Compounds > dynorphins
Page last updated: 2024-08-03 03:09:15

dynorphins

Description

Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters. [MeSH]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID16129685
PubMed CID25075996
CHEMBL ID405618
MeSH IDM0006908

Synonyms (41)

Synonym
dynorphin
74913-18-1
dynorphins
yggflrrxrpklkwdnq
bdbm224025
gtpl1619
dinorphin a (1-13)
1-13-dynorphin a (swine)
dynorphin a (1-13)
dynorphin (1-13)
l-lysine, l-tyrosylglycylglycyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-leucyl-l-arginyl-l-arginyl-l-isoleucyl-l-arginyl-l-prolyl-l-lysyl-l-leucyl-
dynorphin 1-13
NCGC00163681-01
NCGC00163681-02
tyr-gly-gly-phe-leu-arg-arg-ile-arg-pro-lys-leu-lys(dynorphin a(1-13)amide)
bdbm50241435
dynorphin(1-13)-oh
dynorphin a 1-13
CHEMBL405618 ,
dynorphin-(1-13)
dynorphin a1-13
dynorphin a(1-13)
72957-38-1
unii-vfc23v742z
vfc23v742z ,
porcine dynorphin a(1-13)
dynorphin a (1-13), porcine
mfcd00076366
bdbm214798
yggflrrirpklk
dynorphin a (1-13) h-tyr-gly-gly-phe-leu-arg-arg-ile-arg-pro-lys-leu-lys-oh
dynorphin 1-13 [mi]
dynorphin a 1-13 human
dyn a(1-13)-oh
1-13-dynorphin a (pig)
yggflrrxrpklk
bdbm224024
porcine dynorphin a 1-13
porcinedynorphina(1-13)
AS-76942
AKOS040763911

Protein Targets (15)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.3872AID2517
phosphopantetheinyl transferaseBacillus subtilisPotency89.1251AID1490
regulator of G-protein signaling 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.0053AID504845
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency33.5875AID588579

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.0034AID55440
Delta-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)IC500.0077AID226081; AID749871
Kappa-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)Ki0.0003AID1773070
Mu-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.0040AID749873
Kappa-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.0015AID148576; AID55440; AID65519; AID65522
Mu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.0080AID1714329
Delta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.0115AID147916; AID149887; AID150045; AID1714330; AID749872
Kappa-type opioid receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Ki0.0011AID148103; AID149137
Kappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC500.0001AID1714328
Kappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.2835AID1714328; AID1802456; AID219259
Mu-type opioid receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Ki0.0147AID147916; AID149021; AID749873

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)
Kappa-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)EC500.0829AID1773069; AID1773078
Kappa-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.0107AID148443; AID55438; AID65520
Mu-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)EC500.2138AID1275489; AID1279232
Delta-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)EC500.0186AID1275490; AID1279233
Kappa-type opioid receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)EC500.0180AID148736
Kappa-type opioid receptorHomo sapiens (human)EC500.1169AID1256748; AID1275491; AID1279234; AID1802457
Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2Homo sapiens (human)EC5013.5750AID1802708; AID1802709

Bioassays (68)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1802709PRESTO-Tango Assay from Article 10.1038/nchembio.2334: \\In silico design of novel probes for the atypical opioid receptor MRGPRX2.\\2017Nature chemical biology, 05, Volume: 13, Issue:5
ISSN: 1552-4469		In silico design of novel probes for the atypical opioid receptor MRGPRX2.
AID1802708Intracellular Calcium Mobilization Assay from Article 10.1038/nchembio.2334: \\In silico design of novel probes for the atypical opioid receptor MRGPRX2.\\2017Nature chemical biology, 05, Volume: 13, Issue:5
ISSN: 1552-4469		In silico design of novel probes for the atypical opioid receptor MRGPRX2.
AID1802457cAMP Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1074/jbc.M113.515668: \\Chemotype-selective modes of action of u00BF-opioid receptor agonists.\\2013The Journal of biological chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 288, Issue:48
ISSN: 1083-351X		Chemotype-selective modes of action of κ-opioid receptor agonists.
AID1802456Homologous Competition Assay from Article 10.1074/jbc.M113.515668: \\Chemotype-selective modes of action of u00BF-opioid receptor agonists.\\2013The Journal of biological chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 288, Issue:48
ISSN: 1083-351X		Chemotype-selective modes of action of κ-opioid receptor agonists.
AID65523Effective concentration to inhibit E203Q,D204N,D206N,E209Q KL-2 Opioid receptor kappa 1 binding to [35S]GTP-gamma-S, expressed in COS cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-06, Volume: 43, Issue:7
ISSN: 0022-2623		Isosteric replacement of acidic with neutral residues in extracellular loop-2 of the kappa-opioid receptor does not affect dynorphin A(1-13) affinity and function.
AID1773086Positive allosteric modulator activity in mouse kappa opioid receptor stably expressed in HEK293 cell membrane assessed as inhibition of forskolin induced cAMP production by measuring dyn A1-13 Emax incubated with dyn A1-13 alone measured after 30 mins by2021Journal of natural products, 08-27, Volume: 84, Issue:8
ISSN: 1520-6025		Plant-Derived Cyclotides Modulate κ-Opioid Receptor Signaling.
AID149887Binding affinity to Opioid receptor delta 1 by competitive inhibition of radioligand [3H]DPDPE using cloned receptors transiently expressed on CHO cells1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-11, Volume: 40, Issue:8
ISSN: 0022-2623		Synthesis and opioid activity of conformationally constrained dynorphin A analogues. 2. Conformational constraint in the "address" sequence.
AID149830Ratio of potency in the GPI assay (IC50) to Binding affinity (Ki) was determined against Opioid receptor kappa 11997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-11, Volume: 40, Issue:8
ISSN: 0022-2623		Synthesis and opioid activity of conformationally constrained dynorphin A analogues. 2. Conformational constraint in the "address" sequence.
AID1773069Agonist activity at mouse kappa opioid receptor stably expressed in HEK293 cell membrane assessed as beta-arrestin 2 recruitment using furimazine as a substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by ligand addition measured for 35 mins by BRET assay2021Journal of natural products, 08-27, Volume: 84, Issue:8
ISSN: 1520-6025		Plant-Derived Cyclotides Modulate κ-Opioid Receptor Signaling.
AID1275491Agonist activity at human recombinant KOR expressed in CHO cells assessed as calcium mobilization by Fluo-4 AM based fluorescence analysis2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 109ISSN: 1768-3254Synthesis of mixed MOR/KOR efficacy cyclic opioid peptide analogs with antinociceptive activity after systemic administration.
AID55440Binding constant against D216N,D217N,E218Q EL-2 Opioid receptor kappa 1 using [3H]diprenorphine as radioligand expressed in HEK cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-06, Volume: 43, Issue:7
ISSN: 0022-2623		Isosteric replacement of acidic with neutral residues in extracellular loop-2 of the kappa-opioid receptor does not affect dynorphin A(1-13) affinity and function.
AID1279234Agonist activity at human recombinant KOR expressed in CHO cells by calcium mobilization assay2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 24, Issue:7
ISSN: 1464-3391		Synthesis, biological evaluation and structural analysis of novel peripherally active morphiceptin analogs.
AID1279239Intrinsic activity at human recombinant DOR expressed in CHO cells by calcium mobilization assay relative to DPDPE2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 24, Issue:7
ISSN: 1464-3391		Synthesis, biological evaluation and structural analysis of novel peripherally active morphiceptin analogs.
AID148443Effective concentration to inhibit wild type KL-2 Opioid receptor kappa 1 binding to [35S]GTP-gamma-S, expressed in COS cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-06, Volume: 43, Issue:7
ISSN: 0022-2623		Isosteric replacement of acidic with neutral residues in extracellular loop-2 of the kappa-opioid receptor does not affect dynorphin A(1-13) affinity and function.
AID331173Ratio of Kcat to Km for ACE22008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 51, Issue:7
ISSN: 0022-2623		Development of potent and selective phosphinic peptide inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2.
AID1714329Displacement of [3H]diprenorphine from human MOR expressed in mouse NG108-15 cell membranes incubated for 2 hrs by liquid scintillation counting based radioligand competition assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-23, Volume: 59, Issue:22
ISSN: 1520-4804		Structure-Activity Relationships of [des-Arg
AID1275483Agonist activity at human recombinant DOR expressed in CHO cells assessed as calcium mobilization by Fluo-4 AM based fluorescence analysis relative to DPDPE2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 109ISSN: 1768-3254Synthesis of mixed MOR/KOR efficacy cyclic opioid peptide analogs with antinociceptive activity after systemic administration.
AID1714328Displacement of [3H]U69,593 from human KOR expressed in mouse HN9.10 cell membranes incubated for 2 hrs by liquid scintillation counting based radioligand competition assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-23, Volume: 59, Issue:22
ISSN: 1520-4804		Structure-Activity Relationships of [des-Arg
AID226073Inhibition of [3H]U-69593 binding to kappa opioid receptor of guinea pig brain homogenate1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-19, Volume: 36, Issue:6
ISSN: 0022-2623		Design and synthesis of highly potent and selective cyclic dynorphin A analogs. 2. New analogs.
AID1773070Positive allosteric modulator activity in mouse kappa opioid receptor stably expressed in HEK293 cell membrane assessed as binding affinity of dyn A1-13 to orthosteric binding site incubated with dyn A1-13 alone for 90 mins by radioligand competition bind2021Journal of natural products, 08-27, Volume: 84, Issue:8
ISSN: 1520-6025		Plant-Derived Cyclotides Modulate κ-Opioid Receptor Signaling.
AID1714330Displacement of [3H]deltorphin-II from human DOR expressed in CHO cell membranes incubated for 2 hrs by liquid scintillation counting based radioligand competition assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-23, Volume: 59, Issue:22
ISSN: 1520-4804		Structure-Activity Relationships of [des-Arg
AID148576Binding constant against wild type EL-2 Opioid receptor kappa 1 using [3H]diprenorphine as radioligand expressed in HEK cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-06, Volume: 43, Issue:7
ISSN: 0022-2623		Isosteric replacement of acidic with neutral residues in extracellular loop-2 of the kappa-opioid receptor does not affect dynorphin A(1-13) affinity and function.
AID1773078Positive allosteric modulator activity in mouse kappa opioid receptor stably expressed in HEK293 cell membrane assessed as inhibition of forskolin induced cAMP production by measuring dyn A1-13 EC50 incubated with dyn A1-13 alone measured after 30 mins by2021Journal of natural products, 08-27, Volume: 84, Issue:8
ISSN: 1520-6025		Plant-Derived Cyclotides Modulate κ-Opioid Receptor Signaling.
AID55438Effective concentration to inhibit D216,ND217N,E218Q KL-2 Opioid receptor kappa 1 binding to [35S]GTP-gamma-S, expressed in COS cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-06, Volume: 43, Issue:7
ISSN: 0022-2623		Isosteric replacement of acidic with neutral residues in extracellular loop-2 of the kappa-opioid receptor does not affect dynorphin A(1-13) affinity and function.
AID147934Relative affinity for delta and kappa opioid receptors of guinea pig brain homogenate1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-19, Volume: 36, Issue:6
ISSN: 0022-2623		Design and synthesis of highly potent and selective cyclic dynorphin A analogs. 2. New analogs.
AID226072Inhibition of [3H]PL-17 binding to mu opioid receptor of guinea pig brain homogenate1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-19, Volume: 36, Issue:6
ISSN: 0022-2623		Design and synthesis of highly potent and selective cyclic dynorphin A analogs. 2. New analogs.
AID148103The compound was tested for binding activity towards opioid receptor kappa in guinea pig brain membranes.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9
ISSN: 0022-2623		Modification of the enkephalin "message" with an artificial polycationic C-terminus.
AID1279238Intrinsic activity at human recombinant MOR expressed in CHO cells by calcium mobilization assay relative to dermorphin2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 24, Issue:7
ISSN: 1464-3391		Synthesis, biological evaluation and structural analysis of novel peripherally active morphiceptin analogs.
AID1275482Agonist activity at human recombinant MOR expressed in CHO cells assessed as calcium mobilization by Fluo-4 AM based fluorescence analysis relative to EM22016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 109ISSN: 1768-3254Synthesis of mixed MOR/KOR efficacy cyclic opioid peptide analogs with antinociceptive activity after systemic administration.
AID1279233Agonist activity at human recombinant DOR expressed in CHO cells by calcium mobilization assay2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 24, Issue:7
ISSN: 1464-3391		Synthesis, biological evaluation and structural analysis of novel peripherally active morphiceptin analogs.
AID148736Binding affinity towards k-opioid receptor k-EL-2 mutant (wild-type) expressed in HEK cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-06, Volume: 43, Issue:7
ISSN: 0022-2623		Isosteric replacement of acidic with neutral residues in extracellular loop-2 of the kappa-opioid receptor does not affect dynorphin A(1-13) affinity and function.
AID141262Binding affinity towards Mutant E203Q,D204N,D206N,E209Q Opioid receptor kappa 1 expressed in HEK cells; ND is not determined due to low expression2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-06, Volume: 43, Issue:7
ISSN: 0022-2623		Isosteric replacement of acidic with neutral residues in extracellular loop-2 of the kappa-opioid receptor does not affect dynorphin A(1-13) affinity and function.
AID226081Inhibition of delta-selective antagonist binding to opioid receptor of mouse vas dferens1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-19, Volume: 36, Issue:6
ISSN: 0022-2623		Design and synthesis of highly potent and selective cyclic dynorphin A analogs. 2. New analogs.
AID141263Binding affinity towards mutant E203Q,D204N,D206N,E209Q Opioid receptor kappa 1 EL-2 expressed in HEK cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-06, Volume: 43, Issue:7
ISSN: 0022-2623		Isosteric replacement of acidic with neutral residues in extracellular loop-2 of the kappa-opioid receptor does not affect dynorphin A(1-13) affinity and function.
AID149021The compound was tested for binding activity towards opioid receptor mu in guinea pig brain membranes.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9
ISSN: 0022-2623		Modification of the enkephalin "message" with an artificial polycationic C-terminus.
AID65519Binding constant against E203Q,D204N,D206N EL-2 Opioid receptor kappa 1 using [3H]diprenorphine as radioligand expressed in HEK cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-06, Volume: 43, Issue:7
ISSN: 0022-2623		Isosteric replacement of acidic with neutral residues in extracellular loop-2 of the kappa-opioid receptor does not affect dynorphin A(1-13) affinity and function.
AID749871Inhibition of delta opioid receptor in mouse vas deferens assessed as inhibition of electrically-stimulated muscle contraction2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 23, Issue:11
ISSN: 1464-3405		Effect of anchoring 4-anilidopiperidines to opioid peptides.
AID1256748Agonist activity at kappa-opioid receptor (unknown origin) after 90 mins by [35S]GTPgammaS binding assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-25, Volume: 58, Issue:22
ISSN: 1520-4804		Structure-Activity Relationships of the Peptide Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonist Zyklophin.
AID141259Binding affinity towards Mutant E203Q,D204N,D206N Opioid receptor kappa 1 expressed in HEK cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-06, Volume: 43, Issue:7
ISSN: 0022-2623		Isosteric replacement of acidic with neutral residues in extracellular loop-2 of the kappa-opioid receptor does not affect dynorphin A(1-13) affinity and function.
AID150045The compound was tested for binding activity towards Opioid receptor delta 1 in guinea pig brain membranes.1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9
ISSN: 0022-2623		Modification of the enkephalin "message" with an artificial polycationic C-terminus.
AID79195The compound was tested for inhibition of electrically evoked contractions in guinea pig ileum with bestatin at 10e-6 M conc; Not determined1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9
ISSN: 0022-2623		Modification of the enkephalin "message" with an artificial polycationic C-terminus.
AID65520Effective concentration to inhibit E203Q,D204N,D206N KL-2 Opioid receptor kappa 1 binding to [35S]GTP-gamma-S, expressed in COS cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-06, Volume: 43, Issue:7
ISSN: 0022-2623		Isosteric replacement of acidic with neutral residues in extracellular loop-2 of the kappa-opioid receptor does not affect dynorphin A(1-13) affinity and function.
AID65522Binding constant against E203Q,D204N,D206N,E209Q EL-2 Opioid receptor kappa 1 using [3H]diprenorphine as radioligand expressed in HEK cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-06, Volume: 43, Issue:7
ISSN: 0022-2623		Isosteric replacement of acidic with neutral residues in extracellular loop-2 of the kappa-opioid receptor does not affect dynorphin A(1-13) affinity and function.
AID219259Binding affinity towards Wild-type kappa opioid receptor expressed in HEK cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-06, Volume: 43, Issue:7
ISSN: 0022-2623		Isosteric replacement of acidic with neutral residues in extracellular loop-2 of the kappa-opioid receptor does not affect dynorphin A(1-13) affinity and function.
AID141519Relative affinity for mu and kappa opioid receptors of guinea pig brain homogenate1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-19, Volume: 36, Issue:6
ISSN: 0022-2623		Design and synthesis of highly potent and selective cyclic dynorphin A analogs. 2. New analogs.
AID749876Inhibition of mu opioid receptor in guinea pig ileum/longitudinal muscle with myenteric plexus assessed as inhibition of electrically-stimulated muscle contraction2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 23, Issue:11
ISSN: 1464-3405		Effect of anchoring 4-anilidopiperidines to opioid peptides.
AID141254Binding affinity towards Mutant D216N, D217N, E218Q Opioid receptor kappa 1 expressed in HEK cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-06, Volume: 43, Issue:7
ISSN: 0022-2623		Isosteric replacement of acidic with neutral residues in extracellular loop-2 of the kappa-opioid receptor does not affect dynorphin A(1-13) affinity and function.
AID1275490Agonist activity at human recombinant DOR expressed in CHO cells assessed as calcium mobilization by Fluo-4 AM based fluorescence analysis2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 109ISSN: 1768-3254Synthesis of mixed MOR/KOR efficacy cyclic opioid peptide analogs with antinociceptive activity after systemic administration.
AID141261Binding affinity towards Mutant E203Q, D204N, D206N, Opioid receptor kappa 1 EL-2 expressed in HEK cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-06, Volume: 43, Issue:7
ISSN: 0022-2623		Isosteric replacement of acidic with neutral residues in extracellular loop-2 of the kappa-opioid receptor does not affect dynorphin A(1-13) affinity and function.
AID149847Selectivity for kappa and mu opioid receptors of guinea pig brain and ileum respectively1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-19, Volume: 36, Issue:6
ISSN: 0022-2623		Design and synthesis of highly potent and selective cyclic dynorphin A analogs. 2. New analogs.
AID226071Inhibition of [3H]DPDPE binding to delta opioid receptor of guinea pig brain homogenate1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-19, Volume: 36, Issue:6
ISSN: 0022-2623		Design and synthesis of highly potent and selective cyclic dynorphin A analogs. 2. New analogs.
AID79187Inhibition of electrically evoked contractions in guinea pig ileum at 10e-6 M conc. with cocktail comprised of 10 uM bestatin, 10 uM captopril, 0.3 uM thiophan, and 10 mM L-leucylleucine; Not determined1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 34, Issue:9
ISSN: 0022-2623		Modification of the enkephalin "message" with an artificial polycationic C-terminus.
AID1275489Agonist activity at human recombinant MOR expressed in CHO cells assessed as calcium mobilization by Fluo-4 AM based fluorescence analysis2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 109ISSN: 1768-3254Synthesis of mixed MOR/KOR efficacy cyclic opioid peptide analogs with antinociceptive activity after systemic administration.
AID141256Binding affinity towards Mutant D216N, D217N, E218Q Opioid receptor kappa 1 EL-2 expressed in HEK cells2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-06, Volume: 43, Issue:7
ISSN: 0022-2623		Isosteric replacement of acidic with neutral residues in extracellular loop-2 of the kappa-opioid receptor does not affect dynorphin A(1-13) affinity and function.
AID79040Opioid activity in guinea pig ileum1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-11, Volume: 40, Issue:8
ISSN: 0022-2623		Synthesis and opioid activity of conformationally constrained dynorphin A analogues. 2. Conformational constraint in the "address" sequence.
AID749872Displacement of [3H]DPDPE from human delta opioid receptor expressed in mouse HN9.10 cell membranes2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 23, Issue:11
ISSN: 1464-3405		Effect of anchoring 4-anilidopiperidines to opioid peptides.
AID226076Inhibition of mu-selective antagonist binding to opioid receptor of guinea pig ileum1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-19, Volume: 36, Issue:6
ISSN: 0022-2623		Design and synthesis of highly potent and selective cyclic dynorphin A analogs. 2. New analogs.
AID147916Binding affinity to Opioid receptor mu 1 by competitive inhibition of radioligand [3H]DAMGO using cloned receptors transiently expressed on CHO cells1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-11, Volume: 40, Issue:8
ISSN: 0022-2623		Synthesis and opioid activity of conformationally constrained dynorphin A analogues. 2. Conformational constraint in the "address" sequence.
AID749873Displacement of [3H]DAMGO from rat mu opioid receptor expressed in mouse HN9.10 cell membranes2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 23, Issue:11
ISSN: 1464-3405		Effect of anchoring 4-anilidopiperidines to opioid peptides.
AID149137Binding affinity to Opioid receptor kappa 1 by competitive inhibition of radioligand [3H]diprenorphine using cloned receptors transiently expressed on CHO cells1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-11, Volume: 40, Issue:8
ISSN: 0022-2623		Synthesis and opioid activity of conformationally constrained dynorphin A analogues. 2. Conformational constraint in the "address" sequence.
AID1279232Agonist activity at human recombinant MOR expressed in CHO cells by calcium mobilization assay2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 24, Issue:7
ISSN: 1464-3391		Synthesis, biological evaluation and structural analysis of novel peripherally active morphiceptin analogs.
AID149563Ki ratio of compound on Opioid receptor kappa 1, Opioid receptor mu 1, Opioid receptor delta 1 opioid receptor; 1/3/921997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-11, Volume: 40, Issue:8
ISSN: 0022-2623		Synthesis and opioid activity of conformationally constrained dynorphin A analogues. 2. Conformational constraint in the "address" sequence.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
ISSN: 2211-1247		A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
ISSN: 1091-6490		Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1346361Human delta receptor (Opioid receptors)1998NIDA research monograph, Mar, Volume: 178ISSN: 1046-9516Standard binding and functional assays related to medications development division testing for potential cocaine and opiate narcotic treatment medications.
AID1346411Rat kappa receptor (Opioid receptors)1993Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Nov-01, Volume: 90, Issue:21
ISSN: 0027-8424		Cloning and pharmacological characterization of a rat kappa opioid receptor.
AID1346329Human kappa receptor (Opioid receptors)1998NIDA research monograph, Mar, Volume: 178ISSN: 1046-9516Standard binding and functional assays related to medications development division testing for potential cocaine and opiate narcotic treatment medications.
AID1346364Human mu receptor (Opioid receptors)1998NIDA research monograph, Mar, Volume: 178ISSN: 1046-9516Standard binding and functional assays related to medications development division testing for potential cocaine and opiate narcotic treatment medications.

