Compounds > pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside
Page last updated: 2024-12-07

pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside

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Description

pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; structure [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID100016
CHEMBL ID504567
CHEBI ID46938
SCHEMBL ID13032
MeSH IDM0053562

Synonyms (55)

Synonym
3690-10-6
nsc-309132
zebularine
NCGC00159549-02
DB03068
dhz ,
CHEBI:46938 ,
2-pyrimidone-1-beta-d-riboside
pyrimidin-2-one beta-d-ribofuranoside
1-beta-d-ribofuranosylpyrimidin-2(1h)-one
1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-2(1h)-pyrimidinone
pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside
pyrimidin-2-one ribonucleoside
c9h12n2o5
2(1h)-pyrimidinone, 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-
nsc 309132
pyrimidin-2-one-ribonucleoside
1-[(2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidin-2-one
CHEMBL504567
nsc 309132; pyrimidin-2-one beta-d-ribofuranoside; zebularine;1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-2(1h)-pyrimidinone;1-((2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidin-2(1h)-one;zebularine
A823445
unii-7a9y5sx0gy
7a9y5sx0gy ,
BRD-K87714311-001-01-9
1-[(2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one
gtpl4729
SCHEMBL13032
ze8 ,
J-700277
CS-3403
1-((2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-1h-pyrimidin-2-one
1-?-d-ribofuranosyl-2(1h)-pyrimidinone
HY-13420
AKOS024457033
1-.beta.-d-ribofuranosyl-2(1h)-pyrimidinone
pyrimidin-2-one .beta.-d-ribofuranoside
uridine, 4-deoxy-
1-(.beta.-d-ribofuranosyl)-2-pyrimidone
mfcd04973699
4PD7
RPQZTTQVRYEKCR-WCTZXXKLSA-N
1-((2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidin-2(1h)-one
zebularine, >=98% (hplc), solid
1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)pyrimidin-2(1h)-one
nsc309132;4-deoxyuridine
HB1378
1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-2(1h)-pyrimidino ne
HMS3677C14
DS-11855
bdbm50226311
HMS3413C14
Q8068322
DTXSID20958099
1-pentofuranosylpyrimidin-2(1h)-one
BP-58607

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The fluorescence properties of dZeb were used to quantify the amount of this analog incorporated into cellular DNA of mismatch repair-deficient cells expressing Dm-dNK and the results showed that in a mismatch correction-defective strain a high percentage of DNA bases may be replaced with the analog without long term toxic effects."( Use of Drosophila deoxynucleoside kinase to study mechanism of toxicity and mutagenicity of deoxycytidine analogs in Escherichia coli.
Betham, B; Bhagwat, AS; Marquez, VE; Shalhout, S, 2010)		0.36

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" When co-delivered with pSL, zebularine increased cellular gemcitabine concentration by 4-fold, and extended the half-life of gemcitabine in plasma by 22-fold in rats."( Zebularine suppressed gemcitabine-induced senescence and improved the cellular and plasma pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine, augmented by liposomal co-delivery.
Leung, E; Lozano Hernandez, L; Reginald-Opara, JN; Svirskis, D; Tang, M; Wang, H; Wu, Z, 2021)		0.62

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of zebularine in comparison to and in combination with trichostatin A (TSA) on p21Cip1/Waf1/Sdi1, p27Kip1, p57Kip2, DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, 3a and 3b) and histone deacetylases (HDAC1, 2, and 3) genes expression, cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in colon cancer LS 180 cell line."( Investigation of the Effect of Zebularine in Comparison to and in Combination with Trichostatin A on p21Cip1/Waf1/ Sdi1, p27Kip1, p57Kip2, DNA Methyltransferases and Histone Deacetylases in Colon Cancer LS 180 Cell Line.
