2-Aminoadipic Acid: A metabolite in the principal biochemical pathway of lysine. It antagonizes neuroexcitatory activity modulated by the glutamate receptor, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; (NMDA). [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
2-aminoadipic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is adipic acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. An intermediate in the formation of lysine. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 469 |
| CHEMBL ID | 433238 |
| CHEBI ID | 37024 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 41328 |
| MeSH ID | M0023188 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| alpha-aminoadipic acid |
| NSC46994 , |
| 2-aminoadipate |
| nsc-46994 |
| hexanedioic acid, 2-amino- |
| aminoadipic acid, alpha |
| 2-aminoadipic acid |
| .alpha.-aminoadipate |
| .alpha.-aminoadipic acid |
| CHEBI:37024 , |
| dl-2-aminohexanedioic acid |
| 2-aminohexanedioic acid |
| (+/-)-2-aminoadipic acid |
| dl-alpha-aminoadipic acid |
| dl-2-aminoadipic acid , |
| aminoadipic acid |
| nsc 46994 |
| cb 1710 |
| brn 1773077 |
| einecs 208-809-2 |
| 542-32-5 |
| dl-2-aminoadipic acid, >=99% |
| A-4920 |
| D3202D09-2C52-46F4-B662-00E096B3EC6D |
| adipic acid, 2-amino- |
| CHEMBL433238 |
| AKOS000487360 |
| BMSE000429 |
| 2-amino-hexanedioic acid |
| LMFA01170098 |
| STK099993 |
| l-2-aminoadipicacid |
| 2-amino adipic acid |
| alpha-aminoadipic acid, dl- |
| 2-04-00-00913 (beilstein handbook reference) |
| unii-1k7b1oed4n |
| 1k7b1oed4n , |
| einecs 210-960-4 |
| dl-alpha-aminoadipate |
| FT-0625426 |
| FT-0627628 |
| FT-0636535 |
| aminoadipate |
| F3146-3326 |
| l-.alpha.-aminoadipic acid |
| S5442 |
| AKOS016352194 |
| l-|a-aminoadipic acid |
| AM82414 |
| SCHEMBL41328 |
| 2-aminoadipic acid, dl- |
| .alpha.-aminoadipic acid [mi] |
| 2-aminoadipic acid, (+-)- |
| (+/-)-.alpha.-aminoadipic acid |
| dl-.alpha.-aminoadipic acid |
| mfcd00063119 |
| VU0510757-1 |
| J-521626 |
| d-|a inverted exclamation mark-aminoadipic acid |
| l-alpha-aminoadipic acid;(s)-2-aminohexanedioic acid;h-homoglu-oh |
| h-dl-aad-oh |
| h-d-aad-oh |
| dl-alpha-aminoadipic acid;(rs)-2-aminohexanedioic acid;h-dl-homoglu-oh |
| d-alpha-aminoadipic acid;(r)-2-aminohexanedioic acid;h-d-homoglu-oh |
| CS-0059618 |
| HY-113328 |
| SY034135 |
| SY034127 |
| racemic alpha-aminoadipic acid |
| racemic 2-aminoadipic acid |
| DTXSID90862154 |
| Q2823204 |
| DS-13288 |
| rac ?-aminoadipic acid |
| PB47596 |
| 2-amino-adipic acid |
| 2-aminohexanedioicacid |
| EN300-86284 |
| SY062169 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "The toxic effects of DL-alpha-aminoadipic acid on retinal glial cells were examined histologically following intravitreal injection to rats or rabbits." | ( Aminoadipic acid toxic effects on retinal glial cells. Ishikawa, Y; Mine, S, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " Among related amino acids, DL-alpha-aminoadipic acid (DL-alpha-AAA), which is well known as a selective gliotoxin in the retina, is also toxic to these cells." | ( Cystine/glutamate antiporter expression in retinal Müller glial cells: implications for DL-alpha-aminoadipate toxicity. Ishita, S; Kato, S; Mawatari, K; Sugawara, K, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " The enhancement was highly synergistic because MeHg and L-Glu alone had little toxic effect in the conditions used." | ( L-glutamate enhances methylmercury toxicity by synergistically increasing oxidative stress. Amonpatumrat, S; Kanai, Y; Khunweeraphong, N; Nagamori, S; Piyachaturawat, P; Sakurai, H; Tanaka, H; Wiriyasermkul, P, 2008) | 0.35 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Lysine combined with cadaverine influenced production positively, but only at low lysine concentrations." | ( Enhancing effect of lysine combined with other compounds on cephamycin C production in Streptomyces clavuligerus. Araujo, ML; Cavallieri, AP; Leite, CA, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "This study demonstrated that different combinations of lysine with diamines or lysine with alpha-aminoadipic acid engender significant differences with respect to antibiotic volumetric production, with emphasis on the benefits observed for lysine combined with alpha-aminoadipic acid or 1,3-diaminopropane." | ( Enhancing effect of lysine combined with other compounds on cephamycin C production in Streptomyces clavuligerus. Araujo, ML; Cavallieri, AP; Leite, CA, 2013) | 0.39 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " P6C forms a complex with pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), a key vitamer of pyridoxine, thereby reducing PLP bioavailability and subsequently causing epilepsy." | ( Inherited Disorders of Lysine Metabolism: A Review. Bouchereau, J; Schiff, M, 2020) | 0.56 |
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " The animals were randomized into groups and were administered one of the following treatments: saline, PILO, saline+L-α-aminoadipic acid (L-AAA; one dosage tested), PILO+L-AAA, or PILO+L-methionine sulfoximine (three dosages tested)." | ( A sub-threshold dose of pilocarpine increases glutamine synthetase in reactive astrocytes and enhances the progression of amygdaloid-kindling epilepsy in rats. Bai, XY; Chen, XM; Deng, DP; Li, SC; Liu, YX; Pan, XH; Sun, HL; Wang, CH; Wang, CY; Zhang, XL; Zhu, W, 2016) | 0.43 |
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| mammalian metabolite | Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals. |
| Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite | A nematode metabolite produced by Caenorhabditis elegans. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| amino dicarboxylic acid | |
| non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | Any alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids. |
| dicarboxylic fatty acid | |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID1794808 | Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL). | 2014 | Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6 | A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum. |
| AID1794808 | Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL). | |||
| AID144457 | Ability to displace [3H]CPP from NMDA receptor in rat brain membrane | 1992 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-17, Volume: 35, Issue:8 | Generation of N-methyl-D-aspartate agonist and competitive antagonist pharmacophore models. Design and synthesis of phosphonoalkyl-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines as novel antagonists. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 213 (39.37) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 99 (18.30) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 97 (17.93) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 111 (20.52) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 21 (3.88) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (30.26) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 4 (0.73%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 20 (3.66%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 21 (3.85%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 501 (91.76%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| alpha-hydroxyglutarate 2-hydroxyglutarate : A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid.. 2-hydroxyglutaric acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one hydrogen alpha- to a carboxylic acid group is substituted by a hydroxy group. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid | metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 2-keto-4-methylvalerate alpha-ketoisocaproic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid.. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid (valeric acid) substituted with a keto group at C-2 and a methyl group at C-4. A metabolite that has been found to accumulate in maple syrup urine disease. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; branched-chain keto acid | algal metabolite; human metabolite |
| alpha-ketoadipic acid 2-oxoadipic acid : An oxo dicarboxylic acid that is adipic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 3.61 | 9 | 0 | oxo dicarboxylic acid | human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phosphoserine Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid; serine derivative | human metabolite |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. | 5.01 | 13 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule |
| 5-hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | hydroxytryptophan | human metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| adenine [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| adipic acid adipic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,4-dicarboxy derivative of butane. | 3.04 | 5 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid | food acidity regulator; human xenobiotic metabolite |
| ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. | 4 | 4 | 0 | azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant |
