinetic parameters of bupivacaine were studied in 14 women after its epidural administration."	( [Pharmacokinetics of epidurally administered bupivacaine during prostaglandin E1- or trimetaphan-induced hypotension]. Hamakawa, T; Sakimura, S; Takasaki, M; Takeshita, M, 1992)	0.75
" There was a very significant inverse correlation between the Cmax of bupivacaine and the weight of the patient (r = -0."	( Inverse correlation between the peak venous serum concentration of bupivacaine and the weight of the patient during interscalene brachial plexus block. Pihlajamäki, KK, 1991)	0.75
" However, the limiting dosages determined up to now do not take account of important pharmacokinetic and toxicological data: (1) The dependence of blood levels measured on the technique of regional anesthesia and (2) the raised toxicity of a local anesthetic solution containing adrenaline following inadvertent intravascular (intravenous) injection."	( [Dose limits for local anesthetics. Recommendations based on toxicologic and pharmacokinetic data]. Kaiser, H; Niesel, HC, 1991)	0.28
"All currently available aminoacylaniline local anaesthetics, except lignocaine, contain a chiral centre but are used as racemates, a fact usually ignored in pharmacokinetic studies."	( Cardiovascular effects and regional clearances of i.v. bupivacaine in sheep: enantiomeric analysis. Mather, LE; McLean, CF; Rutten, AJ, 1991)	0.53
"95 h-1] after the twelfth dose were significantly different from the Cmax (206 +/- 81 micrograms/L), tmax (1."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics after repeated intrapleural bupivacaine administration. Bigot, MC; Bricard, H; Debruyne, D; Gerard, JL; Moulin, MA; Tartiere, J, 1990)	0.53
"08) litre h-1 kg-1) was less and the mean elimination half-life (6."	( Pharmacokinetics of interpleural bupivacaine in patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Frost, M; Higbie, J; Ismail, Z; Mogg, GA; Triggs, EJ, 1990)	0.56
" The study aimed to provide pharmacokinetic data that are limited in these age groups, and to identify any adverse effects of intercostal nerve block in infancy."	( Pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine following intraoperative intercostal nerve block in neonates and in infants aged less than 6 months. Booker, PD; Bricker, SR; Telford, RJ, 1989)	0.6
" Similarly, the H2 receptor antagonists did not alter the plasma bupivacaine against time curves, half-life or bupivacaine clearance in the three groups studied."	( H2 antagonists and bupivacaine clearance. Brighouse, D; Morgan, B; O'Sullivan, GM; Reynolds, F; Smith, M, 1988)	0.84
" The absorption of lidocaine could be described by a single first order absorption process, characterized by a half-life of 71 +/- 17 min in five out of six patients."	( Pharmacokinetics of lidocaine and bupivacaine following subarachnoid administration in surgical patients: simultaneous investigation of absorption and disposition kinetics using stable isotopes. Breimer, DD; Burm, AG; Olthof, G; Spierdijk, J; Van Kleef, JW; Vermeulen, NP, 1988)	0.55
"The comparative pharmacokinetic properties of lidocaine, bupivacaine, etidocaine and mepivacaine were investigated in convulsing and non-convulsing dogs."	( Alterations in the pharmacokinetic properties of amide local anaesthetics following local anaesthetic induced convulsions. Arthur, GR; Covino, BG; Feldman, HS, 1988)	0.52
" After epidural injections (ropivacaine n = 6; bupivacaine n = 5), a dose-related increase in Cmax was observed with both drugs."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine and ropivacaine, a new amide local anesthetic. Arthur, GR; Covino, BG; Feldman, HS, 1988)	0.82
" The possibility of a pharmacokinetic interaction between the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine and the long-acting local anaesthetic agent bupivacaine was studied in seven healthy, non-smoking volunteers."	( Lack of effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine in healthy subjects. Jantunen, ME; Lindberg, RL; Pihlajamäki, KK, 1988)	0.72
" The time to peak concentration and the terminal half-life increased, whereas the total plasma clearance decreased with advancing age."	( Spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine. Effects of age on neural blockade and pharmacokinetics. Burm, AG; Spierdijk, J; Veering, BT, 1988)	0.55
"Blood concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of bupivacaine were measured after epidural injection in children aged from 1 to 7 years."	( Bupivacaine pharmacokinetics during epidural anaesthesia in children. Delleur, MM; Esteve, C; Montay, G; Murat, I; Saint-Maurice, C, 1988)	1.96
" The total plasma clearance of bupivacaine decreased and the terminal half-life increased with age."	( Epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine: effects of age on neural blockade and pharmacokinetics. Burm, AG; Hennis, PJ; Spierdijk, J; van Kleef, JW; Veering, BT, 1987)	0.86
" Age had no effect on time to peak concentration or the terminal half-life."	( Spinal anesthesia with glucose-free bupivacaine: effects of age on neural blockade and pharmacokinetics. Burm, AG; Hennis, PJ; Spierdijk, J; van Kleef, JW; Veering, BT, 1987)	0.55
" The pharmacokinetic behaviour of both agents was consistent with a 2-compartment open model and two parallel first-order absorption processes."	( Pharmacokinetics of lignocaine and bupivacaine in surgical patients following epidural administration. Simultaneous investigation of absorption and disposition kinetics using stable isotopes. Breimer, DD; Burm, AG; de Boer, AG; Spierdijk, J; van Kleef, JW; Vermeulen, NP, 1987)	0.55
"A pharmacokinetic evaluation of bupivacaine was carried out after intercostal nerve blocks performed on 28 occasions in 27 children varying in age from 3 months to 16 yr."	( Bupivacaine for intercostal nerve blocks in children: blood concentrations and pharmacokinetics. Arthur, GR; Covino, BG; Feldman, HS; Kopf, GS; Rothstein, P, 1986)	2
"Pretreatment of patients with diazepam has been reported to reduce the plasma half-life of epidurally administered bupivacaine."	( The influence of diazepam on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous and epidural bupivacaine in the rhesus monkey. Bridenbaugh, PO; Denson, DD; Stuebing, RC; Thompson, GA; Turner, PA, 1986)	0.71
" The peak concentration of lidocaine was detected within 30 minutes."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of local analgesia for laparoscopic tubal ligations. Hulka, JF; Mueller, RA; Ostheimer, GW; Spielman, FJ, 1983)	0.27
"Results of previous studies have shown a 5-10 fold range in the clearance total and half-life of bupivacaine."	( Continuous perineural infusions of bupivacaine for prolonged analgesia--a rapid two-point method for estimating individual pharmacokinetic parameters. Denson, DD; Finnsson, RA; Myers, JA; Raj, PP; Thompson, GA; Thurman, BH, 1984)	0.76
"The pharmacokinetic parameters for 50 patients undergoing continuous extravascular perineural bupivacaine infusions for the treatment of their chronic pain were studied."	( Continuous perineural infusion of bupivacaine for prolonged analgesia: pharmacokinetic considerations. Denson, DD; Finnsson, RA; Joyce, TH; Raj, PP; Ritschel, WA; Saldahna, F; Turner, JL, 1983)	0.76
" The present studies were performed to determine whether different study designs using different iv dosage regimens could influence the pharmacokinetic parameters determined for either bupivacaine enantiomer."	( Pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine enantiomers in sheep: influence of dosage regimen and study design. Mather, LE; Plummer, JL; Rutten, AJ, 1994)	0.8
"kg-1 of bupivacaine by the intrapleural route, and serial blood levels were taken to determine the pharmacokinetic profile in this group of babies."	( The pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine following interpleural nerve block in infants of very low birthweight. Bourchier, D; Weston, PJ, 1995)	1.03
"The clinical and pharmacokinetic properties of ropivacaine and bupivacaine, both 5 mg/mL, used in axillary plexus block were compared in 60 patients in this randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study."	( A clinical and pharmacokinetic comparison of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in axillary plexus block. Haavisto, ET; Hollmén, AI; Huha, TM; Jozwiak, HM; Korpi, KJ; Magnusson, AA; Nuutinen, LS; Vainionpää, VA, 1995)	0.77
"34 L/kg, resulting in a blood elimination half-life of 144 +/- 46 minutes."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of propofol given as a constant-rate infusion and in combination with epidural blockade. Hartvig, P; Nilsson, A; Persson, PM; Wessén, A, )	0.13
"We could not show any statistically significant influence of an epidural blockade on the pharmacokinetic parameters of propofol."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of propofol given as a constant-rate infusion and in combination with epidural blockade. Hartvig, P; Nilsson, A; Persson, PM; Wessén, A, )	0.13
" The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic properties of ropivacaine and bupivacaine after bilateral intercostal blockade."	( Pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine and bupivacaine for bilateral intercostal blockade in healthy male volunteers. Carpenter, RL; Emanuelsson, BM; Kopacz, DJ; Stephenson, CA; Thompson, GE, 1994)	0.78
" The terminal half-life (t1/2 beta) of ropivacaine (2."	( Pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine and bupivacaine for bilateral intercostal blockade in healthy male volunteers. Carpenter, RL; Emanuelsson, BM; Kopacz, DJ; Stephenson, CA; Thompson, GE, 1994)	0.56
" Following pharmacokinetic parameters of bupivacaine were determined: Cmax (maximal concentration), Tmax (time to reach maximum), AUC (area under curve), Cl (total plasma clearance), Vz (volume of distribution during the elimination phase), T1/2 (elimination half-life)."	( [Pharmacokinetics of epidural or intrathecal bupivacaine in elective cesarean section]. Collet, D; Debord, J; Feiss, P; Lachatre, G; Ledan, C; Vincelot, A, 1993)	0.81
" In an attempt to discriminate between a pharmacokinetic and a pharmacodynamic (or both) origin to these differences, we used an isolated rabbit heart model with constant coronary inflow to compare the myocardial uptake and disposition kinetics of lidocaine and bupivacaine."	( Myocardial uptake of bupivacaine: I. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lidocaine and bupivacaine in the isolated perfused rabbit heart. Boïco, O; Kantelip, JP; Mazoit, JX; Orhant, EE; Samii, K, 1993)	0.78
"The enantiomers of a racemic drug generally differ in their pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic properties."	( Myocardial uptake of bupivacaine: II. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of bupivacaine enantiomers in the isolated perfused rabbit heart. Boïco, O; Mazoit, JX; Samii, K, 1993)	0.6
"To evaluate intrapleural analgesia with bupivacaine following partial pulmonary resection and to determine pharmacokinetic parameters of bupivacaine with epinephrine."	( Interpleural analgesia with bupivacaine following thoracotomy: ineffective results of a controlled study and pharmacokinetics. Debaene, B; Elman, A; Magny-Metrot, C; Murciano, G, )	0.69
" Maximum peak concentration (C Max) and maximum time to reach the peak concentration (T Max) were assessed after the first and last injections."	( Interpleural analgesia with bupivacaine following thoracotomy: ineffective results of a controlled study and pharmacokinetics. Debaene, B; Elman, A; Magny-Metrot, C; Murciano, G, )	0.43
" Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and time to reach Cmax (Tmax) were obtained for all the patients except one who needed a supplementary injection and was excluded from the study."	( The role of hyaluronidase on lidocaine and bupivacaine pharmacokinetics after peribulbar blockade. Adenis, JP; Benrhaiem, M; Debord, J; Feiss, P; Lachatre, G; Lotfi, H; Nathan, N; Rigaud, G, 1996)	0.56
" Two pharmacodynamic models, based on the understanding of the physiology of the spread of local anesthetic in the spinal fluid, were evaluated to characterize the time course of analgesia in a specific patient."	( Population pharmacodynamic modeling and covariate detection for central neural blockade. Bruckert, H; Mandema, JW; Minto, CF; Schnider, TW, 1996)	0.29
" The concentration of bupivacaine in patients determined by this method agreed well with the values obtained from an alternative method, making the technique applicable for pharmacokinetic studies in humans."	( Direct injection of large volumes of plasma in a column-switching system for the analysis of local anaesthetics. II. Determination of bupivacaine in human plasma with an alkyldiol silica precolumn. Westerlund, D; Yu, Z, 1996)	0.81
"2 mg/kg; elimination half-life 113."	( The pharmacokinetics of epidural lidocaine and bupivacaine during cesarean section. Arney, TL; Downing, JW; Gonzalez, HF; Herman, NL; Johnson, HV; Johnson, RF, 1997)	0.55
" The method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study of lidocaine and bupivacaine during peribulbar anesthesia in ocular surgery."	( Simultaneous determination of lidocaine and bupivacaine in human plasma: application to pharmacokinetics. Ben Rhaiem, M; Debord, J; Dreyfuss, MF; Feiss, P; Lachâtre, G; Lotfi, H; Marquet, P, 1997)	0.79
" The relationship between V(d)beta and CL was such that the elimination half-life (T(1/2)beta) was not altered."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in nonpregnant and pregnant ewes. Arthur, GR; Finster, M; Lehning, EJ; Santos, AC, 1997)	0.55
" Arterial blood samples were drawn for serum drug concentration determinations and pharmacokinetic analysis."	( Comparative local anesthetic efficacy and pharmacokinetics of epidurally administered ropivacaine and bupivacaine in the sheep. Ask, AL; Doucette, AM; Dvoskin, S; Feldman, HS; Halldin, MH, )	0.35
" In the pharmacokinetic part of this study the objectives were to 1) determine the dose proportionality in the pharmacokinetics of epidural ropivacaine, and 2) compare the pharmacokinetics of 125 mg ropivacaine and 125 mg bupivacaine."	( Pharmacokinetics of three doses of epidural ropivacaine during hysterectomy and comparison with bupivacaine. Arlander, E; Callahan-Enright, SO; Chan, V; Finucane, BT; Friedlander, M; Milner, A; Muzyka, D; Sandler, AN; Taddio, A, 1998)	0.7
" Pharmacokinetic variables were derived from plasma concentration-time curve data."	( Pharmacokinetics of three doses of epidural ropivacaine during hysterectomy and comparison with bupivacaine. Arlander, E; Callahan-Enright, SO; Chan, V; Finucane, BT; Friedlander, M; Milner, A; Muzyka, D; Sandler, AN; Taddio, A, 1998)	0.52
" Apparent plasma clearance (CL) and the terminal half-life (t1/2) were similar in the three ropivacaine groups."	( Pharmacokinetics of three doses of epidural ropivacaine during hysterectomy and comparison with bupivacaine. Arlander, E; Callahan-Enright, SO; Chan, V; Finucane, BT; Friedlander, M; Milner, A; Muzyka, D; Sandler, AN; Taddio, A, 1998)	0.52
"Epidural ropivacaine displays dose-proportional pharmacokinetic behaviour for doses of 125 mg to 250 mg."	( Pharmacokinetics of three doses of epidural ropivacaine during hysterectomy and comparison with bupivacaine. Arlander, E; Callahan-Enright, SO; Chan, V; Finucane, BT; Friedlander, M; Milner, A; Muzyka, D; Sandler, AN; Taddio, A, 1998)	0.52
" The relevant pharmacokinetic differences include a lower lipid solubility, a slightly higher plasma clearance and shorter elimination half-life (t 1/2 beta) compared with racemic bupivacaine, with a similar degree of plasma protein binding."	( Recent advances in the pharmacokinetics of local anaesthetics. Long-acting amide enantiomers and continuous infusions. Schug, SA; Thomas, JM, 1999)	0.5
" Pharmacokinetic data were obtained from 22 subjects."	( Clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics of 1% ropivacaine and 0.75% bupivacaine in peribulbar anaesthesia for cataract surgery. Ala-Kokko, TI; Alahuhta, S; Huha, T; Salomäki, T, 1999)	0.54
"To determine pharmacokinetic variables and pharmacologic effects of the S(-) isomer of bupivacaine (S[-]-BPV) in dogs."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacologic effects of the S(-) isomer of bupivacaine after intravenous and epidural administration in dogs. Arboix, M; Cristòfol, C; Franquelo, C; Manubens, J; Toledo, A; Valladares, JE, 1999)	0.76
" Pharmacokinetic variables and pharmacologic effects were determined for each route of administration."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacologic effects of the S(-) isomer of bupivacaine after intravenous and epidural administration in dogs. Arboix, M; Cristòfol, C; Franquelo, C; Manubens, J; Toledo, A; Valladares, JE, 1999)	0.54
" administration, plasma concentration versus time curves were adjusted, using biexponential equations that indicated a rapid distribution phase followed by a slower elimination phase, with a mean +/- SD half-life of 33."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacologic effects of the S(-) isomer of bupivacaine after intravenous and epidural administration in dogs. Arboix, M; Cristòfol, C; Franquelo, C; Manubens, J; Toledo, A; Valladares, JE, 1999)	0.54
"05), while it had no significant effect on other pharmacokinetic variables of the enantiomers."	( Effect of itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine enantiomers in healthy volunteers. Neuvonen, PJ; Olkkola, KT; Palkama, VJ, 1999)	0.56
" Bupivacaine concentration was fitted to a one-compartment model to calculate basic pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine after continuous epidural infusion in infants with and without biliary atresia. Dubousset, AM; Goujard, E; Mazoit, JX; Meunier, JF; Samii, K, 2001)	1.54
" In the first step, pharmacokinetic characterization of 75 mg bupivacaine hydrochloride (B-HCl) (IV infusion and brachial plexus block) was performed (n = 12)."	( The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of bupivacaine-loaded microspheres on a brachial plexus block model in sheep. Cathelineau, G; Chevanne, F; Du Plessis, L; Ecoffey, C; Estebe, JP; Le Corre, P; Le Verge, R, 2001)	0.81
" Eleven patients with normal renal function and eight patients with ESRD underwent pharmacokinetic analysis."	( Levobupivacaine for axillary brachial plexus block: a pharmacokinetic and clinical comparison in patients with normal renal function or renal disease. Crews, JC; James, RL; Moss, J; Weller, RS, 2002)	0.87
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were not significantly different and there was no evidence of chiral inversion after dosing with S-bupivacaine."	( Comparative efficacy and pharmacokinetics of racemic bupivacaine and S-bupivacaine in third molar surgery. Fawcett, JP; Kennedy, JM; Kumar, A; Kumara, GM; Ledger, R; Patel, MJ; Zacharias, M, )	0.59
" Determination of local tissue pharmacokinetic variables of bupivacaine by microdialysis confirms that the prolonged duration of anesthesia is caused by the extended release characteristics of the microcapsules."	( A model to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variables of extended-release products using in vivo tissue microdialysis in humans: bupivacaine-loaded microcapsules. Allen, HW; Bernards, CM; Kopacz, DJ; Lacouture, PG; Landau, C; Nandy, P; Wu, D, 2003)	0.76
" The pharmacokinetic profiles of the two bupivacaine enantiomers differs and that of racemic bupivacaine may be age dependent."	( Pharmacokinetics of levobupivacaine 0.25% following caudal administration in children under 2 years of age. Austin, S; Chalkiadis, GA; Cranswick, N; Eyres, RL; Taylor, RH, 2004)	0.9
" Sampling in future pharmacokinetic studies in this age group should extend beyond 60 min."	( Pharmacokinetics of levobupivacaine 0.25% following caudal administration in children under 2 years of age. Austin, S; Chalkiadis, GA; Cranswick, N; Eyres, RL; Taylor, RH, 2004)	0.63
" The tmax and toxicity data were obtained from the literature."	( Lipophilicity affects the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of local anaesthetic agents administered by caudal block. Bello-Ramírez, AM; Nava-Ocampo, AA, )	0.13
" The elimination half-life of ropivacaine was significantly less than that of bupivacaine (5."	( [Clinical effects and pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine and bupivacaine for epidural analgesia during labor]. Barros Núñez, C; Cánovas Martínez, L; Castro Méndez, A; Gallardo, E; González González, D; López Piñeiro, S, 2004)	0.8
" The plasma concentration-time profile of bupivacaine was fitted to a two-compartment open model, and the estimated intercepts and slopes were used for calculation of standard pharmacokinetic parameters."	( The effect of hydroxyethylstarch infusion on bupivacaine pharmacokinetics in rats. Hoka, S; Kuczkowski, KM; Matsumoto, Y; Okutomi, T; Saito, M; Shimizu, M, 2006)	0.86
"Our results suggest that the increased volume of distribution during HES infusion could be counterbalanced by the increased total clearance, resulting in unchanged half-life or elimination rate constant of bupivacaine."	( The effect of hydroxyethylstarch infusion on bupivacaine pharmacokinetics in rats. Hoka, S; Kuczkowski, KM; Matsumoto, Y; Okutomi, T; Saito, M; Shimizu, M, 2006)	0.78
" The pharmacokinetic findings are compatible with a more rapid and extensive initial effect of IV morphine compared with IM."	( Serum and cerebrospinal fluid morphine pharmacokinetics after single doses of intravenous and intramuscular morphine after hip replacement surgery. Borchgrevink, PC; Dale, O; Klepstad, P; Nilsen, T; Thoner, J; Tveita, T, 2007)	0.34
" Resulting dialysate and plasma concentrations were used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters for ropivacaine and bupivacaine."	( Effect of epinephrine on epidural, intrathecal, and plasma pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in sheep. Chevanne, F; Dollo, G; Ecoffey, C; Estebe, JP; Le Corre, P; Malinovsky, JM; Ratajczak-Enselme, M; Rose, FX; Wodey, E, 2007)	0.77
" Plasma Cmax for bupivacaine was decreased."	( Effect of epinephrine on epidural, intrathecal, and plasma pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in sheep. Chevanne, F; Dollo, G; Ecoffey, C; Estebe, JP; Le Corre, P; Malinovsky, JM; Ratajczak-Enselme, M; Rose, FX; Wodey, E, 2007)	0.9
"We compared two pharmacodynamic models, one with and one without a plateau effect."	( Comparative pharmacodynamic modeling using bispectral and narcotrend-index with and without a pharmacodynamic plateau during sevoflurane anesthesia. Apfel, CC; Biedler, A; Bruhn, J; Grundmann, U; Kreuer, S; Larsen, R; Walter, E; Wilhelm, W, 2008)	0.35
" To evaluate the relationship between concentrations and electroencephalographic indices, two different pharmacodynamic models were applied: a conventional model based on a single sigmoidal curve, and a novel model based on two sigmoidal curves for BIS and NCT values with and without burst suppression."	( Comparative pharmacodynamic modeling using bispectral and narcotrend-index with and without a pharmacodynamic plateau during sevoflurane anesthesia. Apfel, CC; Biedler, A; Bruhn, J; Grundmann, U; Kreuer, S; Larsen, R; Walter, E; Wilhelm, W, 2008)	0.35
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."	( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)	0.35
"The highest Cmax reached in this study was close to the toxic threshold of adult patients."	( Pharmacokinetics of levobupivacaine (2.5 mg/kg) after caudal administration in children younger than 3 years. Cortínez, LI; Fuentes, R; Muñoz, HR; Ostermann, P; Solari, S; Vega, M, 2008)	0.65
"During orthopaedic surgery of the limb, we performed a prospective, double blind controlled study on three parallel groups in 30 patients to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effect of infiltration of the iliac crest bone graft harvest site with 20 ml of bupivacaine (100 mg), ropivacaine (150 mg) or saline as control group (n = 10 in each group)."	( Local anaesthetic use for the iliac crest-donor site: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations. Chevanne, F; Ecoffey, C; Eliat, C; Estebe, JP; Husson, JL; Le Corre, P; Le Naoures, A, 2009)	0.53
"The primary objective was to compare the serum pharmacokinetic profile of a single dose of extended-release epidural morphine (EREM) administered alone versus 15 to 60 mins after an analgesic epidural dose of bupivacaine."	( Extended-release epidural morphine (DepoDur) following epidural bupivacaine in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery: a randomized controlled pharmacokinetic study. Gambling, DR; Hughes, TL; Manvelian, GZ, )	0.56
" Median time to maximum serum concentration and median apparent terminal elimination half-life were also comparable."	( Extended-release epidural morphine (DepoDur) following epidural bupivacaine in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery: a randomized controlled pharmacokinetic study. Gambling, DR; Hughes, TL; Manvelian, GZ, )	0.37
"The pharmacokinetic and efficacy profiles of a single 15-mg dose of EREM were not significantly altered when administered 15, 30, or 60 mins after an analgesic epidural dose of bupivacaine."	( Extended-release epidural morphine (DepoDur) following epidural bupivacaine in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery: a randomized controlled pharmacokinetic study. Gambling, DR; Hughes, TL; Manvelian, GZ, )	0.56
"Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models were developed for design and optimization of liposome therapy for treatment of overdoses of tricyclic antidepressants and local anesthetics."	( A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for predicting the efficacy of drug overdose treatment with liposomes in man. Chauhan, A; Howell, BA, 2010)	0.36
" Tissue-to-plasma partition coefficients calculated from the total (protein-bound and unbound) and unbound concentrations in plasma and brain as well as pharmacokinetic parameters in plasma and cerebral extracellular fluid were compared among the three anesthetics."	( Pharmacokinetics of lidocaine, bupivacaine, and levobupivacaine in plasma and brain in awake rats. Asada, A; Hase, I; Ikeda, Y; Miyake, W; Nakamura, T; Oda, Y; Takahashi, R, 2010)	0.65
" The relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and creatinine clearance (CL(CR)) was assessed."	( Pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine in patients with chronic renal failure. Ekstrand, A; Henriksson, J; Honkanen, E; Pere, PJ; Rosenberg, PH; Salonen, M; Sjövall, J, 2011)	0.37
"One-compartment first-order pharmacokinetic models incorporating linear binding of ropivacaine and PPX to α(1)-acid glycoprotein were used."	( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of ropivacaine and its metabolite 2',6'-pipecoloxylidide from pooled data in neonates, infants, and children. Aarons, L; Henriksson, J; Molnár, V; Pitsiu, M; Sadler, B; Sjövall, J, 2011)	0.37
"All doses of liposome bupivacaine resulted in greater area under the curve and a longer time to observed maximum plasma concentration and terminal elimination half-life than bupivacaine HCl 50 mg."	( The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of liposome bupivacaine administered via a single epidural injection to healthy volunteers. Candiotti, KA; Ludbrook, GL; Morren, M; Onel, E; Viscusi, ER, )	0.69
" This article provides a summary of the pharmacokinetic profile of liposome bupivacaine compared with bupivacaine HCl based on data compiled from four randomized, active- and placebo-controlled trials that included pharmacokinetic assessments following single administrations of study drug."	( Pharmacokinetic profile of liposome bupivacaine injection following a single administration at the surgical site. Hadzic, A; Hu, D; Kramer, WG; Onel, E; Singla, N, 2013)	0.89
" In an effort to quantitatively probe the merits of a "sink" mechanism, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model has been developed that considers the binding action of plasma lipid."	( Validity of the lipid sink as a mechanism for the reversal of local anesthetic systemic toxicity: a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model study. Akpa, BS; Kuo, I, 2013)	0.39
"The model yielded quantitative agreement with available pharmacokinetic data."	( Validity of the lipid sink as a mechanism for the reversal of local anesthetic systemic toxicity: a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model study. Akpa, BS; Kuo, I, 2013)	0.39
" The toxicity model and treatment were the same as the pharmacokinetic portion."	( The effect of lipid emulsion on pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of bupivacaine in rats. Chen, C; Dong, X; Luo, M; Papadimos, TJ; Shi, K; Tang, W; Wang, Q; Wang, X; Wu, Y; Xia, Y; Xu, X; Zhang, Y, 2013)	0.62
"The primary aim of this study was to establish the population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of bupivacaine after combined lumbar plexus and sciatic nerve blocks and secondary aim is to assess the effect of patient's characteristics including age, body weight and sex on pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Population pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine in combined lumbar and sciatic nerve block. Boussofara, M; Eljebari, H; Gaies, E; Jebabli, N; Klouz, A; Lakhal, M; Salouage, I, )	0.64
"We assessed possible pharmacokinetic modifications due to different epidural injection techniques using either a needle or a catheter."	( Is the pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine equivalent after lumbar epidural administration through a needle or a catheter in male and female adults? Blanco, D; Casasín, T; Faura, A; Izquierdo, E; Lastra, CF; Mariño, EL; Modamio, P; Segarra, I, 2015)	0.71
" The safety profile of different drugs can be better estimated by comparing their pharmacokinetic profiles than by considering their objective side effects."	( A Comparison of Differences Between the Systemic Pharmacokinetics of Levobupivacaine and Ropivacaine During Continuous Epidural Infusion: A Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind Controlled Trial. Allegri, M; Braschi, A; Cusato, M; De Andrés, J; Fanelli, G; Ingelmo, P; Niebel, TL; Perotti, L; Regazzi, M; Riva, F; Somaini, M; Tinelli, C, 2015)	0.65
" The plasma concentrations of ropivacaine approached the Cmax significantly faster than those of levobupivacaine."	( A Comparison of Differences Between the Systemic Pharmacokinetics of Levobupivacaine and Ropivacaine During Continuous Epidural Infusion: A Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind Controlled Trial. Allegri, M; Braschi, A; Cusato, M; De Andrés, J; Fanelli, G; Ingelmo, P; Niebel, TL; Perotti, L; Regazzi, M; Riva, F; Somaini, M; Tinelli, C, 2015)	0.86
" Propofol was administered via an effect-site target-controlled infusion device using the Schnider pharmacokinetic model."	( Modelling of the Sedative Effects of Propofol in Patients undergoing Spinal Anaesthesia: A Pharmacodynamic Analysis. Choi, S; Ha, SH; Han, DW; Jeong, KH; Kim, Y; Roh, GU, 2016)	0.43
" There is, however, no pharmacokinetic data to support the currently recommended doses."	( Pharmacokinetics of levobupivacaine following infant spinal anesthesia. Bjorksten, A; Frawley, G; Hallett, B; Velkov, T, 2016)	0.74
"This was an open-label pharmacokinetic safety and tolerability study of levobupivacaine spinal anesthesia in infants <55 weeks Post Menstrual Age undergoing lower abdominal surgery."	( Pharmacokinetics of levobupivacaine following infant spinal anesthesia. Bjorksten, A; Frawley, G; Hallett, B; Velkov, T, 2016)	0.97
"LCT emulsions are more effective than LCT/MCT emulsions in the metabolism of bupivacaine through demonstration of a superior pharmacokinetic profile."	( The Effect of Lipid Emulsion on Pharmacokinetics of Bupivacaine in Rats: Long-Chain Triglyceride Versus Long- and Medium-Chain Triglyceride. Dong, J; Lin, S; Papadimos, TJ; Shi, K; Tang, W; Wang, Q; Wu, C; Xia, Y; Xu, X; Zhao, S, 2016)	0.91
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by data plotting followed by analysis with a noncompartmental model."	( Pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine after intraperitoneal administration to cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Beaudry, F; Benito, J; Lascelles, BD; Lavoie, AM; Monteiro, BP; Steagall, PV, 2016)	0.76
", half-life (t 1/2β ), was prolonged, and the elimination rate constants (K 12 and K 10) were significantly decreased (P < 0."	( Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Levobupivacaine Used for Epidural Anesthesia in Patients with Liver Dysfunction. Li, F; Ma, M; Ran, J; Wang, Y; Zhang, W, 2015)	0.68
" Peak concentration was decreased by 26 to 30% in the subjects receiving Intralipid®."	( Effect of Intralipid® on the Dose of Ropivacaine or Levobupivacaine Tolerated by Volunteers: A Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Study. Benhamou, D; Charbit, B; Dureau, P; Mazoit, JX; Nicolas, N, 2016)	0.68
" A pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using the NONMEM statistical programme."	( Levobupivacaine absorption pharmacokinetics with and without epinephrine during TAP block: analysis of doses based on the associated risk of local anaesthetic toxicity. Altermatt, FR; Araneda, A; Cortínez, LI; Corvetto, MA; Echevarría, GC; Miranda, P, 2016)	0.99
" Epinephrine prolonged the levobupivacaine absorption half-life {4."	( Levobupivacaine absorption pharmacokinetics with and without epinephrine during TAP block: analysis of doses based on the associated risk of local anaesthetic toxicity. Altermatt, FR; Araneda, A; Cortínez, LI; Corvetto, MA; Echevarría, GC; Miranda, P, 2016)	1.28
"This randomised, controlled, double-blind study investigated the effects of different doses of perineural dexmedetomidine on the pharmacodynamic profile of femoral nerve block in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery."	( The effects of perineural dexmedetomidine on the pharmacodynamic profile of femoral nerve block: a dose-finding randomised, controlled, double-blind study. Abdulatif, M; Fawzy, M; Hasanin, A; Mohamed, H; Nassar, H; Ollaek, M, 2016)	0.43
" This study aimed to assess bupivacaine pharmacokinetic parameters after ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane blocks following cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia."	( Pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine after bilateral ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block following cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. Bennasr, L; Charfi, R; Eljebari, H; Jebabli, N; Maghrebi, H; Marzouk, SB; Sassi, MB; Trabelsi, B; Trabelsi, S, 2017)	1.07
"The risk of systemic bupivacaine toxicity is a persistent problem, which makes its pharmacokinetic study fundamental for regional anesthesia safety."	( [Pharmacokinetic and clinical effects of two bupivacaine concentrations on axillary brachial plexus block]. Assunção, NA; Barreto, CN; Faria, B; Ferraro, LHC; Takeda, A, )	0.71
" Evidence to support any particular local anesthetic regimen as well as pharmacokinetic and systemic toxicity risks of TAP block remain insufficiently studied in children."	( Transversus Abdominal Plane Block in Children: Efficacy and Safety: A Randomized Clinical Study and Pharmacokinetic Profile. Bringuier, S; Capdevila, X; Dadure, C; Mathieu, O; Menacé, C; Raux, O; Saour, AC; Sola, C, 2019)	0.51
" Pharmacokinetic profile study of levobupivacaine was also performed."	( Transversus Abdominal Plane Block in Children: Efficacy and Safety: A Randomized Clinical Study and Pharmacokinetic Profile. Bringuier, S; Capdevila, X; Dadure, C; Mathieu, O; Menacé, C; Raux, O; Saour, AC; Sola, C, 2019)	0.78
" Bupivacaine administration by micropump nebulization resulted in a significantly lower Highest Plasma Drug Concentration (Cmax) and shorter time to reach Cmax (Tmax) (P < ."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Intraperitoneal Bupivacaine Using Manual Bolus Atomization Versus Micropump Nebulization and Morphine Requirements in Young Children. Houck, CS; Meier, PM; Munoz-San Julian, C; Nguyen, HT; Pereira, LM; Zurakowski, D, 2019)	1.68
" The pharmacokinetic properties of levobupivacaine are similar to that of bupivacaine; both extensively metabolised in the liver, and excreted in the urine and faeces."	( Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Levobupivacaine. Bampoe, S; Brunnen, D; Heppolette, CAA; Odor, PM, 2020)	1.08
" Median (interquartile range [IQR]) Tmax was 24 (12) hours (confidence interval [CI], 19."	( An Observational Study of the Pharmacokinetics of Surgeon-Performed Intercostal Nerve Blockade With Liposomal Bupivacaine for Posterior-Lateral Thoracotomy Analgesia. Alpert, SB; Blank, RS; Dobrzanski, TP; Durieux, ME; Manson, WC; Martin, LW; Ratcliffe, SJ; Schneider, EB, 2020)	0.77
" Here, we examine the pharmacokinetic (PK) and safety profile of INL-001 placement during unilateral open inguinal hernioplasty."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of INL-001 (Bupivacaine HCl) Implants Compared with Bupivacaine HCl Infiltration After Open Unilateral Inguinal Hernioplasty. Leiman, D; Minkowitz, HS; Niebler, G, 2021)	0.89
" However, pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and safety of LB in the Chinese population have not been assessed."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of liposomal bupivacaine after local infiltration in healthy Chinese adults: a phase 1 study. Cheung, BM; Liu, Y; Ng, PY; Wang, NQ; Yang, J; Yu, V; Zhou, M, 2021)	0.89
" This approach allowed us to simulate the cellular environment for a longer time and to compare our model with pharmacokinetic properties (time to onset and duration of action) of local anesthetics from the literature."	( Micro-pharmacokinetics of lidocaine and bupivacaine transfer across a myelinated nerve fiber. Kavčič, H; Mavri, J; Pregeljc, D; Smrkolj, V; Umek, N, 2023)	1.18

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The purpose of the study was to compare the duration of analgesia and the amount of supplemental postoperative analgesics required when morphine combined with bupivacaine was injected into the knee joint at the end of knee arthroscopy surgery."	( Effects of tourniquet time in knee arthroscopy patients receiving intraarticular morphine combined with bupivacaine. Klinken, C, 1995)	0.7
"A double-blind study was conducted to assess the efficacy and the safety of epidural clonidine combined with bupivacaine for analgesia during labor."	( Epidural clonidine combined with bupivacaine for analgesia in labor. Effects on mother and neonate. Bonnet, F; Brohon, E; Cigarini, I; Damas, F; Dutz, F; Hans, P; Kaba, A, )	0.62
"To investigate the pharmacokinetics of propofol in combination with epidural anesthesia or with intravenous (i."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of propofol given as a constant-rate infusion and in combination with epidural blockade. Hartvig, P; Nilsson, A; Persson, PM; Wessén, A, )	0.13
" In Group 1, a continuous infusion of propofol was combined with an epidural block with bupivacaine."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of propofol given as a constant-rate infusion and in combination with epidural blockade. Hartvig, P; Nilsson, A; Persson, PM; Wessén, A, )	0.35
" Nevertheless, the concentration-time profile changed during infusion, rendering the described infusion regimen, in combination with epidural anesthesia, unsatisfactory for adequate hypnosis."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of propofol given as a constant-rate infusion and in combination with epidural blockade. Hartvig, P; Nilsson, A; Persson, PM; Wessén, A, )	0.13
"5%) combined with epidural lidocaine (2%)."	( Low dose of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine combined with epidural lidocaine for cesarean section--a balance block technique. Cheng, YJ; Fan, SZ; Liu, CC; Susetio, L; Wang, YP, 1994)	0.57
"5 mg combined with adrenaline 25 micrograms and sufentanil 10 micrograms; group B received the same solution with clonidine 30 micrograms."	( Clonidine combined with sufentanil and bupivacaine with adrenaline for obstetric analgesia. De Kock, M; Le Polain, B; Scholtes, JL; Van Lierde, M, 1993)	0.56
"We have studied the use of clonidine combined with low doses of sufentanil and bupivacaine in 45 parturients requiring extradural analgesia for the first stage of labour, in a double-blind, randomized study."	( Extradural clonidine combined with sufentanil and 0.0625% bupivacaine for analgesia in labour. Boulétreau, P; Chassard, D; Dailler, F; Golfier, F; Mathon, L; Tournadre, JP, 1996)	0.77
" The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of epidural bupivacaine combined with morphine on extubation time, postoperative analgesia, respiration, and hemodynamics in patients undergoing esophagectomy."	( Administration of epidural bupivacaine combined with epidural morphine after esophageal surgery. Fujimori, M; Terai, T; Yukioka, H, 1997)	0.83
"Continuous administration of epidural bupivacaine combined with morphine resulted in good analgesia without any respiratory or hemodynamic depression in patients who had undergone esophagectomy, and early extubation is related to the efficacy of continuous epidural administration of bupivacaine."	( Administration of epidural bupivacaine combined with epidural morphine after esophageal surgery. Fujimori, M; Terai, T; Yukioka, H, 1997)	0.87
" Epidural clonidine infused at 20 microg/h improves analgesia during coughing when combined with epidural bupivacaine-fentanyl in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery but is associated with hemodynamic changes and increased vasopressor requirement."	( Postoperative epidural infusion: a randomized, double-blind, dose-finding trial of clonidine in combination with bupivacaine and fentanyl. Evans, SF; Lim, W; Orlikowski, CE; Paech, MJ; Pavy, TJ, 1997)	0.72
" combined with epidural bupivacaine at 0-24 h, or epidural morphine at 24-48 h after renal surgery."	( Effect of i.v. ketamine in combination with epidural bupivacaine or epidural morphine on postoperative pain and wound tenderness after renal surgery. Brennum, J; Dahl, JB; Hansen, TM; Ilkjaer, S; Nikolajsen, L; Wernberg, M, 1998)	0.86
"The efficacy and safety of postoperative analgesia with continuous epidural infusion of either morphine or fentanyl in combination with a low dose of bupivacaine were evaluated in 205 patients after upper abdominal surgery."	( [Postoperative epidural analgesia after upper abdominal surgery: the effects of low concentrations of bupivacaine combined with a low dose of opioid]. Kohno, K; Kosaka, Y; Shiihara, K, 1999)	0.72
"In this study, we evaluated the effect of two doses of intrathecal sufentanil combined with bupivacaine and epinephrine on the incidence of pruritus and on the duration and quality of analgesia."	( Two doses of intrathecal sufentanil (2.5 and 5 microg) combined with bupivacaine and epinephrine for labor analgesia. Dumont, L; Mardirosoff, C, 1999)	0.76
"We evaluated two different doses of intrathecal sufentanil combined with bupivacaine and epinephrine for labor analgesia."	( Two doses of intrathecal sufentanil (2.5 and 5 microg) combined with bupivacaine and epinephrine for labor analgesia. Dumont, L; Mardirosoff, C, 1999)	0.77
"75% in combination with general inhaled anesthesia without opioids."	( A comparison of the analgesic efficacy of 0.25% levobupivacaine combined with 0.005% morphine, 0.25% levobupivacaine alone, or 0.005% morphine alone for the management of postoperative pain in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Crews, JC; Denson, DD; Hord, AH; Schatzman, C, 1999)	0.55
"Pre-incisional epidural K+M+B treatment combined with continuous epidural anaesthesia and general anaesthesia provides an ideal pre-emptive analgesic therapy, exhibiting better postoperative pain relief than general anaesthesia and post-incisional K+M+B treatment."	( Pre-incisional epidural ketamine, morphine and bupivacaine combined with epidural and general anaesthesia provides pre-emptive analgesia for upper abdominal surgery. Ho, ST; Lee, MM; Tao, PL; Wong, CS; Wu, CT; Yeh, CC; Yu, JC, 2000)	0.56
" Its combination with the "3 in 1" block was tested for postoperative analgesia following major surgery of the knee."	( [Sciatic nerve block: an new lateral mediofemoral approach. The value of its combination with a "3 in 1" block for invasive surgery of the knee]. Blanche, E; Bodin, J; Gouin, F; Hauet, P; Naux, E; Petitfaux, F; Pham-Dang, C; Pinaud, M, 2000)	0.31
"After testing in four unembalmed corpses the new approach was applied to 42 ASA 1-2 patients, in combination with a continuous "3 in 1" block."	( [Sciatic nerve block: an new lateral mediofemoral approach. The value of its combination with a "3 in 1" block for invasive surgery of the knee]. Blanche, E; Bodin, J; Gouin, F; Hauet, P; Naux, E; Petitfaux, F; Pham-Dang, C; Pinaud, M, 2000)	0.31
" Its combination with the "3 in 1" block was evaluated with a visual analogue scale (VAS) scoring, for postoperative analgesia after total knee arthroplasty."	( [Sciatic nerve block: an new lateral mediofemoral approach. The value of its combination with a "3 in 1" block for invasive surgery of the knee]. Blanche, E; Bodin, J; Gouin, F; Hauet, P; Naux, E; Petitfaux, F; Pham-Dang, C; Pinaud, M, 2000)	0.31
" Combined with a continuous "3 in 1" block, it provides excellent analgesia during the early postoperative period after major surgery of the knee."	( [Sciatic nerve block: an new lateral mediofemoral approach. The value of its combination with a "3 in 1" block for invasive surgery of the knee]. Blanche, E; Bodin, J; Gouin, F; Hauet, P; Naux, E; Petitfaux, F; Pham-Dang, C; Pinaud, M, 2000)	0.31
" The purpose of this study was to compare three doses of sufentanil combined with low-dose bupivacaine, to determine the lowest appropriate dose."	( A comparison of three doses of sufentanil in combination with bupivacaine-adrenaline in continuous epidural analgesia during labour. Eriksson, SL; Frykholm, P; Olofsson, C; Stenlund, PM, 2000)	0.77
" Sixty adult patients underwent elective rotator cuff repair using interscalene brachial plexus block combined with general anesthesia and were randomly divided into one of the following three groups."	( Clonidine combined with a long acting local anesthetic does not prolong postoperative analgesia after brachial plexus block but does induce hemodynamic changes. Culebras, X; Gamulin, Z; Hoffmeyer, P; Van Gessel, E, 2001)	0.31
" These results indicate that IV-PCA of buprenorphine combined with continuous thoracic epidural infusion of bupivacaine is more effective analgesic management than continuous TEA with buprenorphine and bupivacaine."	( [Intravenous patient controlled analgesia combined with continuous thoracic epidural analgesia for post-thoracotomy pain]. Hirabayashi, Y; Satoh, M; Seo, N, 2000)	0.52
"We previously found that spinal clonidine prolongs labor analgesia when combined with spinal bupivacaine and sufentanil."	( Neostigmine combined with bupivacaine, clonidine, and sufentanil for spinal labor analgesia. D'Angelo, R; Dean, LS; Meister, GC; Nelson, KE, 2001)	0.83
"This study evaluates the efficacy and side effects of a low dose of epidural morphine combined with clonidine for postoperative pain relief after lumbar disc surgery."	( Epidural administration of low-dose morphine combined with clonidine for postoperative analgesia after lumbar disc surgery. Bonhomme, V; Brichant, JF; Dewandre, PY; Doll, A; Ghassempour, K; Hans, P, 2002)	0.31
" Local anaesthetic combined with wound cautery virtually abolished the cortisol response until at least 24 h after dehorning."	( Effect of local anaesthetic combined with wound cauterisation on the cortisol response to dehorning in calves. Bruce, RA; Gregory, NG; Mellor, DJ; Stafford, KJ; Sutherland, MA; Ward, RN, 2002)	0.31
" An opioid can be combined with local anaesthetic to reduce the incidence of side-effects and to improve analgesia for the relief of labour pain."	( Comparison of bupivacaine 0.2% and ropivacaine 0.2% combined with fentanyl for epidural analgesia during labour. Alkiş, N; Aşik, I; Göktuğ, A; Gülay, I; Uysalel, A, 2002)	0.68
"2% combined with fentanyl produced equivalent analgesia for pain relief during labour and delivery."	( Comparison of bupivacaine 0.2% and ropivacaine 0.2% combined with fentanyl for epidural analgesia during labour. Alkiş, N; Aşik, I; Göktuğ, A; Gülay, I; Uysalel, A, 2002)	0.68
" Few data are available concerning dose requirements of epidural ROPI when combined with morphine."	( A comparison of 0.1% and 0.2% ropivacaine and bupivacaine combined with morphine for postoperative patient-controlled epidural analgesia after major abdominal surgery. Joris, JL; Lahaye-Goffart, B; Lamy, ML; Ledoux, D; Senard, M; Toussaint, PJ, 2002)	0.57
" Therefore, intrathecal opioids combined with a low dose of epidural local anesthetics for Cesarean section is suitable for critically ill patients with malignant abdominal tumors, such as a Krukenberg tumor, complicated by massive ascites."	( Intrathecal fentanyl/meperidine combined with low-dose epidural bupivacaine for Cesarean section in a patient with advanced Krukenberg tumors. Amano, K; Hoka, S; Hoshino, Y; Okamoto, H; Okutomi, T, 2002)	0.55
"Spinal anesthesia with supplemental epidural clonidine in combination with incision site subcutaneous bupivacaine was evaluated both intra- and postoperatively and compared with spinal anesthesia alone for lower lumbar spine procedures."	( The effect of spinal bupivacaine in combination with either epidural clonidine and/or 0.5% bupivacaine administered at the incision site on postoperative outcome in patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy. Abodeely, A; Fluder, EM; Jellish, WS; Shea, J, 2003)	0.85
" We randomized 45 patients to 3 groups receiving intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine 6 mg combined with saline (Group B), clonidine 15 micro g (Group BC15), or clonidine 30 micro g (Group BC30); all solutions were diluted with saline to 3 mL."	( Clonidine combined with small-dose bupivacaine during spinal anesthesia for inguinal herniorrhaphy: a randomized double-blinded study. Axelsson, K; Dobrydnjov, I; Gupta, A; Holmström, B; Klockhoff, H; Matthiesen, P; Thörn, SE, 2003)	0.83
"We investigated the duration of labor analgesia produced by a small dose of spinal bupivacaine/fentanyl alone or in combination with a small dose of morphine."	( Small dose bupivacaine-fentanyl spinal analgesia combined with morphine for labor. Hess, PE; Pratt, SD; Snowman, C; Vasudevan, A, 2003)	0.93
"We designed this double-blinded, randomized, controlled study to evaluate the effect of small-dose ketamine IV in combination with epidural morphine and bupivacaine on postoperative pain after renal surgery."	( Intraoperative intravenous ketamine in combination with epidural analgesia: postoperative analgesia after renal surgery. Karaman, H; Kararmaz, A; Kaya, S; Ozyilmaz, MA; Turhanoglu, S, 2003)	0.52
" We demonstrated that IV ketamine had an improved analgesic or opioid-sparing effect when it was combined with epidural bupivacaine and morphine after renal surgery."	( Intraoperative intravenous ketamine in combination with epidural analgesia: postoperative analgesia after renal surgery. Karaman, H; Kararmaz, A; Kaya, S; Ozyilmaz, MA; Turhanoglu, S, 2003)	0.53
" We conclude that spinal mechanisms contribute to the analgesia produced by epidural sufentanil in combination with a local anesthetic."	( Spinal mechanisms contribute to analgesia produced by epidural sufentanil combined with bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia. Deleuse, JJ; Jacob, EA; Joris, JL; Kaba, A; Lamy, ML; Sessler, DI, 2003)	0.54
"When combined with epidural bupivacaine, the sufentanil requirement was 50% less when given epidurally than IV."	( Spinal mechanisms contribute to analgesia produced by epidural sufentanil combined with bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia. Deleuse, JJ; Jacob, EA; Joris, JL; Kaba, A; Lamy, ML; Sessler, DI, 2003)	0.84
"The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of intrathecal bupivacaine combined with opioids for treatment of pain of spinal origin when opioids alone were inadequate."	( Clinical experience with intrathecal bupivacaine in combination with opioid for the treatment of chronic pain related to failed back surgery syndrome and metastatic cancer pain of the spine. Caraway, DL; Deer, TR; Dempsey, CD; Kim, CK; McNeil, KF; Stewart, CD, )	0.63
"Bupivacaine, when used in combination with opioids, is a helpful and safe method of treatment in a select population of patients who have not responded to intrathecal opioids alone."	( Clinical experience with intrathecal bupivacaine in combination with opioid for the treatment of chronic pain related to failed back surgery syndrome and metastatic cancer pain of the spine. Caraway, DL; Deer, TR; Dempsey, CD; Kim, CK; McNeil, KF; Stewart, CD, )	1.85
" In this study, we compared the efficacy, dose requirements, side effects, and motor block observed with epidural levobupivacaine and ropivacaine when given in combination with small-dose morphine for 60 h after major abdominal surgery."	( Epidural levobupivacaine 0.1% or ropivacaine 0.1% combined with morphine provides comparable analgesia after abdominal surgery. Geortay, MN; Honoré, PD; Jacquemin, MJ; Joris, JL; Kaba, A; Lamy, ML; Maquoi, LM; Senard, M, 2004)	0.9
"1%) of epidural levobupivacaine and ropivacaine combined with morphine (0."	( Epidural levobupivacaine 0.1% or ropivacaine 0.1% combined with morphine provides comparable analgesia after abdominal surgery. Geortay, MN; Honoré, PD; Jacquemin, MJ; Joris, JL; Kaba, A; Lamy, ML; Maquoi, LM; Senard, M, 2004)	1.02
"Only a relatively short immediate analgesic benefit could be demonstrated by a combination of IINB with spinal anaesthesia compared with IINB combined with general anaesthesia."	( Analgesia and discharge following preincisional ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block combined with general or spinal anaesthesia for inguinal herniorrhaphy. Permi, J; Rosenberg, PH; Toivonen, J, 2004)	0.32
"The efficiency of bilateral paravertebral blockade combined with general anaesthesia (active) vs."	( General anaesthesia combined with bilateral paravertebral blockade (T5-6) vs. general anaesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Lönnqvist, PA; Naja, MZ; Ziade, MF, 2004)	0.32
"The enantiomeric separation of a series of basic pharmaceuticals (beta-blockers, local anesthetics, sympathomimetics) has been investigated in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) systems using heptakis(2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-sulfo)-beta-cyclodextrin (HDMS-beta-CD) in combination with potassium camphorsulfonate (camphorSO3-)."	( Enantiomeric separation of basic compounds using heptakis(2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-sulfo)-beta-cyclodextrin in combination with potassium camphorsulfonate in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis: optimization by means of an experimental design. Chiap, P; Crommen, J; Dewé, W; Fillet, M; Hubert, P; Servais, AC, 2004)	0.32
"This study was conducted to compare the effects of intravenous fentanyl and intravenous fentanyl combined with bupivacaine infiltration on the hemodynamic response to skull pin insertion."	( The effects of intravenous fentanyl and intravenous fentanyl combined with bupivacaine infiltration on the hemodynamic response to skull pin insertion. Akin, A; Boyaci, A; Dogru, K; Kotanoglu, MS; Madenoglu, H; Yildiz, K, 2005)	0.77
"A simple liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) device combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is presented for the simultaneous analysis of local anaesthetics, lidocaine, bupivacaine, and tetracaine, from human urine sample."	( Liquid-phase microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of local anaesthetics in human urine. Chen, B; Kang, S; Ma, M; Yao, S; Zhao, Q, 2006)	0.52
" We hypothesized that subtenon anesthesia performed before the start of surgery and combined with general intravenous anesthesia would reduce these adverse effects."	( Effects of subtenon anesthesia combined with general anesthesia on perioperative analgesic requirements in pediatric strabismus surgery. Calache, E; Dupeyron, JP; Franckhauser, J; Karcenty, A; Speeg-Schatz, C; Steib, A, )	0.13
"Intrathecal midazolam acts synergically with other anesthetics to relieve surgical pain, and the drug combination may decrease complications attributable to each component drug."	( Intrathecal midazolam combined with low-dose bupivacaine improves postoperative recovery in diabetic mellitus patients undergoing foot debridement. Hong, CC; Hung, CP; Lu, HF; Shiau, JM; Tseng, CC; Wu, YW, 2005)	0.59
"5 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine; group 2 (M+M) received 5 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine combined with 2 mg of midazolam intrathecally."	( Intrathecal midazolam combined with low-dose bupivacaine improves postoperative recovery in diabetic mellitus patients undergoing foot debridement. Hong, CC; Hung, CP; Lu, HF; Shiau, JM; Tseng, CC; Wu, YW, 2005)	0.92
"2 mL of different concentrations of the following drugs was injected sub-fascially: bupivacaine, lidocaine, and ephedrine alone and bupivacaine or lidocaine combined with ephedrine (n=8 per group)."	( Efficacy of lidocaine or bupivacaine combined with ephedrine in rat sciatic nerve block. Gerner, P; Greco, WR; Hung, YC; Kau, YC; Wang, GK; Zizza, AM; Zurakowski, D, )	0.66
"Ephedrine combined with bupivacaine interacted additively for both motor and sensory blockade, and ephedrine combined with lidocaine interacted antagonistically (sub-additive) for sensory blockade and additively for motor blockade."	( Efficacy of lidocaine or bupivacaine combined with ephedrine in rat sciatic nerve block. Gerner, P; Greco, WR; Hung, YC; Kau, YC; Wang, GK; Zizza, AM; Zurakowski, D, )	0.74
"To investigate the effects, side-effects and security of bupivacaine, ropivacaine combined with fentanyl in postoperative continuous epidural analgesia."	( [Security evaluation of bupivacaine, ropivacaine combined with fentanyl in postoperative continuous epidural analgesia]. Huang, HQ; Huang, QQ; Su, MX; Wan, LJ; Wan, XH, 2006)	0.89
" The current trial describes the dose-response relation of levobupivacaine, ropivacaine, and bupivacaine, combined with sufentanil, when used for intrathecal labor analgesia."	( Determination of the full dose-response relation of intrathecal bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine, combined with sufentanil, for labor analgesia. Deprest, J; Dreelinck, R; Dubois, J; Kumar, A; Lewi, L; Van de Velde, M; Vandermeersch, E, 2007)	0.82
"This is the first dose-finding study specifically designed to estimate the ED95 of intrathecal bupivacaine combined with a fixed amount of fentanyl for analgesia in active labor."	( Determination of the ED95 for intrathecal plain bupivacaine combined with fentanyl in active labor. Carvalho, JC; Goldszmidt, E; Parkes, RK; Whitty, R, 2007)	0.81
"5% (10 mg) combined with either intrathecal fentanyl (10 and 20 microg), or sufentanil (5 microg) in terms of sensory and motor block characteristics."	( Comparison of intrathecal bupivacaine and levobupivacaine combined with opioids for Caesarean section. Bremerich, DH; Byhahn, C; Fetsch, N; Gogarten, W; Meininger, D; Zwissler, BC, 2007)	0.64
"5% combined with sufentanil 5 microg was the most appropriate anaesthetic regimen in parturients undergoing elective Caesarean delivery in spinal anaesthesia."	( Comparison of intrathecal bupivacaine and levobupivacaine combined with opioids for Caesarean section. Bremerich, DH; Byhahn, C; Fetsch, N; Gogarten, W; Meininger, D; Zwissler, BC, 2007)	0.64
"125%), all in combination with sufentanil 1 microg/mL with regard to postoperative pain relief and absence of motor block in a patient-controlled epidural analgesia setting."	( Postoperative epidural analgesia after total knee arthroplasty with sufentanil 1 microg/ml combined with ropivacaine 0.2%, ropivacaine 0.125%, or levobupivacaine 0.125%: a randomized, double-blind comparison. Dahan, A; Rose, L; Sitsen, E; Stienstra, R; van Alphen, W; van Poorten, F, )	0.33
"To investigate the clinical effects of epidural clonidine pretreatment in epidural patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) using sufentanil combined with levobupivacaine."	( [Effects of epidural clonidine pretreatment in epidural patient-controlled analgesia using sufentanil combined with levobupivacaine]. Ruan, XC; She, SZ; Su, J; Xie, XQ; Xu, LX, 2008)	0.75
" 4 microg/ml combined with levobupivacaine 2 mg/ml was given for postoperative epidural patient-controlled analgesia."	( [Effects of epidural clonidine pretreatment in epidural patient-controlled analgesia using sufentanil combined with levobupivacaine]. Ruan, XC; She, SZ; Su, J; Xie, XQ; Xu, LX, 2008)	0.84
"Epidural clonidine 2-4 microg/kg pretreatment improves the clinical effects of epidural PCA using sufentanil combined with levobupivacaine."	( [Effects of epidural clonidine pretreatment in epidural patient-controlled analgesia using sufentanil combined with levobupivacaine]. Ruan, XC; She, SZ; Su, J; Xie, XQ; Xu, LX, 2008)	0.76
"Spinal anesthesia combined with fentanyl sometimes induces sedation."	( [Specific gravity of bupivacaine with fentanyl influences bispectral index value during spinal anesthesia combined with fentanyl in patients undergoing cesarean section]. Kimoto, M; Murao, K; Nakamoto, M; Nakao, S; Shingu, K, 2009)	0.67
"5% bupivacaine combined with 1:200,000 epinephrine in the parasacral (PS) and infragluteal (IG) sciatic nerve block (SNB)."	( Comparison of the plasma levels of 50% enantiomeric excess (S75/R25) 0.5% bupivacaine combined with 1:200,000 epinephrine between the parasacral and infragluteal sciatic nerve blocks. Bussman, AR; da Conceição, DB; de Oliveira Filho, GR; Helayel, PE, )	0.98
"To evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative local anesthetic infiltration in combination with intravenous paracetamol infusion on postoperative pain management in patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)."	( Efficacy of levobupivacaine infiltration to nephrosthomy tract in combination with intravenous paracetamol on postoperative analgesia in percutaneous nephrolithotomy patients. Dogan, HS; Gokten, OE; Kilicarslan, H; Kordan, Y; Turker, G, 2011)	0.72
"Levobupivacaine infiltration through the nephrostomy tract in combination with intravenous paracetamol infusion was shown to be safe and efficacious as an analgesia method after PCNL."	( Efficacy of levobupivacaine infiltration to nephrosthomy tract in combination with intravenous paracetamol on postoperative analgesia in percutaneous nephrolithotomy patients. Dogan, HS; Gokten, OE; Kilicarslan, H; Kordan, Y; Turker, G, 2011)	1.27
"Our prospective, randomized, double-blind study aimed to detect the effect of intrathecal levobupivacaine combined with fentanyl or morphine on the postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing cesarean section."	( [Assessment of the effect of intrathecal levobupivacaine combined with fentanyl or morphine on postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing cesarean section]. Acar, P; Akyol, O; Ozyuvacı, E; Toprak, N; Vatansever, S, 2010)	0.84
" The aim of this study was to investigate the block characteristics, the clinical efficacy, surgeon and patient satisfaction, and hemodynamic effects of using different doses of intrathecal plain levobupivacaine combined with fentanyl."	( A randomized comparison of different doses of intrathecal levobupivacaine combined with fentanyl for elective cesarean section: prospective, double-blinded study. Firat, V; Gunusen, I; Karaman, S; Sargin, A, 2011)	0.8
"5) or 10 mg (group 10), all combined with fentanyl 25, 15 or 10 μg, respectively."	( A randomized comparison of different doses of intrathecal levobupivacaine combined with fentanyl for elective cesarean section: prospective, double-blinded study. Firat, V; Gunusen, I; Karaman, S; Sargin, A, 2011)	0.61
"5 mg combined with fentanyl 15 μg is suitable for combined spinal-epidural anesthesia in elective cesarean section."	( A randomized comparison of different doses of intrathecal levobupivacaine combined with fentanyl for elective cesarean section: prospective, double-blinded study. Firat, V; Gunusen, I; Karaman, S; Sargin, A, 2011)	0.61
" It was aimed to analyze the effectiveness and the side effects of bupivacaine alone and in combination with sufentanil in arthroscopic knee surgery during unilateral spinal anesthesia."	( Comparison of bupivacaine alone and in combination with sufentanil in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery. Akan, B; Albayrak, D; Aydın, F; Erdem, D; Gogus, N; Susleyen, C, 2011)	0.97
" We employed levobupivacaine for epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia using remifentanil and sevoflurane for thymectomy with thoracoscopy for generalized type of myasthenia gravis."	( [A case of anesthetic management using levobupivacaine in epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia for thymectomy with thoracoscopy for generalized type myasthenia gravis]. Fujino, Y; Fujita, T; Inoue, S; Maeda, K; Matsuyama, C; Ogawa, N; Ohuchi, M; Ozaki, Y; Saotome, T, 2012)	0.98
"In interscalene block combined with lidocaine, ropivacaine had slower onset of motor block and longer duration of both blocks than bupivacaine."	( Comparison of the motor and sensory block by ropivacaine and bupivacaine in combination with lidocaine in interscalene block. Nishiyama, T, 2012)	0.82
" It was evaluated the maternal effects and neonatal repercussions of sufentanil, morphine, and clonidine combined with hyperbaric bupivacaine for elective cesarean section."	( Spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. Use of hyperbaric bupivacaine (10mg) combined with different adjuvants. Braga, AA; Braga, FS; Frias, JA; Hirata, ES; Potério, GB; Torres, NA, )	0.58
" We aimed to determine the analgesic and adverse effects of intrathecal neostigmine combined with hyperbaric bupivacaine and fentanyl."	( Analgesic effect of intrathecal neostigmine combined with bupivacaine and fentanyl. Akinwale, MO; Akinyemi, OA; Sotunmbi, PT, 2012)	0.84
" Ephedrine in combination with either bupivacaine or lidocaine was then injected into the spinal catheters."	( Ephedrine shows synergistic motor blockade when combined with bupivacaine or lidocaine for spinal anesthesia in a rat model. Danninger, T; Djalali, AG; Fritsch, G; Gerner, P; Perez-Valdivieso, JR; Wang, JC; Zurakowski, D, 2013)	0.9
"Ephedrine combined with either bupivacaine or lidocaine acted synergistically to block motor function and has the potential to reduce the amount of local anesthetic needed for spinal block."	( Ephedrine shows synergistic motor blockade when combined with bupivacaine or lidocaine for spinal anesthesia in a rat model. Danninger, T; Djalali, AG; Fritsch, G; Gerner, P; Perez-Valdivieso, JR; Wang, JC; Zurakowski, D, 2013)	0.92
" This study was designed to compare the efficacy of intrathecal (IT) morphine alone, or in combination with bupivacaine and fentanyl, as part of a combined spinal-epidural (CSE) analgesia, in patients undergoing elective total gastrectomy."	( Comparison of analgesic effect of intrathecal morphine alone or in combination with bupivacaine and fentanyl in patients undergoing total gastrectomy: a prospective randomized, double blind clinical trial. Gerić, V; Ivanoviić, N; Karanikolas, M; Randjelović, T; Rasković, J; Slavković, Z; Stamenković, DM; Tomić, A; Veljović, M, 2013)	0.83
"To compare the postoperative analgesic characteristics and side effects of two different doses of intrathecal dexmedetomidine in combination with hyperbaric bupivacaine, and to evaluate the effects of these combinations on spinal anesthesia."	( The effects of 2 µg and 4 µg doses of dexmedetomidine in combination with intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine on spinal anesthesia and its postoperative analgesic characteristics. Belli, E; Yektaş, A, )	0.55
" The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to compare the efficacy and safety of bupivacaine with ropivacaine and levobupivacaine in combination with sufentanil (BUPI-, ROPI-, and LBUPI-SUF respectively) in epidural analgesia for labor."	( Efficacy and safety of local anesthetics bupivacaine, ropivacaine and levobupivacaine in combination with sufentanil in epidural anesthesia for labor and delivery: a meta-analysis. Fang, F; Lv, BS; Mi, WD; Wang, JH; Wang, W; Wang, XW; Wang, ZQ, 2014)	0.89
"The neurotoxicity of lidocaine was significantly increased when combined with ropivacaine."	( Intrathecal lidocaine neurotoxicity: combination with bupivacaine and ropivacaine and effect of nerve growth factor. Chen, W; Ding, X; Guo, Y; Zhao, G, 2014)	0.65
"Ropivacaine is not safe when intrathecally administered with lidocaine at the concentrations used in this study."	( Intrathecal lidocaine neurotoxicity: combination with bupivacaine and ropivacaine and effect of nerve growth factor. Chen, W; Ding, X; Guo, Y; Zhao, G, 2014)	0.65
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate comparatively, in women undergoing caesarean section under spinal anesthesia, the effectiveness of hyperbaric bupivacaine combined with 3 different adjuvants (fentanyl, clonidine, and dexmedtomidine) on quality of blockade and maternal and neonatal repercussions."	( A Randomised Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Intrathecal Bupivacaine Combined with Different Adjuvants (Fentanyl, Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine) in Caesarean Section. Huang, AJ; Li, AZ; Li, KZ; Li, Z; Qi, J; Shi, CX; Tian, M; Xin, DQ; Zhang, CY, 2015)	0.85
" In conclusion, BUPI-FEN combination exhibits significantly better tolerability at an approximate ratio of 6 FEN:1 SUF, albeit, both fentanyl and sufentanil in combination with bupivacaine provide similar analgesic properties via the epidural or intrathecal routes for labor pain relief."	( Bupivacaine in combination with fentanyl or sufentanil in epidural/intrathecal analgesia for labor: a meta-analysis. Gao, C; Li, B; Wang, H, 2015)	2.05
"In combination with fentanyl, bupivacaine and ropivacaine exhibit comparable efficacy and safety."	( Epidural analgesia with amide local anesthetics, bupivacaine, and ropivacaine in combination with fentanyl for labor pain relief: a meta-analysis. Fan, Y; Hu, C; Li, Y; Wang, H; Xu, H, 2015)	0.96
"In the current prospective, randomized study, we aimed to compare the effects of low dose selective spinal anesthesia with 5 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine and single-shot femoral nerve block combination with conventional dose selective spinal anesthesia in terms of intraoperative anesthesia characteristics, block recovery characteristics, and postoperative analgesic consumption."	( Comparison of low-dose spinal anesthesia and single-shot femoral block combination with conventional dose spinal anesthesia in outpatient arthroscopic meniscus repair. Akmese, R; Okten, FF; Ozkan, F; Turhan, KS, 2015)	0.62
"Because of lower desflurane consumption, a superior recovery profile, and a high degree of patient acceptance, general anaesthesia in combination with interscalene block may be preferred in arthroscopic shoulder surgery."	( Bispectral index-guided general anaesthesia in combination with interscalene block reduces desflurane consumption in arthroscopic shoulder surgery: a clinical comparison of bupivacaine versus levobupivacaine. Albayrak, T; Kanbak, O; Kesimci, E; Ozturk, L, 2015)	0.61
"The aim of the present study is to compare the success rate and complications of caudal epidural bupivacaine alone or in combination with intravenous (IV) midazolam and ketamine in awake infants undergoing lower abdominal surgery."	( The success rate and complications of awake caudal epidural bupivacaine alone or in combination with intravenous midazolam and ketamine in pre-term infants. Azarfarin, R; Mashhoori, M; Seyedhejazi, M; Shekhzadeh, D; Taghizadieh, N, )	0.59
" Drug-drug interactions were evaluated by isobolographic methods."	( Cutaneous synergistic analgesia of bupivacaine in combination with dopamine in rats. Chen, YW; Hung, CH; Tzeng, JI; Wang, JJ; Wang, JN, 2016)	0.71
"Use of SB combined with general anesthesia in patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery reduces postoperative analgesic requirements and complications such as intraoperative OCR and PONV."	( Subtenon block combined with general anesthesia for vitreoretinal surgery improves postoperative analgesia in adult: a randomized controlled trial. Abdelhalim, AA; Abouammoh, MA; Al-Zahrani, TA; Elzoughari, I; Mohamed, EA; Mustafa, M, 2016)	0.43
"Caudal anesthesia combined with dexmedetomidine sedation is an effective anesthetic technique for lower abdominal and extremity surgery in ex-preterm and full-term infants with severe comorbidities."	( Dexmedetomidine sedation combined with caudal anesthesia for lower abdominal and extremity surgery in ex-preterm and full-term infants. Goeters, C; Sauerland, C; Waurick, K, 2017)	0.46
" Hyperbaric bupivacaine 3 mg combined with 50 mcg of intradural morphine hydrochloride (BUP-MOR group) was compared with 5 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine (BUP group)."	( Intraspinal administration of morphine hydrochloride combined with low doses of bupivacaine in hemorrhoidectomy: a clinical randomized trial. de Abajo Iglesias, FJ; Rodríguez-Miguel, A; Ruiz-Castro, M; San José Santos, M, 2017)	1.06
"The quaternary lidocaine derivative (QX-314) in combination with bupivacaine can produce long-lasting nerve blocks in vivo, indicating potential clinical application."	( The quaternary lidocaine derivative QX-314 in combination with bupivacaine for long-lasting nerve block: Efficacy, toxicity, and the optimal formulation in rats. Li, J; Liu, J; Lv, R; Ma, L; Yang, X; Yin, Q; Zhang, W; Zheng, Q; Zhu, T, 2017)	0.93
"Local intraoperative infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine administered with standard bupivacaine for ankle fractures requiring Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) affords improved pain relief in the immediate postoperative period resulting in a reduction in Percocet ingestion, with resultant effects seen up to 2 days postoperatively."	( The Use of Liposomal Bupivacaine Administered With Standard Bupivacaine in Ankle Fractures Requiring Open Reduction Internal Fixation: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. Davidovitch, R; Driesman, A; Egol, K; Goch, A; Konda, S; Pean, C, 2017)	1.03
"Levosimendan combined with epinephrine may be superior to either drug alone for lipid-based resuscitation in a rat model of bupivacaine-induced cardiac arrest."	( Levosimendan combined with epinephrine improves rescue outcomes in a rat model of lipid-based resuscitation from bupivacaine-induced cardiac arrest. Cai, X; Chen, L; Li, M; Li, Z; Nan, F; Xu, X; Ye, Y, 2017)	0.87
"Parenteral parecoxib and single-shot SNB both significantly reduced morphine requirements when used in combination with femoral nerve blockade after TKA."	( Parenteral Parecoxib Provides a Similar Reduction in Opioid Requirement to Single-Shot Sciatic Nerve Block after Total Knee Arthroplasty when Combined with Continuous Femoral Nerve Block. Chalacheewa, T; Finlayson, RJ; Saipimpong, S; Tontisirin, N; Tran, D, 2017)	0.46
"BACKGROUND This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the analgesics effect and safety of dexmedetomidine (DEX) combined with bupivacaine (BU) on caudal epidural block."	( The Efficacy and Safety of Dexmedetomidine Combined with Bupivacaine on Caudal Epidural Block in Children: A Meta-Analysis. Cui, J; Li, S; Tan, X; Tu, Z, 2019)	0.96
"5% combined with recession of the antagonist rectus muscle to treat sensory strabismus in adult patients."	( Bupivacaine injection combined with recession of antagonist rectus muscle to treat sensory strabismus. Allemann, N; Hopker, LM; Modelli, R, 2019)	1.96
" For patients with esotropia (<25 PD), a single MR recession combined with bupivacaine in the LR can produce a successful motor alignment."	( Bupivacaine injection combined with recession of antagonist rectus muscle to treat sensory strabismus. Allemann, N; Hopker, LM; Modelli, R, 2019)	2.19
" An ultralow concentration of the local anesthetic agent bupivacaine reduced 5-HT-evoked intracellular Ca2+ release, and an ultralow concentration of the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil in combination with vitamin D3 reduced ATP-evoked intracellular Ca2+ release."	( Anti-inflammatory effects induced by ultralow concentrations of bupivacaine in combination with ultralow concentrations of sildenafil (Viagra) and vitamin D3 on inflammatory reactive brain astrocytes. Hansson, E; Skiöldebrand, E, 2019)	1
"The comparative efficacy of epidural bupivacaine alone and bupivacaine combined with magnesium sulfate in providing postoperative analgesia remains controversial."	( Comparative evaluation of epidural bupivacaine alone and bupivacaine combined with magnesium sulfate in providing postoperative analgesia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Fang, MD; Li, LQ; Lu, HL; Wang, C; Wang, LX; Xu, HY; Zhang, HZ, 2020)	1.11
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intrathecal morphine (ITM) in combination with bupivacaine as pre-emptive analgesia in patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion surgery."	( Intrathecal morphine in combination with bupivacaine as pre-emptive analgesia in posterior lumbar fusion surgery: a retrospective cohort study. Balain, B; Dheerendra, S; Ghodke, A; John, J; Kuiper, J; Munigangaiah, S; Ockendon, M; Trivedi, J; Trivedi, R, 2022)	1.2
"ITM in combination with bupivacaine results in a significantly decreased use of perioperative opioids."	( Intrathecal morphine in combination with bupivacaine as pre-emptive analgesia in posterior lumbar fusion surgery: a retrospective cohort study. Balain, B; Dheerendra, S; Ghodke, A; John, J; Kuiper, J; Munigangaiah, S; Ockendon, M; Trivedi, J; Trivedi, R, 2022)	1.29
" This open-label study (NCT03974932) evaluated the efficacy and safety of HTX-011 combined with an MMA regimen in patients undergoing TKA under spinal anesthesia."	( HTX-011 in Combination with Multimodal Analgesic Regimen Minimized Severe Pain and Opioid Use after Total Knee Arthroplasty in an Open-Label Study. Berkowitz, R; Hacker, S; Hu, J; Lee, GC; Rechter, A, 2023)	0.91
"Comparing bupivacaine's adjuvants in spinal anesthesia, we assessed the specific blocking characteristics and adverse effects of bupivacaine alone and in combination with dexmedetomidine or meperidine in spinal anesthesia during cesarean section."	( Analgesic Characteristics of Bupivacaine Alone and in Combination with Dexmedetomidine or Meperidine in Spinal Anesthesia during Cesarean Section: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial Study. Azemati, S; Jouybar, R; Naderi-Boldaji, V; Zarghami, A, 2022)	1.41
"To investigate the effect of intrathecal morphine, dexmedetomidine, or both in combination with bupivacaine on cellular immunity and cytokine production in cancer surgical patients."	( Immunosuppressive Effect of Intrathecal Morphine, Dexmedetomidine, or Both in Combination with Bupivacaine on Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Cancer Surgery. Abdelemam, RM; Elmasry, HM; Fares, KM; Kamal, SM; Mansour, S; Mohamed, SA, 2022)	1.16
"Intrathecal dexmedetomidine has the least immunosuppressive effect than morphine and morphine-dexmedetomidine, in combination with bupivacaine."	( Immunosuppressive Effect of Intrathecal Morphine, Dexmedetomidine, or Both in Combination with Bupivacaine on Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Cancer Surgery. Abdelemam, RM; Elmasry, HM; Fares, KM; Kamal, SM; Mansour, S; Mohamed, SA, 2022)	1.14
"Animal and other experimental studies have demonstrated increased block time and quality when α- and β-cyclodextrin drugs are combined with local anesthetics."	( Evaluation of the effects of bupivacaine combined with sugammadex on the duration of the nociceptive blockade in sciatic nerve blocks: a controlled, double-blind animal study. Darbaz, I; Deniz, A; Ergene, O; Kose, HC; Kose, SG; Tasargol, O; Tulgar, S; Zabitler, F, 2023)	1.2
"The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of traditional interscalene block (ISB) alone and ISB combined with superior truncus block (STB)-associated diaphragm paralysis evaluated by ultrasound, duration of analgesia, and rate of complication in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery."	( Retrospective evaluation of the effects of traditional interscalene block alone versus combined with superior truncus block-associated diaphragm paralysis during arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Emmez, G; Gunaydin, B; Gungor, I; Kanatli, U; Kaptan, AB, 2023)	0.91
"1 years; range, 18 to 80 years) who underwent arthroscopic shoulder surgery under ISB, either alone or combined with STB, were retrospectively analyzed."	( Retrospective evaluation of the effects of traditional interscalene block alone versus combined with superior truncus block-associated diaphragm paralysis during arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Emmez, G; Gunaydin, B; Gungor, I; Kanatli, U; Kaptan, AB, 2023)	0.91
"05 mg/cc morphine, administered with a basal infusion rate of 4 cc/h, a 2-cc bolus dose, and a 30-minute lockout time."	( Bupivacaine combined with morphine for patient-controlled epidural analgesia after thoracotomy: high volume and low concentration vs. low volume and high concentration. Baldemir, R; Cirik, MÖ; Kaybal, O; Küçük, O; Sazak, H; Tunç, M; Ülger, G, 2023)	2.35

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The effect of the pH of the solution on the rate of absorption into the blood stream of locally-injected adrenaline using an adrenaline solution mixed with either mepivacaine or bupivacaine was investigated."	( Adrenaline absorption: effect of pH in mepivacaine and bupivacaine solutions. A clinical study during halothane anesthesia. Hirakawa, M; Mori, K; Ueda, W, 1992)	0.72
"The rate of absorption of paracetamol following oral administration was used as an indirect measure of the rate of gastric emptying."	( Gastric emptying following caesarean section and the effect of epidural fentanyl. Geddes, SM; Logan, RW; Thorburn, J, 1991)	0.28
" This method has been successfully applied to bioavailability studies after Parkinane and Artane administration to humans."	( Quantitation of trihexyphenidyl from plasma using a mass-selective detector and electron-impact ionization. Brazier, JL; Desage, M; Lecompte, D; Rousseau-Tsangaris, M, 1991)	0.28
"51 h], and first-order absorption rate constant (ka) [5."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics after repeated intrapleural bupivacaine administration. Bigot, MC; Bricard, H; Debruyne, D; Gerard, JL; Moulin, MA; Tartiere, J, 1990)	0.53
" Clearance, volume of distribution, and rate of absorption were estimated from the blood concentration time data and were 43."	( Serum bupivacaine concentrations in term parturients following continuous epidural analgesia for labor and delivery. Denson, DD; Knapp, RM; Thompson, GA; Turner, P, 1984)	0.75
" The procedure was used in bioavailability studies of bupivacaine-loaded poly(D,L-lactide) (i."	( High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of bupivacaine in plasma samples for biopharmaceutical studies and application to seven other local anaesthetics. Chevanne, F; Le Corre, P; Le Guévello, P; Le Verge, R, 1993)	0.78
" dose of bupivacaine, C max, Vd, Cl and AUC were not significantly modified by flumazenil; even if T max was shown to be significantly shorter when flumazenil was associated, bupivacaine bioavailability did not seem to be modified and thus may not be involved in the explanation of previously reported increasing bupivacaine-induced mortality by flumazenil."	( Lack of bupivacaine kinetic changes induced by flumazenil in mice. Bruguerolle, B; Lorec, AM, 1993)	1.14
"The aim of this work was to study the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine (BUP) and lidocaine (LID) administered separately in rabbits using microdialysis with retrodialysis calibration."	( Cerebrospinal fluid bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine and lidocaine after intrathecal and epidural administrations in rabbits using microdialysis. Chevanne, F; Clement, R; Dollo, G; Le Corre, P; Le Verge, R; Malinovsky, JM, 1999)	0.76
"A decrease in the rate of gastric emptying can delay resumption of enteral feeding, alter bioavailability of orally administered drugs, and result in larger residual gastric volumes, increasing the risk of nausea and vomiting."	( Delayed postoperative gastric emptying following intrathecal morphine and intrathecal bupivacaine. Cooke, T; Duggan, F; Lydon, AM; Shorten, GD, 1999)	0.53
"The aim of the present study was to determine the intrathecal bioavailability of a mixture of lidocaine and bupivacaine in a rabbit model of spinal anesthesia by using the microdialysis technique."	( Spinal biopharmaceutics of bupivacaine and lidocaine by microdialysis after their simultaneous administration in rabbits. Chevanne, F; Clément, R; Dollo, G; Le Corre, P; Le Verge, R; Malinovsky, J, 2000)	0.82
" In both models, only systemic absorption rate of bupivacaine was decreased upon complexation, not the quantity absorbed."	( [Biopharmaceutics of local anesthetic-cyclodextrin complexes following loco-regional administration]. Chevanne, F; Dollo, G; Fréville, JC; Le Corre, P; Leverge, R, 2000)	0.56
" In conclusion, bupivacaine liposomes elevated the intensity and prolonged the duration of the local anaesthetic effect of bupivacaine, and suppressed the systemic absorption rate of encapsulated bupivacaine."	( Kinetic and dynamic studies of liposomal bupivacaine and bupivacaine solution after subcutaneous injection in rats. Li, SD; Sun, P; Yu, HY, 2002)	0.93
" The observed reduction in the absorption rate of bupivacaine into the systemic circulation for both viscous hyaluronic formulations after 6 mg of bupivacaine may explain the prolongation of spinal effects."	( Prolongation of epidural bupivacaine effects with hyaluronic acid in rabbits. Chevanne, F; Dollo, G; Le Corre, P; Le Verge, R; Malinovsky, JM; Péron, A; Pinaud, M, 2004)	0.88
"Design of water-soluble prodrugs may constitute a means to improve the oral bioavailability of drugs suffering from dissolution rate-limited absorption."	( Bioreversible quaternary N-acyloxymethyl derivatives of the tertiary amines bupivacaine and lidocaine--synthesis, aqueous solubility and stability in buffer, human plasma and simulated intestinal fluid. Buur, A; Larsen, C; Nielsen, AB, 2005)	0.56
" The rate of absorption of the local anesthetic depends on its mass and blood flow at the site of the injection."	( Comparison of the plasma levels of 50% enantiomeric excess (S75/R25) 0.5% bupivacaine combined with 1:200,000 epinephrine between the parasacral and infragluteal sciatic nerve blocks. Bussman, AR; da Conceição, DB; de Oliveira Filho, GR; Helayel, PE, )	0.36
"Oral bioavailability (F) is a product of fraction absorbed (Fa), fraction escaping gut-wall elimination (Fg), and fraction escaping hepatic elimination (Fh)."	( Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination. Chang, G; El-Kattan, A; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Rotter, C; Steyn, SJ; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV, 2010)	0.36
"05} and reduced its relative bioavailability (0."	( Levobupivacaine absorption pharmacokinetics with and without epinephrine during TAP block: analysis of doses based on the associated risk of local anaesthetic toxicity. Altermatt, FR; Araneda, A; Cortínez, LI; Corvetto, MA; Echevarría, GC; Miranda, P, 2016)	0.99
" The PK model suggested that relative bioavailability was two times higher in HNC patients with oral mucositis grade 1-2 and three times higher in HNC patients with oral mucositis grade 3-4 than in the healthy individuals."	( Absorption of Bupivacaine after Administration of a Lozenge as Topical Treatment for Pain from Oral Mucositis. Andersen, O; Jacobsen, J; Jensen, AB; Jensen, K; Kreilgaard, M; Kristensen, CA; Mogensen, S; Petersen, J; Sveinsdóttir, K; Sverrisdóttir, E; Treldal, C, 2017)	0.82