Kavoosi, F; Sanaei, M, 2020)		0.56
" The present study was designed to investigate the effect of zebularine in comparison to and in combination with trichostatin A on p21Cip1/Waf1/Sdi1, p27Kip1, p57Kip2, DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b, Class I HDACs (HDACs 1, 2, 3) and Class II HDACs (HDACs 4, 5, 6) gene expression, cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in colon cancer LS 174T cell line."( Effect of Zebularine in Comparison to and in Combination with Trichostatin A on CIP/KIP Family (p21Cip1/Waf1/Sdi1, p27Kip1, and p57Kip2), DNMTs (DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b), Class I HDACs (HDACs 1, 2, 3) and Class II HDACs (HDACs 4, 5, 6) Gene Expression,
Kavoosi, F; Sanaei, M, 2020)		0.56

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Zebularine is a second-generation, highly stable hydrophilic inhibitor of DNA methylation with oral bioavailability that preferentially target cancer cells."( Zebularine induces replication-dependent double-strand breaks which are preferentially repaired by homologous recombination.
Burgos-Morón, E; Calderón-Montaño, JM; Domínguez, I; Helleday, T; Huertas Castaño, C; López-Lázaro, M; Mateos, S; Orta, ML; Pastor, N, 2017)		0.46

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Differential progression of global DNA hypomethylation was studied by comparatively dosing zebularine (ZEB) and 5-azacytidine (AZA)."( 3-D DNA methylation phenotypes correlate with cytotoxicity levels in prostate and liver cancer cell models.
Gertych, A; Oh, JH; Tajbakhsh, J; Wawrowsky, KA; Weisenberger, DJ, 2013)		0.39
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
pyrimidine ribonucleosides
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (5)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
pyrimidine ribonucleosides degradation513
superpathway of pyrimidine ribonucleosides salvage2237
pyrimidine ribonucleosides salvage I613
pyrimidine ribonucleosides salvage II812
salvage pathways of pyrimidine ribonucleotides936

Protein Targets (3)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Adenosine deaminaseMus musculus (house mouse)Ki1.00001.00005.45009.9000AID33972
Cytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)Ki14.10000.00001.43332.3000AID238723; AID55388; AID55389
Cytidine deaminaseMus musculus (house mouse)Ki2.00002.00006.000010.0000AID55384
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (9)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
cell surface receptor signaling pathwayCytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)
pyrimidine-containing compound salvageCytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytidine deaminationCytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytosine metabolic processCytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growthCytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)
UMP salvageCytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of nucleotide metabolic processCytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to cycloheximideCytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to external biotic stimulusCytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (6)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nucleoside bindingCytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytidine deaminase activityCytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingCytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityCytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (5)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
extracellular regionCytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolCytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)
secretory granule lumenCytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)
tertiary granule lumenCytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule lumenCytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolCytidine deaminaseHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (57)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID124814Antitumor activity against P388 tumor in mice, at a dose of 400 mg/kg per ip administration.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID124819Antitumor activity against ara-c resistance L1210 tumor in mice, at a dose of 400 mg/kg per ip administration.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID431237Drug metabolism in HCV subgenomic replicon RNA-containing human HuH7 cells assessed as PSI-6130 nucleotide diphosphate level per 10 '6 cells at 5 uM after 48 hrs by HPLC analysis in presence of 50 uM DCTD inhibitor zedularine2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID124820Antitumor activity against ara-c resistance L1210 tumor in mice, at a dose of 800 mg/kg per ip administration.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID431236Drug metabolism in HCV subgenomic replicon RNA-containing human HuH7 cells assessed as PSI-6130 nucleotide diphosphate level per 10 '6 cells at 5 uM after 48 hrs by HPLC analysis in absence of DCTD inhibitor zedularine2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID116797Percent increase in life span of drug-treated mice relative to tumored, vehicle treated controls at a dose of 800 mg/kg ip.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID124803Antitumor activity against L1210 tumor in mice, at a dose of 800 mg/kg per sc administration.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID116787Percent increase in life span of drug-treated mice relative to tumored, vehicle treated controls at a dose of 200 mg/kg ip.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID116796Percent increase in life span of drug-treated mice relative to tumored, vehicle treated controls at a dose of 800 mg/kg, sc administration1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID116790Percent increase in life span of drug-treated mice relative to tumored, vehicle treated controls at a dose of 400 mg/kg ip.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID431240Drug metabolism in HCV subgenomic replicon RNA-containing human HuH7 cells assessed as PSI-6130 nucleotide triphosphate level per 10 '6 cells at 5 uM after 48 hrs by HPLC analysis in presence of 50 uM DCTD inhibitor zedularine2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID124806Antitumor activity against L1210 tumor in mice, at a dose of 800 mg/kg per ip administration.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID431239Drug metabolism in HCV subgenomic replicon RNA-containing human HuH7 cells assessed as PSI-6130 nucleotide triphosphate level per 10 '6 cells at 5 uM after 48 hrs by HPLC analysis in absence of DCTD inhibitor zedularine2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID238723Binding affinity for human cytidine deaminase2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 48, Issue:3
Structure of human cytidine deaminase bound to a potent inhibitor.