Research

Studies (2,968)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-1990828 (27.90)18.7374
1990's996 (33.56)18.2507
2000's580 (19.54)29.6817
2010's431 (14.52)24.3611
2020's133 (4.48)2.80

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials28 (0.81%)5.53%
Reviews216 (6.24%)6.00%
Case Studies2 (0.06%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other3,218 (92.90%)84.16%
SubstanceStudiesClassesRolesFirst YearLast YearAverage AgeRelationship StrengthTrialspre-19901990's2000's2010'spost-2020
methadone
1
benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound		201720177.0low000010
dextropropoxyphene
1
1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoatemu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic		201720177.0low000010
substance p
1
peptideneurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent		201720177.0low000010
metazocine
1
benzazocine201720177.0low000010
codeine
1
morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic		201720177.0low000010
hydrocodone
1
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic		201720177.0low000010
morphine
1
morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic		201720177.0low000010
alpha-neoendorphin
1
201720177.0low000010
thebaine
1
morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		201720177.0low000010
levorphanol
1
morphinane alkaloid201720177.0low000010
morphine-6-glucuronide
1
morphinane alkaloid201720177.0low000010
sinomenine
1
morphinane alkaloid201720177.0low000010
6-o-monoacetylmorphine
1
morphinane alkaloid201720177.0low000010
morphine-3-glucuronide
1
morphinane alkaloid201720177.0low000010
acetylcodeine
1
201720177.0low000010
codeine-6-glucuronide
1
morphinane alkaloid201720177.0low000010
norcodeine
1
morphinane alkaloid201720177.0low000010
tan 67
1
quinolines201720177.0low000010
adl 5859
1
201720177.0low000010
cortistatin 14
1
201720177.0low000010
bam 22p
1
201720177.0medium000010
dynorphins
1
201720177.0low000010
fentanyl
2
anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic		1998201318.5low001010
enkephalin, leucine
2
peptide1993199828.5high002000
methadone
1
benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound		201720177.0low000010
dextropropoxyphene
1
1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoatemu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic		201720177.0low000010
emetine
1
isoquinoline alkaloid;
pyridoisoquinoline		antiamoebic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiviral agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
emetic;
expectorant;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor		202120213.0low000001
etonitazene
1
1998199826.0low001000
levomethadone
1
6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-oneantitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic		1998199826.0medium001000
substance p
1
peptideneurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent		201720177.0low000010
enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)-
3
heterodetic cyclic peptidedelta-opioid receptor agonist1998201614.0low001020
u 69593
4
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
diuretic;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist		1993201323.0low003010
enkephalin, ser(2), leu(5), thr(6)-
1
oligopeptide1998199826.0low001000
quadazocine
1
1998199826.0low001000
morphiceptin, n-me-phe(3)-
1
1998199826.0low001000
morphiceptin
1
oligopeptide201620168.0low000010
1-n-me-tyr(1)-7-n-me-arg-8-n-et-leunh2-dynorphin (1-8)
1
1993199331.0low001000
beta-neo-endorphin
1
1993199331.0low001000
salvinorin a
1
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organooxygen compound		metabolite;
oneirogen		2013201311.0low000010
ethylketocyclazocine
1
1993199331.0low001000
pentazocine
1
benzazocine1998199826.0low001000
enkephalin, methionine
1
pentapeptide;
peptide zwitterion		analgesic;
antineoplastic agent;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist		1993199331.0low001000
metazocine
1
benzazocine201720177.0low000010
diprenorphine
3
morphinane alkaloid1998201320.3low002010
mln 4760
1
dichlorobenzene;
L-histidine derivative;
L-leucine derivative		anti-inflammatory agent;
EC 3.4.17.23 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) inhibitor		2008200816.0low000100
buprenorphine
1
morphinane alkaloiddelta-opioid receptor antagonist;
kappa-opioid receptor antagonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic		1998199826.0low001000
u-50488
4
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-alkylpyrrolidine		analgesic;
antitussive;
calcium channel blocker;
diuretic;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist		1993202117.0low002011
dynorphin (1-11)
3
1993201621.7high002010
codeine
2
morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic		1998201716.5low001010
hydrocodone
1
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic		201720177.0low000010
nalmefene
1
morphinane alkaloid1998199826.0low001000
nalorphine
1
morphinane alkaloid1998199826.0low001000
naloxone
3
morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist		1993201621.7low002010
morphine
3
morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic		1993201721.3low002010
alpha-neoendorphin
2
1993201719.0low001010
beta-funaltrexamine
1
morphinane alkaloid1998199826.0low001000
endomorphin 1
1
oligopeptide2013201311.0low000010
endomorphin 2
1
201620168.0low000010
thebaine
1
morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		201720177.0low000010
levorphanol
1
morphinane alkaloid201720177.0low000010
dihydromorphine
1
morphinane alkaloid1998199826.0low001000
naltrexone
1
cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic		1998199826.0low001000
morphine-6-glucuronide
1
morphinane alkaloid201720177.0low000010
sinomenine
1
morphinane alkaloid201720177.0low000010
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)-
2
peptide1993199828.5low002000
6-o-monoacetylmorphine
1
morphinane alkaloid201720177.0low000010
normorphine
1
morphinane alkaloid1998199826.0low001000
norbinaltorphimine
2
isoquinolines1993199828.5low002000
morphine-3-glucuronide
1
morphinane alkaloid201720177.0low000010
acetylcodeine
1
201720177.0low000010
naltrindole benzofuran
1
morphinane alkaloid1998199826.0low001000
biphalin
1
2013201311.0low000010
codeine-6-glucuronide
1
morphinane alkaloid201720177.0low000010
naltrindole
1
isoquinolines1998199826.0low001000
naloxone benzoylhydrazone
1
1998199826.0low001000
7-benzylidenenaltrexone
1
1998199826.0medium001000
enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine
1
1998199826.0low001000
norcodeine
1
morphinane alkaloid201720177.0low000010
tan 67
1
quinolines201720177.0low000010
deltorphin ii, ala(2)-
1
peptide2013201311.0medium000010
dynorphin (1-17)
1
1998199826.0medium001000
dynorphin a (1-11)-amide
1
201620168.0low000010
adl 5859
1
201720177.0low000010
deltorphin ii, ala(2)-
1
1998199826.0medium001000
dynorphins
1
201720177.0low000010
beta-endorphin
2
1993199828.5low002000
cortistatin 14
1
201720177.0low000010
dynorphin (1-17)
1
1993199331.0medium001000
bam 22p
1
201720177.0medium000010
rimorphin
2
1993199828.5low002000
apelin-13 peptide
1
oligopeptideantihypertensive agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
biomarker;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent		2008200816.0low000100
SubstanceStudiesClassesRolesFirst YearLast YearAverage AgeRelationship StrengthTrialspre-19901990's2000's2010'spost-2020
gamma-aminobutyric acid
47
amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule		1984202325.0low010181081
5-hydroxytryptophan
1
hydroxytryptophanhuman metabolite;
neurotransmitter		1985198539.0low010000
acetic acid
3
monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent		2001201316.3low000210
acetaldehyde
1
aldehydecarcinogenic agent;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
electron acceptor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
teratogenic agent		2007200717.0low000100
adenine
1
6-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		2007200717.0low000100
agmatine
2
guanidines;
primary amino compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite		2005200718.0low000200
beta-alanine
2
amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid		agonist;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
inhibitor;
neurotransmitter		1989200726.0low010100
carbamates
1
amino-acid anion1994199430.0low001000
carbon monoxide
2
carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent		1995199927.0low002000
choline
3
cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1986199932.7low021000
chlorine
5
halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite		1985199434.4low032000
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
1
amino acid zwitterion;
monocarboxylic acid;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		ethylene releasers;
plant metabolite		1994199430.0low001000
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
14
catechols;
dihydroxyphenylacetic acid		human metabolite1987200929.2low038300
lactic acid
2
2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite		1997200722.0low001100
dimethyl sulfoxide
2
sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger		1999200024.5low002000
formaldehyde
11
aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1995201719.6low002720
formamide
1
carboximidic acid;
formamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		solvent1990199034.0low001000
glycine
9
alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical		1990202122.3low005211
glyceraldehyde
1
aldotriosefundamental metabolite1983198341.0low010000
glycerol
1
alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent		1996199628.0low001000
histamine
1
aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter		1996199628.0low001000
dihydroxyphenylalanine
2
hydroxyphenylalanine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine derivative		human metabolite1995199628.5low002000
methanol
2
alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite		1991199730.0low002000
melatonin
4
acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger		1989200427.0low012100
niacinamide
1
pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor		1994199430.0low001000
nitrites
1
monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite2001200123.0low000100
nitrous oxide
3
gas molecular entity;
nitrogen oxide		analgesic;
bacterial metabolite;
food packaging gas;
food propellant;
general anaesthetic;
greenhouse gas;
inhalation anaesthetic;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
raising agent;
refrigerant;
vasodilator agent		1995200026.3low003000
4-aminobenzoic acid
1
aminobenzoic acid;
aromatic amino-acid zwitterion		allergen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite		1987198737.0low010000
phosphorylcholine
4
phosphocholinesallergen;
epitope;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		1995199727.5low004000
propionic acid
1
saturated fatty acid;
short-chain fatty acid		antifungal drug1990199034.0low001000
spermine
1
polyazaalkane;
tetramine		antioxidant;
fundamental metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent		1999199925.0low001000
taurine
1
amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1992199232.0low001000
thiophane
1
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent;
tetrahydrothiophenes		2008200816.0low000100
thymine
1
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		2001200123.0low000100
urea
1
isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		201820186.0low000010
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate
12
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidNMDA receptor antagonist1988201426.8low028110
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate
11
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidNMDA receptor antagonist1988201426.9low027110
sk&f 81297
2
benzazepine2005201315.0low000110
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin
6
phenols;
tertiary amino compound;
tetralins		serotonergic antagonist1990201318.3low001410
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
2
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid1991199531.0low002000
sk&f 82958
3
benzazepine2001200521.3low000300
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid
3
1990200328.3low002100
ibotenic acid
6
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidneurotoxin1982200928.5low013200
sk&f-38393
17
benzazepine;
catechols;
secondary amino compound		1987201326.5low0111320
1,10-phenanthroline
2
phenanthrolineEC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor		1986198737.5low020000
pk 11195
1
aromatic amide;
isoquinolines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes		antineoplastic agent2001200123.0low000100
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine
1
monochlorobenzenes;
N-arylpiperazine		drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
serotonergic agonist;
xenobiotic		1987198737.0low010000
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
2
methylpyridines;
phenylpyridine;
tetrahydropyridine		neurotoxin2011201411.5low000020
2,2'-dipyridyl
1
bipyridinechelator;
ferroptosis inhibitor		1999199925.0low001000
3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
4
benzodioxoles1988199333.8low022000
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
5
amphetamines;
benzodioxoles		neurotoxin1988201625.6low021110
phaclofen
1
organophosphate oxoanion;
zwitterion		2003200321.0low000100
3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine
2
phenols1987199433.5low011000
4-aminopyridine
2
aminopyridine;
aromatic amine		avicide;
orphan drug;
potassium channel blocker		2009201114.0low000110
p-chloromercuribenzoic acid
1
chlorine molecular entity;
mercuribenzoic acid		1989198935.0low010000
homovanillic acid
11
guaiacols;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		1987201030.1low036200
5-fluoroindole-2-carboxylic acid
1
indolyl carboxylic acid1990199034.0low001000
hydroxyindoleacetic acid
10
indole-3-acetic acidsdrug metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		1988201428.4low026110
7-chlorokynurenic acid
4
organochlorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist		1990200227.0low003100
7-nitroindazole
2
1999199925.0low002000
tacrine
1
acridines;
aromatic amine		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor2007200717.0low000100
acetaminophen
3
acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic		2001200422.0low000300
1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid
1
2001200123.0low000100
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate
1
2001200123.0low000100
pimagedine
1
guanidines;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor		1999199925.0low001000
theophylline
1
dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent		1983198341.0low010000
amitriptyline
1
carbotricyclic compound;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
xenobiotic		2000200024.0low001000
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid
1
1989198935.0low010000
arcaine
1
guanidines2005200519.0low000100
aspirin
1
benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent		1989198935.0low010000
baclofen
2
amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant		2000200322.5low001100
barbital
1
barbituratesdrug allergen1994199430.0low001000
bay-k-8644
1
(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		1993199331.0low001000
benserazide
1
carbohydrazide;
catechols;
primary alcohol;
primary amino compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor		2012201212.0low000010
berberine
1
alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker		2013201311.0low000010
bethanechol
1
carbamate ester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscarinic agonist2002200222.0low000100
bumetanide
1
amino acid;
benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		diuretic;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor		1999199925.0low001000
bupivacaine
1
aromatic amide;
piperidinecarboxamide;
tertiary amino compound		2014201410.0low000010
caffeine
6
purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic		1996201120.5low002310
verapamil
3
aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound		1988199034.7low012000
carbamazepine
1
dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic		2002200222.0low000100
cetyltrimethylammonium ion
1
quaternary ammonium ion2000200024.0low001000
chelerythrine
1
benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
organic cation		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor		2004200420.0low000100
chlorpropamide
1
monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue		1988198836.0low010000
clomipramine
1
dibenzoazepineanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor		1992199232.0low001000
clonidine
20
clonidine;
imidazoline		1984199834.3low0911000
phenylalanyl-cyclo(cysteinyltyrosyl-tryptophyl-ornithyl-threonyl-penicillamine)threoninamide
12
1994200723.3low005700
cycloleucine
2
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidEC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor1998200124.5low001100
cyproheptadine
4
piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
gastrointestinal drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist		1987199831.0low013000
dapi
1
indolesfluorochrome2009200915.0low000100
desipramine
3
dibenzoazepine;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug allergen;
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor		1986200925.7low011100
amphetamine
26
primary amine1992201024.3low00151100
diazepam
4
1,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic		1996200625.0low003100
ddt
1
benzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant		2004200420.0low000100
p-chloroamphetamine
2
2000200521.5low001100
thiorphan
4
N-acyl-amino acid1986201230.0low021010
droperidol
1
aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound		anaesthesia adjuvant;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic		1997199727.0low001000
erythrosine
2
1988200627.0low010100
etizolam
1
organic molecular entity2006200618.0low000100
fenfluramine
4
(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
secondary amino compound		appetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor		1985200033.2low022000
fentanyl
14
anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic		1981201432.6low083210
fluphenazine
1
N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		anticoronaviral agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug		2002200222.0low000100
flumazenil
3
ethyl ester;
imidazobenzodiazepine;
organofluorine compound		antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning;
GABA antagonist		1998200223.7low001200
fluoxetine
5
(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound		1993201222.2low003110
furosemide
1
chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic		2003200321.0low000100
gabapentin
1
gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic		2002200222.0low000100
vanoxerine
4
ether;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		dopamine uptake inhibitor1990199631.8low004000
guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic acid
1
2004200420.0low000100
glyphosate
1
glycine derivative;
phosphonic acid		agrochemical;
EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
herbicide		202120213.0low000001
gr 89696
3
acetamides201420206.3low000030
guaifenesin
1
methoxybenzenes1987198737.0low010000
guanethidine
2
azocanes;
guanidines		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
sympatholytic agent		1992199331.5low002000
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine
1
isoquinolines;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor1997199727.0low001000
haloperidol
21
aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist		1981200332.5low0911100
halothane
1
haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		inhalation anaesthetic1998199826.0low001000
hexamethonium
5
quaternary ammonium salt1989199730.8low014000
hydralazine
1
azaarene;
hydrazines;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
phthalazines		antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent		1992199232.0low001000
lidocaine
7
benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic		1986200927.1low023200
ici 204448
1
monocarboxylic acid1999199925.0low001000
ifenprodil
4
piperidines1998201419.2low001210
imipramine
3
dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor		1991200029.0low003000
indomethacin
7
aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic		1985200629.4low031300
iodoacetamide
1
1986198638.0low010000
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine
3
3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine1989199134.0low012000
isoflurane
1
organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic2009200915.0low000100
2-propanol
2
secondary alcohol;
secondary fatty alcohol		protic solvent1985198738.0low020000
isradipine
1
benzoxadiazole;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester		1995199529.0low001000
ketamine
4
cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic		1985200327.5low012100
ketanserin
3
aromatic ketone;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
cardiovascular drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist		1990200329.3low002100
ketorolac
1
amino acid;
aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrrolizines;
racemate		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug		2003200321.0low000100
kynurenic acid
6
monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		G-protein-coupled receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1990200228.3low005100
lamotrigine
1
1,2,4-triazines;
dichlorobenzene;
primary arylamine		anticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
antimanic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
xenobiotic		2002200222.0low000100
letrozole
1
nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor		202020204.0low000010
levallorphan
1
1985198539.0medium010000
lorglumide
1
benzamides;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
dichlorobenzene;
glutamic acid derivative		1999199925.0low001000
mecamylamine
5
primary aliphatic amine1997201219.8low002210
memantine
1
adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		antidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist		2014201410.0low000010
methadone
4
benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound		2003201913.2low100220
methiothepin
1
aryl sulfide;
dibenzothiepine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
tertiary amino compound		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist		2000200024.0low001000
5-methylfurtrethonium
1
aralkylamine2011201113.0low000010
methylphenidate
4
beta-amino acid ester;
methyl ester;
piperidines		2003201216.2low000220
mexiletine
1
aromatic ether;
primary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug2002200222.0low000100
midazolam
3
imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative		1993201422.7low002010
molsidomine
2
ethyl ester;
morpholines;
oxadiazole;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent		2003200619.5low000200
muscimol
3
alkaloid;
isoxazoles;
primary amino compound		fungal metabolite;
GABA agonist;
oneirogen;
psychotropic drug		1982198341.3low030000
ethylmaleimide
8
maleimidesanticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor		1986201026.0low040400
clorgyline
1
aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor		1993199331.0low001000
neostigmine
2
quaternary ammonium ionantidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor		1994200922.5low001100
nicardipine
1
benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound		1992199232.0low001000
nifedipine
2
C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent		1993199530.0low002000
n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide
1
aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor		2002200222.0low000100
ondansetron
1
carbazoles2007200717.0low000100
oxidopamine
51
benzenetriol;
catecholamine;
primary amino compound		drug metabolite;
human metabolite;
neurotoxin		1985201823.3low06201690
oxotremorine
3
N-alkylpyrrolidine1990199729.7low003000
fenclonine
1
phenylalanine derivative1992199232.0low001000
pd 98059
1
aromatic amine;
monomethoxyflavone		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector		2005200519.0low000100
pentobarbital
3
barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist1988199432.3low012000
phenobarbital
2
barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative		1993200127.0low001100
oxophenylarsine
1
arsine oxidesantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor		1989198935.0low010000
pindolol
1
indoles;
secondary amine		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent		1990199034.0low001000
pirenzepine
4
pyridobenzodiazepineanti-ulcer drug;
antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist		1990199729.8low004000
potassium chloride
12
inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer1982199933.4low048000
4-aminobenzoic acid
1
aminobenzoate;
aromatic amino-acid anion		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1987198737.0low010000
probucol
1
dithioketal;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug		1994199430.0low001000
proglumide
5
benzamides;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
glutamine derivative;
racemate		anti-ulcer drug;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
cholinergic antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
drug metabolite;
gastrointestinal drug;
opioid analgesic;
xenobiotic metabolite		1985199932.4low014000
propofol
1
phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative		2011201113.0low000010
propranolol
4
naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic		1983200634.5low030100
ritanserin
1
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
thiazolopyrimidine		antidepressant;
antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist		1993199331.0low001000
rolipram
1
pyrrolidin-2-onesantidepressant;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor		2004200420.0low000100
ropinirole
1
indolones;
tertiary amine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
dopamine agonist		2008200816.0low000100
saccharin
1
1,2-benzisothiazole;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		environmental contaminant;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic		2006200618.0low000100
linsidomine
2
morpholines2003200619.5low000200
iodoacetic acid
2
haloacetic acid;
organoiodine compound		alkylating agent2011201212.5low000020
vorinostat
1
dicarboxylic acid diamide;
hydroxamic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor		2014201410.0low000010
sulpiride
6
benzamides;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfonamide		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist		1991199929.2low106000
terbutaline
1
phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent		1989198935.0low010000
tetraethylammonium
1
quaternary ammonium ion1988198836.0low010000
2,2'-thiodiethanol
1
aliphatic sulfide;
diol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite;
solvent		1996199628.0low001000
tiopronin
2
N-acyl-amino acid1986198837.0low020000
trihexyphenidyl
1
amine1995199529.0low001000
trimebutine
1
trihydroxybenzoic acid1988198836.0low010000
urethane
2
carbamate esterfungal metabolite;
mutagen		1994200126.5low001100
zinc chloride
1
inorganic chloride;
zinc molecular entity		astringent;
disinfectant;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
Lewis acid		1993199331.0low001000
corticosterone
23
11beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		1986201424.8low049640
prednisolone
1
11beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic		1989198935.0low010000
reserpine
5
alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic		1990200430.4low004100
phentolamine
5
imidazoles;
phenols;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent		1983199834.8low032000
thymidine
3
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite		1985199535.7low021000
thyroxine
2
2-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone		1983199535.0low011000
dextroamphetamine
7
1-phenylpropan-2-amineadrenergic agent;
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
dopaminergic agent;
neurotoxin;
sympathomimetic agent		1983199435.9low043000
carbachol
6
ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic		1985201129.5low023010
aldosterone
1
11beta-hydroxy steroid;
18-oxo steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid aldehyde		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		1995199529.0low001000
dehydroepiandrosterone
