Roles > chromophore
Page last updated: 2024-08-05 15:29:30

chromophore

The part (atom or group of atoms) of a molecular entity in which the electronic transition responsible for a given spectral band is approximately localized.

ChEBI ID: 23240

Members (5)

MemberDefinitionClass
11-cis-retinalA retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.11-cis-retinal
6-hydroxy-2,4,5-triaminopyrimidineA member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 4.2,5,6-triamino-4-hydroxypyrimidine
alizarinA dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 1 and 2.alizarin
proflavineAn aminoacridine that is acridine that is substituted by amino groups at positions 3 and 6. A slow-acting bacteriostat that is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria (but ineffective against spores), its salts were formerly used for treatment of burns and infected wounds.3,6-diaminoacridine
thioureaThe simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.thiourea

Research

Studies (14,733)

TimeframeStudies, Drugs with This Role(%)All Drugs %
pre-19904,947 (33.58)18.7374
1990's2,030 (13.78)18.2507
2000's3,246 (22.03)29.6817
2010's3,613 (24.52)24.3611
2020's897 (6.09)2.80

Study Types

Publication TypeStudies, Drugs with this Role (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials67 (0.44%)5.53%
Reviews841 (5.46%)6.00%
Case Studies162 (1.05%)4.05%
Observational3 (0.02%)0.25%
Other14,328 (93.03%)84.16%

Protein Targets (129)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency31.832612
15-lipoxygenase, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.506012
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.246412
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency9.520511
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.936624
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency11.883211
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency21.154612
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.848911
Chain A, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.716812
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3AHomo sapiens (human)Potency50.118711
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.915024
Chain B, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.716812
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency7.079511
cytochrome P450 2C9, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency17.376811
cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Potency34.671311
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.716824
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency20.832922
DNA polymerase eta isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency65.960222
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)Homo sapiens (human)Potency84.367911
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency14.002713
endonuclease IVEscherichia coliPotency12.589311
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency21.631844
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency7.497822
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.393722
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.183811
flap endonuclease 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency7.756022
GVesicular stomatitis virusPotency17.376811
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency35.716812
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency35.716812
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency35.716812
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency35.716812
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency35.716812
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency35.716812
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency35.716812
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency35.716812
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency35.716812
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency35.716812
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency35.716812
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency35.716812
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency35.716812
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency35.716812
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency35.716812
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency35.716812
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.774112
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency60.224322
Glutamate receptor 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.848911
Glutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.848911
Glutamate receptor 3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.848911
Glutamate receptor 4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.848911
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.810711
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.952611
Histamine H2 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Potency15.848912
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency29.903312
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency29.849322
Histone H2A.xCricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency35.351522
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency44.668411
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)Potency17.376811
huntingtin isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.589311
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency141.254011
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency17.376812
Inositol monophosphatase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency13.675823
Interferon betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency17.376811
isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency44.668412
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.589311
LuciferasePhotinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)Potency30.123022
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.912512
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.157223
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency4.216011
Nuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency74.978011
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1Mus musculus (house mouse)Potency15.848911
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency29.849311
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.183811
peripheral myelin protein 22Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency11.211711
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.497211
phosphoglycerate kinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency22.846922
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX12Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.848911
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.848911
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.481311
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency33.491511
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency26.832511
serine-protein kinase ATM isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency2.238711
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1Homo sapiens (human)Potency23.778111
snurportin-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency141.254011
survival motor neuron protein isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.387211
TAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.810711
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.589311
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency16.034244
tumor susceptibility gene 101 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency41.363822
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency49.565223
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRAHomo sapiens (human)Potency44.668411
VprHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Potency12.589311
WRNHomo sapiens (human)Potency44.668411

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC5021.000011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC5021.000011
Alcohol dehydrogenase E chainEquus caballus (horse)Ki42,000.000011
Alcohol dehydrogenase S chainEquus caballus (horse)Ki42,000.000011
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)IC5030.100011
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)IC5060.000011
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2Homo sapiens (human)Ki1.150011
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)IC508.880011
Cytochrome P450 1B1Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.500011
D(3) dopamine receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50590.500022
Gag-Pol polyproteinHIV-1 M:B_HXB2RIC5079.000011
Induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1Homo sapiens (human)Ki1.620011
Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC501,160.000011
ProthrombinHomo sapiens (human)IC5012.000011
Replicase polyprotein 1abBetacoronavirus England 1IC5010.000011
Replicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2IC501.160033
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Human immunodeficiency virus 1IC50100.000011
RmtAAspergillus nidulansIC501,220.000011
Serine-protein kinase ATMHomo sapiens (human)IC500.200011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATRHomo sapiens (human)IC500.200011
TransthyretinHomo sapiens (human)IC50100.000011
UreaseCanavalia ensiformis (jack bean)IC5020.07602424
UreaseCanavalia ensiformis (jack bean)Ki19.873333
Urease subunit alphaHelicobacter pylori 26695IC5023.000011
Urease subunit alphaSporosarcina pasteuriiIC5021.125022
Urease subunit betaHelicobacter pylori 26695IC5023.000011
Urease subunit beta Helicobacter pyloriIC5021.110011

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
Chain A, Retinaldehyde-binding protein 1Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.010012
Chain A, TETR FAMILY TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR LFRRMycolicibacterium smegmatisKd0.079011
Chain A, Transcriptional regulator qacRStaphylococcus aureusKd38.500014
Chain H, ALPHA-THROMBINHomo sapiens (human)Kd530.000011
Major pollen allergen Bet v 1-ABetula pendula (European white birch)Kd140.000011

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)AC504.543011
kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1Homo sapiens (human)AC5052.000012
kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1Homo sapiens (human)Max_Activity_Concentration_uM 26.000011
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)AC5052.000012
UreaseCanavalia ensiformis (jack bean)IC1021.000011
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