| beta-alanine [no description available] | 4.7 | 2 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid | agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter |
| cadaverine [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | alkane-alpha,omega-diamine | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound | biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent |
| carnitine [no description available] | 5.32 | 3 | 1 | amino-acid betaine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| choline [no description available] | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | cholines | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | tricarboxylic acid | antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
| chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic chlorine | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride | mouse metabolite |
| salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL). | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
| propionaldehyde propionaldehyde: may cause respiratory irritation; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. propanal : An aldehyde that consists of ethane bearing a formyl substituent. The parent of the class of propanals. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde; propanals | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| glutaric acid glutaric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glutaric acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is a linear five-carbon dicarboxylic acid. | 3.88 | 3 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid | Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite |
| glycine [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid | EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical |
| histamine [no description available] | 3.81 | 2 | 1 | aralkylamino compound; imidazoles | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| indole [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | indole; polycyclic heteroarene | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge.. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | diatomic iodine | nutrient |
| kynurenine Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group. | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | aromatic ketone; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline | human metabolite |
| pipecolic acid pipecolic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pipecolic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position C-2.. pipecolate : A piperidinecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of pipecolic acid. | 6.45 | 22 | 0 | piperidinemonocarboxylic acid | |
| pyruvaldehyde Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 2-oxo aldehyde; propanals | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound | amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6. | 2 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| oxaloacetic acid Oxaloacetic Acid: A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.. oxaloacetic acid : An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | C4-dicarboxylic acid; oxo dicarboxylic acid | geroprotector; metabolite |
| 4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion | allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite |
| pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | carboxyalkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid | fundamental metabolite |
| phosphorylethanolamine phosphorylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. O-phosphoethanolamine : The ethanolamine mono-ester of phosphoric acid, and a metabolite of phospholipid metabolism. This phosphomonoester shows strong structural similarity to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and is decreased in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brain. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | phosphoethanolamine; primary amino compound | algal metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| picolinic acid picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | pyridinemonocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; MALDI matrix material |
| pqq cofactor PQQ Cofactor: A pyrrolo-quinoline having two adjacent keto-groups at the 4 and 5 positions and three acidic carboxyl groups. It is a coenzyme of some DEHYDROGENASES.. pyrroloquinoline quinone : A pyrroloquinoline having oxo groups at the 4- and 5-positions and carboxy groups at the 2-, 7- and 9-positions. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | orthoquinones; pyrroloquinoline cofactor; tricarboxylic acid | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; water-soluble vitamin (role) |
| pteridines [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; pteridines | |
| pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal. | 4.42 | 6 | 0 | methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate | coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms). | 6.44 | 12 | 0 | hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid | cofactor; fundamental metabolite |
| quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | pyridinedicarboxylic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist |
| sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3). | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion | |
| taurine [no description available] | 3.98 | 4 | 0 | amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion | antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | primary alcohol; vitamin B1 | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | uric acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. | 3.8 | 3 | 0 | isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors. | 4.37 | 21 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | NMDA receptor antagonist |
| alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
| 2,3-piperidinedicarboxylic acid 2,3-piperidinedicarboxylic acid: effective antagonist at all three types of excitatory amino acid receptors; does not depress responses to acetylcholine or substance P | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | ||
| 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
| 1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone 1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone: a CNS depressant; structure in first source | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | ||
| ibotenic acid Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist. | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | neurotoxin |
| (alpha-carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (alpha-carboxycyclopropyl)glycine: structure given in first source; glutamate receptor agonist | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid | |
| mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | alkanethiol; primary alcohol | geroprotector |
| amitrole Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; triazoles | carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor; herbicide |
| phenytoin [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent |
| 8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline 8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline: adenosine antagonist | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane): water-soluble free-radical initiator | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | monoazo compound | |
| theophylline [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent |
| 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: glutamate antagonist in locust muscle; structure; do not confuse with L-AP4, which is the propionic acid version | 3.98 | 14 | 0 | ||
| baclofen [no description available] | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound | central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant |
| benserazide Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | carbohydrazide; catechols; primary alcohol; primary amino compound | antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor |
| propiolactone Propiolactone: Disinfectant used in vapor form to sterilize vaccines, grafts, etc. The vapor is very irritating and the liquid form is carcinogenic. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | propan-3-olide | |
| clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | clonidine; imidazoline | |
| 4-cresol 4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals. | 2 | 1 | 0 | cresol | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; uremic toxin |
| 2-amino-6-phosphonohexanoic acid 2-amino-6-phosphonohexanoic acid: RN given refers to DL-isomer | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
| 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid: (D)-isomer active as an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate excitation of central neurons; (L)-isomer inactive; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | ||
| guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound | |
| haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | phenanthridines | fluorochrome; intercalator |
| isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4. | 3.59 | 9 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid | G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid: metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist; do not confuse AP-3 used as an abbreviation for this with enhancer-binding protein AP-3 (a trans-activator) or clathrin assembly protein AP-3. 2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid : A non-proteinogenc alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; phosphonic acids | human metabolite; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist |
| pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: a glutamate uptake inhibitor | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound | |
| muscimol Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid; isoxazoles; primary amino compound | fungal metabolite; GABA agonist; oneirogen; psychotropic drug |
| nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative |
| o-phthalaldehyde o-Phthalaldehyde: A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.. phthalaldehyde : A dialdehyde in which two formyl groups are attached to adjacent carbon centres on a benzene ring. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzaldehydes; dialdehyde | epitope |
| rofecoxib [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | butenolide; sulfone | analgesic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| iodoacetic acid Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | haloacetic acid; organoiodine compound | alkylating agent |
| trigonelline trigonelline: in hydra among other organisms; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure. N-methylnicotinic acid : A pyridinium ion consisting of nicotinic acid having a methyl substituent on the pyridine nitrogen.. N-methylnicotinate : An iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid; iminium betaine | food component; human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite |
| vigabatrin [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | gamma-amino acid | anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor |
| prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic |
| lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ergoline alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound | dopamine agonist; hallucinogen; serotonergic agonist |
| thymidine [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group. | 10 | 3 | 1 | 4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope |
| pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine. | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | pilocarpine | antiglaucoma drug |
| pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
| alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. | 3.28 | 6 | 0 | alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite |
| serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid. | 6.39 | 55 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. | 3.48 | 8 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. | 10.04 | 119 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aporphine alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug |
| adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug |
| tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine | EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| n-hexanal [no description available] | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde | human urinary metabolite |
| cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| gliotoxin Gliotoxin: A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.. gliotoxin : A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi. | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | dipeptide; organic disulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; pyrazinoindole | antifungal agent; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; proteasome inhibitor |
| ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine | algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite |
| asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group. | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. | 4 | 4 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine. | 4.64 | 28 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan | antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. | 5.64 | 14 | 0 | arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; piperidines | anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug |
| penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | |
| penicillanic acid Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | penicillanic acids | |
| n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | pyrrolidin-2-ones | |
| picric acid picric acid: used as antiseptic, astringent & stimulant for epitheliazation; structure. picric acid : A C-nitro compound comprising phenol having three nitro substtituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions. | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | C-nitro compound | antiseptic drug; explosive; fixative |
| quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene | |
| 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid 2,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. isocinchomeronic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 2 and 5. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | pyridinedicarboxylic acid | |
| glyoxal [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | dialdehyde | agrochemical; allergen; pesticide; plant growth regulator |
| 3-hydroxypyridine 3-hydroxypyridine: RN given refeirs to parent cpd. 3-pyridinol : A monohydroxypyridine that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It has been detected as a thermal degradation product from the smoke of the burning leaves of Salvia divinorum, a Mexican psychoactive plant. | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxypyridine | |
| n-butylamine n-butylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. butan-1-amine : A primary aliphatic amine that is butane substituted by an amino group at position 1. | 2 | 1 | 0 | primary aliphatic amine | |
| pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | pyrrole; secondary amine | |
| piperidine [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | azacycloalkane; piperidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; secondary amine | base; catalyst; human metabolite; non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; protic solvent; reagent |
| potassium cyanide [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt | EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin |
| diazooxonorleucine Diazooxonorleucine: An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; diazo compound; ketone; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | analgesic; antibacterial agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.4.2.14 (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.2 (glutaminase) inhibitor; EC 6.3.4.2 [CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.1 [NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.2 [GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.3 (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.4 [asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.5 [carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; glutamine antagonist |
| oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | 1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| thiazoles [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| methysergide Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ergoline alkaloid | |
| citrulline citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; citrulline | Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines | agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin |
| kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose. | 4.71 | 30 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid | antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist |
| malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form. | 4.16 | 3 | 1 | dialdehyde | biomarker |
| trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound | epitope; explosive; reagent |
| lithium carbonate Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carbonate salt; lithium salt | antimanic drug |
| pentafluorobenzoic acid [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | perfluorinated compound | |
| acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary |
| homoserine homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; homoserine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| isodesmosine Isodesmosine: 2-(4-Amino-4-carboxybutyl)-1-(5-amino-5-carboxypentyl)-3,5-bis(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)pyridinium. A rare amino acid found in elastin, formed by condensation of four molecules of lysine into a pyridinium ring.. isodesmosine : A pyridinium ion obtained by formal condensation of four molecules of lysine. | 2 | 1 | 0 | lysine derivative; pyridinium ion | biomarker |