2
17-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		2005200917.0low000200
pilocarpine
1
pilocarpineantiglaucoma drug202220222.0low000001
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide
1
N-arylpiperazine;
organic iodide salt;
piperazinium salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist1984198440.0low010000
triiodothyronine
2
2-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone		1983199535.0low011000
biguanides
1
guanidines2005200519.0low000100
alanine
7
alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite		1989201719.3low011230
serine
2
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1992200525.5low001100
chloramphenicol
1
C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor		2000200024.0low001000
aspartic acid
10
aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter		1988200231.2low036100
glutamine
5
amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1987200329.2low013100
lysine
2
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1991201222.5low001010
physostigmine
9
carbamate ester;
indole alkaloid		antidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic		1986201130.3low026010
sucrose
3
glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent		1990200626.0low002100
tubocurarine
1
bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloiddrug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist		2011201113.0low000010
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
1
ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes		carcinogenic agent1986198638.0low010000
apomorphine
19
aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug		1986202227.6low0312211
adenosine diphosphate
2
adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite		1986200827.0low010100
bromodeoxyuridine
3
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent		2005201116.7low000210
carbostyril
2
monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite2004200718.5low000200
phenylephrine
3
phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent		1990199530.7low003000
levodopa
40
amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug		1991202017.0low10720130
tyrosine
9
amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical		1988201825.9low024120
cysteamine
1
amine;
thiol		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent		1985198539.0low010000
adenosine monophosphate
2
adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
cofactor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical		2004201614.0low000110
leucine
9
amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1985201231.1low052110
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
1
2002200222.0low000100
phenylalanine
4
amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		2001201118.8low000310
desoxycorticosterone
6
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		1990200327.5low005100
colchicine
17
alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen		1982200833.7low088100
cycloheximide
1
antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor		1996199628.0low001000
dithionitrobenzoic acid
1
nitrobenzoic acid;
organic disulfide		indicator1999199925.0low001000
histidine
1
amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1994199430.0low001000
valine
3
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1988199932.3low021000
threonine
1
amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1992199232.0low001000
tryptophan
10
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1988201128.4low026110
isoleucine
1
aspartate family amino acid;
isoleucine;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1994199430.0low001000
arginine
16
arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical		1984200628.2low0211300
acetonitrile
1
aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent		1997199727.0low001000
trifluoroethanol
1
fluoroalcohol2007200717.0low000100
trifluoroacetic acid
1
fluoroalkanoic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
reagent		1990199034.0low001000
phencyclidine
6
benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug		1984199136.3low042000
tromethamine
1
primary amino compound;
triol		buffer1995199529.0low001000
pempidine
1
piperidines1992199232.0low001000
pyocyanine
1
iminium betaine;
phenazines		antibacterial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
biological pigment;
virulence factor		2007200717.0low000100
quinoxalines
5
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene		1991200527.6low003200
2-naphthylamine
1
naphthylaminecarcinogenic agent2001200123.0low000100
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid
2
5-oxoproline;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		algal metabolite1984198738.5low020000
quinuclidines
1
quinuclidines;
saturated organic heterobicyclic parent		201920195.0low000010
phenylisothiocyanate
1
isothiocyanateallergen;
reagent		1988198836.0low010000
acrolein
1
enalherbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
toxin		2013201311.0low000010
cyclohexanol
5
cyclohexanols;
secondary alcohol		solvent1997200225.0low004100
pyrroles
1
pyrrole;
secondary amine		2011201113.0low000010
thiophenes
1
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent2008200816.0low000100
diethylenetriamine
1
polyazaalkane;
triamine		1998199826.0low001000
framycetin
1
aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite		1998199826.0low001000
meglumine
1
hexosamine;
secondary amino compound		1999199925.0low001000
pregnenolone
2
20-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
C21-steroid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		2005200917.0low000200
yohimbine
3
methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylatealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist		2013201610.0low000030
2-chloroadenosine
1
purine nucleoside1991199133.0low001000
potassium cyanide
1
cyanide salt;
one-carbon compound;
potassium salt		EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
neurotoxin		2009200915.0low000100
indazoles
2
indazole1999199925.0low002000
benzoxazoles
2
1,3-benzoxazoles;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent		2010201810.0low000110
thiazoles
1
1,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene		2010201014.0low000100
muscarine
1
monosaccharide2011201113.0low000010
hydrazine
2
azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor1987199433.5low011000
evans blue
1
organic sodium saltfluorochrome;
histological dye;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent		2002200222.0low000100
flurothyl
1
ether1986198638.0low010000
nandrolone decanoate
2
steroid ester2007200916.0low000200
citrulline
1
amino acid zwitterion;
citrulline		Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
protective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		2009200915.0low000100
nandrolone
3
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		human metabolite2000200918.7low001200
dextropropoxyphene
1
1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoatemu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic		1991199133.0low101000
bicuculline
6
benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines		agrochemical;
central nervous system stimulant;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
GABAA receptor antagonist;
neurotoxin		1991202023.8low003210
kainic acid
19
dicarboxylic acid;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid		antinematodal drug;
excitatory amino acid agonist		1983200631.9low096400
methadyl acetate
1
diarylmethane2000200024.0low001000
dihydrotestosterone
3
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		1989201716.7low010020
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol
5
methoxybenzenes;
phenols		1987200132.2low022100
methamphetamine
26
amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic		1987202326.1low0415421
aminoacetonitrile
1
2006200618.0low000100
malondialdehyde
2
dialdehydebiomarker2002202112.5low000101
lithium carbonate
1
carbonate salt;
lithium salt		antimanic drug1988198836.0low010000
4-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate
2
arenesulfonic acid;
arylmercury compound		1990199133.5low002000
clopenthixol
1
N-alkylpiperazine;
primary alcohol;
thioxanthenes		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist		1990199034.0low001000
dibutyldichlorotin
1
2010201014.0low000100
etonitazene
1
1995199529.0low001000
phenylglyoxal
1
phenylacetaldehydes1991199133.0low001000
phenazocine
9
1982199238.9low081000
d-alpha tocopherol
1
alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite		1994199430.0low001000
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate
1
2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite		1992199232.0low001000
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate
41
tertiary amine1983202215.0low02415182
dronabinol
10
benzochromene;
diterpenoid;
phytocannabinoid;
polyketide		cannabinoid receptor agonist;
epitope;
hallucinogen;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic		1996200424.3low006400
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
1
fluorescein isothiocyanate1988198836.0low010000
dithiothreitol
4
1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol;
butanediols;
dithiol;
glycol;
thiol		chelator;
human metabolite;
reducing agent		1995199927.8low004000
cyclazocine
60
1981199038.9low0582000
tranylcypromine
1
2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine2000200024.0low001000
n-methylaspartate
26
amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid;
D-aspartic acid derivative;
secondary amino compound		neurotransmitter agent1988201626.0low0218330
levodopa methyl ester
1
tyrosine derivative2012201212.0low000010
manganese
1
elemental manganese;
manganese group element atom		Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient		1999199925.0low001000
ruthenium
1
iron group element atom;
platinum group metal atom		1999199925.0low001000
argon
1
monoatomic argon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom		food packaging gas;
neuroprotective agent		1995199529.0low001000
cadmium
1
cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom		1994199430.0low001000
gold
3
copper group element atom;
elemental gold		2004201615.7low000210
cesium chloride
1
inorganic caesium salt;
inorganic chloride		phase-transfer catalyst;
vasoconstrictor agent		1988198836.0low010000
monoethylglycinexylidide
1
amino acid amidedrug metabolite1989198935.0low010000
zinc sulfate
1
metal sulfate;
zinc molecular entity		fertilizer1997199727.0low001000
barium chloride
1
barium salt;
inorganic chloride		potassium channel blocker1994199430.0low001000
trolamine salicylate
7
1985200034.7low052000
etorphine
15
1983200334.3low0104100
selegiline
1
selegiline;
terminal acetylenic compound		geroprotector1993199331.0low001000
cromolyn sodium
3
organic sodium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
drug allergen		1984201727.7low020010
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
6
acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator		1989200229.5low014100
bromocriptine
1
indole alkaloidantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
hormone antagonist		1982198242.0low010000
phenyl acetate
2
benzenes;
phenyl acetates		1990200228.0low001100
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate
1
3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
adenyl ribonucleotide;
organobromine compound		antidepressant;
protein kinase agonist		1989198935.0low010000
glutamic acid
48
glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical		1988202221.8low04181592
torpedo
1
1991199133.0low001000
sodium azide
1
inorganic sodium saltantibacterial agent;
explosive;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mutagen		2007200717.0low000100
5,7-dihydroxytryptamine
2
1993199928.0low002000
substance p
170
peptideneurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent		1983201928.2low0537028190
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate
1
butyrate ester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		1993199331.0low001000
methyldopa
1
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
hapten;
peripheral nervous system drug;
sympatholytic agent		1989198935.0low010000
vecuronium bromide
1
organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist		2014201410.0low000010
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
5
alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor1999200920.2low001400
quisqualic acid
4
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid1991200125.8low002200
sufentanil
3
anilide;
ether;
piperidines;
thiophenes		anaesthesia adjuvant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic		1989200728.7low011100
enkephalin, methionine
297
1981202231.2low413610636172
paroxetine
2
aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor		1990199432.0low102000
captopril
12
alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor		1985201530.2low055110
ciramadol
1
cyclohexanols1989198935.0low010000
pergolide
1
diamine;
methyl sulfide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist		1990199034.0low001000
colforsin
16
acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist		1989202226.7low029311
alfentanil
1
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		central nervous system depressant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug		1985198539.0low010000
fomesafen
16
aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
organofluorine compound;
phenols		agrochemical;
EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor;
herbicide		1983200632.4low094300
levocabastine
1
piperidines1988198836.0low010000
idazoxan
3
benzodioxine;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist1987200730.0low020100
quinpirole
7
pyrazoloquinolinedopamine agonist1987200130.4low015100
mifepristone
1
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive		1994199430.0low001000
spiradoline
10
1991200727.3low109100
fura-2
4
1988199233.0low013000
quinelorane
1
quinazolines1996199628.0low001000
eticlopride
2
salicylamides1999200124.0low001100
tiagabine
1
beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid;
tertiary amino compound;
thiophenes		anticonvulsant;
GABA reuptake inhibitor		2002200222.0low000100
enadoline
3
1995199628.3low003000
remifentanil
3
alpha-amino acid ester;
anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidinecarboxylate ester		intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
sedative		2010201213.0low000120
adenosine
3
adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent		1989200628.3low011100
f 7302
3
piperidines1986200130.3low011100
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
1
D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite		1993199331.0low001000
thionine
1
1993199331.0low001000
fluorexon
1
xanthene dyefluorochrome2006200618.0low000100
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol
1
phosphatidylglycerol1999199925.0low001000
armin
1
organic phosphonate;
phosphonic ester		2011201113.0low000010
1,7-phenanthroline
2
phenanthroline1986198737.5low020000
triazoles
3
1,2,3-triazole2002201516.0low000210
delta sleep-inducing peptide
1
1996199628.0low001000
ubenimex
7
1985201231.6low042010
phorbol-12,13-diacetate
1
1991199133.0low001000
gliclazide
1
201720177.0low000010
rosiglitazone
2
aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug		2009201512.0low000110
biocytin
2
azabicycloalkane;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-lysine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thiabicycloalkane;
ureas		mouse metabolite1991201222.5low001010
nicotine
26
3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic		1982202121.2low055871
fibrinogen
1
iditolfungal metabolite201520159.0low000010
3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol
1
catechols;
tetrol		metabolite;
mouse metabolite		2001200123.0low000100
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-amp
1
3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
adenyl ribonucleotide;
aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound		protein kinase agonist1990199034.0low001000
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
2
1998201119.5low001010
n-succinimidyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate
1
1988198836.0low010000
foxes
1
2010201014.0low000100
kemptide
2
1992199928.5low002000
gamma-glutamylglycine
2
1988199134.5low011000
enkephalinamide-met, ala(2)-
11
1983199038.4low0101000
n-hydroxysuccinimide suberic acid ester
1
1993199331.0low001000
cobalt
2
cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient1992199928.5low002000
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine
2
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound		metabolite1988201522.5low010010
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane
2
1998200124.5low001100
enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)-
64
heterodetic cyclic peptidedelta-opioid receptor agonist1986201630.1low01244710
u 73122
1
aromatic ether;
aza-steroid;
maleimides		EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor1998199826.0low001000
quin2
1
1988198836.0low010000
sr141716
6
amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazoles		anti-obesity agent;
appetite depressant;
CB1 receptor antagonist		1996200623.3low003300
cp 96345
2
1993199430.5low002000
bradykinin, des-arg(9)-
1
oligopeptidebradykinin receptor B2 agonist2001200123.0low000100
beta-n-methylamino-l-alanine
1
diamino acid;
L-alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
secondary amino compound		bacterial metabolite;
neurotoxin		1989198935.0low010000
fura-2-am
2
1992199232.0low002000
u 69593
47
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
diuretic;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist		1987201525.2low03271250
methyllycaconitine
1
201920195.0low000010
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate
1
1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate2000200024.0low001000
n,n-diallyl-tyrosyl-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid-phenylalanyl-leucine
23
1984200032.5medium0914000
bremazocine
23
1983200333.5low01210100
cgp 35348
1
202020204.0low000010
dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol
2
2013201510.0low000020
enkephalin, ser(2), leu(5), thr(6)-
19
oligopeptide1986201727.9low0610120
afdx 116
1
benzodiazepine1990199034.0low001000
s-methylthiocitrulline
1
imidothiocarbamic ester;
L-arginine derivative;
L-ornithine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent		2009200915.0low000100
3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine
1
alpha-amino acid2001200123.0low000100
dynorphin (1-8)
162
1980202133.3high08664921
senktide
11
201220199.5low0000110
deoxyglucose
3
1985199335.3low021000
u 73343
1
1998199826.0low001000
n-n-propyl-n-phenylethyl-4(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine hydrochloride
2
1992199331.5low002000
opc 21268
1
2004200420.0low000100
quadazocine
9
1982199933.3medium054000
tyrosyl-prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide
1
1996199628.0low001000
3'-o-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate
1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate2013201311.0low000010
tifluadom
6
benzodiazepine1984199037.7low051000
morphiceptin, n-me-phe(3)-
14
1988200730.3medium0112100
bw 373u86
1
diarylmethane2008200816.0low000100
morphiceptin
11
oligopeptide1984200335.0low082100
dup 734
1
1999199925.0low001000
enkephalin-leu, arg(6)-
10
1985199732.9high046000
rti 121
2
1999201019.5low001100
1-n-me-tyr(1)-7-n-me-arg-8-n-et-leunh2-dynorphin (1-8)
32
1989200430.6high2227300
tyrosyl-arginyl-phenylalanyl-lysinamide
1
1999199925.0low001000
beta-neo-endorphin
15
1982199039.4high0141000
lofentanil
1
methyl ester;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound;
tertiary carboxamide		mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic		1996199628.0low001000
met-enkephalinamide
2
1986199633.0low011000
enkephalin-met, arg(6)-phe(7)-
24
organic molecular entity1981201526.9medium078540
ru-28362
1
1995199529.0low001000
enkephalin-met, arg(6)-gly(7)-leu(8)-
19
1984199636.2medium0145000
deltorphin ii, ala(2)-
4
1994200920.8low001300
phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-glutaminyl-prolyl-glutaminyl-arginyl-phenylalaninamide
4
1992200524.5low002200
kyotorphin
1
dipeptide1997199727.0low001000
angiotensin ii, des-asp(1)-des-arg(2)-ile(5)-
1
organic molecular entity2008200816.0low000100
3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(3-iodophenyl)diazirine
1
1983198341.0low010000
benzoylarginine ethyl ester
1
1992199232.0low001000
bradykinin, leu(8)-des-arg(9)-
2
2010201511.5low000110
enkephalin, met(2)-pronh2(5)-
4
1983199934.8low031000
4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-n,n-diethylbenzamide
3
diarylmethane2004200917.7low000300
mr 2034
4
1981198639.2low040000
kelatorphan
1
1994199430.0low001000
neurokinin a(4-10), tyr(5)-trp(6,8,9)-lys(10)-
1
2002200222.0low000100
1,3-bis(tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino)propane
1
hexolbuffer1995199529.0low001000
salvinorin a
1
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organooxygen compound		metabolite;
oneirogen		201620168.0low000010
tyrosyl-arginyl-phenylalanyl-sarcosine
1
2006200618.0low000100
ly 274614
2
1997200025.5low002000
tyrosyl-leucyl-n-methylphenylalanyl-glutaminyl-prolyl-glutaminyl-arginyl-phenylalaninamide
1
2002200222.0low000100
l 733060
1
piperidines201820186.0low000010
omega-n-methylarginine
2
amino acid zwitterion;
arginine derivative;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		1994200226.0low001100
sk&f 83959
1
benzazepine;
catechols;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		dopamine agonist2012201212.0low000010
mrz 2549
2
1981198441.5high020000
ethylketocyclazocine
68
1981199937.8medium05810000
proline
2
amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1985199733.0low011000
leucylarginine
1
dipeptidemetabolite1997199727.0medium001000
besonprodil
1
2010201014.0low000100
dynorphin amide (1-10)
18
1983200833.9high0116100
interleukin 1beta (193-195)
1
2002200222.0low000100
enkephalin, pen(2,5)-4-chloro-phe(4)-
1
1996199628.0low001000
atrasentan
1
pyrrolidines2004200420.0low000100
carbodiimides
1
carbodiimide1981198143.0low010000
biotin
8
biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1988202225.0low023111
angiotensin ii
8
amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite1986201624.9low014210
atropine
21
1982201132.1low0910110
sb 203580
1
imidazoles;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent		201620168.0low000010
antalarmin
1
pyrrolopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound		corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist2011201113.0low000010
asimadoline
1
2006200618.0low000100
arginine 4-methyl-7-coumarylamide
1
1992199232.0medium001000
deoxycholic acid
1
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human blood serum metabolite2004200420.0low000100
estradiol 3-benzoate
2
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
benzoate ester		estrogen receptor agonist;
xenoestrogen		201320198.0low000020
anisomycin
1
monohydroxypyrrolidine;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
protein synthesis inhibitor		2000200024.0low001000
benzofurans
5
1987199631.6low023000
ibogaine
2
1999201517.0low001010
dihydropyridines
1
1990199034.0low001000
mr 1452
3
1985198936.7low030000
lithium chloride
1
inorganic chloride;
lithium salt		antimanic drug;
geroprotector		1988198836.0low010000
biotinyl n-hydroxysuccinimide ester
1
1988198836.0low010000
bradykinin
16
oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent		1984201525.8low046420
oxytocin
51
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent		1983202130.8low12023251
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
2
myo-inositol trisphosphatemouse metabolite1996199628.0low002000
ouabain
1
11alpha-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid hormone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
plant metabolite		1996199628.0low001000
amastatin
6
tetrapeptideEC 3.4.11.* (aminopeptidase) inhibitor;
protease inhibitor		1985201527.2low023010
puromycin
2
puromycinsantiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor;
nucleoside antibiotic;
protein synthesis inhibitor		1985200330.0low010100
nitroarginine
4
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
N-nitro compound;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		1995200325.8low003100
inositol 3-phosphate
1
1999199925.0low001000
strychnine
1
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound		avicide;
cholinergic antagonist;
glycine receptor antagonist;
neurotransmitter agent;
rodenticide		1991199133.0low001000
pentazocine
5
benzazocine1994201518.8low202120
ryanodine
2
1992199729.5low002000
ginsenoside re
1
12beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
disaccharide derivative;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
nephroprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite		201820186.0low000010
bq 123
1
cyclic peptide1997199727.0low001000
devazepide
1
1,4-benzodiazepinone;
indolecarboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
gastrointestinal drug		1997199727.0low001000
teprotide
1
peptide1985198539.0low010000
diprenorphine
19
morphinane alkaloid1982202130.6low0710101
phosphoramidon
8
deoxyaldohexose phosphate;
dipeptide		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor		1987201723.2low023120
cocaine
82
benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic		1989202022.2low023730130
prostaglandin d2
1
prostaglandins Dhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite		201620168.0low000010
diethylstilbestrol
1
olefinic compound;
polyphenol		antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen		1991199133.0low001000
phorbol-12,13-didecanoate
1
1995199529.0low001000
enkephalin, leucine
790
pentapeptide;
peptide zwitterion		analgesic;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
rat metabolite		1980202229.6medium0300293134603
cinnamaldehyde
1
3-phenylprop-2-enal;
cinnamaldehydes		antifungal agent;
EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
sensitiser;
vasodilator agent		2013201311.0low000010
isomethyleugenol
2
isomethyleugenol2011201113.0low000020
buprenorphine
2
morphinane alkaloiddelta-opioid receptor antagonist;
kappa-opioid receptor antagonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic		1990202218.0low001001
arginine vasopressin
38
vasopressincardiovascular drug;
hematologic agent;
mitogen		1982201331.8low01419320
dodecylphosphocholine
4
phosphocholinesdetergent1995199727.5low004000
methylatropine
1
1992199232.0low001000
sesquiterpenes
1
1985198539.0low010000
flunarizine
1
diarylmethane1989198935.0low010000
2-thio-6-azathymine
1
2001200123.0low000100
cinnarizine
1
diarylmethane;
N-alkylpiperazine;
olefinic compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist		1989198935.0low010000
capsaicin
22
capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker		1990201824.2low0013630
enclomiphene
1
1989198935.0low010000
thiourea
2
one-carbon compound;
thioureas;
ureas		antioxidant;
chromophore		2005200917.0low000200
thioacetamide
1
thiocarboxamidehepatotoxic agent1995199529.0low001000
digoxin
1
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope		1992199232.0low001000
tamoxifen
2
stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator		1994199529.5low002000
2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone
1
quinolonesignalling molecule2007200717.0low000100
u 0126
1
aryl sulfide;
dinitrile;
enamine;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
osteogenesis regulator;
vasoconstrictor agent		2006200618.0low000100
6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine
2
acetylenic compound;
methylpyridines		anxiolytic drug;
metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist		2009201412.5low000110
lithium
3
alkali metal atom1987199633.7low021000
dezocine
2
phenols;
primary amino compound		opioid analgesic1989198935.0low020000
raclopride
2
salicylamides2000200322.5low001100
mr 2266
29
1982200134.3medium01216100
glycodeoxycholic acid
1
bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite1987198737.0low010000
ici 154129
3
1985198638.3low030000
deltorphin
4
peptide1998200423.2low002200
3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol sulfate
1
alcohol;
phenols		1987198737.0low010000
thioperamide
1
primary aliphatic amine1998199826.0low001000
u-50488
155
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-alkylpyrrolidine		analgesic;
antitussive;
calcium channel blocker;
diuretic;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist		1984202126.6medium0287635133