AID124811Antitumor activity against P388 tumor in mice, at a dose of 200 mg/kg per ip administration.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID124788Antitumor activity against B16 tumor in mice, at a dose of 200 mg/kg per ip administration.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID124816Antitumor activity against P388 tumor in mice, at a dose of 600 mg/kg per ip administration.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID431233Drug metabolism in HCV subgenomic replicon RNA-containing human HuH7 cells assessed as PSI-6130 nucleotide monophosphate level per 10 '6 cells at 5 uM after 48 hrs by HPLC analysis in absence of DCTD inhibitor zedularine2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID431235Drug metabolism in HCV subgenomic replicon RNA-containing human HuH7 cells assessed as PSI-6130 nucleotide monophosphate level per 10 '6 cells at 5 uM after 48 hrs by HPLC analysis in presence of 100 uM DCTD inhibitor zedularine2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID124789Antitumor activity against B16 tumor in mice, at a dose of 400 mg/kg per ip administration.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID124796Antitumor activity against L1210 tumor in mice, at a dose of 400 mg/kg per ip administration.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID431256Antiviral activity against wild type HCV infected in human HuH7 cells assessed as inhibition of viral RNA replication after 4 days by replicon assay2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID431234Drug metabolism in HCV subgenomic replicon RNA-containing human HuH7 cells assessed as PSI-6130 nucleotide monophosphate level per 10 '6 cells at 5 uM after 48 hrs by HPLC analysis in presence of 50 uM DCTD inhibitor zedularine2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID431258Cytotoxicity against HCV subgenomic replicon RNA-containing human HuH7 cells at > 400 uM2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID116791Percent increase in life span of drug-treated mice relative to tumored, vehicle treated controls at a dose of 400 mg/kg sc administration1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID431257Antiviral activity against HCV harboring NS5B polymerase S282T mutant infected in human HuH7 cells assessed as inhibition of viral RNA replication after 4 days by replicon assay2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID124797Antitumor activity against L1210 tumor in mice, at a dose of 400 mg/kg per sc administration.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID33972Compound was tested for the inhibitory constant for adenosine deaminase (ADA)1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 29, Issue:8
Synthesis of pyrimidin-2-one nucleosides as acid-stable inhibitors of cytidine deaminase.
AID431244Drug metabolism in HCV subgenomic replicon RNA-containing human HuH7 cells assessed as RO2433 nucleotide monophosphate level per 10 '6 cells at 5 uM after 48 hrs by HPLC analysis in presence of 100 uM DCTD inhibitor zedularine2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID124805Antitumor activity against L1210 tumor in mice, at a dose of 1600 mg/kg per ip administration.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID620532Reactivation of MeCp2 mutant expression in human GM11272 cells at 1 to 100 nM by PCR method2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 21, Issue:18
Clonal Rett Syndrome cell lines to test compounds for activation of wild-type MeCP2 expression.