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"min-1 decreased the seizure dosage of etidocaine but had no effect on that of bupivacaine."	( Relation of etidocaine and bupivacaine toxicity to rate of infusion in rhesus monkeys. Embro, WJ; Malagodi, MH; Munson, ES, 1977)	0.78
" Since bupivacaine has certain potential disadvantages for the mother and the fetus, its dosage should be kept as low as possible."	( Blood bupivacaine levels in standard and segmental epidural blockade in obstetrics. Du T Zaaijman, J; Slabber, CF, 1979)	1.2
" The need for limiting the dosage of local anesthetic agents is stressed."	( [New aspects of field blocks and peripheral nerve blocks (author's transl)]. Schulte-Steinberg, O, 1977)	0.26
" The increase in dosage of the local anaesthetic did not increase the segmental spread and duration of analgesia."	( [The dose-effect-ratio of isobaric bupivacaine in spinal analgesia (author's transl)]. Nolte, H; Stark, P, 1979)	0.54
"The physical status of the patient (sex, age, weight, height, and underlying disease) has been thought to influence the dosage of local anesthetic drugs that can be injected without causing a systemic toxic reaction, but this belief is not supported by statistically significant data."	( Factors determining dosages of amide-type local anesthetic drugs. Balfour, RI; Bridenbaugh, LD; Horton, WG; Moore, DC; Thompson, GE, 1977)	0.26
" The fetal-maternal ratio of concentrations at delivery was higher than in previous studies, most probably due to the protein-binding characteristics of bupivacaine and the dosage used."	( Anesthesia for cesarean section IV: placental transfer and neonatal elimination of bupivacaine following epidural analgesia for elective cesarean section. Berlin, A; Karlsson, K; Kjellmer, I; Magno, R, 1976)	0.68
" A better understanding of quantitative aspects of the disposition and absorption of these drugs should assist the anaesthetist in deciding the optimal agent and dosage for regional block techniques."	( Pharmacology of local anaesthetic agents. Pharmacokinetics of local anaesthetic agents. Mather, LE; Tucker, GT, 1975)	0.25
" The dosage required to produce symptoms can be compared with other drugs."	( Evaluation of clinical tolerance of local anaesthetic agents. Scott, DB, 1975)	0.25
" A short pilot study was undertaken to determine the optimal dosage and concentration of bupivacaine."	( Intravenous regional analgesia using bupivacaine. Ware, RJ, 1975)	0.75
" Dose-response curves determined in nonpregnant ewes indicate that significant decreases in blood flow may occur at arterial blood concentrations encountered clinically."	( Effects of local anesthetic agents on the uterine vasculatures and myometrium. Anderson, SG; Greiss, FC; Still, JG, 1976)	0.26
" The dose-response curves of this tonic block of peak Na+ currents by (-)/(+) cocaine and (-)/(+) bupivacaine were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting that one LA isomer blocked one Na+ channel."	( Altered stereoselectivity of cocaine and bupivacaine isomers in normal and batrachotoxin-modified Na+ channels. Wang, GK; Wang, SY, 1992)	0.77
" The postoperative peridural dosage of 5 mg morphine (three times in 24 h) was very effective."	( [Continuous peridural anesthesia in abdominal surgery. An alternative for elderly patients]. Fuchs, C, 1992)	0.28
" In contrast, at the low dose of either local anesthetic, after the resolution of the transient motor weakness, these doses resulted in a significant leftward shift in the dose-response curves for intrathecal morphine on both the hot plate and paw pressure, as measured by the maximum observed peak effect and by the area under the time-effect curve."	( Interaction of intrathecal morphine with bupivacaine and lidocaine in the rat. Penning, JP; Yaksh, TL, 1992)	0.55
"The present study defined the dose-response relationship of intrathecally injected bupivacaine in rats."	( The dose-response and time-effect relationships of intrathecal bupivacaine in rats. The influence of epinephrine and pH. Bakker, H; Booij, L; Dirksen, R; Gielen, M; Lerou, J; Nijhuis, G; van Luijtelaar, E, 1992)	0.75
" Although the propofol dosage requirements to maintain comparable levels of sedation were similar in both groups, midazolam decreased patients' recall of intraoperative events (e."	( Midazolam in combination with propofol for sedation during local anesthesia. Ghouri, AF; Taylor, E; White, PF, )	0.13
"With regard to the inhibition of contractility, dose-response curves of ryanodine and nickel were produced, and in these curves ID50 values were 10(-6) M and 2 x 10(-3) M, respectively."	( [The effect of local anesthetics on the isolated human right atrial appendages--Part 2: Bupivacaine is different from lidocaine concerning the mechanism of inhibition of contractility]. Itoh, H; Minakuchi, C, 1991)	0.5
" The test dosage and the aspiration test are discussed."	( [Toxic reaction to bupivacaine]. Lindholm, P, 1991)	0.61
" In order to maintain sufficient analgesia, we had to increase the dosage from 19."	( [The effect of continuous thoracic peridural anesthesia on the pulmonary function of patients undergoing colon surgery. Results of a randomized study of 116 patients]. Bredtmann, RD; Herden, HN; Kniesel, B; Teichmann, W, 1991)	0.28
" The efficacy of the treatment was estimated from: 1) daily dosage (intraspinal and total opiates, and intraspinal bupivacaine), and 2) scores of non-opiate analgesic and sedative consumption, gait and daily activities, and amount and pattern of sleep."	( Long-term intrathecal morphine and bupivacaine in "refractory" cancer pain. I. Results from the first series of 52 patients. Appelgren, L; Curelaru, I; Einarsson, S; Hultman, E; Linder, LE; Nitescu, P; Sjöberg, M, 1991)	0.77
" Among the patients receiving the bolus injections, morphine was required 62 +/- 15 (SEM) times over the 24-h study period with total morphine dosage averaging 30 +/- 15 mg."	( Continuous infusion of interpleural bupivacaine maintains effective analgesia after cholecystectomy. Citron, GM; Kirz, LI; Laurito, CE; Pelligrino, DA; Riegler, FX; Segil, LJ; VadeBoncouer, TR, 1991)	0.56
" The use of IT morphine significantly reduced the dosage requirement of epidural bupivacaine."	( Intrathecal morphine 0.2 mg versus epidural bupivacaine 0.125% or their combination: effects on parturients. Abouleish, E; Lorenz, T; Rashad, MN; Rawal, N; Shaw, J, 1991)	0.77
" Two minutes after dosing and for 15 minutes thereafter, no changes were observed in maternal heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) or arterial blood gas values and catecholamine concentrations other than a statistically significant doubling in epi levels after epi dosing."	( Effects of intravenous test dose epinephrine on fetal sheep during acute fetal stress and acidosis. Amini, S; Cohen, I; Herman, M; Hoyt, M; Veille, JC; Youngstrom, P, )	0.13
" The following results were obtained 1) In the 24 hour period following childbirth, NACS tended to be low in relation to the total dosage of bupivacaine administered to the mother."	( [Neurobehavior and mental development of newborn infants delivered under epidural analgesia with bupivacaine]. Chihara, H; Ishikawa, H; Ishikawa, J; Kamatsuki, H; Kometani, K; Morikawa, S; Nagata, T; Shinzato, Y; Watanabe, A, 1990)	0.7
"25% bupivacaine, administered within fixed dosing intervals of 60-90 minutes, there was an increasing spread of sensory block toward sacral dermatomes while the upper level of sensory block did not change."	( Sacralization of epidural block with repeated doses of 0.25% bupivacaine during labor. Ewing, DA; Smith, MH; Tierney, E; Yarnell, RW, )	0.93
" A reduction in the bupivacaine dosage when the synovium has been resected or divided is recommended to keep the serum level below the potentially toxic range."	( Blood levels of bupivacaine after arthroscopy of the knee joint. Limbird, TJ; Smith, BE; Wasudev, G, 1990)	0.95
" Three different dosage regimens of bupivacaine were compared."	( Caudal analgesia for pediatric day case surgery: assessment of motor function prior to discharge. Burns, AM; Dewar, AK; Shelly, MP, )	0.41
" There were significant differences between the two groups in pain score, patient assessment of analgesia quality, time to first analgesic intervention, and total dosage of hydromorphone during the first 24 hours."	( Epidural hydromorphone for postcesarean analgesia. Chestnut, DH; Choi, WW; Isbell, TJ, 1986)	0.27
" The dog was given only the alcohol solvent portion of the nifedipine solution at a dosage and rate equivalent to that of the first day of the experiment."	( Does nifedipine enhance the cardiovascular depressive effects of bupivacaine? Candler, EM; Frolicher, DA; Howie, MB; McSweeney, TD; Mortimer, W, )	0.37
" There was no significant difference between groups in median duration of subsequent bupivacaine analgesia (60 min in each group) or mean (+/- SD) dosage of bupivacaine during the first stage of labor (64 +/- 43 versus 72 +/- 57 mg)."	( The influence of pH-adjusted 2-chloroprocaine on the quality and duration of subsequent epidural bupivacaine analgesia during labor: a randomized, double-blind study. Bates, JN; Chestnut, DH; Choi, WW; Geiger, M, 1989)	0.72
"A comparative trial between three different dosage regimens of bupivacaine administered by the caudal route, used for the prevention of postoperative pain in children undergoing elective inguinal herniotomy or ligation of patient processus vaginalis was undertaken."	( Caudal anaesthesia for postoperative pain relief in children: a comparative trial of different regimens using plain bupivacaine. Coad, NR; Hain, WR, 1989)	0.73
" Although both drugs caused evidence of depression of conductivity and contractility, these appeared at lower dosage and lower plasma concentrations with bupivacaine than with ropivacaine."	( Acute toxicity of ropivacaine compared with that of bupivacaine. Bloomfield, P; Bowler, GM; Fagan, D; Lee, A; Lundh, R; Scott, DB, 1989)	0.73
" Dose-response curves were constructed from the data obtained, and the CD50 and LD50 values for each local anesthetic alone and in combination with each of the vasoconstrictors were calculated by probit analysis."	( Modification of local anesthetic toxicity by vasoconstrictors. Dorris, RL; Taylor, SE, )	0.13
" Both the dose-response curve and the kinetics of the cocaine-induced closures indicate that there is a single class of cocaine-binding site."	( Cocaine-induced closures of single batrachotoxin-activated Na+ channels in planar lipid bilayers. Wang, GK, 1988)	0.27
" The dose-response curves were monotonic and the slopes were log-linear."	( Epidural injections of bupivacaine, morphine, fentanyl, lofentanil, and DADL in chronically implanted rats: a pharmacologic and pathologic study. Durant, PA; Yaksh, TL, 1986)	0.58
" Incremental dosage and careful screening is recommended."	( Coeliac plexus block and cephalic spread of injectate. Hardy, PA; Wells, JC, 1989)	0.28
" The mean dosage of bupivacaine decreased in the acute pain group from 21."	( Difference in analgesia following epidural blockade in patients with postoperative or chronic low back pain. Denson, DD; Edström, HH; Gregg, RV; Knarr, D; Raj, PP; Vigdorth, E, 1988)	0.6
"5 per cent bupivacaine, in a dosage adequate to produce block to the T4 level."	( The effect of pH adjustment of bupivacaine on onset and duration of epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section. Axelson, JE; Blair, I; Douglas, MJ; Gambling, DR; Kim, JH; McMorland, GH; Ross, PL; Swenerton, JE, 1988)	0.95
" Cardiotoxicity associated with bupivacaine is related not to the concentration employed but to the total dosage administered as a rapid intravenous injection."	( Is there a need for chloroprocaine 3% and bupivacaine 0.75%? Covino, BG, 1988)	0.82
" Difficulties in interpreting the elimination parameters following epidural administration are discussed, leading to the conclusion that the derivation of dosage regimens from kinetic parameters following epidural administration is not warranted."	( Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of bupivacaine in postoperative epidural analgesia. Heinzow, B; Maier, C; Winckler, K; Wulf, H, 1988)	0.54
" A reduced dosage of local anesthetics, as commonly recommended during pregnancy, was used."	( [Epidural anesthesia in a patient with Friedreich's ataxia]. Alon, E; Waespe, W, 1988)	0.27
" We conclude that the extrapolation of kinetic data of bupivacaine obtained after a short infusion (or a bolus injection) to prolonged dosage must be done with care."	( Pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine after short and prolonged infusions in conscious dogs. Berdeaux, A; Froideveaux, R; Gerard, JL; Lambert, C; Mazoit, JX, 1988)	0.85
" Continuous administration of low dosage epidural narcotics has been shown to have less frequent side effects than bolus administration."	( Epidural catheter analgesia for the management of postoperative pain. Cullen, ML; Staren, ED, 1986)	0.27
"01); total codeine dosage was lower in group 1 (4."	( Intraoperative bupivacaine during outpatient hernia repair in children: a randomized double blind trial. Langer, JC; Rosenberg, M; Shandling, B, 1987)	0.63
" The mean dosage of bupivacaine decreased from 21."	( Comparison of continuous epidural infusion of a local anesthetic and administration of systemic narcotics in the management of pain after total knee replacement surgery. Denson, DD; Edström, HH; Hartrick, CT; Hopson, CN; Knarr, DC; Pither, CE; Raj, PP; Vigdorth, E, 1987)	0.6
" It was found that infusions provided comparable analgesia and decreased midwife workload but resulted in a higher dosage of bupivacaine."	( An epidural infusion technique for labour. Balmer, HG; Gaylard, DG; Wilson, IH, 1987)	0.48
" When administered over the dosage range 1-16% (v/v) intradermally, or by injections into muscle, or by repeat injections every 4 days for 16 days, all animals regained their pretreatment response to painful stimulations, and there was no evidence of gross injury to tissue."	( Ultra-long-duration local anesthesia produced by injection of lecithin-coated methoxyflurane microdroplets. Haynes, DH; Kirkpatrick, AF, 1985)	0.27
" Dose-response curves for lignocaine, mepivacaine, bupivacaine, amethocaine and cinchocaine were obtained after single intrathecal injection to the mouse."	( A methodological study of spinal (subarachnoid) anaesthesia in the rat and the mouse. Akerman, SB, 1985)	0.52
" The dosage requirement on the first occasion was large and much greater than on the second occasion."	( Excessive dose requirements of local anaesthetic for epidural analgesia. How far should an epidural catheter be inserted? Dennison, B; Kumar, CM; Lawler, PG, 1985)	0.27
"A randomized double-blind study was performed to elucidate the interrelationships among volume, concentration, and dosage of bupivacaine administered intrathecally."	( A dose-response study of bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia. Bizzarri-Schmid, M; Covino, BG; Edstrom, H; Francis, DM; Rocco, AG; Sheskey, MC, 1983)	0.78
"01)--but this was likely to be due to the smaller total dosage of bupivacaine used in the hyperbaric group."	( A comparison of hyper- and isobaric solutions of bupivacaine for subarachnoid block. MacEvilly, M; Phelan, DM, 1984)	0.76
" No differences in onset, duration and regression of analgesia or motor blockade were noticed, indicating that dosage (in mg) is more important than either volume or concentration when glucose-free bupivacaine solutions are used for spinal analgesia."	( Spinal analgesia with glucose-free bupivacaine--effects of volume and concentration. Bengtsson, M; Edström, HH; Malmqvist, LA, 1984)	0.73
" Since bupivacaine has a narrow therapeutic range and highly variable pharmacokinetic parameters, rapid estimation of the parameters allows early dosage regimen adjustments, and hence, better pain management."	( Continuous perineural infusions of bupivacaine for prolonged analgesia--a rapid two-point method for estimating individual pharmacokinetic parameters. Denson, DD; Finnsson, RA; Myers, JA; Raj, PP; Thompson, GA; Thurman, BH, 1984)	1
" Adapting dosage to size (0."	( [Hyperbaric spinal anesthesia with 0.5 percent bupivacaine in traumatological and orthopedic surgery]. Boittiaux, P; Scherpereel, P; Snauwaert, F, 1984)	0.52
"75% bupivacaine hydrochloride with hyaluronidase in adequate dosage greatly reduces the need for a seventh nerve block, thus reducing patient discomfort."	( A technique of retrobulbar block with paralysis of orbicularis oculi. Gills, JP; Loyd, TL, 1983)	0.82
" They experienced much less pain, labour was not prolonged, dosage of bupivacaine was not increased, the forceps delivery rate was lower and there were fewer persistent malrotations."	( Second stage of labour with or without extradural analgesia. Phillips, KC; Thomas, TA, 1983)	0.5
" These results demonstrate that the blood concentrations of the three local anaesthetics following caudal administration are all below the toxic levels in spite of application of the maximum dosage recommended for adults."	( Blood concentrations of lidocaine, mepivacaine and bupivacaine during caudal analgesia in children. Takasaki, M, 1984)	0.52
" Dosage can be calculated on this basis for operations on the perineum, lower and groin with 97 to 98% confidence."	( Caudal analgesia in children. Five hundred cases for procedures below the diaphragm. McGown, RG, 1982)	0.26
"75% bupivacaine must frequently be augmented to provide adequate analgesia for cesarean section in thin parturients (BMI below 28) whereas it is too high a dosage for obese patients."	( Obesity and the cephalad spread of analgesia following epidural administration of bupivacaine for Cesarean section. Hodgkinson, R; Husain, FJ, 1980)	1.04
" The reduced dosage of local anaesthetic improves neonatal status and reduces the necessity of extractional aids."	( [Epidural morphine as adjunct to epidural anaesthesia in obstetrics (author's transl)]. Börner, U; Brähler, A; Hempelmann, G; Müller, H; Stoyanov, M, 1981)	0.26
" In 63 patients bupivacaine 50 mg or less was adequate, while in 33 the dosage was between 60 and 75 mg."	( Low i.v. regional analgesia with bupivacaine for hand surgery. Aronson, HB; Ashur, H; Drexler, H; Rousso, M; Vatashsky, E, 1981)	0.89
" It is concluded that local anaesthetic techniques using the amide-linked local anaesthetics administered in conventional dosage are safe to use in patients known to be genetically susceptible to malignant hyperthermia."	( Response of mhs swine to i.v. infusion of lignocaine and bupivacaine. Harrison, GG; Morrell, DF, 1980)	0.51
" The present studies were performed to determine whether different study designs using different iv dosage regimens could influence the pharmacokinetic parameters determined for either bupivacaine enantiomer."	( Pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine enantiomers in sheep: influence of dosage regimen and study design. Mather, LE; Plummer, JL; Rutten, AJ, 1994)	0.8
" Lignocaine infusions in the dosage range of 20 to 40 micrograms."	( The safety of continuous pleural lignocaine after thoracotomy in children and adolescents. Balsara, RK; Lear, BR; Pasquariello, CA; Schwartz, RE; Stayer, SA, 1995)	0.29
" When using local corticosteroid injections to treat interdigital neuromas, the physician should be familiar with the properties and recommended dosage of the given steroid."	( Interdigital neuroma. Local cutaneous changes after corticosteroid injection. Holder, J; Reddy, PD; Ruotolo, C; Zelicof, SB, 1995)	0.29
" The thiopental requirements were determined by titration; the midazolam requirements were determined from dose-response curves obtained with bolus injections of predetermined doses of the drug."	( Subarachnoid bupivacaine blockade decreases midazolam and thiopental hypnotic requirements. Finger, J; Kissin, I; Shagal, M; Tverskoy, M, )	0.5
"86 micrograms ml-1) or induction of anaesthesia a cumulative dose-response curve of vecuronium was established to achieve a 95% depression of the twitch response."	( The effect of epidural bupivacaine on vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in children. Meretoja, OA; Rosenberg, PH; Taivainen, T, 1994)	0.6
"With the dosage regimen used in this study, an initial epidural bolus with continuous infusion technique generates a steady state plasma concentration of alfentanil that is below levels associated with direct respiratory depression."	( Plasma concentration profile of epidural alfentanil. Bolus followed by continuous infusion technique in the parturient: effect of epidural alfentanil and fentanyl on fetal heart rate. Blass, NH; Christmas, JT; Moore, CH; Wilhite, AO, )	0.13
" A tetracaine dose-response curve for HVA-ICa indicated an apparent dissociation constant of 79."	( Local anesthetics depress the calcium current of rat sensory neurons in culture. Muteki, T; Sugiyama, K, 1994)	0.29
"Time and dose-response functions of 4 concentrations of epidural bupivacaine (0."	( Quantitative sensory examination of epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in man; dose-response effect of bupivacaine. Arendt-Nielsen, L; Brennum, J; Horn, A; Nielsen, PT; Secher, NH, 1994)	0.74
"A sensitive analytical procedure for bupivacaine dosing in plasma samples by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is described."	( High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of bupivacaine in plasma samples for biopharmaceutical studies and application to seven other local anaesthetics. Chevanne, F; Le Corre, P; Le Guévello, P; Le Verge, R, 1993)	0.8
" Dose-response curves were plotted for each drug."	( Duration of spinal anaesthesia is determined by the partition coefficient of local anaesthetic. Benita, S; Golomb, E; Grant, GJ; Langerman, L, 1994)	0.29
" The results suggest that further consideration is necessary on agents selection and dosage adjustment for the postoperative epidural analgesia."	( [Postoperative pain relief by continuous epidural infusion: a comparison of three solutions]. Hayashi, H; Inoue, T; Kanoh, T; Nishiuchi, T; Takeda, K; Tamura, H, 1993)	0.29
"We compared the hemodynamic stability after spinal anesthesia with two different dosing regimens in the elderly."	( Incremental dosing versus single-dose spinal anesthesia and hemodynamic stability. Gerber, H; Jöhr, M; Mueller-Duysing, S; Schnider, TW, 1993)	0.29
" Bupivacaine-induced side effects were absent below a daily dosage of 30 mg by continuous infusion."	( Long-term intrathecal infusion of morphine and morphine/bupivacaine mixtures in the treatment of cancer pain: a retrospective analysis of 51 cases. Crul, BJP; De Bock, M; Van Dongen, RTM, 1993)	1.44
" At high K+ concentration, both local anaesthetics induced effects similar to those observed with low K+, but the dose-response curves for contractility and dV/dtmax were shifted leftward."	( [The potential dependence of the effect of bupivacaine and ropivacaine on the heart. In-vitro studies on the effect of local anesthetics on the force of contraction and the action potential in left guinea pig atria]. Gödicke, J; Petry, A; Wulf, H, 1993)	0.55
" Responses to dosing were assessed by comparing heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate before and after administration."	( Cardiorespiratory responses to epidural analgesia in the awake child: a retrospective review of postoperative patients. Nichols, DG; Tobias, JD; Wetzel, RC, 1993)	0.29
" Thus, epidural BUP-MS appears to provide adequate postoperative analgesia while preventing withdrawal in opioid-dependent patients, if three times the normal dosage and duration of therapy are employed."	( A comparison of postoperative epidural analgesia between patients with chronic cancer taking high doses of oral opioids versus opioid-naive patients. Bacon, DR; de Leon-Casasola, OA; Donaparthi, S; Lema, MJ; Myers, DP; Peppriell, J; Rempel, J, 1993)	0.29
" The results of our study show that despite applying the same dosage of epidural bupivacaine significantly higher plasma concentrations were seen after short periods of continuous infusion in infants up to 4 mo than in children older than 9 mo."	( Bupivacaine plasma concentrations during continuous epidural anesthesia in infants and children. Bachmann, B; Benzer, A; Frischhut, B; Innerhofer, P; Luz, G; Menardi, G, 1996)	1.96
" Fifteen epidural initially were dosed with bupivicaine (1 to 2 mg/kg) alone or in combination with fentanyl (1 to 2 micrograms/kg)."	( Continuous thoracic epidural infusions for postoperative analgesia after pectus deformity repair. Abajian, JC; Dicker, R; McBride, WJ; Vane, DW, 1996)	0.29
" The purpose of this double-blind study was: to investigate the dose-response relationship of increasing doses of ropivacaine on the quality of anaesthesia and the duration of both motor and sensory blockade, and to compare these results with an established local anaesthetic, bupivacaine."	( A double-blind comparison of ropivacaine 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0% and bupivacaine 0.5%, injected epidurally, in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Chan, V; Finucane, BT; Friedlander, M; McKenna, J; Milner, AL; Muzyka, D; O'Callaghan-Enright, S; Reid, D; Sandler, AN, 1996)	0.71
" Midazolam dose-response curves were obtained by probit analysis."	( Effect of epidural bupivacaine block on midazolam hypnotic requirements. Finger, J; Fleyshman, G; Kissin, I; Shifrin, V; Tverskoy, M, )	0.46
"The hypnotic dose-response of propofol was compared with its combination with either bupivacaine-induced spinal block or intramuscular bupivacaine 12."	( Effect of bupivacaine-induced spinal block on the hypnotic requirement of propofol. Bachrak, L; Ben-Shlomo, I; Fleyshman, G; Tverskoy, M, 1996)	0.92
" The optimized methods show good linearity, precision (RSD < 2%) and accuracy (bias < 2% for dosage forms)."	( Validation of high-performance liquid chromatographic methods on two silica base-deactivated reversed phases for the determination of chloroprocaine and bupivacaine. Brun, F; Veuthey, JL, 1996)	0.49
" However, few dose-response data are available to guide the selection of reasonable doses of bupivacaine for different ambulatory procedures."	( Dose-response characteristics of spinal bupivacaine in volunteers. Clinical implications for ambulatory anesthesia. Allen, HW; Liu, SS; Neal, JM; Pollock, JE; Ware, PD, 1996)	0.78
" Dose-response relationships were determined by linear regressions."	( Dose-response characteristics of spinal bupivacaine in volunteers. Clinical implications for ambulatory anesthesia. Allen, HW; Liu, SS; Neal, JM; Pollock, JE; Ware, PD, 1996)	0.56
"These dose-response data may guide the selection of reasonable doses of bupivacaine for various outpatient procedures, although individual responses vary."	( Dose-response characteristics of spinal bupivacaine in volunteers. Clinical implications for ambulatory anesthesia. Allen, HW; Liu, SS; Neal, JM; Pollock, JE; Ware, PD, 1996)	0.79
" The greater degree of separation between motor and sensory blockade seen with ropivacaine relative to bupivacaine is more apparent at the lower end of the dosage scale."	( Ropivacaine. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use in regional anaesthesia. Faulds, D; Markham, A, 1996)	0.51
" The dose-response of BAB administered epidurally and intrathecally as a solution was studied in rats to define the local anesthetic properties in an established animal model."	( Epidural and intrathecal n-butyl-p-aminobenzoate solution in the rat. Comparison with bupivacaine. Breimer, DD; Grouls, RJ; Hellebrekers, LJ; Korsten, HH; Meert, TF, 1997)	0.52
" The dose-response relation was determined and median effective dose values were calculated."	( Epidural and intrathecal n-butyl-p-aminobenzoate solution in the rat. Comparison with bupivacaine. Breimer, DD; Grouls, RJ; Hellebrekers, LJ; Korsten, HH; Meert, TF, 1997)	0.52
" Five patients showed symptoms of compression of the cauda equina or spinal cord shortly after the start of combined IT administration of morphine and bupivacaine in a dosage usually not associated with neurologic symptoms."	( Neurological impairment during long-term intrathecal infusion of bupivacaine in cancer patients: a sign of spinal cord compression. Crul, BJ; van Dongen, RT; van Ee, R, 1997)	0.73
" We are looking forward to seeing that with the addition of epinephrine to the anesthetic solution and a considerable increase of dosage and/or volume of bupivacaine may provide a better and longer pain relief, about which further studies are needed."	( Interpleural bupivacaine for pain relief after transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy for primary hyperhidrosis. Ho, ST; Lee, SC; Lieou, FJ; Wang, JJ, 1996)	0.86
" The result strongly suggests a synergy from this combination that warrants a formal study of the dose-response relationship involved in this treatment and the mechanism by which this effect is achieved."	( Epidural coadministration of ketamine, morphine and bupivacaine attenuates post-herpetic neuralgia--a case report. Cherng, CH; Ho, ST; Liaw, WJ; Shen, TT; Wong, CS, 1996)	0.54
"25% at a dosage of 1 mL."	( [Evaluation of 2 dosages of fentanyl in caudal anesthesia. A prospective randomized double-blind study]. Atallah, T; Chelbi, S; Gharsallah, A; Hmouda, H; Kachoukh, M; Said, R; Souguir, S, 1996)	0.29
"8 mmHg: group II) and dosage of ephedrine administered (14."	( Direction of injection does not affect the spread of spinal bupivacaine in parturients. Drolet, P; Girard, M; Massé, E, 1997)	0.54
"3 to 26 mg/kg) were selected based upon the proposed human dosage and the known pharmacological activity of the compounds."	( Toxicity of bupivacaine and ropivacaine in relation to free plasma concentrations in pregnant rats: a comparative study. Arvidsson, T; Böö, EL; Danielson, MK; Danielsson, BR; Halldin, MM, 1997)	0.68
" In the in vivo study, the dose-response curve for the 50% lethal dose (LD50) of bupivacaine was determined for rats."	( The effects of verapamil and nimodipine on bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: an in vivo and in vitro study. Adsan, H; Onaran, O; Tulunay, M, 1998)	0.79
"It is concluded that a lower dosage of bupivacaine combined with sufentanil in epidural analgesia significantly improves the obstetric outcome as compared to a higher dosage of bupivacaine with adrenaline using intermittent bolus technique."	( Obstetric outcome following epidural analgesia with bupivacaine-adrenaline 0.25% or bupivacaine 0.125% with sufentanil--a prospective randomized controlled study in 1000 parturients. Ekblom, A; Ekman-Ordeberg, G; Irestedt, L; Olofsson, C, 1998)	0.82
"Lipid infusion shifts the dose-response to bupivacaine-induced asystole in rats."	( Pretreatment or resuscitation with a lipid infusion shifts the dose-response to bupivacaine-induced asystole in rats. Cwik, MJ; Garcia-Amaro, MF; Ramaraju, GA; VadeBoncouer, T; Weinberg, GL, 1998)	0.79
" Two techniques frequently used to treat this pain were compared: (1) withdrawal of the catheter 1 cm and repeated dosing with additional local anesthetic, and (2) repeated dosing with additional local anesthetic without any catheter manipulation."	( Treatment of incomplete analgesia after placement of an epidural catheter and administration of local anesthetic for women in labor. Andres, LA; Beilin, Y; Bernstein, HH; Zahn, J; Zenzen, WJ; Zucker-Pinchoff, B, 1998)	0.3
"Case 1: A 72-year-old 84-kg white man with cancer of the bladder and bone metastases had intense back and leg pain that was treated with intrathecal morphine for 6 months at an increasing dosage up to 10 mg twice daily."	( Respiratory depression following administration of intrathecal bupivacaine to an opioid-dependent patient. Barjhoux, CE; Danel, VC; Lemoigne, AH; Mallaret, MP; Piquet, CY; Vincent, FH, 1998)	0.54
"The local anesthetic, bupivacaine, was loaded into Lipospheres in several dosage forms, characterized, and measured for in vitro release."	( Liposphere local anesthetic timed-release for perineural site application. Domb, AJ; Masters, DB, 1998)	0.61
" The duration of analgesia was nearly equivalent in all sufentanil-alone groups (83, 102, and 99 minutes); a dose-response effect was more apparent in the bupivacaine group (35, 42, and 74 minutes; P = ."	( Intrathecal sufentanil and epidural bupivacaine for labor analgesia: dose-response of individual agents and in combination. Abouleish, A; Camann, W; Datta, S; Eisenach, J; Hood, D, )	0.6
" The failure rate, sensory and motor blockade, success rate by changing to lidocaine and its dosage were recorded."	( Clinical study of failure in continuous spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine. Kung, CC; Lin, SY; Sun, WZ; Tang, CS; Wu, TJ, 1998)	0.54
"The dosage of local anaesthetic and the time the patient must be kept in the lateral decubitus position for a unilateral spinal anaesthesia is not known."	( Unilateral spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine. Boyaci, A; Ersoy, O; Esmaoğlu, A; Güler, G; Talo, R; Tercan, E, 1998)	0.56
"125% behaves in a dose-response fashion allowing for the determination of equipotent dose of each."	( Determination of the analgesic dose-response relationship for epidural fentanyl and sufentanil with bupivacaine 0.125% in laboring patients. Gadalla, F; Herman, NL; Koff, HD; Reynolds, JE; Rubin, JD; Sheu, KL; Van Decar, TK, 1998)	0.52
" In addition, the most current and efficacious dosage regimen for the rectal administration of acetaminophen (40."	( Blocks and other techniques pediatric surgeons can employ to reduce postoperative pain in pediatric patients. Broadman, LM, 1999)	0.3
" Dose-response relations were assessed with analysis of variance, paired t tests, or Spearman rank correlation."	( Dose-response effects of spinal neostigmine added to bupivacaine spinal anesthesia in volunteers. Burkhead, DL; Hodgson, PS; Liu, SS; Moore, JM; Trautman, WJ, 1999)	0.55
" However, its relative potency to bupivacaine and its dose-response characteristics are unknown."	( Hyperbaric spinal ropivacaine: a comparison to bupivacaine in volunteers. Kopacz, DJ; Liu, SS; McDonald, SB; Stephenson, CA, 1999)	0.84
"Our results show that high doses of epidural clonidine potentiate general anesthetics and provide more efficient postoperative analgesia than the two bupivacaine dosage regimens investigated."	( Epidural clonidine or bupivacaine as the sole analgesic agent during and after abdominal surgery: a comparative study. De Kock, M; Gautier, P; Jonniaux, M; Lavand'homme, P; Pavlopoulou, A, 1999)	0.82
" No significant difference in observed maximum concentration of drug after dosing or area under the plasma drug concentration versus time curve were seen."	( Clinical effects and maternal and fetal plasma concentrations of 0.5% epidural levobupivacaine versus bupivacaine for cesarean delivery. Bader, AM; Camann, WR; Datta, S; Nephew, E; Tsen, LC, 1999)	0.53
" Most support the assumption that the total dosage is more important than the volume."	( Low-dose bupivacaine: a comparison of hypobaric and near isobaric solutions for arthroscopic surgery of the knee. Korkeila, JE; Kuusniemi, KS; Pihlajamäki, KK; Pitkänen, MT, 1999)	0.72
" The availability of a ready to use parental dosage form of morphine and bupivacaine is comfortable for health care workers."	( Long-term stability of morphine and bupivacaine mixture for spinal use. Beelen, M; Burger, DM; Essink-Tjebbes, CM; Hekster, YA; Wuis, EW, 1999)	0.81
" The major metabolite recovered from beta-glucuronidase-treated equine urine after dosing with bupivacaine is a hydroxybupivacaine, either 3-hydroxybupivacaine, 4-hydroxybupivacaine, or a mixture of the two."	( Bupivacaine in the horse: relationship of local anaesthetic responses and urinary concentrations of 3-hydroxybupivacaine. Boyles, J; Carter, WG; Dirikolu, L; Harkins, JD; Karpiesiuk, W; Lehner, A; Tobin, T; Woods, WE, 1999)	1.96
" The epidural catheter can be dosed intermittently for parturients in whom labor is prolonged, who require surgical manipulation for vaginal delivery, or who require cesarean section for delivery."	( Spinal and combined spinal epidural techniques for labor analgesia: clinical application in a small hospital. Harris, LG, 1998)	0.3
"In the research of new dosage forms improving the therapeutic index of local anesthetics, we studied cyclodextrins, cyclic oligosaccharides forming soluble inclusion complexes with various lipophilic drugs."	( [Biopharmaceutics of local anesthetic-cyclodextrin complexes following loco-regional administration]. Chevanne, F; Dollo, G; Fréville, JC; Le Corre, P; Leverge, R, 2000)	0.31
" Medical management failed and a lumbar epidural dosed with bupivacaine was used."	( Resolution of refractory symptoms of secondary erythermalgia with intermittent epidural bupivacaine. Green, CR; Stricker, LJ, )	0.6
" An increase in daily opioid dosage did not relieve the pain but caused unacceptable side effects of nausea, vomiting, and sedation."	( Continuous brachial plexus block at the cervical level using a posterior approach in the management of neuropathic cancer pain. Dzoljic, M; Pijl, AJ; van der Vegt, MH; Vranken, JH; Zuurmond, WW, )	0.13
" However, its clinical efficacy relative to bupivacaine and its dose-response characteristics, in spinal anesthesia, must first be known."	( Hyperbaric spinal levobupivacaine: a comparison to racemic bupivacaine in volunteers. Alley, EA; Kopacz, DJ; Liu, SS; McDonald, SB, 2002)	0.89
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were not significantly different and there was no evidence of chiral inversion after dosing with S-bupivacaine."	( Comparative efficacy and pharmacokinetics of racemic bupivacaine and S-bupivacaine in third molar surgery. Fawcett, JP; Kennedy, JM; Kumar, A; Kumara, GM; Ledger, R; Patel, MJ; Zacharias, M, )	0.59
"Successful spinal anesthesia in premature and former premature infants depends on close attention to preoperative assessment, patient positioning during and immediately after anesthetic induction, drug dosing and perioperative monitoring."	( [Spinal anesthesia in premature infants--indications, technical aspects and results]. Erez, I; Freud, E; Gutermacher, M; Jedeikin, R; Lazar, L; Litmanowitz, I; Shenkman, Z; Shorer, S, 2002)	0.31
" No significant correlation was found between Bupivacaine dosage and parameter alteration."	( Effect of bupivacaine application on cholinesterase activities, total protein- and albumin concentration in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Bauer, HI; Kluge, HH; Kluge, WH; König, U; Lange, M; Venbrocks, RA, 2002)	0.98
" However, patients might have a better outcome with a reduction of morphine dosage and administration of a muscle relaxant of shorter duration of action than pancuronium."	( A randomized trial of caudal block with bupivacaine 4 mg x kg-1 (1.8 ml x kg-1) plus morphine (150 microg x kg-1) vs general anaesthesia with fentanyl for cardiac surgery. Castillo-Zamora, C; Nava-Ocampo, AA; Rojas-Pérez, E, 2003)	0.59
" The mean dosage and the total amount of Pethidine at 24 hours were significantly lower in G2 compared with G1."	( Postoperative pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomised prospective double-blind clinical trial. Goroshina, J; Lepner, U; Samarütel, J, 2003)	0.32
" A dose-response relationship was observed both with regard to median duration of postoperative analgesia (0."	( A comparison of three different concentrations of levobupivacaine for caudal block in children. Codipietro, L; De Negri, P; Eksborg, S; Grossetti, R; Italiano, S; Ivani, G; Lonnqvist, PA; Mossetti, V; Rosso, F; Tonetti, F, 2003)	0.57
" The author tested the anaesthetic in 100 patients using the same dosage as in hitherto commonly used bupivacaine."	( [Chirocaine in ophthalmology]. Mazal, Z, 2003)	0.53
" The incidence of intraoperative supplemental analgesic and hypotension and the dosage of ephedrine used to treat hypotension were greater in the patients anesthetized with tetracaine 10 mg than in those anesthetized with bupivacaine 10 mg, which is equipotent to tetracaine 10 mg."	( [Spinal anesthesia using hyperbaric bupivacaine HCl for cesarean section]. Fukumitsu, K; Haruna, J; Hirao, O; Kawaraguchi, Y; Kinouchi, K; Kitamura, S; Matsuda, Y; Miyamoto, Y; Nakao, F; Taniguchi, A, 2003)	0.78
" After the neurolytic block, the total dosage of morphine and diclofenac remained unchanged for 2 months."	( Application of a mandibular nerve block using an indwelling catheter for intractable cancer pain. Kohase, H; Shibaji, T; Suzuki, N; Umino, M, 2004)	0.32
" Dry emulsions could be promising dosage forms to optimize the disposition of epidurally administered LAs."	( Bupivacaine containing dry emulsion can prolong epidural anesthetic effects in rabbits. Chevanne, F; Dollo, G; Le Corre, P; Le Verge, R, 2004)	1.77
" The observed complexation may substantially modify properties of bupivacaine hydrochloride dosage forms with sufficient concentration of cyclodextrin but bupivacaine cations are readily released from the weak cyclodextrin complexes by dilution."	( Bupivacaine hydrochloride complexation with some alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins studied by potentiometry with membrane electrodes. Bieliková, Z; Demko, M; Kaclík, P; Kopecký, F; Vojteková, M, 2004)	2
" PCA has been shown to provide more effective analgesia than IM dosing, and PCA administration is preferred over IM dosing by both patients and nurses."	( The use of the pain pump and patient-controlled analgesia in joint reconstruction. Colwell, CW, 2004)	0.32
" This report does not suggest the routine use of low-dose spinal anesthesia without supplements, but illustrates the wide variability in dosage and sensitivity to spinal anesthetics, and suggests that further research is needed in this area, particularly in morbidly obese parturients."	( Very low-dose spinal anesthesia for cesarean section in a morbidly obese preeclamptic patient and its potential implications. Pan, PH; Reyes, M, 2004)	0.32
" In general, a dose-response gradient was seen in the EDLA group for 5 of 7 variables when the curves expressing effect over time for the different concentrations were evaluated."	( Bupivacaine in microcapsules prolongs analgesia after subcutaneous infiltration in humans: a dose-finding study. Hammer, NA; Holte, K; Kehlet, H; Lacouture, PG; Lillesø, J; Pedersen, JL; Werner, MU, 2004)	1.77
"We examined the dose-response relationship of intrathecal clonidine at small doses (	( Small-dose intrathecal clonidine and isobaric bupivacaine for orthopedic surgery: a dose-response study. Aeschbach, A; Gurzeler, JA; Kindler, CH; Schneider, MC; Strebel, S, 2004)	0.79
" In this respect, further studies related to dosage of intrathecal levobupivacaine in obstetric labor analgesia will be beneficial in substantiating this point."	( Intrathecal labor analgesia using levobupivacaine 2.5 mg with fentanyl 25 microg--would half the dose suffice? Chan, SY; Chiu, JW, 2004)	0.83
"Continuous spinal anaesthesia with spinal catheters allows incremental dosing of local anaesthetic and, consequently, less haemodynamic changes."	( Minimum effective local anaesthetic dose of isobaric levobupivacaine and ropivacaine administered via a spinal catheter for hip replacement surgery. Aantaa, R; Jalonen, J; Olkkola, KT; Sell, A, 2005)	0.57
" Both groups were prescribed hydrocodone to use in the postoperative period at the prescribed dosage as needed for pain."	( Local anesthetic infusion pumps improve postoperative pain after inguinal hernia repair: a randomized trial. Gamberdella, M; Read, B; Sanchez, B; Tatevossian, R; Waxman, K, 2004)	0.32
"The groups were similar with respect to age, weight and dosage of local anaesthetic."	( Pharmacokinetics of 0.5% levobupivacaine following ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve blockade in children. Ala-Kokko, TI; Alahuhta, S; Karinen, J; Kiviluoma, K; Räihä, E, 2005)	0.62
"In this prospective, randomised, double-blind study, we compared the effects of two dosage regimens."	( Effects of a height and weight adjusted dose of local anaesthetic for spinal anaesthesia for elective Caesarean section. Boyne, I; Brown, A; Hannah, P; Harten, JM; Varveris, D, 2005)	0.33
"375% Isobaric bupivacaine used during contiuous spinal anesthesia in the supine position produces a suitable and a more "controllable" anesthesia, but a minimum dosage of 10 approximately 12."	( [Clinical research of hyperbaric, isobaric, and hypobaric solutions of bupivacaine in continuous spinal anesthesia]. Bai, NY; Guo, QL; Yang, HW, 2005)	0.92
"Bupivacaine lipid microparticles were prepared and evaluated as a parenteral sustained-release dosage form for postoperative pain management."	( Effect of solid state transition on the physical stability of suspensions containing bupivacaine lipid microparticles. Bandopadhyay, R; Deng, JS; Li, LC; Song, JF; Wurster, DE; Zhu, L, 2005)	2
"This study illustrates that whilst low doses of intrathecal bupivacaine can be effectively used for Caesarean section, at such doses EVE does not appear to offer reliable or clinically relevant reductions in dosing with intrathecal bupivacaine."	( Effect of epidural volume extension on dose requirement of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine at Caesarean section. Beale, N; Columb, MO; Evans, B; Lyons, G; Plaat, F; Stocks, GM, 2005)	0.8
" The myocardial depressant potential of these drugs in sublethal dosage is unknown."	( The myocardial and vascular effects of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine using pressure volume loops. Royse, AG; Royse, CF, 2005)	0.6
"Intermittent epidural bolus dosing is a method of drug delivery that can prolong the duration of labour analgesia induced by a combined spinal epidural (CSE)."	( Automated regular boluses for epidural analgesia: a comparison with continuous infusion. Lim, Y; Ocampo, C; Sia, AT, 2005)	0.33
"The analgesic effect was monitored by the VAS, and the requirement for PCEA dosing and additional analgesics was recorded."	( A prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to epidural analgesia after thoracic surgery. Frumento, RJ; Joshi, RR; Playford, HR; Saldana-Ferretti, B; Sladen, RN; Wagener, G; Wahlander, S, 2005)	0.33
" However, the frequency of postoperative opioid dosing can be minimized and may be a factor when contemplating supplementary use of epidural or intra-articular injections as part of a balanced analgesic approach."	( Comparison of perioperative analgesic protocols for dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy. Harvey, RC; Hoelzler, MG; Lidbetter, DA; Millis, DL, )	0.13
" Intrathecal drug delivery systems can be highly effective in a variety of patient settings, including cases of refractory pain, diminished performance status, poor tolerability of oral medications, polyanalgesia for complex pain, and inadequate dosing due to addiction concerns."	( Intrathecal drug delivery for the management of cancer pain: a multidisciplinary consensus of best clinical practices. Boortz-Marx, R; Du Pen, S; Friehs, G; Gordon, M; Halyard, M; Herbst, L; Kiser, J; Stearns, L, )	0.13
" The dosage required for peripheral nerve blockade in humans would cause unacceptable cardiovascular side effects."	( Efficacy of lidocaine or bupivacaine combined with ephedrine in rat sciatic nerve block. Gerner, P; Greco, WR; Hung, YC; Kau, YC; Wang, GK; Zizza, AM; Zurakowski, D, )	0.43
" Furthermore, the cardiovascular side effects will limit the maximal tolerable dosage of ephedrine."	( Efficacy of lidocaine or bupivacaine combined with ephedrine in rat sciatic nerve block. Gerner, P; Greco, WR; Hung, YC; Kau, YC; Wang, GK; Zizza, AM; Zurakowski, D, )	0.43
"Continuous spinal anaesthesia with spinal catheters allows incremental dosing of the local anaesthetic and, consequently, less haemodynamic change."	( Isobaric bupivacaine via spinal catheter for hip replacement surgery: ED50 and ED95 dose determination. Aantaa, R; Jalonen, J; Olkkola, KT; Sell, A, 2006)	0.75
" Labour analgesia and surgical anesthesia were provided with a lumbar epidural dosed with varying concentrations of bupivacaine."	( Cesarean section in a patient with familial cardiomyopathy and a cardioverter-defibrillator. Dolak, JA; Frost, DA, 2006)	0.54
" Although minimum local analgesic concentration studies suggested that they are less potent than bupivacaine, full dose-response studies have not been performed."	( Determination of the full dose-response relation of intrathecal bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine, combined with sufentanil, for labor analgesia. Deprest, J; Dreelinck, R; Dubois, J; Kumar, A; Lewi, L; Van de Velde, M; Vandermeersch, E, 2007)	0.8
" Group-specific dose-response curves were constructed using a probit regression model."	( Determination of the full dose-response relation of intrathecal bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine, combined with sufentanil, for labor analgesia. Deprest, J; Dreelinck, R; Dubois, J; Kumar, A; Lewi, L; Van de Velde, M; Vandermeersch, E, 2007)	0.58
"This full dose-response study suggests that ropivacaine and levobupivacaine are of similar potency, whereas bupivacaine is more potent than both other drugs."	( Determination of the full dose-response relation of intrathecal bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine, combined with sufentanil, for labor analgesia. Deprest, J; Dreelinck, R; Dubois, J; Kumar, A; Lewi, L; Van de Velde, M; Vandermeersch, E, 2007)	0.82
" Dose-response curves were established and the respective ED50 (50% effective dose) values were determined for each agent alone."	( Antinociceptive synergy between the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 and bupivacaine in the rat formalin test. Chung, RK; Han, JI; Kang, S; Kim, CH; Kim, DY; Lee, GY; Lee, H, 2007)	0.57
" The mean dosage of meperidine used was 76."	( The effect of tramadol or clonidine added to intraperitoneal bupivacaine on postoperative pain in total abdominal hysterectomy. Karamanlioglu, B; Memis, D; Pamukçu, Z; Tükenmez, B; Turan, A, )	0.37
" The collected parameters were patient demographic data (sex, age, body weight, height, ASA status), operative data (type of operation, emergency status, position and duration of operation), anesthetic data (type and dosage of local anesthetic agents used, intravenous fluid, vasoactive and sedative agents, highest sensory level of spinal blockage, usage and doses of spinal opioids)."	( Prospective study of hypotension and bradycardia during spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine: incidence and risk factors, part two. Chinachoti, T; Tritrakarn, T, 2007)	0.57
" Dose-response analysis revealed significantly increased sensitivity to bupivacaine toxicity during fatty acid metabolism, indicated by lower V50 doses for both heart rate (70."	( Metabolic context affects hemodynamic response to bupivacaine in the isolated rat heart. Di Gregorio, G; Edelman, LB; Kelly, K; Ripper, R; Weinberg, GL, 2008)	0.83
" The initial dose was 10 mg of bupivacaine or 20 mg of ropivacaine; the dosing intervals were 1 mg and 2 mg, respectively."	( Median effective local anesthetic doses of plain bupivacaine and ropivacaine for spinal anesthesia administered via a spinal catheter for brachytherapy of the lower abdomen. Chiari, A; Deusch, E; Heinzl, H; Kozek-Langenecker, SA; Michalek-Sauberer, A, )	0.67
" However, no data exist to assess the dose-response characteristics of IT fentanyl when added to bupivacaine in infants."	( Dose-response study of intrathecal fentanyl added to bupivacaine in infants undergoing lower abdominal and urologic surgery. Batra, YK; Lokesh, VC; Panda, NB; Rajeev, S; Rao, KL, 2008)	0.81
" Our objective was to apply patient control to paravertebral analgesia and evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of two distinct dosing regimens."	( The feasibility of patient-controlled paravertebral analgesia for major breast cancer surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of two regimens. Buggy, DJ; Burlacu, CL; Freir, NM; McElwain, J; Moriarty, DC; Sessler, DI, 2008)	0.35
" The dosage of PCA drug 0-4 h after operation of the C2 was significantly higher than that of the C4 group."	( [Effects of epidural clonidine pretreatment in epidural patient-controlled analgesia using sufentanil combined with levobupivacaine]. Ruan, XC; She, SZ; Su, J; Xie, XQ; Xu, LX, 2008)	0.55
" However, no reports of levobupivacaine concentrations have been published with this dosing scheme."	( Pharmacokinetics of levobupivacaine (2.5 mg/kg) after caudal administration in children younger than 3 years. Cortínez, LI; Fuentes, R; Muñoz, HR; Ostermann, P; Solari, S; Vega, M, 2008)	0.95
" The muscle strips were then exposed to cumulative concentrations of bupivacaine and levobupivacaine and dose-response curves were generated."	( A comparison of the inhibitory effects of bupivacaine and levobupivacaine on isolated human pregnant myometrium contractility. Briggs, LP; Campion, DP; Carey, MF; Collins, CB; Fanning, RA; Keely, S; O'Connor, JJ, 2008)	0.84
" Before extrapolating these results to human cartilage, other factors including underlying cartilage injury or disease, decreased chondrocyte density, and increased bupivacaine dosing need to be taken into account."	( Long-term effects of bupivacaine on cartilage in a rabbit shoulder model. Bach, BR; Chubinskaya, S; Cole, BJ; Gomoll, AH; Kang, RW; Williams, JM; Yanke, AB, 2009)	0.87
" Both drugs were tested on C2C12 myoblasts and an analysis was performed using propidium iodide staining followed by an imaging processing routine to obtain quantitative dose-response profiles in the gradient maker."	( A microfluidic gradient maker for toxicity testing of bupivacaine and lidocaine. Ahluwalia, A; Marano, M; Tirella, A; Vozzi, F, 2008)	0.59
"5% bupivacaine for pain control after video-laparoscopic cholecystectomy at its optimal dosage of 2 mg/kg infiltrated in the muscular fasciae of the trocars, or positioned in the gallbladder soaking a sheet of regenerated oxidized cellulose (Tabotamp)."	( Effectiveness for pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy of 0.5% bupivacaine-soaked Tabotamp placed in the gallbladder bed: a prospective, randomized, clinical trial. Feroci, F; Kröning, KC; Scatizzi, M, 2009)	1.21
" Therefore, we performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind study to determine the minimum local analgesic concentrations of a caudal single shot of ropivacaine and levobupivacaine in children and to describe the upper dose-response curve."	( Relative analgesic potencies of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine for caudal anesthesia in children. Astuto, M; Disma, N; Donath, S; Duffy, C; Frawley, G; Fumagalli, R; Gullo, A; Ingelmo, P; Rosano, G, 2009)	0.82
"We performed a two-stage prospective, randomized, double-blind study comparing the dose-response curves of caudal ropivacaine and levobupivacaine in children."	( Relative analgesic potencies of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine for caudal anesthesia in children. Astuto, M; Disma, N; Donath, S; Duffy, C; Frawley, G; Fumagalli, R; Gullo, A; Ingelmo, P; Rosano, G, 2009)	0.83
" Patients in whom failure was obviously due to technical problems or inadequate dosage were excluded."	( Bupivacaine concentrations in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid in patients with failed spinal anaesthesia. Hampl, KF; Hauenstein, L; Ruppen, W; Seeberger, MD; Steiner, LA, 2009)	1.8
"Under the conditions of this study, we have shown that when phenylephrine or ephedrine were used to prevent post-spinal hypotension, the dosing requirement of hyperbaric bupivacaine was similar for intrathecal anaesthesia."	( Effect of i.v. phenylephrine or ephedrine on the ED50 of intrathecal bupivacaine with fentanyl for caesarean section. Barnes, J; Belavadi, P; Columb, MO; Hennebry, MC; Lyons, G; Stocks, GM; Wray, S, 2009)	0.78
"To determine effective spinal anesthetic dosing of hyperbaric bupivacaine for patients undergoing high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy for prostate cancer."	( Saddle block analgesia for high-dose-rate brachytherapy: A prospective study. Clarke, HA; Kay, J; Lam-McCulloch, J; Tarshis, J, )	0.37
" Guidelines for lipid application exist; however, experimental evidence of efficacy at recommended dosing is lacking."	( Evaluation of the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland lipid infusion protocol in bupivacaine induced cardiac arrest in rabbits. Cave, G; Harvey, MG; Winterbottom, T, 2009)	0.57
" This study provides an excellent platform on which to build future trials that could include increased baseline dosing for the epidural medications, radiographic confirmation of catheter placement, and dual catheter techniques toward the goal of improving pain control in these patients."	( Epidural analgesia compared with intravenous analgesia after pediatric posterior spinal fusion. Burke, CN; Caird, MS; Farley, FA; Gauger, VT; Kostrzewa, AJ; Voepel-Lewis, TD; Wagner, DS, 2009)	0.35
" The dose for the first patient in each group was 8 mg, and the dosing increment was set at 1 mg."	( The median effective dose of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine after intrathecal injection in lower limb surgery. Fong, SY; Gin, T; Lee, YY; Liu, JT; Ngan Kee, WD, 2009)	0.64
" In phase 2, a further 70 patients were randomly allocated to receive spinal anaesthesia with doses in the upper dose-response range to define the ED95."	( Relative potencies of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine for neonatal spinal anaesthesia. Frawley, G; Ingelmo, P; Smith, KR, 2009)	0.67
" Cumulative levobupivacaine dose-response curves over a range of 10(-6) to 3 x 10(-4) M were constructed in 1) aortic rings with no drug pretreatment; 2) endothelium-denuded rings pretreated with quinacrine dihydrochloride (nonspecific phospholipase A(2) inhibitor: 2 x 10(-5), 4 x 10(-5) M), nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) (lipoxygenase inhibitor: 10(-5), 3 x 10(-5) M), indomethacin (nonspecific cyclooxygenase inhibitor: 10(-5) M), AA-861 (5-lipoxygenase inhibitor: 10(-5), 5 x 10(-5) M), fluconazole (cytochrome P450 epoxygenase inhibitor: 10(-5) M), verapamil (10(-5) M), or calcium-free solution; and 3) endothelium-intact rings pretreated with N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor: 5 x 10(-5) M), indomethacin, or fluconazole."	( The direct effect of levobupivacaine in isolated rat aorta involves lipoxygenase pathway activation and endothelial nitric oxide release. Choi, YS; Hah, YS; Hwang, EM; Jeong, YS; Lee, SH; Ok, SH; Park, JY; Shin, IW; Sohn, JT, 2010)	1.01
" A preliminary study was used to guide the dosing schedule for the main study in which patients were divided into three groups according to their BMI (Group A, BMI >27 kg m(-2); Group B, BMI 24-27 kg m(-2); Group C, BMI <24 kg m(-2))."	( Effect of body mass index on the ED50 volume of bupivacaine 0.5% for supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Gupta, PK; Hopkins, PM; Pace, NL, 2010)	0.62
" Morphine at a dosage of 10 mg showed the best and most long-lasting analgesic efficiency."	( Analgesic effects of intra-articular morphine in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders: a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Mühling, J; Wiechnik, J; Ziegler, CM, 2010)	0.36
" In this experiment, sedated rabbits were resuscitated from bupivacaine-induced asystole with intravenous lipid according to the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland's guideline, or by identical lipid dosing with hypertonic saline: 6 mEq x kg(-1) 21% sodium chloride."	( Effect of hypertonic saline on electrocardiography QRS duration in rabbit model of bupivacaine toxicity resuscitated by intravenous lipid. Cave, G; Desmet, J; Harvey, M; Lahner, D; Prince, G, 2010)	0.83
"The potencies of bupivacaine and ropivacaine have been compared using up-and-down methodology, but their complete dose-response curves have not been compared."	( Determination and comparison of graded dose-response curves for epidural bupivacaine and ropivacaine for analgesia in laboring nulliparous women. Gin, T; Khaw, KS; Lee, A; Ng, FF; Ngan Kee, WD, 2010)	0.93
" Response was defined by the percentage decrease in pain score from baseline at 30 min, and dose-response data were analyzed by using nonlinear regression."	( Determination and comparison of graded dose-response curves for epidural bupivacaine and ropivacaine for analgesia in laboring nulliparous women. Gin, T; Khaw, KS; Lee, A; Ng, FF; Ngan Kee, WD, 2010)	0.59
"Ropivacaine is less potent than bupivacaine, but otherwise they have similar dose-response characteristics."	( Determination and comparison of graded dose-response curves for epidural bupivacaine and ropivacaine for analgesia in laboring nulliparous women. Gin, T; Khaw, KS; Lee, A; Ng, FF; Ngan Kee, WD, 2010)	0.88
" Dosing regimens, volumes of injection, and injection schedules varied greatly."	( Patterns of use of peripheral nerve blocks and trigger point injections among headache practitioners in the USA: Results of the American Headache Society Interventional Procedure Survey (AHS-IPS). Ashkenazi, A; Blumenfeld, A; DePalma, T; Grosberg, B; Lipton, RB; Napchan, U; Narouze, S; Nett, B; Rosenthal, B; Tepper, S, 2010)	0.36
"To observe the motor and sensorial block characteristics with different dosage of levobupivacaine during spinal block for the patients undergoing day-case knee arthroscopy."	( Comparison of the effects of intrathecal different dosage of levobupivacaine in elective day-case arthroscopy of the knee. Mehmet, Y; Mustafa, A; Onur, O; Sibel, AM, 2010)	0.82
"Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) have potent local anesthetic properties and may produce a long-lasting pain blockade that could be of interest in relieving chronic pain states such as neuropathic pain, but there are only few data comparing their dose-response curves of analgesic activity under the same experimental conditions."	( Analgesic and antiallodynic effects of antidepressants after infiltration into the rat. del Valle, J; Domenech, J; Escribano, E; Garcia, X; Queralt, J, 2010)	0.36
"This prospective randomized double-blind dose-response study aimed to determine the ED₅₀ and ED₉₅ of intrathecal levobupivacaine combined with morphine and sufentanil for elective Caesarean delivery."	( ED₅₀ and ED₉₅ of intrathecal levobupivacaine with opioids for Caesarean delivery. Allaouchiche, B; Boselli, E; Bouvet, L; Chassard, D; Da-Col, X; Daléry, F; Dantony, E; Ruynat, L, 2011)	0.86
"First, dose-response curves for dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, and bupivacaine (n = 8 at each testing point) were determined for cutaneous analgesia on the rat back, and equipotent doses were calculated."	( Systemic dextromethorphan and dextrorphan are less toxic in rats than bupivacaine at equianesthetic doses. Chen, YC; Chen, YW; Hung, CH; Liu, TY; Wang, JJ, 2011)	0.84
" We investigated the effect of the addition of clonidine to the MLAC of levobupivacaine in a randomized controlled dose-response trial."	( Effect of epidural clonidine on minimum local anesthetic concentration (ED50) of levobupivacaine for caudal block in children. Alberighi, OD; Disma, N; Frawley, G; Mameli, L; Montobbio, G; Pistorio, A; Tuo, P, 2011)	0.82
" We hypothesized that BMI-related inverse dosing of plain bupivacaine according to low, normal, and high BMI would result in no difference in block extent."	( The effect of body mass index on the spread of spinal block in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Kuusniemi, KS; Leino, KA; Pälve, HK; Tiusanen, HT; Tuppurainen, TT, 2011)	0.61
"Despite three-step dosing of plain bupivacaine inversely related to BMI (low, normal, or high), comparable block extent was not achieved because of greater spread in the high-BMI group."	( The effect of body mass index on the spread of spinal block in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Kuusniemi, KS; Leino, KA; Pälve, HK; Tiusanen, HT; Tuppurainen, TT, 2011)	0.65
" This dose-response study suggests that doses of intrathecal bupivacaine less than 10 mg may not adequately ensure successful intraoperative anesthesia."	( ED(50) and ED(95) of intrathecal bupivacaine in morbidly obese patients undergoing cesarean delivery. Atkinson Ralls, L; Carvalho, B; Collins, J; Drover, DR; Riley, ET, 2011)	0.89
"The presence of cases of subtotal anaesthetic coverage (with necessity to recur to general anaesthesia), and others with good anaesthetic coverage, but difficultly treatable hypotensions show that the best dosage of these local anaesthetics is to be found yet."	( [Ropivacaina 0.5% vs Levobupivacaina 0.5 endoscopic urological surgery]. Baldini, C; Fasciolo, A, )	0.13
" Pretreatment with Intralipid® shifted the dose-response to bupivacaine-induced asystole in rats."	( [Bupivacaine toxicity and propofol anesthesia : animal study on intravascular bupivacaine injection]. Bettschart-Wolfensberger, R; Frotzler, A; Kutter, AP; Martin Jurado, O; Mauch, J; Spielmann, N; Weiss, M, 2011)	1.52
" Except for granulomatous inflammation, there were no differences in overall incidence or severity of histologic changes in the sites dosed to DB, saline or B(sol)."	( The safety and tolerability evaluation of DepoFoam bupivacaine (bupivacaine extended-release liposome injection) administered by incision wound infiltration in rabbits and dogs. Brubaker, AN; Cole, PI; Haan, D; Nelson, KG; Newton, PE; Ott, LR; Rebelatto, MC; Richard, BM; Ross, PE, 2011)	0.62
" The dose of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine was decided by using the up-and-down method with an initial dose of 9 mg and dosing change of 1 mg."	( ED50 of hyperbaric bupivacaine with fentanyl for cesarean delivery under combined spinal epidural in normotensive and preeclamptic patients. Kakkar, A; Kumar, S; Salhotra, R; Sethi, AK; Tyagi, A, )	0.73
" The primary outcome was the dosage of local anesthetic that was used."	( Obstetric outcomes and maternal satisfaction in nulliparous women using patient-controlled epidural analgesia. Haydon, ML; Larson, D; Nageotte, MP; Preslicka, CW; Reed, E; Shrivastava, VK, 2011)	0.37
"05) vs bupivacaine HCl on Days 1 and 5 and mean AUC NRS-R scores were significantly lower through Days 2-5; a dose-response trend was demonstrated."	( A randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging study comparing wound infiltration of DepoFoam bupivacaine, an extended-release liposomal bupivacaine, to bupivacaine HCl for postsurgical analgesia in total knee arthroplasty. Bramlett, K; Jones, K; Onel, E; Viscusi, ER, 2012)	1.06
"In order to reduce postoperative opioid requirement, extrapleural local anaesthetic infusion dosing recommendations and guidelines for extrapleural catheter insertion were developed in our institution for 'extubatable' neonates requiring short-gap neonatal tracheo-oesophageal fistula/oesophageal atresia repair (via thoracotomy) and audited prospectively."	( Audit of extrapleural local anaesthetic infusion in neonates following repair of tracheo-oesophageal fistulae and oesophageal atresia via thoracotomy. Chalkiadis, GA; Clarnette, TD; Dowden, SJ; McNally, CM; Palmer, GM; Penrose, S; Smith, KR; Thalayasingam, P; Tingay, DG, 2012)	0.38
" However, even with identical drug dosage and administration mode, the extent of drug distribution in vivo is highly variable and difficult to control."	( The frequency and magnitude of cerebrospinal fluid pulsations influence intrathecal drug distribution: key factors for interpatient variability. Hettiarachchi, HD; Hsu, Y; Linninger, AA; Zhu, DC, 2012)	0.38
" Hyperbaric levobupivacaine seems to be suitable, but the optimal dosage needs further investigation."	( Clinical characteristics of spinal levobupivacaine: hyperbaric compared with isobaric solution. Chompubai, P; Permpolprasert, L; Sanansilp, V; Suksopee, P; Trivate, T; Visalyaputra, S; von Bormann, B, 2012)	0.99
" Using a rat model via intrathecal injection, we tested spinal blockades of motor function and nociception by promazine, chlorpromazine or bupivacaine, and so were dose-response studies and durations."	( Promazine and chlorpromazine for prolonged spinal anesthesia in rats. Chen, YC; Chen, YW; Chu, CC; Kan, CD; Wang, JJ, 2012)	0.58
"We investigated the safety and efficacy of the bilateral periarticular multimodal drug injection (PMDI) at a reduced dosage in patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (SBTKA)."	( Use of reduced-dose periarticular injection for pain management in simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty. Chang, CB; Jeon, YT; Kang, YG; Kim, TK; Koh, IJ; Song, J, 2012)	0.38
" However, the optimal dosing regimen remains unclear."	( Closed-loop double-vasopressor automated system to treat hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: a preliminary study. Sia, AT; Sng, BL; Tan, HS, 2012)	0.38
" These results suggest that administration of NSAIDs into surgical wounds may be an analgesic alternative to higher systemic dosing of NSAIDs."	( Postoperative subcutaneous instillation of low-dose ketorolac but not hydromorphone reduces wound exudate concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 and improves analgesia following cesarean delivery. Angst, MS; Carvalho, B; Lemmens, HJ; Ting, V, 2013)	0.39
"Describing the relationship between magnitude of response, probability of response, dose and time is difficult using traditional two-dimensional dose-response curves."	( Multi-dimensional response-probability-dose curves for bupivacaine and ropivacaine epidural labour analgesia. Lee, A; Ngan Kee, WD, 2013)	0.64
" Further studies are necessary to confirm these findings in order to determine adequate local anaesthetic dosing for thoracic epidural analgesia in obese patients."	( Postoperative epidural analgesia in obese patients undergoing liver resection surgery. Bellamy, M; Biercamp, C; Hudson-Phillips, S; Kocarev, M; Milan, Z; Pane, H; Procter, H; Rajasekar, N; Simpson, R, 2013)	0.39
" A continual reassessment method statistical program created a dose-response curve, which would shift direction depending on the success or failure of the block."	( Application of the continual reassessment method to dose-finding studies in regional anesthesia: an estimate of the ED95 dose for 0.5% bupivacaine for ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block. Chevret, S; Gupta, PK; Hopkins, PM; Kant, A; Zohar, S, 2013)	0.59
" IFE therapy is being recommended by US PCCs; protocols and dosing regimens are nearly uniform."	( Lipid rescue 911: Are poison centers recommending intravenous fat emulsion therapy for severe poisoning? Christian, MR; Mycyk, MB; Pallasch, EM; Wahl, M, 2013)	0.39
"This prospective randomized single-blinded study was conducted to determine whether there were differences in consumption, demand dosing and postoperative analgesia quality between PCEA using ropivacaine and levobupivacaine."	( The effectiveness of patient-controlled epidural analgesia with ropivacaine 0.165% with fentanyl 2.0 miroc g/ml or levobupivacaine 0.125% with fentanyl 2.0 micro g/ml as a method of postoperative analgesia after major orthopaedic surgery. Misiran, KB; Yahaya, LS, 2013)	0.78
"The optimal dosing regimens of lipid emulsion, epinephrine, or both are not yet determined in neonates in cases of local anaesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST)."	( Resuscitation with lipid, epinephrine, or both in levobupivacaine-induced cardiac toxicity in newborn piglets. Allaouchiche, B; Cejka, JC; Chassard, D; de Queiroz Siqueira, M; Heilporn, A; Leveneur, O; Musard, H; Rhondali, O, 2014)	0.65
"The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the same dosage but different concentrations and volumes of levobupivacaine used for axillary block on the onset and intensity of the block."	( Comparison of the efficacy of different concentrations and volumes of levobupivacaine in axillary brachial plexus blockade. Izdes, S; Kanbak, O; Ozcan, E; Ozturk, L, 2014)	0.84
"Decreasing the concentration and increasing the volume of levobupivacaine without changing its dosage prolongs the duration of analgesia, although it delays the onset and decreases the intensity of sensory and motor block in axillary block."	( Comparison of the efficacy of different concentrations and volumes of levobupivacaine in axillary brachial plexus blockade. Izdes, S; Kanbak, O; Ozcan, E; Ozturk, L, 2014)	0.87
" Dose-response curves for individual drugs were fitted to a hyperbolic dose-response model using nonlinear regression."	( Synergistic interaction between fentanyl and bupivacaine given intrathecally for labor analgesia. Khaw, KS; Lee, A; Ng, FF; Ng, KK; Ngan Kee, WD; So, R, 2014)	0.66
"The derived dose-response models for individual drugs (doses in micrograms) at 15 min were: Effect = 100 × dose / (13."	( Synergistic interaction between fentanyl and bupivacaine given intrathecally for labor analgesia. Khaw, KS; Lee, A; Ng, FF; Ng, KK; Ngan Kee, WD; So, R, 2014)	0.66
"0625% bupivacaine + 2 μg/ml fentanyl + 2 mg morphine in 15 mL saline were given to Group bupivacaine-fentanyl-morphine (Group BFM) with no test dosing from the needle."	( Maternal and neonatal effects of adding morphine to low-dose bupivacaine for epidural labor analgesia. Ahiskalioglu, A; Aksoy, M; Alici, HA; Celik, M; Dostbil, A; Erdem, AF, )	0.85
"In this study we compared the effect of 2 enantiomers; namely racemic preparation of bupivacaine with pure formulation of its levorotatory form levobupivacaine on the dosage requirements for general anesthesia propofol in a series of 273 patients admitted to hospital of China for nephrectomy."	( The effect of L-bupivacaine on BIS levels in the maintenance doses of propofol and fentanyl during general anesthesia in Chinese people. Cai, M; Li, X, 2014)	0.97
" This may be due to the current lack of information concerning the dose-response relationship of seated time and rates of hypotension."	( The median effective seated time for hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia at Cesarean delivery with two doses of hyperbaric bupivacaine: a randomized up-down sequential allocation study. Bourrassa-Blanchette, S; El Mouallem, E; El-Bahrawy, A; Hatzakorzian, R; Kaufman, I; Li-Pi-Shan, W; Moore, A, 2014)	0.61
"Current knowledge on local anesthetic dosage for the TAP block in pediatric patients is very limited."	( Dose effect of local anesthetics on analgesic outcomes for the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in children: a randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial. De Oliveira, GS; Suresh, S; Taylor, LJ, 2015)	0.42
"2%; n=22) reported using bupivacaine in their wetting solutions (bupivacaine group) and provided a dosage range of 62."	( Local anesthetic use in tumescent liposuction: an American Society of Plastic Surgeons survey. Daniali, LN; Hsia, HC; Lee, ES; Paik, AM, 2015)	0.72
"Single administration of intra-articular (IA) bupivacaine for pain relief after arthroscopic knee surgery is effective, but its active duration and dose-response relationship is unclear."	( Single administration of intra-articular bupivacaine in arthroscopic knee surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Liu, SD; Meng, QJ; Qu, HZ; Sun, QB; Zhang, Z, 2015)	0.94
" Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were carried out to assess the effects of various treatment factors on efficacy and to evaluate the dose-response relationship of bupivacaine."	( Single administration of intra-articular bupivacaine in arthroscopic knee surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Liu, SD; Meng, QJ; Qu, HZ; Sun, QB; Zhang, Z, 2015)	0.88
" The analgesic effect of single-administration IA bupivacaine may be associated with the effect of concomitant administration of epinephrine and concentration of bupivacaine, and no dose-response relationship was identified."	( Single administration of intra-articular bupivacaine in arthroscopic knee surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Liu, SD; Meng, QJ; Qu, HZ; Sun, QB; Zhang, Z, 2015)	0.94
"0001), and the total opioid dosage consumed was greater in the RWI group (105."	( Comparison of Local Infiltration Analgesia to Bupivacaine Wound Infiltration as Part of a Multimodal Pain Program in Total Hip Replacement. Barrington, JW; Emerson, RH; Lovald, S; Olugbode, O; Ong, K; Watson, H, 2015)	0.68
"Eighty-four women undergoing elective caesarean sections were randomly assigned to seven groups, receiving intrathecally isobaric bupivacaine in a dosage of 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 mg (n=12 per group), respectively."	( [ED50 of Intrathecal Isobaric Bupivacaine with Epidural Volume Extension for Cesarean Delivery]. Ma, YS; Ni, J; Wu, L; Xiong, YQ; Zeng, K, 2015)	0.91
"After intrathecally injecting the rats with five different doses of each drug, the dose-response curves of ifenprodil and bupivacaine were constructed to obtain the 50% effective dose (ED50)."	( Ifenprodil for prolonged spinal blockades of motor function and nociception in rats. Chen, YW; Chiu, CC; Hung, CH; Wang, JJ; Wang, JN, 2016)	0.64
"5% dosage of plain bupivacaine, which should provide a minimum upper block level (T12) and a suitable upper block level (T10) for lower limb surgeries."	( Abdominal girth and vertebral column length can adjust spinal anesthesia for lower limb surgery, a prospective, observational study. Wei, CN; Yan, M; Zhou, QH; Zhu, B, 2016)	0.76
"Our data indicated that vertebral column length and abdominal girth were strongly correlated with the dosage of intrathecal plain bupivacaine for the loss of pinprick discrimination at T12 and T10."	( Abdominal girth and vertebral column length can adjust spinal anesthesia for lower limb surgery, a prospective, observational study. Wei, CN; Yan, M; Zhou, QH; Zhu, B, 2016)	0.64
" These patients had a significant reduction in the frequency and dosage of analgesics."	( [THE FIRST CLINICAL EXPERIENCE IN THE CELIAC PLEXUS BLOCKADE UNDER ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND NAVIGATION IN PATIENTS WITH PANCREATIC CANCER]. Abuzarova, GR; Karpova, ES; Pavlov, PV; Pirogov, SS; Sarmanaeva, RR; Sokolov, VV, 2015)	0.42
" Recommendations regarding the maximum allowable doses of local anaesthetics should consider population analysis to determine safer dosage ranges."	( Levobupivacaine absorption pharmacokinetics with and without epinephrine during TAP block: analysis of doses based on the associated risk of local anaesthetic toxicity. Altermatt, FR; Araneda, A; Cortínez, LI; Corvetto, MA; Echevarría, GC; Miranda, P, 2016)	0.99
" Simulations showed that the plasma concentrations would be below the toxic limit after repeated dosing every second hour with 25 mg bupivacaine for five days."	( Absorption of Bupivacaine after Administration of a Lozenge as Topical Treatment for Pain from Oral Mucositis. Andersen, O; Jacobsen, J; Jensen, AB; Jensen, K; Kreilgaard, M; Kristensen, CA; Mogensen, S; Petersen, J; Sveinsdóttir, K; Sverrisdóttir, E; Treldal, C, 2017)	1.02
"Levobupivacaine at a higher dosage provided longer duration of spinal anesthesia with better safety profile in sequential bilateral TKA."	( Levobupivacaine vs racemic bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia for sequential bilateral total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study. Chen, CK; Lau, FC; Lee, WG; Phui, VE, 2016)	1.55
" The total postoperative analgesic dosage of morphine was significantly higher in the B group (0."	( Dexmedetomidine decreases the required amount of bupivacaine for ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block in pediatrics patients: a randomized study. Alia, DA; El Metainy, SA; Raof, RA; Wahab, MA, 2017)	0.71
"The addition of intradural morphine allows a reduction in the dosage of local anesthetic improves short-term postoperative analgesia and is associated with less motor blockade."	( Intraspinal administration of morphine hydrochloride combined with low doses of bupivacaine in hemorrhoidectomy: a clinical randomized trial. de Abajo Iglesias, FJ; Rodríguez-Miguel, A; Ruiz-Castro, M; San José Santos, M, 2017)	0.68
"Treated CDCs demonstrated a dose-response effect for chondrocyte viability when treated with bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and liposomal bupivacaine."	( Chondrotoxicity of Liposomal Bupivacaine in Articular Chondrocytes: Preliminary Findings. Cameron, CD; Chuang, AH; Johnson, PC; Shaw, KA; Zumbrun, S, 2017)	0.97
" Meta-analysis suggests that higher-dose neuraxial techniques increase external cephalic version success to a greater extent than lower-dose techniques, but no randomized study has evaluated the dose-response effect."	( Effect of Intrathecal Bupivacaine Dose on the Success of External Cephalic Version for Breech Presentation: A Prospective, Randomized, Blinded Clinical Trial. Bauchat, JR; Chalifoux, LA; Farrer, J; Gerber, SE; Higgins, N; McCarthy, RJ; Peralta, FM; Sullivan, JT; Toledo, P, 2017)	0.77
"This was a retrospective analysis of data previously collected during dose-response studies of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine spinal anesthetics."	( Infant spinal anesthesia: Do girls need a larger dose of local anesthetic? Frawley, G; Huque, MH, 2017)	0.67
" The dosage of anesthetics in each patient was calculated according to the standard up-down sequential allocation method of Dixon."	( Effect of Baricity of Bupivacaine on Median Effective Doses for Motor Block. Chen, C; Chen, MQ; Li, L, 2017)	0.77
"Bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine are often given intrathecally for labor analgesia, but limited data are available for their dose-response properties in this context."	( Dose-Response Curves for Intrathecal Bupivacaine, Levobupivacaine, and Ropivacaine Given for Labor Analgesia in Nulliparous Women. Khaw, KS; Koo, AGP; Ng, FF; Ngan Kee, WD; Tang, SPY, )	1.85
" Logistic sigmoidal dose-response curves were fitted to the data using nonlinear regression, and D50 values were calculated for each drug."	( Dose-Response Curves for Intrathecal Bupivacaine, Levobupivacaine, and Ropivacaine Given for Labor Analgesia in Nulliparous Women. Khaw, KS; Koo, AGP; Ng, FF; Ngan Kee, WD; Tang, SPY, )	0.4
" In addition, liposomal bupivacaine may have a dose-dependent effect, and weight-based dosing should be investigated."	( Liposomal Bupivacaine May Benefit Select Reduction Mammaplasty Patients. Boukovalas, S; Kalaria, SS; Li, RT; Padilla, PL; Phillips, LG; Tran, JP, 2018)	1.19
" Local anesthetics have been commonly used in interventional procedures for alleviating pain, but local anesthetics may have negative impact on MSC dosing because of cytotoxicity or other biological effects."	( Cytotoxicity of Local Anesthetics in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Erwin, PJ; Nie, H; Qu, W; Smith, J; van Wijnen, AJ; Wang, Z; Wu, T, 2018)	0.48
"The administration of prophylactic phenylephrine infusion results in higher intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine dosing requirements in parturients undergoing cesarean delivery."	( Comparison of the ED50 and ED95 of Intrathecal Bupivacaine in Parturients Undergoing Cesarean Delivery With or Without Prophylactic Phenylephrine Infusion: A Prospective, Double-Blind Study. Chen, X; Drzymalski, D; Liu, L; Wang, L; Xiao, F; Zhang, Y, 2018)	0.95
" Formulations of Gelfoam® and BP-PLGA microparticles (GelBP), with three targeted dosing profiles (0."	( A moldable sustained release bupivacaine formulation for tailored treatment of postoperative dental pain. Haines, LG; Harrington, JM; Johnson, LM; Nackley, AG; O'Buckley, SC; Rothrock, GD; Shepherd, SD, 2018)	0.77
"The mechanism of drug release from complex dosage forms, such as multivesicular liposomes (MVLs), is complex and oftentimes sensitive to the release environment."	( Probing the mechanism of bupivacaine drug release from multivesicular liposomes. Chen, L; Choi, S; Dong, Y; Koo, B; Kozak, D; Manna, S; Oktem, B; Petrochenko, P; Wang, Y; Wu, Y; Xu, X; Zheng, J, 2019)	0.82
" Dose-response was considered as the total amount of correction, divided by recession performed in millimeters, associated with bupivacaine injection in the antagonist muscle."	( Bupivacaine injection combined with recession of antagonist rectus muscle to treat sensory strabismus. Allemann, N; Hopker, LM; Modelli, R, 2019)	2.16
"Bupivacaine injection in the antagonist of a recessed extraocular muscle (EOM) appears to add an effect to the standard dose-response of a muscle recession."	( Bupivacaine injection combined with recession of antagonist rectus muscle to treat sensory strabismus. Allemann, N; Hopker, LM; Modelli, R, 2019)	3.4
"Subarachnoid administration of liposomal bupivacaine in pigs exhibited a dose-response effect, and resulted in longer duration of neuraxial block than bupivacaine hydrochloride without histological evidence of neurotoxicity."	( Neurological and histological outcomes after subarachnoid injection of a liposomal bupivacaine suspension in pigs: a pilot study. Cvetko, E; Damjanovska, M; Hadzic, A; Kuroda, MM; Sega Jazbec, S; Seliskar, A; Stopar Pintaric, T; Zel, J, 2019)	1
" Whether there is a height-based dosing algorithm of local anaesthetic in spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section that can provide sufficient anaesthesia with less hypotension without prophylactic fluid preloading and vasopressors is unclear."	( Height-based dosing algorithm of bupivacaine in spinal anaesthesia for decreasing maternal hypotension in caesarean section without prophylactic fluid preloading and vasopressors: study protocol for a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. Hai, C; Huang, B; Huang, Q; Li, Y; Zhang, Z; Zheng, Z, 2019)	0.8
" The Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network (PRAN) data lend itself to explore whether different medical practice patterns exist and if there are nerve blocks with more local anesthetic dosing variation than others."	( Variation Between and Within Hospitals in Single Injection Caudal Local Anesthetic Dose: A Report From the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network. Bosenberg, A; Flack, S; Franklin, AD; Hoyt, M; Krane, EJ; Polaner, DM; Sethna, NF; Taenzer, AH; Walker, BJ, 2020)	0.56
"Wide variation in caudal local anesthetic dosing and administered volume exists."	( Variation Between and Within Hospitals in Single Injection Caudal Local Anesthetic Dose: A Report From the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network. Bosenberg, A; Flack, S; Franklin, AD; Hoyt, M; Krane, EJ; Polaner, DM; Sethna, NF; Taenzer, AH; Walker, BJ, 2020)	0.56
" However, Group F required less dosage of ephedrine for stable hemodynamics and longer time to use the primary postoperative analgesic in comparison to Group B (p<0."	( Effects of Intrathecal Bupivacaine and Bupivacaine Plus Fentanyl in Elderly Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty. Peng, X; Wang, H; Xiao, Y; Zhan, L; Zhao, B, 2019)	0.82
" Further clinical studies with larger numbers of patients should be performed to define optimal dosages, concentration, and application method and dose-response relationship."	( Bupivacaine injection for comitant horizontal strabismus: clinical and radiological results. Altinsoy, Hİ; Ceylan, OM; Karaca, U; Mutlu, FM, 2020)	2
" This study looks to establish a safe and efficacious fixed bupivacaine dosing algorithm in intrathecal pumps for cancer patients."	( Evaluation of Fixed Intrathecal Bupivacaine Infusion Doses in the Oncologic Population. Baig, E; Chen, GH; Clement, K; Gulati, A; Laufer, I; Magram, YC; Spiegel, MA, 2020)	1.08
"A bupivacaine dosing algorithm was developed using data from 120 previous patients who underwent IDDS placement at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center."	( Evaluation of Fixed Intrathecal Bupivacaine Infusion Doses in the Oncologic Population. Baig, E; Chen, GH; Clement, K; Gulati, A; Laufer, I; Magram, YC; Spiegel, MA, 2020)	1.56
" Pruritus, hypotension, motor block, maternal satisfaction, delivery mode, decreased fetal heart rate, total bupivacaine dose and breastfeeding scores were not significantly different among the 3 groups except the sufentanil dosage and incidence of mild drowsiness and fever (the B1S10 group had significantly higher fever than the other groups)."	( A Randomized Controlled Comparison of Epidural Analgesia Onset Time and Adverse Reactions During Labor With Different Dose Combinations of Bupivacaine and Sufentanil. Huang, S; Lu, Y; Wang, T; Yu, X; Zhou, P, 2020)	0.97
" Simplifying local anesthesia mixtures and using dilute concentrations will minimize dosing errors and decrease risk of local anesthesia toxicity."	( Local Anesthetic Facelift. DeJoseph, LM; Pou, JD, 2020)	0.56
" Neonatal drug exposure was modeled by calculating milk/plasma area under the curve (AUC) ratios, neonatal dosage, and relative neonatal dosage of bupivacaine at each sampling time."	( Bupivacaine Pharmacokinetics and Breast Milk Excretion of Liposomal Bupivacaine Administered After Cesarean Birth. Al-Kofahi, M; Karanam, A; Mustafa, HJ; Schaefer, M; Todd, MM; Wong, HL, 2020)	2.2
" Neonatal dosage ranged between a mean of 355."	( Bupivacaine Pharmacokinetics and Breast Milk Excretion of Liposomal Bupivacaine Administered After Cesarean Birth. Al-Kofahi, M; Karanam, A; Mustafa, HJ; Schaefer, M; Todd, MM; Wong, HL, 2020)	2
" The primary end point was total postsurgical opioid consumption (oral morphine equivalent dosing [MED]) through 72 hours."	( Transversus Abdominis Plane Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine for Pain After Cesarean Delivery in a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial. Bao, X; Carvalho, B; Cole, NM; Gadsden, JC; Habib, AS; Horn, JL; Kett, A; Nedeljkovic, SS; Renfro, L; Song, J; Vallejo, MC; Yang, J, 2020)	0.81
"Low concentrations of morphine are required for safe dosing for intrathecal injections."	( Measurement of drug concentration and bacterial contamination after diluting morphine for intrathecal administration: an experimental study. de Bruijn, B; Koning, MV; Koopman, SA; Liefers, WJ; Ruijgrok, EJ; Teunissen, AJW, 2020)	0.56
"Variation of local anesthetic dosing has been reported for adult peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) and infant caudal blocks."	( Variation in pediatric local anesthetic dosing for peripheral nerve blocks: an analysis from the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network (PRAN). Bosenberg, A; Flack, SH; Franklin, A; Herrick, M; Hoyt, M; Polaner, DM; Ramamurthi, RJ; Taenzer, AH; Walker, B, 2020)	0.56
"Considerable variation in dosing exists in all age groups and in all block types."	( Variation in pediatric local anesthetic dosing for peripheral nerve blocks: an analysis from the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network (PRAN). Bosenberg, A; Flack, SH; Franklin, A; Herrick, M; Hoyt, M; Polaner, DM; Ramamurthi, RJ; Taenzer, AH; Walker, B, 2020)	0.56
"Localized delivery to oral mucositis ulcerations requires specialized dosage forms, (e."	( Enhanced drug loading of in situ forming gels for oral mucositis pain control. Burgess, DJ; Lalla, RV; Li, T, 2021)	0.62
"The intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine dosage for cesarean section is difficult to predetermine."	( A prediction model using machine-learning algorithm for assessing intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine dose during cesarean section. Chang, XY; Wang, LY; Wei, CN; Zhou, QH, 2021)	1.14
" Voluntary Paracetamol intake via drinking water reached the target dosage of 200 mg/kg in most animals."	( Lidocaine and bupivacaine as part of multimodal pain management in a C57BL/6J laparotomy mouse model. Arras, M; Durst, MS; Jirkof, P; Palme, R; Talbot, SR, 2021)	0.98
"The main objective of the study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy by pain assessment, to analyze drug dosage changes, to report adverse events (AEs) and conversion ratios switching from ropivacaine to bupivacaine."	( First Evaluation Switching From Ropivacaine to Highly Concentrated Bupivacaine in Intrathecal Mixtures for Cancer Pain. Bellanger, M; Bienfait, F; Boré, F; Delorme, T; Dupoiron, D; Jaoul, V; Jubier-Hamon, S; Lebrec, N; Pluchon, YM; Robert, J; Seegers, V; Sorrieul, J, 2021)	1.05
" As this respiratory distress was attributed to a large pleural effusion, a pigtail catheter was inserted in the intensive care unit with submaximally dosed lidocaine infiltration."	( Multiple myeloma and malignant lesions: a potential risk factor for local anesthetic systemic toxicity. Barney, T; Jayaraman, AL; Lim, VM, 2021)	0.62
"5% (5 mg/ml) was used for and dosage was calculated based on the patient's weight with no more than 2 mg/kg."	( Surgeon-administered ilio-inguinal and pudendal nerve blocks for major vulval surgery: An observational study with visual analogue pain scoring. Gleeson, N; Maguire, PJ; Shahabuddin, Y, 2022)	0.72
"Medication errors include the indirect dosing of drugs."	( Accuracy of Spinal Anesthesia Drug Concentrations in Mixtures Prepared by Anesthetists. Heesen, M; Schwappach, D; Steuer, C; Wiedemeier, P, 2022)	0.72
" There was a dose-response effect in reducing total opioid usage and the proportion of rescue opioid use between the 150 mg and 300 mg HYR-PB21 groups, with bupivacaine HCl as a reference group."	( Local infiltration of HYR-PB21, a sustained-release formulation of bupivacaine, provides analgesia and reduces opioid requirement after haemorrhoidectomy: a randomised controlled trial. Cui, J; Gao, S; Huang, W; Sun, J; Wang, Z; Xu, Q; Yu, Y; Yu, Z; Zhang, S; Zheng, Y, 2022)	1.15
" Further studies are needed to determine the optimal dosing schedule of LE treatment for non-local anesthetic drug toxicity."	( Mechanisms underlying lipid emulsion resuscitation for drug toxicity: a narrative review. Lee, SH; Sohn, JT, 2023)	0.91
" It reduces opioid use after surgery and manages pain better than BVC alone over 72 h, and overcomes surgical site inflammation with a new synergistic mode of action that combines BVC with a low dosage of MLX."	( Manipulation and Processing of Spectral Signals for the Assay of the Newly Authorized Mixture of Bupivacaine/Meloxicam Using Fully Green Solvents and a Comparative Green Evaluation Supporting the Greenness and Sustainability of the Developed Smart Spectro Bahgat, EA; Eissa, MS; Hashem, H; Kamel, EB; Saleh, H, 2023)	1.13
" Larger studies are needed to confirm the findings, with accurate records of the dosage and administration route of local anesthetics."	( Postmortem concentrations of ropivacaine, bupivacaine, and lidocaine in femoral venous blood after hip fracture surgery. Kriikku, P; Nurkkala, J; Ojanperä, I; Oura, P; Virtanen, A, 2023)	1.17
"When the dose of bupivacaine was adjusted by using the height based dosing algorithm, except for weight (P < 0."	( Anesthesia characteristic of an algorithm of bupivacaine dose based on height in caesarean section under spinal anesthesia: a retrospective cohort study. Huang, B; Huang, J; Huang, Q; Wen, G, 2023)	1.51
" It is reasonable that the bupivacaine dose is adjusted by using this dosing algorithm based on height."	( Anesthesia characteristic of an algorithm of bupivacaine dose based on height in caesarean section under spinal anesthesia: a retrospective cohort study. Huang, B; Huang, J; Huang, Q; Wen, G, 2023)	1.47
" The intraoperative remifentanil dosage was significantly greater in groups M and C than in group B (P<0."	( Comparison of intrathecal low-dose bupivacaine and morphine with intravenous patient control analgesia for postoperative analgesia for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Guo, M; Liu, F; Tang, S; Wang, L; Wang, Y; Yang, D; Zhang, J, 2023)	1.19

