Any substance that interacts with tubulin to promote polymerisation of microtubules.
ChEBI ID: 61950
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|---|---|
| cabazitaxel | A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is 10-deacetylbaccatin III having O-methyl groups attached at positions 7 and 10 as well as an O-(2R,3S)-3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoyl group attached at position 13. Acts as a microtubule inhibitor, binds tubulin and promotes microtubule assembly and simultaneously inhibits disassembly. | cabazitaxel |
| desoxyepothilone b | An epithilone that is epithilone C in which the hydrogen at position 13 of the oxacyclohexadec-13-ene-2,6-dione macrocycle has been replaced by a methyl group. | epothilone D |
| epothilone a | An epithilone that is epothilone C in which the double bond in the macrocyclic lactone ring has been oxidised to the corresponding epoxide (the 13R,14S diastereoisomer). | epothilone A |
| epothilone b | An epithilone that is epithilone D in which the double bond in the macrocyclic ring has been oxidised to the corresponding epoxide (the S,S stereoisomer). | epothilone B |
| laulimalide | A macrolide with formula C30H42O7 that is isolated from the marine sponges, Cacospongia mycofijiensis and Hyattella sp. | laulimalide |
| paclitaxel | A tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated originally from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. It is a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy. Note that the use of the former generic name 'taxol' is now limited, as Taxol is a registered trade mark. | paclitaxel |
| tilivalline | A pyrrolobenzodiazepine that is (11aS)-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine substituted by an oxo group at position 5, by a hydroxy group at position 9, and by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 11S. It is a natural product discovered in Klebsiella oxytoca which is the causative toxin in antibiotic associated hemorrhagic colitis. It exhibits a microtubule-stabilizing activity that leads to mitotic arrest in the host cells. | tilivalline |
| Timeframe | Studies, Drugs with This Role(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 337 (1.06) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 3,733 (11.71) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 10,238 (32.12) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 13,214 (41.46) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 4,351 (13.65) | 2.80 |
| Publication Type | Studies, Drugs with this Role (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 5,982 (17.66%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 3,172 (9.36%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 2,261 (6.68%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 164 (0.48%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 22,292 (65.81%) | 84.16% |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 67.9K protein | Vaccinia virus | Potency | 20.9752 | 2 | 3 |
| AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0256 | 3 | 5 |
| Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0129 | 2 | 4 |
| Chain A, Beta-lactamase | Escherichia coli K-12 | Potency | 12.5893 | 2 | 2 |
| cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.3096 | 1 | 1 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.8648 | 4 | 5 |
| EWS/FLI fusion protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.2396 | 2 | 2 |
| Fumarate hydratase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.2576 | 1 | 1 |
| geminin | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 2.3957 | 2 | 5 |
| glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens] | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.1413 | 1 | 1 |
| IDH1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0073 | 1 | 1 |
| Interferon beta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0104 | 1 | 9 |
| lamin isoform A-delta10 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.2239 | 1 | 1 |
| Luciferase | Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly) | Potency | 8.4921 | 1 | 1 |
| NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.5481 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 6.2560 | 1 | 2 |
| peripheral myelin protein 22 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 0.1929 | 2 | 3 |
| peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.1838 | 1 | 1 |
| peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 44.6684 | 1 | 1 |
| phosphopantetheinyl transferase | Bacillus subtilis | Potency | 50.1187 | 1 | 1 |
| polyprotein | Zika virus | Potency | 5.2576 | 1 | 1 |
| PPM1D protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0104 | 1 | 6 |
| pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 8.4590 | 2 | 3 |
| pregnane X receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 3.5481 | 1 | 1 |
| retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0050 | 1 | 1 |
| TDP1 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.0814 | 2 | 7 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 0.0695 | 2 | 4 |
| vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0178 | 1 | 1 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 kDa chaperonin | Escherichia coli | IC50 | 85.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| 10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| 60 kDa chaperonin | Escherichia coli K-12 | IC50 | 250.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| 60 kDa chaperonin | Escherichia coli | IC50 | 85.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| 60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 | Homo sapiens (human) | GI50 | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 133.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 36.6592 | 5 | 5 |
| ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | IC50 | 327.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Bcl-2-like protein 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | GI50 | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Beta-tubulin | Leishmania donovani | IC50 | 1.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Bile salt export pump | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 22.0200 | 5 | 5 |
| Botulinum neurotoxin type A | Clostridium botulinum | IC50 | 5.2000 | 1 | 1 |
| Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 133.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Cholecystokinin receptor type A | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 11.3800 | 1 | 1 |
| Cholecystokinin receptor type A | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 2.2760 | 1 | 1 |
| Delta-type opioid receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 4.2020 | 1 | 1 |
| Delta-type opioid receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 1.4810 | 1 | 1 |
| Epidermal growth factor receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Genome polyprotein | IC50 | 1.0000 | 1 | 1 | |
| Integrin alpha-V | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0340 | 1 | 1 |
| Integrin beta-3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0340 | 1 | 1 |
| Melanocortin receptor 5 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 17.1330 | 1 | 1 |
| Melanocortin receptor 5 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 16.0720 | 1 | 1 |
| Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 133.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 7.9433 | 1 | 1 |
| Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 11.1080 | 1 | 1 |
| Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 16.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.2800 | 1 | 1 |
| Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.8400 | 1 | 1 |
| Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.2600 | 1 | 1 |
| Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 1.8000 | 1 | 1 |
| Substance-K receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 6.1250 | 1 | 1 |
| Substance-K receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 2.0420 | 1 | 1 |
| Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin alpha-1A chain | Homo sapiens (human) | GI50 | 0.0053 | 3 | 3 |
| Tubulin alpha-1A chain | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0035 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin alpha-1B chain | Homo sapiens (human) | GI50 | 0.0053 | 3 | 3 |
| Tubulin alpha-1B chain | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0035 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin alpha-1C chain | Homo sapiens (human) | GI50 | 0.0053 | 3 | 3 |
| Tubulin alpha-1C chain | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0035 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin alpha-3C chain | Homo sapiens (human) | GI50 | 0.0053 | 3 | 3 |
| Tubulin alpha-3C chain | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0035 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin alpha-3E chain | Homo sapiens (human) | GI50 | 0.0053 | 3 | 3 |
| Tubulin alpha-3E chain | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0035 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin alpha-4A chain | Homo sapiens (human) | GI50 | 0.0053 | 3 | 3 |
| Tubulin alpha-4A chain | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0035 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin beta chain | Homo sapiens (human) | GI50 | 0.0053 | 3 | 3 |
| Tubulin beta chain | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0035 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin beta-1 chain | Homo sapiens (human) | GI50 | 0.0053 | 3 | 3 |
| Tubulin beta-1 chain | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0035 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin beta-2A chain | Homo sapiens (human) | GI50 | 0.0053 | 3 | 3 |
| Tubulin beta-2A chain | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0035 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin beta-2B chain | Homo sapiens (human) | GI50 | 0.0053 | 3 | 3 |
| Tubulin beta-2B chain | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0035 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin beta-3 chain | Homo sapiens (human) | GI50 | 0.0053 | 3 | 3 |
| Tubulin beta-3 chain | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0070 | 4 | 4 |
| Tubulin beta-4A chain | Homo sapiens (human) | GI50 | 0.0053 | 3 | 3 |
| Tubulin beta-4A chain | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0035 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin beta-4B chain | Homo sapiens (human) | GI50 | 0.0053 | 3 | 3 |