AID124817Antitumor activity against P388 tumor in mice, at a dose of 400 mg/kg per ip administration.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID431247Drug metabolism in HCV subgenomic replicon RNA-containing human HuH7 cells assessed as RO2433 nucleotide diphosphate level at 5 uM after 48 hrs by HPLC analysis in presence of 100 uM DCTD inhibitor zedularine2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID55388Apparent Ki (binding affinity) was calculated for the compound against cytidine deaminase.1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-02, Volume: 41, Issue:14
Carbocyclic analogues of the potent cytidine deaminase inhibitor 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one (zebularine).
AID347364Induction of p16 gene expression in human HCT15 cells at 100 uM after 8 days by real time PCR in presence of 100 mM thymidine2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23
Activation of p16 gene silenced by DNA methylation in cancer cells by phosphoramidate derivatives of 2'-deoxyzebularine.
AID431243Drug metabolism in HCV subgenomic replicon RNA-containing human HuH7 cells assessed as RO2433 nucleotide monophosphate level per 10 '6 cells at 5 uM after 48 hrs by HPLC analysis in presence of 50 uM DCTD inhibitor zedularine2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID431246Drug metabolism in HCV subgenomic replicon RNA-containing human HuH7 cells assessed as RO2433 nucleotide diphosphate level per 10 '6 cells at 5 uM after 48 hrs by HPLC analysis in presence of 50 uM DCTD inhibitor zedularine2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID347368Cytotoxicity against human Cf-Pac-1 cells assessed as increase in cell population doubling time at 100 uM after 8 days in presence of 100 uM thymidine2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23
Activation of p16 gene silenced by DNA methylation in cancer cells by phosphoramidate derivatives of 2'-deoxyzebularine.
AID124802Antitumor activity against L1210 tumor in mice, at a dose of 800 mg/kg per ip administration.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID347365Induction of p16 gene expression in human T24 cells at 100 uM after 8 days by real time PCR in presence of 100 mM thymidine2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 51, Issue:23
Activation of p16 gene silenced by DNA methylation in cancer cells by phosphoramidate derivatives of 2'-deoxyzebularine.
AID124790Antitumor activity against B16 tumor in mice, at a dose of 800 mg/kg per ip administration.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID124818Antitumor activity against ara-c resistance L1210 tumor in mice, at a dose of 200 mg/kg per ip administration.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID431245Drug metabolism in HCV subgenomic replicon RNA-containing human HuH7 cells assessed as RO2433 nucleotide diphosphate level per 10 '6 cells at 5 uM after 48 hrs by HPLC analysis in absence of DCTD inhibitor zedularine2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID55384Compound was tested for the inhibitory constant for mouse kidney cytidine deaminase1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 29, Issue:8
Synthesis of pyrimidin-2-one nucleosides as acid-stable inhibitors of cytidine deaminase.
AID431249Drug metabolism in HCV subgenomic replicon RNA-containing human HuH7 cells assessed as RO2433 nucleotide triphosphate level per 10 '6 cells at 5 uM after 48 hrs by HPLC analysis in presence of 50 uM DCTD inhibitor zedularine2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID431242Drug metabolism in HCV subgenomic replicon RNA-containing human HuH7 cells assessed as RO2433 nucleotide monophosphate level per 10 '6 cells at 5 uM after 48 hrs by HPLC analysis in absence of DCTD inhibitor zedularine2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID431248Drug metabolism in HCV subgenomic replicon RNA-containing human HuH7 cells assessed as RO2433 nucleotide triphosphate level per 10 '6 cells at 5 uM after 48 hrs by HPLC analysis in absence of DCTD inhibitor zedularine2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID124807Antitumor activity against L7210 tumor in mice, at a dose of 400 mg/kg per ip administration.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID116795Percent increase in life span of drug-treated mice relative to tumored, vehicle treated controls at a dose of 600 mg/kg ip.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID55389Compound was tested for its binding affinity against cytidine deaminase.1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-02, Volume: 41, Issue:14
Carbocyclic analogues of the potent cytidine deaminase inhibitor 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one (zebularine).