Class	Description
piperidinecarboxamide
aromatic amide	An amide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an aromatic system.
tertiary amino compound	A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Bupivacaine Action Pathway	31	11

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	41.0000	0.0070	0.8985	5.1000	AID1525553
Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	41.0000	0.4100	0.4100	0.4100	AID1525578
Potassium channel subfamily K member 9	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	100.0000	0.0360	0.0360	0.0360	AID1525579
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	113.0000	0.1870	2.7224	8.1800	AID1802150
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
potassium ion transport	Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of resting membrane potential	Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to zinc ion	Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cochlea development	Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transport	Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
stabilization of membrane potential	Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac ventricle development	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
memory	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to mechanical stimulus	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to axon injury	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transport	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cochlea development	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular response to hypoxia	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA biosynthetic process	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
stabilization of membrane potential	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
monoatomic ion channel activity	Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
open rectifier potassium channel activity	Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium channel activity	Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion leak channel activity	Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
S100 protein binding	Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
outward rectifier potassium channel activity	Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
outward rectifier potassium channel activity	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion leak channel activity	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
calyx of Held	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
astrocyte projection	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel complex	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID540210	Clearance in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID540212	Mean residence time in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID588212	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1215122	Percentage unbound in solid supported porcine brain membrane vesicles at 5 uM by TRANSIL assay	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Feb, Volume: 39, Issue:2	Brain tissue binding of drugs: evaluation and validation of solid supported porcine brain membrane vesicles (TRANSIL) as a novel high-throughput method.
AID1215126	Ratio of fraction unbound in Wistar rat brain homogenate at 5 uM after 5 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method to fraction unbound in solid supported porcine brain membrane vesicles at 5 uM by TRANSIL assay	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Feb, Volume: 39, Issue:2	Brain tissue binding of drugs: evaluation and validation of solid supported porcine brain membrane vesicles (TRANSIL) as a novel high-throughput method.
AID1525578	Inhibition of rat TASK1 expressed in African green monkey COS7 cells by outside-out patches based electrophysiology assay	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-27, Volume: 62, Issue:22	TASK Channels Pharmacology: New Challenges in Drug Design.
AID425652	Total body clearance in human	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15	Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID625281	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079942	Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID450269	Displacement of [3H]-BTX-B from neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel in rat cerebral cortex synaptoneurosomes	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Ligand-based design and synthesis of novel sodium channel blockers from a combined phenytoin-lidocaine pharmacophore.
AID613104	Increase in membrane fluidity in DPH-labeled liposomal membrane containing 40 mol% cholesterol assessed as change in DPH fluorescence polarization at 200 uM after 5 mins by spectrofluorometry relative to control	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11	Stereostructure-based differences in the interactions of cardiotoxic local anesthetics with cholesterol-containing biomimetic membranes.
AID625291	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID588213	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID444054	Oral bioavailability in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1525556	Inhibition of human TASK3 expressed in Xenopus oocytes at 100 uM by whole cell patch clamp assay relative to control	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-27, Volume: 62, Issue:22	TASK Channels Pharmacology: New Challenges in Drug Design.
AID1220555	Fraction unbound in Sprague-Dawley rat brain homogenates at 1 uM after 6 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7	Species independence in brain tissue binding using brain homogenates.
AID1079938	Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID312896	Partition coefficient, log P by UPLC method	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 51, Issue:3	High-throughput log P determination by ultraperformance liquid chromatography: a convenient tool for medicinal chemists.
AID1220557	Fraction unbound in Hartley guinea pig brain homogenates at 1 uM after 6 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7	Species independence in brain tissue binding using brain homogenates.
AID1215121	Fraction unbound in Wistar rat brain homogenate at 5 uM after 5 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Feb, Volume: 39, Issue:2	Brain tissue binding of drugs: evaluation and validation of solid supported porcine brain membrane vesicles (TRANSIL) as a novel high-throughput method.
AID467611	Dissociation constant, pKa of the compound	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 44, Issue:11	Prediction of volume of distribution values in human using immobilized artificial membrane partitioning coefficients, the fraction of compound ionized and plasma protein binding data.
AID1220554	Fraction unbound in Wistar Han rat brain homogenates at 1 uM after 6 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7	Species independence in brain tissue binding using brain homogenates.
AID539464	Solubility of the compound in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at 600 uM at pH 7.4 after 24 hrs by LC/MS/MS analysis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24	Experimental solubility profiling of marketed CNS drugs, exploring solubility limit of CNS discovery candidate.
AID444055	Fraction absorbed in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1079943	Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID444057	Fraction escaping hepatic elimination in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID444051	Total clearance in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1079940	Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID312895	Partition coefficient, log P of the compound	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 51, Issue:3	High-throughput log P determination by ultraperformance liquid chromatography: a convenient tool for medicinal chemists.
AID425653	Renal clearance in human	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15	Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID625283	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079931	Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID625282	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID444052	Hepatic clearance in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1525559	Inhibition of rat TASK3 expressed in African green monkey COS7 cells at 100 uM by outside-out patches based electrophysiology assay relative to control	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-27, Volume: 62, Issue:22	TASK Channels Pharmacology: New Challenges in Drug Design.
AID625288	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079937	Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID467613	Volume of distribution at steady state in human	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 44, Issue:11	Prediction of volume of distribution values in human using immobilized artificial membrane partitioning coefficients, the fraction of compound ionized and plasma protein binding data.
AID613105	Binding affinity to DPH-labeled liposomal membrane without cholesterol assessed as increase in membrane fluidity by measuring decrease in DPH fluorescence polarization after 5 mins by spectrofluorometry	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11	Stereostructure-based differences in the interactions of cardiotoxic local anesthetics with cholesterol-containing biomimetic membranes.
AID243422	log (1/Km) value for human liver microsome cytochrome P450 3A4	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 15, Issue:18	Modeling K(m) values using electrotopological state: substrates for cytochrome P450 3A4-mediated metabolism.
AID444058	Volume of distribution at steady state in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID625280	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID613103	Cardiotoxicity in dog assessed as total plasma concentration causing cardiovascular collapse measured after 20 mins	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11	Stereostructure-based differences in the interactions of cardiotoxic local anesthetics with cholesterol-containing biomimetic membranes.
AID539477	Solubility of the compound in water at pH 7.4	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24	Experimental solubility profiling of marketed CNS drugs, exploring solubility limit of CNS discovery candidate.
AID1079945	Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID467612	Fraction unbound in human plasma	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 44, Issue:11	Prediction of volume of distribution values in human using immobilized artificial membrane partitioning coefficients, the fraction of compound ionized and plasma protein binding data.
AID625284	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079932	Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID1215125	Percentage unbound in solid supported porcine brain membrane vesicles at 5 uM using four compound cocktail after 5 hrs by TRANSIL assay	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Feb, Volume: 39, Issue:2	Brain tissue binding of drugs: evaluation and validation of solid supported porcine brain membrane vesicles (TRANSIL) as a novel high-throughput method.
AID1512641	Dissociation constant, pKa of compound	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-14, Volume: 61, Issue:11	Small Molecule Mitochondrial Uncouplers and Their Therapeutic Potential.
AID1079949	Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID748681	Antiarrhythmic index, ratio of LD50 for Swiss albino mouse to ED50 for calcium chloride-induced Swiss albino mouse	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Synthesis, local anaesthetic and antiarrhythmic activities of N-alkyl derivatives of proline anilides.
AID748682	Antiarrhythmic activity in iv dosed Swiss albino mouse assessed as inhibition of calcium chloride-induced cardiac arrhythmia after 15 mins	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Synthesis, local anaesthetic and antiarrhythmic activities of N-alkyl derivatives of proline anilides.
AID1220559	Fraction unbound in cynomolgus monkey brain homogenates at 1 uM after 6 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7	Species independence in brain tissue binding using brain homogenates.
AID588210	Human drug-induced liver injury (DILI) modelling dataset from Ekins et al	2010	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 38, Issue:12	A predictive ligand-based Bayesian model for human drug-induced liver injury.
AID227699	Virtual screen for compounds with anticonvulsant activity	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 13, Issue:16	Topological virtual screening: a way to find new anticonvulsant drugs from chemical diversity.
AID613109	Cardiotoxicity in dog assessed as free plasma concentration causing cardiovascular collapse measured after 20 mins	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11	Stereostructure-based differences in the interactions of cardiotoxic local anesthetics with cholesterol-containing biomimetic membranes.
AID625286	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079941	Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID748687	Surface anesthetic effect in New Zealand white rabbit assessed as time duration	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Synthesis, local anaesthetic and antiarrhythmic activities of N-alkyl derivatives of proline anilides.
AID748680	Anesthetic effect in Wistar rat assessed as duration of blockage of muscle contraction by infiltration local anaesthetic activity assay	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Synthesis, local anaesthetic and antiarrhythmic activities of N-alkyl derivatives of proline anilides.
AID625290	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625279	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1525553	Inhibition of human TASK1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes by whole cell voltage clamp assay	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-27, Volume: 62, Issue:22	TASK Channels Pharmacology: New Challenges in Drug Design.
AID588209	Literature-mined public compounds from Greene et al multi-species hepatotoxicity modelling dataset	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jul-19, Volume: 23, Issue:7	Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity.
AID1220556	Fraction unbound in CD-1 mouse brain homogenates at 1 uM after 6 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7	Species independence in brain tissue binding using brain homogenates.
AID540209	Volume of distribution at steady state in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID409954	Inhibition of mouse brain MAOA	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 51, Issue:21	Quantitative structure-activity relationship and complex network approach to monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors.
AID1215128	Ratio, ratio of fraction unbound in solid supported porcine brain membrane vesicles at 5 uM dosed as discrete compounds after 5 hrs by TRANSIL assay to fraction unbound in solid supported porcine brain membrane vesicles at 5 uM using four compound cocktai	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Feb, Volume: 39, Issue:2	Brain tissue binding of drugs: evaluation and validation of solid supported porcine brain membrane vesicles (TRANSIL) as a novel high-throughput method.
AID1220558	Fraction unbound in Beagle dog brain homogenates at 1 uM after 6 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7	Species independence in brain tissue binding using brain homogenates.
AID625289	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID748686	Anesthetic effect in Wistar rat assessed as time taken for blockage of muscle contraction by infiltration local anaesthetic activity assay	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Synthesis, local anaesthetic and antiarrhythmic activities of N-alkyl derivatives of proline anilides.
AID1129361	Unbound fraction in HEK293 cell homogenate at 0.1 uM by equilibrium dialysis based UPLC-MS/MS analysis	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 57, Issue:7	A high-throughput cell-based method to predict the unbound drug fraction in the brain.
AID1079947	Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID1079948	Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID540213	Half life in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1079933	Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID1079944	Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID1525579	Inhibition of rat TASK3 expressed in African green monkey COS7 cells by outside-out patches based electrophysiology assay	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-27, Volume: 62, Issue:22	TASK Channels Pharmacology: New Challenges in Drug Design.
AID1079935	Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID625285	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1220560	Fraction unbound in human occipital cortex at 1 uM after 6 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7	Species independence in brain tissue binding using brain homogenates.
AID748685	Anesthetic effect in Wistar rat assessed as duration of complete blockage of muscle contraction by infiltration local anaesthetic activity assay	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Synthesis, local anaesthetic and antiarrhythmic activities of N-alkyl derivatives of proline anilides.
AID588211	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID444053	Renal clearance in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID444050	Fraction unbound in human plasma	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID613108	Binding affinity to DPH-labeled liposomal membrane containing 20 mol% cardiolipin 40 mol% cholesterol assessed as increase in membrane fluidity by measuring decrease in DPH fluorescence polarization at 200 uM after 5 mins by spectrofluorometry	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11	Stereostructure-based differences in the interactions of cardiotoxic local anesthetics with cholesterol-containing biomimetic membranes.
AID205267	Inhibition of binding of Batrachotoxinin [3H]BTX-B to high affinity sites on voltage dependent sodium channels in a vesicular preparation from guinea pig cerebral cortex	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3	[3H]Batrachotoxinin A 20 alpha-benzoate binding to voltage-sensitive sodium channels: a rapid and quantitative assay for local anesthetic activity in a variety of drugs.
AID625287	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1061889	Displacement of [3H]BTX-B from neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel in rat cerebral cortex synaptoneurosomes after 60 mins by scintillation counting	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	A highly predictive 3D-QSAR model for binding to the voltage-gated sodium channel: design of potent new ligands.
AID444056	Fraction escaping gut-wall elimination in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID625292	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079939	Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID1079946	Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID205268	Inhibition of binding of Batrachotoxinin [3H]BTX-B to high affinity sites on voltage dependent sodium channels in a vesicular preparation from guinea pig cerebral cortex at 10 uM	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3	[3H]Batrachotoxinin A 20 alpha-benzoate binding to voltage-sensitive sodium channels: a rapid and quantitative assay for local anesthetic activity in a variety of drugs.
AID540211	Fraction unbound in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1512637	Toxicity in rat	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-14, Volume: 61, Issue:11	Small Molecule Mitochondrial Uncouplers and Their Therapeutic Potential.
AID1079936	Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID748683	Toxicity in iv dosed Swiss albino mouse after 72 hrs	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Synthesis, local anaesthetic and antiarrhythmic activities of N-alkyl derivatives of proline anilides.
AID613107	Binding affinity to DPH-labeled liposomal membrane containing 40 mol% cholesterol assessed as increase in membrane fluidity by measuring decrease in DPH fluorescence polarization at 200 uM after 5 mins by spectrofluorometry	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11	Stereostructure-based differences in the interactions of cardiotoxic local anesthetics with cholesterol-containing biomimetic membranes.
AID613106	Binding affinity to DPH-labeled liposomal membrane containing 5 to 45 mol% cholesterol assessed as increase in membrane fluidity by measuring decrease in DPH fluorescence polarization after 5 mins by spectrofluorometry	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 19, Issue:11	Stereostructure-based differences in the interactions of cardiotoxic local anesthetics with cholesterol-containing biomimetic membranes.
AID1079934	Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID1802150	TREK1 Assay from Article 10.1111/cbdd.12810: \\Identification of the first in silico-designed TREK1 antagonists that block channel currents dose dependently.\\	2016	Chemical biology & drug design, Dec, Volume: 88, Issue:6	Identification of the first in silico-designed TREK1 antagonists that block channel currents dose dependently.
AID1346684	Human Kv1.5 (Voltage-gated potassium channels)	1997	Circulation research, Dec, Volume: 81, Issue:6	Molecular determinants of stereoselective bupivacaine block of hKv1.5 channels.
AID1346692	Mouse Kv4.3 (Voltage-gated potassium channels)	2007	American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, May, Volume: 292, Issue:5	W-7 modulates Kv4.3: pore block and Ca2+-calmodulin inhibition.
AID1346692	Mouse Kv4.3 (Voltage-gated potassium channels)	2006	British journal of pharmacology, Nov, Volume: 149, Issue:6	Pharmacological and molecular evidence for the involvement of Kv4.3 in ultra-fast activating K+ currents in murine portal vein myocytes.
AID1346758	Human Nav1.5 (Voltage-gated sodium channels)	2015	Anesthesia and analgesia, Jun, Volume: 120, Issue:6	A Comparative Analysis of Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine Effects on Human Cardiac SCN5A Channels.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	2163 (18.60)	18.7374
1990's	2755 (23.69)	18.2507
2000's	2847 (24.48)	29.6817
2010's	2911 (25.03)	24.3611
2020's	953 (8.20)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	4,843 (37.35%)	5.53%
Reviews	423 (3.26%)	6.00%
Case Studies	1,560 (12.03%)	4.05%
Observational	89 (0.69%)	0.25%
Other	6,053 (46.68%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (1687)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
"Analgesic Efficacy of Combined Transversus Abdominis Plane Block and Posterior Rectus Sheath Block in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Appendectomy" [NCT06088082]	Phase 3	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-01	Active, not recruiting
Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided Lateral and Medial Approaches to Costoclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Unilateral Upper Exremity Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blinded Study [NCT04786756]		55 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-01	Completed
Ultrasound-guided Shoulder PENG Block Versus Suprascapular Nerve Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Shoulder Arthroscopy; A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study [NCT05666076]		74 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-14	Recruiting
Single-Injection Bupivacaine HCl Plus Either Single-Injection Liposomal Bupivacaine Interscalene Nerve Block or a Continuous Interscalene Nerve Block For Major Shoulder Arthroscopy [NCT03816982]		48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-10-11	Completed
Comparison of Vasopressor Boluses for Management of Hypotension After Spinal Anesthesia [NCT03712111]	Phase 4	86 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-11-21	Recruiting
Exparel (Bupivacaine Liposome Injectable Suspension) for Distal Upper Extremity Blocks in Orthopedic Surgery [NCT02058303]	Phase 4	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-02-28	Terminated(stopped due to PI leaving instutition)
Evaluation of the Minimum Effective Concentration of Bupivacaine (EC50) in Femoral Block for Analgesia by Ultrasound After Knee Surgery [NCT02124005]	Phase 4	45 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Completed
Post Operative Pain Control Among Intrathecal 0.1 mg Morphine, Femoral Nerve Block, or Periarticular Infiltration of 20 mL of 0.25% Bupivacaine in Patients Post Intramedullary Hip Screw [NCT01219088]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-09-30	Recruiting
A Randomized Double Blind Cross-over Trial of Continuous Intrathecal Infusion for Assessing Patients With Chronic Non-cancer Pain Who Would Benefit From Treatment With Intrathecal Drug Delivery System (IDDS) Implant [NCT03523000]	Phase 4	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-18	Completed
The Efficacy of Bupivacaine Alone and in Combination With Lidocaine at Performing Caudal Block on Analgesia in Pediatric Patients Underwent Circumcision: A Historical Cohort Study [NCT03911648]		86 participants (Actual)	Observational	2018-07-01	Completed
Evaluation of Diaphragm Movement After an Interscalene Block [NCT03636542]	Phase 4	26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-01	Completed
The Use of Exparel (Liposomal Bupivacaine) for Bilateral TAP (Transversus Abdominis Plane) Blocks in Open Abdomen Surgery for Postoperative Pain Control [NCT03878888]	Phase 4	52 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-15	Completed
Comparing the Efficacy of Local Anesthetics in Mohs Surgery [NCT03871478]		105 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-10-01	Recruiting
Erector Spinae Plane Block For Analgesia Following Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery : A Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03860480]		52 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-11-29	Recruiting
A Prospective, Randomized Analysis of Epidural Anesthesia Using Programmed Intermittent Epidural Boluses Versus Continuous Epidural Infusion in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery. [NCT03307174]	Phase 4	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-04-14	Completed
Caudal Versus Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate In The Prevention OF Emergence Agitation After Sevoflurane Anesthesia For Lower Abdominal Surgeries In Children. [NCT03846284]		93 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-08	Active, not recruiting
A Randomized, Control Study to Evaluate Dosing Strategies for Automated Mandatory Intermittent Boluses Technique for Epidural Labour Analgesia [NCT01205360]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-08-31	Withdrawn
A Phase-4, Multicenter, Randomized, Active-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of EXPAREL When Administered Via Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block Versus Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block With Continuous Infusion of Ropivacaine Per Standard of [NCT03955458]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-08-26	Withdrawn(stopped due to Recruitment difficulties)
Analgesic Efficacy of Ultrasound-guided Single Shot Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block After Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass. [NCT01308554]	Phase 4	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-02-28	Completed
General vs. Intrathecal Anesthesia Fort Total Knee Arthroplasty; a Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT01312298]		120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-08-31	Completed
The Time Required to Remain Sitting After Spinal Anesthesia for 50% of Patients to Not Experience Hypotension [NCT01561274]	Phase 2	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Completed
Bupivacaine in the Treatment of Postoperative Pain of Impacted Third Molar Extraction. A Randomized Clinical Trial. [NCT03950700]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-06-01	Completed
Short-term Efficacy of Stellate Ganglion Block to Reduce Hot Flushes [NCT03756272]		76 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-01	Completed
A Comparative Study Between Lumbar Epidural Analgesia Versus Local Analgesia With Dexmedetomidine Infusion in Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy [NCT05850455]		78 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-05-20	Completed
Erector Spinae Plane Block for Congenital Hip Dislocation Surgery: Randomized Controlled Double Blind Study [NCT03949686]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-04-22	Completed
Periarticular Injection With Bupivacaine For Post-Operative Pain Control In Total Knee Replacement: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial [NCT01364194]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-03-31	Completed
Comparative Study Between Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine for Post-operative Epidural Analgesia in Abdominal Surgeries [NCT05323214]	Phase 4	75 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-08-01	Recruiting
A Comparative Study Between Dexamethasone and Ketamine as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine for Incisional Infiltration in Pediatric Abdominal Operations [NCT05190952]		150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-12-05	Completed
Comparative of Postoperative Pain Control at 24 and 48 Hours Between Intrathecal 0.1 mg. of Morphine or Local Infiltration of 20 ml. of 0.25% Bupivacaine in Patients Post Hip Hemiarthroplasty Under Spinal Anesthesis [NCT01219062]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to Surgeon team were not happy with the study protocol, the periarticular injection of local anesthetics)
Clinical Evolution of Hemiparetic Shoulder Pain With a Capsular Pattern in a Subacute Stroke Population Following Physiotherapy Coupled With Cortisone Infiltration and Mild Arthrographic Distension Versus Physiotherapy Alone : A Pragmatic Study [NCT05845125]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-05-31	Not yet recruiting
The Effect of Surgical Repair of Chest on Postural Stability Among Patients With Pectus Excavatum [NCT05844800]		43 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-01-31	Completed
Mepivacaine vs. Bupivacaine Spinal: Effect on Return of Motor Function, Time to Ambulation, and Length of Stay in Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT05765682]		160 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-13	Recruiting
The Effects of Anesthetic Method on Cerebral Oxygen Saturation in Geriatric Patients Undergoing Transurethral Surgery [NCT01147146]		64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-06-30	Completed
Preoperative Peripheral Nerve Blocks Attenuate Intraoperative Surgical Stress and Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery [NCT03913650]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-05-15	Completed
Ultrasound Guided Fascia Iliaca Nerve Block With Bupivacaine and Adjuvant Ketamine vs. Bupivacaine Alone in Patients With Hip or Femur Fracture: a Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial (BupiKet) [NCT03909594]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-01-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to The COVID Pandemic delayed start of study and currently the investigators are not interested in conducting the study.)
Intrathecal Injection of Pethidine and Dexamethasone Versus Intrathecal Injection of Bupivacaine in Lower Extremity Orthopedic Surgeries: Comparative Study [NCT05303311]	Phase 2/Phase 3	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-01-15	Active, not recruiting
Double-blind Comparison of Intrapleural Bupivacaine and Saline for Ipsilateral Shoulder Pain After Thoracotomy in Patients Receiving Thoracic Epidural Analgesia [NCT03862404]	Phase 4	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-07-01	Completed
Bupivacaine Versus Lidocaine Infiltration for Postoperative Pain in Thyroid Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04427904]	Phase 2	210 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-06-01	Recruiting
Norepinephrine for Management of Post-spinal Anesthesia Hypotension During Cesarean Delivery: a Comparison of Two Bolus Doses [NCT03792906]	Phase 4	110 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-18	Completed
A 12-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Bupivacaine TTS (Bupivacaine Patch) in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain [NCT01096966]	Phase 2	263 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-03-31	Completed
Comparison of Erector Spinae Plane Block With Transversus Abdominus Plane Block for Peri-operative Pain Management in Pediatric Open Pyeloplasty Cases [NCT03790566]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-02-20	Recruiting
COMPARISON OF TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS PLANE BLOCK, LOCAL ANESTHETIC INJECTION TO THE PORT SITES AND INTRAPERITONEAL LOCAL ANESTHESIA APPLICATIONS IN POSTOPERATIVE PAIN MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH LAPAROSCOPIC APPENDECTOMY [NCT03790020]	Phase 4	3 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-11-01	Completed
Parallel Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics, Dose Proportionality, Safety and Tolerability of GTX-101 (Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Metered Dose Spray) and Subcutaneous Injectable Bupivacaine in Healthy Subjects [NCT05517486]	Phase 1	48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-07-26	Active, not recruiting
Determination of ED50 and ED95 of Isobaric Bupivacaine for Post-Partum Bilateral Tubal Ligation [NCT03779568]		33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-02-25	Completed
Role of Adjuvant Dexamethasone for Erector Spinae Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Total Abdominal Hysterectomy: A Randomized, Double-blind Controlled Trial [NCT03769818]		150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-01	Completed
Bladder Capacity as an Objective Measure of Response to Intravesical Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Interstitial Cystitis: a Prospective, Randomized Trial [NCT05223244]	Phase 4	83 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-10-01	Completed
Effect of Addition of 0.5 Mol/L Mannitol to 0.5% Bupivacaine on IANB Success and Post-endodontic Pain in Mandibular Molars With Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT03749408]	Phase 2/Phase 3	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-12-31	Completed
Effects of a Surgical Site Injection on Pain Scores and Narcotic Use After Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery [NCT03693404]	Phase 4	190 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-12-01	Completed
Spinal Anesthesia in Caesarean Section: Comparison Between Levobupivacaine and Hyperbaric Bupivacaine [NCT03743870]		250 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2018-06-01	Recruiting
Pediatric Postoperative Analgesia With Quadratus Lumborum Block And Dexamethasone As An Adjuvant In Two Routes With Bupivacaine. Prospective Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT04963816]		3 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-06-16	Completed
Prolonging the Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block by Adding Liposomal Bupivacaine or Preservative Free Dexamethasone to Bupivacaine: a Non-inferiority Trial [NCT04047446]	Phase 4	112 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-07-11	Completed
Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Liposomal Bupivacaine to Bupivacaine Interscalene Blocks for Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Surgery; a Pilot Study [NCT03587636]	Phase 2	77 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-09-17	Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing a Periarticular Injection to a Popliteal Block for Pain Control in Ankle/Hindfoot Osteotomy or Fusion and Ankle Fractures [NCT04575688]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-07-13	Enrolling by invitation
A Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of EXPAREL for Postsurgical Analgesia in Pediatric Subjects Aged 6 to Less Than 17 Years [NCT03682302]	Phase 3	98 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-04-02	Completed
Comparison of Intra-articular Dexmedetomidine and Magnesium in Postoperative Pain [NCT03479216]	Phase 4	62 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-26	Completed
Transmuscular Quadratus Lumborum Block Plus Pericapsular Injection vs Pericapsular Injection for Patients Undergoing Primary Hip Arthroscopy [NCT04353414]	Phase 4	104 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-08-01	Completed
Interscalene Block With and Without Liposomal Bupivacaine in Shoulder Surgery [NCT03728946]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-11-21	Completed
Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery Intercostal Nerve Block Trial - Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Standard Bupivacaine [NCT03508830]	Phase 3	91 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-12-30	Completed
Concentration-Volume Relationship of Bupivacaine in Femoral Nerve Block Efficiency for Postoperative Analgesia in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Double Blind Clinical Trial [NCT03623230]	Phase 4	63 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-10	Completed
Continuous Infusion of Local Anesthetic for Optimal Post Operative Pain Control Following Hemorrhoidectomy: A Randomized Double-blind Controlled Trial [NCT01099605]	Phase 4	42 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-04-30	Recruiting
A Phase 2b, Randomized, Double-Blind, Saline Placebo- and Active-Controlled, Multicenter Study of HTX-011 Via Infiltration for Postoperative Analgesia in Subjects Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT03015532]	Phase 2	285 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-13	Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double Blinded, Active Controlled, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of EXPAREL Admixed With Bupivacaine vs. Bupivacaine Only Administered as Combined Sciatic (in Popliteal Fossa) and Adductor [NCT03954639]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-06-15	Withdrawn(stopped due to Sponsor Decision.)
Ilioinguinal/Iliohypogastric vs. Quadratus Lumborum Nerve Blockade for Elective Open Inguinal Herniorrhaphy [NCT03007966]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-30	Completed
Anesthesia With Peribulbar Block: Lidocaine-bupivacaine vs Lidocaine-bupivacaine-fentanyl [NCT03713762]	Phase 3	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-10-01	Completed
Prospective Comparative Study Between Ultrasound-guided Continuous Erector Spinae Plane Block and the Use of Intravenous Patient Controlled Analgesia for Management of Pain in Patients With Multiple Fracture Ribs [NCT05975294]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-08-31	Not yet recruiting
Single Injection Interscalene Brachial Plexus Nerve Block With Adjuvants vs. Liposomal Bupivacaine Interscalene Brachial Plexus Nerve Block for Total Shoulder Arthroplasty [NCT03845894]	Phase 4	25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-03-03	Terminated(stopped due to feasibility)
A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) Comparing Presacral Nerve Block Versus Sham Block on Post-operative Pain in Women Undergoing Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy. [NCT03646006]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-08-01	Recruiting
Prospective Study of Liposomal Bupivacaine for Pain Control of Split Thickness Skin Graft Donor Sites [NCT03854344]	Phase 4	75 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-03-18	Recruiting
Interscalene Single Shot With Plain Bupivacaine Versus Liposomal Bupivacaine for Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery [NCT03638960]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-02-21	Recruiting
ED50 and ED95 of Intrathecal Bupivacaine With or Without Epinephrine for Total Knee Replacement Arthroplasty [NCT01264575]		162 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-12-31	Completed
Is Lidocaine Really Guilty? A Prospective, Randomized, Double Blind Comparison of the Incidence of TNS After Intrathecal Lidocaine Administration vs. Intrathecal Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia [NCT03862287]		160 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-11-01	Recruiting
Single-Shot Liposomal Bupivacaine vs. Liposomal Bupivacaine Combined With Dexamethasone Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT06006624]	Phase 4	154 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-08-21	Enrolling by invitation
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Single Dose Liposomal Bupivacaine Delivered Via VATS Intercostal Nerve Block vs. Continuous Bupivacaine Infusion Delivered Via Indwelling Subscapular Catheter After Surgical Stabilization of Rib Fractures [NCT03305666]	Phase 4	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-05	Completed
Adding Ketamine to Low Dose Bupivacaine in Saddle Block for Perianal Surgery [NCT03264430]	Early Phase 1	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-01	Active, not recruiting
Does the Use of Bupivacaine Soaked Vaginal Packing Following Vaginal Surgery Decrease Postoperative Pain? [NCT03266926]		140 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2017-02-01	Completed
Comparison Between Epidural and Patient Controlled Analgesia on Immunological and Inflammatory Systems Following Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy [NCT01367418]	Phase 3	26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-09-30	Completed
Preoperative Analgesia by Infiltration of the Pudendal Nerve Prior to Sacrospinous Ligament Suspension: The PAIN-S Trial [NCT04733560]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-04-01	Recruiting
Combined Colloids And Crystalloids Versus Crystalloids in Women With Preeclampsia Undergoing Cesarean Delivery Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03252496]		140 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-19	Completed
Efficacy of Regional Analgesia Techniques (Quadratus Lumborum Block and Transversus Abdominis Plane Block) in Acute and Chronic Pain Treatment in Patients After Cesarean Delivery [NCT03244540]	Phase 4	105 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-04	Completed
Preoperative Interscalene Nerve Block Plus Postoperative Local Intra-operative Analgesic Injection vs Preoperative Interscalene Nerve Block Plus Postoperative Saline Injection in Patients Undergoing Shoulder Arthroplasty: a Randomized Trial [NCT03253198]		156 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Completed
Fixed Dose Versus Height - Adjusted Dose of Intrathecal Hyperbaric Bupivacaine With Opioid for Cesarean Delivery: a Prospective Double-blinded Randomized Trial [NCT03231436]		140 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-07-24	Completed
The Effect of Caudal Anesthesia Block on Perioperative Pain Control and Reduction of the Anesthetic Agent in Pediatric Infra-umbilical Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Trial Study [NCT05581940]		72 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2020-01-05	Completed
Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Caudal Block in Inguinal Hernia Repair Surgery in Pediatrics [NCT03701126]		44 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-11-01	Not yet recruiting
A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics and Safety Study of CA-008 in Subjects Undergoing Complete Abdominoplasty [NCT03789318]	Phase 2	54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-12-03	Completed
Liposomal Bupivacaine Reduces Opiate Consumption After Rotator Cuff Repair in a Randomized Control Trial [NCT03692546]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-02-01	Completed
Randomized Control Trial of Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Block Versus Shoulder Periarticular Anesthetic Infiltration for Pain Control After Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery [NCT03691922]		62 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-07-06	Completed
Effect of Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus Delivery Rate on the Quality of Labour Analgesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT03712735]	Phase 4	390 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-10-23	Completed
The Effect Of Erector Spinae Plane Block On Postoperative Pain Management In Lumbar Disc Hernia Repair Operation [NCT03744689]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-10-01	Completed
A Comparative Study of Fractionated Vs Single Dose Injection for Spinal Anesthesia During Caesarean Section in Patients With Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension [NCT03693638]		42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-01-01	Completed
Analgesic Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine in Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT02426164]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to Could not receive facility approval)
Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial of Erector Spinae Plane Blocks (ESPB) for Perioperative Pain Management for Minimally Invasive (MIS) Lumbar Spine Surgery [NCT05029726]	Phase 4	125 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-02-01	Recruiting
Height Adjusted Versus Standardized Dose of Bupivacaine in Spinal Anesthesia for Caesarean Delivery - A Randomized Double-blind Interventional Study [NCT05233462]		250 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-02-01	Not yet recruiting
Prospective Randomized Trial of EUS Guided Celiac Plexus Block for Chronic Pancreatitis [NCT02399800]		1 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-12-31	Terminated(stopped due to Low enrollment)
Effects of Local Wound Infiltration With Ketamine Versus Dexmedetomidine Added to Bupivacaine on Inflammatory Cytokines Response After Total Abdominal Hysterectomy [NCT03164590]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-06-01	Completed
Effectiveness of Corticosteroid vs. Ketorolac Shoulder Injections: A Prospective Double-Blinded Randomized Trial [NCT04115644]	Phase 4	82 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-05-01	Terminated(stopped due to Covid-19 and we failed to submit annual report for 2017 and 2018)
A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Intrathecal Chloroprocaine vs. Bupivacaine for Cervical Cerclage [NCT03305575]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-13	Completed
Liposomal Bupivicaine (Exparel) for Pain Control During Care of Rib Fractures [NCT02390440]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to Did not obtain an IND.)
Hemodynamic Stability of Bupivacaine With and Without Adrenaline for Paracervical Block for Cervical Conization During General Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Double Blinded Study [NCT02368054]	Phase 4	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Completed
Does the Use of a Nerve Stimulator Improve the Outcome of Ultrasound-Guided Supraclavicular Block (Anesthesia) for Upper Extremity Surgery? [NCT03112642]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Recruiting
Effect of Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Caudal Block for Post-operative Analgesia in Children Undergoing Congenital Inguinal Hernia Repair [NCT04926454]	Phase 1/Phase 2	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-09-22	Recruiting
The Effect of Adding Ketorolac to Bupivacaine in Superficial Cervical Plexus Block in Thyroid Surgery. [NCT05180214]	Phase 2	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-01-17	Completed
Treatment of Headache With Occipital Nerve Blocks: Comparison Trial of Anesthetic With or Without Dexamethasone [NCT05732532]	Phase 4	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-02-17	Recruiting
Multimodal Intrathecal Analgesia for Cesarean Section [NCT05186454]	Phase 2	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-05-23	Recruiting
Spinal Anesthesia for Enhanced Recovery After Liver Surgery [NCT03715517]		128 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-10-04	Recruiting
Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Comparison of Local Anesthetic Infusion Pump Versus DepoFoam Bupivacaine For Pain Management After Abdominoplasty and TRAM Flap Breast Reconstruction. [NCT02542956]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-10-31	Withdrawn
Perioperative Respiratory and Analgesic Effects of Ultrasound-Guided Extrafascial Versus Intrafascial Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Shoulder Arthroscopy [NCT05222334]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-02-01	Not yet recruiting
Wound Infiltration With Liposomal Bupivacaine With or Without Intrathecal Analgesia in Laparotomy for Gynecological Malignancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04258631]	Phase 4	104 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-07-09	Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double Blind, Saline Placebo and Active Controlled, Multicenter Study of HTX 011 Via Local Administration for Postoperative Analgesia and Decreased Opioid Use Following Unilateral Simple Bunionectomy [NCT03295721]	Phase 3	412 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-24	Completed
Effect of Unilateral Ultrasound-Guided Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy [NCT03856788]	Phase 4	43 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-12-10	Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double Blind, Saline Placebo and Active Controlled, Multicenter Study of HTX 011 Via Local Administration for Postoperative Analgesia and Decreased Opioid Use Following Unilateral Open Inguinal Herniorrhaphy [NCT03237481]	Phase 3	418 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-07-31	Completed
The Hemodynamic Effects of Different Volumes of Bupivacaine 0.25% Caudal Blocks in Pediatrics Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgeries as Measured by Electrical Cardiometry: A Randomized Controlled Study [NCT05133687]	Phase 3	105 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-11-01	Completed
Comparison of Intrathecal Versus Epidural Fentanyl: Effect of Neuraxial Route of Administration on Fetal Bradycardia in Labor Combined Spinal Epidural Analgesia [NCT03623256]	Phase 4	558 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-10-28	Recruiting
Pudendal Block Using Liposomal Bupivacaine vs. Standard Treatment During Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation: a Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT03664986]	Phase 4	88 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-09-24	Recruiting
The Effect of Liposomal Bupivacaine on Post Operative Pain and Narcotic Use After Bariatric Surgery [NCT03196505]	Phase 4	231 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-12-04	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of EXPAREL When Administered Via Infiltration Into the Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Versus Bupivacaine Alone in Subjects Undergoing Elective Cesarean [NCT03176459]	Phase 4	186 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-06-01	Completed
Comparison of General Anesthesia and Combined General Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia on End Tidal Volatile Anesthetic Concentration in Cases Which Depth of Anesthesia is Adjusted Using Entropy Monitoring; A Prospective Trial [NCT04203290]		44 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-12-19	Completed
Continuous Epidural Fentanyl Infusion Step-down Tapering Dose; Sole Intraoperative Analgesic Modality for Precious Single Kidney Patient. [NCT03606902]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-04-10	Completed
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine Versus Hyperbaric Prilocaine 2% for Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia: a Randomised Clinical Trial [NCT02973048]	Phase 3	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-12	Completed
Subrectal and Subcutaneous Wound Infiltration With Bupivacaine Versus Pethidine for Postcesarean Section Pain Relief: a Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT03652116]	Phase 2/Phase 3	78 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-04-21	Completed
Combined Platelet Rich Plasma Intra-articular Shoulder Injection and Stellate Ganglion Block. A New Technique for Management of Chronic Post-mastectomy Shoulder Pain Syndrome [NCT03586154]	Phase 4	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-01	Completed
Protocol for a Single Center Randomized Controlled Trial of Liposomal Bupivacaine Intercostal Nerve Blockade Versus Continuous Thoracic Epidural for Regional Analgesia in Patients With Multiple Rib Fractures [NCT03574376]	Phase 4	258 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-08-29	Recruiting
Ultrasound-guided (US) Serratus Anterior Plane Block (SAPB) for Acute Rib Fractures in the Emergency Department (ED) [NCT03619785]	Phase 4	70 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-11-06	Recruiting
Effects of Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB) on Vasomotor Symptoms in Women Receiving Anti-Estrogen Therapy for Breast Cancer [NCT02513329]	Phase 2	37 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
A DOUBLE-BLIND RANDOMIZED TRIAL ASSESSING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TYPE OF LOCAL ANESTHESIA TREATMENT AND POSTOPERATIVE PAIN IN PATIENTS IN HAVING UNDERGONE ARRHYTHMIA SURGERY [NCT01300377]		300 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-11-30	Completed
Phase IV, Randomized, Parallel Designed, Single Blinded Study, Comparing the Standard and Minidose Spinal Anesthesia Using Marcaine Spinal 0.5% Heavy With Addition of Fentanyl During Cesarean Section [NCT01303731]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-02-28	Not yet recruiting
Effect of the Addition of Dexmedetomidine to Bupivacaine During Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Blockade for Forearm Surgery. [NCT02049970]	Phase 4	44 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Completed
Caudal Extradural Catheterization in Pediatric Renal Transplant: Effect on Perioperative Hemodynamics and Pain Scoring. [NCT02037802]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-31	Completed
Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Thoracic Epidural Block as Analgesic Techniques for Chest Trauma [NCT03797079]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-20	Completed
A Non-Inferiority Phase 3 Comparative Study Between a Heavy Levobupivacaine in 50% Enantiomeric Excess (Bupivacaine S75:R25) and Heavy Racemic Bupivacaine for Cesarean Operation [NCT01303107]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional		Withdrawn(stopped due to The Sponsor has no interest in continuing the study.)
A Randomized, Multi-center, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of Paracervical Block Before Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy for Postoperative Pain Control (PALAPA): [NCT03792009]		86 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-02-21	Recruiting
Dual TAP Block Characteristics - Evaluation of Local Anesthetic Distribution by MR Scanning [NCT01305603]		10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-02-28	Completed
Local Sensory Nerve Block in the Treatment of Vestibular Migraine [NCT05472675]		36 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-06-01	Recruiting
Randomized Trial Comparing Bupivacaine vs Lipossomic Extended Release Bupivacaine for Postoperative Pain Control After Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery [NCT03560362]	Phase 1/Phase 2	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-07-09	Recruiting
Trigger-point Blockade in Persistent Pain After Laparoscopically Assisted Groin Hernia Repair [NCT02065804]	Phase 3	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-10-31	Completed
Role of Co-administered Dexmedetomidine Or Clonidine With Bupivacaine for Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Patients Undergoing Elective Caesarean Section: A Randomized, Double-blind Controlled Trial [NCT03770013]		150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-01	Completed
Application of Combined Lumbar Plexus and Sciatic Nerve Block in Unilateral Knee Replacement [NCT02084368]	Phase 4	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Completed
Intrathecal Plain Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine and Levo-bupivacaine With or Without Fentanyl for Elective c Section. [NCT01582607]	Phase 2/Phase 3	130 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-01-31	Recruiting
Daily Activity Quantification and Gait Pattern Analysis Before and After Intra-articular Injection of Viscosupplement Among Hip Osteoarthritis Patients [NCT02086474]	Phase 4	38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Completed
Comparative Evaluation of Different Doses of Magnesium Sulphate in Oblique Subcostal TAP Block for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: a Randomized Double-blind Controlled Study [NCT06148168]	Phase 2/Phase 3	72 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-01	Not yet recruiting
Pre-Operative Stellate Ganglion to Prevent Post-Operative Atrial Fibrillation [NCT05656170]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-10-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to Unable to begin study)
Effectiveness of Corticosteroid vs Ketorolac Shoulder Injections: a Prospective Double-Blinded Randomized Trial [NCT04895280]	Phase 4	400 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-04-30	Not yet recruiting
Effectiveness of Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Quadratus Lumborum Technique in Patients After Cesarean Section [NCT02804126]	Phase 4	232 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-06-01	Completed
Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus for Labor Analgesia During First Stage of Labor: A Sequential Allocation Trial to Determine the Optimum Interval Time Between Boluses of a Fixed Volume of 2.5ml of Bupivacaine 0.25% Plus Fentanyl 8 mcg/ml [NCT03735771]		20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-12-03	Completed
Clinical Trial With Lozenges as Local Anesthetic Treatment for Head/Neck Cancer Patients With Oral Mucositis [NCT02252926]	Phase 2	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Completed
[NCT02253784]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-10-31	Completed
A Phase 1b/2, Randomized, Blinded, Active-Controlled Study of Escalating Doses of HTX-034 for Postoperative Analgesia in Subjects Undergoing Unilateral, First Metatarsal Bunionectomy With Osteotomy and Internal Fixation [NCT04398329]	Phase 1/Phase 2	73 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-05-18	Completed
Evaluation of Abdominal Wall Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine for Post-Operative Analgesia in Donor Nephrectomy [NCT03294109]	Phase 4	146 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-01-01	Completed
Analgesic Effect of Intrathecal Morphine Combined With Low Dose Local Anesthetics on Postoperative Analgesia After Liver Resection: A Randomized, Controlled Preliminary Study [NCT05208801]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-11-19	Completed
Postoperative Analgesic Effects of Dexmedetomidine Added to Bupivacaine for Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Lower Abdominal Surgery [NCT02064530]	Phase 4	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-02-28	Completed
Erector Spinae Plane Block Impact on Quality of Recovery After Lumbar Spinal Decompression Surgery; a Comparative Study Between Addicts and Non-addicts [NCT04943549]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-06-01	Completed
Erector Spinae Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Study [NCT03627897]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-08-01	Completed
Preemptive Nebulized Bupivacaine for Pain Control After Cleft Palate Repair in Children: A Randomized Double Blind Controlled Trial [NCT04928352]	Phase 3	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-14	Recruiting
Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) for Postoperative Pain Control for Open and Laparoscopic Abdominal Hernia Repair [NCT02128646]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
Success of External Cephalic Version With Immediate Spinal Anesthesia Versus Spinal Anesthesia When Attempt Without Anesthesia Has Failed: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03106753]	Phase 4	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-04-12	Terminated(stopped due to Interim analysis to assess concern for spinal anesthesia and increased cesarean delivery rate.)
A Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Trial of the Effects of Infusing Local Anesthesia on Post-operative Pain During Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair [NCT02055053]	Phase 4	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Completed
Selective Unilateral Spinal Anesthesia Versus Selective Sensory Spinal Anesthesia for Knee Arthroscopy Surgery [NCT01356797]	Phase 4	54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Completed
The Effect of Intraperitoneal Injection of Magnesium Sulphate Versus Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine on Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Aortic Surgery [NCT05577260]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-10-01	Enrolling by invitation
Evaluation of Variation of Ventilation and Pulmonary Aeration Using Electrical Impedance Tomography in Patients With Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block for Shoulder Surgery [NCT03577860]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-05-17	Recruiting
Randomized Control Trial for an Opioid Free Analgesic Pathway Post Cesarean Delivery [NCT03545516]	Phase 2	540 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-09-17	Not yet recruiting
General Anesthesia With or Without Local Ear Block in Middle Ear Surgeries; A Randomised, Double-blind Trial [NCT03569046]		80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-06	Completed
Para-Vertebral Dexmedetomidine in Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgeries for Acute and Chronic Pain Prevention; A Randomized Double Blinded Clinical Trial [NCT03632161]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-02-01	Completed
Laparoscopically Guided Rectus Sheath Block in Pediatric Appendicitis - a Randomized Control Trial [NCT04717193]	Phase 2	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-05-28	Recruiting
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Combined Spinal Epidural Versus Dural Puncture Epidural Techniques for Labor Analgesia [NCT05068661]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-11-21	Recruiting
Efficacy of Median Nerve Hydrodissection by Hyalase Versus Midazolam in the Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomized, Clinical Trial. [NCT05344495]	Early Phase 1	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-01-10	Recruiting
Can Caudal Dexmedetomidine Provide Effective Analgesia During Pediatric Inguinoscrotal Surgery? [NCT05902780]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-01	Not yet recruiting
The Analgesic Effect of Continuous Subacromial Bupivacaine Infusion After Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01377415]		90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-01-31	Completed
Prospective, Randomized Comparison of Postoperative Pain Control Results of Peri-articular Local Injection and Intra-capsular Injectinon of Bupivacaine Liposome Injectable Suspension After Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT02166632]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
Bupivicaine Extended-Release Liposome Injection Versus Marcaine for Early Post-Operative Pain Control Following Wrist Operations [NCT02052180]		70 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-05-31	Enrolling by invitation
[NCT01378949]		90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-09-30	Not yet recruiting
Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Thoracic Paravertebral Block on Postoperative Pain for Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery [NCT03538496]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-12-01	Completed
Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Intercostal Nerve Block For Postoperative Pain Control in Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Prospective, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03902782]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-06-26	Recruiting
Can Topical Administration of Bupivacaine Reduce Pain After Tonsillectomy? [NCT04825704]	Phase 3	84 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-10-27	Completed
The Effect of BMI on Median Effective Dose (ED50) of Intrathecal Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for Total Knee Replacement Arthroplasty [NCT01291186]		108 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-01-31	Completed
Development of Effective, Opioid Sparing Techniques for Peri-operative Pain Management of Transgender Patients Undergoing Gender Affirming Surgeries [NCT04979338]	Phase 3	640 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-11-11	Recruiting
Analgesic Effect Of Intra-articular Dexamethasone Versus Fentanyl Added as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine for Postoperative Pain Relief in Knee Arthroscopic Surgery [NCT03847792]		87 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-31	Completed
How Low Can we go: A Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare Bupivacaine 5 mg and Bupivacaine 7.5 mg for Spinal Anesthesia in Cesarian Delivery in Indonesian Population [NCT03834454]		112 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-10-01	Completed
Comparison of Bupivacaine vs Lidocaine on Inflammatory Regulation Following Endodontic Surgery: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT01060774]	Phase 4	11 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-07-31	Completed
The Effect of Bupivacaine (Marcaine) in Reducing Early Post Tonsillectomy Pain [NCT01582022]	Phase 4	0 participants	Interventional		Not yet recruiting
A Placebo-controlled, Double-blinded, Randomized Pilot Study of Bupivacaine Liposome Injectable Suspension (EXPAREL) for Minimally Invasive Supracervical Hysterectomies Postsurgical Analgesia [NCT03769714]	Phase 4	56 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-10-01	Recruiting
Role of Co-administered Dexamethasone in Transversus Abdominis Plane Block After Cesarean Section: A Randomized, Double-blind Controlled Trial [NCT03767920]		120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-01	Completed
[NCT01040273]	Phase 2/Phase 3	0 participants	Interventional	2009-12-31	Not yet recruiting
A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Effectiveness of a Single Shot of Liposomal Bupivicaine for Reducing Post-operative Pain and Narcotic Use in Outpatient Rotator Cuff Surgery [NCT03822182]	Phase 4	78 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-10-24	Completed
Comparison Between Ipack Block and Periarticular Infiltration in Total Knee Arthroplasty - a Randomized Control Trial [NCT03653416]	Phase 4	99 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-01	Completed
Laparoscopic Assisted Plane Block (LAPB) Trial: Bupivacaine Versus Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Standard Local Anesthesia for Post-operative Analgesia [NCT03730402]	Phase 4	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-02-04	Terminated(stopped due to There were not enough attendings/residents working on the study throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in order to enroll the number of patients required to meet statistical significance.)
Comparing Liposomal Bupivacaine to Bupivacaine Interscalene Blocks for Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03587584]	Phase 4	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-25	Completed
Dexmedetomidine for Programed Intermittent Epidural Boluses Versus Continuous Epidural Infusion for Labour Epidural Analgesia: A Randomized Controlled Double-blind Trial [NCT05781854]	Phase 2/Phase 3	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-05-01	Not yet recruiting
Analgesic Efficacy of Adding Dexmedetomidine VS Magnesium Sulphate as Adjuvants With Bupivacaine in Ultrasound-guided Erector Spinae Plane Block for Post Thoracotomy Pain [NCT05851768]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-05-15	Recruiting
A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled Study of the Effects of Stellate Ganglion Block on Neural Activity and Symptoms in Participants With Post-traumatic Stress Disorder [NCT05391971]	Phase 4	127 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-27	Recruiting
The Utility of Long-acting Local Anesthetic Agents in Reducing Post-operative Opioid Requirements Following Rhinoplasty: A Multi-institutional, Randomized, Single Blinded Clinical Trial [NCT04377204]	Early Phase 1	5 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-06-01	Completed
"Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Pain Relieve in Children Undergoing Inguinal Surgical Procedures: How Does it Compare With the Gold Standard Caudal Blockade" [NCT00970086]	Phase 4	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-08-31	Terminated(stopped due to Groin surgery was changed to a laparoscopic technique; recruitable patients ceased.)
Prospective Randomized Trial of Liposomal Versus Plain Bupivacaine in Minimally Invasive General Surgery Procedures [NCT02875288]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-12-31	Recruiting
Improving Combined Spinal-epidural Anesthesia for Decreasing Hypotension in Pregnant Women Without Prophylactical Prehydration and Vasopressors [NCT03497364]		930 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-05-01	Recruiting
Comparison of Conventional Dose Spinal Anesthesia With Low-dose Spinal Anesthesia and Femoral Blockade Combination in Outpatient Knee Arthroscopy [NCT02322372]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Completed
A Placebo-controlled (Part 1) or Active-controlled (Part 2) Trial of SABER® -Bupivacaine for the Management of Postoperative Pain Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (PERSIST) [NCT02574520]	Phase 3	399 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-11-30	Completed
Ultrasound Guided Dorsal Penile Block vs Neurostimulator Guided Pudendal Block in Children Undergoing Hypospadias Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial [NCT03496740]		36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-04-15	Completed
Infra-orbital Nerve Block for Post Operative Analgesia in Young Children Undergoing Pediatric Cleft Lip Surgery. [NCT02514980]	Phase 2/Phase 3	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-08-31	Completed
Analgesic Efficiency of Superficial Serratus Plane Block for Modified Radical Mastectomy and Axillary Lymph Node Disection: Randomized Controlled Study [NCT03341234]		48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-01	Completed
A Multicentre Double-blind Randomised Controlled Trial to Assess the Clinical- and Cost-effectiveness of Facet-joint Injections in Selected Patients With Non-specific Low Back Pain: a Feasibility Study [NCT03339362]	Phase 4	9 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
Comparative Study Between Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl as an Adjuvant to Intra-articular Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia After Knee Arthroscopy. [NCT04442906]		45 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-07-01	Completed
Inter-semispinal Plane (ISP) Block for Postoperative Analgesia Following Cervical Spine Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT06003933]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-03-03	Completed
Randomized Study Of Cranial Blocks For Postoperative Anesthesia To Reduce Pain And Postoperative Opioid Usage [NCT04749797]	Phase 4	11 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-09-02	Terminated(stopped due to PI left institution)
Comparison of the Analgesic Efficacy of Three Different Concentrations of Bupivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block in Hip Surgeries: Randomized Control Trial [NCT04442750]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-06-22	Recruiting
Ultrasound-assisted Versus Conventional Landmark-guided Paramedian Spinal Anesthesia in Elderly Patients [NCT03316352]		80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-24	Completed
Diluting With Cerebrospinal Fluid Versus Traditional Intrathecal Administration: Antishivering Effects [NCT02189655]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Withdrawn
An Analysis of the Functional Benefit, Narcotic Use and Time to Discharge Readiness Following the Implementation of a Comprehensive Pain Management Protocol for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT02474654]	Phase 4	220 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
Evaluation of Deep Topical Fornix Nerve Block Versus Topical Anaesthesia in Patients Undergoing Implantable Contact Lens Procedure [NCT02196441]		102 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-08-31	Not yet recruiting
Cardiovascular Effects of Intrathecal Hyperbaric Prilocaine or Bupivacaine in Surgery Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Multicenter Prospective Pilot Study Based on Non- Invasive Haemodynamic Monitoring [NCT05751148]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-22	Recruiting
A Randomized Controlled Trial of cryoSPHERE (CRYOS/CRYOS-L) Ablation of Intercostal Nerves for Post-Operative Pain Management in Opioid-Tolerant Patients Undergoing Robotic-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery [NCT05276258]		75 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-02-01	Enrolling by invitation
Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine in Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair [NCT03738696]	Phase 4	63 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-12-15	Completed
Evaluation of Local Anlagesia Into the Trocar Site During Operative Laparosocpy [NCT00728559]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-09-30	Not yet recruiting
Effective Pain Management During Shoulder Replacement Surgery With Either Continuous Ropivacaine Interscalene Nerve Block or Local Infiltration With EXPAREL After Single Shot Injection Ropivacaine Interscalene Nerve Block [NCT03474510]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-17	Withdrawn(stopped due to Investigator Decision)
Caudal Epidural Block Versus Topical Ketamine Application for Postoperative Pain Relief After Elective Inguinal Herniotomy [NCT02462174]	Phase 2/Phase 3	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Completed
The Influence of Bupivacaine Temperature on Supraclavicular Plexus Block Characteristics [NCT03265886]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-01	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial Comparing Local Infiltration Analgesia With EXPAREL to Local Infiltration Analgesia Without EXPAREL to Manage Postsurgical Pain Following Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT02713490]	Phase 4	140 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-04-18	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Analgesic Effect of the INL-001 Bupivacaine Hydrochloride (HCl) Collagen-Matrix Implant in Children 2 to <17 Years of Age Following Open Inguinal Herni [NCT03262688]	Phase 3	159 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-06-16	Recruiting
Spinal Morphine (0.05 mg) Provides an Effective Pain Control in Patients Undergoing Transurethral Resection of Prostate Gland- a Randomized Double-blinded Control Trial [NCT02458742]		80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Completed
Efficacy of Pain Management in Different Concentrations of Bupivacaine in Periarticular Injection and Plasma Concentrations of Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Bilateral Knee Arthroplasty [NCT03249662]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-27	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Low Dose Atracurium Added to Lidocaine, Bupivacaine and Hyaluronidase Mixture in Percaruncular Peribulbar Anesthesia for High Myopes Undergoing Phacoemulsification: A Randomized Controlled Trial. [NCT03243500]	Phase 4	91 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-01	Completed
Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel ® ) Plus 0.5% Bupivacaine HCL Versus 0.5% Bupivacaine HCL for Interscalene Nerve Block (ISB) for Patients Undergoing Total Shoulder Arthroplasty(TSA) [NCT03913091]	Phase 4	184 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-01	Completed
Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane(TAP) Block in Intensive Care Unit(ICU) for Postoperative Analgesia After Open Colon Resection: a Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03198338]		46 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-07-01	Recruiting
Pharmacokinetics and Breast Milk Excretion of Liposomal Bupivacaine After TAP Block in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section Delivery [NCT03526419]		30 participants (Actual)	Observational	2019-02-01	Completed
Hemodynamic Effects of Supine Position Versus Left Lateral Tilted Position During Cesarean Delivery: a Randomized Controlled Trial. [NCT03182114]	Phase 4	450 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-06-12	Recruiting
Optimal Injection Site for Serratus Anterior Plane Block in Reconstructive Breast Surgery (Randomized, Pilot Study) [NCT03183596]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-12-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Principal investigator determination)
The Use of Propofol/Ketamine Anesthesia With Bispectral Monitoring (PKA-BIS) Versus Inhalational Anesthetics in Rhytidoplasty - A Prospective, Double-blinded, Randomized Comparison Study [NCT02410460]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-09-30	Completed
Preventive Intramuscular Phenylephrine in Elective Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Tiral [NCT03507387]		99 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-04-01	Completed
Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Three Regional Anesthesia Regimens in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Double Blind Randomized Control Trial [NCT04257682]	Phase 4	135 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-09-30	Not yet recruiting
A Phase 4, Randomized, Open-Label Study of the Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of Bupivacaine HCl Following One of Two Routes of Administration in Subjects Undergoing Augmentation Mammoplasty [NCT03705065]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-09-19	Completed
Comparison Between Transversus Abdominis Plane Block and Wound Infiltration for Analgesia After Cesarean Delivery [NCT02691572]		80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-29	Completed
Fascia Iliaca Block for Analgesia in Unilateral Direct Anterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty [NCT03691337]	Phase 4	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-05-15	Completed
The Effect of Body Mass Index, Intra-abdominal Pressure, Abdominal Girth and Waist Circumference on Sensory Block Level After Single-shot Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section [NCT03164096]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-06-01	Recruiting
Understanding Disorder-specific Neural Pathophysiology in Laryngeal Dystonia and Voice Tremor [NCT05216770]	Early Phase 1	165 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-03-24	Recruiting
Use of Intrathecal Fentanyl and Development of Hyperalgesia in Patients Undergoing Elective Cesarean [NCT02387060]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-08-31	Recruiting
A Double Blinded Randomized Controlled Study of Topical Anaesthetics Oxybuprocaine Versus Bupivacaine 0.5% in Intravitreal Injections [NCT05069350]	Early Phase 1	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-09-01	Completed
A Phase 2B, Randomized, Controlled Study of HTX-011 Administered Via Pectoral Nerve Block in Subjects Undergoing Upper Extremity Surgery for Augmentation Mammoplasty [NCT03011333]	Phase 2	243 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-14	Completed
Effect of the Height of the Operating Table During Spinal Anesthesia [NCT02373410]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Recruiting
Adductor Canal Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) Versus Femoral Nerve Catheter for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Prospective Randomized Trial [NCT05161221]	Phase 3	154 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-12-06	Enrolling by invitation
Evaluation of the Analgesic Effect of Dexmedetomidine Versus Fentanyl as Adjuvants to Epidural Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spine Surgeries [NCT03463083]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-04	Completed
Caudal Dexmetedomedine Versus Magnesium in Orthopedic Pediatric Surgeries [NCT03460041]	Phase 4	36 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-12-01	Recruiting
Effect of Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block and the Perioperative Stress Response: Randomized Control Trial in Patient Undergoing Total Abdominal Hysterectomy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan [NCT03443271]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-17	Completed
Stellate Ganglion Block for Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial [NCT04727229]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-09-23	Completed
Efficiency of Erector Spinae Plane Block For Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Single Blind Study [NCT03652103]	Phase 4	64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-09-05	Completed
Onset and Duration of Forearm Nerve Blockade Performed With a Single Distal Injection Versus Sequential Injections at Distal and Proximal Locations Alongside the Nerves: A Blinded Randomized [NCT03649763]	Phase 4	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-07	Completed
Ultrasound-Guided Versus Conventional Method for Caudal Block in Children [NCT03427437]		275 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-02-01	Completed
Comparison of Thoracic Epidural and Intravenous Analgesia From the Perspective of Recovery of Respiratory Function at Early Post-thoracotomy Period in Lung Cancer Surgery [NCT03643757]		62 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-08-01	Completed
Prospective, Randomized, Blinded Comparison of Bupivacaine Versus Liposomal Bupivacaine For Breast Pain Management After Unilateral, Immediate Breast Reconstruction [NCT03393117]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to No accrual)
Bupivacaine For Postoperative Pain Control [NCT02353676]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Not yet recruiting
Comparison of the Effect of a Single Shot Saphenous Block With Plain Bupivacaine vs. Protracted Bupivacaine Mixture as a Supplement to Continuous Sciatic Catheter After Major Ankle and Foot Surgery [NCT02346110]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-30	Completed
Effect of Magnesium Sulfate When Added to TAP Block With Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. [NCT03612947]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-09-03	Completed
An Exploratory Phase I Randomized, Single-site, Double-blind, Active-controlled, Parallel-group, Single-administration, Dose-escalation Trial to Investigate the Safety and Tolerability of Neosaxitoxin Alone and in Combination With Bupivacaine (With and Wi [NCT03399435]	Phase 1	242 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-01-30	Terminated(stopped due to The sponsor decided to stop further dosing of healthy volunteers after reviewing the obtained efficacy data. The decision is not related to any safety concern.)
Laparoscopic Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia After Pediatric Laparoscopic Surgery. [NCT03388671]	Phase 2/Phase 3	44 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-12-25	Recruiting
Comparison of Transversalis Fascia Plane Block and Erector Spinae Plane Blocks in Cesarean Section [NCT05117307]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-12-01	Recruiting
Determining Plasma Bupivacaine Levels Following Pectoral Nerve Blocks: A Prospective Observational Study [NCT03059498]	Early Phase 1	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-06-06	Completed
Effects of Anesthetic Blockades on Pain Modulation in Migraine [NCT02188394]	Phase 2	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks Versus Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Resections: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02197988]		75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-12-03	Completed
The Effect of Protracted Saphenous Nerve and Obturator Nerve Block Versus Saphenous Nerve Block Versus Local Infiltration Analgesia on Opioid Consumption, Pain, Block Duration of Action and Mobilization After Total Knee Arthroplasty. [NCT02067078]	Phase 4	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-02-28	Completed
Erector Spinae Regional Anesthesia for Pain Control in the Emergency Department [NCT05794828]	Early Phase 1	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-15	Recruiting
Transabdominal Plane (TAP) Blocks for Inguinal Hernia Repairs [NCT05672680]	Phase 2/Phase 3	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-12-09	Completed
Ultrasound-guided Ilioinguinal/Iliohypogastric Nerve Block Compared to Posterior Quadratus Lumborum Block in Patients Undergoing Inguinal Hernia Repair [NCT05559437]	Phase 1	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-10-01	Completed
Evaluation of the Addition of Liposomal Bupivacaine to the Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) Block to Multilevel Lumbar Spinal Fusion Surgery [NCT05417113]	Phase 4	8 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-08-31	Enrolling by invitation
The Effects of Different Dose Levels of Peri-neural Dexmedetomidine on the Pharmacodynamic and Side Effects Profiles of Bupivacaine-induced Ultrasound-guided Femoral Nerve Block [NCT02089932]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-02-28	Completed
A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study on the Role of Restoring Liver-Diaphragm Surface Tension and Pain Control at Port Sites in Optimizing Pain Management Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy [NCT05214157]		804 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-03-20	Completed
Efficacy of Transnasal Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block Using TX360® Device for Children and Adolescents With Chronic Daily Headaches: A Single Center, Prospective, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled Study Assessing the Efficacy of the Transnasal S [NCT05213065]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-02-05	Not yet recruiting
The Effect of Liposomal Bupivacaine on the Quality of Recovery in Patients Undergoing Shoulder Arthroscopy [NCT04461028]	Phase 3	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-02-21	Recruiting
The Efficacy of Adding Dexmedetomidine Perineurally to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Fascia Iliaca Block Versus Intravenously Infused Dexmedetomidine on Hemodynamic Stability Intraoperatively and Postoperative Analgesia Following Hip Arthroscopy [NCT04917029]		88 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-05-18	Completed
Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Perioperative Intravenous Lidocaine for Postoperative Pain Control in Patients Undergoing Thoracotomy: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT04221880]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-09-29	Completed
Evaluation of Cardiac Arrhythmias in Patients Undergoing Kidney Cancer Surgery Depending on the Anaesthesia Method [NCT02988219]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-06-30	Completed
A Randomized Control Trial Comparing Analgesic Benefits of Ultrasound-guided Single vs Continuous Quadratus Lumborum Blocks vs Intrathecal Morphine for Post Cesarean Section Pain [NCT04368364]	Phase 4	3 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-05-22	Terminated(stopped due to Study was stopped early due to a conflicting study in the same patient population at the study location.)
[NCT02282774]	Phase 3	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-12-31	Completed
Ultrasound Guided Continuous Suprascapular Nerve Block With Oral Gabapentin For Pain Management In Patients With Frozen Shoulder [NCT05037994]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-04-01	Completed
Preoperative Paravertebral Block in Cancer Surgery of the Lung: ParaSOL a Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT04209868]	Phase 2/Phase 3	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-02-01	Recruiting
A Comparison Of Distal Peripheral Nerve Blockade Versus Traditional Proximal Approaches For Hand Surgery [NCT02112006]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
Serratus Plane Block for Postoperative Pain Control After Breast Surgery [NCT02865928]	Phase 4	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-09-05	Recruiting
Comparison of the ED95 Dose of 0.075% and 0.1% Bupivacaine for Labour Analgesia in Primigravida. [NCT02116842]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-12-31	Recruiting
To Determine the Effectiveness of Saddle Block vs Spinal Anesthesia in TURP [NCT05285800]	Phase 3	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-09-06	Completed
Intrathecal Atropine Versus Preoperative Intravenous Ondasetron for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Due to Intrathecal Morphine in Perineal Surgery [NCT05137288]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-12-01	Not yet recruiting
Pain Management in Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Insertion; Effectiveness of Bupivacaine, Ketorolac, Ketamine, vs Bupivacaine Alone in Reducing Postoperative Pocket Pain [NCT05575999]	Phase 1	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-04-30	Not yet recruiting
Bupivacaine Liposomal Injection (Exparel) for Postsurgical Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial [NCT02969187]	Phase 4	126 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Completed
An Open-label Safety and Pharmacokinetic Study of INL-001 in Adults Following Open Ventral Hernia Repair, Abdominoplasty, Open Abdominal Hysterectomy, Laparoscopic-assisted Colectomy, and Reduction Mammoplasty [NCT04785638]	Phase 3	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-04-14	Completed
Hemodynamic Safety of Isobaric Levobupivacaine Versus Isobaric Bupivacaine for Subarachnoid Anesthesia in Patients Over 65 Years Undergoing Hip Surgery [NCT03843970]	Phase 4	150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-06-14	Recruiting
Genicular Nerve Blocks for Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Knee Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05720949]	Phase 4	192 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-01-12	Recruiting
Comparison of the Analgesic Effects of Oblique Subcostal, Posterior or Dual Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy [NCT04693156]		71 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-02-01	Completed
Comparison Between the Analgesic Effects of Ultrasound-guided Unilateral Quadratus Lumborum Block (Lateral Approach) Versus Erector Spinae Plane Block in Patients Undergoing Unilateral Lower Abdominal Surgery [NCT05524038]		48 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-01	Recruiting
Clinical And Anatomic Study Of An Ultrasound-Guided Selective Block Of The Superior Trunk Of The Brachial Plexus. Description Of A New Approach [NCT03512990]		10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-04-09	Recruiting
Effects of Thoracic Paravertebral Blockade on Acute and Chronic Pain After Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - A Randomized, Clinical Trial [NCT02302586]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Completed
Evaluation of the Duration of Bupivacaine Spinal Block as the Primary Anesthetic for Orthopedic Procedures With and Without Epinephrine Wash [NCT02619409]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-11	Completed
A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of an Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block and Multimodal Analgesia With and Without Liposomal Bupivacaine for Postoperative Pain Control in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty [NCT05068960]	Phase 4	150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-03-01	Recruiting
Does Long-Acting Liposomal Bupivacaine Provide Improved Pain Relief Over Bupivicaine Alone in Carpal Tunnel Release? [NCT02141178]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to No IRB approval)
Comparative Study of Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine-Dexmedetomidine in Ultrasound Guided Serratus Plane Block for Patients Undergoing Modified Radical Mastectomy [NCT03498092]		150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-08-08	Completed
Evaluation of Pectoral Nerve Blocks II for Augmentation Mammoplasty Surgeries. Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Study [NCT03488888]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-11-03	Recruiting
Comparison Between Ultrasound-guided Pectoral Nerves Block Type II and Intercostobrachial Nerve Block as a Supplement to Supraclavicular Block for Anesthesia of Proximal Arteriovenous Access in End-stage Renal Disease Patients [NCT04988776]	Phase 1/Phase 2	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-02-01	Completed
Analgesic Efficacy of Adding SCB With Low Concentration Bupivacaine Combined With Dexamethasone to ACB and Periarticular Injection on Postoperative Pain After TKA: Randomized Controlled Study [NCT03486548]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-04-30	Not yet recruiting
Efficacy of Magnesium Sulfate Added to Bupivacaine in Suprascapular Nerve Block on Duration of Analgesia Following Shoulder Arthroscopy: a Prospective Randomized Controlled Study [NCT03602469]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-07-31	Not yet recruiting
A Multicenter, Double Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial of Levator Muscle Blocks Following Posterior Colporrhaphy Surgery to Reduce Post-operative Pain. [NCT03067168]		128 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-05-15	Active, not recruiting
Status Migrainosus - Differentiating Between Responders and Non-responders in the Setup of Real-life Clinical Practice [NCT03066544]	Phase 1/Phase 2	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Recruiting
The Effect of Local Wound Infiltration Versus Caudal Block on Wound Infection and Healing After Inguinal Herniotomy Paediatrics [NCT03563625]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-04	Completed
Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Multicentre Study [NCT02031510]	Phase 1/Phase 2	195 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Completed
The Value of Adding Pecto-intercostal Fascial Plane Block on the Postoperative Analgesia and Recovery Profile After Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery [NCT05774249]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-03-20	Completed
Dexmedetomidine Combined With Bupivacaine for Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Bupivacaine Alone for Postoperative Pain Control of Posterior Lumbosacral Spine Fixation Surgeries [NCT05590234]	Phase 1/Phase 2	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-11-15	Completed
Efficacy of Preventive Ketamine on Postoperative Pain: A Randomized, Double-blind Trial of Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy [NCT04908579]	Phase 4	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-15	Recruiting
Effect of Addition of Fentanyl or Dexamethasone or Both to Bupivacaine in Paravertebral Block for Patients Undergoing Major Breast Surgery [NCT03480308]		1 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-04-01	Recruiting
Evaluation of Postoperative Pain After Tension-free Obturator Tape Operation (TVT-O) With or Without Local Anesthetic [NCT03479996]		22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-11-13	Completed
Which Combination of Local Anesthesia is Superior for Postoperative Pain After Carpal Tunnel Surgery?: A Prospective Randomized Study. [NCT05697276]		82 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-09-13	Completed
Ultrasound Guided Modified Versus Conventional Serratus Anterior Plane Block as a Preemptive Analgesia for Unilateral Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery [NCT05661253]		99 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-12-02	Recruiting
A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel Group Study of the Efficacy and Safety of a Single Administration of F14 for Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Unilateral Total Knee Replacement [NCT05603832]	Phase 3	151 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-11-17	Active, not recruiting
Effects of Anesthetic Technique on Natural Killer Cell Population and Cytotoxicity [NCT02669186]		20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-07-10	Enrolling by invitation
A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Adductor Canal Catheter (ACC) and Local Infiltration of Analgesia (LIA) Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT02603900]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-31	Withdrawn
The Comparison Between Dexamethasone and Morphine as an Adjuvant to Epidural Bupivacaine for Post-operative Analgesia in Lower Extremity Surgery [NCT03051022]		64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-01	Completed
Comparing 1% Spinal Chloroprocaine to Low-dose Bupivacaine Using the Epidural Volume Extension Technique for Post-Partum Tubal Ligation [NCT03993314]	Phase 2	15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-08-13	Terminated(stopped due to Lack of recruitment due to COVID-19 pandemic; chloroprocaine shortage)
Hemodynamic Effects of Low Dose Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section [NCT02036697]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Terminated(stopped due to Difficulty with patient recruitment.)
Comparision of the Use in Marcaine and Chloroprocaine in Rachianesthesia for the Surgical Correction of Inguinal Hernia. [NCT02049255]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Completed
The Effect of Pre-incisional Anterior Scalp Block on Intraoperative Opioid Consumption in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Craniotomy to Remove Tumor: A Prospective Randomized Controlled [NCT02057367]	Phase 4	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-03-31	Completed
Adductor Canal Block: Single Injection vs Catheter for Pain Management of Total Knee Arthroplasty - A Randomized, Unblinded, Non-Inferiority Trial [NCT02798835]	Phase 4	180 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-07-31	Completed
Pilot Study of Liposomal Bupivacaine Redosing in Patients Undergoing Major Gynecologic Procedures: A Quality Improvement Project in Post-operative Pain [NCT04849858]	Phase 3	45 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-05-20	Recruiting
MIDCAB (Mid-Calf Block) for Foot Surgery: A Pilot Study [NCT05368012]	Phase 4	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-07-21	Completed
Comparison of Post-Operative Analgesia With Peri Tract Local Anesthesia Infiltration and Oral Analgesia Versus Post-Operative Intravenous Analgesia After Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy. [NCT04835116]	Phase 4	68 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-04-11	Completed
A Comparative Study Between the Effect of Addition of MgSO4 or Dexamethasone to Bupivacaine on the Prolongation of Ultrasound-guided Quadratus Lumboram Block [NCT05397236]		66 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-06-01	Completed
Evaluation of the Feasibility of Depomedrol Added to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound-guided Genicular Nerve Block in the Combination With Adductor Canal Block for Postoperative Analgesia and Rehabilitation After Reconstructive Knee Surgery. [NCT05893771]		48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-06-07	Completed
Investigating the Minimum Number of Needling Required to Optimize Trigger Point Injections Outcome [NCT04732507]	Phase 2	300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-04-20	Enrolling by invitation
A Phase 2, Randomized, Pilot Study to Investigate the Safety, Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of HTX-011, HTX-002, or HTX-009 Administered Via Injection and/or Topical Application Following Unilateral Open Inguinal Herniorrhaphy [NCT02504580]	Phase 2	463 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Quadratus Lumborum Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Children Undergoing Low Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03463382]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-12	Completed
Three-level Injection Paravertebral Block Using Paravertebral Catheter Compared to General Anesthesia in Mastectomy Surgery [NCT02065947]	Phase 1/Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-10-31	Completed
Analgesic Efficacy of Trans Abdominis Plane Block in Women Undergoing Cesarean Section: a Randomized Study. [NCT04809532]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-02-25	Recruiting
Efficacy of the Liposomal Bupivacaine for Postoperative Pain Control in Urologic Procedures [NCT02805504]	Phase 4	140 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-07-11	Completed
[NCT02076945]		75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-02-28	Completed
Anterior Ethmoidal Nerve Block in Prevention of Postoperative Agitation Following Nasal Surgeries With Nasal Packs Under General Anesthesia: A Double Blind Randomized Control Trial [NCT03427502]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-06-01	Completed
Comparison of Local Anesthetic Infiltration, Trasversalis Fascia Block or Spinal Anesthesia for Inguinal Hernia Repair [NCT03128216]		48 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-04-30	Not yet recruiting
Randomized Clinical Trial Examining Use of Adjunct EXPAREL for Post-tonsillectomy Pain Management in Adults [NCT03420638]	Phase 4	38 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-02-15	Recruiting
Ultrasound Guided Anterior Quadratus Lumborum Block for Postoperative Pain After Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03425162]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-02-12	Completed
Impact of Guideline Recommendations for Post-caesarean Analgesia on Pain, Nausea and Pruritus [NCT05659823]	Phase 4	108 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-11-02	Completed
Intrathecal Fentanyl Versus Intravenous Granisetron for the Prevention of Perioperative Nausea and Vomiting During Cesarean Delivery Under Spinal Anesthesia [NCT05474001]		90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-06-01	Recruiting
Single-injection Ultrasound-guided Erector Spinae Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Open Radical Prostatectomy: A Prospective Randomized Sham-controlled Trial [NCT04337060]		52 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-05-01	Completed
Evaluation of the Analgesic Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Local Anesthesia in Quadratus Lumborum Block After Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. [NCT04748224]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-02-02	Completed
Intraperitoneal Instillation of Bupivacaine With Either Magnesium Sulphate or Nalbuphine for Postoperative Pain Control in Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: a Prospective, Randomized, Double-blinded Trial. [NCT03393572]	Phase 4	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-01-03	Completed
Effect of Pregabalin or Adductor Canal Block on Postoperative Analgesia After Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACL) [NCT03530280]		51 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-06-01	Completed
The Effects of Single-dose Rectal Midazolam Application on Post-operative Recovery, Sedation, and Analgesia in Children Given Caudal Anesthesia Plus Bupivacaine [NCT02127489]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-06-30	Completed
Randomized Placebo-controlled Analysis of Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block for Neurogenic Cough [NCT04468542]	Phase 3	65 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-12	Recruiting
Speeding Recovery From Pain and Opioid Use After Mastectomy and Breast Reconstruction Surgery [NCT03388814]	Early Phase 1	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-11-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to Lack of Funding)
The Effects of Sufentanil or Morphine Added to Hyperbaric Bupivacaine in Spinal Anaesthesia for Elective Caesarean Section [NCT03386630]	Phase 4	66 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-28	Completed
Ultrasound-guided Transverses Abdominis Plane Block in Inguinal Herniorrhaphy: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT02299908]	Phase 4	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-11-30	Not yet recruiting
Effect of Sympathetic Blockade on the Success and Survival of Arteriovenous Fistula [NCT02305992]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-12-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Looking for funding opportunities)
Effects of Thoracic Epidural Analgesia and Surgery on Lower Urinary Tract Function: A Randomized, Controlled Study [NCT01220362]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-10-31	Completed
Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Thoracic Epidural Analgesia in Patients With Multiple Fracture Ribs [NCT03853330]		108 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-12-01	Completed
Comparison Between Perineural and Systemic Effect of Dexamethasone as an Adjuvant for Prolongation of the Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block. [NCT02190760]		90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Not yet recruiting
The Efficacy Of Nalbuphine Versus Fentanyl As Additives To Bupivacaine In Spinal Anaesthesia For Internal FixationI Of Tibia [NCT03535792]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-04	Completed
Is it Feasible to Conduct a Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) of the Transverse Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block Versus Anaesthetic Injections to the Wound Site for Patients Requiring Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy? [NCT03532906]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-01	Completed
Efficacy of Extended-Release Liposomal Bupivacaine for Post-Operative Pain Management Following Urogynecologic Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial [NCT02287246]	Phase 4	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-10-31	Recruiting
Spinal Bupivacaine/Morphine in Laparoscopic Gastro-intestinal Surgery [NCT02284282]		56 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-08-31	Completed
Erector Spinae Plane Block vs. Usual Care for ED Patients With Mechanical Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05982483]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-09-08	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Bilateral Recto-Intercostal Fascial Plane Block on Perioperative Analgesia in Epigastric Hernia Repair : A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT06092073]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-21	Recruiting
Clinical Effectiveness of Pre-incision Versus Post-incision Local Anesthetic During Laparoscopic/Robotic Sacrocolpopexy [NCT04996251]	Phase 4	129 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-07-30	Completed
Continuous Local Infusion of Anesthetic at the Incisional Site for Scoliosis Surgery [NCT00508066]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-05-31	Completed
Comparison of Plasma Concentrations of Lidocaine and Bupivacaine After Ultrasound-guided Axillary Approach to Brachial Plexus Block Used With Different Dilute Mixture Solutions for Upper Limb Trauma Surgery [NCT03527836]		30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-03-17	Enrolling by invitation
Comparison Between Hemodynamic Effect of Bilateral Infraorbital Block Versus Intranasal Application of Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Transsphenoidal Pituitary Adenoma Resection.A Comparative Randomized Controlled Study [NCT05301634]	Phase 3	56 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-04-02	Recruiting
Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus 0.25% Bupivacaine Hydrochloride for Postoperative Analgesia After Breast Reduction Surgery: A Prospective, Single Blind, Non-randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05891613]	Phase 4	42 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-31	Not yet recruiting
An Analysis of Photoplethysmographic Signal in Diagnostic Lumbar Sympathetic Block for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome [NCT01134289]	Phase 3	25 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Recruiting
Hypotension in Spinal Anesthesia for Total Knee Joint Arthroplasty: a Comparison of Taylor's Approach With Paramedian Lumbar Approach [NCT02302378]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Completed
Use of Local Anesthetic (0.25% Bupivacaine) for Pain Control in Pediatric Cardiac Catheterization: A Randomized Controlled Trial. [NCT01133119]	Phase 2	140 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-02-28	Completed
Nalbuphine Versus Midazolam as an Adjuvant to Intrathecal Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section [NCT03918187]	Phase 1	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-04-10	Completed
Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Wound Infiltration for Analgesia After Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03498118]		120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-01-01	Completed
Comparison Of The Effects Of Two Different Low-Doses Of Isobaric Bupivacaine On Intraoperative Hemodynamics In Spinal Anesthesia During Cesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05136040]		80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-10-15	Completed
4-drug Nerve Block Versus Plain Local Anesthetic for Knee and Hip Arthroplasty Analgesia in Veterans [NCT02891798]	Phase 3	98 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Completed
The Effect of Local Infiltration of Liposomal Bupivacaine on Opioid Consumption at Time of Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03907813]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-05-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to change in design)
Comparing Bupivacaine, Lidocaine, and a Combination of Bupivacaine and Lidocaine for Labor Epidural Activation: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study [NCT03103100]	Phase 3	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-08	Completed
Dexmedetomidine Added to Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine inTransincisionalU/S Guided Quadratus Lumborum Block in Open Renal Surgeries , A New Technique :Prospective, Randomized Double- Blinded Study [NCT03869047]	Phase 4	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-06	Completed
Analgesic Control Following Knee Arthroscopy: Results of a Randomised , Double-blinded Trial Comparing a Hyaluronic Acid Supplement to Bupivacaine [NCT01169389]		98 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-01-31	Completed
Protracted Mixture of Local Anesthetics for Major Foot and Ankle Surgery. A Randomized Double-blind, Controlled Study Comparing Bupivacaine-Epinephrine 0.5% Versus Bupivacaine-Epinephrine 0.5% With Dexamethasone [NCT02526199]	Phase 4	56 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-08-31	Completed
Comparison of Post-operative Analgesic Effects of Two Doses of Dexamethasone Added to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound-guided Transversusabdominis Plane (TAP) Block for Inguinal Hernia Repair [NCT03863977]	Phase 2/Phase 3	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-15	Completed
An Open, Randomised, Parallel Group Controlled, Single Centre Safety Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Tri-Solfen in Providing Anaesthesia Prior to Surgical Debridement of Leg Ulcers and Post-operative Pain Relief [NCT03865147]	Phase 2	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-01-15	Recruiting
Unilateral vs. Bilateral Pudendal Nerve Block for Post-Episiotomy Pain Relief: A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT03944291]	Phase 3	102 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-05-01	Completed
Clinical Trials With a Local Anesthetic Lozenge for the Treatment of Oral Mucosal Pain in Burning Mouth Syndrome, Sjögrens Syndrome and Lichen Planus. [NCT01584947]	Phase 2	31 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-04-30	Terminated(stopped due to Because of a very slow patient recruitment.)
Utility of Exparel Based Erector Spinae Plane Block for Elective 1 and 2 Level Posterior-based Lumbar Fusion: A Randomized Control Trial [NCT06107660]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-31	Not yet recruiting
Obstetric Liposomal Bupivacaine Via Surgical Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Post Cesarean Pain Control: a Single-blind Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04897841]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-10-11	Completed
Pain Control After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Benefit of a Combined Adductor-canal Nerve Block With Periarticular Infiltration Versus Periarticular Injection Alone [NCT02740192]	Early Phase 1	128 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-04-30	Completed
Pain Managment After VATS to Reduce Postoperative Pain and Improve Pulmonary Function [NCT05282251]	Early Phase 1	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-04-01	Not yet recruiting
Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus Control for Total Hip Arthroplasty [NCT03408483]	Phase 2/Phase 3	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-04-01	Completed
Randomized, Double Blind Trial of Thoracolumbar Interfascial Plane Block and Erector Spinae Plane Block for Adult Spinal Surgery [NCT03931343]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-12-31	Not yet recruiting
Effects of Intranasal Injection of Dexmedetomidine Plus Bupivacaine on Anesthesia & Analgesia in Septoplasty Surgeries [NCT03926663]	Phase 4	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-07-20	Recruiting
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of a 300-mg Dose of the INL-001 (Bupivacaine Hydrochloride) Implant in Patients Undergoing Abdominoplasty [NCT04785625]	Phase 3	366 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-04-29	Completed
Four Quadrants Transverse Abdominus Plane (4Q-TAP) Block With Plain and Liposomal Bupivacaine vs. Thoracic Epidermal Analgesia (TEA) in Patients Undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery With Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) on an Enhanced Rec [NCT03359811]	Phase 3	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-27	Completed
Is Elective Caesarean Sections for Predicting Post-spinal Hypotension Role of Overactive Bladder? [NCT05624671]		143 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-08-01	Completed
Phrenic Afferences In Organic and Metabolic Illness: Central Sensitization [NCT05605639]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-17	Recruiting
Does Caudal Block Increase the Incidence of Urethrocutaneous Fistula Formation Following Hypospadias Repair in Infants? A Multi-center Prospective Randomized Trial. [NCT02861950]	Phase 4	490 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-05-24	Active, not recruiting
Comparing the Effect of Three Different Volumes of Bupivacaine in Infiltration Between Popliteal Artery and Capsule of Knee Block Following Adductor Canal Block in Total Knee Arthroplasty, Prospective Randomized Control Trial. [NCT05438992]		105 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-15	Not yet recruiting
Ultrasonography for Fluid Assessment in Parturients With Preeclampsia Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia [NCT04370847]		100 participants (Actual)	Observational	2020-06-01	Completed
Assessing the Efficacy of Virtual Reality Analgesia (VRA) in Adult Patients for Pain Control During Spinal Injections (SI) [NCT03787147]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-11-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to Never started the study cause of the lack of funding)
Minimal Opioid Use After Total Hip Replacement (THR): a Blinded Randomized Placebo-controlled Study [NCT03090152]	Phase 4	180 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-03-08	Completed
Evaluation of Postoperative Analgesic Effects of Bilateral Suprazygomatic Maxillary Nerve Block Using Bupivacaine and Dexmedetomidine in Children Undergoing Cleft Palate Repair Under General Anesthesia:Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03412474]	Phase 2	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-01-14	Completed
Intercostal Liposomal Bupivacaine for the Management of Blunt Chest Wall Trauma [NCT02749968]	Phase 2	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-09	Completed
Does the Addition of Liposomal Bupivacaine to the Adductor Canal Block Impact Narcotic Use After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: a Prospective, Blind Randomized Control Trial [NCT04539730]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-12-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to Did not acquire funding to pursue study)
PECS Block vs. Multimodal Analgesia for Prevention of Persistent Postoperative Pain in Breast Surgery [NCT03084536]	Phase 2	134 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-06-07	Completed