| allylglycine Allylglycine: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase and an antagonist of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | alpha-tocopherol | algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite |
| methionine sulfoximine methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine . | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | methionine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide | |
| fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye | fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium |
| sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species. | 2 | 1 | 0 | thujene | plant metabolite |
| dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol | chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent |
| buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide | EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer |
| norleucine Norleucine: An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.. L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino group at C-2. It does not occur naturally. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | 2-aminohexanoic acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
| 6-n-hydroxylaminopurine N(6)-hydroxyadenine : A member of the class of 6-aminopurinnes that is adenine in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; hydroxylamines; nucleobase analogue | mutagen; teratogenic agent |
| n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration. | 4.49 | 24 | 0 | amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound | neurotransmitter agent |
| gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental gold | |
| ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | iron molecular entity; metal sulfate | reducing agent |
| copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | metal sulfate | emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser |
| trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS. | 2.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ammonium salt; inorganic chloride | ferroptosis inhibitor |
| cysteic acid Cysteic Acid: Beta-Sulfoalanine. An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate. It occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.. cysteic acid : An amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | alanine derivative; amino sulfonic acid; carboxyalkanesulfonic acid; cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | animal metabolite |
| homocitric acid [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | tricarboxylic acid | |
| mecysteine mecysteine: RN given refers to parent cpd(L)-isomer. methyl L-cysteinate : An L-cysteinyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of L-cysteine with methanol. It is used (as the hydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | L-cysteinyl ester; primary amino compound; thiol | mucolytic |
| phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; phenyl acetates | |
| transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. | 6.4 | 54 | 0 | glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical |
| substance p [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | peptide | neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent |
| phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
| quisqualic acid Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis. | 4.37 | 21 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
| swainsonine Swainsonine: An indolizidine alkaloid from the plant Swainsona canescens that is a potent alpha-mannosidase inhibitor. Swainsonine also exhibits antimetastatic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activity.. swainsonine : An indolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant Swainsona canescens with three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 8. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | indolizidine alkaloid | antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.114 (mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; plant metabolite |
| fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| tenocyclidine tenocyclidine : A tertiary amino compound that consists of cyclohexane having piperidin-1-yl and thiophen-2-yl groups attached at position 1. A dissociative anaesthetic drug with halluccinogenic and stimulant effects. Its effects are similar to those of phencyclidine (PCP, an analogue with the thienyl group replaced by phenyl), but it is rather more potent. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary amino compound; thiophenes | central nervous system stimulant; hallucinogen; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist |
| glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | D-glucopyranose | epitope; mouse metabolite |
| aspartate-beta-hydroxamate beta-aspartylhydroxamic acid: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7. | 5.01 | 13 | 0 | cephalosporin | fungal metabolite |
| bromosuccinimide Bromosuccinimide: A brominating agent that replaces hydrogen atoms in benzylic or allylic positions. It is used in the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones and in controlled low-energy brominations. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed,). | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | dicarboximide; organobromine compound; pyrrolidinone | reagent |
| 1,7-phenanthroline [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | phenanthroline | |
| selfotel selfotel: a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist; used to treat stroke-induced impairment | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
| glutaurine glutaurine: recently deteccted hormone of parathyroid gland; structure; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. glutaurine : A dipeptide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of taurine with the gamma-carboxy group of L-glutamic acid. It was initially found in the parathyroid in 1980 and later in the brain of mammals. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; L-glutamine derivative; sulfonic acid | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; hormone; human metabolite; mammalian metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 5-fluoroorotic acid 5-fluoroorotic acid: inhibits the dietary induction of serine dehydratase. 5-fluoroorotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic that is orotic acid which is substituted by fluorine at position 5. It is used in yeast molecular genetics to detect expression of the URA3 gene, which encodes orotine-5'-monophosphate dicarboxylase. A yeast with and active URA3 gene converts 5-fluoroorotic acid to fluorodeoxyuridine, which is toxic to cells. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| penicillin n penicillin N: RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta(S*)))-isomer; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #6887 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | penicillin | |
| beta-aminoglutaric acid 3-aminoglutaric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. isoglutamic acid : A 1,5-dicarboxylic acid compound having a 3-amino substituent. It has been isolated from the extracts of the algae, Chondria armata. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; marine metabolite |
| gliclazide 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid: a gap junction inhibitor | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glutamic acid diethyl ester glutamic acid diethyl ester: glutamic acid antagonist; RN given refers to (L)-isomer | 5.31 | 18 | 0 | ||
| 2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid alpha-(methylamino)isobutyric acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is isobutyric acid in which the alpha-hydrogen has been replaced by a methylamino group. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | alanine derivative; alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound | human urinary metabolite |
| d-aspartic acid [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aspartic acid; D-alpha-amino acid | mouse metabolite |
| o-methylserine O-methylserine: RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation. O-methylserine : A serine derivative that is L-serine with a methyl group replacing the hydrogen on the hydroxy side chain. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | metabolite |
| nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration. | 3.58 | 9 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid | fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 7-aminocoumarins | fluorochrome |