AID431241Drug metabolism in HCV subgenomic replicon RNA-containing human HuH7 cells assessed as PSI-6130 nucleotide triphosphate level per 10 '6 cells at 5 uM after 48 hrs by HPLC analysis in presence of 100 uM DCTD inhibitor zedularine2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID116785Percent increase in life span of drug-treated mice relative to tumored, vehicle treated controls at a dose of 1600 mg/kg ip.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID431250Drug metabolism in HCV subgenomic replicon RNA-containing human HuH7 cells assessed as RO2433 nucleotide triphosphate level per 10 '6 cells at 5 uM after 48 hrs by HPLC analysis in presence of 100 uM DCTD inhibitor zedularine2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID116798Percent increase in life span of drug-treated mice relative to tumored, vehicle treated controls at a dose of 800 mg/kg sc administration1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 34, Issue:11
Antitumor properties of 2(1H)-pyrimidinone riboside (zebularine) and its fluorinated analogues.
AID431238Drug metabolism in HCV subgenomic replicon RNA-containing human HuH7 cells assessed as PSI-6130 nucleotide diphosphate level per 10 '6 cells at 5 uM after 48 hrs by HPLC analysis in presence of 100 uM DCTD inhibitor zedularine2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Feb, Volume: 52, Issue:2
The mechanism of action of beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine involves a second metabolic pathway leading to beta-D-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyluridine 5'-triphosphate, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AID1347411qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID977611Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2014eLife, Jul-31, Volume: 3Structural basis of nucleoside and nucleoside drug selectivity by concentrative nucleoside transporters.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (205)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19904 (1.95)18.7374
1990's5 (2.44)18.2507
2000's62 (30.24)29.6817
2010's107 (52.20)24.3611
2020's27 (13.17)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 10.42

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index10.42 (24.57)
Research Supply Index5.34 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.76 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (10.42)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews6 (2.90%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other201 (97.10%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
adenine
[no description available]		2.5206-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytosine
[no description available]		3.4170aminopyrimidine;
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydrouracil
hexahydropyrimidine-2,4-dione: structure in first source. 5,6-dihydrouracil : A pyrimidine obtained by formal addition of hydrogen across the 5,6-position of uracil.		2.4320pyrimidoneEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.		2.1110elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity		antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		2.1110alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
hydroxide ion
[no description available]		1.9910oxygen hydridemouse metabolite
sulfites
Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).		2.4320divalent inorganic anion;
sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion
thymine
[no description available]		1.9410pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		2.7530pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		2.1710isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mercaptoethanol
Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.		2.1310alkanethiol;
primary alcohol		geroprotector
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		2.1110aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
dapi
DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.		2.0510indolesfluorochrome
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		3.8830branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		2.7530nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		2.1110
hydralazine
Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		4.7730azaarene;
hydrazines;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
phthalazines		antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		2.0610one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
entinostat
[no description available]		2.0610benzamides;
carbamate ester;
primary amino compound;
pyridines;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
procainamide
Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		2.0210benzamidesanti-arrhythmia drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker
procaine
Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.		4.4920benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		2.2110naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
scriptaid
scriptide: provokes translocation of GLUT4 to increase glucose uptake; structure in first source		2.0810isoquinolines
vorinostat
Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).		3.1550dicarboxylic acid diamide;
hydroxamic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		2.1110aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
thymidine
[no description available]		2.0410pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide
4-nitroquinoline N-oxide : A quinoline N-oxide carrying a nitro substituent at position 4.		2.1110C-nitro compound;
quinoline N-oxide		carcinogenic agent
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		2.1110C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
uridine
[no description available]		3.1150uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
uridine monophosphate
Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.		2.0410pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
uridine diphosphate
Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.		2.0410pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		2.5220pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.0710amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
methylene blue
Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.		2.1110organic chloride saltacid-base indicator;
antidepressant;
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
neuroprotective agent;
physical tracer
uridine triphosphate
Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		2.0410pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cytidine
[no description available]		10.431950cytidinesEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytarabine
[no description available]		2.6930beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		3.5980erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		2.0210arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		2.0810pyrrole;
secondary amine
catechin
Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.		2.9640catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		2.1710azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
5-fluorouridine
[no description available]		2.110organofluorine compound;
uridines		mutagen
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		7.63410N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
2-aminopurine
2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).. aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.. 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.		2.54202-aminopurines;
nucleobase analogue		antimetabolite
limestone
Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.		2.2110calcium salt;
carbonate salt;
inorganic calcium salt;
one-carbon compound		antacid;
fertilizer;
food colouring;
food firming agent
kainic acid
Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.		2.0810dicarboxylic acid;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid		antinematodal drug;
excitatory amino acid agonist
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		2.110acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		2.1110cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		3.6990pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxycytidine monophosphate
Deoxycytidine Monophosphate: Deoxycytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A deoxycytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety in the 2'-,3'- or 5- positions.. 2'-deoxycytosine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.		2.04102'-deoxycytidine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
vancomycin
Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.		2.1110glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
5-fluorocytidine
5-fluorocytidine: isolated from DNA of Escherichia coli grown in presence of 5-fluorouracil; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710cytidines;
organofluorine compound
fucose
Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.		2.0510fucopyranose;
L-fucose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
5-azacytosine
5-azacytosine: structure given in first source. 5-azacytosine : A monoamino-1,3,5-triazine that is cytosine in which the aromatic CH at position 5 is replaced by a nitrogen.		2.0510monoamino-1,3,5-triazine
2,6-diaminopurine
9H-purine-2,6-diamine : A member of the class of 2,6-diaminopurines that is 9H-purine in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by amino groups.		2.17102,6-diaminopurines;
primary amino compound		antineoplastic agent
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		2.4920glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		2.1101-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		2.8930organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		2.5520adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
5-methylcytosine
5-Methylcytosine: A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.. 5-methylcytosine : A pyrimidine that is a derivative of cytosine, having a methyl group at the 5-position.		2.520methylcytosine;
pyrimidines		human metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate
epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.		2.9640flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
phosphoramidic acid
phosphoramidic acid: urease inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; do not confuse with phosphoramidites, which are organophosphorus compounds		2.0410phosphoric acid derivative
nebularine
nebularine: structure. nebularine : A purine ribonucleoside that is 9H-purine attached to a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue at position 9 via a glycosidic (N-glycosyl) linkage.		2.3720purine ribonucleoside;
purines D-ribonucleoside		fungal metabolite
3-deazaneplanocin
3-deazaneplanocin: S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase antagonist		2.2510
5,6-dihydrouridine
dihydrouridine : The uridine derivative obtained by formal hydrogenation of the endocyclic double bond in the uracil ring.		1.9710uridinesbiomarker
2'-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine
[no description available]		2.0410
hydrogen sulfite
[no description available]		2.0210sulfur oxoanionhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine
[no description available]		2.0610
methotrexate
[no description available]		2.110dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
5-methyl-2-pyrimidinone
5-methyl-2-pyrimidinone: structure given in first source		2.0610
5-fluoropyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside
[no description available]		2.940
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.		2.0510inorganic chloride;
lithium salt		antimanic drug;
geroprotector
s-adenosylhomocysteine
S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine.		2.0810adenosines;
amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine derivative;
homocysteines;
organic sulfide		cofactor;
EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor;
epitope;
fundamental metabolite
glycogen
glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.		2.1710
5-methyldeoxycytidine
[no description available]		2.44202'-deoxycytidine
trichostatin a
trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES		4.97110antibiotic antifungal agent;
hydroxamic acid;
trichostatin		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		3.0140retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		2.4920benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
decitabine
[no description available]		6.813002'-deoxyribonucleoside
2'-c-methylcytidine
2'-C-methylcytidine: structure in first source		2.0410
5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine
5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine: structure		2.0210
rg108
RG108: DNA methyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source		3.6990indolyl carboxylic acid
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		2.1102-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
psammaplin a
psammaplin A: isolated from marine sponges Poecillastra and Jaspis; structure in second source		2.0710
dizocilpine maleate
Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.		2.110maleate salt;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
hygromycin a
hygromycin A: a cinnamide derivative produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus; structure differs from HYGROMYCIN B		2.0110hydroxycinnamic acidmetabolite
psi 6130
2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine: PSI-6130 is the (beta-D)-isomer; has antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus; structure in first source		2.0410
tanespimycin
CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A		2.05101,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
Hsp90 inhibitor
(3S,6S,9S,12R)-3-[(2S)-Butan-2-yl]-6-[(1-methoxyindol-3-yl)methyl]-9-(6-oxooctyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazabicyclo[10.4.0]hexadecane-2,5,8,11-tetrone
[no description available]		2.0610oligopeptide
brostallicin
brostallicin: alkylates DNA in the presence of cellular thiols; structure in first source		2.0810
panobinostat
Panobinostat: An indole and hydroxamic acid derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used as an antineoplastic agent in combination with BORTEZOMIB and DEXAMETHASONE for the treatment of MULTIPLE MYELOMA.. panobinostat : A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-3-[4-({[2-(2-methylindol-3-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor used (as its lactate salt) in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma.		2.0610cinnamamides;
hydroxamic acid;
methylindole;
secondary amino compound		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
n-acetylmannosamine
N-acetylmannosamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. N-acetylmannosamine : Any mannosamine carrying an N-acetyl substituent		2.0810
tetrahydrouridine
Tetrahydrouridine: An inhibitor of nucleotide metabolism.		2.4320
neopeltolide
neopeltolide: a macrolide from a lithistid sponge of the family Neopeltidae; structure in first source		2.1510
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		2.0410
anticodon
Anticodon: The sequential set of three nucleotides in TRANSFER RNA that interacts with its complement in MESSENGER RNA, the CODON, during translation in the ribosome.		2.1710
hygromycin b
[no description available]		2.0110
s-adenosylmethionine
(R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.		2.0810organic cation;
sulfonium compound		coenzyme;
cofactor;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
bix 01294
BIX 01294: structure in first source		2.1710
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		2.1110
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		2.4720
kiss1 protein, human
Kisspeptins: Intercellular signaling peptides that were originally characterized by their ability to suppress NEOPLASM METASTASIS. Kisspeptins have since been found to play an important role in the neuroendocrine regulation of REPRODUCTION.		2.2510
cyclin d1
Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.		2.0310
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor		2.0710
lutetium lu 177 dotatate
177Lu-DOTA-octreotate: an somatostatin receptor agonist		2.110
hypoxanthine
[no description available]		2.1510nucleobase analogue;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		fundamental metabolite
inosine
[no description available]		2.1710inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		2.0810folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate
2'-3'-cGAMP : A cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclised via 3',5'- and 2',5'-linkages respectively.		2.3110adenyl ribonucleotide;
cyclic purine dinucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide
metallothionein
Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.		2.1110
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.		3.0950
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		02.420
Leukemia P388
An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.		01.9710
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		04.07110
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		03.5470
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		04.07110
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		03.5470
Autism-Dementia-Ataxia-Loss of Purposeful Hand Use Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0610
Rett Syndrome
An inherited neurological developmental disorder that is associated with X-LINKED INHERITANCE and may be lethal in utero to hemizygous males. The affected female is normal until the age of 6-25 months when progressive loss of voluntary control of hand movements and communication skills; ATAXIA; SEIZURES; autistic behavior; intermittent HYPERVENTILATION; and HYPERAMMONEMIA appear. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p199)		02.0610
Metastase
[description not available]		02.5920
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		07.12140
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		02.5920
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		07.12140
Apoplexy
[description not available]		02.4110
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		04.17110
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		04.17110
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		02.4110
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		02.4110
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		02.4110
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		03.4620
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		02.5720
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		04.09110
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		04.09110
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		04.0290
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		04.0290
Nephritis
Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.		04.0290
Ureteral Obstruction
Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.		04.0290
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		04.0290
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		04.0290
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
[description not available]		02.610
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.		02.610
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		02.5220
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		02.5220
Uveitis
Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.2110
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		02.4920
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		03.1950
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		03.1950
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		02.5820
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		03.2960
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		03.2960
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		02.5120
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		02.5120
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.9430
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.9430
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		02.7630
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic
[description not available]		02.3110
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal
Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.		02.3110
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		02.5420
Mesothelioma
A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.1710
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		02.2110
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		02.2110
Adenoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		02.520
Cancer of Pituitary
[description not available]		02.7830
Adenoma
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		02.520
Pituitary Neoplasms
Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.		02.7830
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		03.1850
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		03.1850
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		02.9740
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		02.9740
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood
[description not available]		02.0810
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		02.0810
Absence Status
[description not available]		02.0810
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe
A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).		02.0810
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		02.0810
Status Epilepticus
A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)		02.0810
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
[description not available]		02.7630
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.		02.7630
Carcinogenesis
The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.		02.4920
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.7730
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		03.1750
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.7330
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		02.7730
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		03.1750
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		02.4620
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		02.7430
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		02.7330
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		02.4620
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		02.7330
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		02.110
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		02.110
Amnesia-Memory Loss
[description not available]		02.5120
Amnesia
Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)		02.5120
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		02.7530
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.9840
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		02.7530
Ache
[description not available]		02.110
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.7530
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		02.7530
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		02.110
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		02.5220
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		02.110
B-Cell Leukemia
[description not available]		02.110
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell
[description not available]		02.4920
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		02.110
Leukemia, T-Cell
A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.		02.4920
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.1110
Bile Duct Cancer
[description not available]		02.1110
Bile Duct Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.		02.1110
Cholangiocarcinoma
A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.		02.1110
Ambiguous Genitalia
[description not available]		02.1110
Disorders of Sex Development
In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included.		02.1110
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.1110
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction
[description not available]		02.1110
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.		02.1110
Brain Infarction
Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.		02.1110
Neutropenia
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.		02.1510
Chromosomal Translocation
[description not available]		02.7730
Chromosome Deletion
Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.		02.1310
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.520
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.520
Cocaine Abuse
[description not available]		02.1510
Cocaine-Related Disorders
Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.		02.1510
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		02.520
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		02.520
Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.1510
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed
[description not available]		02.1510
Medulloblastoma
A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)		02.1510
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		02.0510
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		02.4620
Cancer of Intestines
[description not available]		02.0410
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		02.4620
Intestinal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.		02.0410
Birth Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.9710
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.9710
Marasmus
[description not available]		02.9710
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		02.9710
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses.		02.9710
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		02.0510
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		02.4720
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		02.0510
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		02.4720
Leukemia, Lymphoblastic, Acute, T Cell
[description not available]		02.0510
Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and young adults and characterized LYMPHADENOPATHY and THYMUS GLAND involvement. It most frequently presents as a lymphoma, but a leukemic progression in the bone marrow is common.		02.0510
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.		02.0610
Cancer of Nasopharynx
[description not available]		02.0610
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.		02.0610
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.0510
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		02.0510
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		02.4820
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.		02.4820
Capsule Opacification
Clouding or loss of transparency of the posterior lens capsule, usually following CATARACT extraction.		02.4720
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0710
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		02.0710
Cataract, Membranous
[description not available]		02.0710
Cataract
Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0710
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		02.0810
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		02.0810
Cancer of the Thyroid
[description not available]		02.0810
Thyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.		02.0810
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		02.9440
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		02.9440
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.		02.0110
Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell
An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of varying combinations of clear and hobnail-shaped tumor cells. There are three predominant patterns described as tubulocystic, solid, and papillary. These tumors, usually located in the female reproductive organs, have been seen more frequently in young women since 1970 as a result of the association with intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed)		02.0210
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		02.0210
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		02.0210
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.		02.4320
T-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.0310
Lymphoma, T-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.		02.0310
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.0310
African Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.0310
Burkitt Lymphoma
A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.		02.0310
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		02.0310
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		02.0310
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		02.0310
Experimental Leukemia
[description not available]		02.0510