A Prospective, Randomized, Single-Blind, Active Control Trial to Compare Safety and Effectiveness Of Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) to Standard Bupivacaine HCl (Marcaine) for Pain Management in Patients Undergoing Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Lobectomy [NCT03682224]	Phase 3	57 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-05	Completed
The Effect of Adding Dexamethasone Versus Magnesium Sulphate Versus Dexmedetomidine to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Adductor Canal Block for Post-operative Analgesia Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair [NCT04892420]	Phase 2	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-06-09	Completed
Double-Blinded Randomized Control Trial Comparing Liposomal Bupivacaine and Bupivacaine Hydrochloride in Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks Prior To DIEP Flap for Breast Reconstruction [NCT03700970]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-06-13	Completed
The Role of Regional Anesthesia to Reduce Opioid Requirements Following Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) [NCT03757715]	Phase 4	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-05-20	Completed
TAP Blocks Performed With Bupivacaine Versus Liposomal Bupivacaine in Colorectal Surgery Patients: A Prospective, Cluster Randomized Trial [NCT03638635]	Phase 4	63 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-05-14	Terminated(stopped due to Lack of personnel available to complete study.)
Does Continuous Wound Infusion of 0.2% Bupivacaine Provide Superior Analgesia Compared to Standard Opioid-based Therapy in Patients Following Axillary Clearance Surgery? [NCT01314144]	Phase 3	42 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-08-31	Recruiting
Effects of Continuous Femoral Nerve Block Versus Single-Injection Femoral Nerve Block With Intravenous Patient Controlled Analgesia Versus Intravenous Patient Controlled Analgesia on Knee Pain and Function After Total Knee Replacement [NCT01187537]		200 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-07-31	Completed
Surgical Site Infiltration Using Ketamine Versus Bupivacaine for Analgesia in Post-operative Appendectomy Operation [NCT05097118]	Early Phase 1	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-09-01	Completed
ENHANCED RECOVERY AFTER ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY USING LIPOSOMAL BUPIVACAINE: A RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL [NCT03844451]	Phase 4	75 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-05-17	Recruiting
A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy Study of CA-008 in Subjects Undergoing Bunionectomy [NCT03599089]	Phase 2	147 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-09	Completed
Randomized Clinical Trial: Transverse Abdominis Plane Block Versus no Block in Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair [NCT03342040]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-15	Completed
Evaluation of Intraoperative, Local Site Injections of Liposomal Bupivacaine as an Alternative to Standard Local Anesthetics in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty [NCT03341104]		173 participants (Actual)	Observational	2013-01-01	Completed
Comparison of General Anesthesia and Combined Spinal-epidural Anesthesia on Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Transabdominal Cervico Isthmic Cerclage (TCIC) [NCT03636048]		20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-01	Terminated(stopped due to not enough participants)
Comparative Study of Mid-thoracic Spinal Versus Epidural Anesthesia for Open Nephrectomy in Patients With Obstructive/Restrictive Lung Disease: A Randomized Controlled Study [NCT03324490]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-01	Completed
Role of Wound Installation With Bupivacaine Through Surgical Drains in Postoperative Analgesia in Modified Radical Mastectomy [NCT03799757]	Phase 4	168 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Completed
COMPARISON OF INTRAOPERATIVE TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS PLANE BLOCK, LOCAL ANESTHESIA APPLICATION TO THE PORT SITES AND INTRAPERITONEAL LOCAL ANESTHETIC APPLICATIONS IN POSTOPERATIVE PAIN MANAGEMENT IN LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY PATIENTS [NCT03790007]	Phase 4	3 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-11-01	Completed
Liposomal Bupivacaine To Control Post-Operative Pain Following Buccal Mucosal Graft Harvesting [NCT03720223]	Phase 3	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-01-20	Completed
Comparative Study of Non-inferiority Between Heavy Levobupivacaine With Enantiomeric Excess of 50% (Bupivacaine S75: R25) and Heavy Racemic Bupivacaine (Bupivacaine S50: R50) in Spinal Anesthesia for Orthopedic Procedures in the Lower Limbs. [NCT01308047]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional		Withdrawn(stopped due to The Sponsor has no interest in continuing the study.)
A Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Femoral Nerve Black to Intraoperative Local Anesthetic Injection of Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) in Total Knee Replacement [NCT02473198]	Phase 3	312 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Active, not recruiting
Optimizing Postoperative Pain Control After Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery by Supplementing Ultrasound-guided Erector Spinae Plane Block With Ketamine or Transdermal Fentanyl Patch [NCT06007378]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-05	Recruiting
Hybrid Anesthesia for Ambulatory Knee Arthroscopy Using Intrathecal Prilocaine and Adductor Canal Block vs Intrathecal Bupivacaine Alone: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05609565]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-15	Recruiting
Efficacy of Combined Periportal and Preperitoneal Local Anesthetic Infiltration (CPPLAI) in Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Patients [NCT04680923]		120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-12-08	Completed
A Pilot Study: A Comparison of Liposomal Bupivacaine to Bupivacaine HCl in Transversus Abdominis Planus Block for Abdominal Gynecologic Surgery [NCT03304444]	Phase 3	128 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Recruiting
Does Single Dose Dexmedetomidine for Procedural Sedation Reduce Post-operative Pain in Total Knee Arthroplasty? A Randomized Control Study [NCT02466022]	Phase 3	54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Completed
Prospective Study on Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) Celiac Bloc Efficacy in Chronic Pancreatitis [NCT01318590]	Phase 3	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-11-18	Terminated(stopped due to Closed by CHUM REB for incomplete documentation of research activities.)
Different Approaches of Spinal Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section: Midline, Paramedian and Taylors Approach [NCT05637645]		200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-22	Recruiting
Liposomal Bupivacaine vs. Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Lidocaine During Suburethral Sling Placement: a Randomized Control Trial [NCT02875015]		57 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-04-30	Completed
The Effect of Neuraxial Analgesia on Maternal Breastfeeding [NCT01074190]		345 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-01-31	Completed
Comparison of Trigger Point Injections Versus Traditional Therapies in the Management of Postsurgical Pain in Patients Who Had Anterior Cervical Surgery [NCT04640896]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-11-05	Recruiting
Intrathecal Bupivacaine-Dexmedetomidine Compared to Intrathecal Bupivacaine-Neostigmine in Elective Caesarean Sections, Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT06055101]		54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-03	Completed
A Randomized Blinded Controlled Trial of EXPAREL vs 1% Lidocane as Local Anesthetic in Patients Undergoing Pleuroscopy With Pleural Biopsy and Indwelling Pleural Catheter Placement [NCT05044468]	Phase 2	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-03-23	Recruiting
Effect of Lidocaine 5% Patch Supplementation to Intra-articular Bupivacaine Dexmedetomidine After Arthroscopic Knee Surgery Under General Anesthesia [NCT04322760]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-12-01	Completed
Effectiveness of Subarachnoid Hyperbaric Bupivacaine on Mean Arterial Blood Pressure in Pregnant Patients With Obesity Operated by Cesarean Section [NCT04205344]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-02-01	Completed
Spinal Analgesia for Laparoscopic Abdominoperineal Rectal Amputation Using an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Program: a Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial [NCT05406765]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-01-01	Completed
Efficacy of Popliteal Block and Bupivacaine Concentration Used for Analgesia in Foot and Ankle Surgery [NCT04294732]	Phase 4	68 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-04-01	Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Port Site Subcutaneous Injection of Bupivacaine to Determine the Effectiveness of Postoperative Pain Relief After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy [NCT05264805]	Phase 3	166 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-03-31	Not yet recruiting
Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block With Different Bupivacaine Concentrations in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Unilateral Inguinal Hernia Repair Surgery: A Prospective Randomised Double-Blinded Study [NCT04202367]		74 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-01	Completed
A Randomized, Prospective Trial Comparing Peri-articular Injection Utilizing a Pain Cocktail With and Without Exparel [NCT02571283]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to PI decided to focus on more current topics of interest.)
Evaluation of Liposomal Bupivacaine Compared to Usual Care and Its Effects on Pain for Cardiac Surgery [NCT04065919]	Phase 4	300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-10-01	Enrolling by invitation
Use of Regional Anesthesia in Hip Arthroscopy [NCT02674113]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to determined not to be feasible at our site)
Ultrasound-Guided Bilateral Thoracic Paravertebral Blocks as an Adjunct to General Anaesthesia in Patients Undergoing Reduction Mammoplasty: A Historical Cohort Study [NCT02671851]		64 participants (Actual)	Observational	2014-01-31	Completed
Effects of Addition of Magnesium Sulfate in Spinal Anesthesia on Surgeon Satisfaction and Postoperative Pain in Gynecologic Laparoscopic Surgeries. [NCT02671227]	Phase 2	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Completed
The Effect of Caudal Block on Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Pediatric Patients [NCT05216211]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-12-09	Completed
Comparison of Local Anesthetic Dose in IPACK (Interspace Between the Popliteal Artery and the Posterior Capsule of the Knee) Block Performed for Postoperative Analgesia in Knee Artroplasty Operations [NCT05963139]		112 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-08-01	Recruiting
Ultrasound Guided Pectoral Nerve Block Using Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine and Dexmedetomidine as a Supplement to General Anesthesia in Modified Radical Mastectomy [NCT04284098]		45 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-03-01	Not yet recruiting
Does the Reduction of Local Anesthetic Dose Provide Surgical Anesthesia While Avoiding Maternal Hypotension in Obese Pregnant for C/S by Single Shot Spinal Anesthesia? [NCT02563795]		100 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2015-05-31	Completed
Bilateral Superficial Cervical Plexus Block Combined With Intravenous Sedation Versus General Anesthesia in Selected Patients for Thyroid/Parathyroid Surgery ; a Prospective Randomized Control Trial [NCT04051099]		52 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-03-01	Recruiting
Pediatric Tonsillectomy Pain Reduction Study, a Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial Using Clonidine and Local Anesthetics [NCT00678379]	Phase 3	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-04-30	Completed
Dose and Concentration Relationship of Bupivacaine for Pericapsular Nerve Group Block in Hip Surgery [NCT05400148]		112 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2022-11-01	Recruiting
The Use of Liposomal Bupivacaine Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block for Rotator Cuff Surgery: A Randomized, Double Blind, Clinical Trial [NCT04047745]		132 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-09-30	Not yet recruiting
A Phase 1, Pilot, Open Label, Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics, and Safety, of EXPAREL Administered as Pectoral Plane Block in Women Undergoing Breast Augmentation Surgery [NCT04293809]	Phase 1	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-12-19	Completed
Comparative Effect of 0.2 or 0.3 Spinal Morphine and 0.25 or 0.5 % Bupivacaine for Femoral Nerve Block After Total Knee Replacement [NCT00795223]	Phase 4	160 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-10-31	Completed
Quality of Analgesia After Interscalene Block With Bupivacaine and Exparel® vs. Bupivacaine Alone After Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery [NCT02554357]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Local Anesthetic Agent in Scalp Block and Scalp Infiltration to Control Post Craniotomy Pain [NCT02866409]	Phase 2	150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Completed
The Role of Epidural Opioids in Pain Management After Abdominal Surgery in Adult Patients - a Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT04251962]	Phase 4	135 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-08-01	Completed
Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery: Bupivacaine With or Without Fentanyl [NCT00808327]		140 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-01-31	Completed
Comparison of the Analgesic Efficacy of Ultrasound-guided Paravertebral Block and Mid-point Transverse Process Pleura Block in Mastectomy Surgery [NCT05332028]	Phase 4	64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-03-26	Completed
Analgesic Benefit of Locally Injected Bupivacaine on Perineal Pain Among Women With Epidural Anesthesia After a Vaginal Delivery: a Randomized, Single-masked, Controlled Trial [NCT03672500]		23 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-09-14	Terminated(stopped due to Recruitment issues)
Thoracic Paravertebral Block in Postoperative Pain Management After Renal Surgery [NCT02840526]		58 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-05-31	Completed
Selective Spinal Anesthesia Using Hyperbaric Prilocaine 2% Provides Better Perioperative Hemodynamic Stability for Patients With Peripheral Vascular Disease and Cardiac Dysfunction Undergoing Lower Limb Vascular Surgery [NCT05877690]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-31	Recruiting
Comparing the Effects of Levobupivacaine and Bupivacaine in Anorectal Surgery Under Saddle Spinal Anesthesia [NCT04245774]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-11-21	Completed
Effects of Sleep Quality on Melatonin Levels and Inflammatory Response After Major Abdominal Surgery in an Intensive Care Unit [NCT02824770]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-01-01	Recruiting
Effectiveness of Serratus Anterior Muscle Plane Block With Thoracic Paravertebral Block For Unilateral Mastectomies [NCT02822196]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-12-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Critical study personnel left the institution)
Multimodal Drug Infiltration in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Is Posterior Capsular Infiltration Worth the Risk? A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02860949]	Phase 2	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
Intrathecal 60mg Prilocaine, Hyperbaric 40mg 9-chloroprocaine and 10.5mg Bupivacaine Each With Added Sufentanil (2µg) for Elective Ambulatory Umbilical and Unilateral Inguinal Herniorrhaphy [NCT02813382]		101 participants (Actual)	Observational	2015-08-31	Completed
Randomized Double-blind Trial Comparing the Post-operative Analgesic Efficacy of Local Wound Infiltration With Bupivacaine Alone to Bupivacaine With Clonidine in Posterior Spine Surgeries [NCT01902108]	Phase 4	225 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Completed
Direct Versus Ultrasound Guided PECS Block Effect on Controlling Postmastectomy Pain: A Prospective, Randomized, Single Blinded, Controlled Study. [NCT05825430]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-04-15	Completed
Evaluation of the Effect of Ultrasound-guided PENG Block on Postoperative Analgesia Management in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Randomized, Prospective Study [NCT05904912]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-06-10	Completed
Effects of Corticosteroid Injection Plus Reparel™ Knee Sleeve on Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT04859764]		74 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-06-29	Recruiting
A Randomized, Single-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating Postoperative Non-Opioid Pain Management Utilizing Local Anesthetics Coupled With Modulated Coagulation [NCT04814433]	Phase 4	5 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-03-24	Terminated(stopped due to Both lack of enrollment as well as study staff turnover)
Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominalis Plane Block ( TAPB) Versus Quadratus Lumborum Type II Block (QLBII) in Perioperative Analgesia for Kidney Transplantation Procedure: Clinical Randomized Multicenter Study [NCT02783586]	Phase 4	104 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-04-08	Completed
A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial in Elderly Patients With Hip Fractures Comparing Continuous Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block to Systemic Opioids and Its Effect on Delirium Occurrence [NCT02689024]	Phase 4	239 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to recruitment too slow; intervention was standard care in patients who were not included; acute care pathways changed due to policy regarding hip fracture patients)
Ultrasound-guided Specific Blocks of the Distal Tibial and Deep Peroneal Nerves at the Level of the Ankle With a Mixture of Bupivacaine + Liposome Bupivacaine v Bupivacaine Alone v General Anesthesia [NCT03106545]	Phase 2	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-02	Completed
Peri-neural Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine-induced Paravertebral Block in Patients Undergoing Thoracotomy [NCT02397603]	Phase 2	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Completed
Comparison of the Efficacy of Different Local Anesthetic Dosage in Suprascapular and Axillary Blocks in Shoulder Arthroscopy Surgeries [NCT04947007]		132 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-07-15	Completed
A Phase 2, Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter, Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Locally Administered HTX-011, HTX-002, or HTX-009 for Postoperative Analgesia Following Bunionectomy [NCT02762929]	Phase 2	430 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Completed
The Impact of Adding Ultrasound Guided Bilateral Suprazygomatic Maxillary Nerve Block to General Anesthesia on Systemic Inflammatory Response in Cleft Palate Surgeries ; A Randomized Control Trial [NCT05495750]	Phase 4	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-06-24	Recruiting
Efficacy of Regional Adductor Canal Block Using Extended Release Liposomal Bupivacaine in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Prospective Study [NCT03541265]		70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-01	Completed
The Efficacy of Intravenous Dexamethasone on the Duration of Analgesia of Ultrasound Guided Axillary Brachial Plexus Block in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Below Elbow Orthopaedic Surgeries: A Randomized Control Trial [NCT05466500]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-26	Recruiting
The Effects of Different Anesthetic Techniques on QT, Corrected QT (QTc), and P Wave Dispersions in Cesarean Section [NCT03134677]	Phase 4	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-23	Completed
Randomized Prospective Clinical Trial of Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) Versus Paravertebral Nerve (PVB) Blockade for Acute Unilateral Rib Fracture Pain [NCT03540095]		7 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-23	Terminated(stopped due to Due to staffing issues, we are unable to enroll patients at the clinical site assigned. The study is terminated.)
Analgesic Benefit of PECS Blocks for Biceps Tenodesis Shoulder Surgery [NCT02741713]	Phase 3	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-04-30	Completed
Prospective Analgesic Compound Efficacy (PACE) Study [NCT02403687]		300 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2015-06-30	Completed
Comparison of Caudal Bupivacaine Alone With Bupivacaine Plus Two Doses of Dexmedetomidine for Postoperative Analgesia in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Infra-umbilical Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Double Blinded Study [NCT02385435]	Phase 2/Phase 3	91 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Completed
Efficacy of Local Anesthetic Injection Into Both Angles of the Rectus Sheath Incision for Postoperative Cesarean Delivery Analgesia. [NCT02285491]	Early Phase 1	225 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-11-30	Completed
The Assessment of Bupivacaine-tramadol and Levobupivacaine-tramadol Combinations for Preemptive Caudal Anaesthesia in Children: a Randomized, Double-blind, Prospective Study [NCT01974843]		68 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2011-01-31	Completed
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Multimodal Pain Protocol Versus Hydrocodone-Acetaminophen for Post-Operative Pain Management in Orthopaedic Surgery Patients [NCT05690282]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-05-17	Active, not recruiting
Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Study Investigating the Efficacy of Exparel (Liposomal Bupivacaine) for Postoperative Pain Relief in Mandibular Third Molar Extractions [NCT05374499]	Phase 4	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-09-01	Active, not recruiting
Stellate Ganglion Blockade for the Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial [NCT05357690]	Phase 2/Phase 3	220 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-04-19	Recruiting
Fentanyl Versus Midazolam as an Adjunct to Intrathecal Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia in Children Undergoing Infraumbilical Surgery [NCT03592537]	Phase 2/Phase 3	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-15	Completed
Randomized Trial of Bupivacaine as Adjuvant for Post-operative Pain in Mohs Micrographic Surgery [NCT04362566]	Phase 4	174 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-07-30	Completed
Comparative Evaluation of Newer Congeners i.e. Levobupivacaine and Ropivacaine With Bupivacaine, in Lumbar Epidural Anaesthesia for Hip Surgeries [NCT02513433]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-12-31	Completed
A Comparative Study of Ultrasound Guided PECS Block Using Bupivacaine Adenosine Versus Bupivacaine Magnesium Sulphate: A Randomised Controlled Trial. [NCT03344679]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-01	Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Adductor Canal Catheter (ACC) and Intra-articular Catheter (IAC) Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT02497911]	Phase 4	110 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Enrolling by invitation
Norepinephrine Versus Phenylephrine Continuous Variable Infusion for Prevention of Post-spinal Hypotension During Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Double-blinded Trial [NCT03328533]	Phase 4	123 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-10	Completed
Pharmacokinetics and Dynamics of Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvant in TAP Block for Patient Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgery [NCT03328299]	Phase 2/Phase 3	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-11	Completed
Comparison of Plasma Concentration And Efficacy Of Liposomal Bupivacaine And Plain Bupivacaine After Intercostal Injections For Pain Management After Thoracoscopy [NCT03737292]	Phase 4	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-04-09	Recruiting
Pericapsular Nerve Group Block (PENG): A Randomized, Triple-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT05118620]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-12-09	Withdrawn(stopped due to Lack of staff to enroll)
Comparison of the Volume Dependent Effect of Pericapsular Nerve Block in Patients Operated for Femur Fracture: A Randomized Prospective Study [NCT05256056]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-02-25	Completed
Comparison Between Peri Tonsillar Infiltration of Ketamine or Bupivacaine for Post Tonsillectomy Analgesia [NCT05341323]	Phase 4	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-04-02	Completed
Post-operative Analgesia Efficacy Using Ultrasound-guided Transmuscular Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus Ultrasound-guided Quadratus Lumborum Type II Block. [NCT03100994]	Phase 4	180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-03-28	Recruiting
The Effect of Peritubal Infiltration With Bupivacaine Around Nephrostomy Tract on Postoperative Pain Control After Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy [NCT04160936]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-02-10	Completed
Trigger-point Blockade in Persistent Pain After Open Groin Hernia Repair [NCT02065219]	Phase 3	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Completed
Assessment of Intercostal Block Scheduling in Preventing Acute Surgical and Post-surgical Pain in Thoracoscopic Surgery [NCT02469610]	Phase 4	65 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Completed
Randomized Control Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Preoperative Erector Spinae Blocks on Cardiac Surgery Postoperative Outcomes [NCT06077422]	Phase 2/Phase 3	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-02	Not yet recruiting
Superficial Cervical Plexus Block and Quality of Recovery After Thyroidectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT06002152]	Phase 2	160 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-27	Recruiting
Testing the Feasibility of Using Ropivacaine in Spinal Anesthesia for Patients With Lower Back Surgery [NCT05824338]	Early Phase 1	45 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-01	Not yet recruiting
Locally Administered Bupivacaine Hydrochloride for Post-operative Pain Control in Cutaneous Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04260854]	Phase 1	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-30	Not yet recruiting
Ultrasound Guided Modified Thoracolumbar Interfascial Plane Block for Spinal Surgery: A New Approach [NCT03079076]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-03-15	Completed
Adjuncts to Caudal Block in Pediatrics [NCT03261921]	Phase 1	63 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-05	Completed
Comparison of Different Protocols of Phenylephrine Infusion for Prophylaxis Against Post-spinal Hypotension During Cesarean Delivery [NCT03248817]	Phase 4	255 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-09-28	Recruiting
A Prospective, Randomized Trial of Liposomal Bupivacaine Compared to Conventional Bupivacaine on Pain Control and Post-Operative Opioid Use in Receiving Adductor Canal Blocks for Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT05635916]	Phase 4	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-09-22	Completed
[NCT02060591]		0 participants	Interventional	2014-01-31	Recruiting
Exparel Use for Popliteal Nerve Block in Postoperative Pain Control; After Ankle Fracture Fixation or Ankle Fusion Surgery: a Case Series [NCT02072135]		4 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-02-28	Completed
Pain Control in Bariatric Patients: A Prospective Trial Comparing the Effectiveness of EXPAREL(R) Versus the On-Q(R) Pain Ball [NCT02142829]	Phase 4	101 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-11-30	Completed
Nalbuphine as Adjuvant During Bilateral Suprazygomatic Maxillary Nerve Block for Pediatric Cleft Palate Repair: A Prospective, Randomized Comparative, Controlled Double-blind Study. [NCT06100315]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2023-12-31	Not yet recruiting
Laparoscopic vs Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block vs Laparoscopic Intraperitoneal Instillation of Local Anesthetic in Pediatrics Undergoing Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT06098105]		66 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-24	Recruiting
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Bupivacaine for Local Pain Control Following Perineal Laceration Repair in Patients With Pre-existing Epidural Analgesia [NCT05972681]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-31	Not yet recruiting
Regional Nerve Blocks to Improve Analgesia and Recovery in Older Adults Undergoing Spinal Fusion [NCT05461092]	Early Phase 1	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-01	Not yet recruiting
Hypobaric Rather Than Isobaric Bupivacaine to Prevent Anesthesia-induced Hypotension in Patients Undergoing Surgical Repair of Hip Fracture Under Continuous Spinal Anesthesia: a Prospective Randomized Controlled Study. [NCT02428257]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Not yet recruiting
Efficiency of Thoracolumbar Interfascial Plane Block in Lumbar Disk Surgery [NCT03180099]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-11-10	Recruiting
Presurgical Adductor Canal Block (ACB) Versus ACB and Distal (Intermuscular) Saphenous Nerve Block in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair Under General Anaesthesia: Randomised Controlled Trial. [NCT04443634]		88 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-06-25	Recruiting
Sciatic Popliteal Nerve Block in Foot Surgery: Lidocaine Versus Bupivacaine in Ambulatory Continuous Block With Elastomeric Pump [NCT02121119]	Phase 4	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-09-30	Completed
Comparison of the Impacts of Ultrasound-guided Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) Block Applied in Different Volumes on Postoperative Pain in Hip Replacement Surgeries: A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT06166602]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-06-20	Recruiting
Marcaine Post-Operative Pain Study [NCT04494880]	Early Phase 1	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-12-09	Completed
Effects of Thoracic Epidural Administered Ropivacaine Versus Bupivacaine on Lower Urinary Tract Function: A Randomized, Controlled Study [NCT02414373]	Phase 4	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-30	Completed
A Phase 4, Randomized, Blinded, Active-Controlled Study of HTX-011 in Subjects Undergoing Abdominoplasty (Cohort 2) [NCT06109428]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-10-12	Completed
A Phase 4, Randomized, Blinded, Active-Controlled Study of HTX-011 in Subjects Undergoing Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (TSA) [NCT06109415]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-10-20	Completed
Effects of Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Low Dose Hyperbaric 0.5% Bupivacaine on Hemodynamic Parameters in Patients Undergoing Transurethral Resection of the Prostate [NCT05993975]	Phase 4	108 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-07-20	Completed
The Evaluation of Post-operative Pain Control With a TAP Block Using Exparel vs. Marcaine for Hernia Repairs [NCT05177991]	Early Phase 1	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-03-01	Recruiting
Comparison Between Ultrasound Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block and Paravertebral Block on Acute and Chronic Postmastectomy Pain [NCT04498234]		108 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-05-01	Recruiting
The Use of Intralipid® 20% Solution to Reverse the Anesthetic Effect of Local Anesthetics: a Proof of Concept Study in Volunteers [NCT03968822]	Phase 4	18 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-07-26	Recruiting
Comparison of Laparoscopically Assisted Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Using Liposomal Bupivacaine With Pre-incisional Bupivacaine for Post-operative Pain Control in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic or Robotic Hysterectomy [NCT02400645]	Phase 1	69 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-03-31	Terminated(stopped due to It was determined that one member of the team had falsified data.)
Postoperative Pain Management With a Continuous Femoral Nerve Block in Patients With a Tibial Plateau Fracture [NCT02168959]	Early Phase 1	5 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Completed
Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Serratus Plane Block on Postoperative Opioid Consumption for Modified Radical Mastectomy and Axillary Lymph Node Dissection [NCT03538483]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-12-01	Completed
Ultrasound-guided Quadratus Lumborum Block Using Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine - Dexamethasone as Postoperative Analgesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy [NCT05918796]	Phase 1	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-06-15	Completed
Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block for Treatment of Postdural Puncture Headache: A Prospective Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Study [NCT02181205]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-11-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to no eligible participant , technical difficulty, feasiblity)
PROUD Study - Preventing Opioid Use Disorders [NCT04766996]	Phase 4	57 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-05-17	Terminated(stopped due to Loss of surgery team member deemed the study procedures impossible to achieve, and no replacement could be found in a timely manner to complete trial as initially planned.)
A Prospective Randomized Controlled Double-Blind of Post-Operative Analgesic Effects of Local Wound Infiltration With Ketorolac After Inguinal Herniorrhaphy [NCT03534505]		10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-01	Terminated(stopped due to cannot enroll patient)
Analgesic Efficacy of Erector Spinae Block , Quadratus Lumborum Block and Intrathecal Morphine for Post Operative Pain Relief After Cesarean Section, A Prospective Randomized Single-Blind Controlled Study [NCT06088420]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-31	Recruiting
Patient Quality of Recovery From Mastectomy With and Without PECS Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine [NCT05795413]		800 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2023-04-25	Recruiting
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Celiac Plexus Neurolysis (EUS-CPN) With and Without Bupivacaine [NCT04951804]		180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-10-07	Recruiting
The Effect of Intraoperative Hypotension on Postoperative Cognitive Functions in Cesarean Section Operations [NCT05843838]		150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-07-10	Recruiting
Pectoral Nerve Blocks (PECs) for Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Placement: A Pilot Study [NCT05283980]	Phase 2/Phase 3	62 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-17	Recruiting
An Investigation of the Influence of Different Intrathecal Opioids on the Post-operative Pain Experiences of Woman at Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital [NCT02577809]	Phase 4	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus (PIEB) Compared to Continuous Epidural Infusion (CEI) Relative Efficacy and Mechanism of Efficacy For Labor Anlagesia: A Minimal Local Analgesic Concentration (MLAC) Study [NCT02573597]	Phase 4	31 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-31	Terminated(stopped due to Difficulty in recruitment)
A Retrospective Case-controlled Study of the Association Between Request to Discontinue Second Stage Labor Epidural Analgesia and Risk of Instrumental Vaginal Delivery [NCT00443560]		2,162 participants (Actual)	Observational	2006-01-31	Completed
Intraoperative Autonomic Neural Blockade (ANB) Comparison Between Different Local Anesthetic Combinations. A Randomized Clinical Trial Protocol [NCT06137924]	Phase 3	150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-02	Not yet recruiting
Comparing the Postoperative Analgesic Effects of Bupivacaine Liposome Serrate Anterior Plane Block (SAPB) Versus Traditional Thoracic Paravertebral Block (TPVB): A Randomized, Double-blinded Non-inferiority Clinical Trial [NCT06135545]		168 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-08-18	Recruiting
A Randomized Comparative Study on the Effect of Using Intrathecal Hyperbaric Prilocaine Plus Fentanyl Compared to Hyperbaric Bupivacaine Plus Fentanyl on the Motor Block in Women Undergoing Caesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia [NCT06133881]	Phase 4	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-01	Not yet recruiting
Midazolam as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Quadratus Lumborum Block After Caesarean Section; Does it Offer Better Pain Control? a Randomized Double Blind Clinical Trial [NCT05261672]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-03-15	Recruiting
The Effect of the Popliteal Plexus Block on Postoperative Opioid Consumption, Pain, Muscle Strength and Mobilization After Total Knee Arthroplasty - a Randomized, Controlled, Blinded Study [NCT04854395]	Phase 4	165 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-04-09	Completed
Efficacy of Laparoscopic-assisted Transversus Abdominus Plane (TAP) Block in Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgeries: A Prospective, Randomized Control Trial. [NCT04345341]	Phase 2	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-11-01	Completed
Evaluating the Use of Enhanced Recovery Strategies and Paravertebral Block in Elective Breast Reduction and Breast Augmentation [NCT03187080]	Phase 4	296 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-31	Suspended(stopped due to per Research Hold)
Stellate Ganglion Blockade for the Management of Vasomotor Symptoms [NCT02907983]	Phase 2	160 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-07-10	Suspended(stopped due to IRB Audit Review)
Comparison of Hyaluronic Acid and Corticosteroid Intra-articular Injections for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Hip Controlled With Intra-articular Injections With Bupivacaine [NCT01079455]	Phase 3	489 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-05-31	Not yet recruiting
Awake Caudal Catheter Infusion Versus General Anesthesia and Single-dose Caudal Injection for Preterm NICU Patients Undergoing Inguinal Herniorraphy. [NCT05919732]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-08	Completed
A Phase 2 Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Active-control, Dose-ranging Study to Evaluate the Safety, Efficacy, and Comparative Systemic Bioavailability of a Single Administration of SKY0402 Via Local Infiltration for Prolonged Posto [NCT00485693]	Phase 2	138 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-06-30	Completed
Efficacy of Bupivacain Local Infiltration for the Management of Pain During Cesarean Section. Randomized, Single Blind, Controlled Trial [NCT05404490]		202 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-06-01	Recruiting
A Study of Hyaluronan (Synvisc) for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis in the Thumb: Randomized Control Trial [NCT00398866]	Phase 3	200 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-08-31	Completed
Comparison of Onset of Action Between 2% Lidocaine Plus 0.5% Bupivacaine and 0.5% Bupivacaine in Brachial Plexus Anesthesia for Creation of Arteriovenous Fistula in ESRD Patient [NCT00993746]	Phase 4	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-10-31	Recruiting
Analgesic Efficacy of Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block With Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine With Dexamethasone or Magnesium Sulphate for Dynamic Hip Screw Surgeries Randomized Double Blinded Comparative Study [NCT03957499]	Phase 1	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-05-31	Recruiting
Comparison of the Efficacy Intravenous Remifentanil PCA and Epidural PCEA for Labor Analgesia [NCT00801047]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-02-28	Completed
Assessment of Postoperatory Pain After Laparoscopic Tubal Ligation by Electrocoagulation With Bupivacaine or Placebo [NCT00810563]		46 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-08-31	Recruiting
Liposomal Bupivacaine Pharmacokinetic Study After Median Sternotomy Incision Infiltration in a Pediatric Cardiac Surgery [NCT04685421]	Phase 1	15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-07-15	Terminated(stopped due to PI, Christopher Tirotta, no longer at NCH as of 5-26-23.)
A Phase 2, 2-Part, Open-Label, Dose-Finding and Double-Blind Study to Assess the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of HTX-011 for Postoperative Analgesia in Adolescents and Children (≥3 to <17 Years of Age) Undergoing Unilateral Open Inguinal [NCT03922048]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-07-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Withdrawn due to lack of enrollment.)
Comparison Of Greater Occipital Nerve Block With Lidocaine And Bupivicaine Alone Or With Steroids In a Chronic Headache Population [NCT00203294]		45 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-06-30	Completed
Effects of Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine on the Perioperative Clinical Profile of Bupivacaine-induced Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section [NCT02365857]	Phase 4	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-12-31	Completed
Efficacy Of Ultrasound Guided Stellate Ganglion Block To Relieve Vasospasm Following Clipping Of Cerebral Aneurysm [NCT02775318]	Phase 1	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Completed
Dexamethasone Plus Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine in Bilateral Trans-incisional Paravertebral Block in Lumbar Spine Surgeries, a Randomized Clinical Trial. [NCT04783194]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-03-15	Completed
Minimum Effective Volume of Local Anesthetic for Peribulbar Block.Does it Differ With the Eyeball Axial Length? [NCT04036201]		121 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-07-31	Completed
[NCT02768376]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Recruiting
The Comparison of Low Thoracic Paravertebral Block Versus Peritubal Infiltration in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy [NCT02764008]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Completed
Effectiveness of Caudal Epidural Block on Intraoperative Blood Loss During Hypospadias Repair; A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT02752308]	Phase 2/Phase 3	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Completed
Local Intraoperative Analgesic Injection Versus Single Injection Interscalene Nerve Block in Patients Undergoing Shoulder Arthroplasty (TSA): A Randomized Trial [NCT02695758]		156 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-12-31	Completed
Comparing Combined Adductor Canal & Sciatic Nerve Block and Femoral & Sciatic Nerve Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Replacement Surgery; A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study [NCT05648708]		68 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-14	Recruiting
The Analgesic Efficacy of Magnesium Sulfate as an Adjuvant to Continuous Presternal Bupivacaine Infusion Through a Single Catheter After Cardiac Surgery; A Prospective Randomized Double Blind Study. [NCT02731950]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-30	Completed
Use of a Dual-agent Local Analgesic (Bupivacaine-meloxicam) for Abdominal Incisions in Patients Undergoing Retropubic Mid-urethral Sling Surgery [NCT05702827]	Phase 3	126 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-01-23	Recruiting
The Motor Effect of 0.25%Bupivacaine Ultrasound Guided Axillary Block Versus 0.19% Bupivacaine Ultrasound Guided Axillary Block in Pediatrics Undergoing Below Elbow Orthopedic Surgeries: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05386095]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-05-29	Completed
Office-Based Superior Laryngeal Nerve (SLN) Block for Treatment of Neurogenic Cough [NCT04642352]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2022-01-03	Recruiting
Adductor Canal Block for Postoperative Analgesia After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Comparison Between 3 Bupivacaine Volumes and Doses [NCT02805920]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-08-30	Completed
Optimal Anesthetic for Corticosteroid Injections for Knee Osteoarthritis. [NCT05906433]	Phase 1	75 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-06-01	Recruiting
Intraoperative and Postoperative Effects of Adjuvant Dexmedetomidine and Tramadol in Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plan Block [NCT05905757]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-03-01	Completed
Analgesic Efficacy of Combined Lumbar Erector Spinae Plane Block and Pericapsular Nerve Group Block in Patients Undergoing Hip Surgeries [NCT05930171]	Phase 4	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-02-01	Completed
Effectiveness of Intraoperative Exparel, a Bupivacaine Liposome Injectable Suspension, for Postoperative Pain Control in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized, Double Blind, Controlled Study [NCT02808728]	Phase 4	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Active, not recruiting
The Use of Very Low Dose Caudal Morphine for Postoperative Pain Management in Out Patients [NCT00938821]		33 participants (Actual)	Observational	2010-01-31	Completed
The Efficacy of Local Infiltration Analgesia for Postoperative Pain Management and Functional Recovery After Total Knee Arthroplasty: Peripheral Nerve Blocks With and Without Local Infiltration Analgesia [NCT04258241]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-03-06	Recruiting
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation of Genicular Nerves Versus Conventional Therapy With Intra-articular Steroid Injection for Chronic Knee Pain: A Prospective, Randomized Pilot Study [NCT06004882]		45 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-08-10	Recruiting
Clonidine for Intra-oral Infra-orbital Nerve Block During Pediatric Cleft Lip Revision Surgeries: Randomized Controlled Double-blind Study [NCT05790044]		86 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-01	Not yet recruiting
Use of Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) In Expedited Recovery Following Lower Extremity Amputation [NCT04360421]	Phase 4	7 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-04-21	Terminated(stopped due to PI left institution)
Double Blind Randomized Trial of Post-operative Cesarean Continuous Infusion of Bupivacaine Versus Placebo for Local Incisional Pain Control [NCT05131178]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-11-07	Recruiting
A Randomized, Single-blinded, Prospective Study of Postsurgical Pain Control After Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Lower Extremity Fractures With Liposomal Marcaine. [NCT02214810]	Phase 1/Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Withdrawn
Efficacy of Multimodal Peri- and Intraarticular Drug Injections in Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT00562627]	Phase 4	102 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-11-30	Completed
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Block on Post Tonsillectomy Pain Among Egyptian Children [NCT05109416]	Phase 1/Phase 2	210 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-10-17	Completed
Greater Occipital Nerve Block for Migraine Prophylaxis [NCT00915473]	Phase 4	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-06-30	Completed
Continuous Thoracic Paravertebral Analgesia for Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS): Analgesic Effectiveness and Role in Fast-track Surgery [NCT02670759]		14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Terminated(stopped due to A 30% decrease in opioid use was obeserved in the paravertebral analgesia group.)
Subarachnoid Block With Ultrasound-Guided Transversalis Fascia Plane Block for Cesarean Sections: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Study [NCT04172727]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-01	Completed
A Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Study to Evaluate the Influence of Two Bupivacaine Concentrations on Peak Plasma After Ultrasound-guided Axillary Brachial Plexus Block [NCT02755532]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Completed
The Effect on Outcome of Adding Magnesium Sulphate to Bupivacaine in the Ultrasound-guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block Anesthesia [NCT02752334]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Completed
Comparison of Analgesic Efficacy of Ultrasound Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block With Port Site Infiltration Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy [NCT04167176]		44 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-09-15	Completed
Oblique Subcostal Transverses Abdominal Plane Block in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy [NCT02707250]	Phase 2/Phase 3	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-03-31	Recruiting
The Comparison of Lateral Sagittal vs Costoclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Children [NCT04215614]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-02	Completed
Effect of Intrapartum Epidural Fentanyl Upon Breastfeeding in the Immediate Postpartum Period: a Randomized, Controlled, Double-blinded Study [NCT01497509]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-05-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Study never started)
A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Efficacy of Perineural Local Anesthetics and Steroids for Chronic Post-traumatic Neuropathic Pain in the Ankle and the Foot: The PREPLAN Study [NCT02680548]	Early Phase 1	8 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-11-30	Completed
Epidural Analgesia Use in Pancreatic Resections [NCT02681796]	Phase 1	23 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-07	Completed
A Phase I, Single Centre, Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled, Single Ascending Dose-Escalation, Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profile of HYR-PB21 and Liposome Bupivacaine in Healthy Volunteers [NCT04169256]	Phase 1	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-03-03	Completed
Liposomal Bupivacaine/Bupivacaine A Single-Dose Bilateral Rectus Sheath Blocks Vs. Ropivacaine in Bilateral RS Blocks And Catheters, Comparing Pain Scores And Opioid Use Following Open Abdominal Vascular Surgery [NCT05972018]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-18	Recruiting
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Stellate Ganglion Block in Patients With Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema [NCT04165512]		22 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-01-07	Enrolling by invitation
[NCT02802683]	Phase 4	72 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Completed
The Analgesic Efficacy of Continuous Sub-fascial Bupivacaine Infusion and Lidocaine Patches in Post-cesarean Patients With Opiate Use Disorder: A Comparative Efficacy Analysis [NCT04033562]	Phase 4	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-15	Terminated(stopped due to limited enrollment and unable to enroll subjects to reach statistical significance)
Impact of Analgesia on Success of External Version: Comparison of Spinal Anesthesia Versus Sedation; Prospective, Controlled, Randomized Study [NCT02801201]	Phase 3	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Recruiting
A Phase 1, Open Label Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of EXPAREL® Following Subcutaneous Administration in Healthy Chinese Subjects [NCT04158102]	Phase 1	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-11-07	Completed
Evaluation of Ultrasound-Assisted Thoracic Epidural Placement in Patients Undergoing Upper Abdominal and Thoracic Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study [NCT02785055]		70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-04-30	Completed
Effects of Preoperative Fasting on ECG and Vital Parameters in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic and Urologic Surgery [NCT02773199]		100 participants (Actual)	Observational	2016-05-31	Completed
The Influence of Local Infiltration Analgesia by Catheter in Postoperative Control Pain After Total Hip Replacement [NCT02630160]	Phase 4	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-03-31	Completed
Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block in Proximal End Femur Fractures, Does it Make a Difference? [NCT02696915]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Completed
Combination of Dexamethasone and Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine Alone in Combined Femoral and Sciatic Nerve Block for Intraoperative and Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Lower Limb Vascular Surgeries [NCT02576782]	Phase 4	63 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-06-30	Completed
Analgesia for 2nd Trimester Termination of Pregnancy: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Intravenous Versus Epidural Patient Controlled Analgesia [NCT01563835]		42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Terminated(stopped due to Recruitment difficulty)
Efficacy of Paracervical Block in Laparoscopic Myomectomy: a Randomized Controlled Trial (PALM) [NCT04068766]		62 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-08-23	Recruiting
Comparison of the Effects of Serratus Plane Block and Erector Spinae Plane Block on Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Unilateral Breast Surgery [NCT04218149]	Phase 4	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-05-01	Completed
Pharmacological or Non-Pharmacological Management of Maternal Hypotension During Elective Cesarean Section Under Subarachnoid Anesthesia: a Randomized, Controlled Trial [NCT00991627]	Phase 4	36 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Completed
Quadratus Lumborum Block After Cesarean Section: Analgesic Efficacy of Different Concentrations of Local Anesthetics. A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT05643846]		196 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-02-28	Not yet recruiting
Postoperative Analgesic Effects of Using Bupivacaine Alone or Added Dexmedetomidine for Ultrasound Guided Thoracic Paravertebral Block in Thoracotomy [NCT02544893]	Phase 4	93 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Completed
Surgical Anesthesia for Elective Hip Surgery - Hemodynamic Effect of Lumbosacral Plexus Blockade Compared to Spinal Anesthesia [NCT02544269]	Phase 4	8 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-01	Terminated(stopped due to After pilot study no difference in the primary end point was found between the two primary. Non-inferiority trial not deemed feasible.)
Modified Versus Conventional Thoracolumbar Interfascial Plane Block for Perioperative Analgesia in Lumber Spine Surgery. A Randomized Controlled Study. [NCT05880017]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-12-01	Recruiting
Effect of Erector Spinae (ESP) Block on Opioid Reduction and Enhanced Recovery After Posterior Cervical Spine Surgery [NCT04646707]		52 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-02-17	Recruiting
Erector Spinae Plane Block in Different Volumes on Postoperative Pain Control Following Breast Surgery: A Randomized, Prospective Study [NCT05232084]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-01-27	Completed
Does the Addition of Epinephrine to Bilateral Ultrasound Guided Pterygopalatine Ganglion Block Reduce Bleeding During Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)? A Pilot Study [NCT03970655]	Phase 1/Phase 2	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-09-25	Recruiting
An Open-Label Study of Intraoperative CA-008 Administration in Subjects Undergoing Bunionectomy [NCT03885596]	Phase 2	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-25	Completed
A Single-center, Randomized, Single-blind Pilot Study to Evaluate Intravenous Methadone Versus EXPAREL Erector Spinae Plane Blockade in Pediatric Subjects Undergoing Adolescent and Juvenile Idiopathic Scoliosis Correction [NCT05730920]	Phase 4	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-10-19	Recruiting
Does Continuous Subcutaneous Paravertebral Infusion of Bupivicaine With the ON-Q Pain Relief System vs. Standard IV Pain Management Decrease Ventilator Dependence in Trauma Patients With Multiple Rib Fractures [NCT00880529]	Phase 4	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-02-28	Terminated(stopped due to low enrollment, 2 pts enrolled no data every analyzed investigator left the institution)
Effects of Volume and Dose of Local Anaesthetic Solution in Epidural Steroidal Injections for Patients With Chronic Lower Back Pain [NCT00887003]		252 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-05-31	Completed
Effect of Adding Magnesium Sulphate to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Pericapsular Nerve Group Block for Post Operative Analgesia in Hip Joints Surgeries [NCT06180031]	Phase 2/Phase 3	62 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-01	Not yet recruiting
Evaluation of Adding Magnesium Sulfate to (Fentanyl/Bupivacaine)Bi-mixture as an Adjuvant to Local Anesthesia in Caudal Block Among Pediatrics in Lower Abdominal Urological Surgeries. a Prospective Randomized Comparative Study [NCT06162806]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-14	Recruiting
The Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine in the Management of Post-operative Pain Following Septorhinoplasty: A Double-blinded, Prospective Clinical Trial [NCT05964868]	Phase 3	72 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-31	Not yet recruiting
Intrathecal Injection of Hyperbaric Bupivacaine Versus a Mixture of Hyperbaric and Isobaric Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT06050044]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-05-01	Completed
Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block and Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) Block Comparison on Postoperative Pain and the Need for Morphine in Gynecological Surgery Patients Who Underwent Median Incision in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital [NCT06044779]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-12-27	Completed
A Randomized, Controlled, Observer-blinded Pilot Trial of Laparoscopic Large Volume, Multisite Transversus Abdominal Plane (TAP) Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy for Endometrial Cancer [NCT05763667]	Phase 3	15 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-01	Not yet recruiting
Analgesic Effect of an Obturator Nerve Block Combined With a Femoral Nerve Block Compared With Femoral Nerve Block Alone in Patients With Hip Fracture [NCT02540837]	Phase 4	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-10-31	Recruiting
Benefit of Intraoperative TAP Blocks for Kidney Transplantation- a Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial [NCT05280197]		224 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-01-08	Active, not recruiting
A Multicenter, Prospective, Active Controlled, Real World, Phase 4 Study of EXPAREL in Multimodal Regimens Compared With Standard of Care for Postsurgical Pain Management in Subjects Undergoing Lumbar Posterior Spine Surgeries (FUSION) [NCT03927911]	Phase 4	65 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-07-31	Terminated(stopped due to Due to protocol feasibility given the rapid evolution of medical practice for spinal procedure. Data from approximately 65 FUSION study subjects will be analyzed with the intent to create either a future study or registry for this patient population.)
Comparison of Transcutaneous Pulsed Radiofrequency Therapy and Greater Occipital Nerve Block Efficiency in Migraine Headache [NCT05499689]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-22	Active, not recruiting
Comparing Analgesic Effects of Ultrasound-Guided Caudal and Erector Spinae Plane Blocks in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Upper Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blinded Study [NCT04204343]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-01	Completed
A Phase 1, Pilot, Open Label, Dose Escalation Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Safety, of EXPAREL Administered as Sciatic Nerve Block (In Popliteal Fossa), for Postsurgical Analgesia in Subjects Undergoing Bunionectomy [NCT04002089]	Phase 1	45 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-07-26	Completed
Efficacy of Preoperative Lidocaine Spray and Local Aensthetics-soaked Nasal Packings on Postoperative Pain After Nasal Closed Reduction [NCT03733275]		33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-12-03	Completed
The Effect Of An Anesthetic Procedure On Post Operative Pain Management In Carpal Tunnel Release [NCT03729375]	Phase 1	52 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-10-04	Completed
Local Anesthetic Response in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) and Healthy Volunteers [NCT04036305]		230 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2019-07-26	Enrolling by invitation
The Effects of Colloid Pre-Loading on D-Dimer of the Mother and Her Baby During Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia for Mild Preeclampsia [NCT02622126]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Completed
Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Transforaminal Epidural Injection in Chronic Discogenic Low Back Pain [NCT04212845]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-01-02	Recruiting
Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus for Labor Analgesia During First Stage of Labor: A Sequential Allocation Trial to Determine the Optimum Interval Time Between Boluses of a Fixed Volume of 10 ml of Bupivacaine 0.0625% Plus Fentanyl 2 mcg/ml. [NCT02550262]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Completed
Post-Operative Pain Control Using Direct Continuous Bupivacaine Infusion After Pelvic Organ Prolapse Repair [NCT00695240]	Phase 2/Phase 3	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2007-04-30	Recruiting
Nalbuphine as an Adjuvant to Caudal Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia in Children Undergoing Hypospadias Repair [NCT02618876]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-11-30	Completed
Post-operative Epidural Analgesia After Minimally Invasive Lumbar Decompression and Fusion [NCT00644111]		32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-02-29	Completed
Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Trial of Continuous Infusion of 0.5% Bupivacaine be Elastomeric Pump for Prospective Pain Management After Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair. [NCT00472134]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-12-31	Completed
Prospective Randomized Study Comparing 0, 1, and 2 Diagnostic Lumbar Medial Branch (Facet Joint) Blocks Before Radiofrequency Denervation in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Cost: Benefit Analysis. [NCT00484159]		151 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-02-28	Completed
Comparison of the Analgesic Duration of 0.5% Bupivacaine With 1:200,000 Epinephrine Versus 0.5% Ropivicaine Versus 1 % Ropivicaine for Low Volume Ultrasound-guided Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block [NCT02643563]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Completed
Ultrasound Guided Transversus Thoracic Muscle Plane Block for Open Heart Surgery: Randomized Controlled Double Blind Study [NCT04094532]		48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-10-01	Completed
Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Standard Bupivacaine Hydrochloride In Colorectal Surgery [NCT03702621]	Phase 3	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-30	Completed
Comparison of Clonidine and Morphine Plus Bupivacaine in Caudal Peridural Anesthesia for Postoperative Analgesia After Pediatric Urogenital Surgery [NCT00672347]	Phase 1/Phase 2	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-07-31	Completed
Addition of Liposomal Bupivacaine to Standard Bupivacaine Versus Standard Bupivacaine Alone in the Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05118399]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-11-15	Active, not recruiting
A Randomized, Double-blind Trial Comparing the Analgesic Efficacy and Side Effects of Continuous Intraarticular Infusion of Bupivacaine Versus Normal Saline in Patients Undergoing Knee and Shoulder Operations [NCT00314457]	Phase 4	16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-08-31	Terminated(stopped due to Bupivacaine has recently been shown to inhibit osteoclast formation in vitro.)
Intraoperative Injection of Exparel Effect on Postoperative Opioid Use in Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery [NCT04085913]	Early Phase 1	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-09-30	Enrolling by invitation
Comparative Study Between Levobupivacaine and Bupivacaine for Nerve Block During Pediatric Primary Cleft Palate Surgery [NCT02923869]	Phase 2/Phase 3	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Completed
Serum Bupivacaine Concentration Levels After Injection of the Knee Joint With a Mixture of Liposomal Bupivacaine and Free Bupivacaine During Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT02626559]		40 participants (Actual)	Observational	2015-11-30	Completed
Effect of Laparoscopic-Guided Transversus Abdominus Plane (TAP) Block on Opioid Consumption Using Dual-Adjunct Therapy With Dexmedetomidine and Dexamethasone Versus Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel®) Following Minimally Invasive Colorectal Surgery: A Single [NCT05216055]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-04-19	Withdrawn(stopped due to No Accrual. PI left Institution)
The Effect of Spinal Anesthesia Methods on Hemodynamics in Geriatric Patients [NCT05896631]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-06-08	Not yet recruiting
Effect of General and Regional Anesthesia on Fracture Healing [NCT02621255]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-11-30	Completed
Efficacy of Ultrasound-guided Bilateral Transversus Thoracic Muscle Plane Block as Postoperative Analgesia in Adult Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgeries: a Randomized Controlled Study. [NCT04116554]	Phase 4	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-12-27	Completed
Perioperative Analgesic Efficiency of Ultrasound Guided Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus Epidural Analgesia in Bladder Cancer Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy [NCT04133051]	Phase 2	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-11-15	Completed
Placebo-Controlled Randomized Double Blind Trial of Blocking Greater Occipital Nerve Block With Bupivacaine Versus Saline in the Treatment of Chronic Migraine [NCT02578719]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-07-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Local Drug Authority didn't give permission to start.)
Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial: Superior Hypogastric Nerve Block for Pain Control After Uterine Artery Embolization: Effect of Addition of Steroids on Duration of Analgesia [NCT04126824]	Early Phase 1	28 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-11-05	Recruiting
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Post-Operative Blood Loss and Transfusion Rate Following Total Joint Arthroplasty With Intra-articular Injection of Bupivacaine and Epinephrine [NCT00737139]		33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to Prohibitively expensive and efficacy of tranexamic acid rendered topic clinically less relevant.)
[NCT02581566]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
The Impact of Liposomal Bupivacaine Administered Following Placement of a Transobturator Suburethral Sling for Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial [NCT02591888]	Phase 4	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Terminated(stopped due to Difficult to enroll; since a similar research project on a different population showed no significance the study has been closed.)
Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus for Labor Analgesia During First Stage of Labor: A Sequential Allocation Trial to Determine the Optimum Interval Time Between Boluses of a Fixed Volume of 5 of Bupivacaine 0.125% Plus Fentanyl 2 mcg/ml. [NCT02758405]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Completed
Comparison Between Serratus Plane Block And Local Surgical Infiltration In Robotic Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery- A Randomised Controlled Trial [NCT03642457]	Phase 4	65 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-01	Terminated(stopped due to PI left institution and unable to find new PI)
Changes in Cardiac Output During Cesarean Delivery Under Spinal Anesthesia. A Prospective Observational Study Using Transthoracic Echocardiography [NCT05269537]		60 participants (Actual)	Observational	2022-03-12	Completed
[NCT02700217]		101 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-16	Completed
Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Intravenous Dexketoprofen-trometamol for Treatment of Reno-ureteral Colic: a Randomized Prospective Study [NCT04209439]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-01	Completed
Ultrasound-guided Quadratus Lumborum Block for Postoperative Analgesia After Colostomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02691403]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Not yet recruiting
Subarachnoidal Anesthesia: Dexmedetomidine vs Fentanyl Plus Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for Lower Abdomen Surgery [NCT02582372]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-31	Completed
Effect of Epidural Morphine and Midazolam on Postoperative Painin Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Cancer Surgery [NCT04033471]	Phase 1/Phase 2	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-07-01	Recruiting
A Phase II, Randomized, Single Dose, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety Profile of the CollaRx® Bupivacaine Implant (200 mg Bupivacaine Hydrochloride) in Men After Open Laparotomy Herniorrhaphy [NCT01220024]	Phase 2	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-12-02	Completed
Two Syringe Spinal Anesthesia Technique for Cesarean Section: A Controlled Randomized Study of a Simple Way to Achieve More Satisfactory Block and Less Hypotension [NCT02577432]		124 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-05-31	Completed
Ultrasound-guided Rectus Sheath Block for Post-operative Pain Control Following Umbilical Hernia Repair [NCT00836134]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-02-28	Completed
Can Loco-regional Anesthesia With Liposomal Bupivacaine Reduce Intra- and Post-operative Narcotic Use in Patients Undergoing Lower Extremity Revascularization? A Prospective, Triple Blinded, Randomized Trial. [NCT05992896]	Phase 4	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-26	Recruiting
A Randomized-Double Blinded Trial Comparing the Analgesic Efficacy and Side Effects of Rectus Sheath Block vs. Infiltration of Surgical Site for Post Operative Pain Control After Umbilical Hernia Repair Surgery [NCT00578136]		52 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-11-30	Completed
A Trial to Determine the Optimal Bupivacaine Dose for Initiation of Labor Epidural Pain Relief With a Lidocaine Test Dose [NCT06146842]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-01	Not yet recruiting
A Analgesic Study of Adductor Canal &IPACK Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine in Knee Arthroplasty ：A Randomized，Double-controlled，Parallel-controlled，Single-center Study [NCT06145165]	Phase 1	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-01	Recruiting
Ultrasound Guided Bilateral Erector Spinae Block as Analgesia for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Correction [NCT04336046]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-04-04	Recruiting
"Randomized Controlled Trial of Repeat vs. Single Quadratus Lumborum Block to Reduce Opioid Prescriptions After Open Resection of Retroperitoneal Sarcoma (RESQU-SARC Trial)" [NCT04189783]	Phase 2	113 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-06-08	Active, not recruiting
The Comparison of Intrathecal Bupivacaine With Fentanyl and Levobupivacaine With Fentanyl for Labour Analgesia [NCT04221568]	Phase 1	70 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-03-01	Not yet recruiting
Comparison of Postoperative Hemodynamics After High Spinal Block With or Without Intrathecal Morphine in Cardiac Surgeries. [NCT02825056]	Early Phase 1	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-07-31	Not yet recruiting
Intrathecal Atropine to Prevent Nausea and Vomiting After Spinal Anesthesia With Morphine for Elective Caesarean Section: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT00921102]	Phase 4	216 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-05-31	Completed
The Effect of Local Anesthesia and Simple Maneuver on Shoulder Pain After Gynecologic Laparoscopy [NCT01039441]	Phase 2	291 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-12-31	Completed
Liposomal Bupivacaine vs Peripheral Nerve Block [NCT03922620]	Phase 4	1 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-23	Terminated(stopped due to Additional published information on the topic since starting the study)
Evaluation Effect of Adding Dexmedetomidine to Bupivacaine for Paravertebral Block in Femoral Fractures [NCT02801188]		88 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-10-01	Completed
Comparison Between Ropivacaine and Liposomal Bupivacaine Periarticular Injections for Pain Relief After Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT02616367]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-12-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Study never initiated)
Bupivacaine 1.3% Liposomal Suspension (Exparel) vs Continuous Perineural Ropivacaine Infusion in the Management of Post-operative Pain Following Total Shoulder Arthroplasty; An Open-label, Randomized, Controlled Study [NCT02787226]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-08-31	Terminated(stopped due to Low enrollment)
Analgesic Efficacy of Two Different Volumes of Local Anesthetics in Ultrasound-guided Modified Approach of Thoracolumbar Block in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spine Surgeries; a Randomized Controlled Trial. [NCT05276908]		80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-03-03	Completed
The Analgesic Effect of Ultrasound Guided Bilateral Pecto Intercostal Fascial Plane Block on Sternal Wound Pain After Open Heart Surgeries [NCT04134637]		70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-10-01	Completed
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Closed Hemorrhoidectomy Under Local Perianal Block Versus Spinal Anesthesia [NCT00925912]		64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-12-31	Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial : Comparison of 4% Articaine Versus 0.5% Bupivacaine for Ambulatory Orthopaedic Surgery Under Supraclavicular Block [NCT04189198]	Phase 1	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-12-30	Completed
Regional Anaesthesia for Painful Injuries After Disasters (RAPID) Study: A Randomized Trial [NCT02698228]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Study did not occur)
The Analgesic Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plan Block in Patients Undergoing ESWL [NCT04213924]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-06-01	Not yet recruiting
Paravertebral Block for Inguinal Hernia Repair in Elderly: Randomized Double-blinded Clinical Trial [NCT02537860]		200 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-12-31	Completed
Evaluation of Duration of Anesthesia and Patient Satisfaction After Retrobulbar Block Applied in Cataract Surgery [NCT04178200]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2019-12-16	Not yet recruiting
Comparison of Dexmedetomidine and Bupivacaine With Bupivacaine Alone on the Quality of Ultrasonography Guided Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block in Adults Undergoing Femur Fracture Fixation Surgery [NCT02658760]	Phase 3	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Recruiting
Transversus Abdominis Plan Block Applied in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomies Effective By Which Method: Ultrasound or Laparoscopic? [NCT04634721]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-11-01	Completed
Comparison of Liposomal Bupivacaine, Plain Bupivacaine, and Placebo for Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks: A Randomized, Blinded Trial [NCT04685876]	Phase 3	237 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-04	Recruiting
Enhanced Recovery After Cesarean Section With Low Dose Intrathecal Morphine. A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study. [NCT04618146]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-11-10	Recruiting
Steroid Injection for the Treatment of Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT00863889]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-03-31	Withdrawn
Epidural Analgesia and Delivery of Second Twin: Prospective Observational Study [NCT04608006]		124 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2014-11-03	Completed
Analyzing the Efficacy of Peri-operative Intercostal Nerve Blocks ICNB for Acute Postoperative Pain Control in Reconstructive Breast Surgery and Mammoplasty [NCT04606836]	Phase 4	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-12-07	Recruiting
Postoperative Pain Control After Enucleation or Evisceration, a Double-Masked Randomized Controlled Trial of Standard Versus Slow-release Bupivacaine [NCT02381353]	Phase 4	70 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Recruiting
Postoperative Quality of Recovery After Transurethral Resection of the Bladder: Spinal Versus General Anesthesia [NCT02534623]		70 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Not yet recruiting
A Comparison of the Analgesic Effects of Rectus Sheath and Transversus Thoracis Plane Blocks (ABC Blocks) Versus Saline Injection for Median Sternotomy: a Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial. [NCT05589363]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-31	Not yet recruiting
Plasmatic Catecholamines After Neuraxial Labor Analgesia: a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Epidural Versus Combined Spinal-epidural [NCT02666794]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-07-12	Completed
A Randomized Control Trial Evaluating Pain Outcomes of Ketorolac Administration in Children Undergoing Circumcision [NCT04646967]	Phase 2	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-25	Recruiting
Determining the Minimum Effective Volume of Local Anesthetic for Ultrasound-guided Axillary Brachial Plexus Block [NCT01421914]		19 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-12-31	Completed
Parturient Controlled Epidural Analgesia (PCEA) With or Without a Basal Infusion for Early Labor [NCT00871442]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-05-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to would not substantially add to existing contributions in the literature)
Pilot Evaluation of a Stellate Ganglion Block for the Treatment of Hot Flashes [NCT00879164]	Early Phase 1	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-04-30	Completed
Prospective Randomized Control Trial Evaluating Single Shot Exparel Versus Indwelling Interscalene Catheter for Total Shoulder Replacements- A Pilot Study [NCT03827213]	Phase 2	23 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-22	Terminated(stopped due to Ran out of medication)
Effect of Bilateral Scalp Nerve Blocks on Post-operative Pain and Discharge Times in Patients Undergoing Supra-tentorial Craniotomy and General Anaesthesia [NCT00972790]		89 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-03-31	Completed
The Effectiveness of Selective Nerve Root Injections in Preventing the Need for Surgery in Patients With Lumbar Disc Herniations [NCT01073995]	Phase 3	54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-03-31	Completed
Comparison Between Different Anaesthesia Techniques for Protecting Renal Function in Children Undergoing Radicle Nephrectomy [NCT05271253]	Phase 2/Phase 3	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-04-10	Completed
Comparison of Analgesic Effects of Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block With Bupivacaine and Bupivacaine With Morphine in Patient Undergoing Open Unilateral Inguinal Hernia Repair Under Spinal Anaesthesia [NCT05379374]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-18	Completed
Ultrasound Guided Retrolaminar Block Versus Ilioinguinal Nerve Block for Surgery of Inguinal Hernia in Children [NCT04266132]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-05-17	Recruiting
Continuous Erector Spinae Plane Local Anesthetic Infusion for Postoperative Analgesia in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Nephrectomy: Randomized Controlled Study [NCT04613830]	Phase 3	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-11-20	Completed
Duration of Blockade of Peripheral Nerves With Low Concentrated Bupivacaine Solution Depending of the Adjuvants [NCT04498923]		68 participants (Actual)	Observational	2018-01-01	Completed
The Evaluation of the Analgesic Effect of Intraperitoneal Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine With Neostigmine on Postoperative Pain in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy:A Prospective, Randomized, Comparative, Double-blind Study. [NCT04244097]	Phase 2	56 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-04-10	Completed
Epidural Neostigmine Dose Response for the Treatment of Labor Pain [NCT00779467]	Phase 1	200 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-10-31	Completed
Efficacy of Local Anesthetic Through Continuous Infusion Following Laparotomy Procedures. [NCT04173312]	Phase 3	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-04	Recruiting
A Randomized, Phase 4 Study of the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Bupivacaine Administered as Liposomal Bupivacaine or Continuous Infusion Via Elastomeric Pump Following Unilateral Open Inguinal Herniorrhaphy [NCT04102267]	Phase 4	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-02	Completed
Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Study for Comparison of Surgical Rectus Sheath and Intrathecal Morphine for Postoperative Pain Control After Caesarean Section [NCT02790099]	Phase 4	144 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Completed
Comparative Evaluation of Intrathecal Bupivacaine-fentanyl and Bupivacaine-dexmedetomidine for Elective Low Segment Caesarean Section [NCT04095013]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-02-01	Completed
Laparoscopic Transversus Abdominis Plane Block (LTAP) (Tap Block) for Appendicectomy Versus Standard Port Site Treatment [NCT05427266]		172 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-31	Not yet recruiting
Surgical Wound Infiltration With Sodium Diclofenac Versus Bupivacaine in the Treatment of Acute Postoperative Pain Following Appendectomy [NCT02752971]	Phase 3	43 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Completed
Thoracic Paravertebral Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Standard Bupivacaine Combined With Dexamethasone for Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Liver Resection [NCT06173466]		96 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-15	Recruiting
Influence of Anesthetic Temperature on Cephalad Sensory Blockade With Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery [NCT00815022]		400 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-12-31	Completed
Pilot Study Investigating the Utility of Epidural AlloGen-LI Injection for Treatment of Spinal Stenosis Symptoms [NCT02932020]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Withdrawn
Preemptive Single Dose Tizanidine and Ultrasound Guided Superficial Cervical Block on Pain After Thyroidectomy [NCT02725359]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-04-30	Completed
Postoperative Analgesic Efficacy of Transversus Abdominis Plane Block by Bupivacaine With Two Different Concentrations in Pediatric Patient Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery [NCT02723487]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-04-30	Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial of ZYNRELEF Versus Standard of Care for Pain Management Following Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT05644496]	Phase 4	242 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-09	Recruiting
Intraoperative Surgical Wound Infiltration vs Quadratus Lumborum (QL) Block for Post-operative Pain Control After Nephrectomy in Living Donor Kidney Transplant Patients [NCT03496610]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-01-25	Completed
Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus for Labor Analgesia During First Stage of Labor: A Sequential Allocation Trial to Determine the Optimum Interval Time Between Boluses of a Fixed Volume of 5 ml of Bupivacaine 0.125% Plus Fentanyl 2 mcg/ml [NCT02887222]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Completed
General Anesthesia Versus Spinal Anesthesia Combined With Intrathecal Morphine in Abdominal Hysterectomy for Benign Gynecological Diseases. A Randomized Open Controlled Study. [NCT00527332]	Phase 4	180 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-03-31	Completed
Laparoscopic Combined Hypo Gastric Neural Plexus Block and Uterosacral Nerve Block for Patients With Chronic Idiopathic Pelvic Pain [NCT05345782]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-04-20	Recruiting
VaReFi Validity and Reliability of Diagnostic Findings of SI Joint Blocking [NCT01874236]	Phase 4	28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-04-22	Terminated(stopped due to Data could not be interpreted. Re-design efforts failed.)
Perineural Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine-induced Ultrasound-guided Femoral Nerve Block. [NCT01964040]	Phase 4	45 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Active, not recruiting
Ultrasound Guided Erector Spinae Block Using a Combination of Bupivacaine and Dexmedetomidine Versus Bupivacaine and Magnesium Sulfate for Postoperative Analgesia in Lumbar Spine Surgery [NCT05694897]		52 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-07-30	Completed
Comparison of the Effects of Levobupivacaine and Bupivacaine on Heart Rate Variability in Spinal Anesthesia [NCT00974961]	Phase 4	70 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Recruiting
Use of Long-acting Local Analgesia in Bariatrics: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03975283]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-08-31	Not yet recruiting
Randomized Trial to Determine the Effect of Dorsal Penile Block on Post-Robotic Prostatectomy Foley Discomfort [NCT01565512]	Phase 1/Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-11-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to Lack of funding, PI left the institution, poor enrollment)
Effect of Bilateral Ultrasound Guided Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus Lumbar Epidural Block on Postoperative Analgesia, and Inflammatory Response Following Major Lower Abdominal Cancer Surgery [NCT03958942]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-06-01	Recruiting
Improved Pain Relief Using Intermittent Bupivacain Injections at the Donor Site After Breast Reconstruction With Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator (DIEP) Flap [NCT00804674]	Phase 2	47 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-08-31	Completed
Comparison of Intraoperative and Postoperative Effects of Erector Spinae Plane Block and Rectus Sheath Block [NCT05225766]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-02-25	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Magnesium Sulfate Added to Local Anesthetic in TAP Block for Postoperative Analgesia Following Total Abdominal Hysterectomy. [NCT02930707]	Phase 2/Phase 3	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Active, not recruiting
Comparison Between Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine in Deep Topical Fornix Nerve Block Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery by Phacoemulsification. [NCT02925832]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Completed
Patient Controlled Epidural Infusion Vs. Continuous Epidural Infusion: Obstetrical and Neonatal Outcomes [NCT00810914]		270 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2006-03-31	Recruiting
Efficacy of Neostigmine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound-guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block as a Postoperative Analgesia After Caesarean Delivery. [NCT05785377]		58 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-01	Not yet recruiting
Comparison of the Time to the First Rescue Analgesic Among Parturients Receiving Intrathecal Additive Fentanyl or Intrathecal Fentanyl With TAP Block or TAP Block Alone for Elective Cesarean Sections Under Hyperbaric Bupivacaine Spinal Anesthesia [NCT05550597]		93 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-08-15	Completed
Combined Spinal-Epidural Versus Traditional Labor Epidural: A Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing Maternal and Fetal Effects [NCT00151346]	Phase 4	127 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-10-31	Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Paravertebral Morphine Versus Dexmedetomidine on Acute and Chronic Pain [NCT02935933]	Phase 1/Phase 2	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Active, not recruiting
Does Patient-Controlled Infraclavicular Perineural Dexmedetomidine Improve Postoperative Analgesia Deadline? [NCT02550782]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Completed
Minimum Effective Concentration of Bupivacaine for Motor-Sparing Femoral Nerve Block [NCT02909257]	Phase 4	31 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to inadequate methodology to determine primary outcome)
[NCT00819962]	Early Phase 1	42 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Recruiting
Low Dose Spinal Bupivacaine for Total Knee Arthroplasty and Recovery Room Wait Time [NCT00537472]		140 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-10-31	Completed
Comparative Study Between Ketamine-Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine With Intravenous Ketamine Infusion In Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block During Upper Limb Surgeries [NCT05315271]	Early Phase 1	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-06-01	Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Cervical Sympathetic Block in Patients With Cerebral Vasospasm Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - Pilot Study [NCT00930072]	Phase 2	7 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-04-30	Terminated(stopped due to Poor Enrollment)
Retrospective Investigation of Postoperative Pain Perception After Laparoscopic Tubal Sterilization [NCT01062087]		62 participants (Actual)	Observational	2010-01-31	Completed
Ultrasound-guided Bilateral Dual Transversus Abdominis Plane (BD-TAP) Block: Description of a Novel Four-point Ultrasound-guided TAP Block Approach [NCT01040234]		30 participants (Actual)	Observational	2009-11-30	Completed
Does Ultrasound-guided Ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric Block Improve Postoperative Pain Outcome After Unilateral Inguinal Hernia Repair? [NCT01326039]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-05-31	Recruiting
Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial of Locally Instilled Bupivacaine in the Surgical Bed After Unilateral Mastectomy Without Reconstruction [NCT03351348]	Phase 3	144 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-11-16	Recruiting
Efficacy of Intraperitoneal Local Anaesthetic Techniques During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01090882]		128 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-07-31	Completed
Role of Peritubal Infiltration of 0.25% Bupivacaine in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in Postoperative Pain Control [NCT02198027]	Phase 4	68 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Recruiting
Effect of Local Anesthesia in Patients With Marginal Periodontitis Undergoing Scaling and Root Planning [NCT01878864]	Phase 2	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-11-30	Terminated(stopped due to Too slow patient inclusion and superior effect of the injection)
The Comparison of the Discharge Conditions and Efficacy of Spinal Anesthesia With Heavy Prilocaine-Fentanyl and Heavy Bupivacaine-Fentanyl in Outpatient Minor Perianal Surgery [NCT01880775]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-04-30	Completed
Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block vs. Trigger Point Injection for Abdominal Wall Pain: A Randomized Comparative Trial [NCT01906944]	Phase 2	62 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-01-31	Completed
An Ultrasound Guided Fascia Iliaca Block Placed at the Level of the Inguinal Ligament for Analgesia After Hip Arthroplasty [NCT01911949]		24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Completed
Analgesia Requirement and Maternal Satisfaction Following Epidural PCA in Nulliparous Labor: the Effect of a Four-Fold Change in Local Anesthetic Concentration. [NCT00197327]	Phase 3	60 participants	Interventional	1998-02-28	Completed
The Value of Short-term Pain Relief for the Prediction of Long-term Outcome After Cervical or Lumbar Nerve Root Infiltration [NCT01945554]		250 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Completed
A Randomised Comparison Between Combined Femoral Triangle Block+IPACK Block and Femoral Triangle Block for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Analgesia [NCT05068063]		48 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-06-01	Recruiting
Efficiency of Multi-Modal Anesthesia (MMA) Protocol in Pain Control and Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Posterior Lumbar Spinal Fusion Surgery [NCT05413902]	Phase 4	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-04-05	Completed
Randomized Prospective Study Comparing Exparel Erector Spinae Plane Block vs Simple Bupivacaine Erector Spinae Plane Block vs Exparel Surgeon Infiltration for Postoperative Analgesia Following Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery [NCT03859635]	Phase 3	125 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-02-07	Completed
A Phase IV Randomized, Single-Blind Trial of Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel®) for Pain Control in Costal Cartilage Harvest [NCT05285566]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-05-04	Recruiting
Steroid Injections vs. Platelet Rich Plasma Injections in Patients With Plantar Fasciitis: A Comparison of Clinical and Ultrasound Findings [NCT01957631]	Phase 2/Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-06-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to Lack of funding)
Pharmacodynamic Profile of Intrathecal Hypobaric Local Anesthetics. An Observational Study [NCT06166394]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2023-06-09	Recruiting
Comparison of the Effects of Bupivacaine or Levobupivacaine on Cerebral Oxygenation During Intrathecal Anesthesia in Elderly Patients Who Underwent Hip Fracture Repair [NCT01960543]	Phase 4	58 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-10-31	Completed
Comparison of the Efficacy and Cost Analysis of Regional Anesthesia and Intravenous Fentanyl for Postoperative Pain Management in Patients Undergoing Hullax Valgus Surgery [NCT01960595]	Phase 4	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Active, not recruiting
[NCT01961752]		111 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-07-31	Completed
Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block (TAPB) vs Surgical TAPB With Bupivacaine for Acute Pain Control in Cesarean Section: A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT05750992]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-04-10	Recruiting
The Effect of Topical Administration of Tranexamic Acid, Adrenaline and Bupivacain on Postoperative Bleeding and Pain in Patients Undergoing Breast Surgery. A Four-armed Placebo-controlled Double Blinded Randomized Study [NCT01964781]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Completed
Efficacy of Combined US-Guided Supraclavicular Block and Interscalene Analgesia Versus an Intercostobrachial Nerve Block Versus PCA With Fentanyl on Preventing Tourniquet Pain in Forearm Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT05602636]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-12-10	Recruiting
Effect of Ilioinguinal Blockage on Postoperative Pain After Laparoscopic Inguinal Herna Repair [NCT01969006]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Another study has been planned, so we did not initiate this one.)
Determination of the Effective Volume of the 0.125% Bupivacaine-fentanyl 5mcg/mL Mixture Used for Epidural Analgesia in Labor [NCT01972269]		80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-10-31	Completed
Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial (PRCT) Comparing Standard Analgesia With Multi-modal Targeted Operative and Port-Site Local Anesthesia for Post-Operative Pain Management in Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LapChole) [NCT01972620]		63 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-02-28	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Control Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Single Injection Femoral Nerve Block With Liposome Bupivacaine for Postsurgical Analgesia in Subjects Undergoing Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT01977339]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to New departmental administration, loss of key study faculty)
An Evaluation of Post Caesarean-Section Pain Control Regimens: Non-Opioid Oral Regimen With and Without Transversus Abdominis Plane Block [NCT01982929]		180 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Completed
Phase 3 Study Comparing Transversus Abdominis Plane Block After Caesarian Section Usin Bupivacaine 0.5% vs. Bupivacaine 0.25% vs. Placebo (Normal Saline). [NCT01986049]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Withdrawn(stopped due to We never collected data or started to recruit participants)
Perioperative Pain Management for Cleft Lip Repair in Children, Bilateral Infraorbital Nerve Block Versus Conventional Methods( Combined IV Fentanyl With Peri Incisional Infiltration). A Randomized Comparative Study [NCT04614259]		76 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-11-15	Not yet recruiting
Does Saphenous Nerve Block Improve Analgesia After Total Knee Replacement When Used in Combination With Local Infiltration Analgesia? A Prospective Randomised Double Blinded Trial. [NCT01991288]	Phase 4	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-11-30	Completed
Intraductal Liposomal Bupivacaine as a Therapeutic Trial to Determine the Contribution of Peripheral Versus Central Sensitization in the Pathogenesis of Pain in Chronic Pancreatitis- a Pilot and Feasibility Study [NCT04611958]	Early Phase 1	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-07-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to The FDA requirements for the IND are not feasible to complete.)
Regional Anesthesia Block of the Transversus Abdominis Plane in Children Undergoing Gastric Tube Insertion [NCT00564655]	Phase 3	3 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-10-31	Terminated
Study Phase III to Evaluate the Noninferiority of Heavy Levobupivacaine 50% Enantiomeric Excess (Levobupivacaine S75:R25) Compared to Racemic Heavy Bupivacaine (Bupivacaine S50:R50) in Spinal Anesthesia for Lower Limb Orthopedic Procedures [NCT01994967]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to Another regulatory way was defined.)
Liposomal Bupivacaine vs Bupivacaine for Pain Control After Sternotomy [NCT04585867]	Phase 1	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-10-11	Recruiting
The Comparison of Two Different Doses of Morphine Added to Spinal Bupivacaine for Inguinal Hernia Repair. [NCT02001948]	Phase 4	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-07-31	Completed
Analgesic Efficacy of Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Caudal Dexmedetomidine in Children Undergoing Abdominal Surgeries [NCT06183073]	Phase 2	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-04-02	Recruiting
The Effect of Dexamethasone on the Duration and Functionality of Bupivacaine Intercostal Nerve Blockade [NCT02005575]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-10-31	Active, not recruiting
The Comparison of Supraperiosteal Nerve Block With Opiate Analgesia in Alleviating the Pain of Toothache [NCT00574015]	Phase 4	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-12-31	Completed
A Prospective Randomized Study Comparing Different Types of Local Anesthesia in Outpatient Procedural Hysteroscopy [NCT05967936]		242 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-01	Not yet recruiting
A Randomized Trial of a Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block With Bupivacaine for Acute Headache [NCT05707754]	Phase 1	220 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-06	Recruiting
Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Unilateral Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Pediatrics [NCT04539314]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-08-01	Completed
Ketamine Versus Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant in Ultrasound-guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block [NCT04508894]		75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-04-21	Completed
Ultrasound-guided Quadratus Luborum Block Using Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine-Dexamethasone for Postoperative Analgesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy [NCT03956966]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-11-20	Completed
Efficacy of Opioid-limiting Pain Management Protocol in Men Undergoing Urethroplasty [NCT03859024]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-22	Completed
Comparison of the Effects of Femoral Nerve Block and Adductor Canal Block on Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT04286035]	Phase 4	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-04-02	Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Ultrasound Guided Paravertebral Dexmedetomidine for Postoperative Pain Relief in Video Assisted Thoracoscopy Surgery [NCT02886429]	Phase 2	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Completed
A Comparison of the Analgesic Efficacy of Oral Opioid Medication vs. Injected Local Anesthetic in Emergency Department Patients With Toothache [NCT02862691]	Phase 2	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-08-01	Terminated(stopped due to Difficulty recruiting patients)
Continuous Erector Spinae Plane Blocks to Treat Pain Following Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial [NCT05121168]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-03-16	Enrolling by invitation
Bupivacaine Pharmacokinetics in Children Following Transversus Abdominis Plane Block [NCT02015182]		20 participants (Actual)	Observational	2011-09-30	Completed
Assessment Of Pain Subsidence And Sexual Function Amelioration Using Either Pelvic Rehabilitation Or Trigger Point Injections [NCT02022722]	Phase 4	36 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Recruiting
The Comparison of Hyperbaric Bupivacaine Plus Fentanyl and Hyperbaric Levobupivacaine Plus Fentanyl Administered Intrathecally in Patients Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section [NCT02025374]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Completed
UROLOGICAL SURGERIES IN CHILDREN: Comparison Between 0.25% Bupivacaine and 0.25% Bupivacaine withDexmedetomidine in the Caudal Block [NCT05919173]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-07-10	Completed
Value of IPACK Block (Interspace Between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of Knee) With Spinal Anesthesia Versus Fentanyl Based Spinal Anesthesia on Postoperative Analgesia for Knee Arthroscopic Meniscectomy [NCT05833776]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-01-01	Completed
A Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Analgesic Effects of Three Ultrasound-guided Regionel Anesthetic Techniques in Pediatrics: Caudal Analgesia, Transversus Abdominis Plane and Quadratus Lumborum Blocks [NCT03780790]		135 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-12-28	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Liposomal Bupivacaine for Thoracic Paravertebral Nerve Block Combined With Drainage Tube Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia After Thoracoscopic Lobectomy [NCT06165991]	Phase 4	228 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-01	Not yet recruiting
Motor Sparing Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block (MS-SCBPB): A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT06074471]		44 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-25	Recruiting
A Randomize Double-Blind Control Trial Study Comparing Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Celiac Plexus Neurolysis W/Wo Bupivacaine In Patient Being Treated Palliatively For Pancreatic Cancer [NCT02682082]		22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-27	Terminated(stopped due to Closed by CHUM REB for incomplete documentation of research activities.)
A Novel Application of Exparel for Postoperative Pain Management in Shoulder Arthroplasty and Humerus Fracture Fixation [NCT02472314]	Phase 4	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Completed
The Comparison of the Erector Spinae Plane Block and Wound Infiltration on Postoperative Opioid Consumption in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery [NCT04313764]		48 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-06-18	Not yet recruiting
Evaluation of the Effect of Serratus Anterior Block and Erector Spinae Block on Postoperative Analgesia in Thoracic Surgeries [NCT04579302]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-11-01	Completed
Phase 1, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active and Placebo Controlled, Dose Escalation Study to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of EXPAREL® Administered Via a Single Intrathecal Injection to Healthy Volunteers. [NCT04173611]	Phase 1	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-06-08	Terminated(stopped due to Terminated for strategic and administrative reasons)
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Two-Way Cross-Over Study of Analgesic Efficacy of Bupivacaine Transdermal Therapeutic System in Patients With Post-Herpetic Neuralgia [NCT00478179]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-09-30	Completed
Ultrasound-guided Ipsilateral Transverse Abdominis Plane and Ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric Nerve Block Versus Ipsilateral Illioinguinal- Illiohypogastric Nerve Block for Inguinal Hernia Repair in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis [NCT04553328]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-09-01	Completed
Interscalene Catheter vs. Interscalene Liposomal Bupivacaine for Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair [NCT04571606]		80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-10-14	Completed
Bupivacaine Versus Meloxicam Infiltration on Post Cesarean Section Pain Relief [NCT04538391]		105 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-03	Completed
The Efficacy Of Magnesium In Radicular Lower Limb Pain When It Is Added To Local Anesthetics And Steroids In The Transforaminal Epidural Injections. A Comparative Study [NCT04532775]	Phase 1	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-08-30	Not yet recruiting
Comparative Study Between Combined General Anesthesia With Peribulbar Block Versus Traditional General Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Strabismus Surgery [NCT04549844]	Phase 4	70 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-08-14	Recruiting
Comparison of Effectiveness of Adding Ketamine or Neostigmine to Bupivacaine for Ultrasound Guided Serratus Anterior Plane Block in Modified Radical Mastectomy , Randomized Double Blinded Comparative Study. [NCT04544228]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-09-05	Completed
Influence Of Low Dose Intrathecal Naloxone On Bupivacaine - Fentanyl Spinal Anaesthesia For Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgery In Elderly Patients [NCT04673812]		92 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-12-10	Completed
Prospective, Double-blind, Randomized Study to Evaluate a Single Shot Adductor Canal Nerve Block Versus Femoral Nerve Block Combined With LIA (Local Infiltration Analgesia): Early Postoperative Period Functional Outcomes After Total Knee Replacement [NCT02218814]		106 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-08-31	Completed
Efficacy of Adding Dexmedetomidine Versus Ibuprofen as an Adjuvant to Intraperitoneal Bupivacaine for Pain Control After Laparoscopic Gynecological Procedures: a Double-blind Randomized Comparative Study [NCT06046105]	Phase 2/Phase 3	180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-15	Not yet recruiting
Comparative Study Between Ultrasound Guided Pericapsular Nerve Block Versus iv Sedation Analgesia in Reduction of Shoulder Dislocation, Double Blinded Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT06034873]	Phase 2	42 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-15	Recruiting
Isolated Adductor Canal Block vs Adductor Canal Block With IPACK in ACL Reconstruction: A Randomized, Prospective Trial [NCT05316168]	Phase 3	154 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-30	Enrolling by invitation
Analgesia for Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgeries: A Comparison Between Intercostal Blocks With Liposomal Bupivacaine and Paravertebral Blocks With Plain Bupivacaine [NCT04864210]	Phase 2	128 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-02-02	Recruiting
Ultrasound-guided Pec Infiltration With Liposomal Bupivacaine for Breast Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Study [NCT03599635]	Phase 4	112 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-07-01	Recruiting
A Randomized Study of Whether General or Regional Anesthesia for Patients Undergoing Elective Total Knee Arthroplasty Could Effect Length of Hospital Stay [NCT01604382]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Completed
The Influence of Body-mass Index on the Outcome of Spinal Anesthesia for Total Knee Replacement Arthroplasty [NCT01609517]		209 participants (Actual)	Observational	2012-05-31	Completed
Long-term Outcome After Radical Lymph Node Dissection of Malignant Melanoma. Comparison Between Regional Versus General Anesthesia With Respect to Impact of Perioperative Immunoediting and Validation of New Potential Predictive Biomarkers [NCT01588847]		230 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Recruiting
Effects of Intravenous Local Anesthetic on Bowel Function After Colectomy [NCT00600158]	Phase 3	45 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-04-30	Completed
Clinical Outcomes of an Adductor Canal Block Versus Liposomal Bupivacaine in Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients: A Randomized Prospective Study [NCT04086186]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-03-22	Completed
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Effects of Combined Spinal Epidural Analgesia on Intrapartum Fever. [NCT00802646]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-06-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to study moved to alternate site)
The Use of Continuous Wound Infusion Analgesia in Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT00724074]		20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional		Not yet recruiting
A Double Blinded Randomized Control Trial in Outcomes for Lumbar Decompressions With Use of Liposomal Bupivicaine [NCT04066296]	Phase 2	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-09-08	Recruiting
Efficacy of Modified Thoracoabdominal Nerves Block Through Perichondrial Approach in Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomies on Postoperative Pain [NCT06116409]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2023-09-01	Enrolling by invitation
Effect of Bupivacaine Concentration on Ultrasound Guided Pericapsular Group Nerve Block Efficacy in Hip Surgery Patients: A Randomized Controlled Double Blinded Trial [NCT05788458]	Phase 4	135 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-04-01	Completed
Impact of Intrathecal Morphine on Sleep Apnea Syndrome After Hip Arthroplasty Performed Under Spinal Anaesthesia [NCT02566226]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-11-30	Completed
Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Allocation Concealed Study Comparing the Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine Over Standard Bupivacaine Plus Dexamethasone in Quadriceps Sparing Femoral Nerve Block and Wound Infiltration for Primary Total Knee Arthro [NCT02624856]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-11-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to Lack of funding)
Intraperitoneal Bupivicaine Infusion Using the On-Q Pain Pump After Laparoscopic Surgery [NCT00533845]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-09-30	Completed
Evaluation of Anesthesia Profile in Pediatric Patients After Inguinal Hernia Repair With Caudal Block or Local Wound Infiltration [NCT02620566]	Phase 1/Phase 2	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Completed
Effectiveness of Patient-Controlled Intravenous Analgesia (PCIA) With Fentanyl Background Infusion for Total Hip Replacement [NCT05429567]	Phase 1	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-03-01	Completed
Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine for Interscalene Nerve Block for Postoperative Pain Control in Shoulder Arthroplasty/Arthroscopy: a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04180943]	Phase 4	85 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-12-13	Completed
Laparoscopic-assisted Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block for Laparoscopic Total Extra Peritoneal (TEP) Inguinal Hernia Repair: a Prospective, Double-blinded, Randomized, Clinical Trial [NCT02632136]	Phase 3	86 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-11-30	Recruiting
Efficacy of Transverses Abdominis -Plane Block With Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine With Morphine in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Cancer Surgery [NCT02566096]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Completed
A Prospective Randomized Case Series Comparison on the Clinical Efficacy of Exparel Local Anesthetic in Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients [NCT02765815]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-29	Withdrawn(stopped due to competing protocol)
Isobaric Ropivacaine 15 mg Versus Hyperbaric Bupivacaine 12.5 mg for Spinal Anesthesia in Geriatric Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT02764723]		52 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Completed
A Comparison of Dexamethasone and Triamcinolone in Combination With Bupivacaine for Ultrasound-guided Occipital C2 Nerve Blocks: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02655523]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-12-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to lack of recruitment)
Cardiac Output Changes During Hyperbaric and Isobaric Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section: An Randomization Trials [NCT02737813]	Phase 4	168 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-29	Completed
Comparison Of Immune Response And Analgesic Effects Of Caudally Administrated Tramadol In Pediatric Lower Abdominal Surgery [NCT02703415]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-30	Completed
The Effect of Subsartorial Saphenous Block on Postoperative Pain Following Major Ankle and Hind Foot Surgery [NCT02697955]	Phase 4	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-21	Completed
Pre-emptive Quadratus Lumborum Block for Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery.A Prospective Randomizes Controlled Study. [NCT04294329]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-15	Completed
Mixture of Liposomal Bupivicaine and Bupivicaine Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) May Provide Faster and Longer Lasting Analgesia in Transversus Abdominis Block for Patient Having Open Abdominal Hysterectomies [NCT03250507]	Phase 4	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-03-13	Completed
Impact of Local Anesthetic Concentration-Volume Modifications on Ultrasound Guided Infraclavicular Nerve Block Effectiveness [NCT02820688]	Phase 4	81 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-30	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Brachial Plexus Block With EXPAREL for Postsurgical Analgesia in Subjects Undergoing Total Shoulder Arthroplasty or Rotator Cuff Rep [NCT02713230]	Phase 3	156 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-09	Completed
Comparison of Local and Intra Venous Dexamethasone on Post Operative Pain and Recovery After Caeseream Section [NCT02784340]	Phase 4	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Completed
LAW Trial -The Impact of Local Anesthetics Infiltration in Surgical Wound of Gastrointestinal Procedures: A Blind Prospective Randomized Trial [NCT02777866]		570 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Recruiting
Management of Postoperative Pain With Preemptive Analgesia in Cesarean Section [NCT02879435]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-06-30	Recruiting
Transmuscular Quadratus Lumborum Block Block for Congenital Hip Dislocation Surgery: Randomized Controlled Study [NCT04212832]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-06-15	Completed
Postoperative Pain After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: Comparison of Isolated Intravenous Analgesia, Epidural Analgesia Associated With Analgesia iv and Port-sites Infiltration With Bupivacaine Associated With Analgesia iv [NCT02662660]	Phase 3	147 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-01-31	Completed
Efficacy of Intra-operative Subacromial Corticosteroid Injections on Surgical Outcomes After Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery [NCT02867904]	Phase 4	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Terminated(stopped due to It was difficult to recruit patients to get the appropriate sample size.)
Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Bilateral 3rd/4th Common Digital Foot Nerve Injections to Treat Restless Legs Syndrome [NCT00656110]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-04-30	Recruiting
The Use of Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) in Soft Tissue Sarcoma Resection [NCT03867188]	Early Phase 1	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-14	Terminated(stopped due to Enrollment of eligible subjects, delays due to the COVID-19 Virus, and lack of funding)
Does Liposomal Bupivacaine Improve Postoperative Pain Control After One Level Posterior Spinal Fusion With Instrumentation [NCT03745040]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-01-26	Recruiting
The Use of Liposomal Bupivacaine in TAP Blocks for Women Undergoing Cesarean Section [NCT02847013]	Phase 2/Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional		Withdrawn
Patient Outcomes With Periarticular Liposomal Bupivacaine Injection vs Adductor Canal Block After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT02863120]	Phase 4	63 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-07-31	Completed
Unilateral Dual Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Pediatric Renal Transplant: A Randomized Control Study [NCT02858622]		44 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-12-31	Completed
Protective Analgesia Using Bupivacaine and Conventional Release Ibuprofen Versus Bupivacaine and Sustained Release Ibuprofen for Postoperative Pain Relief in Patients Undergoing Third Molar Surgery: a Randomised Controlled Trial [NCT00895843]		122 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-11-30	Completed
Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine Versus Fentanyl With Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia in Children Undergoing Major Abdominal Cancer Surgery [NCT02861716]	Phase 2	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Recruiting
Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Comparison of Local Anesthetic Infusion Pump Versus DepoFoam Bupivacaine For Pain Management After Unilateral Deep Inferior Epigastic Perforator Free Flap Reconstruction [NCT04284930]	Phase 4	21 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-29	Completed
Optimal Pain Management After Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery [NCT00538499]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-10-28	Completed
Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Quadratus Lumborum Block for Pediatrics Undergoing Pyeloplasty. [NCT04269460]		78 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-02-01	Completed
Compartment Psoas Block Efficacy and Safety for Perioperative Analgesia in the Elderly With Proximal Femur Fractures: a Randomized Controlled Study [NCT04648332]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-01-01	Completed
A Comparison of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMF) and Pectoral (PEC) Interfascial Blocks on Postoperative Pain Reduction in Patients Undergoing Mastectomy and Tissue Expander Reconstruction [NCT03360214]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-07-05	Completed
Trigger Point Injection for Myofascial Pain Syndrome in the Low Back (T-PIMPS): A Randomized Controlled Trial. [NCT04704297]	Phase 4	180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-12-28	Recruiting
Efficacy of Injectable Local Anesthetics on Postsurgical Analgesia Following Posterior Colporrhaphy: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded Trial [NCT04032327]	Phase 2	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-01	Completed
Spinal Anesthesia With 5% Articaine and 0.5% Bupivacaine for Outpatient Lower Limb Surgery. A Double-Blind Randomised Clinical Trial [NCT00332735]	Phase 3	80 participants	Interventional	2006-05-31	Completed
[NCT01423292]	Phase 3	56 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-08-31	Completed
Pharmacokinetics of Single-Dose Liposomal Bupivacaine in Surgeon Performed Intercostal Nerve Blocks [NCT03708198]	Phase 4	15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-06-11	Completed
Pectoral Nerve (PECS) Block for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIED) Implantation Surgery [NCT04577690]	Phase 4	48 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-12-01	Recruiting
Spinal Anesthesia With Bupivacaine or 2-chloroprocaine for Outpatient Elective Surgery: a Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Comparison. [NCT00845962]		106 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-02-28	Completed
The Effects of Scalp Block on Haemodynamic Response and Postoperative Pain in [NCT02852382]	Phase 2	45 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
Sympathectomy-Mediated Vasodilatation and Differential Sensory Block After Epidural Bupivacaine: a Randomized Concentration Ranging Study [NCT00197353]	Phase 3	60 participants	Interventional	1999-03-31	Completed
Randomized Controlled Trial of Supraclavicular Bupivacaine Vs. Supraclavicular Liposomal Bupivacaine for Distal Radius Fracture Repair [NCT06179004]	Phase 3	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-31	Not yet recruiting
Acupuncture Versus Trigger Point Injection Combined With Dipyrone and Cyclobenzaprine on Pain Relief of Patients With Myofascial Pain: Randomized Clinical Study [NCT00635037]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-06-30	Completed
Continuous Vs Single Shot Adductor Canal Block After ACL Reconstruction - A Randomized Study [NCT04101682]	Early Phase 1	9 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-09-25	Terminated(stopped due to Not enough enrollment)
Efficacy of Genicular Artery Embolization Compared to Sensory Deinnervation for the Treatment of Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT06166628]		150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-01	Recruiting
Comparison Of Femoral Block And Middle Adductor Canal Block In Patients With Knee Arthroplasty In Terms Of Postoperative Pain Control And Early Mobilization [NCT04768764]	Phase 4	52 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-04-16	Not yet recruiting
Comparative Randomized Controlled Trial Study of General Balanced Anesthesia Based on Opioid and Opioid Sparing Balanced Anesthesia for Cholecystectomy Surgery Via Laparoscopy: Intraoperative and Postoperative Outcomes [NCT02953210]	Phase 4	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Enrolling by invitation
Comparing the Hemodynamic Effects of Epinephrine Versus Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Caudal Anaesthesia Assessed by Cardiometry: a Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study [NCT05860010]		39 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-06-05	Not yet recruiting
Subacromial Injection of Epinephrine Improves Visualization in Shoulder Arthroscopy [NCT05244525]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-03-14	Completed
Thoracic Epidural Analgesia Versus Rectus Sheath Block Versus Surgeon Infiltration With Liposomal Bupivacaine or Standard Bupivacaine for Post-Operative Pain Control After Cystectomy [NCT04300231]	Phase 3	160 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-10-22	Active, not recruiting
Rescue Quadratus Lumborum Blocks for Post-cesarean Pain [NCT04397458]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-01-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to COVID-19 pandemic and competing study that took precedence)
[NCT01847339]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-04-30	Withdrawn
Low Dose, Low Concentration Different Baricity Bupivacaine for Transuretral Prostatectomy. [NCT01861041]	Phase 4	52 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-05-31	Not yet recruiting
Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block in Patients Undergoing Maxillofacial Surgeries: A Randomized Double-blinded Study [NCT05854537]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-20	Recruiting
Stellate Ganglion Block in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Outcome Evaluation, Mechanism of Action, and Integration in Care - A Phase III Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05427500]	Early Phase 1	18 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-09-01	Not yet recruiting
Comparison Of Intraperitoneal Instillation Of Magnesium Sulphate and Bupivacaine Versus Intravenous Analgesia In Laparoscopic Surgeries In Pediatrics [NCT04651556]	Phase 4	66 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-04-04	Completed
REDUCE Trial: The Effects of Perineural Dexamethasone on Scalp Nerve Blocks for Relief of Postcraniotomy Pain [NCT04648358]		98 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-12-13	Recruiting
Intrathecal Midazolam is a Comparable Alternative to Fentanyl and Nalbuphine as Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Spinal Anesthesia for Elective Cesarean Section; a Randomized Controlled Double-blind Trial [NCT04932083]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-06-20	Completed
A Phase II, Randomized, Single-dose, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Investigate the Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetic Profile of the CollaRx Bupivacaine Implant in Patients After Gastrointestinal Surgery [NCT00661466]	Phase 2	7 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-07-24	Terminated(stopped due to Business decision)
Comparison of the Effectiveness of the Ultrasound Guided Subacromial, Acromioclavicular With Subacromial Injection and Suprascapular Nerve Block in Patients With Shoulder Impingement Syndrome ; A Randomized Controlled, Single Blind, Clinical Trial [NCT05015322]	Phase 4	88 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-01	Completed
Two-Stage, Pilot, Prospective, Observational Study of Post-Operative Pain Management Following Spine Surgery [NCT03076710]		0 participants (Actual)	Observational	2017-07-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to No participants were identified per inclusion/exclusion criteria)
The Cardio-pulmonary and Analgesic Effects of Pre-peritoneal Infusion VS Epidural Infusion of Levo - Bupivacaine on Patients Undergoing Major Upper Abdominal Cancer Surgery [NCT04152564]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-10-29	Completed
A Prospective Randomized Double Blind Comparison of 7,5 mg Hyperbaric Bupivacaine With 2,5mcg Sufentanyl or 50 mg Hyperbaric Prilocaine With 2,5 mcg Sufentanyl for Caesarean Sections [NCT03219086]		182 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-01	Completed
Transversus Abdominus Plane (TAP) Block Catheters vs Liposomal Bupivacaine for Pain Control After Colorectal Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Control Trial [NCT03080142]	Phase 4	86 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-03-01	Completed
Use of Perioperative Pain Blocks In Urological Surgery: A Phase III Randomized Single Blind Single Center Three Arm Non-inferiority Trial [NCT04426500]	Phase 3	148 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-11-11	Completed
A Study of the Effect of Dexamethasone on Duration of Lower Extremity Blocks With Bupivacaine in Subjects Having ACL Repair [NCT01756560]	Phase 4	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to Unable to continue research due to time constraints)
Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine for Prolonged Postoperative Analgesia in Patient Undergoing Breast Reconstruction With Tissue Expander [NCT04278846]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-08-22	Completed
Comparison of Intra-articular Infiltration and Gabapentin With Epidural Analgesia After Total Knee Replacement Surgery [NCT01489631]		81 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-03-31	Completed
Local Anesthetic Use at Iliac Crest Bone Graft Site in Spinal Reconstructive Surgery [NCT01087931]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-04-30	Completed
Use of Percutaneously-Placed Continuous Flow Bupivacaine Pain Pumps to Decrease Post-operative Pain Following Mastectomy With Immediate Reconstruction: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial [NCT01494259]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Withdrawn
Comparison of Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Block With Intraperitoneal Instillation of Bupivacaine and Dexmedetomidine for Pain Relief After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Trial [NCT04715165]	Phase 2	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-08-07	Recruiting
The Effects of High Spinal Anesthesia on Hemodynamics, Stress Response, Renal Function and Post-operative Pain Control in Patients Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement for Aortic Stenosis [NCT00348920]		14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-02-28	Completed
Determination of the Minimum Local Anesthetic Volume of 0.125% Bupivacaine in Labour Epidurals [NCT00450099]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-10-31	Completed
The Effect of Superficial Cervical Plexus Block on Post-Thoracotomy/Scopy Ipsilateral Shoulder Pain [NCT01550302]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-10-31	Terminated(stopped due to Unable to continue enrollment due to lack of resources (research coordinator no longer available).)
Bupivacaine Effectiveness and Safety in SABER Trial (BESST) [NCT01052012]	Phase 3	331 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-12-31	Completed
Preventive Analgesia in Labour:A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Study in Multiparas Undergoing Induction of Labour [NCT00465231]		16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-01-31	Completed
Comparison of Doses of Dexmedetomidine With Bupivacaine in Caudal Block for Duration of Analgesia in Paediatric Infraumblical Surgeries. [NCT04700228]	Phase 4	162 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-02-28	Enrolling by invitation
[NCT00480675]		65 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-03-31	Completed
Randomized, Double Blind, Controlled Trial of Two Methods of Postoperative Pain Management Following Free Transverse Rectus Abdominous Musculocutaneous (TRAM) Flap for Breast Reconstruction [NCT00500565]		61 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-12-31	Completed
Efficacy of Repeated Locoregional Anesthetics Blocks With Bupivacaine in Patients Suffering of Chronic Dentoalveolar Pain. (BADDAP) [NCT04207411]	Phase 2	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-08-25	Recruiting
Comparative Effect of Combined High Spinal and General Anaesthesia With General Anaesthesia Alone On Right Ventricular Function In Patients With Mitral Valvular Disease With Pulmonary Hypertension [NCT03013075]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Recruiting
Ultrasound-assisted Versus Conventional Landmark-guided Spinal Anesthesia in Patients With Abnormal Spinal Anatomy [NCT03459105]		44 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-13	Completed
The Effect of Subconjunctival Bupivacaine Injection in Squint Surgery for Postoperative Analgesia [NCT04782960]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-04-30	Not yet recruiting
Evaluation of Aerosolized Bupivacaine Versus Pre-incision Lidocaine Versus Instilled Liquid Bupivacaine Versus Post-operative Bupivacaine Injection for Optimization of Post-operative Pain Control in Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgical Patients [NCT00508976]	Phase 2	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-06-30	Completed
Intravenous Versus Intraperitoneal Instillation of Ondansetron for Decreasing Incidence of Nausea and Vomiting After Laparoscopic Gynecological Surgeries: A Randomized Controlled Study [NCT05317611]	Early Phase 1	63 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-04-01	Not yet recruiting
Large Volume Bupivacaine 0.5% Versus Small Volume in Elective Caesarean Section [NCT02937792]		30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Recruiting
The Effects of Bilateral Serratus Plane Block on Postoperative Opioid Consumption After Breast Reduction Surgery [NCT02930733]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-07-31	Completed
[NCT00523289]	Phase 4	48 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2007-10-31	Active, not recruiting
Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine With Fascia Iliaca Blockade for Perioperative Pain Management During Hip Arthroscopy: A Double-Blinded Prospective Randomized Control Trial [NCT02947178]	Phase 4	74 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-01	Completed
Effects of Local Wound Infiltration With Ketamine Versus Dexmedetomidine Added to Bupivacaine on Surgical Stress Response and Postoperative Pain in Major Abdominal Cancer Surgery [NCT02927379]	Phase 3	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-30	Completed
Effect of Adding Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block for Post Modified Radical Mastectomy Pain Management [NCT06022614]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-08-15	Recruiting
Ultrasound Guided Emergency Physician Performed Erector Spinae Nerve Block for Rib Fracture Analgesia [NCT04168710]	Phase 1/Phase 2	72 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-30	Not yet recruiting
Pectoral Nerve Block vs. Standard Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Mastectomy and Immediate Breast Reconstruction: Impact on Post-operative Pain and Nausea/Vomiting [NCT02913573]	Phase 2	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-09-30	Recruiting
Liposomal Bupivacaine in Ambulatory Hand Surgery [NCT02933814]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-02-09	Withdrawn(stopped due to Inadequate number of subjects meet study criteria)
Infrapatellar Nerve Block for Post-operative Analgesia for Knee Arthroscopy [NCT01279447]	Phase 4	68 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-01-31	Completed
Comparative Study Between the Effect of Ultrasound Guided Median Nerve Block , Radial Nerve Block and Local Infiltration on Feasibility of Radial Artery Cannulation in Patients Undergoing Major Surgeries. A Randomized Control Study [NCT05459792]		126 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-18	Recruiting
A Randomized Trial of CT-guided Perineural Injection With a Corticosteroid Plus a Long Acting Local Anesthetic Versus Standard Medical Management in Patients With Acute Lumbar Radiculopathy and a Corresponding Disc Herniation [NCT01267825]	Phase 4	1 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-09-01	Terminated(stopped due to Study terminated early due to low enrollment. No data collected.)
Intraoperative Retrolaminar Block as Opioid Free Anesthesia and Enhanced Recovery After Posterior Lumber Spine Discectomy: A Randomized Controlled Study [NCT05312866]		72 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-05-01	Completed
Efficacy of Perioperative US-Guided Serratus Anterior Plane Block Versus Thoracic Epidural in Adult Patient Undergoing Thoracotomy: A Randomized Comparative Double-Blinded Trial [NCT05672394]		74 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-06-01	Completed
Evaluation of a TAP Block as Part of an Enhanced Recovery Pathway in Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blinded Multi-institution Trial [NCT01731782]		79 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-07-31	Completed
Evaluating and Comparing the Accuracy of Non-invasive Hemoglobin Monitoring by Spectrophotometry With and Without Digital Nerve Block in Patients Undergoing Spinal Surgery in Sina Hospital During 2016-2017 [NCT02908412]	Phase 4	23 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-04	Completed
Paravertebral Block, an Adjunct to General Anaesthesia for Breast Surgery? [NCT00547989]	Phase 3	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-10-31	Completed
Randomised Comparison Between Spinal/GA or GA Alone Following Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy. Stress Response, Pain, Recovery and Home Discharge [NCT03639389]	Phase 3	211 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-01	Completed
Efficacy of Exparel (TM) on Post-operative Pain After Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass Using Circular EEA Stapler [NCT03187379]	Phase 4	102 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-06-01	Completed
Comparison of the Effects of Dexamethasone and magnesıum Sulphate Used as Adjuvant in Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Nerve Block. [NCT06085417]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-01-02	Completed
Effect of Stellate Ganglion Block on ME/CFS Symptoms and Metabolites [NCT05664711]	Phase 1	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-15	Active, not recruiting
Ultrasound-Guided Single Shoot Serratus Anterior Plane Block Versus Erector Spinae Plane Block as Novel Techniques for Post-Thoracotomy Pain Control in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery and Its Effect in Ultra-Fast Track Recovery: A Prospective Randomized Trial [NCT05526469]		64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-07-24	Completed
Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Bupivacaine in the Presence and Absence of Perineural Dexamethasone in Axillary Brachial Plexus Blockade for Distal Forearm and Hand Surgery [NCT05359731]	Phase 4	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-06-28	Completed
A Randomized Phase 2 Trial of ST-01 (Sustained-release Lidocaine Polymer Solution for Injection) in Subjects Undergoing Pelvic Surgery [NCT05193227]	Phase 2	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-10-27	Recruiting
Influence of Continuous Bupivacaine Infusion on Tissue Oxygenation Following Colonic Surgery [NCT00557843]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-11-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to No patients enrolled)
Continuous Wound Infiltration and 23 Hour Discharge Following Major Breast Cancer Surgery [NCT02897934]		10 participants (Actual)	Observational	2016-08-31	Completed
Implementation of Adjuvants in Intercostal Nerve Blockades for Thoracoscopic Surgery in Pulmonary Cancer Patients: A Before and After Study [NCT04633850]		45 participants (Actual)	Observational	2020-09-08	Completed
Effect of Dexmedetomedine in Subtenon's Block on Emergence Agitation in Pediatric Strabismus Surgery Under Sevoflurane Anesthesia [NCT04485273]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-07-01	Completed
Measurement of Bupivacaine Level Following ESPB (Erector Spinae Plane Block ) as a Part of Multimodal Analgesia [NCT04239053]		17 participants (Actual)	Observational	2021-03-12	Completed
The Effect of Local Analgesia on Postoperative Gluteal Pain in Patients Undergoing Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation: A Randomized Trial [NCT03995641]	Phase 4	19 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-02-02	Terminated(stopped due to Never received appropriate formulation.)
[NCT01756586]	Phase 4	4 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Terminated(stopped due to no logistical support to carry out the study fairly)
Is There a Relation Between Unilateral Epidural Block and Repeated Epidural Anesthesia? [NCT03806673]	Phase 4	140 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-02-05	Completed
Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial of Greater Occipital Nerve Block for the Treatment of Migraine Attacks [NCT03159000]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-05-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to Project never started - lack of resources and no subjects enrolled)
TOTEM: Trial of TAP Block Effective Medications [NCT04382859]		56 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-12-01	Recruiting
A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind Parallel-group, Active-control Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Local Administration of SKY0402 for Prolonged Postoperative Analgesia in Subjects Undergoing Bilateral, Cosmetic Sub-muscular Brea [NCT00813111]	Phase 3	136 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-11-30	Terminated(stopped due to Sponsor decision, unrelated to safety)
Comparison of US-guided Single-dose Thoracic Paravertebral Block, Erector Spinae Plane Block and Serratus Anterior Plane Block in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Thoracic Surgery. [NCT05431062]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-01	Not yet recruiting
A Comparative Study Between Analgesic Effect of Opioid Free and Opioid Based General Anesthesia Technique in Patients Undergoing Open Radical Nephrectomy Surgery.A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05312541]		74 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-04-10	Recruiting
ED50 and ED95 of Intrathecal Hyperbaric Bupivacaine With Fentanyl for Transurethral Prostatectomy in Elderly Patients : a Prospective Double-blinded Randomized Trial [NCT03704441]		13 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-11-01	Completed
Comparative Study of Magnesium Sulfate Versus Fentanyl as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine for Thoracic Epidural Analgesia in Multiple Traumatic Fracture Ribs [NCT03595397]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-07-31	Not yet recruiting
Effect of Adding Dexmedetomidine Versus Magnesium Sulphate to Intrathecal Bupivacaine on Spinal Block and Neonatal Outcome in Uncomplicated Caesarean Delivery [NCT03067896]	Phase 3	78 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Recruiting
Intraperitoneal Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine for Management of Pain in Children Undergoing Laparoscopic Appendicectomy: A Prospective Randomized Trial [NCT03067740]	Phase 4	56 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-06-30	Recruiting
Comparison of Spinal Tetracaine With Fentanyl and Epinephrine Versus Bupivacaine With Fentanyl and Epinephrine for Combined Spinal Epidural Labor Analgesia [NCT01005459]	Phase 4	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-08-31	Terminated(stopped due to feasibility /drug availability issues - No study drug sources available)
Pre-emptive Local Anaesthesia in Gynecological Laparoscopy [NCT01677143]	Phase 4	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Completed
Postoperative Pain Control Using Local Wound Infiltration in Adolescent Idiopathic Surgery: A Randomized Control Trial [NCT04730531]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-06-02	Recruiting
Chloroprocaine Versus Bupivacaine Spinal Anesthesia for Cervical Cerclage [NCT02862912]	Phase 4	43 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-08	Completed
Minimum Effective Concentration of Bupivacaine in Ultrasound-guided Axillary Brachial Plexus Block [NCT01838928]		46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-08-31	Completed
Multimodal Narcotic Limited Perioperative Pain Control With Colorectal Surgery as Part of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol: A Randomized Prospective Single- Center Trial. [NCT02958566]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Recruiting
Does Local Morphine Add to Local Anesthetics in Serratus Anterior Plane Block for Post Mastectomy Pain Has a System Analgesic Effect? A Clinical and Pharmacokinetics Study [NCT02962024]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Completed
Effect of Height Versus Height and Weight Based Intrathecal Bupivacaine Dose on Maternal Haemodynamics for Elective Caesarean Section in Short Stature Patients: A Randomized Trial [NCT04082676]	Phase 4	112 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-11-30	Completed
Pain Treatment After Total Knee Replacement - Continuous Epidural Versus Intravenous Patient Controlled Analgesia With Morphine [NCT00270322]	Phase 4	80 participants	Interventional	2006-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to We believe regional anesth better for TKR,90% patients got epidural. Last year we started spinal morphine one shot, and found it very promissing.)
Comparison of Epidural Bupivacaine-Clonidine With Intravenous Morphine Versus Intravenous Morphine Alone for Post-Operative Pain Relief in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Lower Extremity or Pelvic Osteotomy. [NCT00287326]	Phase 3	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2006-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to terminated by PI)
Ultrasound-Guided Mid-Transverse Process to Pleura Block for Analgesia in Pediatric Thoracotomy: A Randomized Controlled Study [NCT05999734]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-08-31	Not yet recruiting
Effectiveness of Single Shot Intra-thecal Analgesia in Multiparous Women Scheduled for Normal Vaginal Delivery. [NCT05998551]		75 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-01-01	Recruiting
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Ultrasound Guided Knee Genicular Nerve Block and Anterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Block for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT05980546]	Phase 4	244 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-06-07	Recruiting
A Phase 2B, Randomized, Double Blind, Active Comparator, Multicenter, Safety, and Efficacy Trial of ATX-101 in Subjects Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT05260008]	Phase 2	305 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-06-07	Recruiting
Multimodal Management for Perioperative Analgesia in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Free Flap Reconstructive Surgery: A Prospective Study [NCT04246697]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-11-01	Completed
Evaluating Hemidiaphragmatic Paralysis With Prolonged Neural Blockade From an Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block [NCT04209504]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-10-12	Recruiting
Ultrasound Guided Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine vs Bupivacaine in Robotic Hysterectomy Patients: A Prospective Randomized Study. [NCT02289079]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-06-30	Completed
The Preventive Value of Continuous Perineural Methylene Blue Infusion in Patients Undergoing Lower Limb Amputation Surgery [NCT05830630]		72 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-05-01	Recruiting
Ultrasound Guided Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block Using Levo-bupivacaine Alone or Combined With Dexmedetomidine for Hand and Forearm Surgeries [NCT04729868]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-04-01	Completed
The Effect of Continuous Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block With 0.125% Bupivacaine Versus 0.2% Ropivacaine on Diaphragmatic Motility and Ventilatory Function [NCT02059070]		39 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-06-30	Completed
Efficacy of Peripheral Nerve Blocks for Episodic Migraine Treatment and Prophylaxis [NCT05734625]	Phase 2	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-07-10	Recruiting
Is There a Difference in the Analgesic Response to Intra-articular Bupivacaine Injection in People With Knee Osteoarthritis Pain With or Without Central Sensitisation?: a Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial [NCT05561010]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-10-31	Not yet recruiting
Effect of Intrathecal Dexamethasone on Intra-operative Hemodynamic in Elderly Patients Undergoing Urologic Endoscopic Surgery [NCT05549895]	Phase 4	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-09-30	Not yet recruiting
Genicular Nerve Block in Rheumatoid Arthritis: a Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT04361513]	Phase 4	64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-04-15	Completed
Does Bupivacaine Infiltration Reduce Postoperative Pain in Patients With Cesarean Section? [NCT04728308]	Early Phase 1	300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-10	Recruiting
Determination of the Minimum Effective Volume of Local Anesthetic Using Ultrasound Guidance for Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block [NCT01244932]	Phase 2	33 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Completed
Spinal Anaesthesia for Knee Arthroscopy: Does Lignocaine Shorten the Effect of Bupivacaine? [NCT01245868]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Completed
A Phase 1 Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind, Single Ascending Dose Safety and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Study in Healthy Adult Males After LIQ865 Injection [NCT02982889]	Phase 1	29 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-12-05	Completed
Addition of a Pectoserratus Block to Interscalene Block in Patients Undergoing Total Shoulder Replacement [NCT06143306]	Phase 4	110 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-02-01	Not yet recruiting
Neosaxitoxin (NeoSTX) Alone and in Combination With Bupivacaine as Prolonged Duration Local Anesthetics: A Phase I Investigator-initiated Dose Escalation Study [NCT01786655]	Phase 1	105 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-05-31	Completed
Efficacy of Adding Dexmedetomidine to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound-guided Erector Spinae Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective Randomized Trial [NCT05369468]	Phase 1/Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-22	Completed
A Randomized Trial Evaluating Use of Long-Acting Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel®) in Reducing Narcotic Pain Requirements in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Minor Urologic Procedures [NCT04826484]	Phase 3	104 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-10-01	Terminated(stopped due to Met futility threshold at interim analysis)
Randomized Double-blind Placebo Controlled Trial to Assess the Role of Intrauterine Cornual Block (ICOB) in Combination With Direct Cervical Block in Outpatient Endometrial Ablation [NCT01808898]	Phase 4	93 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Completed
The Effectiveness of Combined U.S. Guided Erector Spinae and Pecto-intercostal Fascial Plane Blocks Versus U.S.Guided Thoracic Paravertebral Block in Controlling Perioperative Pain in Modified Radical Mastectomy, a Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04778267]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-03-12	Completed
Pharmacokinetics of Bupivacaine Following Bilateral Ultrasound-guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Cesarean Section [NCT03006042]		17 participants (Actual)	Observational	2014-11-30	Completed
Mepivacaine vs. Bupivacaine Spinal Anesthetic in Total Knee Arthroplasty, a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT02980926]	Phase 4	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-12-31	Completed
A Phase II, Randomized, Single Dose, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Investigate the Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetic Profile of the CollaRx® Bupivacaine Implant in Men After Open Mesh Herniorrhaphy [NCT00626886]	Phase 2	53 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-03-11	Completed
A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Active Control Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of a Single Intraoperative Administration of SKY0402 For Prolonged Postoperative Analgesia in Subject Undergoing Total Knee Arthropl [NCT00745290]	Phase 3	245 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-08-31	Completed
The Effect of Dexamethasone on the Duration of Interscalene Nerve Blocks With Ropivacaine or Bupivacaine [NCT00801138]		218 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-11-30	Terminated(stopped due to A strong primary outcome crosses the efficacy boundary at the interim analysis)
Comparison of Local Anesthetic Dose in PENG (Pericapsular Nerve Group) Block Performed for Postoperative Analgesia in Total Hip Replacement Operations [NCT04900116]		84 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-06-30	Completed
The Effect of Preemptive Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block on Anesthetic Requirements, Postoperative Pain and Functional Patient Outcomes After Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery [NCT00927888]	Phase 4	56 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-08-31	Completed
An International, Randomised, Double Blinded, Multi-centre, Active- and Placebo-controlled Dose Response Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of SABER-Bupivacaine for Postoperative Pain Control in Patients Following Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery [NCT00993798]	Phase 2	107 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-04-30	Completed
Determining the ED90 for Intrathecal 0.75% Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for Bilateral Tubal Ligation [NCT05017584]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-01-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Study halted prematurely, prior to enrollment of first participant)
Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Using Dexmedetomidine and Bupivacaine in Children Undergoing Laparoscopic Orcheopexy: Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03156296]	Phase 2	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-06-10	Completed
Erector Spinae Plane Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine for Post Cesarean Delivery Analgesia: A Pilot Study [NCT05664958]	Phase 4	150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-04-17	Recruiting
Perioperative Analgesic Effect of Preemptive Ultrasound Guided Rectus Sheath Block and Transversus Abdominis Plane Block With Dexmedetomidine vs Dexamethasone for Laparoscopic Surgery in Paediatrics [NCT04838379]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-04-01	Completed
Examining the Efficacy of Femoral Nerve Block in Children With a Femoral Shaft Fracture [NCT01294098]		2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-02-28	Terminated(stopped due to Patients were not willing to be randomized and therefore recruitment could not continue.)
Determination of the Duration of Action of a Lidocaine and a Bupivacaine Digital Nerve Block in Human Volunteers [NCT01508832]	Phase 4	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-01-31	Completed
Use of Paracervical Block in Laparoscopic Gynecologic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01534416]		132 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-09-30	Completed
Comparing Intrathecal Morphine and Erector Spinae Plane Regional Anesthesia Against Intrathecal Morphine Alone for Post-Cesarean Section Pain [NCT06114121]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-10	Not yet recruiting
Impact of Liposomal Bupivacaine on Post-operative Pain, Opioid Use, and Swallow Function in Transoral Robotic Surgery [NCT05862792]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2023-06-01	Recruiting
The Effect of Liposomal Bupivacaine Plus Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine Alone on Postoperative Opioid Use After Elective Cesarean Delivery: a Randomized Control Trial [NCT04232306]	Phase 4	144 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-02-29	Not yet recruiting
The Maternal CLIMB Trial: Chloroprocaine to Reduce the Impact of Motor Block on Patient Recovery After Short Obstetric Surgery [NCT03967288]	Phase 4	27 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-10-24	Suspended(stopped due to Four patients required conversion to GETA (2 in each study arm))
Randomized, Double- Blind, Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Wound Infiltration With Bupivacaine for Post-operative Pain Relief After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy [NCT03958513]	Phase 2	58 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-01	Completed
Comparison of Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Non-liposomal Bupivacaine for Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: a Prospective, Double-blinded, Noninferiority Trial [NCT04974385]	Phase 3	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-08-04	Completed
Pain Relief and Progress of Labour With Remifentanil Patient-controlled Analgesia Versus Combined Spinal-epidural Analgesia in Multiparous Women: a Prospective Observational Study [NCT02963337]		162 participants (Actual)	Observational	2017-01-01	Completed
A Phase 1 Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of an HIV-1 Gag DNA Vaccine Administered Alone or With Escalating Doses of IL-12 DNA or IL-15 DNA Molecular Adjuvants to HIV-1 Positive Adu [NCT00195312]	Phase 1	91 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2005-08-31	Terminated
Comparison of Analgesic Effects of Magnesium Sulphate and Ketamine Added to 0.5% Bupivacaine for Erector Spinae Plane Block in Patients Undergoing Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery [NCT05855798]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-05-10	Completed
Pain Relief After Colorectal Surgery: Single-shot Spinal Combined With Painbuster® vs Painbuster® Alone. A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial [NCT02210260]		79 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-09-30	Completed
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Exparel Delivered Into the Posterior Capsule During Knee Replacement [NCT02011464]	Phase 4	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-12-31	Completed
Implications of Different Analgesic Models on Inflammatory Markers After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy [NCT04609033]		110 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-10-24	Completed
Effect of Local Anesthesia on Postoperative Pain Following Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation [NCT02890199]		30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Recruiting
Onset and Recovery of Ultrasound Guided Out-of-plane Versus In-plane Interscalene Block in Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery [NCT05381389]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-12-01	Completed
Programmed Intermittent Bolus Versus Continuous Infusion for Epidural Analgesia in Major Abdominal Surgery: a Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT04254523]		88 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-11-14	Completed
A Comparative Study of Dexmedetomidine Versus Fentanyl as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy [NCT04318158]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-04-30	Not yet recruiting
Investigating the Effect of Intra-operative Infiltration With Local Anaesthesia on the Development of Chronic Postoperative Pain After Inguinal Hernia Repair. A Randomized Placebo Controlled Triple Blinded and Group Sequential Study Design [NCT00484731]		404 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-07-31	Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double Blinded, Active Controlled, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of EXPAREL, EXPAREL Admixed With Bupivacaine HCl vs. Bupivacaine HCl Administered as Combined Sciatic (in Popliteal Fossa) a [NCT04518462]	Phase 3	121 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-10-20	Completed
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Local Multimodal Injection in Controlling Pain, Limiting Complications, and Reducing Cost as Compared to Regional Anesthesia for Treating Rotational Ankle Fractures. [NCT05019638]	Early Phase 1	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-05-15	Enrolling by invitation
A Comparative Study for Evaluation of the Analgesic Profile of Ultrasound-Guided Modified Pectoral Nerves Block Versus Serratus Plane Block in Major Breast Cancer Surgery [NCT02946294]	Phase 2	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Completed
A Randomized Trial Comparing Intrathecal Morphine and Intraoperative Lidocaine Infusion to Epidural Anesthesia With Postoperative PCA for Patients Undergoing Exploratory Laparotomy on the Gynecologic Oncology Service. [NCT05017246]	Phase 2	174 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-01-18	Recruiting
Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia Following Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery. [NCT03036085]	Phase 2/Phase 3	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-02-28	Not yet recruiting
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Clinical Trial of Trigger Point Injection Therapy for the Treatment of Myofascial Pain Syndrome [NCT01520415]	Phase 2	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-01-31	Completed
Effect of Epidural Analgesia During Labor on Force of Maternal Push [NCT04888858]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-11-02	Withdrawn(stopped due to The PI, Dr. Younger, left Henry Ford Health.)
Liposomal Bupivacaine Interscalene Nerve Block in Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Single Blinded Prospective Randomized Control Trial [NCT03663283]	Phase 4	104 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-10-29	Completed
Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial Of Greater Occipital Nerve Block For The Treatment Of Migraine Status [NCT00329732]		2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-03-31	Terminated(stopped due to Study terminated due to inadequate recruitment)
Double Blind Sham Controlled Randomised Trial of Intraperitoneal Bupivacaine During Acute Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy [NCT01528722]		42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-01-31	Completed
A Phase I Safety and Immunogenicity Trial of the Facilitated HIV-1 Gag-Pol DNA Vaccine (APL-400-047, Apollon, Inc.) Given Intramuscularly by Needle and Syringe or Biojector 2000 Needle-Free Jet Injection System in HIV-1 Uninfected Adult Volunteers [NCT00001088]	Phase 1	40 participants	Interventional	1997-07-31	Completed
Intraoperative Local Anesthesia for Management of Postoperative Pain Following Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair: a Prospective Double-blind Randomized Trial [NCT01530815]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-08-31	Recruiting
Plasma Glucose Levels With Dexamethasone as Adjuvant to Interscalene Block [NCT01538459]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-11-30	Withdrawn
Improving Epiphora & Ptosis With Bupivacaine [NCT03266081]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to No patients)
A Comparison of the Recovery Profiles of Bupivacaine or Bupivacaine Mixed With Lidocaine Spinal Anesthesia and Local Infiltration Anesthesia for Outpatient Herniorrhaphy [NCT01548794]	Phase 4	93 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Completed
INTRAVENOUS Versus EPIDURAL DEXMEDETOMIDINE for ANALGESIA in NORMAL VAGINAL DELIVERY: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLED STUDY [NCT05840328]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-12-05	Recruiting
Yale Steroid Enhanced Versus Exparel Nerveblock TKA Part 2 [NCT05736549]	Phase 2	66 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-02-07	Recruiting
Analgesic and Hemodynamic Effects of Continuous Epidural Analgesia Compared to Paravertebral Block in Liver Resection Patients [NCT02909322]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-04-30	Recruiting
Influence of Surgical Pleth Index-guided Analgesia Using Different Techniques on the Perioperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Vitreoretinal Surgery Under General Anaesthesia: Randomised, Controlled Trial [NCT02973581]		176 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-29	Completed
Ultrasound-guided Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block Versus Local Wound Infiltration for Post-operative Analgesia After Cesarean Section Under General Anesthesia. [NCT04711096]		150 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2021-01-01	Recruiting
Comparative, Randomized Trial of SPI-directed Intravenous Analgesia Using Metamizole With Tramadol Versus Preemptive Wound Infiltration Using 0,2 % Ropivacaine With Fentanyl or 0,2 % Bupivacaine With Fentanyl for Lumbar Discectomy [NCT02971540]		132 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-29	Completed
Analgesic Efficacy of Magnesium Sulphate as an Adjuvant to Levobupivacaine in Erector Spinae Block for Acute Pain Management in Modified Radical Mastectomy [NCT04732390]	Phase 2/Phase 3	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-12-01	Recruiting
Evaluation of a Long-Acting Local Anesthesia (Bupivacaine) and a Selective COX-2 Inhibitor (Rofecoxib) in Suppression of Central Sensitization [NCT00050362]	Phase 2	136 participants	Interventional	2002-12-31	Completed
Randomized Prospective Study Comparing Paravertebral Catheters, Single Shot Paravertebral Block, Thoracic Epidural, for Postoperative Analgesia Following Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery [NCT03151434]	Phase 3	147 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-02-07	Completed
The Effectiveness of Bupivicaine Infusion Versus Intravenous Ketorolac for Postoperative Analgesia After Iliac Crest Bone Harvesting for Lefort I Osteotomy or Alveolar Cleft Repair. [NCT00405262]	Phase 3	54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-05-31	Completed
Inhalational Anesthesia and Precipitation of Dementia: is There a Link? A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial Comparing Two Different Anesthetic Techniques in Elderly Patients [NCT01903421]		500 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-03-31	Active, not recruiting
Decreasing Postoperative Pain Following Endometrial Ablation: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02660918]		84 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-04-30	Completed
Analgesic Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvant to Levobupivacaine in Ultrasound-guided Erector Spinae Plan Block for Modified Radical Mastectomy [NCT04732377]	Phase 2/Phase 3	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-11-01	Recruiting
the Effect of Pre-sacral Nerve Block on Post-operative Pain Following Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: a Triple Blind Placebo Controlled RCT [NCT05757011]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-01-05	Recruiting
ED90 for Hyperbaric Bupivacaine in Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery in Super Obese Parturients [NCT03781388]	Phase 4	45 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-05-01	Completed
Serum Levels of Bupivacaine in Autotransfusion Drains Following Total Joint Arthroplasty [NCT02276040]		26 participants (Actual)	Observational	2014-10-31	Completed
Analgesic Efficacy of Magnesium Sulphate as an Adjuvant to Levo-bupivacine in Ultrasound Guided Erector Spinae Plan Block for Modified Radical Mastectomy [NCT04732364]	Phase 2/Phase 3	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-04-30	Enrolling by invitation
Cicatricial Analgesia Catheters Outcome on Bronchopulmonary Infection Number With Sternotomy Cardiac Operated [NCT01648777]	Phase 3	1,502 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Completed
Effect of Rectus Sheath Block on Opioid Consumption and Serum Level of TNF-α and IL-6 After Radical Prostatectomy [NCT03074097]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-03-05	Completed
Postoperative Pain Control in Children Undergoing Laparoscopic Appendectomy: Comparison of Peripheral Nerve Blocks to Local Anesthetic [NCT01662401]	Phase 2	66 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-05-31	Completed
Effect of Body Mass Index on the ED95 of Intrathecal Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for Elective Cesarean Section [NCT00403663]		52 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-10-31	Completed
Exparel Use in Peripheral Nerve Blocks and Local Infiltration for Foot and Ankle Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05494645]	Phase 4	300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-06-01	Recruiting
The Use of Liposomal Bupivacaine for Pain Control Following Mastectomy and Breast Reconstruction [NCT03722927]	Phase 4	3 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-06-14	Completed
Post-Operative Pain After Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair, Impact of Mesh Impregnation With Bupivacaine Solution vs. Normal Saline Solution [NCT03035617]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-11-15	Recruiting
The Effect of Femoral Nerve Block on Opioid Requirements Following Femoral Fracture Fixation With Flexible Nails in the Paediatric Population: A Double Blind, Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT00175591]	Phase 1	25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-08-31	Completed
Effect of Femoral Nerve Block on Opioid Requirements Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Double Blind, Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT00175630]	Phase 1	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-12-31	Active, not recruiting
A Comparative Trial of Marcaine Administration in Laparoscopic Gynecologic Surgery Using Either a Pre- or Post-operative Injection. [NCT01861665]		27 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-06-30	Terminated(stopped due to Investigator no longer recruiting subjects.)
Title of Project: Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) Versus Bupivacaine And Dexamethasone Intercostal Nerve Blocks For Robotic Thoracic Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Single-Blinded Clinical Trial [NCT03906617]	Phase 4	34 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-04-10	Recruiting
Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Blocks With Ropivacaine Continuous Infusion Catheters vs Single Dose Liposomal Bupivicaine: A Prospective Randomized Control Trial for Pain Control After Renal Transplant Surgery [NCT03737604]	Phase 4	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-10-04	Recruiting
Preoperative Regional Nerve Block to Decrease Acute and Chronic Post-Operative Pain and Narcotic Use Following Mastectomy [NCT04019834]	Early Phase 1	21 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-07-06	Completed
A Randomized Comparison Between Single- and Double-injection Ultrasound-Guided Costoclavicular Block [NCT03595514]		90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-07-30	Recruiting
Peri-articular Injections Containing a Corticosteroid During Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT00492973]		101 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-03-31	Completed
Comparative Study Between Caudal Epidural Block and Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Post Operative Analgesia in Children Undergoing Infraumblical Surgeries [NCT05117021]	Phase 1	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-11-30	Recruiting
Comparison of Bilateral Transversus Abdominis Plane Block With Exparel Verus Continuous Epidural Analgesia With Bupivacaine: A Randomized, Controlled Trial [NCT02996227]		532 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-12-31	Completed
Effect of Caudal Nalbuphine on Postoperative Emergence Agitation in Pediatrics Undergoing Infra-umbilical Surgeries [NCT05245721]	Phase 1	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-03-31	Not yet recruiting
A Phase II, Randomized, Single-dose, Unblinded Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of the CollaRx Bupivacaine Implant With the ON-Q PainBuster Post-op Pain Relief System in Women Following Abdominal Hysterectomy [NCT00749749]	Phase 2	27 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-10	Completed
Randomized Controlled Trial of Epidural-General Anesthesia Versus General Anesthesia for Open Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Influence on Complications and Overall Two Year Survival [NCT03434678]	Phase 3	133 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-01-30	Active, not recruiting
Evaluation of Anterior Quadratus Lumborum Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Hip Arthroscopy: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03432650]	Phase 3	96 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-06-01	Completed
A Comparison of Analgesic Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Genicular Nerve Block Versus Saline Injection for Total Knee Replacement: a Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03316118]	Phase 4	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-05	Terminated(stopped due to Low Enrollment)
Comparison of Two Different Norepinephrine Bolus Doses for Management of Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Hypotension in Cesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Study [NCT05502146]	Phase 4	200 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-08-17	Completed
Injection of 0.125% Marcaine During Mid-Urethral Sling Placement for Pain Relief: A Randomized Control Trial [NCT00746863]		42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-01-31	Completed
The Effect of Ultrasound Guided Blockade of the Femoral Nerve, the Anterior Division of the Obturator Nerve, and the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve on Postoperative Pain, Morphine Consumption, and Mobilization After Total Hip Arthroplasty. [NCT01276925]		81 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-08-31	Recruiting
The Evaluation of Ultrasonography-guided Erector Spinae Plane Block in Perioperative Analgesia and Intraabdominal Tissue Oxygenation in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgery [NCT03808129]		49 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-18	Completed
The Effects of Triamcinolone Acetonide With Retrobulbar Anesthesia on Postoperative Pain Control Following Vitreoretinal Surgery [NCT01995045]	Phase 4	58 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-07-31	Completed
Effects of Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia With Different Local Anesthetics on Propofol Induction [NCT02000973]	Phase 4	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Completed
Analgesic Benefits of Genicular Nerve Blocks of the Posterior Knee for Patients Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction [NCT02008617]	Phase 4	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-12-31	Terminated(stopped due to The study was terminated due to lack of subject recruitment)
A Phase 2 Open-Label, Parallel Group, Randomized, Dose-Finding Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Intercostal SKY0402 in Subjects Undergoing Posterolateral Thoracotomy [NCT00807209]	Phase 2	3 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-12-31	Terminated(stopped due to Sponsor decision unrelated to safety)
A Retrospective Investigation of Safety and Efficacy From Increasing Concentrations of Local Anesthetic in Pediatric Femoral Nerve Blocks [NCT02501135]		281 participants (Actual)	Observational	2015-06-30	Completed
A Double-Blind, Multi-Center, Placebo-Controlled Trial of SABER-Bupivacaine for Post-Operative Pain Control and Opioid Sparing/Opioid-Related Adverse Event Reduction Following Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery [NCT00818363]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-12-31	Completed
Post Operative Pain Control for Distal Radius Surgery: Does Exparel Injected at the Surgery Site Improve Postoperative Pain Scores at 24 and 48 Hours ? [NCT04540848]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-03-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to Lack of ability to communicate with the study population)
Decision Support for Intraoperative Low Blood Pressure [NCT02726620]		22,435 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-05	Completed
Evaluation of Dexamethasone Added to the Usual Infiltration With Bupivacaine in Inguinal Hernia Repair Mesh [NCT03007927]	Phase 4	82 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Completed
Postoperative Epidural Analgesia in Spine Fusion Surgery [NCT01838707]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-12-31	Completed
Modified Thoracoabdominal Nerve Block Through Perichondrial Approach (M-TAPA) in Comparison to Subcostal Transverse Abdominis Plane Block (TAP) in Major Abdominal Surgeries [NCT04920994]		80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-08-13	Completed
Interscalene Block With Low-dose IV vs. Perineural Dexamethasone for Shoulder Arthroscopy [NCT02506660]	Phase 4	128 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-08-31	Completed
Comparative Study on the Effect of Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus Intrathecal Morphine on the Incidence of Chronic Pain Post Caesarean Section in a University Hospital of Middle-income Country; A Randomized Control Study [NCT05602038]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-02-01	Not yet recruiting
Wound Infiltration With Liposomal Bupivacaine vs. Standard Wound Infiltration With Bupivacaine in Patient's Undergoing Open Gynecologic Surgery on an Enhanced Recovery Pathway: A Single-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Study [NCT02740114]	Phase 3	105 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Terminated(stopped due to Per PIs request)
Efficacy of Intranasal Approach of Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block for Nasal Surery [NCT04168879]		74 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-11-10	Completed
A Pilot Study Evaluating Pain Outcomes of Ketorolac Administration in Children Undergoing Circumcision [NCT02973958]	Phase 1	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-02-01	Completed
A Randomized Double-blinded Trial of the Effects of Bupivacaine Induced Motor Blockade on the Second Stage of Labor [NCT01621230]	Phase 4	481 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Completed
Ultrasound-guided Femoral Nerve Blocks in Elderly Patients With Hip Fractures: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Study [NCT01701414]	Phase 2	38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-11-30	Completed
Is Liposomal Injection Bupivacaine (Exparel) Superior to Standard Bupivacaine for Abdominoplasty? A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01853176]	Phase 4	4 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to required documentation too onerous)
A Phase 3b, Open-Label Study of HTX-011 as Part of a Scheduled Non-Opioid Multimodal Analgesic Regimen in Subjects Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT03974932]	Phase 3	116 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-06-05	Completed
Phase 4 Study Comparing of Dexamethasone to Triamcinolone for Ultrasound-guided Trigeminal Nerve Block: A Randomized Controlled Trial. [NCT02024724]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Completed
Liposomal Bupivacaine for Total Knee Arthroplasty Postoperative Analgesia [NCT02274870]	Phase 4	65 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-11-30	Completed
Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Bupivacaine HCl Spinal Block and EXPAREL Local Infiltration in Subjects Undergoing for Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT02284386]	Phase 4	15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-12-31	Completed
ED90 of Epidural Bupivacaine for the Initiation of Labor Analgesia: A Randomized Biased Coin Sequential Allocation Trial With a Lidocaine Test Dose [NCT05543694]	Phase 4	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-10-01	Recruiting
Perineural Steroids for Saphenous Peripheral Nerve Blocks: An Equivalency Dosing Study. [NCT02462148]	Phase 4	85 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
The Effects of Systemic Steroids on the Duration of a Psoas Compartment Block. [NCT02464176]	Phase 4	115 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Completed
Postoperative Analgesia After Cardiac Surgery - A Double-Blind, Prospective and Randomized Comparison of Wound Infiltration With Liposomal Bupivacaine and Bupivacaine Hydrochloride [NCT03270514]	Phase 3	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-11-15	Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind Controlled Trial of Bupivacaine Extended-release Liposome Injection for Postsurgical Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Open-reduction Internal Fixation of the Distal Radius [NCT02515851]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-08-31	Terminated(stopped due to Unable to find sufficient drug naive patients)
Does Selective Intraoperative Administration of Local Anesthesia in Breast Reconstruction Reduce Postoperative Pain and Opioid Requirement?: A Prospective Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02525718]	Phase 2	47 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-08-31	Completed
Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Interscalene Nerve Block for Pain Control After Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Trial [NCT02570022]	Phase 4	57 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-10-31	Completed
A Double Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Postoperative Narcotic Usage in Patients Receiving Periarticular Liposomal Bupivicaine vs. Those Patients Receiving Standard Periarticular Joint Injections [NCT02682498]	Phase 4	38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-10-31	Completed
Comparison Between Combined Regional Nasal Block and General Anesthesia Versus General Anesthesia With Dexmedetomidine During Endoscopic Sinus Surgery [NCT05361642]		70 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-02-03	Recruiting
Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine Versus Midazolam as Adjuvants With Intrathecal Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia in High Tibial Osteotomy. A Randomized, Prospective, Double- Blinded, Comparative Study. [NCT06082232]	Phase 4	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-01	Not yet recruiting
Liposomal Bupivacaine for Post-operative Pain Control in Adolescent Bariatric Patients [NCT06077214]	Phase 1	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-01-31	Recruiting
Prospective Randomized Study Comparing Suprainguinal Fascia Iliaca Block vs. Pericapsular Nerve Group Block vs. Local Anesthetic Infiltration vs. Spinal Anesthetic Without Adjuncts for Pain Control Following Total Hip Arthroplasty [NCT05062356]	Phase 1	240 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-11-04	Recruiting
Effects of Stellate Ganglion Block on Hemodynamics Instability During Beating Heart Surgery [NCT03450226]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-03-31	Not yet recruiting
Perioperative Analgesia for Total Hip Arthroplasty: Lumbar Plexus Block Using Shamrock Technique Versus Fascia Iliaca Block [NCT04670497]		70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-01	Completed
Thoracic Epidural Versus General Anesthesia for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04721054]		82 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-10-01	Completed
Ultrasound Guided Quadratus Lumborum Block Compared to Caudal Bupivacaine/ Neostigmine in Pediatric Lower Abdominal Surgeries, a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04720287]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-02-01	Completed
Combined Colloid Preload And Crystalloid Coload Versus Crystalloid Coload During Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery [NCT02961842]		200 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-20	Completed
[NCT01684774]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2012-12-31	Not yet recruiting
Ultrasound Guided Thoracic Paravertebral Blocks: An Effective Pain Control in Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatic Tumors [NCT02271646]		35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-08-31	Completed
Comparing the Perioperative Analgesic Effect of Two Different Volumes of Local Anesthetic Solution in Erector Spinae Plane Block in Patients Undergoing Modified Radical Mastectomy A Randomized Comparative Study [NCT05813158]	Phase 2/Phase 3	52 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-09-09	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Dexmedetomidine to 20ml Bupivacaine in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block [NCT06020781]		75 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-09	Recruiting
Epidural Analgesia Versus IV Meperidine for Labor Pain Control. Objective Evaluation of the Pain Intensity Influence on the Autonomic Nervous System. [NCT00296751]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2006-03-31	Completed
A Pilot Study of Bupivacaine Infusion in Abdominal Surgery [NCT00280553]	Phase 2	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2005-04-30	Recruiting
The Effect of Liposomal Bupivacaine Nerve Block on Postoperative Pain After a Rotator Cuff Repair or Shoulder Arthroscopy [NCT06139666]	Phase 4	160 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-07-11	Enrolling by invitation
Phrenic Afferences In Organic and Metabolic Illness: Central Sensitization - Fibromyalgia [NCT05792774]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-04-03	Recruiting
Psoas Sciatic Blockade Could be a Sole Anaesthetic Technique for Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT03088371]		80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-10	Completed
Extended Release Local Anesthetic for Postsurgical Pain After Posterior Colporrhaphy and Perineorrhaphy: A Randomized Controlled Study [NCT03875664]	Phase 4	72 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-23	Completed
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Exparel Delivered Into the Hip Capsule During Hemiarthroplasty [NCT03502018]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-01	Completed
Evaluation of the Intraoperative and PO Analgesic Outcome of Using Midazolam as Adjuvant to Bupivacaine Intrathecal Anesthesia for Children Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgeries. [NCT04718259]	Early Phase 1	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-18	Completed
Single Blinded Randomized Trial of Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Using Liposomal Bupivacaine in Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Patients [NCT05537883]	Phase 1	212 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-29	Recruiting
[NCT00298571]	Phase 2/Phase 3	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2006-02-28	Completed
Treatment of Benign Headache in the Emergency Department Population With Lower Cervical Paraspinous Bupivacaine Injections Versus Anti-Emetic Treatment in the Emergency Department Population: Randomized Prospective Control Trial [NCT01785459]	Phase 2	23 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-10-31	Terminated(stopped due to Unable to enroll adequate number of patients.)
Liposomal Bupivacaine for Pain Control Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction [NCT02189317]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-08-31	Completed
Comparison Between the Effect of Prilocaine vs Bupivacaine on Hemodynamics in Spinal Anesthesia for Geriatric Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Urological Surgeries: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT06165679]	Phase 3	112 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-15	Not yet recruiting
Early Versus Late Paravertebral Block for Analgesia in Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Lung Resection. [NCT01621698]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-07-31	Completed
Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine [NCT02360982]		120 participants (Actual)	Observational	2012-03-31	Completed
Plasma Concentrations of Bupivacaine After Spinal Anesthesia With Single Shot Femoral Nerve Block and Peri-articular Injection in Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT01636869]	Phase 4	43 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-07-31	Completed
A Prospective, Randomized, Blinded, Comparative Study of Amniotic Membrane Injectable in the Treatment of Recalcitrant Plantar Fasciitis [NCT01659827]		45 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Completed
Minimum Effective Volume of 0.375% Bupivacaine in Ultrasound- and Nerve Stimulator-guided Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block for Shoulder Surgery [NCT01667315]	Phase 2	33 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-08-31	Recruiting
Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of EXPAREL in Adults Undergoing Tonsillectomy [NCT02199574]	Phase 4	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-08-31	Completed
Comparison of Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine Versus Fentanyl as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine on Post-operative Urinary Retention in Knee Joint Arthroscopic Surgeries [NCT05596552]	Phase 4	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-10-15	Completed
Efficacy of Intraoperative Injections on Postoperative Pain Control During Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Blinded, Randomized Controlled Study [NCT03119038]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-04-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to Investigator no longer actively pursuing this study.)
Efficacy of Adding Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvant With Bupivacaine in Ultrasound-guided Intermediate Cervical Plexus Block for Thyroidectomy Surgery: Randomized Controlled Study [NCT05814744]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-04-30	Not yet recruiting
Duration of Interscalene Nerve Blocks With Ropivacaine Alone, Ropivacaine Mixed With Dexamethasone, and Ropivacaine Alone Combined With Systemic Dexamethasone [NCT00519584]		218 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-07-31	Terminated(stopped due to Collected study data was not usable due to process miscommunications)
Platelet Rich Plasma vs. Corticosteroid Injection in the Treatment of Partial Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears. A Randomized, Prospective, Double Blinded Trial. [NCT01688362]	Phase 1	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-11-30	Terminated(stopped due to Did not meet target enrollment deadlines.)
Randomized, Double Blind, Cross Over Study Comparing Effectiveness of Traditional Opioids Versus Opioids in Admixture With Bupivacaine Upon Self-administration of Boluses Via a Personal Therapy Manager (PTM) in Intrathecal Pumps [NCT02886286]	Phase 4	17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Completed
Bupivacaine Digital Blocks: How Long is the Pain Relief and Temperature Elevation? [NCT01698593]		44 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-07-31	Completed
Patient Controlled Epidural Analgesia Versus Local Infiltration Analgesia Following Knee Arthroplasty Within an Enhanced Recovery Programme - a Randomised Controlled Trial [NCT02478372]		242 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-04-30	Completed
Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Liposomal Bupivacaine Following Abdominoplasty [NCT04254692]	Phase 4	46 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-05	Suspended(stopped due to division wide research suspension)
A Randomized Single-blinded Trial of Combined Spinal-Epidural Versus Continuous Epidural Analgesia [NCT01750099]		202 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Completed
MCP Study, A Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial To Compare Multifidus Cervicis Plane Block (MCP) Vs. Sham Block, In Reducing Postoperative Pain And Opioid Consumption In Patients Undergoing Elective Primary Posterior Cervical Spine Fusion Surgery [NCT05996133]	Phase 4	38 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-12	Recruiting
Comparison Between Bupivacaine 0.5% Versus Bupivacaine 0.25% Plus Lidocaine 1% in Ultrasound-guided Infraclavicular Block: a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05834023]	Phase 4	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-05-02	Recruiting
Bupivacaine Versus Lidocaine Local Anesthesia in Elective Outpatient Hand Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01751347]	Phase 4	135 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Completed
Sciatic Nerve Block for Ankle/Foot Surgeries. A Comparison Between a Premixed Solution of Lidocaine Plus Bupivacaine and Consecutive Infiltration of Lidocaine and Bupivacaine. A Double Blinded Randomised Controlled Prospective Study [NCT01756443]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-08-31	Completed
Pain Control of Thoracoscopic Major Pulmonary Resection: Is Pre-emptive Local Bupivacaine Injection Able to Replace the Intravenous Patient Controlled Analgesia? [NCT01758809]		86 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-12-31	Completed
To Compare lidocaine2%/Clonidine in Combination With Bupivacaine 0.5 % Alone in Equal Volumes for Combined Sciatic-saphenous Nerve Block in Terms of Selectivity of Blockade [NCT01759524]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-10-31	Completed
A Randomized Double Blind Trial Comparing the Effect of Transversus Abdominal Plane-catheter and Epidural Catheter on Postoperative Pain After Open Gynecologic Surgery [NCT01760174]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Because of logistic and practical reasons.)
[NCT01768780]		58 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-12-31	Recruiting
A Comparison of the Analgesic Effects of Pectointercostal Fascial Plane Block (PIFB) Alone Versus PIFB With Rectus Sheath Block (RSB) in Cardiac Surgery: a Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial. [NCT04908449]	Phase 1	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-06-19	Recruiting
Pain Control After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Trial Determining Efficacy of Fascia Iliaca Compartment Blocks in the Immediate Post-Operative Period [NCT03375112]	Phase 4	122 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-07-31	Completed
RANDOMISED STUDY ABOUT POTSOTERATORY PAIN CONTROL IN LAPAROSCOPIC SIGMOIDECTOMY [NCT01825993]	Phase 3	225 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-04-30	Not yet recruiting
The Effect of Dexmedetomine Premedication on the Bispectral Index Values Using Sedation With Propofol During Spinal Anesthesia on Geriatric Chronic Renal Failure Patients Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery The Effect of Dexmedetomine Premedication on the Bis [NCT01837290]	Phase 3	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-12-31	Completed
Comparison of the Effects of Three Methods of Intrathecal Bupivacaine; Bupivacaine-Fentanyl and Bupivacaine-Fentanyl-Magnesium Sulfate on Sensory-Motor Blocks and Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Disk Herniation Surgery [NCT01843296]	Phase 4	105 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-11-30	Completed
A Phase 2, Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Dose Escalating/ De Escalating Study to Evaluate the Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of a Single Dose of Sustained Release Encapsulated Bupivacaine (SKY0402) in the Management of Postoperative Pain [NCT01203644]	Phase 2	76 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-12-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Control Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of a Single Local Administration of SKY0402 for Prolonged Postoperative Analgesia in Subjects Undergoing Augmentation Mammoplasty [NCT01206608]	Phase 2	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-03-31	Completed
Dexmedetomidine Versus Magnesium Sulphate Added to Bupivacaine in Infraorbital Nerve Block for Perioperative Analgesia in Paediatric Patients for Cleft Lip Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized Double Blinded Study [NCT05624151]	Phase 3	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-11-25	Completed
Does Ilioinguinal Block Provide Satisfactory Analgesia During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Procedure? A Comparative Study [NCT05220813]	Phase 4	88 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-11-11	Recruiting
Dexmed Vs Bupivacaine [NCT05244252]	Early Phase 1	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-10-04	Recruiting
A Multi-center Randomized Controlled Trial of Efficacy and Safety of Perineural Local Anesthetics and Steroids for Chronic Peripheral Post-traumatic Neuropathic Pain: The Resperist Study [NCT03009500]	Phase 3	3 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Completed
Onset and Duration of Effect of Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, and Lidocaine/Bupivacaine Mixture With Epinephrine. [NCT01243112]	Phase 4	25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-05-31	Completed
Comparison of Erector Spinae Plane Block and Pecto-Intercostal Facial Plane Block For Enhanced Recovery After Sternotomy in Adult Cardiac Surgery [NCT05475561]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-05-25	Completed
Control of Tourniquet Pain With an Axillary Ring of Subcutaneous Local Anesthetic [NCT01829399]	Phase 4	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-04-30	Completed
Comparative Study of Superficial Cervical Plexus Block and Nerve of Arnold Block With Intravenous Antiemetic Drugs Dexamethasone and Ondansetron and Incidence of Post-operative Nausea Vomiting for Inner Ear Surgery [NCT02724033]	Phase 4	37 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to PI has left Riley Anesthesia. Lack of staff for continued recruitment)
Single-injection Modified 4 in 1 Block Versus Adductor Canal Block as Postoperative Analgesia in Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT05447871]		90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-31	Not yet recruiting
A Pain Relief Trial Utilizing the Infiltration of a Multivesicular Liposome Formulation Of Bupivacaine, EXPAREL®: A Phase 4 Health Economic Trial in Adult Patients Undergoing Open Colectomy [NCT01507220]	Phase 4	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Terminated(stopped due to Slow enrollment)
A Pain Relief Trial Utilizing the Infiltration of a Multivesicular Liposome Formulation Of Bupivacaine, EXPAREL®: A Phase 4 Health Economic Trial in Adult Patients Undergoing Ileostomy Reversal [NCT01509638]	Phase 4	47 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Completed
Ultrasound Guided Rhomboid Intercostal and Subserratus Plane Block in Breast Cancer Surgeries [NCT04336917]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-08-31	Completed
Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of EXPAREL® (Bupivacaine Liposome Injectable Suspension) When Administered Via Infiltration Versus Instillation in Subjects Undergoing Bilateral Augmentation Mammoplasty [NCT01582490]	Phase 4	19 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-04-30	Completed
Preoperative Levator Ani Muscle Injection and Pudendal Nerve Block With Bupivacaine and Dexamethasone for Improved Pain Control After Vaginal Reconstructive Surgery: A Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03040011]	Phase 1/Phase 2	79 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-06-01	Completed
Evaluation of PENG Block Applied in Hip Surgery in Terms of Block Duration and Postoperative Pain [NCT06132308]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-01-15	Recruiting
Regional Blockade of the Sternum With Liposomal Bupivacaine Prior to Incision Decreases Opioid Use in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery (Sternal Block) [NCT04333095]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-02-06	Recruiting
Bupivacaine Liposome Suspension Versus a Concentrated Multi Drug Periarticular Injection in 70 Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty Without Femoral Nerve Block: a Double-blinded, Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT02299349]		70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Completed
Pecto-Intercostal Fascial Block for Postoperative Analgesia After Cardiac Surgery [NCT03482973]	Phase 3	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-06-21	Completed
The Effect of Exparel on Post Operative Pain and Narcotic Use After Colon Surgery [NCT02052557]	Phase 4	51 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Completed
Volume Versus Concentration: A Prospective, Double Blind, Parallel Study to Compare the Clinical Effectiveness of Single Shot Quadratus Lumborum Block Using Either a High Volume/Low Concentration or Low Volume/High Concentration Injectate for Total Hip Ar [NCT04259645]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-04-01	Completed
Postoperative Subtenons Anesthesia for Postoperative Pain in Pediatric Strabismus Surgery [NCT01812044]		57 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-03-31	Completed
Non-inferiority Study of Hyperbaric Novabupi® (Bupivacaine S75: R25) Compared to Hyperbaric Neocaine® (Bupivacaine S50: R50) in Spinal Anesthesia in Lower Limbs Vascular Surgery [NCT03883763]	Phase 3	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-04-01	Recruiting
Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of EXPAREL® When Infiltrated Into the Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) for Prolonged Postoperative Analgesia in Subjects Undergoing Unilateral Abdominal Hernia Repair [NCT01801124]	Phase 4	13 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-04-30	Completed
Exparel vs. Bupivacaine Hydrochloride vs. Placebo for Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks During Open Retromuscular Hernia Repair [NCT03541941]	Phase 4	164 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-03	Completed
UCSF Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block Study- a Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial to Compare Nasal Anesthetics for Migraine Prevention in Adults. [NCT03666663]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-02-01	Completed
A Pain Relief Trial Utilizing the Infiltration of a Multivesicular Liposome Formulation Of Bupivacaine, EXPAREL®: A Phase 4 Health Economic Trial in Adult Patients Undergoing Open Colectomy [NCT01507233]	Phase 4	5 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to Slow enrollment.)
A Prospective Randomized Trial of Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) INtraoperative Block With Bupivacaine/Dexamethasone aGainst Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel®): the TINGLE Trial [NCT03723447]	Phase 4	102 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-10-23	Completed
A Prospective Randomized-controlled Study on Effectiveness of Extended-release Liposomal Bupivacaine in Postoperative Pain Control [NCT02111746]	Phase 4	350 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-11-20	Completed
Analgesic Efficacy of Adductor Canal Block With Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine and Ketamine in Total Knee Arthroplasty. [NCT05715437]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-31	Not yet recruiting
Efficacy Of Magnesium Sulphate Versus Ketamine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Pectoral Nerve Block During Mastectomy : Comparative Controlled , Randomized Double-Blind Study [NCT05663801]	Phase 2	72 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-02-28	Not yet recruiting
Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Analgesic Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine Single-Injection Interscalene Blockade to Continuous Interscalene Blockade for Patients Undergoing Primary Total Shoulder Arthroplasty [NCT05005260]	Phase 4	88 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-10-14	Completed
Continuous Standard Bupivacaine Interscalene Block Versus Single Injection Liposomal Bupivacaine Following Surgical Fixation of Proximal Humerus Fractures [NCT05084573]	Phase 3	92 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-08-01	Recruiting
Investigation Into the Effect of 0.25% Bupivacaine for Interscalene Peripheral Nerve Block vs 0.125% Bupivacaine on Pulmonary Function [NCT01429584]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-05-31	Completed
Comparing the Effectiveness of Misoprostol, Oxytocin, Carbetocin, Vasopressin, Bupivacaine and Epinephrine, Combined IV TXA Acid and Ethamsylate and Peri Cervical Tourniquet for the Reduction of Blood Loss During of Abdominal Myomectomy. [NCT05806307]	Phase 4	105 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-15	Recruiting
Subcostal TAP Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine vs Bupivacaine in Donor Nephrectomy Patients: A Prospective Randomized Study [NCT02287623]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-05-31	Completed
Bupivacaine Application Reduces Postthyroidectomy Pain: Cerrahpaşa Experience [NCT02981095]		91 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-01-31	Completed
Pathophysiology of Post Amputation Pain [NCT01632709]	Phase 4	16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-05-31	Completed
Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) Block Versus Fascia Iliaca Compartment (FIC) Block on the Postoperative Analgesic Effect in Patients Undergoing Hip Surgeries Under Spinal Anesthesia. [NCT05751291]		42 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-01	Not yet recruiting
Ultrasound Guided PECs II (Pectoralis and Serratus Nerves) Block in Patients Undergoing a Thoracic Surgery [NCT03023982]	Phase 2	168 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-02-28	Not yet recruiting
Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of EXPAREL(R) (Bupivacaine Liposome Injectable Suspension) When Administered Into the Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) for Prolonged Postoperative Analgesia in Subjects Undergoing Open Total Abdominal Hysterectomy [NCT01919606]	Phase 4	1 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-08-31	Terminated(stopped due to Lack of enrollment)
Effect of Local Anesthetic Dose on Interscalene Block for Shoulder Arthroscopy, Patient Satisfaction and Return of Handgrip Strength [NCT01701115]		154 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-08-31	Completed
Dose Response Study of Dexamethasone in Combination With Bupivacaine 0.25% in Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Nerve Block, a Randomized, Placebo Controlled Prospective Clinical Trial [NCT01690663]		89 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Completed
[NCT01442558]		101 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-12-31	Completed
Effect of Adding Two Different Doses of Hyaluronidase to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block for Post-cesarean Section Analgesia; A Randomized Controlled Double Blinded Study. [NCT05671172]		90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-08-15	Recruiting
Topical Bupivacaine Effect On The Response To Awake Extubation During Emergence From General Anesthesia In Patients Undergoing Elective Thyroidectomy. A Randomized Controlled Study [NCT04471597]		48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-07-20	Completed
LIBERATE - LIposomal Bupivacaine vERsus Adjuncts in Total shouldErs: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Injection at the Brachial Plexus [NCT03887650]	Phase 4	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-11	Completed
Randomized, Unblinded, Phase III Trial of Thoracic Epidural Analgesia Versus Four-Quadrant Transversus Abdominus Plane Block in Oncologic Open-Incision Liver Surgery [NCT03214510]	Phase 3	96 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-10-04	Recruiting
The Effect of Intra-articular Local Anesthetic Injection and Hematoma Aspiration on Pain and Narcotic Analgesia Use Following Tibial Plateau Fractures [NCT02951884]	Phase 4	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-15	Terminated(stopped due to The study was stopped for feasibility (low enrollment))
Liposomal Bupivacaine at Cesarean Delivery to Decrease Post-operative Pain [NCT02959996]	Phase 2/Phase 3	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-03-08	Completed
A Comparative Study Between Different Local Anesthetic Volumes Injected During Erector Spinae Block to Reduce Postoperative Opioid Consumption in Patients Undergoing Open Simple Nephrectomy Operations; a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04371341]		80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-05-12	Completed
Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block for Cesarean Section [NCT01015807]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Completed
Morphine as an Adjunct in Sonar Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery. [NCT02976597]	Phase 2/Phase 3	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Completed
Does the Use of Liposomal Bupivacaine Decrease Narcotic Requirements in Geriatric Hip Fractures? A Randomized, Double Blinded Control Trial [NCT03289858]	Phase 4	55 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-01	Completed
A Randomized Double Blinded Controlled Trial on the Efficacy of TAP Block in Cesarean Section Patients When Compared to Placebo [NCT03493828]	Phase 3	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-06-30	Completed
Efficacy of Extended-Release Liposomal Bupivacaine for Post-Partum Pain Management Following Obstetrical Laceration: A Prospective, Randomized, Single-Blinded Trial [NCT03152877]		120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-01	Completed
A Phase 2, Randomized, Single-Blind, Active-Control, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate Safety and Activity of a Single Administration of F14 for Management of Postoperative Pain in Participants Undergoing Unilateral Total Knee Replacement [NCT03541655]	Phase 2	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-05-04	Completed
Tenderpoint and Ultrasound Guided Nerveblocks for Persistent Pain After Breast Cancer Surgery [NCT02336529]	Phase 3	48 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-07-31	Not yet recruiting
Post-operative Pain Control of Testicular Sperm Extraction Using Liposomal Bupivacaine [NCT03802864]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-02-04	Completed
Comparative Study of the Analgesic Effect of Subarachnoid or Infiltration for Hemorrhoidectomy [NCT01927874]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Completed
Multimodal Pain Management for Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Control Trial [NCT02922985]	Phase 4	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Completed
Fentanyl Versus Morphine in Spinal Anesthesia for Caesarian Section - Study on Perioperative Analgesia, Side Effects and Patient 's Satisfaction [NCT05533229]		160 participants (Actual)	Observational	2022-04-01	Completed
A Phase II, Single-dose, Open-label Study to Investigate the Feasibility and Efficacy of the CollaRx® Bupivacaine Implant (200 mg Bupivacaine Hydrochloride) in Men After Laparoscopic Inguinal or Umbilical Herniorrhaphy [NCT01224145]	Phase 2	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-03-22	Completed
Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine in Benign Soft Tissue Tumor Resection: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05082441]	Phase 4	140 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-09-01	Recruiting
Effectiveness of Continuous Femoral Nerve Block Versus Single Shot Femoral Nerve Block for Pain Control After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Patellar Tendon Graft or Allograft [NCT01916590]		7 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-07-31	Terminated(stopped due to lack of patients)
Effects Of Ultrasound Guided Caudal Epidural And Transversus Abdominis Plane Block On Postoperative Analgesia In Pediatric Inguinal Hernia Repair Surgeries [NCT05286190]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-01	Completed
Neuroinflammatory and Neurocognitive Effects of Spinal vs. Inhalational Anesthesia for Elective Surgery in Infants: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blinded Study [NCT02521831]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-31	Withdrawn
A Phase 2, Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Dose Escalating/ De-Escalating Study to Evaluate the Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of Sustained Release Encapsulated Bupivacaine (SKY0402) Administered as a Nerve Block in the Management of Postop [NCT01206595]	Phase 2	58 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-03-31	Completed
Lumbar Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Classic Epidural Analgesia in Labor [NCT04776512]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-03-01	Not yet recruiting
Fetal Heart Rate Pattern Before, During, and After Spinal Anesthesia for Scheduled Uncomplicated Cesarean Section [NCT05776186]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2022-11-29	Recruiting
Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Standard Analgesia in Pain Management of Total Joint Arthroplasty [NCT02197273]		211 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Completed
A Comparison Between Phenylephrine and Norepinephrine Boluses in Prevention of Post-spinal Hypotension During Cesarean Delivery [NCT03015857]	Phase 2	200 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Completed
Comparison Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine in Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block for Postoperative Analgesia After Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03013361]	Phase 3	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Completed
A Placebo Controlled, Prospective, Randomized Clinical Investigation of the Efficacy of Continuous Infusion Regional Anesthetic on Postoperative Pain Following Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Comparison of Three Catheter Placemen [NCT00178178]		96 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-03-31	Completed
Infiltration Between the Popliteal Artery and the Capsule of the Knee (iPACK) With Local Infiltration of Analgesia (LIA) and Adductor Canal Block (ACB) Improves Postoperative Pain in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04635176]	Phase 4	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-10-30	Recruiting
Efficacy of Ultrasound-guided Transversalis Fascia Plane Blocks for Post-cesarean Section Analgesia: a Randomized Double Blinded Control Study [NCT03236324]	Phase 2	106 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-22	Completed
LIA in Hip Arthroscopy Patients: An Extra-Capsular Approach [NCT03070054]	Early Phase 1	74 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-30	Completed
Efficacy of Continuous Subacromial Bupivacaine Infusion for Postoperative Analgesia After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair. [NCT01126593]		96 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-12-31	Completed
Is Painless ESWL Possible? Analgesic Efficacy of Ultrasound Guided Quadratus Lumborum Block During Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy [NCT03080363]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-03-15	Completed
Investigation of the Effect of Epidural Analgesia Combined With General Anesthesia on Burst Suppression Rate in Electroencephalogram Based Anesthesia Management [NCT05688449]	Phase 4	64 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-30	Recruiting
The Analgesic Efficacy of Two Bupivacaine Concentrations for Combined Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric Nerve Block in Postherniorrhaphy Pain. [NCT05687981]	Early Phase 1	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-01-31	Not yet recruiting
Lumbar Plexus Block for Postoperative Pain Control After Hip Arthroscopy. A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01286805]	Phase 4	83 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-05-31	Completed
Single Shot Liposomal Bupivacaine (EXPAREL®)/Bupivicaine) Versus Continuous Erector Spinae Plane Block Catheter in Patients Undergoing Video Assisted Thoracoscopic (VAT) Surgery; Single Center, Non Inferiority, Open Label, Randomized Trial [NCT04559347]	Phase 2	74 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-12-10	Suspended(stopped due to Reviewing randomization process)
Selective Subarachnoid Anesthesia. Comparison of Hyperbaric Bupivacaine and Hyperbaric Prilocaine in Knee Arthroscopy and Inguinal Hernia Repair in Ambulatory Surgery [NCT01921231]	Phase 4	119 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-05-31	Completed
Does Subarachnoid Administration of Hyperbaric Prilocaine Produce an Improved Recovery From Anaesthesia When Compared With Hyperbaric Bupivacaine When Used to Make Cervical Cerclage Easier in Pregnant Women at Risk of Pre-term Loss? [NCT04394533]	Phase 4	135 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-08-27	Recruiting
Analgesic Effects of Trigger Point Injection Added to Caudal Epidural Steroid [NCT05792111]	Phase 4	72 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-10-12	Recruiting
EFFECT OF CAUDAL BUPIVACAINE VERSUS INTRAVENOUS MORPHINE ON TIME TO FIRST ANALGESIC REQUIREMENT IN PEDIATRIC SURGICAL PATIENTS; A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL. [NCT02456142]	Phase 4	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
A Non-Inferiority Randomized Trial Comparing the Impact of Thoracic Epidural Analgesia Versus Surgical Site Infiltration With Liposomal Bupivicaine on the Postoperative Recovery of Patients Following Open Gynecologic Surgery [NCT04117074]	Phase 3	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-04-14	Recruiting
A Comparison of Post-Incisional Wound Infiltration of Liposomal Bupivacaine to Plain Bupivacaine for Post-Operative Pain Control in Elective Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial [NCT03353363]	Phase 4	132 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-10-18	Recruiting
Comparison of Bupivacaine to Liposomal Bupivacaine for Ultrasound Guided Periarticular Hip Infiltration for Postoperative Analgesia After Hip Arthroscopy. [NCT01907191]		23 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Terminated
Safety and Efficacy of Bilateral Superficial Cervical Plexus Block in Thyroidectomy - a Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01454609]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-01-31	Completed
Effectiveness of Exparel TAP Block in Breast Free Flap Reconstruction [NCT04777591]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-03-10	Not yet recruiting
A Randomized Comparison of Bupivacaine Peritoneal and Subcutaneous Infiltration Versus Diclofenac Intramuscular Injection for Postoperative Pain Relief in Patient Undergoing Cesarean Delivery [NCT03039426]	Phase 4	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-01	Completed
A Randomized Control Trial Comparing Bilateral Superficial Cervical Plexus Block and Local Wound Infiltration in Thyroidectomy and Parathyroidectomy [NCT02205801]		36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Completed
A Pain Relief Trial Utilizing the Infiltration of a Multivesicular Liposome Formulation Of BupiVacaine, EXPAREL®: A Phase 4 Health Economic Trial in Adult Patients Undergoing Ileostomy Reversal [NCT01509807]	Phase 4	33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-01-31	Completed
TAP (Transverse Abdominis Plane) Block With Exparel (Liposomal Bupivicaine) vs. Bupivicaine Post-op Pain Management [NCT04781075]	Phase 4	76 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-12-01	Completed
An Open-Label Cohort Study to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Redosing EXPAREL Via Local Subcutaneous Infiltration in Healthy Volunteers [NCT02210247]	Phase 1	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-08-31	Completed
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics for Levobupivacaine With and Without Epinephrine After Ultrasound Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block [NCT04799184]	Phase 4	38 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-04-03	Recruiting
The Effects of Infraorbital Nerve Block With Dexmedetomidine Added to Bupivacaine on Fentanyl Requirement During Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Approach to Remove Pituitary Tumor: Prospective Randomized Double Blinded Control Study [NCT04785222]	Phase 4	63 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-07-31	Not yet recruiting
A Comparison of Continuous Adductor Canal Catheter Infusion vs Continuous Femoral Nerve Catheter Infusion for Total Knee Replacement Surgery [NCT02249481]		6 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-12-08	Terminated(stopped due to A number of issues which impact on the ability to recruit patients to the study)
Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Postoperative Analgesia and Muscle Strength Between Single Versus Continuous Adductor Canal Block for Ambulatory ACL Reconstruction. [NCT02584452]		59 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-11-03	Completed
Effect of Dexamethasone Dose and Route on Duration of Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block for Outpatient Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery - A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02426736]	Phase 4	280 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-25	Completed
Norepinephrine Infusion for Prevention of Post-spinal Hypotension During Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Dose Finding Trial. [NCT03182088]	Phase 4	284 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-06-15	Completed
Postoperative Pain Alleviation in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery; Presternal Bupivacaine and Magnesium Infiltration Versus Conventional Intravenous Analgesia [NCT03106818]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-07-31	Completed
Intercostal Nerve Cryoablation for Postoperative Pain Management [NCT03972397]	Phase 4	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-07-15	Completed
Perineural Versus Intravenous Midazolam in Patients Undergoing Forearm Orthopedic Surgeries Using Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block [NCT03185351]	Phase 2	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-06-14	Completed
Onset of Sensory Blockade in Ultrasound-Guided Ankle Block With Mepivacaine Versus Bupivacaine: A Randomized Non-Inferiority Clinical Trial [NCT05425979]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-30	Not yet recruiting
Bilateral Mid-Abdominal Transverse Abdominis Plane and Rectus Sheath Blocks Comparing The Use of Liposomal Bupivacaine/Bupivacaine vs. Regular Bupivacaine in Laparoscopic Colectomy Procedures. [NCT05224089]	Phase 4	114 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-04-27	Recruiting
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled, Dose Ranging Study to Evaluate the Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of Single Injection Femoral Nerve Block With Liposome Bupivacaine for Postsurgical Analgesia in Subjects [NCT01683071]	Phase 2/Phase 3	297 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Completed
Dexamethasone Versus Dexmedetomidine as Local Anesthetic Adjuvants in Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Total Abdominal Hysterectomies [NCT03064633]	Phase 4	54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-03-08	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Dexmedetomidine Added to Modified Pectoral's Block in Patient Undergoing Breast Cancer Surgery :A Comparative Study [NCT03063073]	Phase 3	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-02-25	Not yet recruiting
Postoperative Analgesia After Elective Hip Surgery - Effect of Obturator [NCT03064165]	Phase 4	62 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-15	Completed
The Effectiveness of Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injection in Patients With Whiplash-related Neck Pain [NCT04959721]		32 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-07-15	Not yet recruiting
A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effectiveness of Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) When Compared to Local Injection of Bupivacaine After Thoracoscopy [NCT02499159]	Phase 4	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-12-31	Completed
Comparative Study Between Dexamethasone Plus Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine in Management of Suprazygomatic Maxillary Nerve Block in Cleft Palate Patients. [NCT05530811]		34 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-04-01	Not yet recruiting
Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Two Different Ultrasound-Guided Suprascapular Nerve Block Techniques in Chronic Shoulder Pain: A Prospective Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Study [NCT04938037]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-01	Recruiting
Randomized Prospective Interventional Study: Pain Relief After Laparoscopic Primary Hiatal Hernia Repair [NCT04936711]	Phase 4	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-05-12	Recruiting
Transverse Abdominis Plane Block Using Liposomal Bupivacaine for Post-operative Cesarean Delivery Analgesia- Walking Towards Recovery [NCT04393207]	Phase 4	300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-02-01	Recruiting
Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine for Pain Control After Percutaneous Nephrostolithotomy [NCT03043027]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-08	Withdrawn(stopped due to cost of medicine too expensive to continue without funding)
"Prime Rib Time: Randomized Control Trial Evaluating the Use of Continuous Intercostal Nerve Blockade for Traumatic Rib Fractures" [NCT02604589]		10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Terminated(stopped due to resource reallocation)
Continuous Infusion and Intermittent Bolus Adductor Canal Block for Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT05518513]		66 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-01	Not yet recruiting
Does Stellate Ganglion Blockade (SGB) in Men Treated for Prostate Cancer Improve Hot Flashes? A Pilot Prospective Cohort Study [NCT03796195]	Phase 4	1 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-11-13	Terminated(stopped due to Enrollment issues)
A Phase IV Randomize, Single-Blind, Trial of Liposomal Bupivacaine (EXPAREL®) for Pain Control in Post-Tonsillectomy Patients [NCT02444533]	Phase 4	39 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Completed
Comparison of Two Analgesic Strategies After Scheduled Caesarean : Block of the Lumbar Region With Ropivacaine Versus Intrathecal Morphine [NCT04755712]	Phase 4	104 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-03-22	Completed
New Bupivacaine Lozenge as Topical Anesthesia Compared to Lidocaine Pharyngeal Spray Before Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Unsedated Patients [NCT01832675]	Phase 2	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Completed
Pain Management After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: Continuous Interscalene Block Versus Local Tissue Infiltration With Liposomal Bupivacaine [NCT03219983]	Phase 4	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Terminated
A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-blind, Comparator- and Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of TLC590 for Postsurgical Pain Management Following Bunionectomy [NCT03838133]	Phase 2	150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-05	Completed
Effects of Nonintubated Versus Intubated General Anesthesia on Recovery After Thoracoscopic Lung Resection: A Prospective Randomized Trial [NCT02393664]	Phase 2/Phase 3	300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-03-31	Recruiting
Femoral Nerve Block Versus. Adductor Canal Nerve Block for Peri-Operative Analgesia Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Evaluation of Post-Operative Pain and Strength [NCT03033589]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Recruiting
Comparison of Adductor Canal Block Combined With IPACK Block and Adductor Canal Block Combined With PCI for Postoperative Analgesia and Function Recovery Following Total Knee Arthroplasty:A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Study [NCT05943080]		159 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-06-01	Active, not recruiting
Optimal Location of Nerve Block to Minimize Perioperative Opioid Administration in ACL Surgery: Comparing True Adductor Canal to Proximal Block [NCT03401450]	Phase 4	69 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-02-01	Completed
Comparison of 1% Chloroprocaine vs. Hyperbaric Bupivacaine Spinals in Patients Undergoing Hemorrhoidectomies in an Ambulatory Surgery Center: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. [NCT03324984]	Phase 2	110 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-09-06	Completed
Is Serratus Anterior Plane Block (SAPB) With Adjuvant Medications Better at Managing Post-operative Pain Than Serratus Anterior Plane Block With Bupivacaine Alone in Patients Undergoing Video-assisted Thoracoscopy? [NCT05090761]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-10-12	Recruiting
Levobupivacaine Versus Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel®) for Treatment of Pain and Disability in Lateral Epicondylitis - Off-Label, Investigator Initiated Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Cross-Over Treatment Trial [NCT04382144]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-09-01	Not yet recruiting
Single Dose Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Bupivacaine Following Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block in Neonates [NCT01557985]	Phase 2	13 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-07-31	Completed
Assessment of Sensory and Motor Block After Intrathecal Administration of Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine and Levo-bupivacaine Combined With Small Doses of Fentanyl, Followed by Administration of Normal Saline Epidurally:a Clinical Trial in Parturients Scheduled [NCT01558713]	Phase 2/Phase 3	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-01-31	Recruiting
Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks for Infants and Children for Postoperative Pain Control: Is it the Concentration or Volume of Local Anesthetic Solution That Improves Analgesia? [NCT01559740]	Phase 2	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-07-31	Completed
Comparative Study Between The Efficacy Of Quadratus Lumborum Block VS Conventional Analgesia In Patients Undergoing Open Inguinal Hernia Surgical Repair [NCT05122351]	Early Phase 1	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-10-01	Completed
The Efficacy of Transversalis Fascia Plane Block on Postoperative Pain in Pediatric Inguinal Hernia Repair [NCT04272320]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-09-29	Completed
Femoral Nerve Block Using 0.25% Versus 0.5% Bupivacaine for Analgesia After Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction [NCT01593566]	Phase 4	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-04-30	Completed
Transversus Abdominis Bilateral Plane Block in Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy : A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01596660]		200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-08-31	Recruiting
The Analgesic Efficacy of Erector Spinae Plane Block in Ankle and Foot Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study [NCT05708742]		68 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-01-01	Completed
Bupivacaine Injection of Eye Muscles to Treat Strabismus [NCT01616108]	Phase 2/Phase 3	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-04-30	Recruiting
Interstitial Cystitis: Elucidation of the Psychophysiologic and Autonomic [NCT01616992]		200 participants (Actual)	Observational	2009-09-30	Completed
Paracervical Block (PCB) During II-trimester Abortion- A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01617564]		112 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-05-31	Completed
Comparison Between Interscalene and Combined Costoclavicular-suprascapular Blocks for Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery [NCT04224766]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-04-01	Completed
A Phase 2, Randomized, Controlled Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of HTX-011 or HTX-002 for Post-Operative Analgesia Following Abdominoplasty Surgery [NCT02689258]	Phase 2	277 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-23	Completed
A Comparative Study Between Continuous Epidural Analgesia Versus Ultrasound Guided Continuous Femoral Nerve Block (CFNB) Versus Ultrasound Guided Continuous Adductor Canal Block (ACB) for Post-operative Pain Management After Total Knee Replacement (TKR). [NCT05249478]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-02-05	Recruiting
Comparison of Local Anesthesia and Induced Hypotensive Anesthesia on Quality of External Dacryocystorhinostomy Operation Under General Anesthesia [NCT05241054]		64 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-03-31	Not yet recruiting
A Phase 1, Double-Blind, Active- and Placebo-Controlled Dose Escalation Study to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Liposomal Bupivacaine 13.3 Administered Via a Single Intrathecal Injection to Healthy Volunteers [NCT05456490]	Phase 1	54 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-04-18	Recruiting
The Time Required to Remain Sitting After Spinal Anesthesia With Fentanyl for 50% of Patients to Not Experience Hypotension. [NCT01896960]	Phase 2	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Recruiting
Comparison of Peritonsillar Dexamethasone-bupivacaine and Bupivacaine Infiltration for Tonsillectomy Pain Relief in Children:a Randomized,Double Blind,Controlled Study. [NCT03443778]	Phase 4	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-12-15	Active, not recruiting
Adding Dexmedetomidine Versus Fentanyl to Bupivacaine for Epidural Analgesia in Combination With General Anesthesia for Elective Lumbar Disc Operations: Prospective, Randomized Double-blinded Study [NCT03438240]	Phase 4	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-02-12	Completed
Ropivacaine Versus Bupivacaine as Preemptive Analgesia in Surgical Site in Ankle Fracture Patients [NCT02949674]	Phase 3	93 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-09-30	Completed
The Efficacy and Safety of Multimodal Analgesia in Children and Adolescents After the Ravitch Procedure and Thoracotomy - a Prospective Randomized Study [NCT03444636]	Phase 4	94 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-03-02	Completed
Nalbuphine as an Adjuvant to Local Anaesthetic Mixture in Peribulbar Cataract Surgery a Randomized Controlled Study [NCT03436836]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-01-14	Completed
Effects of Stellate Ganglion Block on Hot Flashes in Hispanic Women With Breast Cancer: A Pilot Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial [NCT03122301]	Phase 2	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-06-01	Terminated(stopped due to Study stopped due to inadequate enrollment.)
Contribution Of Anesthesia Technique For Post-operative Mortality Reduction After Proximal Femur Fractures Surgical Treatment - A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT02406300]		57 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-01	Terminated(stopped due to Organizational changes made recruitment no longer possible)
Comparing the Efficacy of Combining Periarticular Local Infiltration of Analgesia and Adductor Canal Block Using Liposomal Bupivacaine and Standard Bupivacaine in Total Knee Arthroplasty - A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04003506]	Phase 4	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-03-01	Not yet recruiting
The Post-Operative Pain Management of Pediatric Supracondylar Elbow Fractures [NCT01328782]		124 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-06-30	Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Addition of Hyaluronidase to Lidocaine and Bupivacaine in Scalp Nerves Block in Elective Craniotomy Operations, Comparative Study [NCT03411330]	Early Phase 1	64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-24	Completed
The Use of Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block in Autologous Breast Reconstruction Donor Site: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial [NCT01398982]	Phase 4	93 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-07-31	Completed
Effects of Erector Spinae Plane Block on Sympathectomy in Off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery [NCT04447560]		25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-07-06	Completed
Evaluating the Analgesic Efficacy of Combined Individual Nerve Block in Comparison to Interscalene Nerve Block in Patients Undergoing Shoulder Arthroscopic Assisted Adhesiolysis [NCT04709250]		128 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-01-01	Completed
Efficacy of Ultrasound Guided Superficial Cervical Plexus Block for Tracheal Reconstruction Surgery on Quality of Recovery: a Randomized Control Study [NCT04567992]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-11-01	Completed
Comparison of Postoperative Analgesic Effects of Transversus Abdominis Plane Block and Quadratus Lumborum Block Type 2 [NCT03126084]	Phase 4	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-05-02	Completed
Preemptive Local Analgesia With Liposomal Bupivacaine in Vaginal Hysterectomy: A Randomized Controlled Study [NCT03907033]	Phase 4	28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-09-03	Terminated(stopped due to Insufficient funding to continue with study activities)
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of EXPAREL vs. Bupivacaine HCl Administered as a Sciatic (in the Popliteal Fossa) Nerve Block for Postsurgical Analgesia in Su [NCT05157841]	Phase 3	185 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-02-10	Completed
A Study of the Effect of Dexamethasone on Duration of Upper Extremity Blocks With Bupivacaine [NCT01756573]		5 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to Unable to continue study due to time constraints)
Parasternal Nerve Block Using Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia in Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective: Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02512861]	Phase 4	93 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
Laparoscopic Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Trocar Site Local Anesthetic Infiltration in Gynecologic Laparoscopy. [NCT02973451]	Phase 2	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-04-30	Completed
Caudal Epidural With Non Opioid Adjuvants in Lumbosacral Spine Surgery [NCT04411329]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-06-06	Completed
A Prospective, Double Blinded, Randomized Comparison of Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Local Anesthetic Infiltration for Laparoscopic Appendectomy in the Pediatric Population [NCT01575028]	Phase 2	3 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-10-31	Terminated(stopped due to The study was allowed to expire due to changes in standard care for the patient population within the NCH institution.)
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of the XaraColl® Bupivacaine Implant (300 mg Bupivacaine Hydrochloride) After Open Laparotomy Hernioplasty [NCT02523599]	Phase 3	305 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-08-31	Completed
A Prospective, Randomized Trial of Liposomal Bupivacaine Compared to Continuous Nerve Catheters on Pain Control and Post-Operative Opioid Use in Receiving Popliteal Nerve Blocks for Below the Knee Amputation [NCT05140499]	Phase 4	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-08-15	Recruiting
Treatment Efficacy of Local Anesthetic/Steroid Mixture Injection for Patients With Odynophonia [NCT05178485]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-07-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to Halted prematurely prior to enrollment of first participant)
Exparel Pericapsular Injection: A Prospective Evaluation of Postoperative Pain in Bunion Surgery, First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Fusion, and Cheilectomy [NCT02499575]		2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Terminated(stopped due to Logistical issues prevent efficient enrollment)
A Prospective Randomized Double Blind Trial to Reduce Post-Operative Pain in Implant Based Breast Reconstruction [NCT02044302]	Phase 2	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Terminated
Transabdominal Plane (TAP) Blocks in Ventral Hernia Repair [NCT02007096]	Phase 2	127 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-08-31	Completed
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study Comparing the Efficacy of Sphenopalatine Nerve Block by Localized Mucosal Application of an Anesthetic vs Placebo for the Emergency Department Management [NCT01939314]	Phase 3	93 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-10-31	Completed
The Safety of Liposomal Bupivacaine in Simultaneous Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT02349542]	Phase 4	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Completed
Pain Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Posterior Capsular Marcaine Injection: A Prospective Randomized Trial [NCT02826551]		23 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-01	Terminated(stopped due to Not enough data.)
Ultrasonography Versus Palpation for Spinal Anesthesia in Obese Parturients Undergoing Cesarean Delivery [NCT03792191]		280 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-16	Completed
A Comparative Study Between Postoperative Analgesia of Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block and Anterior Quadratus Lumborum Block in Proximal Femur Fracture [NCT04709211]		128 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-01-10	Completed
A Randomized, Controlled Trial to Evaluate Opioid Usage Associated With Femoral Continuous Perineural Infusion and Femoral Single Shot Peripheral Nerve Block After a Hamstring Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair. [NCT02075411]	Phase 3	1 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-31	Terminated(stopped due to Difficult to enroll, parents/subjects prefer to choose type of anesthetic block.)
Continuous Standard Bupivacaine Versus Single Liposomal Bupivacaine Injection for Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block for Pain Management After Proximal Humerus Fracture Fixation [NCT04928664]	Phase 4	78 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-06-04	Recruiting
An Observational Study of the Pharmacokinetics of Adductor Canal Block Using Liposomal Bupivacaine and Standard Bupivacaine in Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients [NCT04916392]		10 participants (Actual)	Observational	2020-09-01	Completed
Local Injection of Local Anesthetic 24 Hours After Knee Replacement Surgery [NCT02420951]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-05	Completed
Parasternal Intercostal Nerve Block in Post-Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Extended-release Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) Versus Placebo [NCT01826851]	Phase 2	79 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-03-31	Completed
Quadratus Lumborum II Block vs Conventional Therapy Alone For Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy [NCT04073056]	Phase 4	41 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-01	Completed
Intercostal Nerve Cryoablation Versus Thoracic Epidural Analgesia for Minimal Invasive Nuss Repair of Pectus Excavatum: a Randomized Clinical Trial (ICE Trial) [NCT05731973]		46 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-31	Not yet recruiting
ACL Repair and Multimodal Analgesia [NCT01868425]	Phase 4	112 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-04-30	Completed
Analgesic Efficacy of Ultrasound Guided Sacral Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Caudal Block in Pediatric Anorectal Surgery [NCT04921007]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-08-13	Completed
The Impact of Liposomal Bupivacaine Administered Following Placement of a Retropubic Suburethral Sling for Stress Urinary Incontinence: a Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial [NCT02296099]	Phase 4	114 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-11-30	Completed
Lumbar Plexus Block vs Fascia Iliaca Block After Hip Arthroscopy: A Non-inferiority Study [NCT02882633]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-11-30	Completed
A Multicenter, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of EXPAREL When Administered Via Infiltration Into the Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) After Bupivacaine Spinal Anesthesia in Subjects Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section [NCT02353754]	Phase 4	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to Slow enrollment. None of the subjects received EXPAREL.)
A Randomized Control Trial on the Effect of Local Analgesia on Postoperative Gluteal Pain in Patients Undergoing Sacrospinous Ligament Colpopexy [NCT02037061]		46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-31	Completed
Comparing Low-dose Bupivacaine With Epidural Volume Extension to Standard Bupivacaine Dosing for Short Obstetric Procedures: A Prospective, Randomized Study [NCT03110003]	Phase 3	45 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-27	Completed
Spinal Versus General Anesthesia With Popliteal and Adductor Canal Blocks for Ambulatory Foot and Ankle Surgery: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. [NCT02996591]	Phase 4	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Completed
Assessing the Tolerability of Suprascapular and Median Nerve Blocks for the Treatment of Shoulder-hand Syndrome - a Feasibility Study [NCT03291197]	Phase 4	5 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-15	Completed
Evaluating the Addition of Obturator Nerve Block to Adductor Canal Block for Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT03326999]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-12-11	Completed
A Phase 2/3, Randomized, Double-blind, Comparator- and Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of TLC590 for Postsurgical Pain Management Following Inguinal Hernia Repair [NCT05161637]	Phase 2/Phase 3	415 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-30	Not yet recruiting
Effect of Transversus Abdominal Plane Block Using Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Standard Bupivacaine for Open Myomectomy: A Prospective Randomized Control Trial [NCT04272086]	Phase 4	140 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-11-09	Recruiting
Periarticular Infusion With Liposomal Bupivacaine or a Ropivacaine Cocktail Versus Continuous Femoral Nerve Catheters for Multimodal Pain Management Following Primary TKA: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02369523]	Early Phase 1	84 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to Adequate enrollment was not reached for this study.)
A Randomised, Double-Blind, Multi-Centre, Parallel Group Study Comparing Efficacy and Safety of 5 mg/ml Ropivacaine and 5 mg/ml Bupivacaine for Spinal Anaesthesia in Patients Undergoing Unilateral Lower Limb Surgery [NCT00358280]	Phase 3	220 participants	Interventional	2006-04-30	Completed
A Randomized Trial of Greater Occipital Nerve Block With Bupivacaine Versus Intravenous Metoclopramide for Acute Migraine [NCT03269435]	Phase 4	99 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-01	Completed
The Effect of EXPAREL® on Postsurgical Pain, and the Use of Narcotics [NCT03290196]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-09-03	Suspended(stopped due to Patients pain was not regulated well with this product.)
Inflammatory Mediators, Neural Tissue Injury Markers and the Markers of Oxidative Stress in the CSF of Patients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia With Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine [NCT03293472]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-12-01	Recruiting
Supplementary Epidural Analgesia in Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) - The SEAVATS Study [NCT02359175]	Phase 4	161 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Completed
Combined Administration of Bupivacaine and Exparel Versus Bupivacaine or Exparel Alone for Postoperative Analgesia in Posterior Lumbar Spine Surgery - A Prospective Randomized Study [NCT03514277]	Phase 4	19 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-12-01	Terminated(stopped due to PI decision to close study early)
A Comparison of Analgesic Efficacy of Ultrasound-guided Genicular Nerve Block Versus Saline Injection for Total Knee Replacement: a Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03706313]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-15	Completed
Comparison of Postoperative Analgesic Effects of Ultrasonography-Guided Paravertebral Block and Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Nephrectomy [NCT05723341]		90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-02-15	Not yet recruiting
Impact of Volume of Local Anesthetic Injected for Adductor Canal Block on Recovery Profile and Block Characteristics Following Total Knee Arthroplasty. [NCT02453360]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Completed
Utilization of Erector Spinae Plane Blocks in a Multimodal Analgesic Pathway for Instrumentation and Fusion of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Feasibility Study [NCT04500613]		24 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-02-22	Enrolling by invitation
Local and Intraperitoneal Analgetics in Gynecologic Laparoscopy for Post Operative Pain Relief [NCT02976571]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Recruiting
Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Infiltration vs. Surgical Infiltration of Local Anesthetic in Laparoscopic and Robotic Assisted Hysterectomy [NCT02519023]	Phase 4	87 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-07-31	Completed
Effects of Scalp Block With Bupivacaine Versus Levobupivacaine on Haemodynamic Response to Head Pinning and Efficacy on Postoperative Analgesia [NCT02497040]	Phase 4	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-03-31	Completed
A Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Nerve Block Technique Versus Laparoscopic Transversus Abdominis Plane Nerve Block Technique Versus No Block on Postoperative Opioid Consumption After Major Colorectal Surgery [NCT02538679]		127 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-08-07	Completed
A Phase I Dose-escalation Study, Randomized Comparison With Active Control to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of a Single Administration of ND-340 Via Adductor Canal Block (ACB) and IPACK Block in Healthy Volunteers [NCT05588557]	Phase 1	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-08	Recruiting
Liposomal Bupivacaine in Implant Based Breast Reconstruction [NCT02659501]		24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Terminated
A Randomized, Sham-controlled Trial of Greater Occipital Nerve Block as Second Line Therapy for ED Patients With Acute Migraine [NCT02665273]	Phase 3	28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-01	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Femoral Nerve Block With EXPAREL for Postsurgical Analgesia in Subjects Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT02713178]	Phase 3	232 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-03	Completed
Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Transverse Abdominis Plane Block in Laparoscopic Hysterectomy [NCT04003987]	Phase 3	78 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-05-01	Completed
Liposomal Bupivacaine Plus Bupivacaine Peripheral Nerve Blockade Versus Ropivacaine Plus Dexamethasone Peripheral Nerve Blockade for Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: a Prospective Randomized Trial [NCT04737980]	Phase 4	92 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-07-18	Completed
Liposomal Bupivacaine vs. Interscalene Nerve Block for Pain Control After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT02762071]		108 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-04-30	Completed
Adductor Canal Block Versus Periarticular Bupivicaine Injection in Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT02777749]	Phase 4	155 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-07-19	Completed
Post-surgical Pain Care Pathways During Enhanced Recovery Surgery Using Exparel (Bupivacaine Liposome Injectable Suspension) Plus Bupivacaine With Epinephrine Versus Bupivacaine. [NCT03001453]	Phase 2	107 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Study of EXPAREL for Postsurgical Pain Management in Subjects Undergoing Open Lumbar Spinal Fusion Surgery [NCT03015961]	Phase 4	38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-02-21	Terminated(stopped due to Slow enrollment)
Para-cervical Block Prior to Laparoscopic Hysterectomy as an Adjuvant Treatment to Reduce Postoperative Pain. [NCT03027661]	Phase 3	41 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-01	Completed
Combined Spinal Epidural v. Epidural Labor Analgesia for Postpartum Depression Symptoms (COPE Trial): Pilot Randomized Control Trial [NCT03022526]		61 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare Between Hyperbaric Bupivacaine With and Without Fentanyl in Reducing Visceral Pain During Cesarean Delivery Under Spinal Anaesthesia in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital [NCT05491187]	Phase 3	72 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-09-20	Completed
Propofol-dexmedetomidine Versus Propofol-remifentanil Conscious Sedation for Awake Craniotomy During Epilepsy Surgery [NCT02988050]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Completed
Dose Escalation of Dexamethasone to Increase Duration of Transversus Abdominal Plane Block Following Cesarean Section: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blinded Clinical Study [NCT03098420]	Phase 2/Phase 3	29 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-07-31	Terminated(stopped due to Low enrollment; recruitment challenges due to competing studies in women and infant center)
Use of Liposomal Bupivacaine for Postoperative Pain Management After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair [NCT03149887]	Phase 4	54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-12-05	Completed
Quadratus Lumborum Block vs Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Post-prostatectomy Analgesia [NCT03606889]		12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-31	Terminated(stopped due to not enough participants)
QL Block for Post-cesarean Delivery Pain [NCT03261193]	Phase 3	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-09-05	Recruiting
U/s Guided Oblique Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Erector Spinae Plane Block as Pre-emptive Analgesia for Open Umbilical Hernia Repair; Randomized, Double-blinded Controlled Trial [NCT04941170]	Phase 4	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-06-29	Completed
Comparative Feasibility and Efficacy of a Five Compartment Technique Using 0.25% Bupivacaine vs a Mixture of 0.25% Bupivacaine and 1.3 % Liposomal Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Tka; a Single Blinded Randomized Controlled Study [NCT03303794]	Phase 3	25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-25	Terminated(stopped due to Interim Analysis showed no significance)
A Randomized, Single Blind Study to Investigate the PK, Relative Bioavailability and Safety of INL-001 Bupivacaine HCl Collagen-Matrix Implant 300 mg Compared to Marcaine™ 0.25% (Bupivacaine HCl) 175 mg Infiltration After Open Hernioplasty [NCT03234374]	Phase 1	52 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-06-02	Completed
Superior Hypogastric Plexus Block During Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: a Randomized Controlled Trial. [NCT03283436]	Phase 4	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-01-18	Completed
Efficacy of Subcutaneous Infiltration With Local Anesthetic During Elective Cesarean Delivery for Postoperative Pain Control: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03383588]	Phase 2	26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-19	Terminated(stopped due to study was published during initial recruitment that showed no difference)
Pectoralis (II) Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine vs Bupivacaine Plus Dexamethasone for Mastectomy With Immediate Reconstruction [NCT03383198]	Phase 4	5 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-12-01	Terminated(stopped due to Early termination due to manufacturer discontinued supplying the product for the study.)
Ultra Sound Guided Rectus Sheath Block or Field Block for Midline Hernia Repair: A Comparative Study [NCT03225313]		75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-10	Completed
A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Trial of 3 Local Anesthetics for Spinal Anesthesia in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty to Compare the Percentage of Patients in Each Group With Early Ambulation [NCT03948386]	Phase 4	159 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-05-13	Completed
Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating Use of Liposomal Bupivacaine in Bariatric Surgery [NCT03373591]	Phase 2	219 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-01-30	Completed
Pain Outcomes Following Hip Arthroscopy: A Prospective Randomized Control Study Comparing Fascia Iliaca Blockade vs Extracapsular Local Field Infiltration With Liposomal Bupivacaine [NCT04114058]	Phase 4	37 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-10-29	Completed
Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Time To Return of Lower Extremity Motor Function Following Spinal Anesthetic With Mepivacaine Versus Low-Dose Bupivacaine For Primary Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty [NCT03838874]	Phase 2/Phase 3	154 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-02-25	Completed
Single-site, Double Blinded, Randomized Investigation of Corticosteroid Versus Placebo Injection Under Ultrasound Guidance in Patients With Syndesmotic Ligament Injury or High Ankle Sprain [NCT02892500]	Phase 2	1 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-04-30	Terminated(stopped due to Inability to enroll subjects)
Effects of Liposomal Bupivacaine for Acute Pain in Hip and Femur Fractures: a Randomized, Active Comparator-controlled, Blinded Trial [NCT02679560]	Phase 2	3 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-01	Terminated(stopped due to Poor recruitment)
Ultrasound-guided Adductor Canal Block for Total Knee Replacement: a Randomized, Double-blind Placebo Controlled Trial. [NCT02100579]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-31	Completed
Maternal Microcirculation & SDF Imaging: A Novel Assessment of the Microcirculation During Cesarean Delivery With Spinal Anesthesia and the Impact of Phenylephrine Prophylaxis to Prevent Spinal Anesthesia-induced Hypotension. [NCT02376192]	Phase 4	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Completed
Erector Spinae Plane Block vs. Pecto-intercostal Fascial Plane Block vs. Control for Sternotomy: A Prospective Randomized Trial [NCT04985500]	Early Phase 1	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-07-08	Recruiting
Comparison of Efficacy of Transversus Abdominis Plane Block and Ilioinguinal Nerve Block for Postoperative Pain Management in Patients Undergoing Inguinal Herniorraphy With Spinal Anesthesia [NCT02375100]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Completed
Chemical Sympathectomy Following Peripheral Nerve Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine [NCT02374320]	Phase 2/Phase 3	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-11-30	Terminated(stopped due to PI leaving institution)
An Open Label Pilot Study of Feasibility of a Dexmedetomidine-Remifentanil-Caudal Anaesthetic for Infant Lower Abdominal/Lower Extremity Surgery: The TREX Pilot Study [NCT02353182]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Completed
Is the Efficacy of Epidural Steroid Injections Related to the Different Volume Injections? :A Randomised, Clinical Trial [NCT02343432]		75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-03-31	Completed
The Feasibility and Efficacy of Erector Spinae Block Versus Transversus Abdominis Plane Block In Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery [NCT04417179]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-08-20	Completed
A Comparison of the Effects of Continuous and Single-Shot Adductor Canal Blocks on Analgesia and Knee Flexion Following Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT03145584]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
A Phase 4, Randomized, Blinded, Active-Controlled Study of HTX-011 in Subjects Undergoing Different Surgical Procedures [NCT05109312]	Phase 4	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-10-12	Active, not recruiting
A Comparison of Epidural and Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia Following Lumbar Spinal Fusion Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Study [NCT03115151]	Phase 4	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-05-08	Terminated(stopped due to The surgical team has difficulty to find level 1 and 2 fusions for the study.)
A Phase 2 Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Active-control, Dose-ranging Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of a Single Administration of SKY0402 for Prolonged Postoperative Analgesia in Subjects Undergoing Primary Unilateral I [NCT00485433]	Phase 2	98 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-06-30	Completed
Perioperative Epidural Analgesia for Short-term and Long-term Outcomes of Pancreatic Cancer Surgery- Randomised Trial [NCT01929915]		135 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Completed
Presternal Local Analgesia for Postoperative Pain Relief After Open Heart Surgery [NCT03230227]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Completed
Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks for Patients Undergoing Robotic Gynecologic Oncology Surgery: A Prospective Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial [NCT01444924]	Phase 2	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-09-30	Completed
Fractional Spinal Anesthesia and Systemic Hemodynamics in Frail Elderly Hip Fracture Patients. [NCT05101291]		15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-01-15	Completed
A Prospective Randomized Comparison of Ultrasound-guided Supraclavicular and Interscalene Block in Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery [NCT02486549]		62 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Completed
The Analgesic Activity of a Topical Formulation in Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Hands [NCT02485145]	Early Phase 1	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Not yet recruiting
Pilot Study: Rectus Sheath Blocks for Improving Abdominal Surgery Conditions: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Study [NCT02447965]		6 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-01	Terminated(stopped due to difficult recruitment)
The Effect of Popliteal Plexus Block on Postoperative Pain After Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT03198403]	Phase 4	17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-01	Completed
Three Protocols for Phenylephrine Administration for Prophylaxis Against Post-spinal Hypotension During Cesarean Delivery [NCT03302039]	Phase 4	217 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-06	Completed
Dyphenhidramine Effect on Prevention of Sevoflurane Induced Post Anesthesia Agitation in Pediatric [NCT02463929]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
Effectiveness of Adding Magnesium Sulphate to Bupivicaine in Ultrasound Guided Serratus Anterior Plane Block in Patients Undergoing Modified Radical Mastectomy [NCT04429893]	Phase 2/Phase 3	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-01-01	Recruiting
Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Conventional Analgesia in Complex Spine Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04156581]	Phase 4	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-10-14	Completed
[NCT02458547]		186 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Completed
Thoracolumbar Interfacial Plane Block for Analgesia After Spine Surgery [NCT03060681]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-02-15	Recruiting
Can Dexmedetomidine Improve the Analgesic Duration and Efficacy of Erector Spinae Plane Block in Breast Cancer Surgeries? [NCT04920669]		58 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-07-01	Completed
ULTRASOUND GUIDED POPLITEAL SCIATIC NERVE BLOCK USING BUPIVACAINE ALONE OR COMBINED WITH MAGNESIUM SULFATE FOR DIABETIC FOOT SURGERIES [NCT04903743]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-10	Active, not recruiting
Subconjunctiva Bupivacaine as Analgesia in Intravitreal Silicone Oil Removal [NCT03046719]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-09-30	Completed
Does a ThoracoLumbar Interfacial Plane (TLIP) Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine Provide Extended Post-operative Analgesia Following Spinal Surgery [NCT04865211]	Phase 2	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-04-05	Recruiting
The Pectoral Block for Breast Augmentation Surgery: a Volunteers' and Patients' Study. [NCT03040167]	Phase 4	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-01	Completed
Does Addition of Longer-acting Local Anesthetic Improve the Post-operative Pain After Carpal Tunnel Release? A Randomized Controlled Study [NCT04833777]		140 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-07-01	Recruiting
A Phase III Study of Pre-operative Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks Using the Nimbus Ambulatory Infusion System in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Free Flap-based Breast Reconstruction [NCT02601027]	Phase 3	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-11-30	Completed
Impact of Tranexamic Acid Use on Blood Loss and Transfusion Rates After Hip Reconstruction in Children, A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04811313]		400 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-05-31	Not yet recruiting
Use of Pre-operative Nerve Blocks in Older Patients With Hip Fracture: A Pilot Study [NCT02450045]		73 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Terminated(stopped due to PI no longer at institution)
Early Ultrasound-guided Nerve Block for Painful Hand Injuries in the Emergency Department [NCT03195413]		15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-07-01	Completed
Dexametomedine Versus Ketamine as an Adjuvant in Ultrasound Guided Erector Spinae Block for Perioperative Thoracotomy Pain Control in Pediatrics Cardiothoracic Surgeries: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05552391]	Phase 4	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-09-01	Recruiting
Safety and Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine Addition to Intrathecal Morphine for Postoperative Analgesia in Cancer Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery [NCT02435537]	Phase 2/Phase 3	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-05-31	Completed
Triamcinolone Versus Methylprednisolone in Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Major Open Abdominal Surgery [NCT04480775]	Phase 2/Phase 3	84 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-07-15	Completed
Opioid Consumption in Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Using Interscalene Brachial Plexus Blocks With and Without Liposomal Bupivacaine: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05482113]	Phase 4	17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-03-09	Completed
Comparing the Efficacy of a Periarticular Instillation of Extended Relief Bupivacaine and Meloxicam With Routine Adductor Canal Blockade for Pain Relief After Primary TKA [NCT05751421]	Phase 3	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-02-28	Enrolling by invitation
The Analgesic Efficacy of Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block in Lower Abdominal OncoSurgeries [NCT03165383]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-11	Completed
Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Femoral Nerve Blockade and Standard Parenteral Opioid Pain Management Alone in Patients With Hip Fracture in the Emergency Department [NCT02381717]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-08-31	Recruiting
Prospective Randomized Trial of Penile Nerve Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine for Hypospadias Repair vs Standard Penile Block With Bupivacaine [NCT04479371]	Phase 1	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-07-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Limited funding and resources to complete FDA requirements for enrollment)
Two-arm, Double-blind Randomized Study Comparing Exparel and Exparel Plus an Adductor Canal Block in Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT02365727]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to Protocol not feasible as written)
Ultrasound Guided Pectoral Nerves (Pecs) Blockade in Persistent Pain After Breast Cancer Surgery [NCT02349581]	Phase 2	6 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-11-30	Recruiting
Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Intraoperative Liposomal Bupivacaine Injection With Indwelling Femoral Nerve Blockade in Early Postoperative Pain Control for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT02341079]	Phase 2/Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-03-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Principal no longer interested in conducting study)
Adjuvant Effect of Dexmedetomidine for the Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Patients Undergoing Laparascopic Cholecystectomy: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. [NCT02331563]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-10-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to patients should have assurance to attend this study, money is the main problem)
Combined Spinal Epidural Analgesia in Labour: A Comparison of Two Intrathecal Regimens of Single Shot Spinal [NCT03117595]	Phase 4	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-23	Completed
Paravertebral Block Versus Erector Spinae Plane Block for Analgesia and Opioid Consumption in Modified Radical Mastectomy; Randomized, Prospective, Double Blind [NCT05080985]		86 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-11-20	Completed
PENG Block for Patients Undergoing Neck of Femur (NOF) Fracture Surgery: a Dose Finding Study [NCT05095025]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-09-14	Recruiting
Proximal Obturator Nerve Block After Insufficient Analgesic Effect of Femoral Nerve Block in Patients With Hip Fracture [NCT02408419]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-03-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to The study was completely redesigned)
Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Blocks Versus Caudal Block for Postoperative Pain Control After Unilateral Lower Abdominal Surgeries in Pediatrics: A Prospective, Randomized Study. [NCT02398123]	Phase 1	28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-03-31	Completed
Analgesic Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Deep Serratus Anterior Plane Block, Local Wound Infiltration, and Thoracic Paravertebral Block After Uniportal Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery: A Randomized Trial [NCT05094323]	Phase 2	102 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-02-18	Recruiting
Effect of Intraperitoneal Bupivacaine on Postoperative Pain Control in Patients Undergoing Pelvic Organ Prolapse Repair [NCT06120530]	Phase 4	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-08-15	Recruiting
Comparing Post-operative Analgesic Effectiveness of Wound Infiltration Using Bupivacaine, Tramadol, and Tramadol Plus Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiop [NCT06076707]	Phase 4	163 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-30	Not yet recruiting
The Effect of Application of Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block (FICB) Before or After Spinal Anesthesia on QoR-15 Score in Partial Hip Arthroplasty Surgery [NCT05965544]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-08-02	Recruiting
Pterygopalatine Fossa Block in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage [NCT05925478]	Early Phase 1	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-06	Recruiting
Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Femoral Nerve Block for Pain Control After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Prospective Randomized Trial [NCT02606448]	Phase 4	84 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-08-31	Completed
Comparison of Cumulative Opioid Consumption After Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel; 88 mg in 20 cc) Versus Bupivacaine 0.25% for Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery [NCT01977352]	Phase 4	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Completed
Distal Extremity (Wrist) Nerve Blocks With a Mixture of Liposome Bupivacaine + Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine Alone for Patients Having Dupuytren's Contracture Release: a Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03106519]	Phase 2	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-02	Completed
Clinical Effectiveness of Erector Spinae Plane Block in Peri-operative Analgesia for Laparoscopic Kidney Procedures [NCT03874091]		62 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-15	Completed
Subpectoral Bupivacaine for Pain Management in Adolescent Reduction Mammaplasty [NCT05898087]	Phase 4	128 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-04-01	Recruiting
A Phase 2, Two-Part, Multicenter Study of HTX-011 in Spinal Surgery [NCT04911062]	Phase 2	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-04-07	Completed
Peripheral Nerve Blocks for Major Lower Extremity Amputations [NCT03174782]	Phase 4	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-01-01	Terminated(stopped due to The study was terminated due to not enough power and research staff assistance.)
The Effectiveness of Postoperative Local Retropharyngeal Space Anesthetic to Reduce Dysphagia After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Surgery [NCT02376205]		150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Completed
The Effect of Intra-operative Uterosacral Bupivacaine Injection on Post-operative Pain in Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy [NCT04157075]	Early Phase 1	180 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-03-15	Completed
A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Study Evaluating Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block (SPGB) for Treatment of Postdural Puncture Headache (PDPH) [NCT02365909]	Early Phase 1	6 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-29	Terminated(stopped due to Study stopped due to difficulty recruiting patients)
Pain After Thoracoscopic Lung Surgery - the Effect of Intercostal Nerve Blockades With Standard Bupivacaine and Liposomal Bupivacaine - a Randomised Controlled Feasibility Trial [NCT05038007]	Phase 2	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-09-15	Not yet recruiting
Comparison of Interscalene vs. Superficial Cervical Block vs. Combination of Both Blocks for Analgesia After Operative Repair of Midshaft and Lateral Clavicle Fractures [NCT03094481]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-10-21	Recruiting
Comparative Study Between Dexmedetomedine and Ketamine in Erector Spinae Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia Following Modified Radical Mastectomy. A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study. [NCT05727098]	Phase 2/Phase 3	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-01-01	Completed
Effect of Intrathecal Fentanyl on Spinal Anesthesia During Dexmedetomidine [NCT03105115]		56 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-05-25	Completed
The Feasibility of Performing Erector Spinae (ESP) Nerve Block in Bariatric Patients; a Case Series Stud [NCT04477525]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-06-22	Withdrawn(stopped due to PI changed hospital center)
Are Superficial Parasternal Intercostal Plane (SPIP) Blocks With Local Anesthetic Alone and Local Anesthetic With Adjuvants Helpful in Managing Post-operative Pain in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)? [NCT05003765]		200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-08-06	Recruiting
Comparison of Analgesic Efficiency in Laparoscopic Percutaneous Extraperitoneal Closure for Pediatric Inguinal Hernia and Hydrocele Provided by Ultrasound Guided Posterior Quadratus Lumborum Block Using Between 0.125% and 0.25% Bupivacaine [NCT04998071]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-08-15	Recruiting
Neurostimulation in Pudendal Nerve Block: is That Really Necessary? [NCT03072329]		150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Completed
Intraoperative Lidocaine Infusion vs. Esmolol Infusion for Postoperative Analgesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: a Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT02327923]	Phase 4	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Completed
Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block With Bupivacaine Versus Wound Infiltration With Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) for Postoperative Pain Management After Open Total Abdominal Hysterectomy: a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02074709]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Completed
The Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Post-dural Puncture Headache in Pregnant Women [NCT02999919]		420 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-30	Completed
Are Adductor Canal Blocks With Bupivacaine and Added Magnesium Better at Managing Post-operative Pain Than Adductor Canal Blocks With Bupivacaine and Added Buprenorphine in Patients Undergoing Same-day Discharge Total Knee Arthroplasty? [NCT05091138]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-10-12	Recruiting
High Spinal Anesthesia and the Incidence of Delirium After Cardiac Surgery: a Randomized-controlled Feasibility Trial [NCT05374356]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-05-31	Recruiting
Chronic Migraine Prophylaxis: Comparative Study Between Ultrasound-Guided Greater Occipital Nerve Block and Medical Treatment [NCT06122545]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-05-01	Recruiting
Comparison of Intrathecal Morphine, Epidural Bupivacaine With Sufentanil and Systemic Patient Controlled Analgesia With Morphine for Analgesia After Colorectal Surgery: Prospective Randomised Study. [NCT03007121]	Phase 4	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-04-10	Completed
Perioperative Epidural Versus Intravenous Local Anesthetic Infusion in Open Upper Abdominal Surgery [NCT03005171]	Phase 2/Phase 3	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial for Pain Control in Laparoscopic Urologic Surgery: 0.25% Bupivacaine Versus Long-Acting Liposomal Bupivacaine [NCT02222129]	Phase 4	206 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-12-31	Completed
Analgesic Efficacy of Two Concentrations of Bupivacaine in Women in Labor. [NCT02244086]	Phase 4	114 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-06-30	Completed
Adjuvants to Ultrasonic Guided Interscalene Block In Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair; Morphine and/or Nalbuphine [NCT03034382]	Phase 2	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Recruiting
A Prospective, Randomized, Blinded, Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Continuous Lumbar Plexus Block With and Without Parasacral Block in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Replacement [NCT02161484]		10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to The computer is crushed and all data is lost (IT was not able to recover it. Last data was collected 6.17.14))
Comparison Between Bupivacaine Extended-Release Liposome Injection (Exparel) Versus Bupivacaine With Dexamethasone in Transversus Abdominis Plane Block: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02179892]	Phase 4	9 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Terminated(stopped due to Inadequate patient population to complete enrollment)
Effects of Different Epidural Initiation Volumes on Postoperative Analgesia in Cesarean Delivery [NCT03156322]		81 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-01	Completed
Prospective Evaluation of Exparel Adductor Canal Field Block for Pain Control After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction [NCT04764916]	Phase 3	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-02-16	Recruiting
A Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial of Two Periarticular Multimodal Drug Injections in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty [NCT02543801]	Phase 4	239 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-25	Completed
Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Paravertebral Block in Patients Undergoing Elective Breast Surgery. A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Dermatomal Spread. [NCT03471442]		48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-05-29	Completed
Effect of Bupivacaine-infused Fibrin Sealant Application on Post-tonsillectomy Pain & Hemorrhage: a Clinical Trial. [NCT02343263]	Phase 2	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-03-31	Terminated(stopped due to FDA IND was not obtained)
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Continuous Sciatic Nerve Block to Single Shot Sciatic Nerve Block [NCT01615939]	Phase 4	17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-06-30	Terminated(stopped due to The study has been terminiated due to minimal subject recruitment)
Prospective Single-Arm Pilot Study for CT-Guided, Temporary Celiac Ganglion Block as a Test Before Celiac Ganglion Resection for Dysautonomia-Related Bowel Dysmotility [NCT04121338]	Phase 1	15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-12-09	Completed
Comparison of Lidocaine Versus Bupivacaine Spinal Anesthesia in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Prospective Study [NCT02818894]	Phase 4	135 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-09-27	Terminated(stopped due to This study was terminated due to pressing matters related to the COVID-19 pandemic - staff shortages and changes of personnel, data gaps due to the pandemic, participants not being able to continue follow-up visits, and ongoing enrollment issues.)
Comparison of Infraclavicular and Supraclavicular Block Approaches in Ultrasound Guided Brachial Plexus Block [NCT04784104]	Phase 4	70 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-03-05	Not yet recruiting
Characterizing and Comparing the Duration of Local Anesthetic in Dermatologic Surgery [NCT05767749]	Phase 4	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-03-14	Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate a Novel Analgesia Technique for ACL Reconstruction: Adductor Canal Block With an IPACK Versus Adductor Canal Block [NCT03292926]	Phase 4	78 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-04	Active, not recruiting
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL COMPARING LIPOSOMAL BUPIVACAINE VERSUS BUPIVACAINE HCL FOR POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF FOREFOOT SURGERY [NCT04751344]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-06-16	Recruiting
Comparison of Rectal Infiltration of Exparel vs. 0.25% Bupivacaine With Epinephrine vs. Placebo for Analgesic Benefit Following Hemorrhoidectomy [NCT02104414]	Phase 4	11 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Terminated(stopped due to low enrollment)
Preemptive Local Anesthesia in Vaginal Surgery, A Prospective, Randomised Trial [NCT00318292]	Phase 4	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-04-30	Completed
A Phase 2 Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Active-control, Dose-ranging Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of a Single Administration of SKY0402 for Prolonged Postoperative Analgesia in Subject Undergoing Hemorrhoidectomy [NCT00529126]	Phase 2	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-09-30	Completed
Effect of Intrathecal Morphine, Dexmedetomidine or Both in Combination to Bupivacaine on Immunity in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Cancer Surgeries [NCT03024957]	Phase 1/Phase 2	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Active, not recruiting
A Prospective, Double-blinded, Randomized Comparison of Caudal Analgesia Versus Ultrasound Guided Rectus Sheath Blocks for Umbilical Herniorrhaphy in the Pediatric Population [NCT01394523]	Phase 2/Phase 3	39 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-08-31	Terminated(stopped due to Interim power analysis was prohibitive to continuing the study)
Effect of Subarachnoid Hyperbaric Bupivacaine on Mean Arterial Pressure in Obese Pregnant Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section [NCT06060015]	Phase 4	106 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-08-01	Recruiting
Post-procedural Pain Associated With Periurethral Block at Time of Bulkamid Injection for SUI: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT06043063]		52 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-01	Recruiting
Quadratus Lumborum Block to Improve Postoperative Pain Management After Laparoscopic Myomectomies: a Double-blinded and Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial. [NCT05979493]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-01	Not yet recruiting
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Dual Sympathetic Blocks for Patients Experiencing Sympathetically-Mediated Symptoms From Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) [NCT05638620]	Phase 1	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-01-03	Active, not recruiting
Great Auricular Nerve Block for Children Undergoing Tympanomastoid Surgery: Does the Addition of Clonidine Increase the Duration of Postoperative Analgesia? [NCT01638052]	Phase 2	56 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-02-28	Completed
Prospective, Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled, Cross-over Trial of Endoscopically Guided Injection of Exparel (Bupivacaine) Towards the Ipsilateral Pterygopalatine Fossa for the Treatment of Craniofacial Pain [NCT04930887]	Phase 2	15 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-02-01	Recruiting
A Phase II, Single-dose, Blinded, Prospective Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of the CollaRx® Bupivacaine Implant in Women Following Abdominal Hysterectomy or Other Nonlaparoscopic Benign Gynecological Procedure [NCT00624910]	Phase 2	54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-12-27	Completed
Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block Study for Postoperative Pain Control [NCT02652156]	Phase 3	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-11-01	Terminated(stopped due to Operational barriers at the site.)
Regional Anesthesia Versus General Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Gynecological Surgery [NCT03830086]		28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-02-07	Completed
Use of the Tx360 Nasal Applicator for Transnasal Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block in the Treatment of Chronic Migraine: A Double-blind Placebo-controlled Study [NCT01709708]	Phase 4	41 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Completed
The Use of Lignocaine and Bupivacaine Mix in Adult Safe Male Circumcision; Less is More [NCT02245126]		217 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Completed
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Dose Response Study of SABER-Bupivacaine Instilled Into the Wound in Patients Undergoing Open Inguinal Hernia Repair [NCT00974350]	Phase 2	124 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-01-31	Completed
Comparative Study of Analgesic Efficacy of Ultrasound Guided Interscalene Block Versus Combined Shoulder Anterior Capsular Block and Suprascapular Nerve Block for Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgeries. [NCT05686395]		90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-01-01	Recruiting
An International, Randomised, Double Blinded, Multi-centre, Active- and Placebo-controlled Dose Response Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of SABER-Bupivacaine for Postoperative Pain Control in Patients Undergoing Primary, Elective, Open, Abdomina [NCT00993226]	Phase 2	115 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-05-31	Completed
Administration of Local Anesthetic in Trigger Thumb Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT03873480]		31 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-10-02	Completed
Anesthetic Greater Occipital Nerve Blockade in Veterans With Post-Traumatic Headache: Sub-study 1 [NCT06069791]	Phase 1	12 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-30	Recruiting
A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating Pecs Blocks Types I and II as a Method for Administering the Non-Opioid Anesthetic Exparel in Order to Mitigate Postoperative Narcotic Usage, Pain, Nausea, and Hospital Stay in Patients Undergoing I [NCT05171179]	Phase 3	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-10-22	Recruiting
Comparison of Sequential and Mixture Injection of Opioids and Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for Subarachnoid Block for Elective Caesarean Section; a Randomised Controlled Study [NCT04403724]	Phase 4	126 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-07-11	Completed
Effect of Adding Dexamethasone to Intrathecal Bupivacaine on Blood Sugar of Patients Undergoing Diabetic Foot Surgeries. [NCT03871049]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-10	Completed
The Postoperative Analgesic Effect of Dexamethasone Added to Topical Bupivacaine in Endoscopic Nasal Surgery [NCT03036605]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-03-15	Completed
Effects Of Adjuvants (Dexamethasone and Dexmedetomidine) to Caudal Anesthesia on Cardiac Output and Hemodynamics Measured By Electrical Cardiometry In Children: A Randomized Double Blind Study [NCT03101137]	Phase 4	48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-29	Completed
Effects of Rhomboid Intercostal Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia After Thoracoscopic Surgery Compared With Local Anesthetic Infilteration: A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT04821947]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-04-01	Not yet recruiting
Analgesia After Total Knee Arthroplasty: Adductor Canal Block With Periarticular Injection and IPACK (ACB/PAI/IPACK) Versus Periarticular Injection (PAI). A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03094663]		86 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-02-28	Recruiting
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of the XaraColl® Bupivacaine Implant (300 mg Bupivacaine Hydrochloride) After Open Laparotomy Hernioplasty [NCT02525133]	Phase 3	319 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-05	Completed
Hip Arthroscopy; Femoral Nerve Block or Fascia Iliaca Block: A Randomized Control Trial [NCT05010499]	Phase 4	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-07-28	Recruiting
Paravertebral Block in Coarctation of the Aorta [NCT03074773]	Phase 1	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-10-30	Completed
Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) Block for Congenital Hip Dislocation Surgery: Randomized Controlled Double Blind Study [NCT04212039]		48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-01	Completed
A Comparison of Epidural Techniques for Labour Analgesia [NCT03065569]		150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-05-07	Completed
The Efficacy of Ultrasound-guided Pecto-Intercostal Fascial Plain Block Versus Lidocaine Infusion on Acute and Chronic Post-thoracotomy Pain; A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05885230]		138 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-05-01	Recruiting
Assessing the Impact of EXPAREL(R) on Opioid Use and Patient Reported Outcomes When Administered by Infiltration Into the Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Under Ultrasound Guidance for Prolonged Postsurgical Analgesia in Lower Abdominal Surgeries [NCT01919190]	Phase 4	67 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-31	Terminated(stopped due to Due to reasons unrelated to safety; primary endpoint signal seen during pre-specified interim analysis.)
Comparison of Different Approaches for Supraclavicular Block and Their Effects on Diaphragm Muscle Function Evaluated With Diaphragm Thickening Fraction [NCT04756050]	Phase 4	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-02-16	Completed
Stopping Opioid Overuse in Obstetrics to Halt Exposure Trial [NCT04680221]	Phase 4	97 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-03-01	Enrolling by invitation
A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect of Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) When Compared to Saline Control in Reducing Opioid Utilization for Pain Management in Postoperative Lumbar Spine Surgeries. [NCT04644796]	Phase 4	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-02-10	Completed
Intrathecal Hydromorphone for Labor Analgesia [NCT02277782]		21 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-01	Terminated(stopped due to Study drug shortage, COVID related suspension of recruitment)
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Active-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of EXPAREL Admixed With Bupivacaine HCl vs. Bupivacaine HCl Administered Via Adductor Canal Block for Postsurgical Analgesia i [NCT05139030]	Phase 3	167 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-01-18	Completed
TAP-catheter With Intermittent Bolus Injections of Bupivacain, an Alternative to Epidural Catheter Infusion After Colon Surgery? [NCT01395043]		15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-09-30	Completed
Study of Peri-Articular Anaesthetic for Replacement of the Knee [NCT03326180]	Phase 3	533 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-29	Completed
Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of EXPAREL When Administered by Infiltration Into the Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) for Prolonged Postsurgical Analgesia in Subjects Undergoing Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy [NCT01582477]	Phase 4	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Completed
A Randomized, Triple-Blinded Study of Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Celiac Plexus Blockade (EUS-CPB) With Bupivicaine and Triamcinolone vs. Bupivicaine Alone for the Treatment of Pain in Chronic Pancreatitis [NCT00658736]	Phase 3	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-03-31	Completed
Retroclavicular Approach vs Infraclavicular Approach for Brachial Plexus Block in Obese [NCT02990702]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Not yet recruiting
Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-group, Active-control Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of a Single Administration of SKY0402 for Prolonged Postoperative Analgesia in Subjects Undergoing Hemorrhoidectomy [NCT00744848]	Phase 3	204 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-08-31	Completed
Hemodynamic Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Heavy Bupivacaine Spinal Anesthesia [NCT02155010]		74 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-31	Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Continuous Subpleural Infusion of Bupivacaine After Thoracoscopy [NCT01566838]		83 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-10-31	Completed
Effect of Ultra-low Dose Naloxone During Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block on the Anti-nociceptive Criteria of Post-operative Opioid in Orthopedic Upper Limb Surgeries [NCT03372486]		64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-12-18	Completed
A Randomized Double Blinded Study to Determine the Effectiveness of Utilizing Intraperitoneal Bupivacaine: Does it Reduce Post-operative Opioid Use Following Laparoscopic Appendectomy? [NCT03004222]		137 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
Post-operative Pain Relief in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Using a Combination of Intraperitoneal Bupivacaine Morphine, Bupivacaine Fentanyl and Bupivacaine Ketamine: A Comparative Study [NCT03355716]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-01-31	Not yet recruiting
Popliteal Block for Postoperative Pain in Knee-ankle Soft Tissue Surgery in Cerebral Palsy [NCT02507700]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Completed
Subcutaneous Wound Infiltration of Ketamine is Superior to Bupivacaine in Terms of Pain Perception and Opioid Consumption After Cesarean Section: a Double-blinded Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial. [NCT02515422]	Phase 1	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-06-30	Completed
Infiltration of Bupivacaine Local Anesthetic to Trocar Insertion Sites After Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial [NCT01688596]	Phase 1	135 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Completed
Subtenon Versus Intravenous Dexmedetomidine for Postoperative Analgesia and Vomiting Control in Infantile Cataract Surgery [NCT02495220]	Phase 2/Phase 3	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Recruiting
Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing Continuous Femoral and Single Injection Sciatic Peripheral Nerve Blocks vs Periarticular Injection With Ropivacaine or Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) on Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT02223364]	Phase 4	165 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Completed
A Double-Blind Randomized Comparison Trial of Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Who Receive Interscalene Blocks With or Without Liposomal Bupivacaine (PoPTSAWoW Trial) [NCT05900427]	Phase 4	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-08	Recruiting
Safety and Analgesic Efficacy of Spinal Versus Caudal Block in Pediatric Infra-umbilical Surgery [NCT02988700]	Phase 2/Phase 3	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Completed
Adding Dexmedetomidine to Caudal Bupivacaine for Analgesia in Supra - Umbilical Pediatric Surgeries: Would it Add More Analgesia [NCT03307590]	Phase 2/Phase 3	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-01	Completed
Effect of Preincisional Local Analgesia on Post-Operative Pain in 10-12mm Lateral Port Sites [NCT01452633]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-11-30	Recruiting
Effect of Ultrasound-Guided Internal Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block on Sore Throat After Intubation by Double-Lumen Bronchial Tube for Thoracoscopic Surgery [NCT05825872]	Phase 4	64 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-04-05	Recruiting
Vaginal Cuff Infiltration With Liposomal Bupivacaine for Pain Relief: A Double Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05823363]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-04-10	Recruiting
The Combination of Adductor Canal Block and Periarticular Injection. A Novel Technique for Patients Undergoing Total Knee Replacement (ACB PAI) [NCT02292082]	Phase 4	111 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-11-30	Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Wound Infiltration With Extended-release Versus Short-acting Bupivacaine Before Laparoscopic or Robotic Hysterectomy [NCT02352922]	Phase 4	64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
The Efficiency of Periarticular Multimodal Drug Injection in Pain Management Following Primary Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT06112548]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-01	Not yet recruiting
Exparel Transversus Abdominis Plane Block vs Intrathecal Analgesia In Colorectal Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Trial [NCT02356198]		209 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-03-31	Completed
Voiding Function After Mid-Urethral Slings With and Without Local Anesthetic: Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01583166]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Completed
Postoperative Analgesia Using Ganglion Impar Block After Anal Surgery [NCT04110132]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-07-01	Not yet recruiting
Safety and Efficacy of Single Ankle, Single Popliteal or Combined Ankle and Popliteal Block for Diabetic Foot Surgery: A Comparative Study [NCT03155568]		90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-06-15	Not yet recruiting
Single-Blinded, Randomized Assessment of Post-Mastectomy Analgesia Using Exparel (Liposomal) Versus Standard Bupivacaine or Placebo [NCT03504865]	Phase 2	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-07-01	Recruiting
Abdominal Wall Reconstruction: Postoperative Outcomes Using Transverse Abdominal Plane Anesthesia [NCT02274077]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to funding for the study was terminated)
Multimodal Analgesia Effect on Post Surgical Patient [NCT04240626]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-20	Recruiting
Investigation of Analgesic Effect of Long Thoracic Nerve Blockade After VATS (Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery) Operation [NCT03483415]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-05-01	Not yet recruiting
Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Local Administration of EXPAREL in Subjects Undergoing Femoral Nerve Block With Bupivacaine HCl for Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT02255500]	Phase 4	23 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Completed
Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided Supraclavicular and Costoclavicular Brachial Plexus Blocks in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Unilateral Upper Exremity Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blinded Study [NCT04782778]		58 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-04-01	Completed
Postoperative subQ Pain Control for Spinal Fusion Surgery [NCT03476811]	Phase 2	11 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-02-09	Completed
A Randomized, Blinded, Inpatient Study to Investigate the PK, Relative Bioavailability and Safety of 2 Doses of XaraColl (200 and 300 mg Bupivacaine HCl) Compared to Bupivacaine HCl Infiltration (150 mg) After Open Laparotomy Hernioplasty [NCT02232178]	Phase 2	64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-10-20	Completed
Lidocaine With Epinephrine vs. Bupivacaine With Epinephrine as Local Anesthetic Agents in Wide-awake Hand Surgery: an Outcome Study of Patients' Pain Perception. [NCT02315573]		61 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-10-31	Completed
Dexamethasone Effect Using Ultrasound Guided Bilateral Superficial Cervical Block for Postoperative Pain Therapy in Thyroid Surgery [NCT03109691]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-01-28	Recruiting
The Interest of Wound Infiltration With Local Anesthetic Agent for Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Adult: a Double Blind, Prospective, Randomized Control Trial [NCT03481517]	Phase 4	47 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-04-23	Completed
Effect of Spinal or Sevoflurane Anesthesia on Neutrophil Activation After Tourniquet Induced Ischemia-reperfusion in Knee Surgery [NCT03470363]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-01	Completed
The Effect of the Popliteal Plexus Block on Postoperative Pain After Total Knee Arthroplasty - a Randomized, Controlled, Double-blinded Study [NCT03439787]	Phase 4	15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-05-15	Terminated(stopped due to Methodological problems/problems in the study design (competing pain and a placebo effect). No serious adverse events or other safety issues)
Continuous Erector Spinae Plane Blocks to Treat Postoperative Pain After Open Gynecologic Procedures Via a Low Transverse (Pfannenstiel) Incision: A Randomized, Triple-masked, Placebo-controlled, Split-body Clinical Trial [NCT05082155]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-01-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to surgeons stopped doing procedures)
Intrathecal Morphine and Local Infiltration Analgesia in Total Knee Arthroplasty, a Randomized Controlled Study [NCT03434951]	Phase 4	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-11-06	Recruiting
Sequential Intrathecal Injection of Fentanyl and Hyperbaric Bupivacaine at Different Rates; Does it Make Difference? [NCT03415087]		56 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-01	Completed
Influence of SPI-guided Analgesia With Preventive Different Peribulbar Blocks (PBB) on the Presence of OCR, Postoperative Pain, PONV in Patients Undergoing VRS Under General Anaesthesia: a Randomised, Controlled Trial [NCT03413371]		175 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-04-26	Recruiting
Comparison of Clinical Effects of Meperidine and Sufentanil Added to 0.5% Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for Spinal Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section [NCT04446715]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-10-01	Recruiting
Comparison of Postoperative Analgesic Efficacy of Erector Spinae Plane Block With 20 ml and 30 ml Bupivacaine Volumes in Cardiac Surgery [NCT04928521]		70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-06-01	Completed
Analgesic Efficacy of Paravertebral Morphine for Acute Postoperative Pain: Randomized Multicenter Clinical Trial [NCT03379987]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-01-01	Recruiting
Intraperitoneal Instillation and Wound Infiltration Compared With Intrathecal Morphine for Postcesarean Section Analgesia : A Prospective Randomized Controlled Double- Blind Trial [NCT05405049]		46 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-06-01	Not yet recruiting
Dosage of Intrathecal Hyperbaric Bupivacaine and the Incidence of Post Spinal Shivering in Cesarean Section: is There a Relation? [NCT03356899]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-12-30	Completed
Can Latency of Action in Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block be Shortened With Warmed Bupivacaine? [NCT03346993]	Phase 1	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-07-01	Completed
The Effect of Ultrasound-Guided Bilateral Rectus Sheath Block Versus Wound Infiltration on Postoperative Pain in Gynecooncological Patients Undergoing Laparotomy With Midline Incision: Randomized Controlled Triple Blinding Study [NCT06095908]		30 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2023-06-15	Recruiting
Efficacy of Two Dental Local Anesthetics on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life After Endodontic Treatment in the Symptomatic Mandibular Molars: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04787731]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-07-29	Suspended(stopped due to COVID-19 and Personnel changes)
A Dose Response Study for Duration of Analgesia Using Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine for Infragluteal Parabiceps Sciatic Block [NCT01272921]	Phase 4	142 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-11-30	Completed
A Prospective Trial to Assess Analgesic Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine vs. Bupivacaine HCL as a Tap Block After Abdominally Based Autologous Breast Reconstruction [NCT02662036]	Phase 4	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-29	Terminated(stopped due to Interim analysis showed that there was no difference between the two drugs)
An Investigator-Initiated, Double-Blind, Patient-Controlled, Randomized Control Trial Comparing the Effectiveness of Liposomal Bupivacaine to a Solution of Bupivacaine, Epinephrine Clonidine and Dexamethasone in Bilateral, Single Shot, Erector Spinae Plan [NCT04603911]	Phase 2	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-12-04	Active, not recruiting
Analgesic Effect of Adding Popliteal Plexus Block to Standard Saphenous Nerve Block in Patients Scheduled for Elective Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction : Randomized Observer Blind Clinical Trial [NCT04020133]		58 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-09-05	Recruiting
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Adding Magnesium Sulfate as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Bilateral Ultrasound Guided Paravertebral Block for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy [NCT05099250]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-07-15	Completed
The Effect of Unilateral Spinal Anaesthesia and Psoas Compartment With Sciatic Block on the Postoperative Pain Management in Total Knee Artroplastic Surgery [NCT03021421]	Early Phase 1	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Completed
Does Liposomal Bupivacaine Provide Improved Pain Management for ORIF of Midshaft Clavicle Fractures? [NCT03020563]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-23	Withdrawn(stopped due to no longer necessary)
A Pain Relief Trial Utilizing the Infiltration of a Multivesicular Liposome Formulation Of Bupivacaine, EXPAREL®: A Phase 4 Health Economic Trial in Adult Patients Undergoing Open Colectomy [NCT01507246]	Phase 4	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-12-31	Completed
Continuous Adductor Canal Block With Epidural Analgesia for Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial [NCT02121392]		165 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-10-31	Completed
Local Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Standard of Care in an Opioid-Sparing Analgesic Approach to Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial [NCT02219087]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-08-31	Completed
Randomized Double-blinded Study Designed to Optimize the Dose of Bupivacaine in Combined Spinal Epidurals to Reduce the Incidence of Fetal Bradycardia and Maternal Hypotension [NCT02159807]		170 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-24	Completed
A Pain Relief Trial Utilizing the Infiltration of a Multivesicular Liposome Formulation of Bupivacaine, EXPAREL(R): A Phase 4 Health Economic Trial in Adult Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Colectomy (IMPROVE-Lap Colectomy) [NCT02058290]	Phase 4	122 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-12-31	Terminated(stopped due to Slower than expected enrollment)
Effect of Two Different Doses of Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvant Combined With Hyperbaric Bupivacaine in Elderly Patients Undergoing Transurethral Resection of Prostate: A Prospective, Randomized Study [NCT05351489]	Early Phase 1	70 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-05-30	Recruiting
Interscalene Block Versus Superior Trunk Block: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT03272139]	Phase 4	126 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-28	Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Combined Spinal- Epidural Dosing Strategies for External Cephalic Version [NCT01991743]		240 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Completed
The Use of Exparel for Extended Pain Control in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery [NCT02008370]	Phase 4	9 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Terminated(stopped due to Lack of available participants that meet criteria)
[NCT02510287]		128 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
Intra-articular Infiltration With Magnesium Sulphate and Bupivacaine in Distal Radius Fractures. Randomized, Double-blind Study [NCT02514343]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
Does Bupivacaine Liposomal Injectable Suspension Decrease Post-operative Pain and Narcotic Use After Elective Orthognathic Surgery? [NCT03318757]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-09-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to The research could not be conducted as it was denied by the IRB.)
Pediatric Caudal Epidural Dexmedetomidine Enhances Postoperative Analgesia of Magnesium Sulphate and Quality of Caudal Anesthesia in Lower Abdominal Surgeries [NCT02487355]	Phase 2/Phase 3	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Recruiting
The Evaluation of Pre-incisional and Post-closure Local Anesthetic vs. Normal Saline on Postoperative Pain in Pediatric Appendectomies [NCT02483689]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-08-31	Recruiting
Predictability of the Effects of Facet Joint Infiltration in the Degenerate Lumbar Spine When Assessing MRI Scans [NCT03308149]		50 participants (Actual)	Observational	2016-01-10	Completed
Comparison Of Dexmedetomidine And Dexamethasone As An Adjuvant To Bupivacaine In Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block In Upper Limb Surgeries [NCT04791475]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-02-22	Completed
Study for the Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Stellate Ganglion Blockade in Preventing Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation [NCT03269383]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-12-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Lack of funding and other logistical issues)
The Effect of Local Anesthesia on Postoperative Pain in Vaginal Hysterectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03268525]	Early Phase 1	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-01	Completed
Intrathecally Administered Ketamine, Dexmedetomidine, and Their Combination With Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia in Major Abdominal Cancer Surgery [NCT02455609]	Phase 2/Phase 3	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-03-31	Active, not recruiting
Port Site Infiltration With Bupivacaine for Reduction of Postoperative Pain in Woman Undergoing Gynecologic Laparoscopy: A Randomized, Factorial, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial [NCT03259243]	Phase 4	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-04-01	Completed
Comparison of Two Vasopressor Infusion for Prevention of Post-spinal Hypotension During Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03248791]	Phase 4	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-08-20	Recruiting
Efficacy and Side Effects of Intrathecal Morphine in Multimodal Analgesia for Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT03232957]		131 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-01	Completed
[NCT02495363]		50 participants (Actual)	Observational	2015-03-31	Completed
Evaluation Of Efficacy And Safety Of Labour Analgesia By Intrathecal Morphine With Fentanyl Compared To Morphine With Bupivacaine In Mulago Hospital: A Double-blinded Randomized Control Trial [NCT02498171]		138 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Completed
Comparison Of The Effect Of Dexamethasone Added To Bupivacaine With Plain Bupivacaine For Caudal Block In Patients For Herniotomy. [NCT02496299]	Phase 2	96 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Not yet recruiting
Pecto-Intercostal Fascial Plane Block for Enhanced Recovery After Cardiac Surgery [NCT04928339]	Phase 4	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-03-28	Active, not recruiting
Vasopressor Prophylaxis After Spinal Anesthesia: A Dose Finding Study [NCT03234816]	Phase 4	270 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-02	Completed
Assessment of the Analgesic Efficacy of Morphine Chloride in Addition to a Low Dose Solution of Spinal Anaesthetic in Hemorrhoidectomy Compared to a Standard Dose of Spinal Local Anaesthetic. Simple Blind, Randomized, With Blinded Evaluation by Third Part [NCT02046772]	Phase 4	63 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Completed
Prospective Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial of the Use of Intraperitoneal Nebulised Local Anaesthetic [NCT00180687]	Phase 3	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-10-31	Completed
Analgesic Efficacy of Different Volumes in Erector Spinae Plane Block in Patients Undergoing Single Level Lumbar Spine Fixation: A Non-inferiority Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT05892887]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-06-01	Completed
Yale Steroid Enhanced Versus Exparel Nerveblock TKA Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) Study [NCT05279092]	Phase 2	250 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-09-08	Recruiting
Comparative Study of Ultrasound-guided Paravertebral Block Versus Intravenous Tramadol for Postoperative Pain Control in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy [NCT02412930]	Phase 4	53 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Use of Pre-emptive Pudendal Nerve Block for Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery [NCT02409498]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-31	Withdrawn
Scalp Block: Hemodynamic Stability and Patient Comfort In Craniotomy Patients [NCT03177252]	Phase 1	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-10-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to Investigator decided not to go forward with the trial.)
the Association of Ultrasound Guided Suprascapular and Supraclavicular Nerve Block Provides Adequate Analgesia in Comparison With Ultrasound Guided Interscalene Block [NCT02397330]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-04-30	Not yet recruiting
Two-part Study of Intrathecal Paracetamol Administered Immediately Before Spinal Anaesthesia in Patients Scheduled for Hip Replacement Surgery [NCT02654860]	Phase 1/Phase 2	69 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Completed
Improving Pain Management After Total Shoulder Replacement Using Bupivacaine Liposome [NCT04134442]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-12-09	Withdrawn(stopped due to A new large meta-analysis was published. The results showed the likelihood that liposomal bupivacaine and nerve blocks no longer offer significant contribution. Decision was made to terminate the study.)
Does Liposomal Bupivacaine Improve Pain Following Robotic Sacrocolpopexy and Rectocele Repair for Pelvic Organ Prolapse? A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial [NCT02449915]	Phase 4	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-03-31	Completed
The Impact of Liposomal Bupivicaine on Post-Operative Pain in Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery: A Double-Blind Prospective Randomized Control Trial [NCT02480621]	Phase 3	84 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-12-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of Local Administration of EXPAREL for Prolonged Postsurgical Analgesia in Subjects Undergoing Third Molar Extraction [NCT02517905]	Phase 3	166 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-08-31	Completed
Efficacy of Serratus Anterior Plane Block Using Bupivacaine Alone, Bupivacaine/ Magnesium Sulfate Versus Bupivacaine/ Nalbuphine for Thoracotomy: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Comparative Study. [NCT05565235]	Phase 4	78 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-12-09	Recruiting
A Comparison Between Continuous Selective Femoral Blocks and Continuous Adductor Canal Blocks at Mid-Thigh in Total Knee Arthroplasty: What is the Best Method to Optimize Functional Achievement and Analgesia in Early Rehabilitation? [NCT02453321]	Phase 4	62 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Completed
Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Continuous Posterior Lumbar Plexus Nerve Block vs Periarticular Injection With Ropivacaine or Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel®) on Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty [NCT02242201]	Phase 4	165 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Completed
Randomized Non-inferiority Trial of Continuous Thoracic Epidural Analgesia Versus Single Intercostal Nerve Block After Thoracotomy [NCT02178553]	Phase 4	102 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-10-15	Completed
Postoperative Analgesia Comparing Subsartorial Saphenous Nerve Block With and Without Dexamethasone in ACL Reconstruction [NCT01586806]	Phase 4	195 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-07-31	Completed
Vital Capacity in Ultrasound Guided Serratus Plane Block in Emergency Department Patients With Multiple Rib Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04530149]	Phase 4	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-11-01	Recruiting
A Trial to Determine the Optimal Bupivacaine Dose for Initiation of Labor Epidural Pain Relief [NCT04814537]	Phase 4	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-02-25	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT00178178 (1) [back to overview]	Pain
NCT00180687 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Vomiting / Nausea Episodes
NCT00180687 (4) [back to overview]	Postoperative Morphine Use
NCT00180687 (4) [back to overview]	Reduction in Postoperative Pain
NCT00180687 (4) [back to overview]	Hours Needed for Safe Mobilization
NCT00203294 (1) [back to overview]	Headache Severity as Measured on an 11-point Verbal Scale (0 to 10):0=No Pain 10=Excruciating Pain
NCT00318292 (1) [back to overview]	Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Pain Score
NCT00398866 (2) [back to overview]	Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
NCT00398866 (2) [back to overview]	Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire
NCT00443560 (3) [back to overview]	Duration of Labor Analgesia
NCT00443560 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Parturients With a Decrease in the Infusion of Epidural Analgesia During Second Stage of Labor
NCT00443560 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Breakthrough Pain in the First Stage of Labor
NCT00484159 (2) [back to overview]	Successful Treatment
NCT00484159 (2) [back to overview]	Cost Per Successful Procedure
NCT00485433 (1) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) With Activity (NRS-A) Pain Intensity Scores From 0 Through 72 Hours
NCT00485693 (1) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) With Activity (NRS-A) Pain Intensity Scores Through Postoperative Day 4
NCT00492973 (5) [back to overview]	Complications, Such as Infections, Hospital Readmissions, Manipulations Under Anesthesia, Etc.
NCT00492973 (5) [back to overview]	Amount of Pain Medication Taken Per Day
NCT00492973 (5) [back to overview]	Length of Hospital Stay
NCT00492973 (5) [back to overview]	Knee Society Scores
NCT00492973 (5) [back to overview]	Knee Range of Motion
NCT00519584 (4) [back to overview]	Maximum VRS Pain Scores at Rest
NCT00519584 (4) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Consumption
NCT00519584 (4) [back to overview]	the Duration of Analgesia
NCT00519584 (4) [back to overview]	Time to a Significant Increase in Shoulder Discomfort
NCT00527332 (1) [back to overview]	Duration of Hospital Stay.
NCT00529126 (1) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) at Rest (NRS-R) Pain Intensity Scores From 0 Through 72 Hours
NCT00533845 (1) [back to overview]	Visual Aanalog Scale (VAS) for Pain Assessment With Cough at 48 Hours
NCT00562627 (3) [back to overview]	Opioid Use
NCT00562627 (3) [back to overview]	Pain at Rest (VAS)
NCT00562627 (3) [back to overview]	Time to Readiness for Discharge
NCT00578136 (2) [back to overview]	The Duration of Analgesia Based on Time to First Rescue Med, the Quality of Analgesia Based on Modified FACES Scale, and the Incidence of Side Effects: Nausea, Vomiting, Pruritus, and Assess Patient Satisfaction With Pain Management.
NCT00578136 (2) [back to overview]	The Amount of Intravenous and Oral Opioids Used by Patients Who Receive a Rectus Sheath Nerve Block and Those Who Receive Local Infiltration of the Surgical Site for Postoperative Analgesia.
NCT00624910 (8) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity Rating on a 4-point Likert Scale (After Cough)
NCT00624910 (8) [back to overview]	Total Use of Opioid Rescue Analgesia
NCT00624910 (8) [back to overview]	Total Use of Opioid Rescue Analgesia
NCT00624910 (8) [back to overview]	Total Use of Opioid Rescue Analgesia
NCT00624910 (8) [back to overview]	Time to First Use of Opioid Rescue Analgesia
NCT00624910 (8) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity Rating on a Visual Analog Scale (at Rest)
NCT00624910 (8) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity Rating on a 4-point Likert Scale (at Rest)
NCT00624910 (8) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity Rating on a Visual Analog Scale (After Cough)
NCT00626886 (10) [back to overview]	Categorical Pain Intensity Scores Over Time - AT REST
NCT00626886 (10) [back to overview]	Categorical Pain Intensity Scores Over Time (After Cough)
NCT00626886 (10) [back to overview]	Total Use of Opioid Rescue Analgesia Over 0 to 24 Hours
NCT00626886 (10) [back to overview]	Total Use of Opioid Rescue Analgesia Over 0 to 48 Hours
NCT00626886 (10) [back to overview]	Total Use of Opioid Rescue Analgesia Over 0 to 72 Hours
NCT00626886 (10) [back to overview]	Categorical Pain Relief Scores Over Time - AT REST
NCT00626886 (10) [back to overview]	Categorical Pain Relief Scores Over Time (After Cough)
NCT00626886 (10) [back to overview]	Patient's Global Evaluation of the Study Treatment on a 5 Point Likert Scale
NCT00626886 (10) [back to overview]	Summed Pain Intensity VAS Scores (VAS at Rest and After Cough)
NCT00626886 (10) [back to overview]	VAS Pain Intensity Scores Over Time
NCT00658736 (2) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Quality of Life Score at 1 Month - SF12 Physical Component
NCT00658736 (2) [back to overview]	Change in Pain Disability Index
NCT00678379 (7) [back to overview]	Mean Visual Analog Scale Pain Number.
NCT00678379 (7) [back to overview]	Number and Percent of Participants Able to Tolerate a Regular Diet
NCT00678379 (7) [back to overview]	Median Number of Pain Medication Doses
NCT00678379 (7) [back to overview]	Number and Percent of Participants Able to Tolerate Only Liquids
NCT00678379 (7) [back to overview]	Number and Percent of Participants Able to Tolerate Only a Soft Diet
NCT00678379 (7) [back to overview]	Total Number of Post-operative Doses of Analgesics.
NCT00678379 (7) [back to overview]	Total Time Until Discharge From Hospital.
NCT00744848 (1) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Numeric Rating Scale at Rest (NRS-R) Pain Intensity Scores
NCT00745290 (1) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) With Activity (NRS-A) Pain Intensity Scores
NCT00746863 (5) [back to overview]	Difference in Successful Voiding Trial Prior to Discharge Following Placement of Mid-urethral Sling Via the Suprapubic Approach.
NCT00746863 (5) [back to overview]	In-hospital Medication Amounts
NCT00746863 (5) [back to overview]	Difference in Postoperative Pain Using a Visual Analog Scale at 6 Hours.
NCT00746863 (5) [back to overview]	Difference in Postoperative Pain Using a Visual Analog Scale at 24 Hours.
NCT00746863 (5) [back to overview]	Difference in Postoperative Pain Using a Visual Analog Scale at 2 Hours.
NCT00749749 (7) [back to overview]	Total Amount of Opioid Rescue Analgesia Used
NCT00749749 (7) [back to overview]	Total Use of Opioid Rescue Analgesia (mg) Over 0 to 72 Hours
NCT00749749 (7) [back to overview]	VAS (mm) Pain Intensity Scores Over Time (After Cough)
NCT00749749 (7) [back to overview]	VAS Pain Intensity Scores Over Time AT REST
NCT00749749 (7) [back to overview]	Total Amount of Opioid Rescue Analgesia Used
NCT00749749 (7) [back to overview]	Time to First Use of Opioid Rescue Analgesia
NCT00749749 (7) [back to overview]	The Total Amount of Opioid Rescue Analgesia Used
NCT00779467 (8) [back to overview]	Pruritus
NCT00779467 (8) [back to overview]	Bromage Score
NCT00779467 (8) [back to overview]	Shivering
NCT00779467 (8) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction Scores
NCT00779467 (8) [back to overview]	Amount of Drug Consumed Per Hour in Each Group(Arm)
NCT00779467 (8) [back to overview]	Sedation
NCT00779467 (8) [back to overview]	Nausea
NCT00779467 (8) [back to overview]	Cesarean Delivery
NCT00801138 (4) [back to overview]	Time to First Report of Pain
NCT00801138 (4) [back to overview]	The Duration of the Interscalene Nerve Block Which is Time to First Administration of Pain Medication After Block
NCT00801138 (4) [back to overview]	Median Maximum VAS Pain Scores at Rest
NCT00801138 (4) [back to overview]	Total Three-day Opioid Consumption in Oral Oxycodone Equivalent
NCT00807209 (1) [back to overview]	Amount of Rescue PCA Fentanyl Administered for Breakthrough Pain During the First 72 Hours.
NCT00813111 (1) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) With Activity (NRS-A) Pain Intensity Scores
NCT00818363 (6) [back to overview]	Mean Pain Intensity on Movement AUC (Time Normalized Area Under the Curve) During the Period 0 to 72 Hours Post-dose.
NCT00818363 (6) [back to overview]	Number (Frequency) of Participants Reporting Opioid-related Adverse Events
NCT00818363 (6) [back to overview]	Time-to-first Use of Opioid Supplemental Pain Medication
NCT00818363 (6) [back to overview]	Supplemental Opioid Use
NCT00818363 (6) [back to overview]	Supplemental Opioid Use
NCT00818363 (6) [back to overview]	Mean Pain Intensity on Movement AUC (Time-normalized AUC) During the Period 0 to 48 Hours Post-dose (0 to 2 Days Post-dose).
NCT00895843 (1) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Needing Rescue Medication
NCT00915473 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Number of Days With Acute Medication Use
NCT00915473 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Number of Hours With Moderate or Severe Migraine
NCT00915473 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Frequency of Days With a Migraine
NCT00915473 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects With at Least 50% Reduction in the Frequency of Days With Moderate or Severe Migraine in the 4 Week Post Injection Compared to the 4 Week Pre-injection Baseline Period
NCT00927888 (2) [back to overview]	SNOT-20 Surgical Outcome Score
NCT00927888 (2) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain Assessed on Standard VAS Scale
NCT00974350 (6) [back to overview]	Mean Function Activities (Modified Brief Pain Inventory)
NCT00974350 (6) [back to overview]	Supplemental Opioid Use
NCT00974350 (6) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity
NCT00974350 (6) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity on Movement
NCT00974350 (6) [back to overview]	Treatment Satisfaction
NCT00974350 (6) [back to overview]	Proportion (Percent) of Patients Using Supplemental Opioids
NCT00993226 (4) [back to overview]	Time to First Opioid Rescue Medication Usage
NCT00993226 (4) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity (PI)
NCT00993226 (4) [back to overview]	Opioid Related Side Effects
NCT00993226 (4) [back to overview]	Supplemental Opioid Use
NCT00993798 (4) [back to overview]	Time to First Opioid Rescue Medication Usage
NCT00993798 (4) [back to overview]	Supplemental Opioid Use
NCT00993798 (4) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity (PI)
NCT00993798 (4) [back to overview]	Opioid Related Side Effects
NCT01005459 (1) [back to overview]	Spinal Analgesic Duration
NCT01015807 (1) [back to overview]	Wound Hyperalgesia Index (WHA) Assessed 48 Hrs After Block Placement in the Different Groups
NCT01052012 (9) [back to overview]	Proportion (Percent) of Patients Who Have Evidence of a Wound Infection
NCT01052012 (9) [back to overview]	Total Morphine-equivalent Dose
NCT01052012 (9) [back to overview]	Number (Incidence) of Participants With Opioid-related Side Effects
NCT01052012 (9) [back to overview]	Time-to-first Use of Opioid Rescue Medication
NCT01052012 (9) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity at Rest AUC During 0-72 Hours Post Dose
NCT01052012 (9) [back to overview]	Supplemental Opioid Use
NCT01052012 (9) [back to overview]	Mean Pain Intensity on Movement
NCT01052012 (9) [back to overview]	Mean Pain Intensity on Movement
NCT01052012 (9) [back to overview]	Mean Pain Intensity at Rest AUC During 0-48 Hours Post Dose
NCT01074190 (3) [back to overview]	Cumulative Fentanyl Dose (Micrograms)
NCT01074190 (3) [back to overview]	Plasma Fentanyl Concentration (ng/mL)
NCT01074190 (3) [back to overview]	Umbilical Vein Plasma Fentanyl Concentration (ng/mL)
NCT01087931 (4) [back to overview]	Narcotic Use, Final Follow up
NCT01087931 (4) [back to overview]	Pain, Cumulative Visual Analog Score, Final Follow up
NCT01087931 (4) [back to overview]	Pain, Cumulative Visual Analog Score, 1st Follow Up
NCT01087931 (4) [back to overview]	Narcotic Use, 1st Follow up
NCT01126593 (1) [back to overview]	Pain Scores
NCT01203644 (1) [back to overview]	Time to First Use of Supplemental Pain Medication
NCT01206595 (1) [back to overview]	Time to First Use of Supplemental Pain Medication Postoperatively for Surgical Pain
NCT01206608 (1) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) at Rest (NRS-R) and With Activity (NRS-A) Pain Intensity Scores
NCT01220024 (6) [back to overview]	Mean Sum of Pain Intensity (SPI) Categorical Scores After Aggravated Movement
NCT01220024 (6) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity Visual Analog Pain Scale Scores Over Time After Aggravated Movement (Cough)
NCT01220024 (6) [back to overview]	Sum of Pain Intensity Defined as Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 100-mm VAS PI Scores.
NCT01220024 (6) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity VAS Scores Over Time at Rest
NCT01220024 (6) [back to overview]	Sum of Pain Intensity (SPI) Using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) When at Rest
NCT01220024 (6) [back to overview]	Sum of Pain Intensity (SPI) After Aggravated Movement (Cough)
NCT01224145 (5) [back to overview]	Total Use of Opioid Rescue Analgesia Morphine Equivalence (mg)
NCT01224145 (5) [back to overview]	Total Use of Opioid Rescue Analgesia - Morphine Equivalence (mg)
NCT01224145 (5) [back to overview]	Total Use of Opioid Rescue Analgesia - Morphine Equivalence (mg)
NCT01224145 (5) [back to overview]	Total Use of Opioid Rescue Analgesia - Morphine Equivalence (mg)
NCT01224145 (5) [back to overview]	Total Use of Opioid Analgesia - Morphine Equivalence (mg)
NCT01243112 (2) [back to overview]	Onset of Action
NCT01243112 (2) [back to overview]	Length of Action
NCT01272921 (2) [back to overview]	Duration of Motor and Sensory Block of the Sciatic With 0.5% Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine After Ultrasound-guided Nerve-stimulator-Assisted Needle Positioning Beneath the CIEL
NCT01272921 (2) [back to overview]	Cumulative Probabilities for Needle Positioning Above and Below CIEL.
NCT01279447 (1) [back to overview]	Post op Pain Score
NCT01286805 (8) [back to overview]	Quality of Recovery (QoR-40) Physical Comfort Dimension
NCT01286805 (8) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction
NCT01286805 (8) [back to overview]	Readiness to Discharge From Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU)
NCT01286805 (8) [back to overview]	Requirement of Antiemetic Rescue
NCT01286805 (8) [back to overview]	Incidence of Nausea
NCT01286805 (8) [back to overview]	Incidence of Vomiting
NCT01286805 (8) [back to overview]	Narcotic Pain Medication Needed
NCT01286805 (8) [back to overview]	Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Pain at Rest (0-10) on Day of Surgery Prior to Discharge
NCT01294098 (3) [back to overview]	Femur Fracture Healing
NCT01294098 (3) [back to overview]	Post-operative Narcotic Use
NCT01294098 (3) [back to overview]	Post-operative Pain Scores
NCT01328782 (5) [back to overview]	The Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FSP-R) Scores (Scored 0-10).
NCT01328782 (5) [back to overview]	Need for IV Morphine of Fentanyl
NCT01328782 (5) [back to overview]	Time (in Minutes) to First Narcotic Administration
NCT01328782 (5) [back to overview]	Total Dosage in Morphine Equivalents (mg/kg) of All Analgesics Received in Prior to Discharge
NCT01328782 (5) [back to overview]	Total Quality Pain Management Survey (TQPM) Scores for Questions # 16: Child's Current Level of Pain, Question # 17: Child's Worst Level of Pain When Moving Around After Surgery and Question # 18: Child's Worst Level of Pain While Resting
NCT01394523 (1) [back to overview]	Post-operative Pain Score
NCT01395043 (2) [back to overview]	Opioid Requirements Postoperative
NCT01395043 (2) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain Using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) 0-10
NCT01398982 (1) [back to overview]	Mean Total Opioid Consumption
NCT01429584 (3) [back to overview]	Pain Relief
NCT01429584 (3) [back to overview]	Abnormal Lung Function
NCT01429584 (3) [back to overview]	Satisfaction With Pain Control
NCT01444924 (2) [back to overview]	Pain Scores
NCT01444924 (2) [back to overview]	24 Hour Post Operative Opioid Consumption, Converted to Intravenous Morphine Equivalents
NCT01507220 (1) [back to overview]	Incidence of Opioid-related Adverse Events
NCT01507246 (4) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Burden
NCT01507246 (4) [back to overview]	Incidence of Predefined Opioid-related Adverse Events
NCT01507246 (4) [back to overview]	Health Economic Benefits - Total Cost of Hospitalization
NCT01507246 (4) [back to overview]	Health Economic Benefits - Length of Stay
NCT01508832 (1) [back to overview]	The Change in the Average Finger Temperature From Baseline to Post-intervention.
NCT01509638 (10) [back to overview]	Health Economic Benefit
NCT01509638 (10) [back to overview]	Patient Discharged From Hospital for at Least 3 Days
NCT01509638 (10) [back to overview]	Patient Made Unplanned Visit(s) With Any Healthcare Providers
NCT01509638 (10) [back to overview]	Health Economic Benefits
NCT01509638 (10) [back to overview]	Incidence of Opioid-related Adverse Events
NCT01509638 (10) [back to overview]	Time to First Opioid Administration
NCT01509638 (10) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Burden
NCT01509638 (10) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction With Postsurgical Analgesia
NCT01509638 (10) [back to overview]	Contact or Attempted to Contact Surgeon/Doctor to Discuss Recovery After Surgery
NCT01509638 (10) [back to overview]	Experienced Health Problems or Changes in Health Since Hospital Discharge
NCT01509807 (10) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Burden
NCT01509807 (10) [back to overview]	Patient Discharged From the Hospital for at Least 3 Days
NCT01509807 (10) [back to overview]	Contact or Attempt to Contact Surgeon/Doctor to Discuss Recovery After Surgery
NCT01509807 (10) [back to overview]	Experienced Any Health Problems or Changed in Health Since Hospital Discharge
NCT01509807 (10) [back to overview]	Health Economic Benefit - Length of Stay
NCT01509807 (10) [back to overview]	Health Economic Benefits - Total Cost of Hospitalization
NCT01509807 (10) [back to overview]	Incidence of Opioid-related Adverse Events
NCT01509807 (10) [back to overview]	Make Unplanned VIsit(s) With Any Healthcare Providers
NCT01509807 (10) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction With Postsurgical Analgesia
NCT01509807 (10) [back to overview]	Readmission to Hospital Since Discharge
NCT01534416 (4) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain Score
NCT01534416 (4) [back to overview]	Postoperative Day Pain Medication Use
NCT01534416 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Hospital Admission for Postoperative Pain Control
NCT01534416 (4) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain Score
NCT01550302 (7) [back to overview]	Post-operative Opioid Consumption Expressed in Morphine Equivalents
NCT01550302 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Post-operative Side Effects Such as Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV), Pruritus, Sedation, Respiratory Depression and Hypotension
NCT01550302 (7) [back to overview]	Numeric Response Scale Pain Scores at Incision Site at Rest and During Coughing
NCT01550302 (7) [back to overview]	Numeric Response Scale Pain Scores Around Chest Tube Insertion Site at Rest and During Coughing
NCT01550302 (7) [back to overview]	Numeric Response Scale Pain Scores Around Ipsilateral Shoulder at Rest and During Movement
NCT01550302 (7) [back to overview]	Incidence of Post-thoracotomy/Scopy Ipsilateral Shoulder Pain
NCT01550302 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Requiring Post-operative Ibuprofen as a Rescue Medication
NCT01566838 (6) [back to overview]	Resumed Physical Activity
NCT01566838 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With and Without 30-Day Pain Medication Usage
NCT01566838 (6) [back to overview]	7-day Paresthesia
NCT01566838 (6) [back to overview]	30-day Incidence of Parasthesia
NCT01566838 (6) [back to overview]	Length of Stay
NCT01566838 (6) [back to overview]	Return to Work
NCT01582477 (6) [back to overview]	Total Postsurgical Oxycodone/Acetaminophen Consumption From Hospital Discharge Through Hour 96.
NCT01582477 (6) [back to overview]	Subject Reported Postsurgical Pain
NCT01582477 (6) [back to overview]	Physician/Healthcare Professional Assessed Postsurgical Pain
NCT01582477 (6) [back to overview]	Overall Rating of Subject Satisfaction With Postsurgical Pain Control
NCT01582477 (6) [back to overview]	The Duration of Abdominal Analgesia From Infiltration Into the TAP
NCT01582477 (6) [back to overview]	Incidence of Prespecified Opioid-related Adverse Events
NCT01582490 (8) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity Assessment at the Time of Hospital Discharge
NCT01582490 (8) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity Assessment Upon Waking in the PACU
NCT01582490 (8) [back to overview]	Incidence of Opioid-Related Adverse Events
NCT01582490 (8) [back to overview]	Overall Rating of Subject Satisfaction With Postsurgical Pain Control at Day 10
NCT01582490 (8) [back to overview]	Total Postsurgical Opioid Consumption in the Surgical Center
NCT01582490 (8) [back to overview]	Duration of Analgesia
NCT01582490 (8) [back to overview]	Overall Rating of Subject Satisfaction With Postsurgical Pain Control at Hospital Discharge
NCT01582490 (8) [back to overview]	Time to Hospital Discharge Being Written
NCT01583166 (4) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Scale for Pain: Pre-operative.
NCT01583166 (4) [back to overview]	Post-operative Pain Scores at 2-3 Hours Post op
NCT01583166 (4) [back to overview]	Post-operative Pain Scale at 6-7 Hours Post op
NCT01583166 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects Who Passed the Voiding Trial After a Midurethral Sling
NCT01586806 (5) [back to overview]	Patient-perceived Duration of Analgesia
NCT01586806 (5) [back to overview]	Opioid-Related Side Effects (Drowsiness)
NCT01586806 (5) [back to overview]	Postoperative Morphine Consumption
NCT01586806 (5) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction
NCT01586806 (5) [back to overview]	NRS (Numerical Rating Scale) Pain Scores
NCT01615939 (3) [back to overview]	Pain Control
NCT01615939 (3) [back to overview]	Participant Satisfaction With Anesthesia
NCT01615939 (3) [back to overview]	Temporary Neurologic Symptoms Between Groups
NCT01621230 (3) [back to overview]	The Duration of the Second Stage of Labor
NCT01621230 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Whose Newborns Received an APGAR Score of <=3 at 1 Min
NCT01621230 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Whose Newborns Received an APGAR Score of <=3 at 5 Min
NCT01632709 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Perceived Anxiety (PASS)
NCT01632709 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Pain
NCT01632709 (5) [back to overview]	Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
NCT01632709 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Perceived Disability (PDI)
NCT01632709 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Depression (CES-D 10)
NCT01638052 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Requiring Use of Rescue Analgesic Medication in the Initial 24 Hours Postoperatively
NCT01638052 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Nausea/Vomiting
NCT01638052 (3) [back to overview]	Average Observer-Rated Patient Pain Scores
NCT01683071 (3) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Numeric Rating Scale at Rest (NRS-R) Pain Intensity Scores Through 72 Hours
NCT01683071 (3) [back to overview]	Time to First Opioid Rescue Through 72 Hours
NCT01683071 (3) [back to overview]	Total Postsurgical Opioid Consumption Through 72 Hours
NCT01688596 (7) [back to overview]	Estimated Blood Loss > 200 mL
NCT01688596 (7) [back to overview]	Length of Hospital Stay >= 24 Hours
NCT01688596 (7) [back to overview]	Operating Time
NCT01688596 (7) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain Score
NCT01688596 (7) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain Score
NCT01688596 (7) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain Score Evaluated by Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)
NCT01688596 (7) [back to overview]	Surgical Complications
NCT01690663 (2) [back to overview]	Primary Outcome Variable is Post Operative Sensory Block Duration
NCT01690663 (2) [back to overview]	The Secondary Outcome Variable is Post Operative Motor Block Duration
NCT01701115 (4) [back to overview]	Patient Readiness to Discharge
NCT01701115 (4) [back to overview]	Side Effects
NCT01701115 (4) [back to overview]	Duration of Analgesia
NCT01701115 (4) [back to overview]	Handgrip Strength
NCT01701414 (1) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Reporting at Least One NRS Rating
NCT01709708 (9) [back to overview]	Acute Medications Usage
NCT01709708 (9) [back to overview]	Adverse Events
NCT01709708 (9) [back to overview]	Change in Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)
NCT01709708 (9) [back to overview]	Headache Impact Test (HIT-6)
NCT01709708 (9) [back to overview]	Modified Pain Characteristic Questionnaire
NCT01709708 (9) [back to overview]	Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)
NCT01709708 (9) [back to overview]	Overall Satisfaction
NCT01709708 (9) [back to overview]	Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC)
NCT01709708 (9) [back to overview]	Migraine Headache Days
NCT01731782 (4) [back to overview]	Percent of Analgesics Used as Measured by Patient Report
NCT01731782 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Nausea/Vomiting Episodes
NCT01731782 (4) [back to overview]	Length of Hospital Stay
NCT01731782 (4) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain as Measured by Pain Score
NCT01785459 (2) [back to overview]	Length of Stay
NCT01785459 (2) [back to overview]	Incidence of Immediate and Post-discharge Complications.
NCT01801124 (2) [back to overview]	Overall Postsurgical Analgesic Use
NCT01801124 (2) [back to overview]	Postsurgical AEs and SAEs Through Day 30.
NCT01812044 (8) [back to overview]	Negative Postoperative Behavior Score on the PHBQ (Post Hospitalization Behavioral Questionnaire)
NCT01812044 (8) [back to overview]	Total Narcotic Use During Post-operative Recovery
NCT01812044 (8) [back to overview]	Average Pain Score Over the First 30 Post-operative Minutes Using the CHEOPS Scale
NCT01812044 (8) [back to overview]	Average Time to Discharge
NCT01812044 (8) [back to overview]	Peak Pain Score
NCT01812044 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Required Anti-emetic Medication Post-operatively
NCT01812044 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting
NCT01812044 (8) [back to overview]	Peak Pain Score During First 30 Minutes
NCT01826851 (7) [back to overview]	Median Pain Levels
NCT01826851 (7) [back to overview]	Median Cumulative Morphine Equivalent
NCT01826851 (7) [back to overview]	Time to Return to Work or Daily Activities
NCT01826851 (7) [back to overview]	Time to First Bowel Movement (Days)
NCT01826851 (7) [back to overview]	Time to Extubation (Hours)
NCT01826851 (7) [back to overview]	ICU Length of Stay (Hours)
NCT01826851 (7) [back to overview]	Hospital Length of Stay (Days)
NCT01829399 (2) [back to overview]	Pain Score at Time of Tq Deflation
NCT01829399 (2) [back to overview]	Time in Minutes That Tq Remained Inflated
NCT01861665 (1) [back to overview]	Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale
NCT01868425 (12) [back to overview]	Intraoperative Medication Use: Fentanyl
NCT01868425 (12) [back to overview]	Post-Operative Incidence of Nausea
NCT01868425 (12) [back to overview]	Post-Operative Pruritis Score
NCT01868425 (12) [back to overview]	Sedation Scale
NCT01868425 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Complications From the Procedure
NCT01868425 (12) [back to overview]	Time to Discharge
NCT01868425 (12) [back to overview]	Post-Operative Nausea Scores
NCT01868425 (12) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption in the Immediate Postoperative Period
NCT01868425 (12) [back to overview]	Incidence of Post-Operative Pruritus
NCT01868425 (12) [back to overview]	Intraoperative Medication Use: Ketorolac and Lidocaine
NCT01868425 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Received Medication for Nausea
NCT01868425 (12) [back to overview]	Pain Scores During Recovery
NCT01907191 (4) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption (Mean Number of 5mg Oxycontin Tablets Consumed)
NCT01907191 (4) [back to overview]	Pain Scores
NCT01907191 (4) [back to overview]	Satisfaction With Pain Management
NCT01907191 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Reporting Sleep Disturbance
NCT01919190 (2) [back to overview]	Overall Benefit of Analgesic Score (OBAS) at Day 3
NCT01919190 (2) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Consumption Post Surgery (Cumulative Total) Until Discharge Readiness or Post Surgery Day 4
NCT01919606 (1) [back to overview]	Incidence of Adverse Events
NCT01939314 (3) [back to overview]	Categorical Pain Relief
NCT01939314 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Reported a 50% or Greater Reduction in Pain at 15 Minutes as Measured on the 100mm Visual Analog Scale
NCT01939314 (3) [back to overview]	Headache Free at 24 Hours
NCT01977352 (6) [back to overview]	Quality of Analgesia
NCT01977352 (6) [back to overview]	Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
NCT01977352 (6) [back to overview]	Sensory and Motor Block
NCT01977352 (6) [back to overview]	Sleep Quality
NCT01977352 (6) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Consumption
NCT01977352 (6) [back to overview]	Time to First Pain Medicine
NCT01991743 (5) [back to overview]	Success Rate of External Cephalic Version
NCT01991743 (5) [back to overview]	Mode of Delivery
NCT01991743 (5) [back to overview]	Indication of Cesarean Delivery
NCT01991743 (5) [back to overview]	Pain Score During the Procedure
NCT01991743 (5) [back to overview]	Abdominal Relaxation