sch 23390
1
benzazepine2012201212.0low000010
ketazocine
12
1981199039.3medium0102000
dynorphin (1-17)
13
1983200134.2high184100
dynorphin a, destyr(1)-destrp(14)-desasp(15)-desasn(16)-desglu(17)-
5
1997200224.2high004100
ici 199441
1
2006200618.0low000100
noribogaine
1
monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor		201520159.0low000010
ginsenosides
3
1985202315.3low010011
dynorphin (1-11)
4
1984200230.0high012100
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline
2
naphthalenes;
sulfonic acid derivative		2001200521.0low000200
ovalbumin
1
1990199034.0low001000
rink amide resin
1
1992199232.0medium001000
sodium dodecyl sulfate
1
organic sodium saltdetergent;
protein denaturant		2008200816.0low000100
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione
6
quinoxaline derivative1991200328.0low004200
fg 9041
1
quinoxaline derivative1994199430.0low001000
alpha-chymotrypsin
2
1983199236.5low011000
3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol
5
alkylbenzene;
ring assembly		1997200225.0low004100
myelin basic protein
1
1993199331.0low001000
dinoprostone
6
prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic		1987200528.2low030300
dinoprost
1
monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		2013201311.0low000010
11-cis-retinal
1
retinalchromophore;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		2000200024.0low001000
leukotriene c4
1
leukotrienebronchoconstrictor agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		1995199529.0low001000
thromboxane a2
1
epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
thromboxanes A		mouse metabolite1995199529.0low001000
alprostadil
1
prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent		1990199034.0low001000
entacapone
1
2-nitrophenols;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor		2008200816.0low000100
humulene
1
alpha-humulene2007200717.0low000100
anandamide
4
endocannabinoid;
N-acylethanolamine 20:4		human blood serum metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent		1997200025.2low004000
glyceryl 2-arachidonate
1
2-acylglycerol 20:4;
endocannabinoid		human metabolite2000200024.0low001000
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycero-3-phosphoglycerol
1
phosphatidylglycerol2006200618.0low000100
ro 61-8048
1
C-nitro compound2010201014.0low000100
nalmefene
6
morphinane alkaloid1990201423.3low204110
nalorphine
3
morphinane alkaloid1985198937.3low030000
naloxone
347
morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist		1980202132.7low51701333761
oxycodone
2
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic		2006201613.0low000110
oxymorphone
3
morphinane alkaloid1991200628.0low002100
sirolimus
1
antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor		202220222.0low000001
morphine
239
morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic		1981202329.7low1939134165
7-benzylidenenaltrexone
2
phenanthrenes2001200322.0low000200
a 192621
1
2004200420.0low000100
alpha-neoendorphin
73
1981201635.9high05513230
beta-funaltrexamine
26
morphinane alkaloid1982201328.2low0416510
cp 99994
1
2012201212.0low000010
endomorphin 1
16
oligopeptide2001202115.1low0001231
endomorphin 2
17
2000202016.9low0011330
kallidin
1
peptide2008200816.0low000100
preclamol
1
1990199034.0low001000
j 113397
1
2002200222.0low000100
l 365260
3
benzodiazepine1994200425.7low002100
nalbuphine
3
organic heteropentacyclic compoundmu-opioid receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic		1993200027.7low003000
neurokinin a
4
1990200228.0low003100
neurokinin b
120
polypeptide199620237.7medium101147530
8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine
2
monochlorobenzenes;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor		2005200618.5low000200
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid
2
1995199827.5low002000
cesium
2
alkali metal atom1988199433.0low011000
barium
2
alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental barium		1988201522.5low010010
trimethyltin
1
2001200123.0low000100
levorphanol
5
morphinane alkaloid1985200625.2low011300
levallorphan
5
morphinane alkaloid1985199336.0low041000
dihydromorphine
7
morphinane alkaloid1982199737.3low061000
arsenic
1
metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient1989198935.0low010000
naltrexone
225
cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic		1981202224.4low32510660304
dextromethorphan
2
6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthreneantitussive;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
oneirogen;
prodrug;
xenobiotic		1991199431.5low002000
dextrorphan
4
morphinane alkaloid1990200628.5low003100
butorphanol
3
morphinane alkaloidantitussive;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic		1985199635.0low021000
methylnaltrexone
2
phenanthrenes1992199630.0low002000
veratrine
1
alkaloid1983198341.0low010000
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
5
1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine;
phosphatidylcholine 28:0;
tetradecanoate ester		antigen;
mouse metabolite		2000201516.0low001220
cysteine
4
cysteiniumfundamental metabolite1993202320.0low002101
heroin
4
morphinane alkaloidmu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
prodrug		1984201328.2low021010
normorphine
6
morphinane alkaloid1982198640.2low060000
norbinaltorphimine
151
isoquinolines1987202022.8medium027943270
binaltorphimine
7
1987202222.4medium022102
morphine-3-glucuronide
2
morphinane alkaloid2009201611.5low000110
dermorphin
9
oligopeptide1987202225.3low014301
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)-
121
1984201728.7low026682160
n-methylnaloxone
1
1988198836.0low010000
chlornaltrexamine
7
1981198739.9low070000
enkephalinamide-leu, ala(2)-
2
1987199035.5low011000
enkephalin-met, ala(2)-
1
1994199430.0low001000
naltrindole benzofuran
2
morphinane alkaloid2001200322.0low000200
3-acetyl-6-deoxy-6-fluoronaltrexone
1
1988198836.0low010000
14-methoxymetopon
1
2006200618.0low000100
gr 94800
1
2013201311.0low000010
n-benzyloxycarbonyl-leucyl-leucyl-phenylalaninal
1
1992199232.0medium001000
biphalin
1
2004200420.0low000100
n-methyllevallorphan
2
1986198837.0medium020000
tyrosyl-alanyl-glycyl-phenylalanyl-leucine chloromethyl ketone
1
1997199727.0medium001000
naltrindole
25
isoquinolines1991201123.2low00101410
true blue
1
1987198737.0low010000
n-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)-alanyl-alanyl-phenylalanine-4-aminobenzoate
2
1990199432.0medium002000
tetrodotoxin
17
azatetracycloalkane;
oxatetracycloalkane;
quinazoline alkaloid		animal metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
marine metabolite;
neurotoxin;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker		1983200233.9low088100
dizocilpine maleate
42
maleate salt;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist		1989201225.1low01261320
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine
3
1986201322.3low010110
biotin-11-dutp
1
1990199034.0low001000
cgp 39653
5
1994199927.6low005000
trk 820
2
phenanthrenes2013201510.0low000020
clocinnamox
1
2006200618.0low000100
beta-escin
2
1985202121.0low010001
sb 222200
1
quinolines2013201311.0low000010
ro 25-6981
1
benzenes;
phenols;
piperidines;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		anticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist		2014201410.0low000010
sb 334867-a
1
naphthyridine derivative201820186.0low000010
morphinans
16
isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent;
morphinane alkaloid		1984201528.0low056230
ergoline
5
diamine;
ergoline alkaloid;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		1987199433.2low014000
enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine
74
1981200435.3low05020400
enkephalin-leu, ala(2)-arg(6)-
1
1999199925.0low001000
vilazodone hydrochloride
1
hydrochlorideantidepressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor		201820186.0low000010
staurosporine
3
ammonium ion derivative1991200028.7low003000
chloralose
1
1994199430.0low001000
sl 327
1
2006200618.0low000100
naloxonazine
8
1988202121.6low021311
sr 142801
1
2013201311.0low000010
sincalide
21
oligopeptide1982199734.5low0912000
vasopressin, 1-(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)-2-(o- methyl-l-tyrosine)-8-l-arginine-
1
1992199232.0low001000
ly 306740
1
2002200222.0low000100
mocetinostat
1
aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent		2014201410.0low000010
jnj 10397049
1
201820186.0low000010
ginsenoside rb1
1
ginsenoside;
glycoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory drug;
anti-obesity agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger		202320231.0low000001
ginsenoside rg3
1
ginsenoside;
glycoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite		202320231.0low000001
neuromedin n
1
1988198836.0low010000
g(m1) ganglioside
3
alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine;
sialotetraosylceramide		1990199930.7low003000
cgp 20712a
2
1990199034.0low002000
adrenorphin
6
1984199136.5medium042000
deltorphin i, ala(2)-
1
peptide2003200321.0low000100
fmrfamide
3
1984198838.3low030000
phenobarbital sodium
1
2005200519.0low000100
substance p
2
1990201123.5low001010
buprenorphine, naloxone drug combination
1
202220222.0low000001
veratridine
3
1990201027.0low002100
xenopsin
1
1988198836.0low010000
scopolamine hydrobromide
8
1986199829.6low017000
pituitrin
51
1980201834.4low12720310
cyclohexylalanine
1
2011201113.0low000010
mefloquine
1
201720177.0low000010
icatibant
2
2010201511.5low000110
hmr 1098
1
2003200321.0low000100
nad
1
organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1994199430.0low001000
cytochrome c-t
1
2003200321.0low000100
calcitonin
1
1988198836.0low010000
cosyntropin
4
1983199136.8low031000
melitten
1
1989198935.0low010000
cholecystokinin
41
1982202128.5low11516631
ceruletide
1
oligopeptidediagnostic agent;
gastrointestinal drug		1986198638.0low010000
motilin
2
1987201324.0low010010
atrial natriuretic factor
17
polypeptide1987200231.4low2610100
preprotachykinin b (50-79)
2
2002200321.5high000200
nociceptin
50
organic molecular entity;
polypeptide		human metabolite;
rat metabolite		1996201622.1low00291560
protein kinase inhibitor peptide
1
2002200222.0low000100
fibrinopeptide b
1
2006200618.0low000100
dynorphin (2-17)
21
1989201823.6high0113430
omega-conotoxin (conus magus)
1
1993199331.0low001000
l 668169
1
1993199331.0low001000
gastrins
3
2002201317.7low000210
gramicidin a
3
1999200521.3low001200
glucagon
6
peptide hormone1983201328.8low022110
mast cell degranulating peptide
1
1995199529.0low001000
beta-endorphin
264
1981202232.1low61358230161
sauvagine
1
2011201113.0low000010
peptide f
1
2011201113.0low000010
bam 22p
1
1989198935.0low010000
thymosin beta(4)
1
2011201113.0low000010
peptide e (adrenal medulla)
3
1986198936.3medium030000
neuropeptide y
58
1985202122.2low162511151
dynorphin (1-32)
6
1985201132.2high041010
conotoxin gv
1
2000200024.0low001000
peptide phi
1
1990199034.0low001000
pancreastatin
1
1991199133.0low001000
angiotensinogen
1
2001200123.0low000100
oligonucleotides
2
1994201221.0low001010
glucagon-like peptide 1
1
2013201311.0low000010
gamma-endorphin
2
1987199135.0low011000
alpha-endorphin
4
1983199137.0low031000
endothelin-1
7
1997201622.1low104210
phosphatidylcholines
4
1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine1986201326.2low020110
sodium salicylate
1
organic molecular entity1988198836.0low010000
calpain
1
1985198539.0low010000
sapogenins
1
202120213.0low000001
15-deoxyprostaglandin j2
1
201620168.0low000010
sodium oxybate
1
1983198341.0low010000
bucladesine
2
3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide1990199332.5low002000
4-hydroxymercuribenzoate
4
1991200523.8low001300
sodium glutamate
2
monosodium glutamateflavouring agent1984198539.5low020000
picrotoxin
1
1991199133.0low001000
trelstar
1
1987198737.0low010000
rimorphin
177
1982202028.7high2597132150
dynorphins
326
1980201633.3high31641411650
neurotensin
51
peptide hormonehuman metabolite;
mitogen;
neurotransmitter;
vulnerary		1982201932.0low02422140
bam 12p
1
1996199628.0low001000
fibrinopeptide a
1
2001200123.0low000100
substance p, prolyl(2)-tryptophan(7,9)-
1
1990199034.0low001000
cerebellin
1
2013201311.0low000010
lhrh, ac-dehydro-pro(1)-4-cl-phe(2)-trp(3,6)-
1
1984198440.0medium010000
lhrh, pglu(1)-phe(2)-trp(3,6)-
1
1984198440.0low010000
substance p, arg(1)-pro(2)-trp(7,9)-leu(11)-
1
1988198836.0low010000
rimorphin
5
1994200127.6high004100
dynorphin a(1-12)
5
1983199737.0high041000
a 967079
1
2013201311.0low000010
ly2456302
1
201620168.0low000010
glycolipids
3
2009201810.3low000120
piperidines
28
1988202019.1low0189100
thymosin
1
2011201113.0low000010
vasoactive intestinal peptide
28
1983200033.9low01414000
natriuretic peptide, brain
1
polypeptide1994199430.0low001000
ascorbic acid
1
ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent		1995199529.0low001000
minocycline
3
201320227.7low000021
warfarin
3
benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone		1992199928.3low003000
2'-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-2-allyl-6,7-benzomorphan
8
1982199238.9low071000
epidermal growth factor
1
2003200321.0low000100
gastrin-releasing peptide
2
1985201524.0low010010
kaolinite
1
aluminosilicate mineral;
mixture		antidiarrhoeal drug;
excipient		2007200717.0low000100
kiss1 protein, human
121
200720236.9low10097933
gamma2-msh
1
2007200717.0low000100
mastoparan x
1
mastoparans;
peptidyl amide		antibacterial agent1991199133.0low001000
deltakephalin
2
1990200029.0low002000
lipofectamine
1
2001200123.0low000100
d-ala(2),mephe(4),met(0)-ol-enkephalin
8
1981200434.0low051200
bullatine a
2
201620177.5high000020
t-2 toxin
1
1985198539.0low010000
aconitine
3
201620205.7low000030
isotalatizidine
1
202020204.0medium000010
cyclosporine
1
1994199430.0low001000
bulleyaconitine a
1
201620168.0low000010
peptide yy
2
1991199829.5low002000
digitonin
1
1984198440.0low010000
protopanaxadiol
1
202120213.0low000001
muramidase
1
1993199331.0low001000
cyclic gmp
2
3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1995199529.0low002000
guanosine diphosphate
2
guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor		2011201511.0low000020
guanosine triphosphate
5
guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor		1985200132.8low022100
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)
23
nucleoside triphosphate analogue1990202019.9low0061430
clozapine
5
benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic		1986201623.4low012110
allopurinol
1
nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger		1995199529.0low001000
guanylyl imidodiphosphate
10
nucleoside triphosphate analogue1985199832.3low046000
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate)
2
nucleoside diphosphate analogue2011201511.0low000020
clozapine n-oxide
1
dibenzodiazepine201620168.0low000010
eye
1
2000200024.0low001000
pd 135158
1
1999199925.0low001000
concanavalin a
2
1999199925.0low002000
galanin-like peptide
1
2008200816.0low000100
preproenkephalin
227
1983202225.4medium0488664272
leptin
7
2000201914.6low001330
gamma-aminobutyric acid
1
amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule		1986198638.0low010000
choline
2
cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1986199931.5low011000
chlorine
1
halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite		1993199331.0low001000
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
1
catechols;
dihydroxyphenylacetic acid		human metabolite1987198737.0low010000
glycine
1
alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical		1997199727.0low001000
methanol
1
alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite		1997199727.0low001000
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate
5
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidNMDA receptor antagonist1988199931.4low023000
ibotenic acid
1
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidneurotoxin1993199331.0low001000
sk&f-38393
2
benzazepine;
catechols;
secondary amino compound		1992199331.5low002000
3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine
1
phenols1987198737.0low010000
homovanillic acid
1
guaiacols;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		1987198737.0low010000
hydroxyindoleacetic acid
1
indole-3-acetic acidsdrug metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		2014201410.0low000010
7-chlorokynurenic acid
1
organochlorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist		1999199925.0low001000
caffeine
1
purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic		1996199628.0low001000
verapamil
1
aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound		1990199034.0low001000
clonidine
3
clonidine;
imidazoline		1987198836.3low030000
phenylalanyl-cyclo(cysteinyltyrosyl-tryptophyl-ornithyl-threonyl-penicillamine)threoninamide
1
1998199826.0low001000
desipramine
1
dibenzoazepine;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug allergen;
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor		1986198638.0low010000
thiorphan
2
N-acyl-amino acid1986198837.0low020000
fentanyl
4
anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic		1983198639.8low040000
haloperidol
1
aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist		1982198242.0low010000
hexamethonium
3
quaternary ammonium salt1989199731.7low012000
lidocaine
1
benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic		1986198638.0low010000
indomethacin
3
aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic		1985200630.7low020100
kynurenic acid
2
monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		G-protein-coupled receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1994199927.5low002000
mecamylamine
2
primary aliphatic amine1997199826.5low002000
midazolam
1
imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative		1997199727.0low001000
muscimol
1
alkaloid;
isoxazoles;
primary amino compound		fungal metabolite;
GABA agonist;
oneirogen;
psychotropic drug		1982198242.0low010000
ethylmaleimide
3
maleimidesanticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor		1986198936.3low030000
oxidopamine
3
benzenetriol;
catecholamine;
primary amino compound		drug metabolite;
human metabolite;
neurotoxin		1987199533.3low012000
phenobarbital
1
barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative		1993199331.0low001000
pirenzepine
1
pyridobenzodiazepineanti-ulcer drug;
antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist		1997199727.0low001000
potassium chloride
2
inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer1982199933.5low011000
proglumide
1
benzamides;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
glutamine derivative;
racemate		anti-ulcer drug;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
cholinergic antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
drug metabolite;
gastrointestinal drug;
opioid analgesic;
xenobiotic metabolite		1985198539.0low010000
propranolol
1
naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic		2006200618.0low000100
sulpiride
1
benzamides;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfonamide		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist		1993199331.0low001000
corticosterone
3
11beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		1986201428.3low020010
reserpine
2
alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic		1990199034.0low002000
phentolamine
1
imidazoles;
phenols;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent		1986198638.0low010000
thyroxine
1
2-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone		1983198341.0low010000
carbachol
2
ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic		1985199832.5low011000
triiodothyronine
1
2-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone		1983198341.0low010000
aspartic acid
2
aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter		1988198836.0low020000
physostigmine
2
carbamate ester;
indole alkaloid		antidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic		1991199431.5low002000
sucrose
2
glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent		1990199830.0low002000
apomorphine
3
aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug		1989199531.7low012000
tyrosine
2
amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical		1991199829.5low002000
leucine
3
amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1986199833.7low021000
arginine
1
arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical		2005200519.0low000100
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid
1
5-oxoproline;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		algal metabolite1987198737.0low010000
hydrazine
1
azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor1987198737.0low010000
bicuculline
1
benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines		agrochemical;
central nervous system stimulant;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
GABAA receptor antagonist;
neurotoxin		1991199133.0low001000
kainic acid
1
dicarboxylic acid;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid		antinematodal drug;
excitatory amino acid agonist		1991199133.0low001000
methamphetamine
2
amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic		1992199630.0low002000
malondialdehyde
1
dialdehydebiomarker2002200222.0low000100
cyclazocine
25
1982199038.4low0241000
n-methylaspartate
5
amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid;
D-aspartic acid derivative;
secondary amino compound		neurotransmitter agent1988200029.6low023000
etorphine
4
1984198738.5low040000
cromolyn sodium
1
organic sodium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
drug allergen		1984198440.0low010000
phenyl acetate
1
benzenes;
phenyl acetates		1990199034.0low001000
glutamic acid
1
glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical		2006200618.0low000100
substance p
7
peptideneurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent		1983199236.9low061000
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
2
alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor2003200619.5low000200
enkephalin, methionine
44
1981201134.2low02812220
captopril
2
alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor		1986198737.5low020000
colforsin
1
acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist		1990199034.0low001000
idazoxan
2
benzodioxine;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist1987198836.5low020000
quinpirole
1
pyrazoloquinolinedopamine agonist2000200024.0low001000
fura-2
2
1988199234.0low011000
enadoline
1
1995199529.0low001000
f 7302
1
piperidines1986198638.0low010000
ubenimex
3
1986199833.7low021000
nicotine
5
3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic		1982200036.6low041000
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
1
1998199826.0low001000
gamma-glutamylglycine
1
1988198836.0low010000
enkephalinamide-met, ala(2)-
7
1983199038.4low061000
enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)-
15
heterodetic cyclic peptidedelta-opioid receptor agonist1986199732.6low0510000
fura-2-am
1
1992199232.0low001000
u 69593
6
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
diuretic;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist		1987199831.3low024000
n,n-diallyl-tyrosyl-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid-phenylalanyl-leucine
7
1984199933.6low043000
bremazocine
3
1987199932.0low012000
enkephalin, ser(2), leu(5), thr(6)-
3
oligopeptide1999200024.7low003000
dynorphin (1-8)
8
1984200531.2low034100
quadazocine
1
1999199925.0low001000
tifluadom
2
benzodiazepine1985198738.0low020000
morphiceptin, n-me-phe(3)-
1
1994199430.0low001000
morphiceptin
1
oligopeptide1987198737.0low010000
beta-neo-endorphin
2
1985199036.5low011000
enkephalin-met, arg(6)-phe(7)-
2
organic molecular entity1984198539.5low020000
enkephalin, met(2)-pronh2(5)-
1
1983198341.0low010000
mr 2034
1
1986198638.0low010000
ly 274614
1
2000200024.0low001000
ethylketocyclazocine
26
1982199737.9low0242000
dynorphin amide (1-10)
8
1983199735.1high053000
biotin
1
biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1990199034.0low001000
angiotensin ii
1
amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite1991199133.0low001000
atropine
11
1982200634.1low064100
benzofurans
2
1988199532.5low011000
bradykinin
1
oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent		1987198737.0low010000
oxytocin
8
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent		1985201130.0low033110
ryanodine
1
1992199232.0low001000
diprenorphine
2
morphinane alkaloid1987199234.5low011000
phosphoramidon
1
deoxyaldohexose phosphate;
dipeptide		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor		1987198737.0low010000
cocaine
1
benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic		1992199232.0low001000
enkephalin, leucine
84
pentapeptide;
peptide zwitterion		analgesic;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
rat metabolite		1980201134.8low05426310
arginine vasopressin
8
vasopressincardiovascular drug;
hematologic agent;
mitogen		1985200631.4low034100
capsaicin
2
capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker		1990199929.5low002000
thiourea
1
one-carbon compound;
thioureas;
ureas		antioxidant;
chromophore		2005200519.0low000100
lithium
1
alkali metal atom1996199628.0low001000
raclopride
1
salicylamides2000200024.0low001000
mr 2266
12
1985199833.8low057000
ici 154129
1
1985198539.0low010000
deltorphin
1
peptide1998199826.0low001000
u-50488
29
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-alkylpyrrolidine		analgesic;
antitussive;
calcium channel blocker;
diuretic;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist		1985200631.8low0918200
ketazocine
1
1990199034.0low001000
dynorphin (1-17)
1
1987198737.0low010000
dynorphin a, destyr(1)-destrp(14)-desasp(15)-desasn(16)-desglu(17)-
3
1997200025.0high003000
alpha-chymotrypsin
1
1983198341.0low010000
nalmefene
1
morphinane alkaloid1999199925.0low101000
naloxone
81
morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist		1980201135.3low15227110
oxymorphone
2
morphinane alkaloid1991199133.0low002000
morphine
56
morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic		1981201034.1low13123200
alpha-neoendorphin
4
1983199038.2low031000
beta-funaltrexamine
2
morphinane alkaloid1994199529.5low002000
levorphanol
1
morphinane alkaloid1985198539.0low010000
levallorphan
2
morphinane alkaloid1985198638.5low020000
dihydromorphine
2
morphinane alkaloid1983198639.5low020000
naltrexone
23
cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic		1981200029.3low1221000
dextromethorphan
1
6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthreneantitussive;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
oneirogen;
prodrug;
xenobiotic		1991199133.0low001000
heroin
1
morphinane alkaloidmu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
prodrug		1984198440.0low010000
normorphine
1
morphinane alkaloid1982198242.0low010000
norbinaltorphimine
16
isoquinolines1991200028.1low0016000
binaltorphimine
1
1999199925.0low001000
dermorphin
1
oligopeptide1990199034.0low001000
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)-
23
1986200032.1low0914000
chlornaltrexamine
1
1981198143.0low010000
enkephalinamide-leu, ala(2)-
1
1987198737.0low010000
n-methyllevallorphan
1
1986198638.0low010000
naltrindole
3
isoquinolines1994199927.0low003000
tetrodotoxin
3
azatetracycloalkane;
oxatetracycloalkane;
quinazoline alkaloid		animal metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
marine metabolite;
neurotoxin;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker		1985199135.7low021000
dizocilpine maleate
7
maleate salt;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist		1989199928.4low016000
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine
1
1986198638.0low010000
cgp 39653
1
1994199430.0low001000
morphinans
4
isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent;
morphinane alkaloid		1987199334.5low022000
enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine
17
1983199037.8low0152000
staurosporine
1
ammonium ion derivative2000200024.0low001000
sincalide
3
oligopeptide1982199138.0low021000
g(m1) ganglioside
1
alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine;
sialotetraosylceramide		1991199133.0low001000
adrenorphin
1
1987198737.0low010000
scopolamine hydrobromide
5
1993199828.8low005000
pituitrin
4
1981199137.8low031000
cholecystokinin
1
1982198242.0low010000
dynorphins
326
1980201633.3medium31641411650
dynorphin (2-17)
2
1993199430.5low002000
glucagon
2
peptide hormone1990199233.0low002000
beta-endorphin
36
1981201135.5low02311110
neuropeptide y
2
2002200719.5low000200
gamma-endorphin
1
1991199133.0low001000
alpha-endorphin
1
1991199133.0low001000
