tretinoin

Research Excerpts

Overview

Alitretinoin is a unique retinoid authorised for the treatment of adults with severe chronic hand eczema (CHE) refractory to potent topical steroids. Tretino in (TRE) is a widely used retinoids for the topical treatment of acne, psoriasis, skin cancer and photoaging.

Effects

Alitretinoin has a similar pharmacology action to acitretin, but much shorter half-life (only four weeks), making it a far much more attractive option. Tretino in cream has an excellent safety record; a local cutaneous hypervitaminosis A reaction is the only common problem. IsotretinoIN, however, has a profound inhibitory effect on sebaceous gland size and function.

Tretinoin has been the backbone of APL therapy since the late 1990s and is only available as a liquid filled capsule. Alitretino in has a similar pharmacology action to acitretin, but much shorter half-life (only four weeks), making it a far much more attractive option for women of childbearing age.

Actions

Tretinoin is known to increase the percutaneous absorption of minoxidil and, therefore, to enhance the response of AGA to minoxIDil. As t retinoin can cause skin irritation, the herbal extract can be a better alternative treatment.

Treatment

Tretinoin treatment significantly lowered skin resistance and elastance, which is a result that indicates higher distensibility of the skin. T retinoin-treated forearms showed significantly greater improvement in roughness, mottled hyperpigmentation, fine wrinkling, and lentigines at 24 and 48 weeks.

Toxicity

Most of adverse events to adapalene and many on tretinoin group were related to skin irritation, dry skin, scaling, pruritus, burning, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. There were no more adverse events with CT gel than with t retinoin gel.

Pharmacokinetics

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for all-trans-retinoic acid (tretinoin) was developed to provide a coherent description of t retinoin absorption, distribution metabolism, and excretion across species and routes of administration. The harmonic mean appar. time, maximum plasma concentration (C(max), time to maximum plasma concentrations (t(max)), elimination half-life (t1/2), total systemic clearance (CL/F) and volume of distribution (Vd/F)] were determined.

Compound-Compound Interactions

No study has investigated the pathophysiological changes of the skin of acne patients. Intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs combined with tretinoin injection can significantly improve the clinical efficacy of patients with Coats disease and improve visual acuity and centra.

Bioavailability

The absolute bioavailability and first pass metabolism of isotretinoin by the gut contents, gut wall, and liver of the dog were assessed with a sensitive and specific high performance liquid chromatographic analytical method and a recently published pharmacokinetic model. The relative bioavailability (AUC) of isot retinoin was found to be approximately 1.

Dosage Studied

Ten patients with disorders of keratinization were treated with oral isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) on an investigational protocol to test the efficacy, safety, and optimal dosage schedule for using the drug in these rare disorders. Subjects received sequential doses of alit retinoin 40 mg either after fasting (treatment A) or 5 min after completion of a standard breakfast (treatment B)