NCT01995045 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Acetaminophen Intake
NCT01995045 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Oxycodone Intake
NCT01995045 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Pain Score
NCT01995045 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Hydrocodone Intake
NCT02000973 (4) [back to overview]	Propofol Effect-site Concentration
NCT02000973 (4) [back to overview]	Bispectral Index Score
NCT02000973 (4) [back to overview]	Heart Rate
NCT02000973 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Arterial Pressure
NCT02007096 (4) [back to overview]	Pain Score
NCT02007096 (4) [back to overview]	Pain Score
NCT02007096 (4) [back to overview]	Post-operative Opioid Use
NCT02007096 (4) [back to overview]	Operating Procedure Time
NCT02008617 (4) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption
NCT02008617 (4) [back to overview]	Quality of Recovery (QoR15)
NCT02008617 (4) [back to overview]	Pain Score
NCT02008617 (4) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction
NCT02011464 (3) [back to overview]	Side Effects of Analgesia
NCT02011464 (3) [back to overview]	Post-operative Narcotic Use
NCT02011464 (3) [back to overview]	Subjective Pain
NCT02037061 (3) [back to overview]	Postoperative Gluteal Pain
NCT02037061 (3) [back to overview]	Need for Intervention for Postoperative Pain
NCT02037061 (3) [back to overview]	Overall Pain Beyond Day of Discharge
NCT02046772 (5) [back to overview]	Time of Hospitalization
NCT02046772 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Adverse Events
NCT02046772 (5) [back to overview]	Measurement of Time to Start the Anaesthetic Effect
NCT02046772 (5) [back to overview]	Measurement of the Analgesic Effect After Surgery by VAS From 0 to 10, Where 0 is no Pain and 10 is the Worst Pain Imaginable.
NCT02046772 (5) [back to overview]	Greater and Earlier Mobilization Measured by Bromage Scale.
NCT02052557 (4) [back to overview]	Toradol Use
NCT02052557 (4) [back to overview]	Home Oral Narcotic Use
NCT02052557 (4) [back to overview]	Length of Stay
NCT02052557 (4) [back to overview]	Readmission
NCT02055053 (3) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Scale Pain Score Assessment (VAS)
NCT02055053 (3) [back to overview]	Amount of Pain Medication Used in Oral Morphine Equivalents
NCT02055053 (3) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Scale Pain Score Assessment (VAS)
NCT02058290 (5) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction With Pain Treatment After Surgery
NCT02058290 (5) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Burden
NCT02058290 (5) [back to overview]	Health Economic Benefits - Total Cost of Hospitalization
NCT02058290 (5) [back to overview]	Incidence of Opioid-related Adverse Events
NCT02058290 (5) [back to overview]	Health Economic Benefits - Length of Stay (LOS)
NCT02059070 (4) [back to overview]	Forced Expiratory Volume at 1 Second (% Change From Baseline)
NCT02059070 (4) [back to overview]	Highest Patient Pain Level
NCT02059070 (4) [back to overview]	Post-operative Oxycodone Use (mg)
NCT02059070 (4) [back to overview]	Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Diaphragmatic Excursion- Operative Side Sigh Test
NCT02074709 (1) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain Score on Coughing at 6 hr
NCT02100579 (3) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption (mg morEq)
NCT02100579 (3) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Scale Pain Score
NCT02100579 (3) [back to overview]	Length of Hospitalization
NCT02104414 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Pain During Bowel Movements
NCT02104414 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Oxycodone Tablets Taken
NCT02104414 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Urinary Retention
NCT02104414 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
NCT02104414 (6) [back to overview]	Post Operative Pain Control
NCT02104414 (6) [back to overview]	Postoperative Opioid Consumption - Hydromorphone I.V
NCT02111746 (9) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain as Assessed by the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)
NCT02111746 (9) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain as Assessed by a Five-point Satisfaction Scale
NCT02111746 (9) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain as Assessed by a Five-point Satisfaction Scale
NCT02111746 (9) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain as Assessed by a Five-point Satisfaction Scale
NCT02111746 (9) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain as Assessed by a Numeric Pain Scale (NPS)
NCT02111746 (9) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain as Assessed by a Numeric Pain Scale (NPS)
NCT02111746 (9) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain as Assessed by a Numeric Pain Scale (NPS)
NCT02111746 (9) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain as Assessed by the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)
NCT02111746 (9) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain as Assessed by the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)
NCT02121392 (9) [back to overview]	Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)
NCT02121392 (9) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Score for Pain
NCT02121392 (9) [back to overview]	Range of Motion at 3 and 6 Week Follow up
NCT02121392 (9) [back to overview]	Range of Motion
NCT02121392 (9) [back to overview]	Physical Therapy Ambulation Distance
NCT02121392 (9) [back to overview]	Morphine Equivalents
NCT02121392 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Bleeding Complications at Adductor Canal Nerve Block Catheter Site
NCT02121392 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Hospital Days Until Discharge Criteria Are Met
NCT02121392 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Adverse Events Related to Adductor Canal Nerve Block Catheter
NCT02155010 (2) [back to overview]	Patient's Anxiety
NCT02155010 (2) [back to overview]	Incidence of Hypotension
NCT02159807 (3) [back to overview]	Fetal Heart Rate at 1 Hour
NCT02159807 (3) [back to overview]	Mean Change in Visual Analog Scale for Pain
NCT02159807 (3) [back to overview]	Maternal Blood Pressure
NCT02161484 (4) [back to overview]	Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Assessment
NCT02161484 (4) [back to overview]	Incidence of Complications (e.g. Frequency of Foot-drop).
NCT02161484 (4) [back to overview]	Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Assessment
NCT02161484 (4) [back to overview]	Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Assessment
NCT02178553 (4) [back to overview]	Pain Scores at Rest on the Second Postoperative Day
NCT02178553 (4) [back to overview]	Pain Scores With Cough on First Postoperative Day
NCT02178553 (4) [back to overview]	Pain Scores With Cough on the Second Postoperative Day
NCT02178553 (4) [back to overview]	Pain Scores at Rest in the Morning on the First Postoperative Day
NCT02179892 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Time of First Opioid Use
NCT02179892 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Opioid Consumption
NCT02179892 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Pain Score With Movement
NCT02179892 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Pain Score at Rest
NCT02189317 (3) [back to overview]	Change in Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Score
NCT02189317 (3) [back to overview]	Change in Home Opioid Use
NCT02189317 (3) [back to overview]	Difference in Time to First Opioid Use
NCT02197273 (3) [back to overview]	Time to Post-operative Rescue Opioids (Hours)
NCT02197273 (3) [back to overview]	Readmission or Emergency Department (ED) Visit Due to Pain Control Within 30 Days
NCT02197273 (3) [back to overview]	Length of Stay in Hospital (Days)
NCT02199574 (6) [back to overview]	The Apparent Terminal Elimination Rate Constant (λz)
NCT02199574 (6) [back to overview]	Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
NCT02199574 (6) [back to overview]	Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC(0-infinity))
NCT02199574 (6) [back to overview]	Apparent Terminal Elimination Half-life
NCT02199574 (6) [back to overview]	Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax)
NCT02199574 (6) [back to overview]	Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC(0-t))
NCT02205801 (4) [back to overview]	Post Operative Pain
NCT02205801 (4) [back to overview]	Intraoperative Fentanyl Administration
NCT02205801 (4) [back to overview]	Total Pain Medication Utilization
NCT02205801 (4) [back to overview]	Post Operative Nausea Score
NCT02210247 (5) [back to overview]	Time to Maximum Concentration (Tmax)
NCT02210247 (5) [back to overview]	Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
NCT02210247 (5) [back to overview]	Apparent Terminal Elimination Half-life
NCT02210247 (5) [back to overview]	Area Under the Plasma Concentration Time Curve From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration [AUC(0-last)]
NCT02210247 (5) [back to overview]	The Apparent Terminal Elimination Rate Constant (λz)
NCT02219087 (7) [back to overview]	Number Physical Therapy Sessions Necessary for Discharge
NCT02219087 (7) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption in Oral Morphine Equivalents (OMEs, in Milligrams)
NCT02219087 (7) [back to overview]	Mean Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Pain Scores During Hospital Stay
NCT02219087 (7) [back to overview]	Total Cost of Care (Dollars)
NCT02219087 (7) [back to overview]	Length of Stay (LOS, in Days)
NCT02219087 (7) [back to overview]	Hospital Readmission Not Including Admissions Planned Procedures
NCT02219087 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Opioid-related Adverse Events (ORAEs) During Hospital Stay
NCT02222129 (1) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Consumption Measured in Intravenous Morphine Equivalents During the Postoperative Hospital Stay
NCT02223364 (15) [back to overview]	Hospital Length of Stay
NCT02223364 (15) [back to overview]	Average Pain POD 1 (24 Hours)
NCT02223364 (15) [back to overview]	Average Pain POD 2 (24 Hours)
NCT02223364 (15) [back to overview]	Average Pain Post-Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU)
NCT02223364 (15) [back to overview]	Intraoperative Opioid Use
NCT02223364 (15) [back to overview]	Maximum Pain POD 1 (24 Hours)
NCT02223364 (15) [back to overview]	Maximum Pain POD 2 (24 Hours)
NCT02223364 (15) [back to overview]	Maximum Pain Post-Operative Day (POD) 1 (Morning)
NCT02223364 (15) [back to overview]	Maximum Pain Post-PACU
NCT02223364 (15) [back to overview]	PACU Opioid Use
NCT02223364 (15) [back to overview]	POD 0 Post-PACU Opioid Use
NCT02223364 (15) [back to overview]	POD 2 Opioid Use
NCT02223364 (15) [back to overview]	Preoperative Daily Opioid Use
NCT02223364 (15) [back to overview]	Balance Testing on Operative Leg Using Unipedal Stance Time
NCT02223364 (15) [back to overview]	POD 1 Opioid Use
NCT02232178 (4) [back to overview]	Tmax
NCT02232178 (4) [back to overview]	Cmax
NCT02232178 (4) [back to overview]	t1/2 (Hour)
NCT02232178 (4) [back to overview]	AUC0-last
NCT02242201 (9) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Consumption During Hospitalization
NCT02242201 (9) [back to overview]	Post-Operative Pain Score
NCT02242201 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Reporting Complications Since Surgery
NCT02242201 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Reporting a NRS Pain Score Greater Than 3
NCT02242201 (9) [back to overview]	Change in Unipedal Stance Time
NCT02242201 (9) [back to overview]	Maximum Postoperative Pain Score
NCT02242201 (9) [back to overview]	Hospital Length of Stay
NCT02242201 (9) [back to overview]	Change in Short Form-36 (SF-36) Quality of Life Mental Component
NCT02242201 (9) [back to overview]	Change in Short Form-36 (SF-36) Quality of Life Physical Component
NCT02255500 (6) [back to overview]	The Apparent Terminal Elimination Half-life (t1/2el)
NCT02255500 (6) [back to overview]	Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
NCT02255500 (6) [back to overview]	Time to Peak Plasma Concentration (Tmax)
NCT02255500 (6) [back to overview]	Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration After Drug Administration (AUC0-last)
NCT02255500 (6) [back to overview]	Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time 0 Extrapolated to Infinity After Drug Administration (AUC0-∞)
NCT02255500 (6) [back to overview]	The Apparent Terminal Elimination Rate Constant (λz)
NCT02274870 (10) [back to overview]	Mean Plasma Bupivacaine Level
NCT02274870 (10) [back to overview]	Mean Plasma Bupivacaine Level
NCT02274870 (10) [back to overview]	Mean Plasma Bupivacaine Level
NCT02274870 (10) [back to overview]	Mean Plasma Bupivacaine Levels
NCT02274870 (10) [back to overview]	Mean Plasma Bupivacaine Level
NCT02274870 (10) [back to overview]	Mean Plasma Bupivacaine Level
NCT02274870 (10) [back to overview]	Mean Plasma Bupivicaine Level
NCT02274870 (10) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption
NCT02274870 (10) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity at Movement
NCT02274870 (10) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity at Rest
NCT02276040 (1) [back to overview]	Change in Blood Serum Levels of Bupivocaine From Baseline
NCT02284386 (6) [back to overview]	Time to Peak Plasma Concentration (Tmax)
NCT02284386 (6) [back to overview]	Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time 0 Extrapolated to Infinity After Drug Administration (AUC0-∞)
NCT02284386 (6) [back to overview]	Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time 0 to the Last Collection Time After Drug Administration (AUC0-last)
NCT02284386 (6) [back to overview]	The Apparent Terminal Elimination Rate Constant (λz)
NCT02284386 (6) [back to overview]	Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
NCT02284386 (6) [back to overview]	The Apparent Terminal Elimination Half-life (t1/2el)
NCT02287623 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Post Operative Nausea/Vomiting
NCT02287623 (6) [back to overview]	Postoperative Opioid Use
NCT02287623 (6) [back to overview]	Post Operative Opioid Use
NCT02287623 (6) [back to overview]	Post Operative Opioid Use
NCT02287623 (6) [back to overview]	Numerical Rating Scale
NCT02287623 (6) [back to overview]	Post Operative Length of Stay
NCT02289079 (4) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction as Assessed Via Patient Survey
NCT02289079 (4) [back to overview]	Numerical Rating Scale
NCT02289079 (4) [back to overview]	Post Operative Opioid Use
NCT02289079 (4) [back to overview]	Post Operative Length of Stay
NCT02292082 (11) [back to overview]	Knee Society Score (KSS) at 6 Weeks Postoperatively
NCT02292082 (11) [back to overview]	Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Scores With Ambulation Postoperative Day 1
NCT02292082 (11) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption POD2
NCT02292082 (11) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption Postoperative Day (POD) 1
NCT02292082 (11) [back to overview]	NRS Pain Score With Movement POD2
NCT02292082 (11) [back to overview]	Patient Outcome Questionnaire (painOUT) Least Pain for 0-24 Hours Postoperatively
NCT02292082 (11) [back to overview]	Patient Outcome Questionnaire (painOUT) Least Pain for 24-48 Hours Postoperatively
NCT02292082 (11) [back to overview]	Patient Outcome Questionnaire (painOUT) Most Pain for 0-24 Hours Postoperatively
NCT02292082 (11) [back to overview]	Patient Outcome Questionnaire (painOUT) Most Pain for 24-48 Hours Postoperatively
NCT02292082 (11) [back to overview]	Hospital Length of Stay
NCT02292082 (11) [back to overview]	Time to Meet Physical Therapy Discharge Criteria
NCT02296099 (10) [back to overview]	Pain at Bedtime (Average Pain)
NCT02296099 (10) [back to overview]	Pain at Bedtime (Current Level of Pain)
NCT02296099 (10) [back to overview]	Pain at Bedtime (Most Intense Pain)
NCT02296099 (10) [back to overview]	Pain in the Morning
NCT02296099 (10) [back to overview]	Pain Upon Discharge From Post-anesthesia Care Unit (PACU)
NCT02296099 (10) [back to overview]	Total Narcotic Consumption
NCT02296099 (10) [back to overview]	Pain Upon Discharge From Same Day Surgery
NCT02296099 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Reporting 'Very Satisfied' at the 1 Week Postoperative Visit
NCT02296099 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Reporting 'Very Satisfied' at the 2 Week Postoperative Visit
NCT02296099 (10) [back to overview]	Pain at Four Hours After Discharge Home
NCT02299349 (2) [back to overview]	Pain Scores (Visual Analog Pain Scores)
NCT02299349 (2) [back to overview]	MS04 Equivalent Consumption
NCT02349542 (2) [back to overview]	Plasma Bupivacaine Levels
NCT02349542 (2) [back to overview]	Adverse Events
NCT02352922 (15) [back to overview]	NRS Pain Score at 8 Hours
NCT02352922 (15) [back to overview]	NRS Pain Score at 4 Hours
NCT02352922 (15) [back to overview]	NRS Pain Score at 2 Hours
NCT02352922 (15) [back to overview]	NRS Pain Score at 16 Hours
NCT02352922 (15) [back to overview]	Quality of Life as Measured by the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)
NCT02352922 (15) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT02352922 (15) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Use Prior to Hospital Discharge
NCT02352922 (15) [back to overview]	NRS Pain Score Post-op Day 2
NCT02352922 (15) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Use End of Post-op Day 3
NCT02352922 (15) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Use at Post-op Day 14
NCT02352922 (15) [back to overview]	Quality of Life as Measured by the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)
NCT02352922 (15) [back to overview]	Quality of Life as Measured by the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)
NCT02352922 (15) [back to overview]	Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Post-operative Pain Score on Post-Operative Day 1 (POD1).
NCT02352922 (15) [back to overview]	NRS Pain Score Post-op Day 3
NCT02352922 (15) [back to overview]	NRS Pain Score Post-op Day 14
NCT02353754 (3) [back to overview]	Total Postsurgical Narcotic Consumption in Morphine Equivalents
NCT02353754 (3) [back to overview]	Total Postsurgical Narcotic Consumption in Morphine Equivalents
NCT02353754 (3) [back to overview]	Total Postsurgical Narcotic Consumption in Morphine Equivalents
NCT02356198 (5) [back to overview]	Total Morphine Milligram Equivalents Use (MME)
NCT02356198 (5) [back to overview]	Mean Pain Score
NCT02356198 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Post-operative Ileus
NCT02356198 (5) [back to overview]	Total Length of Hospital Stay
NCT02356198 (5) [back to overview]	Use of Intravenous Patient-controlled Analgesia
NCT02420951 (2) [back to overview]	Pain Med Consumption Assessed Using Questionnaire/Hospital Records
NCT02420951 (2) [back to overview]	Pain Assessed Using the VAS 0-10 Pain Scale
NCT02444533 (5) [back to overview]	Pain Score (Pain Scores on a 0/10 Scale)
NCT02444533 (5) [back to overview]	Pain Medication Usage (Milligrams Used)
NCT02444533 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects With Post-tonsillectomy Bleeding
NCT02444533 (5) [back to overview]	Oral Intake (Patient Recorded Oral Intake)
NCT02444533 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects Experiencing Complications ( Allergic Reaction, Swallowing Dysfunction, Hospital Admission Related to the Study Drug)
NCT02449915 (1) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Scales (VAS) for Pain at 18 Hours Postoperatively
NCT02453321 (3) [back to overview]	Time to Achieve Physical Therapy Discharge Criteria as Measured by 75-feet Walk Test. {Number of Hours After Conclusion of Surgery}
NCT02453321 (3) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain, Average Reported Score 11-point Scale
NCT02453321 (3) [back to overview]	Average Length of Stay (to be Reported in Hours After Surgery)
NCT02453360 (5) [back to overview]	Pain With Activity at 24 Hours
NCT02453360 (5) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption
NCT02453360 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Nausea at 24 Hours
NCT02453360 (5) [back to overview]	10 Meter Walk Test
NCT02453360 (5) [back to overview]	Percentage Change in Knee Extension Strength From Baseline
NCT02462148 (6) [back to overview]	Verbal Pain Scores
NCT02462148 (6) [back to overview]	Time to First Opioid Analgesic Request
NCT02462148 (6) [back to overview]	Neurologic Complications
NCT02462148 (6) [back to overview]	Rate of Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting
NCT02462148 (6) [back to overview]	Post Operative Opioid Use and Consumption
NCT02462148 (6) [back to overview]	Duration of Sensory Nerve Block
NCT02464176 (4) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Consumption
NCT02464176 (4) [back to overview]	Verbal Numeric Pain Score Comparisons
NCT02464176 (4) [back to overview]	Duration of Sensory Blockade
NCT02464176 (4) [back to overview]	Time to First Analgesic Request
NCT02469610 (2) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Pain Scale
NCT02469610 (2) [back to overview]	Analgesic Use
NCT02472314 (5) [back to overview]	Post Operative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES)
NCT02472314 (5) [back to overview]	Post Operative Opioid Consumption
NCT02472314 (5) [back to overview]	Incidence of Nerve Injury
NCT02472314 (5) [back to overview]	Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV)
NCT02472314 (5) [back to overview]	Quality of Analgesia
NCT02478372 (9) [back to overview]	Verbal Rating Score (VRS) Pain Scores
NCT02478372 (9) [back to overview]	Maximal Flexion Angle of the Operative Knee at Discharge From Rehabilitation
NCT02478372 (9) [back to overview]	Average Post-operative Length of Stay
NCT02478372 (9) [back to overview]	Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting Scores
NCT02478372 (9) [back to overview]	Post-operative Urinary Catheterisation Rates
NCT02478372 (9) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients Discharged From Rehabilitation by Day Four
NCT02478372 (9) [back to overview]	Day of Ambulation
NCT02478372 (9) [back to overview]	Patient Reported Outcome Measure - Oxford Knee Score
NCT02478372 (9) [back to overview]	Total Number of Reported Participants With Complications and/or Adverse Events
NCT02480621 (1) [back to overview]	Pain Levels on a Visual Analog Scale ( VAS)
NCT02497040 (1) [back to overview]	Change in Mean Arterial Pressure
NCT02499159 (9) [back to overview]	Return to Baseline Activity
NCT02499159 (9) [back to overview]	Return to Work
NCT02499159 (9) [back to overview]	Scores on a Analog Pain Scale (7 Days)
NCT02499159 (9) [back to overview]	Scores on an Analog Pain Scale (30 Days)
NCT02499159 (9) [back to overview]	Hospital Length of Stay
NCT02499159 (9) [back to overview]	Days Until Return to Work
NCT02499159 (9) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Paresthesias (Postoperatively at 30 Days)
NCT02499159 (9) [back to overview]	Overall Amounts of Pain Medications Consumed Through Post-operative Day 7
NCT02499159 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Paresthesias (Postoperatively at 7 Days)
NCT02499575 (3) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Use as Measured by Questionnaire
NCT02499575 (3) [back to overview]	Opioid Use as Measured by Questionnaire
NCT02499575 (3) [back to overview]	Pain Relief Measured by Defense and Veterans Pain Scale
NCT02501135 (7) [back to overview]	Total mg of Local Anesthetic Injected for Femoral Nerve Block
NCT02501135 (7) [back to overview]	Time to Discharge From PACU
NCT02501135 (7) [back to overview]	Concentration of Local Anesthetic Injected for Femoral Nerve Block
NCT02501135 (7) [back to overview]	Post-operative Opioids Administered
NCT02501135 (7) [back to overview]	Intraoperative Tylenol Administered
NCT02501135 (7) [back to overview]	Post-operative Pain Scale Using FLACC
NCT02501135 (7) [back to overview]	Post-operative Pain Scale Using VAS
NCT02504580 (1) [back to overview]	Mean Summed Pain Intensity (SPI) Score.
NCT02506660 (7) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption
NCT02506660 (7) [back to overview]	Side Effects
NCT02506660 (7) [back to overview]	Numerical Rating Scale Pain Scores
NCT02506660 (7) [back to overview]	Block Satisfaction
NCT02506660 (7) [back to overview]	% of Participants Who Guessed the Correct Group
NCT02506660 (7) [back to overview]	Block-related Complications
NCT02506660 (7) [back to overview]	Nerve Block Duration
NCT02512861 (7) [back to overview]	Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) Fentanyl/Equivalent Day 0-1
NCT02512861 (7) [back to overview]	Total Fentanyl/Equivalent Day 0-1
NCT02512861 (7) [back to overview]	Postoperative Cortisol Levels
NCT02512861 (7) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain Scores-State Behavioral Scale (SBS)
NCT02512861 (7) [back to overview]	Postoperative Length of Intubation
NCT02512861 (7) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain Scores-Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) Scale
NCT02512861 (7) [back to overview]	Postoperative Cortisol Levels
NCT02513329 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Number of Hot Flashes From Baseline to 6 Months After Intervention. [Time Frame: 6 Months After Intervention]
NCT02513329 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Number of Night Sweats From Baseline to 6 Months After Intervention.
NCT02513329 (5) [back to overview]	Changes From Baseline of Pittsburg Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI)
NCT02513329 (5) [back to overview]	Survey Score Changes From Baseline to 6 Months After Intervention Using the Epidemiological Studies-Depression(CES-D) Survey.
NCT02513329 (5) [back to overview]	Intensity of Subjective Hot Flashes (HF) at Baseline and 6 Months
NCT02517905 (6) [back to overview]	Percentage of Opioid-free Subjects Through 72 Hours.
NCT02517905 (6) [back to overview]	Percentage of Opioid-free Subjects Through 48 Hours.
NCT02517905 (6) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Intensity Scores Through 72 Hours
NCT02517905 (6) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Intensity Scores Through 24 Hours
NCT02517905 (6) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Intensity Scores Through 48 Hours
NCT02517905 (6) [back to overview]	Percentage of Opioid-free Subjects Through 24 Hours.
NCT02519023 (14) [back to overview]	Overall Benefit of Analgesia Score (OBAS)
NCT02519023 (14) [back to overview]	Opioid Used From 24-48 Hours Post Surgery
NCT02519023 (14) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Admitted Post Operatively
NCT02519023 (14) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Nausea and Vomiting
NCT02519023 (14) [back to overview]	Maximum Pain Scores as Measured by Numerical Pain Rating Scale (0-10)
NCT02519023 (14) [back to overview]	Maximal Pain Score of Patient From Time 0-24 Hours After Surgery
NCT02519023 (14) [back to overview]	Maximal Pain Score for Patient From Time 24-48 Hours After Surgery
NCT02519023 (14) [back to overview]	Length of Time in Phase 1 and Phase 2 of Recovery
NCT02519023 (14) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction With Pain Management
NCT02519023 (14) [back to overview]	Maximal Pain Score Patient Felt From 48-72 Hours After Surgery
NCT02519023 (14) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Use for Pain Control
NCT02519023 (14) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Taken by Patient as Tabulated and Converted to Morphine Equivalents
NCT02519023 (14) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Taken by Patient as Tabulated and Converted to Morphine Equivalents
NCT02519023 (14) [back to overview]	Quality of Recovery 15 (QoR15) Score
NCT02523599 (6) [back to overview]	SPI48
NCT02523599 (6) [back to overview]	SPI24
NCT02523599 (6) [back to overview]	SPI72
NCT02523599 (6) [back to overview]	TOpA72
NCT02523599 (6) [back to overview]	TOpA24
NCT02523599 (6) [back to overview]	TOpA48
NCT02525133 (6) [back to overview]	TOpA72
NCT02525133 (6) [back to overview]	TOpA48
NCT02525133 (6) [back to overview]	TOpA24
NCT02525133 (6) [back to overview]	SPI72
NCT02525133 (6) [back to overview]	SPI48
NCT02525133 (6) [back to overview]	SPI24
NCT02525718 (4) [back to overview]	Pain Score Using 10-point Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
NCT02525718 (4) [back to overview]	Quality of Recovery Score
NCT02525718 (4) [back to overview]	Length of Hospital Stay
NCT02525718 (4) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption
NCT02538679 (1) [back to overview]	Morphine Requirement
NCT02543801 (3) [back to overview]	Pain Score
NCT02543801 (3) [back to overview]	Narcotic Consumption
NCT02543801 (3) [back to overview]	Length of Stay
NCT02570022 (2) [back to overview]	Pain Levels
NCT02570022 (2) [back to overview]	Morphine Equivalents
NCT02573597 (8) [back to overview]	Minimum Local Analgesic Concentration (MLAC) of the Final Participants in Each Respective Group at Study Completion
NCT02573597 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Requiring Treatment for Pruritus, Nausea and Vomiting, or Hypotension
NCT02573597 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Maternal Nausea/Vomiting
NCT02573597 (8) [back to overview]	Numerical Verbal Pain Scores
NCT02573597 (8) [back to overview]	Time to First Clinician Rescue Analgesia Request (From Initial Epidural Dose)
NCT02573597 (8) [back to overview]	Labor Outcome (Spontaneous, Assisted, Cesarean)
NCT02573597 (8) [back to overview]	Protocol Success or Failure
NCT02573597 (8) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction With Labor Analgesia
NCT02574520 (7) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity Using the NPRS-11 With Movement
NCT02574520 (7) [back to overview]	Time to First Opioid Rescue Medication Use After Discharge From the PACU
NCT02574520 (7) [back to overview]	Total IV Morphine-equivalent Dose of Rescue Opioids
NCT02574520 (7) [back to overview]	Time to PACU Discharge Eligibility as Assessed by Modified Post-Anesthesia Discharge Scoring System (mPADSS)
NCT02574520 (7) [back to overview]	Subjects Not Taking Rescue Medication From PACU Discharge to 72 Hours
NCT02574520 (7) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity on Movement From 0-48 Hours Post-Treatment
NCT02574520 (7) [back to overview]	Composite Endpoint of Silverman's Integrated Analgesic (SIA) Assessment Score
NCT02584452 (4) [back to overview]	Total Postop Opioid Consumption of Patients Receiving (1) Preoperative Femoral Nerve Block Plus Postoperative Continuous Adductor Canal Nerve Catheter Compared to (2) Preoperative Femoral Nerve Block Plus Postoperative Saphenous Nerve Block.
NCT02584452 (4) [back to overview]	Subjective Postoperative Pain Score at Post Operative Week 6 of Preoperative Femoral Nerve Block Plus Postoperative Continuous Adductor Canal Nerve Catheter Compared to Preoperative Femoral Nerve Block Plus Postoperative Saphenous Nerve Block
NCT02584452 (4) [back to overview]	Quadriceps Strength on POD Week 6- Pts Receiving (1) Long-acting Single Bolus Adductor Canal Nerve Block Comparied to (2) Continuous Adductor Canal Nerve Catheter.
NCT02584452 (4) [back to overview]	Quadriceps Strength of on POD 1 of Preoperative Femoral Nerve Block Plus Postoperative Continuous Adductor Canal Nerve Catheter Compared to Preoperative Femoral Nerve Block Plus Postoperative Saphenous Nerve Block at 48 Hours After Discharge From PACU
NCT02601027 (6) [back to overview]	Time to First Bowel Movement
NCT02601027 (6) [back to overview]	Post-operative Pain Score
NCT02601027 (6) [back to overview]	Time to Ambulation
NCT02601027 (6) [back to overview]	Post-operative Narcotic Usage
NCT02601027 (6) [back to overview]	Quality of Life Measurement
NCT02601027 (6) [back to overview]	Post-operative Anti-emetic Usage
NCT02604589 (7) [back to overview]	Morbidity
NCT02604589 (7) [back to overview]	Mortality
NCT02604589 (7) [back to overview]	Narcotic Use
NCT02604589 (7) [back to overview]	Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) Length of Stay
NCT02604589 (7) [back to overview]	Time to Improvement in Pain Intensity
NCT02604589 (7) [back to overview]	Time to Improvement in Pulmonary Function
NCT02604589 (7) [back to overview]	Hospital Length of Stay
NCT02619409 (2) [back to overview]	Duration of Motor Block
NCT02619409 (2) [back to overview]	Duration of Sensory Block
NCT02652156 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Days Required for a Patient to Get Out of Bed
NCT02652156 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Days Required for a Patient to Walk Unassisted
NCT02652156 (7) [back to overview]	Patient Reported Pain by VAS Scale
NCT02652156 (7) [back to overview]	Patient Reported Pain by VAS Scale
NCT02652156 (7) [back to overview]	Patient Reported Pain by VAS Scale
NCT02652156 (7) [back to overview]	Postoperative Vomiting (Events)
NCT02652156 (7) [back to overview]	Total Dosage of Narcotic
NCT02654860 (14) [back to overview]	Phase 2: Morphine
NCT02654860 (14) [back to overview]	Phase 2: Number of Participants With Need for Supplemental Analgesia
NCT02654860 (14) [back to overview]	Phase 2: ECG
NCT02654860 (14) [back to overview]	Phase2: Concomitant Medications
NCT02654860 (14) [back to overview]	Phase 1: Number of Participants With Adverse Events Related, Not Related and Serious Events Related to Paracetamol
NCT02654860 (14) [back to overview]	Phase 2: Time to Sensory Block
NCT02654860 (14) [back to overview]	Phase 2: Time to Regression of Spinal Block
NCT02654860 (14) [back to overview]	Phase 2: Time to Readiness for Surgery
NCT02654860 (14) [back to overview]	Phase 2: Time to First Morphine Use
NCT02654860 (14) [back to overview]	Phase 2:Maximum Level of Sensory Block
NCT02654860 (14) [back to overview]	Phase 2: Vital Signs
NCT02654860 (14) [back to overview]	Phase 2: SpO2
NCT02654860 (14) [back to overview]	Phase 2: Pain Intensity
NCT02654860 (14) [back to overview]	Phase 2: Morphine-related Adverse Events
NCT02659501 (5) [back to overview]	The Effect of Liposomal Bupivacaine on Postoperative Diazepam Consumption
NCT02659501 (5) [back to overview]	The Effect of Liposomal Bupivacaine on Length of Hospital Stay
NCT02659501 (5) [back to overview]	The Effect of Liposomal Bupivacaine on Average Postoperative Pain Levels on Postoperative Day 1.
NCT02659501 (5) [back to overview]	The Effect of Liposomal Bupivacaine on Antiemetic Consumption
NCT02659501 (5) [back to overview]	The Effect of Liposomal Bupivacaine on Postoperative Opioid Consumption
NCT02660918 (9) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain Score
NCT02660918 (9) [back to overview]	Postoperative Opioid Administered Following the Procedure But Prior to Discharge.
NCT02660918 (9) [back to overview]	Occurrence of Intraoperative Complication
NCT02660918 (9) [back to overview]	Postoperative Complication
NCT02660918 (9) [back to overview]	Postoperative Anti-emetic
NCT02660918 (9) [back to overview]	Time Between Recovery Initiation and Discharge
NCT02660918 (9) [back to overview]	Intraoperative Total Blood Loss
NCT02660918 (9) [back to overview]	Postoperative Toradol
NCT02660918 (9) [back to overview]	Remaining Tylenol Tablets With Codeine Not Taken at the End of Day 1 Following Discharge
NCT02662036 (10) [back to overview]	Analgesic Effectiveness of Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) Versus Bupivacaine HCl as Measured by Pain Scores
NCT02662036 (10) [back to overview]	Analgesic Effectiveness of Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) Versus Bupivacaine HCl as Measured by Opioid Use During Hospital Stay
NCT02662036 (10) [back to overview]	Analgesic Effectiveness of Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) Versus Bupivacaine HCl as Measured by Change From Baseline in Patient Satisfaction With Recovery
NCT02662036 (10) [back to overview]	Analgesic Effectiveness of Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) Versus Bupivacaine HCl as Measured by Antiemetic Use During the Hospital Stay
NCT02662036 (10) [back to overview]	Analgesic Effectiveness of Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) Versus Bupivacaine HCl as Measured by Time Until Ambulation
NCT02662036 (10) [back to overview]	Analgesic Effectiveness of Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) Versus Bupivacaine HCl as Measured by Duration of Urinary Catheter
NCT02662036 (10) [back to overview]	Analgesic Effectiveness of Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) Versus Bupivacaine HCl as Measured by Pain Scores
NCT02662036 (10) [back to overview]	Analgesic Effectiveness of Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) Versus Bupivacaine HCl as Measured by Pain Scores
NCT02662036 (10) [back to overview]	Analgesic Effectiveness of Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) Versus Bupivacaine HCl as Measured by Pain Scores
NCT02662036 (10) [back to overview]	Analgesic Effectiveness of Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) Versus Bupivacaine HCl as Measured by Length of Hospital Stay
NCT02665273 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Achieve Freedom From Headache
NCT02665273 (4) [back to overview]	Change in Pain Score Assessed by Verbal Pain Scale (0-10)
NCT02665273 (4) [back to overview]	Would Want the Same Treatment Again During a Subsequent Migraine
NCT02665273 (4) [back to overview]	Sustained Headache Relief
NCT02682498 (5) [back to overview]	Average Daily Opioid Use During Admission
NCT02682498 (5) [back to overview]	Average Daily Patient Pain Score
NCT02682498 (5) [back to overview]	Post-operative Complications
NCT02682498 (5) [back to overview]	Recovery Room Opioid Use
NCT02682498 (5) [back to overview]	48 Hour Post-surgical Opioid Use
NCT02689258 (1) [back to overview]	Summed Pain Intensity Scores Collected Over 24 Hours
NCT02691572 (1) [back to overview]	Cumulative Fentanyl Dose
NCT02713178 (4) [back to overview]	Time to First Opioid Rescue Through 72 Hours
NCT02713178 (4) [back to overview]	Total Postsurgical Opioid Consumption Through 72 Hours
NCT02713178 (4) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Pain Intensity Scores Through 72 Hours
NCT02713178 (4) [back to overview]	Percentage of Opioid-free Participants Through 72 Hours
NCT02713230 (4) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Pain Intensity Scores
NCT02713230 (4) [back to overview]	Time to First Opioid Rescue Through 48 Hours
NCT02713230 (4) [back to overview]	Total Postsurgical Opioid Consumption Through 48 Hours
NCT02713230 (4) [back to overview]	Percentage of Opioid-free Participants Through 48 Hours
NCT02713490 (5) [back to overview]	Overall Benefit of Analgesia Score at 48 Hours
NCT02713490 (5) [back to overview]	Percentage of Opioid-free Subjects at 48 Hours
NCT02713490 (5) [back to overview]	Time to First Opioid Rescue in the First 48 Hours
NCT02713490 (5) [back to overview]	Total Postsurgical Opioid Consumption Through 48 Hours
NCT02713490 (5) [back to overview]	Area Under The Curve (AUC) of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Pain Intensity Scores From 12 to 48 Hours
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Incidence of a MAP < 60 mmHg for > 20 Minutes
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Incidence of a MAP < 60 mmHg for > 10 Minutes
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Incidence of a MAP < 60 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Incidence of a MAP < 55 mmHg for > 20 Minutes
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Incidence of a MAP < 55 mmHg for > 10 Minutes
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Incidence of a MAP < 55 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Incidence of a MAP < 50 mmHg for > 20 Minutes
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Incidence of a MAP < 50 mmHg for > 10 Minutes
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Incidence of a MAP < 50 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	In-hospital Mortality
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Estimated Intraoperative Blood Loss
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Depth and Duration of Intraoperative Hypotension - Threshold MAP 75 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Depth and Duration of Intraoperative Hypotension - Threshold MAP 70 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Depth and Duration of Intraoperative Hypotension - Threshold MAP 65 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Depth and Duration of Intraoperative Hypotension - Threshold MAP 60 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Depth and Duration of Intraoperative Hypotension - Threshold MAP 55 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Depth and Duration of Intraoperative Hypotension - Threshold MAP 50 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Average Use of Cardiovascular Drugs: Phenylephrine
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	30-day Mortality
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Average Use of Cardiovascular Drugs: Ephedrine
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Average Use of Cardiovascular Drugs: Epinephrine
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Average Use of Cardiovascular Drugs: Glycopyrrolate
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Average Use of Cardiovascular Drugs: Norepinephrine
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Usage Frequency of Cardiovascular Drugs: Phenylephrine
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Inhaled Anesthetic Drug Use During Intraoperative Hypotension: MAP < 65 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Inhaled Anesthetic Drug Use During Intraoperative Hypotension: MAP < 60 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Inhaled Anesthetic Drug Use During Intraoperative Hypotension: MAP < 55 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Inhaled Anesthetic Drug Use During Intraoperative Hypotension: MAP < 50 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Usage Frequency of Cardiovascular Drugs: Norepinephrine
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Usage Frequency of Cardiovascular Drugs: Glycopyrrolate
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Usage Frequency of Cardiovascular Drugs: Ephinephrine
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Usage Frequency of Cardiovascular Drugs: Ephedrine
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Timing of Cardiovascular Drugs for MAP < 65 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Timing of Cardiovascular Drugs for MAP < 60 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Timing of Cardiovascular Drugs for MAP < 55 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Timing of Cardiovascular Drugs for MAP < 50 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Time to Discharge Readiness at the Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU)
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Postoperative Rise in Creatinine Levels
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Intravenous Anesthetic Drug Use During Intraoperative Hypotension: MAP < 65 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Intravenous Anesthetic Drug Use During Intraoperative Hypotension: MAP < 60 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Intravenous Anesthetic Drug Use During Intraoperative Hypotension: MAP < 55 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Intravenous Anesthetic Drug Use During Intraoperative Hypotension: MAP < 50 mmHg
NCT02726620 (43) [back to overview]	Intraoperative Administration of Intravenous Fluids
NCT02740114 (3) [back to overview]	Participants Opioid-Free After Gynecologic Surgery
NCT02740114 (3) [back to overview]	Participants Opioid-Free After Gynecologic Surgery for 48 Hours
NCT02740114 (3) [back to overview]	Symptom Scores
NCT02741713 (5) [back to overview]	Time From Block Placement to Onset of Axillary Pain
NCT02741713 (5) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Usage
NCT02741713 (5) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Episodes of Nausea or Vomiting
NCT02741713 (5) [back to overview]	Post-operative Axillary Pain
NCT02741713 (5) [back to overview]	Numerical Rating Scale Pain Scores (0-10) at Rest
NCT02749968 (6) [back to overview]	Opioid Requirement at 48 Hours Post-randomization.
NCT02749968 (6) [back to overview]	Opioid Requirement at 24 Hours Post-randomization
NCT02749968 (6) [back to overview]	Development of Pneumonia
NCT02749968 (6) [back to overview]	Opioid Requirement at 72 Hours Post-randomization
NCT02749968 (6) [back to overview]	Opioid Requirement at 96 Hours Post-randomization
NCT02749968 (6) [back to overview]	Self-reported Pain at 96 Hours Post-randomization
NCT02762071 (6) [back to overview]	Postoperative Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Pain Scores
NCT02762071 (6) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction With Pain Management
NCT02762071 (6) [back to overview]	Opioid Medication Consumption in Morphine Milligram Equivalents
NCT02762071 (6) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Scale Pain Score at 24 Hours Postoperatively
NCT02762071 (6) [back to overview]	Length of Stay in the Post-anesthesia Care Unit (PACU)
NCT02762071 (6) [back to overview]	Length of Hospital Stay
NCT02762929 (1) [back to overview]	Mean Summed Pain Intensity (SPI) Score Over 24 Hours
NCT02777749 (5) [back to overview]	Range of Knee Flexion
NCT02777749 (5) [back to overview]	Length of Hospital Stay
NCT02777749 (5) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption
NCT02777749 (5) [back to overview]	Change in VAS Pain Scores
NCT02777749 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Activity Level
NCT02798835 (10) [back to overview]	Adductor Canal Block Complications
NCT02798835 (10) [back to overview]	Time to First Use of PCA
NCT02798835 (10) [back to overview]	Length of Stay
NCT02798835 (10) [back to overview]	Nerve Block Complications
NCT02798835 (10) [back to overview]	Cumulative 12 Hour Oral Morphine Equivalent Consumption
NCT02798835 (10) [back to overview]	Quality of Recovery (QoR-40)
NCT02798835 (10) [back to overview]	Pain Score
NCT02798835 (10) [back to overview]	Incidence of Participants With Nausea/Vomiting Requiring Anti-emetics
NCT02798835 (10) [back to overview]	Cumulative 48 Hour Oral Morphine Equivalent Consumption
NCT02798835 (10) [back to overview]	Cumulative 24 Hour Oral Morphine Equivalent Consumption
NCT02818894 (9) [back to overview]	Transient Neurological Symptoms Score on Post-Operative Day 7
NCT02818894 (9) [back to overview]	Transient Neurological Symptoms Score on Post-Operative Day 14
NCT02818894 (9) [back to overview]	Count of Participants With Hypotension
NCT02818894 (9) [back to overview]	Post-Operative Transient Neurological Symptoms Score on Day 1 Post-Operation
NCT02818894 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Transient Neurological Symptoms on Post-Operative Day 7
NCT02818894 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Transient Neurological Symptoms on Post-Operative Day 14
NCT02818894 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Transient Neurological Symptoms (TNS) on Day 1 Post-Operation
NCT02818894 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Voiding Without Complications After Recovery From Spinal Anesthesia
NCT02818894 (9) [back to overview]	Time to Ambulation After Recovery From Spinal Anesthesia
NCT02862912 (3) [back to overview]	Time to Ambulate
NCT02862912 (3) [back to overview]	Time to Resolution of Motor Block
NCT02862912 (3) [back to overview]	Time to Void
NCT02882633 (3) [back to overview]	Quality of Recovery
NCT02882633 (3) [back to overview]	Pain Score Change
NCT02882633 (3) [back to overview]	Amount of Opiate Consumption
NCT02886286 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Average Weekly Numeric Pain Rating Score (NRS)
NCT02886286 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)
NCT02886286 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Treatment Satisfaction
NCT02886286 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in painDETECT
NCT02886286 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC)
NCT02886286 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Numerical Rating Pain Scale (NRS)
NCT02891798 (8) [back to overview]	Performed-based Physical Function is Assessed Using the Standing Balance Test.
NCT02891798 (8) [back to overview]	Quality of Recovery 15 Item Scale (QoR-15) Total Score
NCT02891798 (8) [back to overview]	SF-MPQ2 Intermittent Pain Subscore Difference From Baseline
NCT02891798 (8) [back to overview]	Performed-based Physical Function is Assessed Using the Repeated Chair Stand Test.
NCT02891798 (8) [back to overview]	Performed-based Physical Function is Assessed Using the Self-Selected Gait Speed Test.
NCT02891798 (8) [back to overview]	SF-MPQ2 Continuous Pain Subscore Difference From Baseline
NCT02891798 (8) [back to overview]	Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (Version 2) Total Score Difference From Baseline
NCT02891798 (8) [back to overview]	Quality of Recovery 15 Item Scale (QoR-15) Total Score
NCT02922985 (10) [back to overview]	Hospital Length of Stay
NCT02922985 (10) [back to overview]	Pain Score at 24 Hours Post-operatively
NCT02922985 (10) [back to overview]	Need for Respiratory Support
NCT02922985 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Opioid Pain Tablets Remaining on Post-operative Day #7 From the Discharge Prescription.
NCT02922985 (10) [back to overview]	NICU Admission
NCT02922985 (10) [back to overview]	Apgar Score at 5 Minutes
NCT02922985 (10) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Intake in Morphine Milligram Equivalents in the First 48 Hours After Cesarean Delivery (CD)
NCT02922985 (10) [back to overview]	Time to First Administration of Opioid Pain Medication Post Operatively
NCT02922985 (10) [back to overview]	Pain Score at 6-12 Hours Post Operatively
NCT02922985 (10) [back to overview]	Pain Score at 48 Hours Post-operatively
NCT02949674 (1) [back to overview]	VAS
NCT02951884 (2) [back to overview]	Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Scores
NCT02951884 (2) [back to overview]	Supplemental Analgesia
NCT02959996 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Allergic Reaction Attributable to Local Anesthestic
NCT02959996 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Wound Complication - Separation, Dehiscence, Infection
NCT02959996 (9) [back to overview]	Pain Score With Activity
NCT02959996 (9) [back to overview]	Pain Score With Activity
NCT02959996 (9) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction With Pain Management at 6w Postpartum
NCT02959996 (9) [back to overview]	Postoperative Hospital Length of Stay
NCT02959996 (9) [back to overview]	Satisfaction With Post-operative Pain Control
NCT02959996 (9) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Use (in Morphine Equivalents)
NCT02959996 (9) [back to overview]	Operative Time of Cesarean Delivery
NCT02969187 (3) [back to overview]	Total Amount of Opioids at 48 Hours
NCT02969187 (3) [back to overview]	Cumulative Pain Score Through 48 Hours After Surgery
NCT02969187 (3) [back to overview]	Cumulative Nausea Score
NCT02973048 (22) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Per Maximal Level of Sensory Block Attained After Spinal Anesthesia
NCT02973048 (22) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Hypotension and Use of Vasopressors
NCT02973048 (22) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Adverse Events (Nausea, Vomiting, Pruritis, Headache)
NCT02973048 (22) [back to overview]	Pain as Assessed by Visual Analogue Scale
NCT02973048 (22) [back to overview]	Maternal Rehabilitation Assessed by Visual Analogic Scale (VASR)
NCT02973048 (22) [back to overview]	Maternal Satisfaction Assessed by Visual Analogic Scale (VASS)
NCT02973048 (22) [back to overview]	Midwife Satisfaction
NCT02973048 (22) [back to overview]	Newborn Methemoglobinemia (MetHb)
NCT02973048 (22) [back to overview]	Newborn Umbilical pH
NCT02973048 (22) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Transient Neurologic Symptoms (TNS)
NCT02973048 (22) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Urinary Retention
NCT02973048 (22) [back to overview]	Obstetrician Satisfaction
NCT02973048 (22) [back to overview]	Time From Baby Delivery to End of Surgery
NCT02973048 (22) [back to overview]	Time From Spinal Injection to Baby Delivery
NCT02973048 (22) [back to overview]	Time of Surgery
NCT02973048 (22) [back to overview]	Time to First Walk
NCT02973048 (22) [back to overview]	Time to Motor Block Onset
NCT02973048 (22) [back to overview]	Time to Regression of Motor Block
NCT02973048 (22) [back to overview]	Time to Resolution of Sensory Block
NCT02973048 (22) [back to overview]	Time to Successful Anesthesia (Successful Sensory Block)
NCT02973048 (22) [back to overview]	Total Blood Loss
NCT02973048 (22) [back to overview]	Newborn Apgar Score
NCT02988050 (1) [back to overview]	Patients Satisfaction
NCT02988219 (2) [back to overview]	Incidence of Perioperative Cardiac Arrhythmias Evaluated by a Continuous ECG Holter Monitoring in the Perioperative Period
NCT02988219 (2) [back to overview]	The Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias Occurence by Epidural Anesthesia Added to General Anesthesia Evaluated by a Number and Type of Arrhythmias Observed
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Cognitive Recovery at 2 Hours Post-operative
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Incidence of Transient Neurologic Symptoms
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Cognitive Recovery on POD1
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Back Pain on POD1
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Time Until Patient is Ready for Discharge From Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) to Home.
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Postoperative Discomfort and Needs (Post-op Pain, Sore Throat, Back Pain, Nausea, Cold, Hunger, Thirst)
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Pain Scores at 1 Hour Postop
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Opioid-Related Symptom Distress Scale (ORSDS) Score
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption Through First Postoperative Day. Measured in mg OME
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Numerical Rating Scale Pain Scores on Postoperative Day (POD) 1
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Numerical Rating Scale Pain Scores at 2 Hours Postop
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Nausea Intensity
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Assessment of Patient Blinding to Group Assignment
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Postoperative Discomfort and Needs (Post-op Pain, Sore Throat, Back Pain, Nausea, Cold, Hunger, Thirst)
NCT02996591 (16) [back to overview]	Postoperative Discomfort and Needs (Post-op Pain, Sore Throat, Back Pain, Nausea, Cold, Hunger, Thirst)
NCT03001453 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Patients That Experienced a Fall
NCT03001453 (5) [back to overview]	Time to Ambulation More Than 20 Feet (in Hours)
NCT03001453 (5) [back to overview]	Patient Morphine Equivalent Consumption
NCT03001453 (5) [back to overview]	Length of Stay (LOS, in Days)
NCT03001453 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Patient-reported Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Pain Intensity Score
NCT03007966 (12) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Consumption
NCT03007966 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Presence of Opioid Related Side Effects--Itching
NCT03007966 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Presence of Opioid Related Side Effects--Itching
NCT03007966 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Presence of Opioid Related Side Effects--Nausea
NCT03007966 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Presence of Opioid Related Side Effects--Vomiting
NCT03007966 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Presence of Opioid Related Side Effects--Vomiting
NCT03007966 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Presence of Opioid Related Side Effects--Nausea
NCT03007966 (12) [back to overview]	Post-operative Verbal Pain Score With Activity
NCT03007966 (12) [back to overview]	Post-operative Verbal Pain Score at Rest
NCT03007966 (12) [back to overview]	Post-operative Verbal Pain Score With Movement
NCT03007966 (12) [back to overview]	Time to First Oral Analgesic
NCT03007966 (12) [back to overview]	Post-operative Verbal Pain Score at Rest
NCT03011333 (2) [back to overview]	Mean Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the NRS-A (Windowed Worst Observation Carried Forward) Pain Intensity Scores
NCT03011333 (2) [back to overview]	Mean Total Postoperative Opioid Consumption (in Morphine Equivalents)
NCT03015532 (3) [back to overview]	Mean Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the NRS-R (Windowed Worst Observation Carried Forward) Pain Intensity Scores
NCT03015532 (3) [back to overview]	Mean Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the NRS-R (Windowed Worst Observation Carried Forward) Pain Intensity Scores
NCT03015532 (3) [back to overview]	Mean Total Postoperative Opioid Consumption (in Morphine Equivalents)
NCT03015961 (4) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Pain Intensity Scores From 0 to 72 Hours
NCT03015961 (4) [back to overview]	Percentage of Opioid-Free Patients
NCT03015961 (4) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Pain Intensity Scores From 24-48 and 48-72 Hours Postsurgery
NCT03015961 (4) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Consumption Through 48 Hours Postsurgery
NCT03022526 (15) [back to overview]	Parenting Self-efficacy (PMP-SE)
NCT03022526 (15) [back to overview]	Parenting Self-Efficacy (PMP-SE)
NCT03022526 (15) [back to overview]	Parent-Infant Attachment (MPAS)
NCT03022526 (15) [back to overview]	Parent-Infant Attachment (MPAS)
NCT03022526 (15) [back to overview]	Pain Score on Average (BPI - Short Form)
NCT03022526 (15) [back to overview]	Pain Score on Average (BPI - Short Form)
NCT03022526 (15) [back to overview]	Pain Score on Average (BPI - Short Form)
NCT03022526 (15) [back to overview]	Child Development (ASQ-3) Personal Social Score
NCT03022526 (15) [back to overview]	Child Development (ASQ-3) Personal Social Score
NCT03022526 (15) [back to overview]	Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score (EPDS)
NCT03022526 (15) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Currently Breastfeeding at 2 Days Postpartum (Yes/No)
NCT03022526 (15) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Currently Breastfeeding at 3 Months Postpartum (Yes/No)
NCT03022526 (15) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Currently Breastfeeding at 6 Weeks Postpartum (Yes/No)
NCT03022526 (15) [back to overview]	Perceived Stress (PSS)
NCT03022526 (15) [back to overview]	Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score (EPDS)
NCT03027661 (2) [back to overview]	Pain Reported on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at 30 Minutes Postoperative
NCT03027661 (2) [back to overview]	Pain Reported on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at 60 Minutes Postoperative
NCT03040011 (19) [back to overview]	Return to Baseline Activities Using the Activities Assessment Scale
NCT03040011 (19) [back to overview]	Nausea and Vomiting Measured by the PONV Scale
NCT03040011 (19) [back to overview]	Return to Baseline Activities Using the Activities Assessment Scale
NCT03040011 (19) [back to overview]	Adverse Events
NCT03040011 (19) [back to overview]	6 Hour Postoperative Pain Measured by the NRS
NCT03040011 (19) [back to overview]	Postoperative Urinary Retention
NCT03040011 (19) [back to overview]	Primary Postoperative Pain Measured by the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)
NCT03040011 (19) [back to overview]	POD 2 Narcotic Consumption
NCT03040011 (19) [back to overview]	1 Week Postoperative Pain Measured by the NRS
NCT03040011 (19) [back to overview]	POD 2 Postoperative Pain Measured by the NRS
NCT03040011 (19) [back to overview]	POD 3 Ibuprofen Consumption
NCT03040011 (19) [back to overview]	POD 3 Narcotic Consumption
NCT03040011 (19) [back to overview]	POD 3 Postoperative Pain Measured by the NRS
NCT03040011 (19) [back to overview]	POD 2 Ibuprofen Consumption
NCT03040011 (19) [back to overview]	POD 1 Narcotic Consumption
NCT03040011 (19) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Same Day Discharge
NCT03040011 (19) [back to overview]	Return to Baseline Activities Using the Activities Assessment Scale
NCT03040011 (19) [back to overview]	Return to Baseline Activities Using the Activities Assessment Scale
NCT03040011 (19) [back to overview]	POD 1 Ibuprofen Consumption
NCT03080142 (1) [back to overview]	Mean Opioid Consumption in Morphine Opioid Equivalents in mg
NCT03084536 (5) [back to overview]	Average Pain as Measured by the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) at 1 Year
NCT03084536 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Quality of Life as Measured by the Veterans RAND12 Questionnaire Mental Health Summary Measure
NCT03084536 (5) [back to overview]	Worst Pain as Measured by the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) at 1 Year
NCT03084536 (5) [back to overview]	Interference as Measured by the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) at 1 Year
NCT03084536 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Quality of Life as Measured by the Veterans RAND12 Questionnaire Physical Health Summary Measure
NCT03090152 (12) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption During the First 3 Days Post-op
NCT03090152 (12) [back to overview]	Neuropathic Pain Assessed With S-LANSS
NCT03090152 (12) [back to overview]	Readiness for Discharge Time
NCT03090152 (12) [back to overview]	Opioid Use
NCT03090152 (12) [back to overview]	No Opioids Consumed
NCT03090152 (12) [back to overview]	Post-operative Pain
NCT03090152 (12) [back to overview]	Quality of Recovery
NCT03090152 (12) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction
NCT03090152 (12) [back to overview]	Blinding Assessment
NCT03090152 (12) [back to overview]	Pain With Activity
NCT03090152 (12) [back to overview]	Pain at Rest
NCT03090152 (12) [back to overview]	Opioid Side Effects
NCT03098420 (3) [back to overview]	Average Opioid Consumption
NCT03098420 (3) [back to overview]	Average Pain Score
NCT03098420 (3) [back to overview]	First Post-Operative Opioid Administration
NCT03103100 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Who Achieve Adequate Analgesia
NCT03103100 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Who Experienced of Maternal Hypotension
NCT03103100 (4) [back to overview]	Time to Achieve an Adequate Epidural Level for Labor Analgesia
NCT03103100 (4) [back to overview]	Degree of Motor Block
NCT03106753 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Adverse Events During Procedure
NCT03106753 (10) [back to overview]	Number of NICU Admission
NCT03106753 (10) [back to overview]	Time From Procedure to Delivery.
NCT03106753 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Newborns With Apgar Score 7 or 9
NCT03106753 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Success Rate of External Cephalic Version to Cephalic Presentation.
NCT03106753 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Various Mode of Delivery
NCT03106753 (10) [back to overview]	Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11)
NCT03106753 (10) [back to overview]	Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11)
NCT03106753 (10) [back to overview]	Newborn Birth Weight
NCT03106753 (10) [back to overview]	Cord pH
NCT03110003 (4) [back to overview]	Time Until PACU Discharge in Minutes
NCT03110003 (4) [back to overview]	Degree of Peak Motor Blockade by Modified Bromage Scale
NCT03110003 (4) [back to overview]	Time Elapsed Until Motor Block Regresses to Modified Bromage Score = 0
NCT03110003 (4) [back to overview]	Peak Block Height
NCT03115151 (1) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Pain Score (VAS)
NCT03122301 (1) [back to overview]	2 Month Subject Reported Daily Hot Flashes (Mean)
NCT03149887 (8) [back to overview]	Mean NRS Pain Score at Rest on Postoperative Day 2
NCT03149887 (8) [back to overview]	Oral Analgesic Requirements on Postoperative Day 1
NCT03149887 (8) [back to overview]	Mean NRS Pain Score With Motion
NCT03149887 (8) [back to overview]	Oral Analgesic Requirements on Postoperative Day 3
NCT03149887 (8) [back to overview]	Mean NRS Pain Score at Rest on Postoperative Day 1
NCT03149887 (8) [back to overview]	Mean NRS Pain Scores at Rest on Postoperative Day 3
NCT03149887 (8) [back to overview]	Numeric Rating Pain Score [NRS] at Time of Block Resolution
NCT03149887 (8) [back to overview]	Oral Analgesic Requirements on Postoperative Day 2
NCT03151434 (7) [back to overview]	Subjects Overall Satisfaction Scores
NCT03151434 (7) [back to overview]	Secondary Endpoint Includes Total Intravenous Opioid Consumption at 72 Hours
NCT03151434 (7) [back to overview]	Subjects Overall Satisfaction Scores
NCT03151434 (7) [back to overview]	Average Sedation Scores Over 72 Hours
NCT03151434 (7) [back to overview]	Average Nausea Scores Over 72 Hours
NCT03151434 (7) [back to overview]	The Primary Endpoint of This Study Will be VAS Pain Score at 48 Hours
NCT03151434 (7) [back to overview]	The Primary Endpoint of This Study Will be VAS Pain Score at 24 Hours
NCT03176459 (9) [back to overview]	Time to First Rescue Medication Use
NCT03176459 (9) [back to overview]	Total Postsurgical Opioid Consumption Through 168 Hours (Day 7)
NCT03176459 (9) [back to overview]	Total Postsurgical Opioid Consumption Through 24 Hours
NCT03176459 (9) [back to overview]	Total Postsurgical Opioid Consumption Through 336 Hours (Day 14)
NCT03176459 (9) [back to overview]	Total Postsurgical Opioid Consumption Through 48 Hours
NCT03176459 (9) [back to overview]	Total Postsurgical Opioid Consumption Through 72 Hours After TAP Infiltration During Elective Cesarean Section
NCT03176459 (9) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC) for Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Pain Scores Through 72 Hours
NCT03176459 (9) [back to overview]	Opioid Spared Subjects Through 72 Hours
NCT03176459 (9) [back to overview]	Opioid-Free Subjects Through 72 Hours
NCT03187379 (2) [back to overview]	Post-Operative Pain
NCT03187379 (2) [back to overview]	Post-Operative Pain
NCT03196505 (2) [back to overview]	Morphine Equivalents
NCT03196505 (2) [back to overview]	Cumulative Pain Score
NCT03225313 (9) [back to overview]	Measurement of Serum Adrenaline Levels (ng/ml) Using ELISA Technique.
NCT03225313 (9) [back to overview]	Measurement of Serum Cortisol Level (Nmol/ Liter) Using ELISA Technique.
NCT03225313 (9) [back to overview]	Immediate Postoperative Pain
NCT03225313 (9) [back to overview]	Change in the Level of Serum Cortisol.
NCT03225313 (9) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain at 6 Hours After Procedure.
NCT03225313 (9) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain at 2 Hours After Procedure.
NCT03225313 (9) [back to overview]	Measurement of Serum Noradrenaline Levels (ng/ml) Using ELISA Technique.
NCT03225313 (9) [back to overview]	Measurement of Serum Adrenaline Level (ng/ml) Using ELISA Technique.
NCT03225313 (9) [back to overview]	Measurement of Serum Noradrenaline Levels (ng/ml) Using ELISA Technique.
NCT03234374 (8) [back to overview]	Tlag
NCT03234374 (8) [back to overview]	t½ Terminal Half Life
NCT03234374 (8) [back to overview]	Cmax
NCT03234374 (8) [back to overview]	AUC0-∞
NCT03234374 (8) [back to overview]	Tmax
NCT03234374 (8) [back to overview]	AUC
NCT03234374 (8) [back to overview]	AUC Extrapolated
NCT03234374 (8) [back to overview]	λz
NCT03237481 (5) [back to overview]	Percetange of Subjects Who Are Opioid-free for HTX-011 Compared With Bupivacaine HCl.
NCT03237481 (5) [back to overview]	Mean Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Numeric Rating Scale of Pain Intensity Scores With Activity (NRS-A; Windowed Worst Observation Carried Forward) for HTX 011 Compared With Saline Placebo.
NCT03237481 (5) [back to overview]	Mean AUC of the NRS-A Pain Intensity Scores (Windowed Worst Observation Carried Forward) for HTX 011 Compared With Bupivacaine HCl.
NCT03237481 (5) [back to overview]	Mean Total Postoperative Opioid Consumption (in Morphine Equivalents) for HTX 011 Compared With Bupivacaine HCl.
NCT03237481 (5) [back to overview]	Mean Total Postoperative Opioid Consumption (in Morphine Equivalents) for HTX 011 Compared With Saline Placebo.
NCT03250507 (7) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Consumption During the First 72 Hours Postoperatively as Measured in Morphine Equivalents (mg)
NCT03250507 (7) [back to overview]	Pain Scores Using Visual Analogue Scale ( 0-10)
NCT03250507 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Local Anesthetic Toxicity
NCT03250507 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Hypotension < 60 mmHg Mean Arterial Pressure
NCT03250507 (7) [back to overview]	Length of Stay in the Hospital
NCT03250507 (7) [back to overview]	Time to First Opioid Consumption as Measured in Hours Until the First Dose of Breakthrough Opioid Medication Given
NCT03250507 (7) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction Using 3 Point Scale - Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Not Satisfied
NCT03269435 (3) [back to overview]	Sustained Headache Relief
NCT03269435 (3) [back to overview]	Sustained Headache Freedom
NCT03269435 (3) [back to overview]	0-10 Pain Score
NCT03270514 (15) [back to overview]	Use of Incentive Spirometry
NCT03270514 (15) [back to overview]	Patient Time to Mobilization
NCT03270514 (15) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction
NCT03270514 (15) [back to overview]	Non-invasive Ventilation (NIV) Requirement
NCT03270514 (15) [back to overview]	Total Narcotic Consumption
NCT03270514 (15) [back to overview]	Serum Cortisol Levels
NCT03270514 (15) [back to overview]	Hospital Readmission
NCT03270514 (15) [back to overview]	Length of Hospital and ICU Stay
NCT03270514 (15) [back to overview]	Mortality
NCT03270514 (15) [back to overview]	Post-operative Pain Intensity
NCT03270514 (15) [back to overview]	Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting
NCT03270514 (15) [back to overview]	Re-intubation
NCT03270514 (15) [back to overview]	Time to Extubation
NCT03270514 (15) [back to overview]	Patient Time to Out of Bed to Chair
NCT03270514 (15) [back to overview]	Patient Time to Oral Intake
NCT03272139 (3) [back to overview]	Numerical Pain Rating System (NRS) Pain Scores
NCT03272139 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Incidence of Hemidiaphragmatic Paralysis (HDP)
NCT03272139 (3) [back to overview]	Block Duration
NCT03283436 (3) [back to overview]	Postoperative Opioid Use
NCT03283436 (3) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain Scores
NCT03283436 (3) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain Scores
NCT03289858 (1) [back to overview]	Opiate Requirements
NCT03291197 (3) [back to overview]	Inter-rater Agreement of Budapest Criteria
NCT03291197 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Demonstrating Tolerability of Suprascapular and Median Nerve Blocks
NCT03291197 (3) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
NCT03292926 (3) [back to overview]	Discharge Criteria
NCT03292926 (3) [back to overview]	Pain With Ambulation
NCT03292926 (3) [back to overview]	Pain While at Rest
NCT03294109 (6) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction With Pain Management
NCT03294109 (6) [back to overview]	Participants Experiencing Complications Related to Surgery or Block
NCT03294109 (6) [back to overview]	Change in Pain Score
NCT03294109 (6) [back to overview]	Return of Bowel Function
NCT03294109 (6) [back to overview]	Nausea and Vomiting, Defined as Requiring Pre-op Scopolamine Patch or Rescue Antiemetics
NCT03294109 (6) [back to overview]	Opioid Use Dose/Day
NCT03295721 (5) [back to overview]	Mean Total Postoperative Opioid Consumption (in Morphine Equivalents) for HTX 011 Compared With Bupivacaine HCl.
NCT03295721 (5) [back to overview]	Percentage of Subjects Who Are Opioid-free for HTX-011 Compared With Bupivacaine HCl.
NCT03295721 (5) [back to overview]	Mean Total Postoperative Opioid Consumption (in Morphine Equivalents) for HTX 011 Compared With Saline Placebo.
NCT03295721 (5) [back to overview]	Mean AUC of the NRS-A Pain Intensity Scores (Windowed Worst Observation Carried Forward) for HTX 011 Compared With Bupivacaine HCl.
NCT03295721 (5) [back to overview]	Mean Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Numeric Rating Scale of Pain Intensity Scores With Activity (NRS-A; Windowed Worst Observation Carried Forward) for HTX-011 Compared With Saline Placebo.
NCT03303794 (3) [back to overview]	Pain Scores During 48 Hrs Postoperatively
NCT03303794 (3) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption During the First 48 Hours After TKA Surgery
NCT03303794 (3) [back to overview]	AM-PAC Score to Measure Patients Fitness for Discharge
NCT03305575 (4) [back to overview]	Time to Ambulation
NCT03305575 (4) [back to overview]	Duration of Sensory Block
NCT03305575 (4) [back to overview]	Duration of Motor Block
NCT03305575 (4) [back to overview]	Time to Micturation
NCT03305666 (3) [back to overview]	Daily Narcotic Requirements Using Equi-analgesic Doses
NCT03305666 (3) [back to overview]	Daily Sequential Clinical Assessment of Respiratory Function (SCARF) Score
NCT03305666 (3) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Experiencing Failure of Primary Loco-Regional Analgesia (LRA)
NCT03307174 (7) [back to overview]	Average Pain Interference
NCT03307174 (7) [back to overview]	Total Local Anesthetic Utilized in First 24 Hours
NCT03307174 (7) [back to overview]	Average Pain Severity
NCT03307174 (7) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction Score
NCT03307174 (7) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Consumed
NCT03307174 (7) [back to overview]	Worst Reported 24 Hour Pain
NCT03307174 (7) [back to overview]	Incidence of Hypotension
NCT03316118 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Pain Scores of the Knee at Rest for the First 48 Hours After Surgery
NCT03316118 (4) [back to overview]	Overall Satisfaction With Pain Control 72 Hours After Surgery
NCT03316118 (4) [back to overview]	Post-operative Opioid Consumption During the Hospital Stay
NCT03316118 (4) [back to overview]	Length of Hospitalization
NCT03326999 (6) [back to overview]	Analgesia Satisfaction Score
NCT03326999 (6) [back to overview]	Morphine Equivalence Consumption
NCT03326999 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Nausea or Vomiting
NCT03326999 (6) [back to overview]	Time to Breakthrough Pain Medication
NCT03326999 (6) [back to overview]	Pain Score
NCT03326999 (6) [back to overview]	Time to Ambulation
NCT03359811 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Adverse Events Related to 4Q-TAP Versus TEA
NCT03359811 (7) [back to overview]	Comparison of the Total Opioid Consumption Between Patients With 4Q-TAP Versus TEA
NCT03359811 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Incidence of Opioid-Related Adverse Events Related to 4Q-TAP Versus TEA 48
NCT03359811 (7) [back to overview]	4Q-TAP Versus TEA on Postoperative Pain
NCT03359811 (7) [back to overview]	Efficacy of TEA vs 4Q-TAP in QoR at Postoperative Day (POD)2
NCT03359811 (7) [back to overview]	Comparison of the Length of Stay (LOS) Between Patients With 4Q-TAP Versus TEA
NCT03359811 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Incidence of Postoperative Complications and Morbidity in Patients Receiving 4Q-TAP Versus TEA
NCT03373591 (7) [back to overview]	Nausea
NCT03373591 (7) [back to overview]	Fentanyl PCA mcg
NCT03373591 (7) [back to overview]	Acetaminophen Usage
NCT03373591 (7) [back to overview]	Time to Ambulation
NCT03373591 (7) [back to overview]	Total Fentanyl Usage
NCT03373591 (7) [back to overview]	Pain Score
NCT03373591 (7) [back to overview]	NSAID Usage
NCT03375112 (5) [back to overview]	Walking Distance
NCT03375112 (5) [back to overview]	Time to Discharge Readiness
NCT03375112 (5) [back to overview]	Morphine Equivalents Consumed
NCT03375112 (5) [back to overview]	Averaged Pain Score
NCT03375112 (5) [back to overview]	Time to Up-and-go
NCT03383198 (2) [back to overview]	Duration of Analgesia
NCT03383198 (2) [back to overview]	Subjective Bilateral Pain Comparison
NCT03383588 (1) [back to overview]	Amount of Supplemental Oxycodone Used
NCT03401450 (3) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Consumption Postop Measured by Amounts of Morphine Equivalents
NCT03401450 (3) [back to overview]	Side Effects Such as Nausea, Itching, Constipation.
NCT03401450 (3) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Consumption Intraop Measured by Amounts of Morphine Equivalents
NCT03408483 (11) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption (Oral Morphine Equivalents)
NCT03408483 (11) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption (Oral Morphine Equivalents)
NCT03408483 (11) [back to overview]	Distance Ambulated
NCT03408483 (11) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction
NCT03408483 (11) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption (Oral Morphine Equivalents)
NCT03408483 (11) [back to overview]	Pain Scores Using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Scores
NCT03408483 (11) [back to overview]	Pain Scores Using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Scores
NCT03408483 (11) [back to overview]	Pain Scores Using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Scores
NCT03408483 (11) [back to overview]	Pain Scores Using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Scores
NCT03408483 (11) [back to overview]	Distance Ambulated
NCT03408483 (11) [back to overview]	Hours to Hospital Discharge
NCT03432650 (15) [back to overview]	Numerical Pain Rating System (NRS) Pain Scores
NCT03432650 (15) [back to overview]	Numerical Pain Rating System (NRS) Pain Scores
NCT03432650 (15) [back to overview]	Numerical Pain Rating System (NRS) Pain Scores
NCT03432650 (15) [back to overview]	Numerical Pain Rating System (NRS) Pain Scores
NCT03432650 (15) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction With Post Op Pain Control
NCT03432650 (15) [back to overview]	Patient Score on Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR40) Inventory.
NCT03432650 (15) [back to overview]	Change in Quadriceps Motor Strength on Surgical Side
NCT03432650 (15) [back to overview]	Incidence of Hypotension
NCT03432650 (15) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Presence of IAFE (Intraabdominal Fluid Extravasation) Following Surgery
NCT03432650 (15) [back to overview]	Opioid Use
NCT03432650 (15) [back to overview]	Urinary Retention
NCT03432650 (15) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Nausea/Vomiting
NCT03432650 (15) [back to overview]	Numerical Pain Rating System (NRS) Pain Scores
NCT03432650 (15) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Hospital Admission
NCT03432650 (15) [back to overview]	Antiemetic Use
NCT03479216 (7) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain
NCT03479216 (7) [back to overview]	Rescue Analgesic Time
NCT03479216 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Complications Due to Intraarticular Injection
NCT03479216 (7) [back to overview]	Mobilization
NCT03479216 (7) [back to overview]	Time to the End of Spinal Anesthesia
NCT03479216 (7) [back to overview]	Surgery Time
NCT03479216 (7) [back to overview]	Postoperative Opioid/NSAID Consumption
NCT03482973 (5) [back to overview]	Pain Scores
NCT03482973 (5) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption
NCT03482973 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Complications
NCT03482973 (5) [back to overview]	Hospital Length of Stay
NCT03482973 (5) [back to overview]	ICU Length of Stay
NCT03493828 (1) [back to overview]	Effect of Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block Using Either 0.5% or 0.25% Bupivacaine on Analgesia for Cesarean Section Patients When Compared to Placebo.
NCT03502018 (8) [back to overview]	Postoperative Total Morphine Equivalent
NCT03502018 (8) [back to overview]	Post-operative Pain
NCT03502018 (8) [back to overview]	Post-operative Pain
NCT03502018 (8) [back to overview]	Time to Ambulation
NCT03502018 (8) [back to overview]	Length of Stay
NCT03502018 (8) [back to overview]	Post-operative Pain
NCT03502018 (8) [back to overview]	Post-operative Pain
NCT03502018 (8) [back to overview]	Post-operative Pain
NCT03508830 (4) [back to overview]	Average Daily In-Hospital Pain Score
NCT03508830 (4) [back to overview]	Average Daily In-Hospital Use of Opioids
NCT03508830 (4) [back to overview]	Length of Stay
NCT03508830 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Postoperative Pneumonia
NCT03514277 (3) [back to overview]	Mean Postoperative Pain Score
NCT03514277 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Opioid Related Adverse Events
NCT03514277 (3) [back to overview]	Total Consumption of Opioids During Hospital Stay
NCT03523000 (9) [back to overview]	Change in Medication
NCT03523000 (9) [back to overview]	Adverse Event (AE)
NCT03523000 (9) [back to overview]	Change in Numerical Rating Scale Pain Scores (NRS) at Rest
NCT03523000 (9) [back to overview]	Change in Numerical Rating Scale Pain Scores (NRS) With Activity
NCT03523000 (9) [back to overview]	Change in Oswestry Disability Score (ODI)
NCT03523000 (9) [back to overview]	Change in painDETECT Final
NCT03523000 (9) [back to overview]	Change in painDETECT Total
NCT03523000 (9) [back to overview]	Change in Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC)
NCT03523000 (9) [back to overview]	Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (TSQ)
NCT03541941 (13) [back to overview]	Pain Scores at Postoperative Day 1
NCT03541941 (13) [back to overview]	Pain Scores at Postoperative Day 2
NCT03541941 (13) [back to overview]	Pain Scores at Postoperative Day 3
NCT03541941 (13) [back to overview]	30-day Pain Scores
NCT03541941 (13) [back to overview]	30-day Patient-Reported Quality of Life
NCT03541941 (13) [back to overview]	Cumulative Opioid Requirements at Postoperative Day 0
NCT03541941 (13) [back to overview]	Cumulative Opioid Requirements at Postoperative Day 1
NCT03541941 (13) [back to overview]	Cumulative Opioid Requirements at Postoperative Day 2
NCT03541941 (13) [back to overview]	Cumulative Opioid Requirements at Postoperative Day 3
NCT03541941 (13) [back to overview]	Cumulative Opioid Requirements for 72 Hours After Surgery
NCT03541941 (13) [back to overview]	Length of Hospital Stay
NCT03541941 (13) [back to overview]	Opioid Requirements for Total Length of Hospital Stay
NCT03541941 (13) [back to overview]	Pain Scores at Postoperative Day 0
NCT03587584 (1) [back to overview]	Total Intraoperative Opioids Used
NCT03587636 (2) [back to overview]	Total Maximum Pain Scores f
NCT03587636 (2) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Use
NCT03599089 (3) [back to overview]	Percentage of Subjects Opioid Free
NCT03599089 (3) [back to overview]	Change in Postsurgical Pain Based on the Weighted Sum of Pain Intensity (SPI) Assessments Over 96 Hours of the NRS Scores = Area Under the Curve (AUC)
NCT03599089 (3) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Consumption (in Daily Morphine Equivalents)
NCT03636542 (5) [back to overview]	Diaphragm Excursion With Quick Inspiratory Breath
NCT03636542 (5) [back to overview]	FEV1/FVC
NCT03636542 (5) [back to overview]	Diaphragm Excursion With Sigh
NCT03636542 (5) [back to overview]	Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1)
NCT03636542 (5) [back to overview]	Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
NCT03638635 (7) [back to overview]	Time to Return of Bowel Function
NCT03638635 (7) [back to overview]	In-hospital Antiemetic Use
NCT03638635 (7) [back to overview]	Length of Stay
NCT03638635 (7) [back to overview]	Pain Score
NCT03638635 (7) [back to overview]	Time to Clear Liquid Diet
NCT03638635 (7) [back to overview]	Time to Low Fiber Diet
NCT03638635 (7) [back to overview]	Time to Patient Mobilization
NCT03642457 (5) [back to overview]	Visual Analogue Score (VAS)
NCT03642457 (5) [back to overview]	Amount of Opioid Consumption
NCT03642457 (5) [back to overview]	Time to First Dose of Narcotic Administration
NCT03642457 (5) [back to overview]	PACU Length of Stay
NCT03642457 (5) [back to overview]	ICU Length of Stay
NCT03653416 (7) [back to overview]	PACU Length of Stay
NCT03653416 (7) [back to overview]	Narcotic Consumption
NCT03653416 (7) [back to overview]	Ambulation Distance
NCT03653416 (7) [back to overview]	Time to First Dose of Narcotic Administration
NCT03653416 (7) [back to overview]	Visual Analogue Score (VAS) for Pain
NCT03653416 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Pain by Location
NCT03653416 (7) [back to overview]	Bartels Index
NCT03663283 (4) [back to overview]	Patient Pain Scores
NCT03663283 (4) [back to overview]	Satisfaction With Pain Control Using Satisfaction Scale
NCT03663283 (4) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption
NCT03663283 (4) [back to overview]	Time to Cessation of Nerve Blockade
NCT03666663 (1) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With a Reduction in Headache Days From Baseline to Month 8 of Treatment
NCT03682224 (9) [back to overview]	Total Morphine Equivalents Consumed
NCT03682224 (9) [back to overview]	Pneumothorax
NCT03682224 (9) [back to overview]	Hospital Stay
NCT03682224 (9) [back to overview]	Prolonged Air Leak
NCT03682224 (9) [back to overview]	VAS Pain Score
NCT03682224 (9) [back to overview]	Mortality
NCT03682224 (9) [back to overview]	Pharmacy Cost
NCT03682224 (9) [back to overview]	Treatment Cost
NCT03682224 (9) [back to overview]	Atrial Fibrillation/Other Arrhythmia
NCT03682302 (6) [back to overview]	The Apparent Terminal Elimination Half-life (t1/2el)
NCT03682302 (6) [back to overview]	Apparent Clearance (CL/F)
NCT03682302 (6) [back to overview]	Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vd/F)
NCT03682302 (6) [back to overview]	Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
NCT03682302 (6) [back to overview]	Area Under the Plasma Concentration-versus-time Curve (AUC) 0 to Tlast
NCT03682302 (6) [back to overview]	Area Under the Plasma Concentration-versus-time Curve (AUC) 0 to Infinity
NCT03693404 (3) [back to overview]	Ambulation Distance
NCT03693404 (3) [back to overview]	Score on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for Pain
NCT03693404 (3) [back to overview]	Amount (mg) of Narcotics (Oral Morphine mg Equivalents) Used
NCT03700970 (11) [back to overview]	Non Narcotic Pain Medication Intake: Ondansetron
NCT03700970 (11) [back to overview]	Non Narcotic Pain Medication Intake: Gabapentin
NCT03700970 (11) [back to overview]	Non Narcotic Pain Medication Intake: Cyclobenzaprine
NCT03700970 (11) [back to overview]	Non Narcotic Pain Medication Intake: Celebrex
NCT03700970 (11) [back to overview]	Length of Stay
NCT03700970 (11) [back to overview]	Amount of Supplemental Postoperative Narcotic Analgesia in Oral Morphine Equivalents (OME)
NCT03700970 (11) [back to overview]	Time to Return of Bowel Function
NCT03700970 (11) [back to overview]	Non-narcotic Pain Medication Intake: Acetaminophen
NCT03700970 (11) [back to overview]	Ambulation
NCT03700970 (11) [back to overview]	Pain Measure
NCT03700970 (11) [back to overview]	Time to First Opiate Use
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	VAS Score at 24 Hours at Rest
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	VAS Score at 24 Hours With Movement
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	VAS Score at 48 Hours at Rest
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Length of Stay
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Nausea Scores (Mild) at 1 Hour
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Nausea Scores (Mild) at 24 Hours
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Ambulatory Postoperatively
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Nausea Scores (Mild) at 48 Hours
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Nausea Scores (Mild) at 72 Hours
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Nausea Scores (Moderate) at 1 Hour
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Nausea Scores (Moderate) at 24 Hours
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Nausea Scores (None) at 48 Hours
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Nausea Scores (None) at 24 Hours
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	VAS Score at 48 Hours With Movement
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	VAS Score at 72 Hours at Rest
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	VAS Score at 72 Hours With Movement
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Nausea Scores (Moderate) at 72 Hours
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Time to Per Os
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Nausea Scores (None) at 1 Hour
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Consumption at 24 Hour
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Consumption at 48 Hour
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Sedation Scores (Awake/Alert) at 72 Hours
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Sedation Scores (Awake/Alert) at 48 Hours
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Sedation Scores (Awake/Alert) at 24 Hours
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Nausea Scores (Moderate) at 48 Hours
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Sedation Scores (Asleep/Arousable) at 1 Hour
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Nausea Scores (Severe) at 72 Hours
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Nausea Scores (Severe) at 48 Hours
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Nausea Scores (Severe) at 24 Hours
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Nausea Scores (Severe) at 1 Hour
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Nausea Scores (None) at 72 Hours
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Sedation Scores (Deep Sleep) at 1 Hour
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Sedation Scores (Quietly Awake) at 1 Hour
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Surgery Duration
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Time to Bowel Movement
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Time to Flatus
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Consumption at 1 Hour
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Consumption at 72 Hour
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	VAS Score at 1 Hour at Rest
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	VAS Score at 1 Hour With Movement
NCT03702621 (41) [back to overview]	Sedation Scores (Awake/Alert) at 1 Hour
NCT03706313 (10) [back to overview]	Sleep Quality Measured by Number of Times Awakened by Pain During the First Postoperative Night
NCT03706313 (10) [back to overview]	Worst Pain Rating Score (NRS-11) on Postoperative Day 7
NCT03706313 (10) [back to overview]	Worst Pain Rating Score (NRS-11) With Movement on Postoperative Day 1
NCT03706313 (10) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Consumption Through 48 Hours
NCT03706313 (10) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption at 24 Hours Post-op
NCT03706313 (10) [back to overview]	Worst Pain Rating Score (NRS-11) at Rest on Postoperative Day 1
NCT03706313 (10) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction With Pain Control at 24 h
NCT03706313 (10) [back to overview]	20 Meter Walk Test Time Performed on Postoperative Day 1
NCT03706313 (10) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption on Postoperative Day 7
NCT03706313 (10) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction With Pain Control on Postoperative Day 7
NCT03708198 (1) [back to overview]	Tmax, or the Time Until the Maximum Concentration
NCT03722927 (6) [back to overview]	Mean Visual Analog Scores
NCT03722927 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Morphine Doses Across All Subjects
NCT03722927 (6) [back to overview]	Frequency of Postoperative Opioid Related Adverse Effects
NCT03722927 (6) [back to overview]	Length of Stay for Hospitalization
NCT03722927 (6) [back to overview]	Readmission Rates to the Hospital
NCT03722927 (6) [back to overview]	Mean Visual Analog Scores
NCT03723447 (4) [back to overview]	Bowel Motility
NCT03723447 (4) [back to overview]	Postoperative Length of Stay
NCT03723447 (4) [back to overview]	Cumulative 48-hour Post Surgical Opiate Use (Oral Morphine Equivalent)
NCT03723447 (4) [back to overview]	Post-op Pain Score (Visual Analog Scale)
NCT03757715 (2) [back to overview]	Opioid Medication Use
NCT03757715 (2) [back to overview]	Participant Pain Control
NCT03789318 (5) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity Scores at 96 Hours at Rest Using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)
NCT03789318 (5) [back to overview]	Percent of Opioid Free Subjects
NCT03789318 (5) [back to overview]	Time to Opioid Cessation or Freedom
NCT03789318 (5) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Consumption
NCT03789318 (5) [back to overview]	Weighted Sum of Pain Intensity (SPI) Assessments = AUC of NRS Scores
NCT03792191 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Paresthesia
NCT03792191 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Failure to Obtain Free Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow
NCT03792191 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Failed Spinal Block
NCT03792191 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Needle Passes Required to Obtain Free Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow
NCT03792191 (10) [back to overview]	Rate of Successful Obtaining of Free Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow at the First Needle Pass
NCT03792191 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Skin Punctures Required to Obtain Free Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow
NCT03792191 (10) [back to overview]	Rate of Successful Obtaining of Free Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow at the First Skin Puncture
NCT03792191 (10) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction
NCT03792191 (10) [back to overview]	Duration of the Spinal Procedure
NCT03792191 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Vascular Puncture
NCT03796195 (4) [back to overview]	Change in Hot Flash Severity Baseline to 3 Months After Stellate Ganglion Block
NCT03796195 (4) [back to overview]	Hot Flash Frequency Change Baseline to 3 Months After Treatment.
NCT03796195 (4) [back to overview]	Patient Global Impression of Change Score (PGIC)
NCT03796195 (4) [back to overview]	PROMIS SF4a Score 4 Weeks After Stellate Ganglion Block.
NCT03802864 (4) [back to overview]	Narcotic Requirement
NCT03802864 (4) [back to overview]	Pain Scores 48 Hours After Surgery
NCT03802864 (4) [back to overview]	Pain Scores 60 Hours After Surgery
NCT03802864 (4) [back to overview]	Pain Scores 7 Days After Surgery
NCT03822182 (2) [back to overview]	Patient Reported Post Operative Opioid Use
NCT03822182 (2) [back to overview]	Patient Reported Postoperative Pain: VAS
NCT03838874 (9) [back to overview]	Time to Return of Lower Extremity Motor Function
NCT03838874 (9) [back to overview]	Transient Neurologic Symptoms
NCT03838874 (9) [back to overview]	Urinary Retention
NCT03838874 (9) [back to overview]	Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) Length of Stay
NCT03838874 (9) [back to overview]	Orthostatic Hypotension
NCT03838874 (9) [back to overview]	Median Pain Score
NCT03838874 (9) [back to overview]	Maximum Pain Score
NCT03838874 (9) [back to overview]	Hospital Length of Stay
NCT03838874 (9) [back to overview]	Discharge Pain Score
NCT03845894 (3) [back to overview]	Average Pain Scores for the First 48 Hours
NCT03845894 (3) [back to overview]	Satisfaction With Surgical Experience
NCT03845894 (3) [back to overview]	Postoperative Opioid Consumption for the First 48 Hours
NCT03856788 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Asked Area of Pain on the Body After Surgery
NCT03856788 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Answered Yes to Having Presence of Nausea After Surgery
NCT03856788 (4) [back to overview]	Amount of Intraoperative IV Opioid Consumption
NCT03856788 (4) [back to overview]	Amount of 24 Hour Opioid Consumption
NCT03875664 (10) [back to overview]	Length of Stay in Post-anesthesia Care Unit (PACU)
NCT03875664 (10) [back to overview]	Hospital Length of Stay
NCT03875664 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Antiemetic Doses Required Per Participant While Inpatient
NCT03875664 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Had a Bowel Movement Within the First 3 Postoperative Days
NCT03875664 (10) [back to overview]	Postoperative Pain
NCT03875664 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Adverse Events
NCT03875664 (10) [back to overview]	Time to First Opioid Administration
NCT03875664 (10) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Administration
NCT03875664 (10) [back to overview]	Voiding Trial Failures
NCT03875664 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Reporting Satisfaction With Pain Control
NCT03885596 (5) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity Scores at 48 Hours at Rest Using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)
NCT03885596 (5) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity Scores at 24 Hours at Rest Using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)
NCT03885596 (5) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Scores (at Rest) Over 72h
NCT03885596 (5) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity Scores at 72 Hours at Rest Using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)
NCT03885596 (5) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption
NCT03887650 (10) [back to overview]	Hospital Length-of-stay
NCT03887650 (10) [back to overview]	Assessment of Patient Overall Satisfaction With Pain Control
NCT03887650 (10) [back to overview]	Duration of Sensory Nerve Block
NCT03887650 (10) [back to overview]	Motor Recovery
NCT03887650 (10) [back to overview]	Total Amount of Opioid Consumed During the Indicated Time Periods
NCT03887650 (10) [back to overview]	Incidence of Distress From Block Numbness
NCT03887650 (10) [back to overview]	Day of the Final Opioids Used
NCT03887650 (10) [back to overview]	Time to First Opioid Medication
NCT03887650 (10) [back to overview]	Pain Assessment at Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU)-96 Postoperative Hours
NCT03887650 (10) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Consumption
NCT03907033 (7) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction With Pain Management at 72 Hours and 7-10 Days Post Surgery
NCT03907033 (7) [back to overview]	Total Post-surgical Opioid Medication Use
NCT03907033 (7) [back to overview]	Total Post-surgical Analgesic Medication Use
NCT03907033 (7) [back to overview]	VAS Pain Score at 24, 48, and 72 Hours Post-surgery Completion
NCT03907033 (7) [back to overview]	Nausea at 24, 48, and 72 Hours Post-surgery Completion
NCT03907033 (7) [back to overview]	Urinary Retention
NCT03907033 (7) [back to overview]	Emesis at 24, 48, and 72 Hours Post-surgery Completion
NCT03913091 (4) [back to overview]	T-Scores, PROMIS Pain Intensity Scale
NCT03913091 (4) [back to overview]	Opioid Utilization
NCT03913091 (4) [back to overview]	Opioid Utilization
NCT03913091 (4) [back to overview]	Score on Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain Intensity Scale
NCT03922620 (3) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Scale Pain Score
NCT03922620 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Unscheduled Healthcare Contact
NCT03922620 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Complications
NCT03927911 (3) [back to overview]	Time to First Opioid Rescue Through 72 Hours or Discharge.
NCT03927911 (3) [back to overview]	Post-surgical Opioid Consumption in mg MED PO at 14 Days After Surgery
NCT03927911 (3) [back to overview]	Post-surgical Opioid Consumption in mg MED PO (0-72 Hours)
NCT03948386 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Dizziness Events
NCT03948386 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Transient Neurological Symptoms (TNS)
NCT03948386 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Urinary Retention Events
NCT03948386 (6) [back to overview]	Percentage Ambulating Early After Spinal Anesthesia
NCT03948386 (6) [back to overview]	Return of Motor Function of the Thigh and Lower Leg
NCT03948386 (6) [back to overview]	Hospital Stay
NCT03972397 (19) [back to overview]	Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) - Severity Score
NCT03972397 (19) [back to overview]	5-point Satisfaction Scale
NCT03972397 (19) [back to overview]	5-point Satisfaction Scale
NCT03972397 (19) [back to overview]	5-point Satisfaction Scale
NCT03972397 (19) [back to overview]	Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) - Severity Score
NCT03972397 (19) [back to overview]	5-point Satisfaction Scale
NCT03972397 (19) [back to overview]	Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) - Pain Interference Score
NCT03972397 (19) [back to overview]	Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) - Pain Interference Score
NCT03972397 (19) [back to overview]	Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) - Severity Score
NCT03972397 (19) [back to overview]	Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) - Pain Interference Score
NCT03972397 (19) [back to overview]	Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) - Pain Interference Score
NCT03972397 (19) [back to overview]	Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) - Severity Score
NCT03972397 (19) [back to overview]	5-point Satisfaction Scale
NCT03972397 (19) [back to overview]	Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) - Pain Interference Score
NCT03972397 (19) [back to overview]	Length of Hospital Stay
NCT03972397 (19) [back to overview]	Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) - Severity Score
NCT03972397 (19) [back to overview]	Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) - Pain Interference Score
NCT03972397 (19) [back to overview]	Score on Numeric Pain Scale (NPS)
NCT03972397 (19) [back to overview]	Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) - Severity Score
NCT03974932 (19) [back to overview]	Mean Total TSQM-9 Score
NCT03974932 (19) [back to overview]	Mean Overall Benefit of Analgesia Score (OBAS).
NCT03974932 (19) [back to overview]	Maximum Concentration (Cmax)
NCT03974932 (19) [back to overview]	1) Pain Control Based on Patient Global Assessment (PGA)."-NCT03974932">"Percentage of Subjects Achieving a Score of Good or Better (>1) Pain Control Based on Patient Global Assessment (PGA)."
NCT03974932 (19) [back to overview]	Percentage of Subjects Who do Not Receive an Opioid Prescription Between Discharge and the Day 11 Visit.
NCT03974932 (19) [back to overview]	Percentage of Subjects Who do Not Receive an Opioid Prescription at Discharge.
NCT03974932 (19) [back to overview]	Percentage of Subjects Who Are Opioid-free Through 72 Hours Who Remain Opioid-free Through Day 11.
NCT03974932 (19) [back to overview]	Percentage of Subjects Who Are Opioid-free
NCT03974932 (19) [back to overview]	Percentage of Subjects Who Are Discharged Home vs to a Skilled Nursing Facility.
NCT03974932 (19) [back to overview]	Percentage of Subjects Unable to Participate in Each Rehabilitation Session Because of Pain.
NCT03974932 (19) [back to overview]	Median Time to First Opioid Rescue Medication.
NCT03974932 (19) [back to overview]	Median Time to First Ambulation Postsurgery.
NCT03974932 (19) [back to overview]	Mean Total Postoperative Opioid Consumption (in IV Morphine Milligram Equivalents [MME]).
NCT03974932 (19) [back to overview]	Mean AUC of VAS Scores.
NCT03974932 (19) [back to overview]	Time of Occurrence of Maximum Concentration (Tmax)
NCT03974932 (19) [back to overview]	Mean Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).
NCT03974932 (19) [back to overview]	Mean AUC of the NRS of Pain Intensity at Rest (NRS-R).
NCT03974932 (19) [back to overview]	Percentage of Subjects With Severe Pain.
NCT03974932 (19) [back to overview]	Percentage of Subjects Who First Achieve an MPADSS Score ≥9.
NCT03993314 (2) [back to overview]	Time to PACU Discharge
NCT03993314 (2) [back to overview]	Level of Numbness
NCT04003987 (8) [back to overview]	Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Pain Scores at Rest at 24 Hours.
NCT04003987 (8) [back to overview]	Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Pain Scores With Movement at 24 Hours.
NCT04003987 (8) [back to overview]	Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Pain Scores With Movement at 1 Hour.
NCT04003987 (8) [back to overview]	Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Pain Scores at Rest at 48 Hours.
NCT04003987 (8) [back to overview]	Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Pain Scores at Rest at 1 Hour.
NCT04003987 (8) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction Score at 48 Hours
NCT04003987 (8) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction Score at 24 Hours
NCT04003987 (8) [back to overview]	Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Pain Scores With Movement at 48 Hours.
NCT04032327 (12) [back to overview]	Impact of Vaginal Pain Scores on Quality of Life Measure (SLEEP) Using Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (Visual Analog Scale) Comparing the Bupivacaine Plus Exparel® Group and the Bupivacaine Plain Group
NCT04032327 (12) [back to overview]	Rate of Post-operative Defecatory Function After Posterior Colporrhaphy, Comparing the Bupivacaine Plus Exparel® Group Versus the Bupivacaine Plain Group.
NCT04032327 (12) [back to overview]	Impact of Vaginal Pain Scores on Quality of Life Measures (ACTIVITY) Using Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (Visual Analog Scale) Comparing the Bupivacaine Plus Exparel® Group and the Bupivacaine Plain Group
NCT04032327 (12) [back to overview]	Impact of Vaginal Pain Scores on Quality of Life Measure (STRESS) Using Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (Visual Analog Scale) Comparing the Bupivacaine Plus Exparel® Group and the Bupivacaine Plain Group
NCT04032327 (12) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Passed Active Voiding Trial Comparing the Bupivacaine Plus Exparel® Group Versus the Bupivacaine Plain Group.
NCT04032327 (12) [back to overview]	Amount Acetaminophen Pain Medication Required During the Postoperative Period at Home
NCT04032327 (12) [back to overview]	Amount Ibuprofen Pain Medication Required During the Postoperative Period at Home
NCT04032327 (12) [back to overview]	Amount Opioid Pain Medication Required During the Postoperative Period (Through Day 3)
NCT04032327 (12) [back to overview]	Change in Vaginal Pain Scores Using the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (Visual Analog Scale) Between Bupivacaine Alone Versus Exparel® Following Posterior Colporrhaphy Post-operatively
NCT04032327 (12) [back to overview]	Change in Vaginal Pain Scores Using the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (Visual Analog Scale) Between Bupivacaine Alone Versus Exparel® Following Posterior Colporrhaphy Post-operatively
NCT04032327 (12) [back to overview]	Change in Vaginal Pain Scores Using the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (Visual Analog Scale) Between Bupivacaine Alone Versus Exparel® Following Posterior Colporrhaphy Post-operatively
NCT04032327 (12) [back to overview]	Impact of Vaginal Pain Scores on Quality of Life Measure (MOOD) Using Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (Visual Analog Scale) Comparing the Bupivacaine Plus Exparel® Group and the Bupivacaine Plain Group
NCT04047446 (11) [back to overview]	Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Pain With Movement
NCT04047446 (11) [back to overview]	Opioid Consumption
NCT04047446 (11) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction With Pain Management: Scale
NCT04047446 (11) [back to overview]	Duration of Analgesic Block
NCT04047446 (11) [back to overview]	Motor Block Resolution
NCT04047446 (11) [back to overview]	Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Pain at Rest Over 72 Hours
NCT04047446 (11) [back to overview]	Postanesthesia Care Unit Length of Stay
NCT04047446 (11) [back to overview]	Sensory Resolution
NCT04047446 (11) [back to overview]	Time to Readiness for Discharge
NCT04047446 (11) [back to overview]	Brief Pain Inventory Short-form
NCT04047446 (11) [back to overview]	Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Pain at Rest
NCT04073056 (9) [back to overview]	Respiratory Rate
NCT04073056 (9) [back to overview]	Heart Rate
NCT04073056 (9) [back to overview]	PACU Length of Stay
NCT04073056 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Pain
NCT04073056 (9) [back to overview]	Time to First Dose of Analgesic Request
NCT04073056 (9) [back to overview]	Blood Pressure
NCT04073056 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Nausea
NCT04073056 (9) [back to overview]	VAS Pain Scores
NCT04073056 (9) [back to overview]	The Amount of Opioid Consumption During and After Procedure
NCT04114058 (3) [back to overview]	Narcotic Utilization
NCT04114058 (3) [back to overview]	Visual Analogue Scale
NCT04114058 (3) [back to overview]	Total Number of at Home Falls.
NCT04115644 (8) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Scale
NCT04115644 (8) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Scale
NCT04115644 (8) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Scale
NCT04115644 (8) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Scale
NCT04115644 (8) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Scale
NCT04115644 (8) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Scale
NCT04115644 (8) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Scale
NCT04115644 (8) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Scale
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	8-12 Hour Pain Assessment Numeric Rating Scale During Rest
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	96 Hour Pain Assessment Numeric Rating Scale During Rest
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	60 Hour Pain Assessment Numeric Rating Scale During Activity
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	60 Hour Pain Assessment Numeric Rating Scale During Rest
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	72 Hour Pain Assessment Brief Pain Inventory
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	72 Hour Pain Assessment Numeric Rating Scale During Activity
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	96 Hour Use of Rescue Analgesic
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	84 Hour Pain Assessment Numeric Rating Scale During Activity
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	72 Hour Pain Assessment Numeric Rating Scale During Rest
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	84 Hour Pain Assessment Numeric Rating Scale During Rest
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	96 Hour Pain Assessment Brief Pain Inventory
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	72 Hour Use of Rescue Analgesic
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	48 Hour Use of Rescue Analgesic
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	48 Hour Pain Assessment Numeric Rating Scale During Rest
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	48 Hour Pain Assessment Numeric Rating Scale During Activity
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	48 Hour Pain Assessment Brief Pain Inventory
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	36 Hour Pain Assessment Numeric Rating Scale During Rest
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	36 Hour Pain Assessment Numeric Rating Scale During Activity
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	24 Hour Use of Rescue Analgesic
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	96 Hour Pain Assessment Numeric Rating Scale During Activity
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	24 Hour Pain Assessment Numeric Rating Scale During Rest
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	24 Hour Pain Assessment Brief Pain Inventory
NCT04278846 (23) [back to overview]	1 Hour Pain Assessment Numeric Rating Scale During Rest
NCT04284930 (1) [back to overview]	Total Narcotic Usage
NCT04368364 (12) [back to overview]	Severity of Pruritus as Assessed by a Scale
NCT04368364 (12) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction as Assessed by Likert Scale
NCT04368364 (12) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction as Assessed by Likert Scale
NCT04368364 (12) [back to overview]	Patient Satisfaction as Assessed by Likert Scale
NCT04368364 (12) [back to overview]	Dynamic Pain as Measured by the Numerical Pain Score (NPS)
NCT04368364 (12) [back to overview]	Total Narcotic Consumption in Morphine Equivalents (in Milligrams)
NCT04368364 (12) [back to overview]	Time to First Analgesic Request
NCT04368364 (12) [back to overview]	Severity of Nausea as Assessed by a Scale
NCT04368364 (12) [back to overview]	Total Narcotic Consumption in Morphine Equivalents (in Milligrams)
NCT04368364 (12) [back to overview]	Static Pain as Measured by the Numerical Pain Score (NPS)
NCT04368364 (12) [back to overview]	Severity of Vomiting as Assessed by a Scale
NCT04368364 (12) [back to overview]	Severity of Sedation as Assessed by a Scale
NCT04426500 (9) [back to overview]	Total Analgesic Medications
NCT04426500 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Procedure Related Complications
NCT04426500 (9) [back to overview]	The Amount of Ondansetron Use
NCT04426500 (9) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
NCT04426500 (9) [back to overview]	Intraoperative Time and Block Time
NCT04426500 (9) [back to overview]	VAS in Obese Patients
NCT04426500 (9) [back to overview]	Postoperative Narcotic Use
NCT04426500 (9) [back to overview]	Intraoperative Ketoralac Use
NCT04426500 (9) [back to overview]	Intraoperative Narcotic Use
NCT04518462 (3) [back to overview]	Time to First Opioid
NCT04518462 (3) [back to overview]	Magnitude of the Analgesic Effect (NRS Pain Intensity) (AUC)
NCT04518462 (3) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Consumption
NCT04644796 (4) [back to overview]	Length of Stay
NCT04644796 (4) [back to overview]	Operative Data and Complications
NCT04644796 (4) [back to overview]	Postoperative Opioid Utilization
NCT04644796 (4) [back to overview]	Post Operative Pain Scores
NCT04749797 (2) [back to overview]	Visual Analogue Scale
NCT04749797 (2) [back to overview]	Length of Stay (ICU and
NCT04766996 (2) [back to overview]	Nebraska Interprofessional Education Attitude Scale (NIPEAS) Score for Professional Staff Arm
NCT04766996 (2) [back to overview]	Total Post-operative Opioid Requirements With Non-opioid Drug Regimen
NCT04826484 (7) [back to overview]	Cumulative Incidence of Complications Related to Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity
NCT04826484 (7) [back to overview]	Percentage of Patients With Leftover Opioid Medication
NCT04826484 (7) [back to overview]	Percentage of Patients Who Are Opiate-free at 10-14 Days Postoperatively
NCT04826484 (7) [back to overview]	Percentage of Patients Who Are Opiate-free
NCT04826484 (7) [back to overview]	Parents' Postoperative Pain Measure (PPPM) Scores
NCT04826484 (7) [back to overview]	Parents' Postoperative Pain Measure (PPPM) Scores
NCT04826484 (7) [back to overview]	Amount of Opioid Medication Used Post-discharge
NCT04897841 (20) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Would Recommend Treatment
NCT04897841 (20) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With at Least One Newborn Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
NCT04897841 (20) [back to overview]	Number of Opioid Pills Used
NCT04897841 (20) [back to overview]	6 Week Postpartum Satisfaction Survey Response Percentage
NCT04897841 (20) [back to overview]	Amount of Opioid Prescribed at Discharge
NCT04897841 (20) [back to overview]	Fetal Weight
NCT04897841 (20) [back to overview]	Total Opioid Usage in Oral Morphine Equivalents
NCT04897841 (20) [back to overview]	Five-minute Apgar Scores
NCT04897841 (20) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Readmitted to the Hospital
NCT04897841 (20) [back to overview]	Incidence of Supplemental Oxygen Use During Hospitalization
NCT04897841 (20) [back to overview]	Minimum Post-operative Pain Scores Measured on NRS
NCT04897841 (20) [back to overview]	Maximum Post-operative Pain Scores Measured on NRS
NCT04897841 (20) [back to overview]	Time to First Rescue Analgesic Medication
NCT04897841 (20) [back to overview]	Postnatal Depression Screen
NCT04897841 (20) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Opioid Refills Requested
NCT04897841 (20) [back to overview]	Incidence of Opioid Side Effects
NCT04897841 (20) [back to overview]	Length of Postpartum Hospital Stay
NCT04897841 (20) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT04897841 (20) [back to overview]	Median Post-operative Pain Scores Measured on NRS
NCT04897841 (20) [back to overview]	Total Dose of Opioids in Oral Morphine Equivalents
NCT05005260 (2) [back to overview]	Pain Intensity Score at Rest at 24 Hours Post-operatively
NCT05005260 (2) [back to overview]	Cumulative Opioid Consumption
NCT05244525 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects Who Experience Post Operative Adverse Events
NCT05244525 (6) [back to overview]	Intraoperative Mean Arterial Pressure
NCT05244525 (6) [back to overview]	Total Operative Time
NCT05244525 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects Who Experience Intraoperative Adverse Events
NCT05244525 (6) [back to overview]	Surgeon-rated Visual Clarity as Assessed by the Visual Analog Scale
NCT05244525 (6) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants for Whom Intra-operative Arthroscopic Pump Pressure Was Increased to 45mmHg or Higher During the Surgical Procedure

Pain

Pain over the first three days post-operatively. This will be identified by the use of the Postoperative Patient Diary. This document records patient's subjective evaluations of pain, comfort, ability to sleep, activity administered daily on the day of surgery and each morning and each evening before the patient retires for 3 postoperative days. All pain medications taken during the 3 days of the postoperative evaluation will be recorded on the Postoperative Patient Diary. (NCT00178178)
Timeframe: 3 day

Intervention	participants that experienced pain (Number)
Intraarticulary Only	24
Patellar Tendon Harvest Site Only	24
Patellar Tendon Harvest Site and Intraarticular	24
Placebo	24

Intervention	Number of vomitting / Nausea episodes (Mean)
Control	7.1
IP Aerosolized Normal Saline	7.1
Nebulised Bupivacaine Intraperitoneally	2
Injected Bupivacaine Intraperitoneally	6.8

Intervention	mg (Mean)
Control	25.9
IP Aerosolized Normal Saline	26.3
Nebulised Bupivacaine Intraperitoneally	1
Injected Bupivacaine Intraperitoneally	16.7

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Pain in Recovery (0 Hours)	Pain at 6 hours	Pain at 12 hours	Pain at 24 hours
Control	9.2	8.2	7.9	6.1
Injected Bupivacaine Intraperitoneally	9.3	7.2	6.7	5.6
IP Aerosolized Normal Saline	10	8.1	8	6.2
Nebulised Bupivacaine Intraperitoneally	3.3	0.7	0.6	0.5

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Lidocaine 2% and Bupivacaine 0.25% Plus Saline	-3.29
Lidocaine 2% and Bupivacaine 0.25% Plus Triamcinolone 40 mg.	-3.70

Intervention	Units on a scale (Mean)
	Pain VAS at Baseline	Pain VAS at 26 weeks
Bupivicaine	57.1	42.9
Hylan G-F 20	60.7	49.8
Triamcinolone	63.2	50.1

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	DASH at Baseline	Dash at 26 Weeks
Bupivicaine	25.7	24.2
Hylan G-F 20	28.8	26.1
Triamcinolone	28.9	27.0

Intervention	minutes (Median)
Instrumental Vaginal Delivery (IVD)	420
Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery (SVD)	300

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Supplemental bolus	Infusion increase	Concentration increase
Instrumental Vaginal Delivery (IVD)	802	149	32
Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery (SVD)	243	87	19

Intervention	participants (Number)
Double-block Group	9
Single-block Group	7
Radiofrequency Group	17

Intervention	U.S. dollars (Number)
Double-block Group	15,241
Single-block Group	17,142
Radiofrequency Group	6286

Intervention	Units on a scale*hours (Mean)
Bupivacaine HCl 105mg	298.1
SKY0402 Low Dose	286.9
SKY0402 Middle Dose	274.6
SKY0402 High Dose	274.4

Intervention	Units on a scale*hours (Mean)
Bupivacaine HCl	20.4
SKY0402 Low Dose	20.7
SKY0402 Low-mid Dose	19.5
SKY0402 High-mid Dose	18.8
SKY0402 High Dose	19.1

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	POD#1	POD#2	POD#3
Bupivacaine/Dex	3	4.1	4
Bupivacaine/Saline	4.9	4.1	1.8
Ropivacaine/Dex	3.9	3	2.9
Ropivacaine/Saline	5	3	1.9

Intervention	hours (Median)
Ropivacaine/Saline	22.2
Ropivacaine/Dex	11.8
Bupivacaine/Dex	14.8
Bupivacaine/Saline	22.4

Intervention	hours (Median)
Ropivacaine/Saline	22.3
Ropivacaine/Dex	11.9
Bupivacaine/Dex	14.7
Bupivacaine/Saline	25.7

Intervention	units on a scale*hrs (Mean)
SKY0402 300mg	175
SKY0402 225mg	172
SKY0402 75mg	225
Bupivacaine HCl	331

Intervention	mg (Mean)
LIA IV (Local Infiltration Analgesia, Intravenous)	77
LIA IA, (Local Infiltration Analgesia, Intra-articular)	49
Epidural	54

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
	Hour 0.5	Hour 1.0	Hour 1.5	Hour 2.0	Hour 3.0	Hour 6.0	Hour 9.0	Hour 12	Hour 18	Hour 24	Hour 36	Hour 48	Hour 72
Bupivacaine Sponges	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.1	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.5	1.3
Collagen Sponges	2.2	2.5	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.1	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.4	1.5	1.3
Standard of Care no Implant	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.0	1.7	1.9	1.9	1.5	1.3

Intervention	mg morphine equivalents (Mean)
Bupivacaine Sponges	78.13
Collagen Sponges	88.60
Standard of Care no Implant	73.28

Intervention	mg morphine equivalents (Mean)
Bupivacaine Sponges	67.78
Collagen Sponges	80.87
Standard of Care no Implant	66.03

bupivacaine

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (153)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (3)

Pathways (1)

Protein Targets (4)

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (19)

Molecular Functions (6)

Ceullar Components (9)

Bioassays (108)

Research

Studies (11,629)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 86.80

Study Types

Clinical Trials (1687)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Pain

Number of Vomiting / Nausea Episodes

Postoperative Morphine Use

Reduction in Postoperative Pain

Hours Needed for Safe Mobilization

Headache Severity as Measured on an 11-point Verbal Scale (0 to 10):0=No Pain 10=Excruciating Pain

Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Pain Score

Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)

Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire

Duration of Labor Analgesia

Number of Parturients With a Decrease in the Infusion of Epidural Analgesia During Second Stage of Labor

Number of Participants With Breakthrough Pain in the First Stage of Labor

Successful Treatment

Cost Per Successful Procedure

Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) With Activity (NRS-A) Pain Intensity Scores From 0 Through 72 Hours

Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) With Activity (NRS-A) Pain Intensity Scores Through Postoperative Day 4

Complications, Such as Infections, Hospital Readmissions, Manipulations Under Anesthesia, Etc.

Amount of Pain Medication Taken Per Day

Length of Hospital Stay

Knee Society Scores

Knee Range of Motion

Maximum VRS Pain Scores at Rest

Total Opioid Consumption

the Duration of Analgesia

Time to a Significant Increase in Shoulder Discomfort

Duration of Hospital Stay.

Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) at Rest (NRS-R) Pain Intensity Scores From 0 Through 72 Hours

Visual Aanalog Scale (VAS) for Pain Assessment With Cough at 48 Hours

Opioid Use

Pain at Rest (VAS)

Time to Readiness for Discharge

The Duration of Analgesia Based on Time to First Rescue Med, the Quality of Analgesia Based on Modified FACES Scale, and the Incidence of Side Effects: Nausea, Vomiting, Pruritus, and Assess Patient Satisfaction With Pain Management.

The Amount of Intravenous and Oral Opioids Used by Patients Who Receive a Rectus Sheath Nerve Block and Those Who Receive Local Infiltration of the Surgical Site for Postoperative Analgesia.

Pain Intensity Rating on a 4-point Likert Scale (After Cough)

Total Use of Opioid Rescue Analgesia

Total Use of Opioid Rescue Analgesia

Total Use of Opioid Rescue Analgesia

Time to First Use of Opioid Rescue Analgesia

Pain Intensity Rating on a Visual Analog Scale (at Rest)

Pain Intensity Rating on a 4-point Likert Scale (at Rest)

Pain Intensity Rating on a Visual Analog Scale (After Cough)

Categorical Pain Intensity Scores Over Time - AT REST

Categorical Pain Intensity Scores Over Time (After Cough)

Total Use of Opioid Rescue Analgesia Over 0 to 24 Hours

Total Use of Opioid Rescue Analgesia Over 0 to 48 Hours

Total Use of Opioid Rescue Analgesia Over 0 to 72 Hours

Categorical Pain Relief Scores Over Time - AT REST

Categorical Pain Relief Scores Over Time (After Cough)

Patient's Global Evaluation of the Study Treatment on a 5 Point Likert Scale

Intervention	mg morphine equivalents (Mean)
Bupivacaine Sponges	53.65
Collagen Sponges	66.56
Standard of Care no Implant	53.73

Intervention	mg (Mean)
Bupivacaine Collagen Sponge	18.48
Placebo Collagen Sponge	24.60

Intervention	mg (Mean)
Bupivacaine Collagen Sponge	30.60
Placebo Collagen Sponge	36.50

Intervention	mg (Mean)
Bupivacaine Collagen Sponge	37.20
Placebo Collagen Sponge	44.89

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Excellent,	Very good,	Good,	Fair	Poor
Bupivacaine Collagen Sponge	12	8	3	1	0
Placebo Collagen Sponge	14	9	3	2	1

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
	1 to 24 hours	25 to 48 hours	49 to 72 hours	1 to 72 hours
Bupivacaine Collagen Sponge	413.8	395.0	251.5	1060.3
Placebo Collagen Sponge	862.0	594.6	426.6	1883.3

Intervention	pain score (Mean)
	In recovery room	day 1	day 3	day 5	day 7
Lidocaine (1%) + Bupivacaine 0.5%	3	4	2.5	2	2
Lidocaine 1% + Bupivacaine o.5% + Clondine 25mcg	3	5	3	3	2
Normal Saline	3	3	3	3	2.5

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	post-op day 1	post-op day 3	post op day 5	post op day 7
Lidocaine (1%) + Bupivacaine 0.5%	4	8	18	26
Lidocaine 1% + Bupivacaine o.5% + Clondine 25mcg	1	12	14	22
Normal Saline	7	18	21	24

Intervention	participants w/sucessful voiding trial (Number)
Intervention Group - Received Marcaine	4
Control Group - No Marcaine	7

Intervention	Morphine Milligrams (Mean)
Bupivacaine Collagen Sponge	46.85
ON-ON-Q PainBuster Post-op Pain Relief SystemQ System	67.03