phosphatidylcholines
1
1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine1986198638.0low010000
bucladesine
1
3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide1993199331.0low001000
rimorphin
1
1986198638.0low010000
neurotensin
3
peptide hormonehuman metabolite;
mitogen;
neurotransmitter;
vulnerary		1982198838.3low030000
dynorphin a(1-12)
3
1983199736.0high021000
piperidines
1
201520159.0low000010
vasoactive intestinal peptide
2
1985198937.0low020000
d-ala(2),mephe(4),met(0)-ol-enkephalin
2
1981198441.5low020000
guanosine triphosphate
1
guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor		1985198539.0low010000
guanylyl imidodiphosphate
1
nucleoside triphosphate analogue1985198539.0low010000
preproenkephalin
2
1983199037.5low011000
ConditionIndicatedStudiesFirst YearLast YearAverage AgeRelationship StrengthTrialspre-19901990's2000's2010'spost-2020
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease0
1
202120213.0low000001
47,XX,+210
2
1996201319.5low001010
Abdominal Migraine0
1
202220222.0low000001
Abdominal Pain0
3
1993201617.7low001110
Abnormal Movements0
4
2006201713.2low000220
Absence Seizure0
22
1983202230.8low0116311
Absence Status0
4
1999201120.2low001210
Academic Disorder, Developmental0
6
1991200626.3low005100
Ache0
167
1980202425.3low0464254223
Acidosis0
1
2009200915.0low000100
Acoustic Trauma0
1
201920195.0low000010
Action Tremor0
2
1991200725.0low001100
Acute Brain Injuries0
13
1986201226.1low036220
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia0
6
1991201421.7low003120
Acute Disease0
7
1985201526.0low114110
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis0
1
2010201014.0low000100
Acute Lung Injury0
1
202120213.0low000001
Acute Necrotizing Encephalitis, Herpetic0
1
2006200618.0low000100
Acute Post-operative Pain0
7
1993201618.1low202320
Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder0
1
2004200420.0low000100
Addiction, Opioid0
15
1984202218.9low014541
Adenocarcinoma0
2
1994200823.0low001100
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell0
2
1994200823.0low001100
Adenoma0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Adenoma, Basal Cell0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Adipocere0
1
2008200816.0low000100
Adjuvant Arthritis0
9
1986200432.0low044100
Adrenal Cancer0
4
1981198839.2low040000
Adrenal Gland Diseases0
1
1994199430.0low001000
Affective Disorders0
6
200920229.3low000231
Age-Related Memory Disorders0
8
1993201825.0low007010
Aggression0
2
2003200918.0low000200
Aging0
34
1983202023.9low0613960
Agitation, Psychomotor0
2
2009201910.0low000110
AIDS-Related Complex0
1
2005200519.0low000100
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease0
2
1986198638.0low020000
Alcohol Abuse0
23
198320239.8low0103136
Alcohol Abuse, Nervous System0
1
2000200024.0low001000
Alcohol Drinking0
25
1988202315.0low015784
Alcoholic Intoxication0
1
2013201311.0low000010
Alcoholism0
23
198320239.8low0103136
Allergic Reaction0
1
201620168.0low000010
Allodynia0
58
1988202318.8low051322162
Alloxan Diabetes0
7
1991202021.3low004120
alpha-Galactosidase A Deficiency0
1
202120213.0low000001
Alzheimer Disease0
6
1991201421.7low003120
Amnesia0
9
1985200029.0low018000
Amnesia-Memory Loss0
9
1985200029.0low018000
Amnesia, Pre-Ictal0
1
1985198539.0low010000
Amphetamine Abuse0
2
2006200817.0low000200
Amphetamine-Related Disorders0
2
2006200817.0low000200
Anankastic Personality0
2
1992199431.0low002000
Anasarca0
10
1995200624.2low005500
Androgenization0
1
2007200717.0low000100
Anesthesia0
5
1991200426.0low003200
Angina Pectoris0
1
1992199232.0low001000
Angor Pectoris0
1
1992199232.0low001000
Anhedonia0
5
201220246.8low000041
Anochlesia0
5
1980200931.0low022100
Anorexia0
4
1984198838.8low040000
Anorexia Nervosa0
3
1991199331.7low003000
Anoxemia0
5
1986199831.4low023000
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain0
1
2002200222.0low000100
Anoxia, Brain0
3
1994199827.7low003000
Anoxia, Fetal0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction0
2
1985199534.0low011000
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack0
4
1986199532.0low013000
Anxiety0
16
2006202210.2low0005101
Anxiety Disorders0
3
2012201610.3low000030
Anxiety Neuroses0
3
2012201610.3low000030
Aphakia0
1
2007200717.0low000100
Apoplexy0
2
2008200915.5low000200
Appetite Disorders0
4
1984198838.8low040000
ARC0
1
2005200519.0low000100
Arrhythmia0
12
1987200029.2low0210000
Arrhythmias, Cardiac0
12
1987200029.2low0210000
Arteriosclerosis0
2
1991199232.5low002000
Arthralgia0
1
1999199925.0low001000
Arthritis0
7
1985200034.7low052000
Arthritis, Degenerative0
3
2011201710.7low000030
Arthritis, Rheumatoid0
2
1988201522.5low010010
As If Personality0
1
2010201014.0low000100
Asphyxia Neonatorum0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Astrocytosis0
1
2007200717.0low000100
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy0
3
1989200626.0low011100
Ataxias, Hereditary0
4
2010201610.8low000130
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism0
5
2002201316.8low000410
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia0
1
1992199232.0low001000
Atrophy0
1
1989198935.0low010000
Aura0
20
1983202224.2low046622
Autism0
1
1994199430.0low001000
Autism Spectrum Disorder0
1
201720177.0low000010
Autism-Dementia-Ataxia-Loss of Purposeful Hand Use Syndrome0
1
1994199430.0low001000
Autistic Disorder0
1
1994199430.0low001000
Autoimmune Diabetes0
1
1996199628.0low001000
Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System0
1
2005200519.0low000100
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease0
20
2001202113.0low0001181
Autotomy Human0
2
1993199530.0low002000
Back Ache0
1
2013201311.0low000010
Back Pain0
1
2013201311.0low000010
Basal Ganglia Diseases0
1
1994199430.0low001000
Behavior Disorders0
6
1994201913.3low001140
Benign Neoplasms0
3
1985199435.3low021000
Benign Neoplasms, Brain0
2
2004201315.5low000110
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood0
16
1989202219.9low015631
Bilateral Headache0
1
202220222.0low000001
Bile Duct Obstruction0
2
1995200524.0low001100
Binge Alcohol Consumption0
1
201920195.0low000010
Binge Eating0
2
1991199232.5low002000
Blast Injuries0
2
202220222.0low000002
Bleeding0
6
1984199932.0low015000
Blood Pressure, High0
21
1984200929.8low2316200
Blood Pressure, Low0
5
1988199931.6low014000
Body Weight0
38
1986202222.0low0881282
Bone Cancer0
4
2004201613.0low000220
Bone Neoplasms0
4
2004201613.0low000220
Borna Disease0
2
2002200620.0low000200
Bradyarrhythmia0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Bradycardia0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Bradykinesia0
1
2001200123.0low000100
Brain Diseases0
3
1999201317.0low001110
Brain Disorders0
3
1999201317.0low001110
Brain Edema0
2
1997201020.5low001100
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Brain Inflammation0
1
2008200816.0low000100
Brain Injuries0
13
1986201226.1low036220
Brain Injuries, Traumatic0
1
202220222.0low000001
Brain Ischemia0
16
1985200928.8low148400
Brain Neoplasms0
2
2004201315.5low000110
Brain Swelling0
2
1997201020.5low001100
Broad Thumb-Hallux Syndrome0
1
2004200420.0low000100
Bulimia0
2
1991199232.5low002000
Burns0
1
1995199529.0low001000
Cancer of Endometrium0
1
1994199430.0low001000
Cancer of Lung0
2
2004201017.0low000200
Cancer of Pituitary0
2
1989199333.0low011000
Cancer of Prostate0
1
1988198836.0low010000
Cancer of Testis0
1
1989198935.0low010000
Cancer of the Thymus0
2
1993200823.5low001100
Cancer of the Uterus0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning0
2
1997200025.5low002000
Carcinoma0
1
2010201014.0low000100
Carcinoma 256, Walker0
3
1985198838.0low030000
Carcinoma, Anaplastic0
1
2010201014.0low000100
Carcinoma, Oat Cell0
2
1991200426.5low001100
Carcinoma, Small Cell0
2
1991200426.5low001100
Carcinoma, Thymic0
3
1993200825.3low002100
Cardiac Complex, Premature0
1
1992199232.0low001000
Cardiac Conduction Defect0
1
201920195.0low000010
Cardiac Failure0
2
1993199629.5low002000
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular0
1
2009200915.0low000100
Cardiometabolic Syndrome0
1
201920195.0low000010
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive0
1
1998199826.0low101000
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated0
1
1998199826.0low101000
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic0
1
1997199727.0low001000
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive0
1
1997199727.0low001000
Cardiovascular Diseases0
3
1985202023.3low011010
Cardiovascular Stroke0
4
1992201122.0low002110
Central Hypothyroidism0
2
1982199535.5low011000
Central Nervous System Disease0
2
1986200429.0low010100
Central Nervous System Diseases0
2
1986200429.0low010100
Cerebral Hemorrhage0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Cerebral Infarction0
2
1985199534.0low011000
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery0
1
202120213.0low000001
Cerebral Ischemia0
16
1985200928.8low148400
Chemical Dependence0
35
1988202216.2low01911113
Cholelithiasis0
1
1992199232.0low001000
Cholestasis0
2
1995200524.0low001100
Choriocarcinoma0
1
2004200420.0low000100
Chronic Disease0
25
1985201623.0low1471130
Chronic Illness0
25
1985201623.0low1471130
Chronic Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder0
6
1986199932.8low133000
Chronic Pain0
8
201120236.1low000053
Circulatory Collapse0
1
1985198539.0low010000
Clasp-Knife Spasticity0
2
1994200524.5low001100
Closed Head Injuries0
1
2010201014.0low000100
Cocaine Abuse0
22
1999201916.6low1041260
Cocaine-Related Disorders0
22
1999201916.6low1041260
Cognition Disorders0
3
201420236.7low000021
Cognitive Decline0
2
201820233.5low000011
Cognitive Dysfunction0
2
201820233.5low000011
Colicky Pain0
3
1993201617.7low001110
Colitis0
1
201720177.0low000010
Complication, Postoperative0
1
2011201113.0low000010
Compulsive Eating0
1
201720177.0low000010
Constriction, Pathologic0
1
1991199133.0low001000
Constriction, Pathological0
1
1991199133.0low001000
Conus Medullaris Syndrome0
1
2005200519.0low000100
Convulsions, Febrile0
1
1991199133.0low001000
Coronary Disease0
1
1987198737.0low010000
Coronary Heart Disease0
1
1987198737.0low010000
Cot Death0
1
201720177.0low000010
Cranial Nerve V Injury0
1
1994199430.0low001000
Craniofacial Pain0
3
1995201520.3low001110
Curling Ulcer0
1
1985198539.0low010000
Cytomegalovirus0
1
2011201113.0low000010
Death, Sudden0
1
201920195.0low000010
Decerebrate Posturing0
6
1985199733.7low033000
Decreased Muscle Tone0
1
1996199628.0low001000
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System0
2
2005201116.0low000110
Dehydration0
7
1980199438.3low052000
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure0
11
1995202114.3low003242
Delirium0
1
201920195.0low000010
Delirium of Mixed Origin0
1
201920195.0low000010
Dementia Praecox0
10
1985202219.0low022141
Dental Pulp Disease0
1
1986198638.0low010000
Dental Pulp Diseases0
1
1986198638.0low010000
Depression0
10
200220239.6low000415
Depression, Endogenous0
2
1991201023.5low001100
Depression, Involutional0
5
201620224.4low000023
Depressive Disorder0
2
1991201023.5low001100
Depressive Disorder, Major0
5
201620224.4low000023
Dermatitis0
1
2014201410.0low000010
Dermatitis, Atopic0
2
2007201413.5low000110
Developmental Coordination Disorder0
1
2012201212.0low000010
Diabetes Insipidus0
3
1981199037.7low021000
Diabetes Mellitus0
1
1984198440.0low010000
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset0
2
1985201822.5low010010
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 10
1
1996199628.0low001000
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 20
2
1985201822.5low010010
Diabetic Neuropathies0
3
1989200626.0low011100
Diarrhea0
1
1982198242.0low010000
Diathesis0
2
1994200425.0low101100
Diffuse Myofascial Pain Syndrome0
2
1991199829.5low002000
Disc, Herniated0
1
2001200123.0low000100
Disease Exacerbation0
4
1998200820.8low001300
Disease Models, Animal0
112
1984202216.6low051549394
Disease, Pulmonary0
1
2009200915.0low000100
Diseases of Endocrine System0
2
1985198738.0low020000
Diseases, Metabolic0
1
202120213.0low000001
Down Syndrome0
2
1996201319.5low001010
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms0
56
1981202320.5low451914162
Duodenal Ulcer0
1
1985198539.0low010000
Dyskinesia Syndromes0
3
1988201525.0low011010
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced0
28
1990202015.4low00412120
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced0
28
1990202015.4low00412120
Dysmenorrhea0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Dystonia0
2
2009201114.0low000110
Ear Infection0
1
201920195.0low000010
Eczema, Atopic0
2
2007201413.5low000110
Edema0
10
1995200624.2low005500
EHS Tumor0
1
2000200024.0low001000
Electrolytes0
1
1994199430.0low101000
Encephalitis0
1
2008200816.0low000100
Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex0
1
2006200618.0low000100
Encephalitis, Viral0
1
2006200618.0low000100
Encephalopathy, Hepatic0
1
1995199529.0low001000
Encephalopathy, Toxic0
2
2006202110.5low000101
Encephalopathy, Traumatic0
1
202220222.0low000001
Endocrine System Diseases0
2
1985198738.0low020000
Endometrial Neoplasms0
1
1994199430.0low001000
Endometrioma0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Endometriosis0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Endotoxin Shock0
2
1984198440.0low020000
Entrapment Neuropathies0
1
2003200321.0low000100
Epilepsy0
20
1983202224.2low046622
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe0
16
1989202219.9low015631
Erectile Dysfunction0
1
201920195.0low000010
Esophageal Reflux0
1
202320231.0low000001
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms0
1
1986198638.0low010000
Experimental Neoplasms0
1
1987198737.0low010000
Fabry Disease0
1
202120213.0low000001
Facial Pain0
3
1995201520.3low001110
Familial Precocious Puberty0
1
2013201311.0low000010
Feeding and Eating Disorders0
4
1984198838.8low040000
Femoral Fractures0
1
2007200717.0low000100
Fetal Distress0
1
2002200222.0low000100
Fetal Hypoxia0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Fever0
2
1985200230.5low010100
Fibromyalgia0
2
1991199829.5low002000
Foot Diseases0
1
1992199232.0low001000
Gallstone Disease0
1
1992199232.0low001000
Gastroesophageal Reflux0
1
202320231.0low000001
Gelineau Syndrome0
2
2004200519.5low000200
Genetic Predisposition0
4
2005201813.8low000220
Germinoblastoma0
1
1996199628.0low001000
Glial Cell Tumors0
2
1983200132.0low010100
Glioma0
2
1983200132.0low010100
Headache0
1
202220222.0low000001
Headache, Tension0
1
1994199430.0low101000
Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced0
1
201920195.0low000010
Heart Disease, Ischemic0
7
1993200823.6low004300
Heart Failure0
2
1993199629.5low002000
Hemorrhage0
6
1984199932.0low015000
Hemorrhagic Shock0
3
1984198738.7low030000
Hepatic Encephalopathy0
1
1995199529.0low001000
Heroin Abuse0
5
1982201821.6low311210
Heroin Dependence0
5
1982201821.6low311210
Herpes Zoster0
1
1985198539.0low010000
Hibernation, Myocardial0
1
2006200618.0low000100
Hot Flashes0
4
201320197.8low100040
Huntington Disease0
2
1986198638.0low020000
Hyperactivity, Motor0
1
2001200123.0low000100
Hyperandrogenism0
2
202220231.5low000002
Hypercapnia0
1
1986198638.0low010000
Hyperesthesia0
6
1988200329.3low031200
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism0
4
201620215.2low000031
Hyperphagia0
3
1996201219.3low001110
Hypersensitivity0
1
201620168.0low000010
Hypertension0
21
1984200929.8low2316200
Hypertension, Pulmonary0
2
2000201616.0low001010
Hyperthyroid0
2
1982199535.5low011000
Hyperthyroidism0
2
1982199535.5low011000
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular0
1
2009200915.0low000100
Hyperventilation0
1
2002200222.0low100100
Hypogonadism0
4
201620215.2low000031
Hypotension0
5
1988199931.6low014000
Hypothermia0
3
1989200822.3low010200
Hypothermia, Accidental0
3
1989200822.3low010200
Hypothyroidism0
2
1982199535.5low011000
Hypoxia0
5
1986199831.4low023000
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain0
1
2002200222.0low000100
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease0
17
1984201719.1low123390
Impotence0
1
201920195.0low000010
Inadequate Sleep0
1
1986198638.0low010000
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery0
1
202120213.0low000001
Infections, Mycobacterium0
1
1985198539.0low010000
Infections, Pseudomonas0
1
2009200915.0low000100
Infertility, Male0
1
201920195.0low000010
Inflammation0
55
1986201923.9low082215100
Injuries, Soft Tissue0
1
1998199826.0low001000
Injuries, Spinal Cord0
33
1985202227.1low0617811
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion0
1
2011201113.0low000010
Innate Inflammatory Response0
55
1986201923.9low082215100
Interstitial Cell Tumor0
1
1989198935.0low010000
Intervertebral Disc Displacement0
1
2001200123.0low000100
Intraocular Pressure0
1
2002200222.0low000100
Ischemia0
5
1989200527.0low013100
Ischemic Attack, Transient0
4
1986199532.0low013000
Itching0
13
200720219.7low1002101
Joint Pain0
1
1999199925.0low001000
Labor Pain0
1
201620168.0low000010
Learning Disabilities0
6
1991200626.3low005100
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy0
1
2009200915.0low000100
Lesion of Sciatic Nerve0
5
2003201418.0low000410
Liver Diseases0
1
201920195.0low000010
Liver Dysfunction0
1
201920195.0low000010
Lung Diseases0
1
2009200915.0low000100
Lung Injury, Acute0
1
202120213.0low000001
Lung Neoplasms0
2
2004201017.0low000200
Lymphoma0
1
1996199628.0low001000
Malnourishment0
2
202020223.0low000011
Malnutrition0
2
202020223.0low000011
Memory Disorders0
8
1993201825.0low007010
Menopause0
2
2009201711.0low000110
Menstruation, Painful0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Mental Disorders0
6
1994201913.3low001140
Metabolic Acidosis0
1
2009200915.0low000100
Metabolic Diseases0
1
202120213.0low000001
Metabolic Syndrome0
1
201920195.0low000010
Migraine Disorders0
1
202220222.0low000001
Mitral Stenosis0
1
1995199529.0low001000
Mitral Valve Stenosis0
1
1995199529.0low001000
Mood Disorders0
6
200920229.3low000231
Morphine Abuse0
19
1981202126.3low056521
Morphine Dependence0
19
1981202126.3low056521
Movement Disorders0
3
1988201525.0low011010
MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome0
2
2009201213.5low000110
Muscle Contraction0
72
1980201834.7low04125420
Muscle Relaxation0
4
1994200624.2low003100
Muscle Spasticity0
2
1994200524.5low001100
Mycobacterium Infections0
1
1985198539.0low010000
Myelopathy0
4
1989199532.2low022000
Myocardial Infarction0
4
1992201122.0low002110
Myocardial Ischemia0
7
1993200823.6low004300
Narcolepsy0
2
2004200519.5low000200
Nausea0
1
2000200024.0low101000
Necrosis0
1
1995199529.0low001000
Neoplasms0
3
1985199435.3low021000
Nerve Degeneration0
8
1986200722.2low010700
Nerve Pain0
24
1997202312.5low0037104
Nervous System Diseases0
3
1985201124.0low010110
Nervous System Disorders0
3
1985201124.0low010110
Neuralgia0
24
1997202312.5low0037104
Neuralgia, Sciatic0
1
2006200618.0low000100
Neuritis0
2
1999200024.5low002000
Neuroblastoma0
12
1983201128.6low053310
Neurodegenerative Diseases0
2
2005201116.0low000110
Neurogenic Inflammation0
2
1999200223.5low001100
Nicotine Addiction0
3
2013201410.7low000030
Nociceptive Pain0
1
2013201311.0low000010
Obesity0
16
1982202314.4low031255
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder0
2
1992199431.0low002000
Opioid-Related Disorders0
15
1984202218.9low014541
Osteoarthritis0
3
2011201710.7low000030
Osteolysis0
1
2000200024.0low001000
Pain0
167
1980202425.3low0464254223
Pain, Chronic0
8
201120236.1low000053
Pain, Intractable0
1
1985198539.0low010000
Pain, Postoperative0
7
1993201618.1low202320
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis0
1
2011201113.0low000010
Palsy0
20
1984200932.0low099200
Pancreatitis0
1
2010201014.0low000100
Panic Attacks0
1
1991199133.0low001000
Panic Disorder0
1
1991199133.0low001000
Paralysis0
20
1984200932.0low099200
Paralysis, Legs0
4
1983201428.8low021010
Paraplegia0
4
1983201428.8low021010
Parkinson Disease0
17
1984201719.1low123390
Parkinson Disease, Secondary0
5
2002201316.8low000410
Parkinsonian Disorders0
20
2001202113.0low0001181
Peripheral Nerve Diseases0
10
1988200824.3low022600
Peripheral Nerve Injuries0
5
1996201419.8low002210
Peripheral Nerve Injury0
5
1996201419.8low002210
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases0
10
1988200824.3low022600
Pheochromocytoma0
6
1981199635.7low042000
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal0
6
1981199635.7low042000
Pituitary Neoplasms0
2
1989199333.0low011000
Plica Syndrome0
1
1993199331.0low101000
Polyarthritis0
7
1985200034.7low052000
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome0
8
1995202310.2low102033
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome0
8
1995202310.2low102033
Postoperative Complications0
1
2011201113.0low000010
Pregnancy0
72
1983202124.0low0123113133
Prostatic Neoplasms0
1
1988198836.0low010000
Pruritus0
13
200720219.7low1002101
Pseudomonas Infections0
1
2009200915.0low000100
Psoriasis0
1
2011201113.0low000010
Psychomotor Agitation0
2
2009201910.0low000110
Psychoses0
2
2007201911.0low000110
Psychotic Disorders0
2
2007201911.0low000110
Puberty, Precocious0
1
2013201311.0low000010
Pulmonary Hypertension0
2
2000201616.0low001010
Pulsatile Tinnitus0
3
1999201319.7low001110
Pyrexia0
2
1985200230.5low010100
Recrudescence0
7
1996201217.3low001420
Rett Syndrome0
1
1994199430.0low001000
Rheumatoid Arthritis0
2
1988201522.5low010010
Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome0
1
2004200420.0low000100
Sarcoma0
1
2004200420.0low000100
Sarcoma, Epithelioid0
1
2004200420.0low000100
Schizophrenia0
10
1985202219.0low022141
Sciatica0
1
2006200618.0low000100
Sclerosis0
4
1999200920.2low001300
Seizures0
22
1983202230.8low0116311
Seizures, Febrile0
1
1991199133.0low001000
Sensitivity and Specificity0
11
1990200927.1low008300
Shingles0
1
1985198539.0low010000
Shock0
1
1985198539.0low010000
Shock, Cardiogenic0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Shock, Septic0
2
1984198440.0low020000
Spinal Cord Diseases0
4
1989199532.2low022000
Spinal Cord Injuries0
33
1985202227.1low0617811
Splanchnoptosis0
1
1988198836.0low010000
Starvation0
2
1983198440.5low020000
Status Epilepticus0
4
1999201120.2low001210
Sterility, Male0
1
201920195.0low000010
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic0
1
2004200420.0low000100
Stroke0
2
2008200915.5low000200
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome0
56
1981202320.5low451914162
Substance-Related Disorders0
35
1988202216.2low01911113
Symptom Cluster0
1
2009200915.0low100100
Syndrome0
1
2009200915.0low100100
Synovitis0
1
1993199331.0low101000
Tachycardia, Ventricular0
1
1992199232.0low001000
Temporomandibular Disorders0
2
1999200124.0low001100
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders0
2
1999200124.0low001100
Tension-Type Headache0
1
1994199430.0low101000
Testicular Neoplasms0
1
1989198935.0low010000
Thromboembolism0
1
1991199133.0low001000
Thymoma0
3
1993200825.3low002100
Thymus Neoplasms0
2
1993200823.5low001100
Thyroid Diseases0
1
1982198242.0low010000
Tinnitus0
3
1999201319.7low001110
Tobacco Use Disorder0
3
2013201410.7low000030
Tourette Syndrome0
6
1986199932.8low133000
Tremor0
2
1991200725.0low001100
Uterine Neoplasms0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Ventricular Fibrillation0
1
1999199925.0low001000
Weight Gain0
1
1996199628.0low001000
Weight Loss0
1
2007200717.0low000100
Weight Reduction0
1
2007200717.0low000100
Wounds, Gunshot0
1
1985198539.0low010000
Absence Seizure0
2
1986199135.5low011000
Absence Status0
2
1999200223.5low001100
Academic Disorder, Developmental0
4
1996199826.8low004000
Ache0
13
1980201630.6low082030
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Acute Disease0
1
1985198539.0low010000
Addiction, Opioid0
3
1992199829.0low003000
Adrenal Cancer0
1
1983198341.0low010000
Age-Related Memory Disorders0
7
1993199827.7low007000
Aggression0
1
2003200321.0low000100
Aging0
1
1996199628.0low001000
Alzheimer Disease0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Amnesia0
7
1985200029.9low016000
Amnesia-Memory Loss0
7
1985200029.9low016000
Amnesia, Pre-Ictal0
1
1985198539.0low010000
Anesthesia0
1
1991199133.0low001000
Anochlesia0
2
1980198641.0low020000
Anorexia0
1
1984198440.0low010000
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain0
1
2002200222.0low000100
Anoxia, Brain0
1
1997199727.0low001000
Anoxia, Fetal0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction0
1
1985198539.0low010000
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Appetite Disorders0
1
1984198440.0low010000
Arrhythmia0
7
1987200029.6low025000
Arrhythmias, Cardiac0
7
1987200029.6low025000
Asphyxia Neonatorum0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia0
1
1992199232.0low001000
Aura0
1
1987198737.0low010000
Benign Neoplasms0
1
1985198539.0low010000
Bleeding0
2
1991199431.5low002000
Blood Pressure, Low0
1
1991199133.0low001000
Body Weight0
1
2007200717.0low000100
Brain Edema0
1
1997199727.0low001000
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Brain Ischemia0
5
1985200232.0low022100
Brain Swelling0
1
1997199727.0low001000
Cancer of the Uterus0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning0
1
1997199727.0low001000
Cardiac Complex, Premature0
1
1992199232.0low001000
Cerebral Hemorrhage0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Cerebral Infarction0
1
1985198539.0low010000
Cerebral Ischemia0
5
1985200232.0low022100
Chemical Dependence0
2
1993199828.5low002000
Cocaine Abuse0
1
1999199925.0low101000
Cocaine-Related Disorders0
1
1999199925.0low101000
Congenital Zika Syndrome0
1
202020204.0low000010
Coronary Disease0
1
1987198737.0low010000
Coronary Heart Disease0
1
1987198737.0low010000
Decerebrate Posturing0
1
1985198539.0low010000
Dehydration0
1
1981198143.0low010000
Diabetes Insipidus0
1
1981198143.0low010000
Disease Models, Animal0
5
1986202024.0low012110
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms0
9
1984199831.8low127000
Dysmenorrhea0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Endometrioma0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Endometriosis0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Endotoxin Shock0
1
1984198440.0low010000
Epilepsy0
1
1987198737.0low010000
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms0
1
1986198638.0low010000
Feeding and Eating Disorders0
1
1984198440.0low010000
Fetal Hypoxia0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Heart Disease, Ischemic0
2
2000200024.0low002000
Hemorrhage0
2
1991199431.5low002000
Herpes Zoster0
1
1985198539.0low010000
Hypotension0
1
1991199133.0low001000
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain0
1
2002200222.0low000100
Inflammation0
1
1986198638.0low010000
Injuries, Spinal Cord0
3
1995199628.7low003000
Innate Inflammatory Response0
1
1986198638.0low010000
Ischemia0
1
2000200024.0low001000
Ischemic Attack, Transient0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Learning Disabilities0
4
1996199826.8low004000
Memory Disorders0
7
1993199827.7low007000
Menstruation, Painful0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Mitral Stenosis0
1
1995199529.0low001000
Mitral Valve Stenosis0
1
1995199529.0low001000
Morphine Abuse0
5
1982199834.8low023000
Morphine Dependence0
5
1982199834.8low023000
Muscle Contraction0
26
1980199837.1low0197000
Muscle Relaxation0
2
1994200624.0low001100
Myelopathy0
1
1989198935.0low010000
Myocardial Ischemia0
2
2000200024.0low002000
Neoplasms0
1
1985198539.0low010000
Nerve Pain0
1
1997199727.0low001000
Neuralgia0
1
1997199727.0low001000
Neuroblastoma0
1
1986198638.0low010000
Opioid-Related Disorders0
3
1992199829.0low003000
Pain0
13
1980201630.6low082030
Pain, Intractable0
1
1985198539.0low010000
Palsy0
6
1988199334.5low042000
Paralysis0
6
1988199334.5low042000
Peripheral Nerve Diseases0
1
1997199727.0low001000
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases0
1
1997199727.0low001000
Pheochromocytoma0
1
1983198341.0low010000
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal0
1
1983198341.0low010000
Pregnancy0
7
1983200330.9low024100
Seizures0
2
1986199135.5low011000
Sensitivity and Specificity0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Shingles0
1
1985198539.0low010000
Shock, Septic0
1
1984198440.0low010000
Spinal Cord Diseases0
1
1989198935.0low010000
Spinal Cord Injuries0
3
1995199628.7low003000
Splanchnoptosis0
1
1988198836.0low010000
Status Epilepticus0
2
1999200223.5low001100
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome0
9
1984199831.8low127000
Substance-Related Disorders0
2
1993199828.5low002000
Tachycardia, Ventricular0
1
1992199232.0low001000
Uterine Neoplasms0
1
1993199331.0low001000
Wounds, Gunshot0
1
1985198539.0low010000
Zika Virus Infection0
1
202020204.0low000010