| n(alpha)-acetyllysine N(alpha)-acetyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. acetyl-L-lysine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of L-lysine.. N(2)-acetyl-L-lysine : An acetyl-L-lysine where the acetyl group is located at the N(2)-posiiton. | 2 | 1 | 0 | acetyl-L-lysine; amino acid zwitterion | human metabolite |
| glutamic acid dimethyl ester glutamic acid dimethyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | glutamic acid derivative | |
| 2-methylglutamic acid 2-methylglutamic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-amino-5-hydroxyvaleric acid 2-amino-5-hydroxyvaleric acid: a specific marker of oxidized arginine and proline residues in proteins; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid | |
| s-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione : A glutathione conjugate in which the thiol hydrogen of glutathione has been replaced by a 2,4-dinitrophenyl group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | glutathione conjugate | |
| gamma-glutamylglycine gamma-glutamylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; note that tau here is used by some publishers in place of gamma and so does not mean position 20 on the carbon skeleton | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | ||
| cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | cobalt group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-: A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.. DPDPE : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is a cyclic enkephalin analogue, having D-penicillaminyl residues located at positions 2 and 5, which form the heterocycle via a disulfide bond. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | heterodetic cyclic peptide | delta-opioid receptor agonist |
| vitamin b 6 Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fluorocitrate fluorocitrate: competitve inhibitor of aconitase; effects morphology of kidney tubules in fluorocitrate poisoning; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | carbonyl compound | |
| dihydrokainate [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid | |
| anserine Anserine: A dipeptide containing BETA-ALANINE.. anserine : A dipeptide comprising of beta-alanine and 3-methyl-L-histidine units. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | beta-alanine derivative; dipeptide; zwitterion | animal metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| valerates Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | short-chain fatty acid anion; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion | plant metabolite |
| s-sulphocysteine S-sulphocysteine: residues in physiologically significant proteins treated with sulfite; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. S-sulfo-L-cysteine : An S-substituted L-cysteine where the S-substituent is specified as a sulfo group. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | organic thiosulfate; S-substituted L-cysteine | human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| gamma-glutamylaminomethylsulfonic acid [no description available] | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | ||
| 5-(2-aminoadipyl)cysteinylvaline 5-(2-aminoadipyl)cysteinylvaline: tripeptide present in fermentations of Penicillium chrysogenum; RN given refers to ((D-Val)-(S))-isomer | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
| cephamycin c cephamycin C: produced from O-carbamoyldeacetylcephalosporin in C by cell-free extracts of Streptomyces clavuligerus; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source. cephamycin C : One of three naturally occurring cephamycin antibiotics, differing from the A and B forms in its carbamoyloxymethyl substituent at C-3. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | ||
| glycerophosphoethanolamine glycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine: a membrane lipid degradation product | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | phosphoethanolamine; sn-glycerol 3-phosphates | |
| tiglic acid tiglic acid : A 2-methylbut-2-enoic acid having its double bond in trans-configuration.. 2-methylbut-2-enoic acid : A branched-chain fatty acid consisting of 2-butenoic acid having a methyl group at position 2. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 2-methylbut-2-enoic acid | plant metabolite |
| methotrexate [no description available] | 6.25 | 13 | 1 | dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines | abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent |
| pyrrolidine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ki 1769 Ki 1769: a phenethyl derivative of KRN2391; structure given in first source | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam | |
| proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| vinylglycine vinylglycine: irreversible inhibitor of aspartate aminotransferase; structure. L-vinylglycine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid with a structure in which a vinyl group is bonded to the alpha-carbon of glycine. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | glycine derivative; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | EC 4.4.1.14 (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase) inhibitor |
| saccharopine L-saccharopine : The N(6)-(1,3-dicarboxypropan-1-yl) derivative of L-lysine. | 10.51 | 12 | 0 | amino acid opine; L-lysine derivative | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| deacetylcephalosporin c deacetylcephalosporin C: RN given refers to (6R-(6alpha,7beta(R*)))-isomer. deacetylcephalosporin C : A 3-hydroxymethylcephalosporin having a (5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl)amino group at the 7-position. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 3-hydroxymethylcephalosporin | |
| allysine L-allysine : An optically active form of allysine having L-configuration. | 10.83 | 68 | 2 | allysine; amino acid zwitterion; aminoadipate semialdehyde; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 2-hydroxy-3-methylvaleric acid 2-hydroxy-3-methylvaleric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid : A branched-chain fatty acid that is 3-methylpentanoic acid carrying a hydroxy substitutent at position 2. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxy fatty acid; branched-chain fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid | |
| serine o-sulfate serine O-sulfate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. L-serine O-sulfate : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is the O-sulfo derivative of L-serine. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-sulfoamino acid | |
| delta-1-piperidine-6-carboxylic acid delta-1-piperidine-6-carboxylic acid: intermediate in Pseudomonas lysine metabolism; structure. 1-piperideine-6-carboxylic acid : A tetrahydropyridine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine having a carboxy group at the 2-position. | 3.54 | 8 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; tetrahydropyridine | mammalian metabolite |
| lysinenorleucine lysinenorleucine: RN given refers to (S)-isomer | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| alpha-amino-3-(hydroxy)-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleacetic acid alpha-amino-3-(hydroxy)-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleacetic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| homocysteic acid homocysteic acid: promotes growth in hypophysectomized rats; RN given refers to parent cpd. homocysteic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid.. L-homocysteic acid : A homocysteic acid with L-configuration. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | homocysteic acid | NMDA receptor agonist |
| organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion | |
| alpha,alpha'-diaminosuberic acid alpha,alpha'-diaminosuberic acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-aminosuberic acid 2-aminosuberic acid: RN refers to (R)-isomer | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| carbocysteine Carbocysteine: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.. S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | L-cysteine thioether; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | mucolytic |
| lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | inorganic chloride; lithium salt | antimanic drug; geroprotector |
| n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | N-acetylneuraminic acids | antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| canavanine L-canavanine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group. Although structurally related to L-arginine, it is non-proteinogenic. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite |
| elastin [no description available] | 5.12 | 8 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| diaminopimelic acid Diaminopimelic Acid: A diamino derivative of heptanedioic acid with amino groups at C-2 and C-6 and the general formula (COOH)CH(NH2)CH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)(COOH).. LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid : A 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in which both chiral centres have S configuration. It is a component of bacterial cell wall. | 3.66 | 10 | 0 | 2,6-diaminopimelic acid; amino acid zwitterion | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| theanine theanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; precursor of ethylamine; found in green tea. N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine : A N(5)-alkylglutamine where the alkyl group is ethyl. It has been isolated from green tea. | 2 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; N(5)-alkyl-L-glutamine | geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
| 7-aminocephalosporanic acid 7beta-aminocephalosporanic acid : The alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is the active nucleus for the synthesis of cephalosporins and intermediates. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion | |
| acetyl coenzyme a Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent. | 3.59 | 2 | 0 | acyl-CoA | acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite |
| arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid | Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). | 2.59 | 2 | 0 | retinol; vitamin A | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms). | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | flavin; vitamin B2 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| carbenoxolone sodium Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | triterpenoid | |
| isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | isomethyleugenol | |
| arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | vasopressin | cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen |
| pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | diphosphate ion | |
| nadp [no description available] | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | ||
| 6-oxopiperidine-2-carboxylate 6-oxopiperidine-2-carboxylic acid: associated with penicillin V from Penicillium chrysogenum; structure given in first source. 6-ketopiperidine-2-carboxylic acid : A delta-lactam that is piperidine-2-carboxylic acid substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. | 3.49 | 2 | 0 | delta-lactam; monocarboxylic acid | bacterial metabolite |
| hydroxylysine Hydroxylysine: A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid LYSINE that is present in certain collagens.. hydroxylysine : A hydroxy-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is lysine. A "closed" class.. erythro-5-hydroxy-L-lysine : A 5-hydroxylysine consisting of L-lysine having an (R)-hydroxy group at the 5-position.. 5-hydroxylysine : A hydroxylysine that is lysine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | 5-hydroxylysine; hydroxy-L-lysine | human metabolite |
| cystine [no description available] | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | ||
| homoquinolinic acid homoquinolinic acid: structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | quinoxaline derivative | |
| 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine: structure. 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine : A C-nitro compound that is phenylhydrazine substituted at the 2- and 4-positions by nitro groups. | 2 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; phenylhydrazines | reagent |
| sb 225002 [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | nitrophenol | |
| fg 9041 FG 9041: structure given in first source | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | quinoxaline derivative | |
| citramalate citramalate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. citramalate(2-) : A dicarboxylic acid dianion that is obtained by removal of a proton from both of the carboxylic acid groups of citramalic acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid dianion | human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| homoisocitric acid [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | tricarboxylic acid | |
| diethyl maleate diethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. A colourless liquid at room temperature (m.p. -10degreeC) with boiling point 220degreeC at 1 atm., it is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; maleate ester | glutathione depleting agent |
| 11-cis-retinal Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | retinal | chromophore; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone | geroprotector; human metabolite |
| zeaxanthin Zeaxanthins: Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | carotenol | antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; cofactor |
| lutein Lutein: A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.. xanthophyll : A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | carotenol | food colouring; plant metabolite |
| domoic acid domoic acid: kainic acid analog, heterocyclic amino acid from seaweed; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. domoic acid : An L-proline derivative that is L-proline substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 3 and a 6-carboxyhepta-2,4-dien-2-yl group at position 4. It is produced by the diatomic algal Pseudo-nitzschia. It is an analogue of kainic acid and a neurotoxin which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid; tricarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; hapten; marine metabolite; neuromuscular agent; neurotoxin |
| cetoleic acid cetoleic acid: RN given refers to cpd with specified locant & without isomeric designation. cetoleic acid : A docosenoic acid having a cis-double bond at position 11. | 9.41 | 1 | 1 | docosenoic acid | Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite |
| 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 4-hydroxynon-2-enal; 4-hydroxynonenal | |
| vitamin k 1 Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | phylloquinones; vitamin K | cofactor; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| l-ccg iii [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| (alpha-carboxycyclopropyl)glycine, (1r-(1alpha(s*),2alpha))-isomer [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lysophosphatidic acid lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.. lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate | |
| ag-490 [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | catechols; enamide; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; secondary carboxamide | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; STAT3 inhibitor |
| barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium | |
| sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
| cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. | 4.12 | 16 | 0 | cysteinium | fundamental metabolite |
| cgp 37849 2-amino-4-methyl-5-phosphono-3-pentenoic acid: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; CGP-40116 is the (R)-enantiomer of CGP-37849; CGP-40017 is the L-isomer | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid | animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
| dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant | anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist |
| beta-escin [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | nitroso compound; nitrosothio compound | nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| 1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane, cis-(1s,3s)-isomer [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ammonium ion derivative | |
| methionine sulfoxide methionine sulfoxide: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. L-methionine (R)-S-oxide : The (R)-oxido diastereomer of L-methionine S-oxide. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; L-methionine S-oxide | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| cystathionine Cystathionine: Sulfur-containing amino acid formed as an intermediate in the conversion of METHIONINE to CYSTEINE.. cystathionine : A modified amino acid generated by enzymic means from homocysteine and serine. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | cysteine derivative | |
| dehydrolysine [no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms. | 4.04 | 15 | 0 | ||
| veratridine Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
| delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate: (L)-isomer is the biologically active form; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate | |
| tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium (ii) tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium (II): reagent which distinguishes right- & left-handed DNA helices | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ruthenium coordination entity | fluorochrome |
| nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | organophosphate oxoanion | cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| desmosine Desmosine: A rare amino acid found in elastin, formed by condensation of four molecules of lysine into a pyridinium ring. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | aromatic amino acid | |