| Tubulin beta-4B chain | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0035 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin beta-6 chain | Homo sapiens (human) | GI50 | 0.0053 | 3 | 3 |
| Tubulin beta-6 chain | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0035 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin beta-8 chain | Homo sapiens (human) | GI50 | 0.0053 | 3 | 3 |
| Tubulin beta-8 chain | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0035 | 1 | 1 |
| Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 23.9060 | 1 | 1 |
| Tyrosine-protein kinase Mer | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 4.9000 | 1 | 1 |
| UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-6 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 139.7800 | 1 | 5 |
| UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 139.7800 | 1 | 5 |
| UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 139.7800 | 1 | 5 |
| UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B10 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 139.7800 | 1 | 5 |
| UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 139.7800 | 1 | 5 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 22.1000 | 2 | 2 |
| Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | EC50 | 0.0100 | 1 | 1 |
| Similar to alpha-tubulin isoform 1 | Bos taurus (cattle) | EC50 | 0.8300 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin alpha-1A chain | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.6305 | 2 | 2 |
| Tubulin alpha-1A chain | Sus scrofa (pig) | EC50 | 0.5200 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin alpha-1B chain | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.6305 | 2 | 2 |
| Tubulin alpha-1C chain | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.6305 | 2 | 2 |
| Tubulin alpha-3C chain | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.6305 | 2 | 2 |
| Tubulin alpha-3E chain | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.6305 | 2 | 2 |
| Tubulin alpha-4A chain | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.6305 | 2 | 2 |
| Tubulin beta chain | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.6305 | 2 | 2 |
| Tubulin beta chain | Sus scrofa (pig) | EC50 | 0.5200 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin beta-1 chain | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.6305 | 2 | 2 |
| Tubulin beta-2A chain | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.6305 | 2 | 2 |
| Tubulin beta-2B chain | Bos taurus (cattle) | EC50 | 0.8300 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin beta-2B chain | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.6305 | 2 | 2 |
| Tubulin beta-3 chain | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.6305 | 2 | 2 |
| Tubulin beta-4A chain | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.6305 | 2 | 2 |
| Tubulin beta-4B chain | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.6305 | 2 | 2 |
| Tubulin beta-6 chain | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.6305 | 2 | 2 |
| Tubulin beta-8 chain | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 0.6305 | 2 | 2 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Km | 5.7380 | 3 | 3 |
| ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Vmax | 35.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Similar to alpha-tubulin isoform 1 | Bos taurus (cattle) | Activity | 4.2000 | 1 | 2 |
| Similar to alpha-tubulin isoform 1 | Bos taurus (cattle) | ED50 | 0.7000 | 1 | 2 |
| Tubulin alpha-1A chain | Homo sapiens (human) | ED50 | 0.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin alpha-1A chain | Sus scrofa (pig) | ED50 | 0.5767 | 3 | 3 |
| Tubulin alpha-1B chain | Homo sapiens (human) | ED50 | 0.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin alpha-1C chain | Homo sapiens (human) | ED50 | 0.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin alpha-3C chain | Homo sapiens (human) | ED50 | 0.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin alpha-3E chain | Homo sapiens (human) | ED50 | 0.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin alpha-4A chain | Homo sapiens (human) | ED50 | 0.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin beta chain | Homo sapiens (human) | ED50 | 0.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin beta-1 chain | Homo sapiens (human) | ED50 | 0.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin beta-2A chain | Homo sapiens (human) | ED50 | 0.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin beta-2B chain | Bos taurus (cattle) | Activity | 4.2000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin beta-2B chain | Bos taurus (cattle) | ED50 | 0.7000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin beta-2B chain | Homo sapiens (human) | ED50 | 0.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin beta-3 chain | Homo sapiens (human) | ED50 | 0.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin beta-4A chain | Homo sapiens (human) | ED50 | 0.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin beta-4B chain | Homo sapiens (human) | ED50 | 0.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin beta-6 chain | Homo sapiens (human) | ED50 | 0.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tubulin beta-8 chain | Homo sapiens (human) | ED50 | 0.5000 | 1 | 1 |