Safety/Toxicity (20)

ArticleYear
Evidence for a dynorphin-mediated inner ear immune/inflammatory response and glutamate-induced neural excitotoxicity: an updated analysis.
Journal of neurophysiology, , 10-01, Volume: 122, Issue:4		2019
Ginsenoside Re protects methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice via upregulation of dynorphin-mediated κ-opioid receptor and downregulation of substance P-mediated neurokinin 1 receptor.
Journal of neuroinflammation, , Feb-21, Volume: 15, Issue:1		2018
Altered secondary structure of Dynorphin A associates with loss of opioid signalling and NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity in SCA23.
Human molecular genetics, , 07-01, Volume: 25, Issue:13		2016
Minocycline prevents dynorphin-induced neurotoxicity during neuropathic pain in rats.
Neuropharmacology, , Volume: 86		2014
Effect of three peptidase inhibitors on antinociceptive potential and toxicity with intracerebroventricular administration of dynorphin A (1-17) or (1-13) in the rat.
Journal of anesthesia, , Volume: 29, Issue:1		2015
Isoflurane attenuates dynorphin-induced cytotoxicity and downregulation of Bcl-2 expression in differentiated neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.
Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, , Volume: 53, Issue:1		2009
Decoy peptides that bind dynorphin noncovalently prevent NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity.
Journal of proteome research, , Volume: 5, Issue:4		2006
Dynorphin-A(1-17) decreases nitric oxide release and cytotoxicity induced with lipopolysaccharide plus interferon-gamma in murine macrophage cell line J774.
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, , Volume: 57, Issue:8		2003
Dynorphin A toxicity in striatal neurons via an alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate/kainate receptor mechanism.
Neuroscience, , Volume: 116, Issue:3		2003
[Role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in dynorphin spinal neurotoxicity and analgesia in rats].
Zhonghua yi xue za zhi, , Volume: 79, Issue:3		1999
Cytotoxic effects of dynorphins through nonopioid intracellular mechanisms.
Experimental cell research, , Sep-10, Volume: 269, Issue:1		2001
Structure-activity analysis of dynorphin A toxicity in spinal cord neurons: intrinsic neurotoxicity of dynorphin A and its carboxyl-terminal, nonopioid metabolites.
Experimental neurology, , Volume: 168, Issue:1		2001
Dynorphin A (1-13) neurotoxicity in vitro: opioid and non-opioid mechanisms in mouse spinal cord neurons.
Experimental neurology, , Volume: 160, Issue:2		1999
Dual role for nitric oxide in dynorphin spinal neurotoxicity.
Journal of neurotrauma, , Volume: 16, Issue:1		1999
Computer simulation of neuronal toxicity in the spinal cord.
Neurological research, , Volume: 19, Issue:3		1997
Chronic intracerebroventricular administration of beta-endorphin augments natural killer cell cytotoxicity in rats.
Regulatory peptides, , Apr-23, Volume: 62, Issue:2-3		1996
Dynorphin neurotoxicity induced nitric oxide synthase expression in ventral horn cells of rat spinal cord.
Neuroscience letters, , Jan-12, Volume: 203, Issue:1		1996
Localization of dynorphin-induced neurotoxicity in rat spinal cord.
Life sciences, , Volume: 44, Issue:20		1989
Intrathecal somatostatin, somatostatin analogs, substance P analog and dynorphin A cause comparable neurotoxicity in rats.
Neuroscience, , Volume: 39, Issue:3		1990
Selective potentiation of NMDA-induced activity and release of excitatory amino acids by dynorphin: possible roles in paralysis and neurotoxicity.
Brain research, , Mar-20, Volume: 575, Issue:2		1992

Long-term Use (29)

ArticleYear
Diverse serotonin actions of vilazodone reduce l-3,4-dihidroxyphenylalanine-induced dyskinesia in hemi-parkinsonian rats.
Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, , Volume: 33, Issue:11		2018
Activation of PPAR gamma receptors reduces levodopa-induced dyskinesias in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats.
Neurobiology of disease, , Volume: 74		2015
Epigenetic regulation of spinal cord gene expression controls opioid-induced hyperalgesia.
Molecular pain, , Sep-12, Volume: 10		2014
Kappa opioid receptor activation decreases inhibitory transmission and antagonizes alcohol effects in rat central amygdala.
Neuropharmacology, , Volume: 77		2014
Chronic nicotine treatment impacts the regulation of opioid and non-opioid peptides in the rat dorsal striatum.
Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP, , Volume: 12, Issue:6		2013
Controlled-release levodopa methyl ester/benserazide-loaded nanoparticles ameliorate levodopa-induced dyskinesia in rats.
International journal of nanomedicine, , Volume: 7		2012
Dynorphin and prodynorphin mRNA changes in the striatum during nicotine withdrawal.
Synapse (New York, N.Y.), , Volume: 62, Issue:6		2008
Striatal output markers do not alter in response to circling behaviour in 6-OHDA lesioned rats produced by acute or chronic administration of the monoamine uptake inhibitor BTS 74 398.
Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), , Volume: 115, Issue:3		2008
Spatiotemporal pattern of striatal ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a rat model of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and the role of dopamine D1 receptors.
Biological psychiatry, , Oct-01, Volume: 62, Issue:7		2007
Characterization of the antiparkinsonian effects of the new adenosine A2A receptor antagonist ST1535: acute and subchronic studies in rats.
European journal of pharmacology, , Jul-02, Volume: 566, Issue:1-3		2007
Alterations in prodynorphin gene expression and dynorphin levels in different brain regions after chronic administration of 14-methoxymetopon and oxycodone-6-oxime.
Brain research bulletin, , Jul-31, Volume: 70, Issue:3		2006
Coordinated and spatial upregulation of arc in striatonigral neurons correlates with L-dopa-induced behavioral sensitization in dyskinetic rats.
Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology, , Volume: 64, Issue:11		2005
Endothelin and the tumorigenic component of bone cancer pain.
Neuroscience, , Volume: 126, Issue:4		2004
Effects of chronic administration of PL017 and beta-funaltrexamine hydrochloride on susceptibility of kainic acid-induced seizures in rats.
Sheng li xue bao : [Acta physiologica Sinica], , Feb-25, Volume: 56, Issue:1		2004
Opioid receptor blockade in rat nucleus tractus solitarius alters amygdala dynorphin gene expression.
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, , Volume: 283, Issue:1		2002
Dynorphin promotes abnormal pain and spinal opioid antinociceptive tolerance.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, , Sep-15, Volume: 20, Issue:18		2000
Contrasting patterns and cellular specificity of transcriptional regulation of the nuclear receptor nerve growth factor-inducible B by haloperidol and clozapine in the rat forebrain.
Journal of neurochemistry, , Volume: 75, Issue:4		2000
Selective increase of dopamine D3 receptor gene expression as a common effect of chronic antidepressant treatments.
Molecular psychiatry, , Volume: 5, Issue:4		2000
Methamphetamine alters prodynorphin gene expression and dynorphin A levels in rat hypothalamus.
European journal of pharmacology, , Jan-22, Volume: 365, Issue:2-3		1999
Regulation of mu binding sites after chronic administration of antibodies directed against specific anti-opiate peptides.
Peptides, , Volume: 19, Issue:10		1998
Differential agonist regulation of the human kappa-opioid receptor.
Journal of neurochemistry, , Volume: 68, Issue:5		1997
Chronic administration of morphine decreases level of dynorphin A in the rat nucleus accumbens.
Neuropharmacology, , Volume: 32, Issue:7		1993
1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid protects against dynorphin A-induced spinal injury.
European journal of pharmacology, , Aug-22, Volume: 261, Issue:3		1994
Lithium increases dynorphin A(1-8) and prodynorphin mRNA levels in the basal ganglia of rats.
Brain research, , Volume: 427, Issue:2		1988
Differential effects of heroin on opioid levels in the rat brain.
European journal of pharmacology, , Jul-02, Volume: 139, Issue:1		1987
Effect of oral contraceptives on the rat brain and pituitary opioid peptides.
Peptides, , Volume: 6, Issue:3
Immunohistochemical evidence for different opioid systems in the rat superior cervical ganglion as revealed by imipramine treatment and receptor blockade.
Journal of chemical neuroanatomy, , Volume: 2, Issue:2
Cocaine selectively increases striatonigral dynorphin levels by a dopaminergic mechanism.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, , Volume: 250, Issue:3		1989
Levels of dynorphin peptides, substance P and CGRP in the spinal cord after subchronic administration of morphine in the rat.
Neuropharmacology, , Volume: 30, Issue:11		1991

Pharmacokinetics (2)

ArticleYear
Pharmacokinetics of intravenous dynorphin A(1-13) in opioid-naive and opioid-treated human volunteers.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, , Volume: 64, Issue:1		1998
Specific binding and clearance of [3H]dynorphin (1-13) in the perfused rat lung: an application of the multiple-indicator dilution method.
The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, , Volume: 42, Issue:12		1990

Onset of Action (1)

ArticleYear
Zyklophin, a systemically active selective kappa opioid receptor peptide antagonist with short duration of action.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, , Oct-27, Volume: 106, Issue:43		2009

Bioavailability (3)

ArticleYear
Activation of PPAR gamma receptors reduces levodopa-induced dyskinesias in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats.
Neurobiology of disease, , Volume: 74		2015
Anticonvulsant neuropeptides as drug leads for neurological diseases.
Natural product reports, , Volume: 28, Issue:4		2011
The endogenous kappa agonist, dynorphin(1-13), does not alter basal or morphine-stimulated dopamine metabolism in the nigrostriatal pathway of the rat.
Neuropharmacology, , Volume: 26, Issue:11		1987

Dosage (40)

ArticleYear
Effect of three peptidase inhibitors on antinociceptive potential and toxicity with intracerebroventricular administration of dynorphin A (1-17) or (1-13) in the rat.
Journal of anesthesia, , Volume: 29, Issue:1		2015
Neuropathic plasticity in the opioid and non-opioid actions of dynorphin A fragments and their interactions with bradykinin B2 receptors on neuronal activity in the rat spinal cord.
Neuropharmacology, , Volume: 85		2014
Maternally administered sustained-release naltrexone in rats affects offspring neurochemistry and behaviour in adulthood.
PloS one, , Volume: 7, Issue:12		2012
Role of nociceptin/orphanin FQ and the pseudopeptide [Phe1Psi(CH2NH)Gly2]-nociceptin(1-13)-NH2 and their interaction with classic opioids in the modulation of thermonociception in the land snail Helix aspersa.
European journal of pharmacology, , Feb-26, Volume: 581, Issue:1-2		2008
Cisplatin-induced long-term dynorphin A-immunoreactivity in cell somata of rat area postrema neurons.
Neuroscience letters, , Sep-07, Volume: 424, Issue:2		2007
A Phase II, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of CJC-1008--a long-acting, parenteral opioid analgesic--in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia.
Journal of opioid management, , Volume: 2, Issue:3
Spinal NK-1 receptor expressing neurons mediate opioid-induced hyperalgesia and antinociceptive tolerance via activation of descending pathways.
Pain, , Volume: 129, Issue:1-2		2007
The dynamic relationship between mu and kappa opioid receptors in body temperature regulation.
Life sciences, , Dec-12, Volume: 78, Issue:4		2005
Suppressed prolactin response to dynorphin A1-13 in methadone-maintained versus control subjects.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, , Volume: 306, Issue:2		2003
Dynorphin-independent spinal cannabinoid antinociception.
Pain, , Volume: 100, Issue:3		2002
Dynorphin A(1-17)-induced feeding: pharmacological characterization using selective opioid antagonists and antisense probes in rats.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, , Volume: 301, Issue:2		2002
Antagonism of nitrous oxide antinociception in mice by intrathecally administered antisera to endogenous opioid peptides.
Journal of biomedical science, , Volume: 7, Issue:4
Antianalgesic action of dynorphin A mediated by spinal cholecystokinin.
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.), , Volume: 220, Issue:3		1999
Pharmacokinetics of intravenous dynorphin A(1-13) in opioid-naive and opioid-treated human volunteers.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, , Volume: 64, Issue:1		1998
Induction of dopamine D3 receptor expression as a mechanism of behavioral sensitization to levodopa.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, , Apr-01, Volume: 94, Issue:7		1997
The role of endogenous opioids in enhancing the antinociception produced by the combination of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and morphine in the spinal cord.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, , Volume: 279, Issue:2		1996
D1 and D2 receptor regulation of preproenkephalin and preprodynorphin mRNA in rat striatum following acute injection of amphetamine or methamphetamine.
Synapse (New York, N.Y.), , Volume: 22, Issue:2		1996
Modulation of non-adrenergic non-cholinergic inhibitory transmission in rat duodenum: role of opiates and 5-hydroxytryptamine.
Archives italiennes de biologie, , Volume: 131, Issue:2-3		1993
Aquaretic effect of the stable dynorphin-A analog E2078 in the human.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, , Volume: 270, Issue:1		1994
kappa-Opioid receptors also increase potassium conductance.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, , Dec-01, Volume: 90, Issue:23		1993
Dynorphin A modulates acute and chronic opioid effects.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, , Volume: 273, Issue:1		1995
Cocaine binges differentially alter striatal preprodynorphin and zif/268 mRNAs.
Brain research. Molecular brain research, , Volume: 29, Issue:2		1995
Alterations in striatal zif/268, preprodynorphin and preproenkephalin mRNA expression induced by repeated amphetamine administration in rats.
Brain research, , Mar-06, Volume: 673, Issue:2		1995
Identification of dynorphins as endogenous ligands for an opioid receptor-like orphan receptor.
The Journal of biological chemistry, , Sep-29, Volume: 270, Issue:39		1995
The effect of ovariectomy, estradiol and progesterone on opioid modulation of feeding.
Physiology & behavior, , Volume: 33, Issue:2		1984
Antinociceptive action of intracerebroventricularly administered dynorphin and other opioid peptides in the rat.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, , Volume: 246, Issue:2		1988
CNS blockade of acoustic stress-induced gastric motor inhibition by kappa-opiate agonists in dogs.
The American journal of physiology, , Volume: 254, Issue:6 Pt 1		1988
Sensitive method of detection, quantitation and purification of peptides using pre-column derivatization with phenyl isothiocyanate.
Journal of chromatography, , Mar-04, Volume: 425, Issue:1		1988
Differential sensitivity of opioid-induced feeding to naloxone and naloxonazine.
Psychopharmacology, , Volume: 94, Issue:3		1988
Sites of action of mu-, kappa- and sigma-opiate receptor agonists at the feline ileocecal sphincter.
The American journal of physiology, , Volume: 254, Issue:2 Pt 1		1988
Modulators of pain in the spinal cord.
NIDA research monograph, , Volume: 75		1986
Kainic acid as a tool to study the regulation and function of opioid peptides in the hippocampus.
Toxicology, , Oct-30, Volume: 46, Issue:2		1987
Kainic acid alters the metabolism of Met5-enkephalin and the level of dynorphin A in the rat hippocampus.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, , Volume: 6, Issue:10		1986
Opioid peptides rapidly stimulate superoxide production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages.
Endocrinology, , Volume: 117, Issue:2		1985
Endorphins: what are they? How are they measured? What is their role in exercise?
Medicine and science in sports and exercise, , Volume: 17, Issue:1		1985
Differential modulation by [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin and dynorphin A-(1-17) of the inhibitory bladder motility effects of selected mu agonists in vivo.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, , Volume: 249, Issue:2		1989
Possible involvement of beta endorphin(1-31) and dynorphin(1-13) in the central hypotensive mechanism of action of alpha methyldopa.
Neuroendocrinology, , Volume: 49, Issue:1		1989
Differential modulation of striatal dopamine release by intranigral injection of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dynorphin A and substance P.
European journal of pharmacology, , Mar-15, Volume: 147, Issue:3		1988
[Effects of E2078, a new dynorphin derivative, on pituitary-adrenocortical functions in dogs].
Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, , Volume: 39, Issue:7		1990
[Effects of the dynorphin derivative "E2078" on hemodynamics and plasma catecholamines in dogs].
Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, , Volume: 39, Issue:7		1990

Natural Sources (1)

ArticleYear
Kappa Opioid Receptor Ligands and Pharmacology: Diphenethylamines, a Class of Structurally Distinct, Selective Kappa Opioid Ligands.
Handbook of experimental pharmacology, , Volume: 271		2022