| sodium cyanoborohydride sodium cyanoborohydride: reagent for preparing biologically active nitroxides | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide | |
| sodium iodate sodium iodate: RN given refers to iodic acid, Na salt | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| sodium glutamate Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | monosodium glutamate | flavouring agent |
| picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fibrinopeptide a Fibrinopeptide A: Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the alpha chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin during the blood coagulation process. Each peptide chain contains 18 amino acid residues. In vivo, fibrinopeptide A is used as a marker to determine the rate of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin. | 3.59 | 1 | 1 | ||
| piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines. | 3.45 | 8 | 0 | ||
| glutarylcarnitine glutarylcarnitine: found in glutaric aciduria type 1 | 3.62 | 2 | 0 | O-acylcarnitine | |
| ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | 3.8 | 2 | 1 | ascorbic acid; vitamin C | coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5. | 3.93 | 4 | 0 | ||
| warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | |
| cysteine tryptophylquinone cysteine tryptophylquinone: cofactor of quinohemoprotein amine dehydrogenase. cysteine tryptophylquinone : An L-tryptophan derivative that is L-tryptophan-6,7-dione in which a cysteine unit is attached at position 4 via its side-chain thiol group. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | L-cysteine thioether; L-tryptophan derivative; orthoquinones | |
| neurostatin neurostatin: from rat and bovine brain extracts; inhibits proliferation of cultured astrocytes | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| digitonin Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| levoleucovorin Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid | antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient |
| neopterin [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pteroic acid pteroic acid: structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | pteroic acid | |
| ici 198583 ICI 198583: RN & structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| molybdenum cofactor molybdenum cofactor: also see records for molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide and molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide. MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor(2-) : An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor.. MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor : An Mo-molybdopterin cofactor in which the coordinated molybdenum species is MoO2. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | Mo-molybdopterin cofactor; organophosphate oxoanion | |
| eye [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| d-jnki-1 D-JNKI-1: a synthetic, cell permeable peptide that blocks the MAPK-JNK signal pathway; has potential therapeutic value for long-term protection of both the morphological integrity and physiological function of the organ of Corti during times of oxidative stress | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Retrolental Fibroplasia [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinopathy of Prematurity A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Atherogenesis [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available] | 0 | 4.7 | 9 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY. | 0 | 4.7 | 9 | 0 |
| Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA. | 0 | 3.33 | 1 | 0 |
| Anasarca [description not available] | 0 | 2.82 | 3 | 0 |
| Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. | 0 | 2.82 | 3 | 0 |
| HIV Coinfection [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. | 0 | 2.72 | 2 | 0 |
| HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders. | 0 | 3.23 | 5 | 0 |
| Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 3.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY). | 0 | 7.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Adolescent Obesity [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Insulin Sensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS. | 0 | 7.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time. | 0 | 4.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Connective Tissue Diseases A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides. | 0 | 3.8 | 2 | 0 |
| Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders, Inborn [description not available] | 0 | 5.52 | 16 | 0 |
| Acquired Metabolic Diseases, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 3.76 | 3 | 0 |
| Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 4.55 | 23 | 0 |
| Aura [description not available] | 0 | 7.61 | 22 | 0 |
| Diseases, Metabolic [description not available] | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Familial [description not available] | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313) | 0 | 7.61 | 22 | 0 |
| Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed) | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency Diseases A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available] | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Brain Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57) | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Neovascularization, Optic Disc [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinal Neovascularization Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Grippe [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Nerve Pain [description not available] | 0 | 4.11 | 5 | 0 |
| Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve. | 0 | 4.11 | 5 | 0 |
| Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 3 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death. | 0 | 2.86 | 3 | 0 |
| Atrophy, Muscular, Peroneal [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted most often as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by progressive distal wasting and loss of reflexes in the muscles of the legs (and occasionally involving the arms). Onset is usually in the second to fourth decade of life. This condition has been divided into two subtypes, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) types I and II. HMSN I is associated with abnormal nerve conduction velocities and nerve hypertrophy, features not seen in HMSN II. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343) | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Lesion of Sciatic Nerve [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| BH4 Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Phenylketonurias A group of autosomal recessive disorders marked by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE or less frequently by reduced activity of DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (i.e., atypical phenylketonuria). Classical phenylketonuria is caused by a severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and presents in infancy with developmental delay; SEIZURES; skin HYPOPIGMENTATION; ECZEMA; and demyelination in the central nervous system. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p952). | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes. | 0 | 2.53 | 2 | 0 |
| Absence Seizure [description not available] | 0 | 4.86 | 13 | 0 |
| Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder. | 0 | 4.86 | 13 | 0 |
| Depression, Endogenous [description not available] | 0 | 2.53 | 2 | 0 |
| Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent. | 0 | 2.53 | 2 | 0 |
| Endotoxin Shock [description not available] | 0 | 3.59 | 1 | 1 |
| Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status. | 0 | 3.59 | 1 | 1 |
| Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available] | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways. | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Parkinsonian Disorders A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Failure [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION). | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. | 0 | 3.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Allodynia [description not available] | 0 | 4.24 | 6 | 0 |
| Disease Resistance The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Metal Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available] | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| Metal Metabolism, Inborn Errors Dysfunctions in the metabolism of metals resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero. | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Pain, Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Absence Status [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Status Epilepticus A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30) | 0 | 3.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Candida Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Astrocytosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.79 | 3 | 0 |
| Complex Regional Pain Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Segond Fracture [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Complex Regional Pain Syndromes Conditions characterized by pain involving an extremity or other body region, HYPERESTHESIA, and localized autonomic dysfunction following injury to soft tissue or nerve. The pain is usually associated with ERYTHEMA; SKIN TEMPERATURE changes, abnormal sudomotor activity (i.e., changes in sweating due to altered sympathetic innervation) or edema. The degree of pain and other manifestations is out of proportion to that expected from the inciting event. Two subtypes of this condition have been described: type I; (REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY) and type II; (CAUSALGIA). (From Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33) | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat. | 0 | 9.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Pigmentary Retinopathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Retinitis Pigmentosa Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the retina due to death of ROD PHOTORECEPTORS initially and subsequent death of CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It is characterized by deposition of pigment in the retina. | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Glaucoma, Suspect [description not available] | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| Ocular Hypertension A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma. | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Disease Exacerbation [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Axonotmesis [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Trauma, Nervous System Traumatic injuries to the brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, or neuromuscular system, including iatrogenic injuries induced by surgical procedures. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Necatoriasis Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus NECATOR. The resulting anemia from this condition is less severe than that from ANCYLOSTOMIASIS. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye. | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE. | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Vasculitis, Retinal [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinal Vasculitis Inflammation of the retinal vasculature with various causes including infectious disease; LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; BEHCET SYNDROME; and CHORIORETINITIS. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Pancreatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Ache [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Pancreatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325) | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed) | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Lactic Acidosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Acidosis, Lactic Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Preterm Birth [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION). | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Diathesis [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Child Development Deviations [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Developmental Disabilities Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed) | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Alloxan Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Polyarthritis [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course. | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS. | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Bronchial Hyperreactivity Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION). | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Blood Poisoning [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK. | 0 | 7.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Glial Cell Tumors [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21) | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available] | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
| Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero. | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
| Absence Seizure Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Mental [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Cold Fingers, Hereditary [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Epilepsy, Absence A seizure disorder usually occurring in childhood characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Intellectual Disability Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28) | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Raynaud Disease An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Infant, Newborn, Diseases Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Cystic Kidney Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Facial Asymmetry Congenital or acquired asymmetry of the face. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Factor II [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Icterus [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Decreased Muscle Tone [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Symptom Cluster [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues. | 0 | 3.76 | 2 | 1 |
| Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Kidney Diseases, Cystic A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilaterally (KIDNEY, CYSTIC). | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Equine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Plant Poisoning Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Teeth, Unerupted [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemorrhagic Disease of Newborn Neonatal nasogastric or intracranial hemorrhage caused by vitamin K deficiency. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Folic Acid [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Folic Acid Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia L 1210 [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Aprosodia [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Brain Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Abdominal Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Epilepsies, Partial Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.06 | 3 | 1 |
| Glomerulonephritis, Lupus [description not available] | 0 | 3.78 | 2 | 1 |
| Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides. | 0 | 4.06 | 3 | 1 |
| Lupus Nephritis Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982). | 0 | 3.78 | 2 | 1 |
| Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES. | 0 | 3.78 | 2 | 1 |
| Chronic Illness [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia with Myopathy [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Acetonemia [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Brittle Bone Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Rachitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Vitamin D [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteogenesis Imperfecta COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Vitamin D Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Ankylosing Spondylarthritis [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Spondylitis, Ankylosing A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Pyridoxine [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Bacterial Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Ductus Arteriosus, Patent A congenital heart defect characterized by the persistent opening of fetal DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS that connects the PULMONARY ARTERY to the descending aorta (AORTA, DESCENDING) allowing unoxygenated blood to bypass the lung and flow to the PLACENTA. Normally, the ductus is closed shortly after birth. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Neuroretinitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinitis Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis). | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Pyrexia [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebro-Hepato-Renal Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Zellweger Syndrome An autosomal recessive disorder due to defects in PEROXISOME biogenesis which involves more than 13 genes encoding peroxin proteins of the peroxisomal membrane and matrix. Zellweger syndrome is typically seen in the neonatal period with features such as dysmorphic skull; MUSCLE HYPOTONIA; SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; visual compromise; SEIZURES; progressive degeneration of the KIDNEYS and the LIVER. Zellweger-like syndrome refers to phenotypes resembling the neonatal Zellweger syndrome but seen in children or adults with apparently intact peroxisome biogenesis. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Medulloblastoma A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1) | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |