4-aminopyridine (4-AP) is a small organic molecule that acts as a potassium channel blocker. It was first synthesized in the early 20th century and has been studied extensively for its pharmacological properties. 4-AP is known to enhance neurotransmission by blocking potassium channels, which leads to prolonged action potentials and increased synaptic transmission. It has been shown to improve muscle function in patients with myasthenia gravis, a neuromuscular disorder. 4-AP is also being investigated for its potential therapeutic effects in other neurological conditions, such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. However, 4-AP can also have side effects, including seizures and cardiovascular problems, and its use is therefore carefully monitored. The mechanism of action of 4-AP, its ability to enhance neurotransmission, and its potential therapeutic applications in neurological disorders make it a significant compound for ongoing research.'
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 1727 |
| CHEMBL ID | 284348 |
| CHEBI ID | 34385 |
| MeSH ID | M0024148 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| HMS3267E21 |
| gtpl2416 |
| smr000058211 |
| MLS000069400 , |
| DIVK1C_000572 |
| KBIO1_000572 |
| ampydin |
| biib-041 |
| dalfampridine-er |
| fampyra |
| fampridine-sr |
| SDCCGMLS-0066228.P001 |
| fampridine-pr |
| neurelan |
| pymadin |
| el-970 |
| amaya |
| pyridin-4-ylamine |
| AC-907/25014071 |
| EU-0100032 |
| SPECTRUM_000155 |
| LOPAC0_000032 |
| vmi-103 |
| pymadine |
| caswell no. 038 |
| ai3-52547 |
| c5h6n2 |
| hsdb 6037 |
| epa pesticide chemical code 069201 |
| einecs 207-987-9 |
| brn 0105782 |
| mi-w-3 |
| rcra waste no. p008 |
| nsc 15041 |
| nsc15041 |
| vmi-10-3 |
| p-aminopyridine |
| wln: t6nj dz |
| pimadin (free base) |
| 4-pyridylamine |
| amino-4 pyridine |
| 4-ap |
| 4-aminopyridine , |
| 4-pyridinamine |
| .gamma.-aminopyridine |
| prc 1237 |
| vmi 10-3 |
| nsc-15041 |
| phillips 1861 |
| compound 1861 |
| avitrol |
| 4 ap |
| avitrol 200 |
| pyridine, 4-amino- |
| 504-24-5 |
| [j.pharmacol.exp.ther. 275:864 (1995)] |
| BIO1_001331 |
| NCGC00015009-01 |
| BIO1_000842 |
| BIO1_000353 |
| BIO2_000762 |
| lopac-a-0152 |
| BIO2_000282 |
| tocris-0940 |
| NCGC00024890-01 |
| CHEBI:34385 , |
| fampridine |
| ampyra |
| fampridina |
| gamma-aminopyridine |
| dalfampridine |
| fampridinum |
| n07xx07 |
| philips 1861 |
| fampridine (jan/inn) |
| ampyra (tn) |
| D04127 |
| dalfampridine (usan) |
| fampyra (tn) |
| neurelan (tn) |
| IDI1_000572 |
| IDI1_034032 |
| pyridin-4-amine |
| pyridine,4-amino |
| inchi=1/c5h6n2/c6-5-1-3-7-4-2-5/h1-4h,(h2,6,7 |
| UPCMLD-DP125:001 |
| STK298717 |
| 4-aminopyridine, 98% |
| 4-aminopyridine 10 |
| chembl284348 , |
| UPCMLD-DP125 |
| bdbm10458 |
| BSPBIO_001562 |
| 4-aminopyridine, >=99% |
| NCGC00024890-09 |
| NCGC00024890-08 |
| NCGC00024890-07 |
| NCGC00024890-04 |
| NCGC00024890-05 |
| NCGC00024890-03 |
| KBIOSS_000282 |
| KBIO2_005771 |
| KBIO2_000635 |
| KBIO2_002850 |
| KBIO3_001888 |
| KBIO3_000564 |
| KBIO3_000563 |
| KBIO2_005418 |
| KBIO2_003203 |
| KBIOSS_000635 |
| KBIOGR_000282 |
| KBIO2_000282 |
| KBIOGR_001505 |
| SPECTRUM4_001013 |
| SPECTRUM3_000914 |
| SPECTRUM2_001413 |
| NINDS_000572 |
| SPBIO_001486 |
| SPECTRUM1501130 |
| SPECTRUM5_001501 |
| NCGC00024890-10 |
| NCGC00024890-02 |
| NCGC00024890-06 |
| 4 aminopyridine |
| vmi 103 |
| NCGC00015009-03 |
| HMS2092F05 |
| A 0152 |
| HMS1989O04 |
| A0414 |
| NCGC00015009-12 |
| fampridine (4-aminopyridine) |
| HMS1361O04 |
| HMS501M14 |
| HMS1791O04 |
| FT-0665455 |
| HMS1921H15 |
| NCGC00015009-08 |
| AKOS000119896 |
| HMS3260G05 |
| pyridin-4-yl-amine |
| tox21_200793 |
| NCGC00258347-01 |
| pharmakon1600-01501130 |
| nsc-757845 |
| nsc757845 |
| dtxsid0023870 , |
| cas-504-24-5 |
| tox21_110065 |
| dtxcid003870 |
| HMS2234N24 |
| 4-amino pyridine |
| CCG-39031 |
| NCGC00015009-05 |
| NCGC00015009-13 |
| NCGC00015009-06 |
| NCGC00015009-02 |
| NCGC00015009-14 |
| NCGC00015009-04 |
| NCGC00015009-10 |
| NCGC00015009-07 |
| NCGC00015009-09 |
| NCGC00015009-11 |
| cl-cob-iii-274-1 |
| KUC111877N |
| biib041 |
| dalfampridine [usan:inn] |
| fampridine [inn] |
| bh3b64okl9 , |
| biib 041 |
| unii-bh3b64okl9 |
| 5-22-09-00106 (beilstein handbook reference) |
| p-aminopyridine [un2671] [poison] |
| 286367-79-1 |
| 4- aminopyridine |
| AM20061261 |
| LP00032 |
| fampridine [mart.] |
| fampridine [who-dd] |
| fampridine [vandf] |
| dalfampridine [usp-rs] |
| fampridine (4-aminopyridine) [vandf] |
| dalfampridine [ii] |
| fampridine [jan] |
| fampridine [ema epar] |
| dalfampridine [vandf] |
| dalfampridine [usan] |
| dalfampridine [mi] |
| dalfampridine [usp monograph] |
| dalfampridine [orange book] |
| dalfampridine [hsdb] |
| S5028 |
| RB8003 |
| 4-aminopyrdine |
| HMS3370J03 |
| BP-21343 |
| DB06637 |
| HY-B0604 |
| tox21_110065_1 |
| 3RXF |
| NCGC00015009-16 |
| tox21_500032 |
| NCGC00260717-01 |
| pyridine-4-ylamine |
| pyridine-4-amine |
| 4-amino-pyridine |
| 4-pyridyl amine |
| frampridine |
| Q-200436 |
| methyl3,5-dibromo-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate |
| BS-3729 |
| HMS3402O04 |
| AB00052209_12 |
| OPERA_ID_1768 |
| mfcd00006439 |
| F2190-0487 |
| SR-01000075299-1 |
| sr-01000075299 |
| dalfampridine, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard |
| 4-aminopyridine, pestanal(r), analytical standard |
| SR-01000075299-3 |
| SR-01000075299-5 |
| SBI-0050021.P003 |
| para-aminopyridine |
| HB1073 |
| 4-aminopyridine (4-ap) |
| Q372539 |
| p-amino pyridine |
| HMS3678H13 |
| acetyl-2-13c chloride,2,2-dichloro- (9ci) |
| HMS3414H15 |
| 1,4-dihydropyridin-4-imine |
| EN300-21310 |
| SDCCGSBI-0050021.P004 |
| HMS3886I09 |
| NCGC00015009-24 |
| NCGC00015009-23 |
| dalfampridine (4-aminopyridine) |
| dalfampridine (ii) |
| usepa/opp pesticide code: 069201 |
| fampridine (mart.) |
| dalfampridine (usp-rs) |
| dalfampridine (usp monograph) |
| Z104495272 |
4-aminopyridine (4-AP) (25-250 ng/mouse, i.e. ) produced a dose-dependent displacement to the right of the clonidine dose-response line. Decreasing K+ efflux using K+ channel blockers inhibited histamine release.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " 3) Decreasing K+ efflux using K+ channel blockers (4-aminopyridine, quinine, sparteine) inhibited histamine release in a dose-response manner." | ( Regulation of human basophil activation. II. Histamine release is potentiated by K+ efflux and inhibited by Na+ influx. Beauvais, F; Benveniste, J; Burtin, C; Hieblot, C; Inoue, I; Shimahara, T, 1992) | 0.53 |
| " BMA caused "flattening" of the dose-response curves for 86Rb efflux induced by L-PIA, adenosine and carbachol with a significant reduction in response at the highest concentrations of adenosine and carbachol." | ( 86Rubidium efflux and negative inotropy induced by P1- and muscarinic-receptor agonists in guinea-pig left atria. Effects of potassium channel blockers. Broadley, KJ; Rothaul, AL; Urquhart, RA, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " When YOH was used as an anesthetic antagonist at dosage of 20 mg/kg, 20% mortality was observed and was attributable to acute respiratory arrest." | ( Antagonism of ketamine-xylazine anesthesia in rats by administration of yohimbine, tolazoline, or 4-aminopyridine. Komulainen, A; Olson, ME, 1991) | 0.5 |
| " Tissues from rats dosed with 4-aminopyridine were extracted with methylene chloride." | ( A high-performance liquid chromatography method for determination of 4-aminopyridine in tissues and urine. Casteel, SW; Thomas, BR, 1990) | 0.8 |
| " The patients were treated with oral 3,4-diaminopyridine, first with increasing single doses up to 100 mg and then with divided dosage for up to 3 weeks." | ( Preliminary trial of 3,4-diaminopyridine in patients with multiple sclerosis. Bever, CT; Camenga, DL; Johnson, KP; Leslie, J; Panitch, HS, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Rats were dosed daily for 20 d with soman (0." | ( Changes in nerve membrane polarization following repeated exposure to soman. Anderson, RJ; Chamberlain, WL, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " Using a dosage of 3-5 mg/kg there is a marked negative effect on the cardio-vascular system." | ( [The antagonism of ketamine/xylazine anesthesia ("Hellabrunn mixture") in wild zoo ruminants]. Erhardt, W; Hafner, S; Halm, S; von Hegel, G; Wiesner, H, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " During thermal pain stimulation pymadine had the analgesic effect only at dosage of 5 mg/kg and potentiated the action of morphine given in doses of 3 and 5 mg/kg." | ( [Analgesic activity of pymadine]. Bantutova, I; Mitsov, V, ) | 0.13 |
| " The physostigmine dose-response curve for the stimulation of [3H]IP1 accumulation was similar to its dose-response curve to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity in the neostriatum." | ( Physostigmine stimulates phosphoinositide breakdown in the rat neostriatum. Aceves, J; Góngora, JL; Mariscal, S; Sierra, A, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " According to published data and past experience, the dosage of xylazine used would be expected to provide 115, 120, and 100 minutes of immobilization in captive moose, mule deer, and white-tailed deer, respectively." | ( Use of yohimbine and 4-aminopyridine to antagonize xylazine-induced immobilization in North American Cervidae. Olsen, CD; Renecker, LA, 1985) | 0.59 |
| "Twenty-four crossbred steers (4 groups of 6 steers each) were injected IM with a standard dosage range of xylazine hydrochloride (0." | ( Antagonism of xylazine sedation by 4-aminopyridine and yohimbine in cattle. Booth, NH; Hatch, RC; Kitzman, JV; Wallner, B, 1982) | 0.54 |
| " The pooled mean dosage level of pentobarbital required for anesthesia was 12." | ( Meperidine-acepromazine-pentobarbital anesthesia in cats: reversal by 4-aminopyridine and yohimbine. Booth, NH; Hatch, RC; Zahner, JM, 1984) | 0.5 |
| "Groups of fasted atropinized crossbred dogs of both sexes were injected IM with a standard dosage of a xylazine-acepromazine combination (2." | ( Acepromazine-xylazine combination in dogs: antagonism with 4-aminopyridine and yohimbine. Booth, NH; Brown, J; Cronin, MF; Hatch, RC, 1983) | 0.51 |
| " Required dosage of pentobarbital, arousal and walk times (measured from injection of antagonists), respiratory rate, and heart rate were measured." | ( Comparison of five preanesthetic medicaments in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs: antagonism by 4-aminopyridine, yohimbine, and naloxone. Booth, NH; Clark, JD; Hatch, RC; Kitzman, JV, 1983) | 0.48 |
| " Kinetic analysis of serum concentrations after intravenous dosing resulted in the best fitting of a triexponential model in five and a biexponential model in four subjects." | ( 4-Aminopyridine kinetics. Agoston, S; Greijdanus, B; Scaf, AH; Sohn, YJ; Uges, DR, 1982) | 1.71 |
| " We determined dosing to achieve the desired steady-state peak serum concentration ranges from a test dose and population pharmacokinetic parameters using bayesian estimation." | ( The effects of 4-aminopyridine in multiple sclerosis patients: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, concentration-controlled, crossover trial. Anderson, PA; Bever, CT; Conway, K; Dhib-Jalbut, S; Eddington, N; Krumholz, A; Leslie, J; Panitch, HS; Plaisance, KI; Young, D, 1994) | 0.64 |
| " Dose-response relations for TEA and 4-AP were obtained by exposing single cells to ten concentrations exponentially distributed over four orders of magnitude." | ( Variations in the ensemble of potassium currents underlying resonance in turtle hair cells. Art, JJ; Goodman, MB, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " The dose-response curve for the inhibition of ISS by isoprenaline was positioned to the left of that for the calcium current." | ( Characterization of a beta-adrenergically inhibited K+ current in rat cardiac ventricular cells. Scamps, F, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " A bell-shaped dose-response relation was obtained for evoked [3H] overflow over the same concentration range, with maximum effects occurring at 10 microM for 4M2AP (163 +/- 31% increase) and 100 microM for 4AP (154 +/- 16% increase)." | ( Effects of 4-methyl-2-aminopyridine on [3H]-noradrenaline overflow and contractility of isolated rabbit arteries. Fryer, MW; Glover, WE, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " The dose-response characteristics of acutely and chronically injured axons were compared." | ( Conduction block in acute and chronic spinal cord injury: different dose-response characteristics for reversal by 4-aminopyridine. Blight, AR; Kelly, TM; Shi, R, 1997) | 0.51 |
| " Since the GLU receptors present at NMJ have been reported to be predominantly N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype, some non-competitive and competitive NMDA receptor blockers, MK801, ketamine, dextromethorphan and CGP 37849, and GLU release inhibitors, clonidine, guanfacine, tizanidine were used at their optimum concentrations in medium after having found them from dose-response curves." | ( N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists, glutamate release inhibitors, 4-aminopyridine at neuromuscular transmission. Günel, MA; Kara, I; Koyuncuoğlu, H; Nurten, A; Yamantürk, P, 1998) | 0.54 |
| " A dose-response relationship was established for the K+ channel blockers." | ( Differential effects of potassium channel blockers on the activity of the locomotor network in neonatal rat. Cazalets, JR; Magoul, R; Sqalli-Houssaini, Y, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " In fact it showed: (1) very sensitive dose-response not affected by TTX in the bath; (2) an equilibrium potential compatible with Cl-channel conductance; (3) a massive reduction with the competitive GABA(A) antagonist bicuculline; (4) a small reduction, if any, with the potent competitive GABA(B) antagonist CGP55845A; (5) persistence of the responses under 4-AP (4-aminopyridine), the potassium channel blocker, and inhibition of the 4-AP-induced calcium bursts of spikes." | ( Purkinje cell inhibitory responses to 3-APPA (3-aminopropylphosphinic acid) in RAT cerebellar slices. Batini, C; Vigot, R, 1999) | 0.47 |
| " In isolated pulmonary arterial rings, 4-AP increased resting tension and caused a leftward shift in the KCl dose-response curve." | ( K(+) channel inhibition, calcium signaling, and vasomotor tone in canine pulmonary artery smooth muscle. Damron, DS; Doi, S; Horibe, M; Murray, PA; Ogawa, K; Tanaka, S, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "Following animal mode studies to establish dosing safety, six subjects with chronic SCI were examined." | ( Intrathecal administration of 4-aminopyridine in chronic spinal injured patients. Blight, AR; Calvillo, O; Donovan, WH; Halter, JA, 2000) | 0.6 |
| "Patients were randomized to receive either oral 4-AP 5 mg/day, which was increased by 5 mg/week to a maximum dosage of 30 mg/day, or placebo for 12 weeks." | ( Efficacy and safety of 4-aminopyridine in patients with long-term spinal cord injury: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arenas-Hernández, R; Castañeda-Hernández, G; Grijalva, I; Guízar-Sahagún, G; Ibarra, A; Maldonado-Julián, H; Mino, D; Salgado-Ceballos, H; Serra, O; Vidal-Cantú, G, 2003) | 0.63 |
| "Mean steady-state Cmax, Cmin, Cav, and AUC(0-12) increased over the entire Fampridine-SR dosage range and were dosage dependent up to 50 mg twice daily." | ( Pharmacokinetics and safety of multiple oral doses of sustained-release 4-aminopyridine (Fampridine-SR) in subjects with chronic, incomplete spinal cord injury. Blight, AR; Cohen, R; Hayes, KC; Hsieh, JT; Katz, MA; Potter, PJ, 2004) | 0.56 |
| " With the use of a double sucrose gap-recording chamber we perform a dose-response assay to examine the effects of these compounds on axonal conduction following an in vitro stretch injury." | ( Dose responses of three 4-aminopyridine derivatives on axonal conduction in spinal cord trauma. Borgens, RB; Byrn, SR; McBride, JM; Shi, R; Smith, DT, 2006) | 0.64 |
| "In these patients with MS, the steady-state pharmacokinetic profile of fampridine SR 20 mg BID administered for 2 weeks appeared to support the use of twice-daily dosing in this population." | ( Steady-state pharmacokinetics and tolerability of orally administered fampridine sustained-release 10-mg tablets in patients with multiple sclerosis: a 2-week, open-label, follow-up study. Blight, AR; Henney, HR; Vollmer, T, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Levcromakalim produced concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on myometrial spontaneity and relaxant effect and the dose-response curve (DRC) was shifted towards right in the presence of glybenclamaide." | ( Cellular coupling of potassium channels with beta2 adrenoceptors in mediating myometrial relaxation in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Choudhury, S; Garg, SK; Mishra, SK; Singh, TU, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " The objective of this study was to evaluate the variability in dosage form weight, active content variability and impurity of compounded oral 3,4-DAP drug products." | ( Content variability of active drug substance in compounded oral 3,4-diaminopyridine products. Brain, KR; Green, DM; Jones, AC, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "Variability in dosage form weight ranged from 0·81% relative standard deviation (RSD) to 4·82% RSD." | ( Content variability of active drug substance in compounded oral 3,4-diaminopyridine products. Brain, KR; Green, DM; Jones, AC, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " This variability seems to be principally because of heterogeneous formulated material rather than variation in dosage form weight." | ( Content variability of active drug substance in compounded oral 3,4-diaminopyridine products. Brain, KR; Green, DM; Jones, AC, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "The study participants (n = 30) were randomly assigned to receive one 10-mg dalfampridine tablet in a fasted condition (no food for 10-12 hours) or a fed condition (after a high-fat meal); after a seven-day washout period, participants received the same dalfampridine dosage under the converse condition." | ( Effect of food on the single-dose pharmacokinetics and tolerability of dalfampridine extended-release tablets in healthy volunteers. Blight, AR; Faust, B; Henney, HR, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " The dosage of dalfampridine varied in clinical trials, but the recommended dosage is 10 mg orally twice daily." | ( Dalfampridine: a new agent for symptomatic management of multiple sclerosis. Clements, JN; McDonald, S, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "The literature searches returned 58 unique citations, of which 26 were considered relevant for characterizing the safety profile of dalfampridine; excluded citations were as follows: reviews (19), evaluation of 3,4-diaminopyridine (4), intravenous dosing (2), inadequate information on patient doses (2), preclinical models (2), and "other" (3)." | ( The safety profile of dalfampridine extended release in multiple sclerosis clinical trials. Bienen, EJ; Blight, AR; Cornblath, DR, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Strict adherence to the prescribed dosing regimen is essential." | ( Clinical overview of the seizure risk of dalfampridine. Bienen, EJ; Haut, SR; Miller, A, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "Using data pooled from several studies of dalfampridine extended release (ER), a population pharmacokinetic model was developed for the purposes of characterizing the population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dalfampridine-ER with respect to variability in pharmacokinetics, covariates affecting the pharmacokinetics, and whether the current therapeutic dosage represents an optimal dosage." | ( Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dalfampridine-ER in healthy volunteers and in patients with multiple sclerosis. Gao, Y; Henney, HR; Weir, S, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "The approved therapeutic dosage regimen of dalfampridine-ER 10 mg twice daily was identified as the optimum dosing regimen based on model-predicted exposure response relationships for efficacy and adverse events." | ( Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dalfampridine-ER in healthy volunteers and in patients with multiple sclerosis. Gao, Y; Henney, HR; Weir, S, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " With twice-daily dosing of dalfampridine-ER, time to peak plasma concentration (3." | ( Pharmacokinetic profile of dalfampridine extended release: clinical relevance in patients with multiple sclerosis. Henney, HR; Torkin, R; Weir, S, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "PR-fampridine dosed at 10mg every 12hours is currently the only drug approved to treat gait impairment in adults with MS." | ( A guide to treating gait impairment with prolonged-release fampridine (Fampyra Álvarez-Cermeño, JC; Arroyo, R; Casanova-Estruch, B; Fernández, O; García-Merino, JA; Hernández, MA; Izquierdo, G; Martínez-Yélamos, S; Meca, J; Moral, E; Olascoaga, J; Prieto, JM; Ramió-Torrentà, L; Saiz, A, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "Among the 24 total participants who were randomized to treatment and completed the twice daily dosing phase study, their mean age was 38." | ( Safety, Tolerability, and Sensorimotor Effects of Extended-release Dalfampridine in Adults With Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study. Bethoux, F; Blight, AR; Carrazana, E; Fatemi, A; Fowler, E; Marciniak, C; Mayadev, A; Rabinowicz, AL; Suarez, G; Waksman, J; Zackowski, K, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Amifampridine should be dosed to effect per the individual patient need, altering administration frequency and dose in normal through severe RI." | ( Acetylator Status Impacts Amifampridine Phosphate (Firdapse™) Pharmacokinetics and Exposure to a Greater Extent Than Renal Function. Datt, J; Haroldsen, PE; Ingenito, G; Musson, DG; Sisic, Z, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " The daily dosage ranged from 36 to 100 mg." | ( [A retrospective study of the effects of 3,4-diaminopyridine treatment in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome]. Kano, T; Matsushima, M; Naganuma, R; Sasaki, H; Takahashi, I; Yabe, I, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " The method proved to be applicable for active substance assay in a pharmaceutical dosage form." | ( HPLC method development for fampridine using Analytical Quality by Design approach. Boda, F; Fülöp, I; Kelemen, ÉK; Kovács, B; Kovács-Deák, B; Székely-Szentmiklósi, B; Székely-Szentmiklósi, I, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "5 mg D-ER, 10 mg D-ER, or placebo, dosed twice-daily for 12 weeks." | ( A double-blind, randomized, controlled study of two dose strengths of dalfampridine extended release on walking deficits in ischemic stroke. Bockbrader, M; El-Feky, WH; Finklestein, SP; Goldstein, M; Kasner, SE; Ning, M; Page, SJ; Roberts, H; Wilson, CA, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " We tested clinically relevant dosage of 4-AP as an acute treatment for experimental TBI and found multiple benefits in corpus callosum axons." | ( Acute axon damage and demyelination are mitigated by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) therapy after experimental traumatic brain injury. Armstrong, RC; Galdzicki, Z; Lischka, FW; Noble, MD; Radomski, KL; Zi, X, 2022) | 0.97 |
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| avicide | A substance used to destroy bird pests (class Aves). |
| potassium channel blocker | An agent that inhibits cell membrane glycoproteins that are selectively permeable to potassium ions. |
| orphan drug | Any drug that has been developed specifically for treatment of a rare medical condition, the condition itself being known as an orphan disease. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| aromatic amine | An amino compound in which the amino group is linked directly to an aromatic system. |
| aminopyridine | Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1,995.2600 | 0.0032 | 45.4673 | 12,589.2998 | AID2517 |
| Chain A, Cruzipain | Trypanosoma cruzi | Potency | 3.3552 | 0.0020 | 14.6779 | 39.8107 | AID1476; AID1478 |
| thioredoxin reductase | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 89.1251 | 0.1000 | 20.8793 | 79.4328 | AID588453; AID588456 |
| RAR-related orphan receptor gamma | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 0.6115 | 0.0060 | 38.0041 | 19,952.5996 | AID1159521 |
| USP1 protein, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.1254 | 0.0316 | 37.5844 | 354.8130 | AID743255 |
| Microtubule-associated protein tau | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 8.9125 | 0.1800 | 13.5574 | 39.8107 | AID1468 |
| aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 44.6684 | 0.0112 | 12.4002 | 100.0000 | AID1030 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.1259 | 0.0013 | 18.0743 | 39.8107 | AID926 |
| estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 61.6282 | 0.0006 | 57.9133 | 22,387.1992 | AID1259377 |
| cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 34.6713 | 0.0123 | 7.9835 | 43.2770 | AID1645841 |
| glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens] | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 7.0795 | 0.0002 | 14.3764 | 60.0339 | AID588532 |
| cytochrome P450 2D6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 38.9018 | 0.0010 | 8.3798 | 61.1304 | AID1645840 |
| glucocerebrosidase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.6310 | 0.0126 | 8.1569 | 44.6684 | AID2101 |
| IDH1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 29.0929 | 0.0052 | 10.8652 | 35.4813 | AID686970 |
| euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0224 | 0.0355 | 20.9770 | 89.1251 | AID504332 |
| nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 49.3979 | 19.7391 | 45.9784 | 64.9432 | AID1159509 |
| cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0631 | 0.0020 | 7.5337 | 39.8107 | AID891 |
| chromobox protein homolog 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 68.8429 | 0.0060 | 26.1688 | 89.1251 | AID488953; AID540317 |
| transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 2.8184 | 0.7943 | 21.2757 | 50.1187 | AID624246 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 77.5854 | 0.0003 | 23.4451 | 159.6830 | AID743065 |
| mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.0000 | 0.0398 | 16.7842 | 39.8107 | AID1454 |
| geminin | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.3096 | 0.0046 | 11.3741 | 33.4983 | AID624297 |
| peripheral myelin protein 22 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 25.0999 | 0.0056 | 12.3677 | 36.1254 | AID624044 |
| survival motor neuron protein isoform d | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.0000 | 0.1259 | 12.2344 | 35.4813 | AID1458 |
| lethal factor (plasmid) | Bacillus anthracis str. A2012 | Potency | 7.9433 | 0.0200 | 10.7869 | 31.6228 | AID912 |
| lamin isoform A-delta10 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.8913 | 0.8913 | 12.0676 | 28.1838 | AID1487 |
| Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.1838 | 6.3096 | 60.2008 | 112.2020 | AID720707 |
| Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 13.3332 | 0.0023 | 19.5956 | 74.0614 | AID651631 |
| ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase | Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927 | Potency | 0.7569 | 0.0601 | 10.7453 | 37.9330 | AID485368 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetylcholinesterase | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 (µMol) | 500.0000 | 0.0002 | 0.5259 | 7.2000 | AID1796455 |
| Pteridine reductase 1 | Leishmania major | IC50 (µMol) | 1,900.0000 | 2.9500 | 2.9500 | 2.9500 | AID554308 |
| Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 4,382.5801 | 0.0009 | 1.9014 | 10.0000 | AID240820; AID576612 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Potassium channel subfamily K member 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 (µMol) | 2,750.0000 | 0.1870 | 2.7224 | 8.1800 | AID1802150 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID588497 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13 | Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening. |
| AID588497 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set | 2006 | Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5 | Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa. |
| AID588497 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors. |
| AID588501 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13 | Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening. |
| AID588501 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set | 2006 | Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5 | Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa. |
| AID588501 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors. |
| AID588459 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, Validation compound set | 2010 | Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13 | Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening. |
| AID588459 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, Validation compound set | 2006 | Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5 | Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa. |
| AID588459 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, Validation compound set | 2010 | Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors. |
| AID588499 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13 | Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening. |
| AID588499 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set | 2006 | Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5 | Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa. |
| AID588499 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set | 2010 | Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors. |
| AID504812 | Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign | 2010 | Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7 | A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. |
| AID504810 | Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign | 2010 | Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7 | A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. |
| AID588461 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, Validation compound set | 2010 | Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13 | Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening. |
| AID588461 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, Validation compound set | 2006 | Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5 | Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa. |
| AID588461 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, Validation compound set | 2010 | Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors. |
| AID588460 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, Validation Compound Set | 2010 | Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13 | Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening. |
| AID588460 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, Validation Compound Set | 2006 | Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5 | Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa. |
| AID588460 | High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, Validation Compound Set | 2010 | Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1 | High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors. |
| AID1745845 | Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression | |||
| AID651635 | Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression | |||
| AID504749 | qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation | 2011 | Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043 | Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets. |
| AID1347094 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
| AID1347095 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
| AID1296008 | Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening | 2020 | SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1 | Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening. |
| AID1347092 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
| AID1347089 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
| AID1347424 | RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1) | 2019 | The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46 | Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens. |
| AID1347108 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
| AID1347097 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
| AID1347086 | qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal | 2020 | Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173 | A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity. |
| AID1508630 | Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay | 2021 | Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4 | A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome. |
| AID1347093 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
| AID1347407 | qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection | 2020 | ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7 | High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle. |
| AID1347083 | qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen | 2020 | Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173 | A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity. |
| AID1347104 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
| AID1347082 | qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal | 2020 | Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173 | A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity. |
| AID1347090 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
| AID1347107 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
| AID1347106 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
| AID1347100 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
| AID1347425 | Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1) | 2019 | The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46 | Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens. |
| AID1347101 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
| AID1347096 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
| AID1347091 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
| AID1347102 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
| AID1347099 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
| AID1347154 | Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors | 2020 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49 | Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors. |
| AID1347098 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
| AID1347103 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
| AID1347105 | qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells | 2018 | Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4 | Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing. |
| AID1346987 | P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen | 2019 | Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5 | A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. |
| AID1346986 | P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen | 2019 | Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5 | A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. |
| AID588349 | qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation of Cytotoxic Assay | |||
| AID504836 | Inducers of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response (ERSR) in human glioma: Validation | 2002 | The Journal of biological chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 277, Issue:16 | Sustained ER Ca2+ depletion suppresses protein synthesis and induces activation-enhanced cell death in mast cells. |
| AID588378 | qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation | |||
| AID1347410 | qHTS for inhibitors of adenylyl cyclases using a fission yeast platform: a pilot screen against the NCATS LOPAC library | 2019 | Cellular signalling, 08, Volume: 60 | A fission yeast platform for heterologous expression of mammalian adenylyl cyclases and high throughput screening. |
| AID1347049 | Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot screen | 2019 | Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500 | Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice. |
| AID1347050 | Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr2) antagonism - Pilot subtype selectivity assay | 2019 | Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500 | Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice. |
| AID1347058 | CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - HTRF assay qHTS validation | 2019 | PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7 | Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors. |
| AID1347059 | CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - Alpha assay qHTS validation | 2019 | PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7 | Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors. |
| AID1347405 | qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS LOPAC collection | 2020 | ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7 | High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle. |
| AID1347057 | CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - LANCE assay qHTS validation | 2019 | PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7 | Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors. |
| AID1347151 | Optimization of GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay | 2020 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49 | Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors. |
| AID1347045 | Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot counterscreen GloSensor control cell line | 2019 | Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500 | Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice. |
| AID554316 | Inhibition of human DHFR at 500 uM | 2011 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-13, Volume: 54, Issue:1 | Virtual screening identification of nonfolate compounds, including a CNS drug, as antiparasitic agents inhibiting pteridine reductase. |
| AID619509 | Dissociation constant, pKa of the compound in aqueous solution | 2011 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-13, Volume: 54, Issue:19 | Aryl H-phosphonates 17: (N-aryl)phosphoramidates of pyrimidine nucleoside analogues and their synthesis, selected properties, and anti-HIV activity. |
| AID32092 | Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in rat cerebral cortex homogenate, in the presence of a specific butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitor; ethopropazine | 1999 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-07, Volume: 42, Issue:20 | Heterodimeric tacrine-based acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: investigating ligand-peripheral site interactions. |
| AID1145387 | Partition coefficient, log P of the compound by HPLC analysis | 1976 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 19, Issue:5 | Direct measurement of octanol-water partition coefficients by high-pressure liquid chromatography. |
| AID313503 | Antiamnesic activity in scopolamine-induced memory deficit rat assessed as training trial latency time at 0.1 mg/kg, ip | 2008 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 18, Issue:1 | 4-Aminopyridine derivatives with anticholinesterase and antiamnesic activity. |
| AID313500 | Antiamnesic activity in scopolamine-induced memory deficit rat assessed as training trial latency time at 0.001 mg/kg, ip | 2008 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 18, Issue:1 | 4-Aminopyridine derivatives with anticholinesterase and antiamnesic activity. |
| AID313518 | Antiamnesic activity in scopolamine-induced memory deficit rat assessed as retention trial latency time at 0.1 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs | 2008 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 18, Issue:1 | 4-Aminopyridine derivatives with anticholinesterase and antiamnesic activity. |
| AID217620 | Selectivity for Kv1.3 over Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium channel subunit | 2004 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 47, Issue:9 | Khellinone derivatives as blockers of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3: synthesis and immunosuppressive activity. |
| AID619513 | Antiviral activity against HIV1 infected in human CEM-T4 cells assessed as reduction in viral protein p24 production preincubated for 24 hrs measured after 8 days by MTT assay | 2011 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-13, Volume: 54, Issue:19 | Aryl H-phosphonates 17: (N-aryl)phosphoramidates of pyrimidine nucleoside analogues and their synthesis, selected properties, and anti-HIV activity. |
| AID217641 | Selectivity for Kv1.3 over Kv1.5 voltage-gated potassium channel subunit | 2004 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 47, Issue:9 | Khellinone derivatives as blockers of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3: synthesis and immunosuppressive activity. |
| AID494749 | Inhibition of [3H]choline uptake at choline transporter 1 in mouse brain synaptosome | 2010 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 20, Issue:16 | 3-D-QSAR and docking studies on the neuronal choline transporter. |
| AID313515 | Antiamnesic activity in scopolamine-induced memory deficit rat assessed as retention trial latency time at 0.001 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs | 2008 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 18, Issue:1 | 4-Aminopyridine derivatives with anticholinesterase and antiamnesic activity. |
| AID554308 | Inhibition of Leishmania major PTR1 | 2011 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-13, Volume: 54, Issue:1 | Virtual screening identification of nonfolate compounds, including a CNS drug, as antiparasitic agents inhibiting pteridine reductase. |
| AID217619 | Selectivity for Kv1.3 over Kv1.1 voltage-gated potassium channel subunit | 2004 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 47, Issue:9 | Khellinone derivatives as blockers of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3: synthesis and immunosuppressive activity. |
| AID1441974 | Neuroprotective activity against cuprizone-induced demyelination in C57BL/6J mouse corpus callosum assessed as improvement in neuronal conduction by measuring increase in amplitude of unmyelinated axon N2 wave at 10 uM relative to baseline | 2017 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-23, Volume: 60, Issue:6 | A Rational Design of a Selective Inhibitor for Kv1.1 Channels Prevalent in Demyelinated Nerves That Improves Their Impaired Axonal Conduction. |
| AID313517 | Antiamnesic activity in scopolamine-induced memory deficit rat assessed as retention trial latency time at 0.01 mg/kg, ip after 24 hrs | 2008 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 18, Issue:1 | 4-Aminopyridine derivatives with anticholinesterase and antiamnesic activity. |
| AID619512 | Cytotoxicity against human CEM-T4 cells assessed as cell viability at 200 uM after 7 days by MTT assay | 2011 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-13, Volume: 54, Issue:19 | Aryl H-phosphonates 17: (N-aryl)phosphoramidates of pyrimidine nucleoside analogues and their synthesis, selected properties, and anti-HIV activity. |
| AID1441973 | Neuroprotective activity against cuprizone-induced demyelination in C57BL/6J mouse corpus callosum assessed as improvement in neuronal conduction by measuring increase in amplitude of unmyelinated axon N2 wave at 1 uM relative to baseline | 2017 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-23, Volume: 60, Issue:6 | A Rational Design of a Selective Inhibitor for Kv1.1 Channels Prevalent in Demyelinated Nerves That Improves Their Impaired Axonal Conduction. |
| AID576612 | Inhibition of human ERG | 2011 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 46, Issue:2 | Predicting hERG activities of compounds from their 3D structures: development and evaluation of a global descriptors based QSAR model. |
| AID313502 | Antiamnesic activity in scopolamine-induced memory deficit rat assessed as training trial latency time at 0.01 mg/kg, ip | 2008 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 18, Issue:1 | 4-Aminopyridine derivatives with anticholinesterase and antiamnesic activity. |
| AID496866 | Anticonvulsant activity in po dosed mouse assessed as inhibition of MES-induced tonic seizures | 2010 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-12, Volume: 53, Issue:15 | alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) antagonists: from bench to bedside. |
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| AID16352 | Dissociation constant (pKa) | 1980 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 23, Issue:4 | 2,4-Diamino-5-benzylpyrimidines and analogues as antibacterial agents. 3. C-Benzylation of aminopyridines with phenolic Mannich bases. Synthesis of 1- and 3-deaza analogues of trimethoprim. |
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| AID205268 | Inhibition of binding of Batrachotoxinin [3H]BTX-B to high affinity sites on voltage dependent sodium channels in a vesicular preparation from guinea pig cerebral cortex at 10 uM | 1985 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3 | [3H]Batrachotoxinin A 20 alpha-benzoate binding to voltage-sensitive sodium channels: a rapid and quantitative assay for local anesthetic activity in a variety of drugs. |
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| AID93658 | Selectivity for Kv1.3 voltage-gated K+ channel over IKCa1 [Ca2+] activated K+ channel | 2004 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 47, Issue:9 | Khellinone derivatives as blockers of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3: synthesis and immunosuppressive activity. |
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| AID619514 | Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human CEM-T4 cells to EC50 for HIV1 infected human CEM-T4 cells | 2011 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-13, Volume: 54, Issue:19 | Aryl H-phosphonates 17: (N-aryl)phosphoramidates of pyrimidine nucleoside analogues and their synthesis, selected properties, and anti-HIV activity. |
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| AID554311 | Inhibition of Leishmania major DHFR at 500 uM | 2011 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-13, Volume: 54, Issue:1 | Virtual screening identification of nonfolate compounds, including a CNS drug, as antiparasitic agents inhibiting pteridine reductase. |
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| AID240820 | Inhibitory concentration against IKr potassium channel | 2004 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-20, Volume: 14, Issue:18 | The pharmacophore hypotheses of I(Kr) potassium channel blockers: novel class III antiarrhythmic agents. |
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| AID1346635 | Mouse TRPV2 (Transient Receptor Potential channels) | 2007 | Molecular pharmacology, Nov, Volume: 72, Issue:5 | Pharmacological characterization and molecular determinants of the activation of transient receptor potential V2 channel orthologs by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate. |
| AID1346659 | Mouse Kv1.7 (Voltage-gated potassium channels) | 1998 | The Journal of biological chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 273, Issue:10 | Genomic organization, chromosomal localization, tissue distribution, and biophysical characterization of a novel mammalian Shaker-related voltage-gated potassium channel, Kv1.7. |
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| AID1346663 | Rat Kv1.4 (Voltage-gated potassium channels) | 1989 | The EMBO journal, Nov, Volume: 8, Issue:11 | Molecular basis of functional diversity of voltage-gated potassium channels in mammalian brain. |
| AID1346611 | Human Kir7.1 (Inwardly rectifying potassium channels) | 1998 | Neuron, May, Volume: 20, Issue:5 | A novel inward rectifier K+ channel with unique pore properties. |
| AID1346670 | Human Kv4.1 (Voltage-gated potassium channels) | 2000 | Genomics, Mar-01, Volume: 64, Issue:2 | Gene structures and expression profiles of three human KCND (Kv4) potassium channels mediating A-type currents I(TO) and I(SA). |
| AID1346668 | Rat Kv2.1 (Voltage-gated potassium channels) | 1993 | The Journal of general physiology, Nov, Volume: 102, Issue:5 | Gating-dependent mechanism of 4-aminopyridine block in two related potassium channels. |
| AID1346695 | Rat Kv3.3 (Voltage-gated potassium channels) | 1992 | Proceedings. Biological sciences, Apr-22, Volume: 248, Issue:1321 | Cloning of ShIII (Shaw-like) cDNAs encoding a novel high-voltage-activating, TEA-sensitive, type-A K+ channel. |
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| AID1346684 | Human Kv1.5 (Voltage-gated potassium channels) | 1994 | Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 45, Issue:6 | Pharmacological characterization of five cloned voltage-gated K+ channels, types Kv1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, and 3.1, stably expressed in mammalian cell lines. |
| AID1346681 | Mouse Kv3.1 (Voltage-gated potassium channels) | 1994 | Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 45, Issue:6 | Pharmacological characterization of five cloned voltage-gated K+ channels, types Kv1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, and 3.1, stably expressed in mammalian cell lines. |
| AID1346655 | Human Kv2.2 (Voltage-gated potassium channels) | 1998 | The American journal of physiology, 05, Volume: 274, Issue:5 | Molecular identification of a component of delayed rectifier current in gastrointestinal smooth muscles. |
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| AID1224864 | HCS microscopy assay (F508del-CFTR) | 2016 | PloS one, , Volume: 11, Issue:10 | Increasing the Endoplasmic Reticulum Pool of the F508del Allele of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Leads to Greater Folding Correction by Small Molecule Therapeutics. |
| AID1794808 | Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL). | 2014 | Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6 | A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum. |
| AID1794808 | Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL). | |||
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 701 (17.36) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 1310 (32.45) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 1116 (27.64) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 793 (19.64) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 117 (2.90) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (53.89) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 134 (3.24%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 127 (3.07%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 96 (2.32%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 11 (0.27%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 3,773 (91.11%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmaco-Diagnostic Crossover Trial for Peripheral Nerve Continuity After Trauma [NCT06003166] | Phase 3 | 68 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2024-04-30 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| A Single-Dose, Open-Label, Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Oral Fampridine-PR 10 mg in Chinese, Japanese, and Caucasian Adult Healthy Volunteers [NCT01215084] | Phase 1 | 36 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Dalfampridine in Patients With Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia [NCT05613114] | 8 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-08-03 | Completed | |||
| 4-aminopyridine Treatment for Nerve Injury From Radical Retro-Pubic Prostatectomy [NCT03658408] | Phase 2 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-10-03 | Withdrawn(stopped due to This record should not have been created for this study. It is under another sponsor's account.) | ||
| Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Phase 2 Study of 4-aminopyridine, Atenolol, or Placebo in the Treatment of Patients With Vestibular Migraine [NCT03578354] | Phase 2 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-01-31 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Funding not acquired) | ||
| Dalfampridine Combined With Physical Therapy for Mobility Impairment in People With Multiple Sclerosis [NCT06136728] | Phase 4 | 48 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2024-01-31 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| A Parallel, Three Arm, Open-label, Multi-dose Pharmacokinetic Study of Dalfampridine-ER 7.5 mg Twice Daily in Both Healthy Volunteers and Those With Mild and Moderate Renal Impairment [NCT01316055] | Phase 1 | 42 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Quality of Life, Efficacy and Safety of High Doses of 4-aminopyridine in Patients With Clinically Complete Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT03899584] | Phase 3 | 150 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-07-17 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| A Single Dose Pharmaco-Diagnostic for Peripheral Nerve Continuity After Trauma [NCT04026568] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 1 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-08-17 | Terminated(stopped due to Study investigator left Institution) | ||
| Fampridine in MS Patients: A Cognition, Fatigue, Depression and Quality of Life Analysis [NCT03164018] | 111 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2017-03-07 | Completed | |||
| RETRAP - A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study of the Effect of the Combination of Resistance Training and Prolonged Release Fampridine in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis [NCT02143167] | Phase 4 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Dalfampridine After Optic Neuritis to Improve Visual Function in Multiple Sclerosis [NCT01337986] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 53 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 20-Week, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability and Activity of Oral Fampridine-SR in Subjects With Multiple Sclerosis [NCT00053417] | Phase 2 | 206 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-02-28 | Completed | ||
| Open-Label Extension Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Oral Fampridine SR in Canadian Subjects With Multiple Sclerosis Who Participated in Acorda Extension Trials [NCT01235221] | Phase 3 | 38 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-12-31 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, 18-week Open Label Safety and Efficacy Trial of Dalfampridine in Primary Lateral Sclerosis [NCT02868567] | Phase 1 | 35 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-03-31 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| Efficacy of Sustained-release Oral Dalfampridine on Upper Extremity Function in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: a Pilot Study [NCT02259361] | Phase 4 | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2014-11-30 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Prolonged-release Fampridine as Adjunct Therapy to Active Motor Training in MS Patients: a Phase IV, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study. [NCT02146534] | Phase 4 | 44 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-12-31 | Completed | ||
| Short and Long Term Fampridine Treatment in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: Cognitive and Motor Performances [NCT02849782] | Phase 4 | 89 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-02-04 | Completed | ||
| Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Oral Fampridine-SR (10 mg b.i.d. [Bis in Die, Twice Daily]) in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis [NCT00483652] | Phase 3 | 240 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-05-31 | Completed | ||
| 4-aminopyridine Treatment for Nerve Injury Resulting From Radical Retro-Pubic Prostatectomy [NCT03701581] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 70 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-06-05 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Oral Prolonged-Release Fampridine (BIIB041) in Japanese Subjects With Multiple Sclerosis Followed by an Open-Label Safety Extension [NCT01917019] | Phase 3 | 101 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Dalfampridine Treatment for Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) [NCT01975324] | Phase 4 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Columbia SMA Project: 4-AP as a Potential SMA Therapeutic Agent and Biological Mechanisms of Action [NCT01645787] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 11 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-06-30 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized Controlled Double-blind Cross-over Trial of Dalfampridine ER for Effect on Ambulatory Activity in People With Multiple Sclerosis [NCT01356940] | Phase 4 | 43 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Physical Therapy and Dalfampridine on Functional Mobility and Lower Extremity Strength in Non Ambulatory Persons With Multiple Sclerosis [NCT05859802] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 35 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-07-13 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Multinational, Observational Study to Collect Information on Safety and to Document the Drug Utilization of Fampyra® When Used In Routine Medical Practice (LIBERATE) [NCT01480063] | 4,734 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2012-04-16 | Completed | |||
| Muscle Strain in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Measured by Ultrasound Speckle Tracking [NCT03847545] | 48 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-12-12 | Completed | |||
| Randomized Placebo-controlled Phase II Cross-over Study on the Influence of Fampridine on Working Memory in Healthy Subjects [NCT04516603] | Phase 2 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-10-01 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Changement of study design. Restart spring 2021.) | ||
| A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study in Subjects With Cerebral Palsy to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability and the Effect on Sensorimotor Function of Dalfampridine-ER [NCT01468350] | Phase 1 | 35 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-12-31 | Completed | ||
| An Open-label, Proof of Concept Study to Evaluate Multiple Gait and Balance Parameters After Withdrawal of Dalfampridine-ER 10mg in Subjects With MS [NCT01535664] | 20 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2012-01-31 | Completed | |||
| Fampridine Pregnancy Exposure Registry [NCT01532154] | 1 participants (Actual) | Observational [Patient Registry] | 2015-08-31 | Terminated(stopped due to Due to low enrollment, registration closed in agreement with the Regulatory Agency) | |||
| Phase 2 Study of 4-Aminopyridine for the Treatment of Episodic Ataxia Type 2 [NCT01543750] | Phase 2 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | Withdrawn | |||
| Assessment of Chronic GBS Improvement With Use of 4-AP [NCT00056810] | Phase 2 | 30 participants | Interventional | 2002-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Dalfampridine on Cognition in Multiple Sclerosis [NCT02006160] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 61 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-12-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Dalfampridine on Gait Impairment, Cognition and Fatigue in Egyptian Patients With Multiple Sclerosis [NCT05730738] | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-06-01 | Recruiting | |||
| Restoring Lost Functions After Spinal Cord Injury: Combination Therapy With Dalfampridine and Locomotor Training for Persons With Chronic, Motor Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury [NCT01621113] | Phase 2 | 27 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Fampyra Outcome Measures Study: a Study of Different Outcome Measures on the Effect of Fampyra [NCT01656148] | Phase 4 | 108 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Does Fampridine SR Improve Cognitive Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis Patients? A Cross Over Study [NCT01667497] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of 4-aminopyridine on Cognitive Performance and Motor Function of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. Randomized, Blinded, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. [NCT02280096] | Phase 2 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-10-31 | Completed | ||
| An Extension Study to Evaluate the Long-Term Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Dalfampridine Extended-Release Tablets. for the Treatment of Chronic Post-Ischemic Stroke Walking Deficits . [NCT02422940] | Phase 3 | 294 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-04-30 | Terminated | ||
| Study and Treatment of Visual Dysfunction and Motor Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis [NCT02391961] | Phase 2 | 23 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-04-01 | Completed | ||
| Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Two Doses of Oral Dalfampridine Extended Release Tablets (5 mg and 10 mg Twice Daily) in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis [NCT01328379] | Phase 3 | 430 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 12-Week Parallel Group Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Oral Fampridine-SR in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Spasticity Resulting From Chronic, Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury [NCT00041717] | Phase 3 | 213 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2002-07-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase IIb, Double-blind, Randomized, Mono-center, Placebo-controlled Study With Crossover Design Characterizing the Effects of Prolonged-release Fampridine Treatment on Ambulatory Function in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Using Detailed Gait Analysis [NCT01576354] | Phase 2 | 70 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2012-03-31 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Exploratory Study to Assess the Effect of Treatment With Prolonged-Release Fampridine (BIIB041) 10 mg Twice Daily on Walking Ability and Balance in Subjects With Multiple Sclerosis [NCT01597297] | Phase 2 | 132 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 21-Week, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Oral Fampridine-SR in Subjects With Multiple Sclerosis [NCT00127530] | Phase 3 | 300 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-05-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized Trial to Evaluate Ampyra for Gait Impairment in Parkinson's Disease [NCT01491022] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 22 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-07-31 | Completed | ||
| This is a Multi-center, Double-blind, Three Arm, Parallel Group, Placebo-controlled, Randomized Study Designed to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Dalfampridine. [NCT02271217] | Phase 3 | 377 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-12-31 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of Dalfampridine (4-aminopyridine) on Genioglossus Muscle Activity During Wakefulness and Sleep in Healthy Control Subjects [NCT02656160] | Phase 2 | 13 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-01-31 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of Fampridine-SR on Visual Function in Poorly Recovered Optic Neuritis in Persons With MS [NCT04148781] | Early Phase 1 | 20 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-03-22 | Recruiting | ||
| Effects of 4-AP on Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury [NCT05447676] | Early Phase 1 | 44 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-06-30 | Recruiting | ||
| Phase 3 Open-Label Extension Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Activity of Oral Fampridine-SR in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis [NCT00654927] | Phase 3 | 177 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-11-30 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 2b Study of Dalfampridine 10mg Extended Release Tablet in Subjects With Chronic Deficits After Ischemic Stroke [NCT01605825] | Phase 2 | 83 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Phase 3 Open-Label Extension Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Activity of Oral Fampridine-SR in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Who Participated in the MS-F204 Trial [NCT00649792] | Phase 3 | 214 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial on the Safety and Efficacy of Sustained-Release Dalfampridine in Transverse Myelitis (Re-Launch) [NCT02166346] | Phase 2 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-02-28 | Completed | ||
| Phase 3 Open-Label Extension Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Activity of Oral Fampridine-SR in Subjects With Multiple Sclerosis Who Participated in the MS-F203 Trial [NCT00648908] | Phase 3 | 269 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Dalfampridine to Improve Imbalance in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study [NCT01444300] | Phase 2 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Randomized Placebo-controlled Phase II Cross-over Study on the Influence of Fampridine on Working Memory in Individuals With Post COVID-19 Condition With Subjective Cognitive Impairment [NCT05274477] | 44 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-06-28 | Recruiting | |||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Study to Assess the Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Prolonged Release Fampridine (BIIB041) 10 mg, Administered Twice Daily in Subjects With Multiple Sclerosis (ENHANCE) [NCT02219932] | Phase 3 | 646 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Therapeutic Effect of Dalfampridine on Gait Incoordination in Spinocerebellar Ataxias- A Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled, Crossover Clinical Trial [NCT01811706] | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-02-28 | Completed | |||
| An Open-Label, Multicenter, Multinational Study to Assess the Effect of Long-Term Prolonged-Release Fampridine (BIIB041) 10 mg Twice Daily on Quality of Life as Reported by Subjects With Multiple Sclerosis [NCT01480076] | Phase 4 | 901 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-02-29 | Completed | ||
| Randomized Placebo-controlled Phase II Cross-over Study on the Influence of Fampridine on Working Memory in Healthy Subjects [NCT04652557] | Phase 2 | 44 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-11-01 | Completed | ||
| A Phase IV Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Crossover Study of the Effectiveness of Oral Fampridine in Improving Upper Limb Function in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis [NCT02208050] | Phase 4 | 64 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-02-21 | Completed | ||
| Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 12-Week Parallel Group Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Oral Fampridine-SR in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Spasticity Resulting From Chronic, Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury [NCT01683838] | Phase 3 | 204 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2002-06-30 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
The Ashworth Score is the average rating (based on a scale of 1 to 5) of four lower extremity muscle groups; left and right knee flexors and extensors (hamstrings and quadriceps muscles). A higher Ashworth Score indicates a greater degree of abnormal muscle tone (spasticity) and a negative change in score indicates improvement. (NCT00041717)
Timeframe: Baseline (visits 2,3) average score days 7,14 and double blind treatment period (visits 4-7) average score days 28-98
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Fampridine-SR 50mg/Day | -0.19 |
| Placebo | -0.15 |
This questionnaire asked the patient to evaluate the effects of investigational drug on his/her quality of life during the preceding week using a 7-point scale (from 1=terrible to 7=delighted). A positive change score in SGI indicates improved outcome. (NCT00041717)
Timeframe: Baseline (visits 2,3) average score days 7,14 and double blind treatment period (visits 4-7) average score days 28-98
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Fampridine-SR 50mg/Day | -0.2 |
| Placebo | -0.1 |
The primary efficacy variable was the percent change from baseline in average walking speed measured using the Timed 25-Foot Walk Test during the 12-week stable dose period (the average of Study Days 56, 84, and 112), relative to the mean at baseline (placebo run-in period, the average of Study Days 7 and 14). (NCT00053417)
Timeframe: Baseline (placebo run-in period); 12-week stable dose period
| Intervention | percent change (Median) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.2 |
| 10 mg Fampridine Twice a Day (b.i.d.) | 7.5 |
| 15 mg Fampridine b.i.d. | 9.7 |
| 20 mg Fampridine b.i.d. | 6.9 |
Patients who showed a faster walking speed for at least three of the four on-drug visits during the double-blind treatment period as compared to the maximum speed for any of the five off-drug visits. (NCT00127530)
Timeframe: Days 14, 42, 70 and 98 of treatment, corresponding to the four on-drug visits during double-blind treatment period.
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo- Sugar Pill | 6 |
| Fampridine-SR | 78 |
Evaluator rated strength in hip flexors, knee flexors, knee extensors, and ankle dorsiflexors on the following scale: best value = 5.0 (normal muscle strength), worst value = 0.0 (absence of any voluntary contraction). A positive shift in LEMMT score shows improvement in strength. Change in LEMMT scores for the secondary efficacy measure was found by averaging the LEMMT scores on days 14, 28, 42, and 56 (double-blind treatment period) and subtracting the baseline LEMMT score. (NCT00483652)
Timeframe: Days -21, -14, -7, 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 63, 77
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Fampridine-SR 10 mg b.i.d. Treatment | 0.09 |
| Placebo Treatment | 0.04 |
A responder is a patient who showed faster walking speed for at least 3 visits out of a possible 4 during the double-blind period than the maximum value achieved in the 5 non-double-blind no-treatment visits (4 before the double-blind period and one after) (NCT00483652)
Timeframe: Days -21, -14, -7, 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 63, 77
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Fampridine-SR 10 mg b.i.d. Treatment | 51 |
| Placebo Treatment | 11 |
"Each patient, based on their baseline neurological exam, are scored according to the EDSS~The EDSS was used to grade patient disability on a scale from 0.0 (normal neurological exam) to 10.0 (death) at the Screening Visit, Visit 6, and Final Visit or Early Termination Visit if applicable." (NCT00648908)
Timeframe: Screening visit, visit 6 and every 24 months thereafter
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (N=268) Baseline | (N=192) >94-120 Weeks | (N= 148) >198-224 Weeks | |
| Fampridine-SR | 5.78 | 5.95 | 6.16 |
"Patients asked to complete a Subject Impression questionnaire rating his/her impression of the effects of study drug during the preceding week, specifically in regards to signs and symptoms associated with Multiple Sclerosis (MS).~For the SGI, the potential responses to the effects of the investigational drug during the preceding week were 1=terrible, 2=unhappy, 3=mostly dissatisfied, 4=neutral/ mixed, 5=mostly satisfied, 6=pleased, and 7=delighted." (NCT00648908)
Timeframe: visit 1 and every clinic visit
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N=268) >0-8 Weeks | (N=247) >8-16 Weeks | (N=247) >16-42 Weeks | (N=230) >42-68 Weeks | (N=214) >68-94 Weeks | (N=203) >94-120 Weeks | (N=191) >120-146 Weeks | (N=182) >146-172 Weeks | (N=168) >172-198 Weeks | (N=159) >198-224 Weeks | (N=77) >224-250 Weeks | (N=13) >250-276 Weeks | |
| Fampridine-SR | 4.85 | 4.79 | 4.86 | 4.80 | 4.95 | 5.03 | 5.14 | 5.09 | 5.13 | 5.16 | 5.20 | 5.46 |
(NCT00648908)
Timeframe: Week 2, 14, 26, continuing every 26 weeks until the Final Visit
| Intervention | feet/second (Mean) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N=265) >0-8 Weeks | (N=242) >8-16 Weeks | (N=249) >16-42 Weeks | (N=222) >42-68 Weeks | (N=204) >68-94 Weeks | (N=190) >94-120 Weeks | (N=177) >120-146 Weeks | (N=156) >146-172 Weeks | (N=143) >172-198 Weeks | (N=137) >198-224 Weeks | (N=58) >224-250 Weeks | (N=7) >250-276 Weeks | |
| Fampridine-SR 10mg (Twice a Day) | 2.35 | 2.27 | 2.28 | 2.23 | 2.18 | 2.15 | 2.14 | 2.14 | 2.14 | 2.15 | 1.98 | 1.56 |
"Investigator's overall impression of the patients neurological status and general state of health related to his/her participation in the study; specifically signs and symptoms associated with MS.~The potential responses were 1=very much improved, 2=much improved, 3=somewhat improved, 4=no change, 5=somewhat worse, 6=much worse, and 7=very much worse." (NCT00648908)
Timeframe: visit 1 and every clinic visit
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N=267) >0-8 Weeks | (N=248) >8-16 Weeks | (N=256) >16-42 Weeks | (N=233) >42-68 Weeks | (N=215) >68-94 Weeks | (N=203) >94-120 Weeks | (N=194) >120-146 Weeks | (N=179) >146-172 Weeks | (N=167) >172-198 Weeks | (N=160) >198-224 Weeks | (N=76) >224-250 Weeks | (N=13) >250-276 Weeks | |
| Fampridine-SR | 3.38 | 3.56 | 3.55 | 3.63 | 3.66 | 3.59 | 3.69 | 3.85 | 3.75 | 3.93 | 3.97 | 3.39 |
All adverse events reported were treatment emergent. Therefore, events that had a date of onset, or worsening, on or after the start of the open-label drug and up to 14 days after the last dose (for non-serious events) or up to 30 days after the last dose (for SAEs) were summarized. Any abnormal clinically significant changes in physical examination, medical history, clinical laboratory testing, 12-lead ECG, and standard EEG testing were captured as adverse events. (NCT00648908)
Timeframe: up to 5 years
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with Any TEAE | Patients with Any Serious AE | Patients with Any Possibly/Probably Related AE | Patients Withdrawn due to AE | Patients who Died | Maximum Severity /Patients with Any Mild TEAE | Maximum Severity /Patients with Any Moderate TEAE | Maximum Severity /Patients with Any Severe TEAE | |
| Fampridine-SR 10mg (Twice a Day) | 264 | 94 | 77 | 37 | 4 | 16 | 137 | 111 |
All adverse events reported were treatment emergent. Therefore, events that had a date of onset, or worsening, on or after the start of the open-label drug and up to 14 days after the last dose (for non-serious events) or up to 30 days after the last dose (for SAEs) were summarized. Any abnormal clinically significant changes in physical examination, medical history, clinical laboratory testing, 12-lead ECG, and standard EEG testing were captured as adverse events. (NCT00649792)
Timeframe: up to 40 months
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with Any TEAE | Patients with Any Serious TEAE | Patients with Any Treatment-Related AE | Patients Withdrawn due to AE | Patients who Died | Maximum Severity/Paitents with Any TEAE - Mild | Maximum Severity/Patients with Any TEAE - Moderate | Maximum Severity/Patients with Any TEAE - Severe | |
| Fampridine-SR | 205 | 39 | 46 | 7 | 1 | 29 | 120 | 56 |
The potential responses were 1=very much improved, 2=much improved, 3=somewhat improved, 4=no change, 5=somewhat worse, 6=much worse, and 7=very much worse. (NCT00649792)
Timeframe: Visit 1 and every clinic visit thereafter
| Intervention | 1-7 scale rating (Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N=213) >0-8 Weeks | (N=202) >8-16 Weeks | (N=208) >16-42 Weeks | (N=181) >42-68 Weeks | (N=172) >68-94 Weeks | (N=168) >94-120 Weeks | (N=154) >120-146 Weeks | (N=35) >146-172 Weeks | (N=2) >172-198 Weeks | |
| Fampridine-SR | 3.38 | 3.27 | 3.48 | 3.42 | 3.58 | 3.66 | 3.65 | 3.96 | 2.50 |
The EDSS was used to grade patient disability on a scale from 0.0 (normal neurological exam) to 10.0 (death) (NCT00649792)
Timeframe: The Screening Visit, Visit 6, Final Visit or Early Termination Visit (if applicable)
| Intervention | 0-10 rating scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| (N=213) Baseline | (N=163) >94-120 Weeks | |
| Fampridine-SR | 5.64 | 5.86 |
For the SGI, the potential responses to the effects of the investigational drug during the preceding week were 1=terrible, 2=unhappy, 3=mostly dissatisfied, 4=neutral/ mixed, 5=mostly satisfied, 6=pleased, and 7=delighted. (NCT00649792)
Timeframe: Visit 1 and every clinic visit thereafter (other than the follow-up visit)
| Intervention | 1-7 scale rating (Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N=214) >0-8 Weeks | (N=200) >8-16 Weeks | (N=199) >16-42 Weeks | (N=183) >42-68 Weeks | (N=173) >68-94 Weeks | (N=167) >94-120 Weeks | (N=153) >120-146 Weeks | (N=35) >146-172 Weeks | (N=2) >172-198 Weeks | |
| Fampridine-SR | 4.67 | 4.70 | 4.77 | 5.04 | 4.95 | 4.97 | 5.15 | 4.94 | 5.50 |
(NCT00649792)
Timeframe: Week 2, 14, 26, continuing every 26 weeks until the Final Visit
| Intervention | feet/seconds (Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N=209) >0-8 Weeks | (N=197) >8-16 Weeks | (N=201) >16-42 Weeks | (N=172) >42-68 Weeks | (N=160) >68-94 Weeks | (N=151) >94-120 Weeks | (N=143) >120-146 Weeks | (N=33) >146-172 Weeks | (N=2) >172-198 Weeks | |
| Fampridine-SR | 2.60 | 2.53 | 2.52 | 2.46 | 2.37 | 2.35 | 2.27 | 2.17 | 1.85 |
All adverse events reported were treatment emergent. Therefore, events that had a date of onset, or worsening, on or after the start of the open-label drug and up to 14 days after the last dose (for non-serious events) or up to 30 days after the last dose (for SAEs) were summarized. Any abnormal clinically significant changes in physical examination, medical history, clinical laboratory testing, 12-lead ECG, and standard EEG testing were captured as adverse events. (NCT00654927)
Timeframe: over 7 years (2004-2011)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with Any AE | Patients with Any Serious AE | Patients with Any Possibly/Probably Related AE | Patients withdrawn due to AE | Patients who Died | Maximum Severity/Patients with Any TEAE -Mild | Maximum Severity/Patients with Any TEAE -Moderate | Maximum Severity/Patients with Any TEAE -Severe | |
| Fampridine-SR b.i.d. | 176 | 65 | 102 | 34 | 5 | 10 | 66 | 100 |
The patient was asked to complete a Subject Global Impression (SGI) questionnaire at Visit 1 and every study visit thereafter except the Follow-up visit. This questionnaire asked the patient to rate the effects of the investigational drug on his/her physical well-being during the preceding week, using a 1 to 7 point scale (1 = terrible, 7 = delighted) (NCT00654927)
Timeframe: visit 1 and every clinic visit
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N=176) >0-8 Weeks | (N=168) >8-16 Weeks | (N=163) >16-42 Weeks | (N=148) >42-68 Weeks | (N=137)>68-94 Weeks | (N=128) >94-120 Weeks | (N=124) >120-146 Weeks | (N=114) >146-172 Weeks | (N=102) >172-198 Weeks | (N=91) >198-224 Weeks | (N=88) >224-250 Weeks | (N=84) >250-276 Weeks | (N=81) >276-302 Weeks | (N=74) >302-328 Weeks | (N=12) >328-354 Weeks | |
| Fampridine-SR b.i.d. | 4.79 | 4.70 | 4.71 | 4.42 | 4.67 | 4.70 | 4.73 | 4.76 | 4.84 | 5.15 | 5.10 | 5.04 | 4.91 | 5.28 | 5.08 |
"Based on the baseline neurological exam, each patient was scored according to the Expanded Disability Status Scale, which rates disability on a 0 to 10 scale (0 = normal neurologic examination, 10 = death)~*EDSS assessments were not well synchronized to study period because of wide differences in interval between screening and initiation" (NCT00654927)
Timeframe: Screening visit, visit 6 and every 24 months thereafter
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N=166) Baseline | (N=92) >8-16 Weeks | (N=114) >42-68 Weeks | (N=56) >146-172 Weeks | |
| Fampridine-SR b.i.d. | 6.04 | 6.14 | 6.26 | 6.03 |
The CGIC was based on the Investigator's overall impression of the patient's neurological status and general state of health related to his or her participation in the study, specifically in regard to signs and symptoms associated with MS. Neurological status was rated according to a 1 to 7 point scale (1 = very much improved, 7 = very much worse) (NCT00654927)
Timeframe: visit 1 and every clinic visit
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N=176) >0-8 Weeks | (N=168) >8-16 Weeks | (N=163) >16-42 Weeks | (N=148) >42-68 Weeks | (N=137) >68-94 Weeks | (N=128) >94-120 Weeks | (N=124) >120-146 Weeks | (N=116) >146-172 Weeks | (N=102) >172-198 Weeks | (N=92) >198-224 Weeks | (N=87) >224-250 Weeks | (N=83) >250-276 Weeks | (N=80) >276-302 Weeks | (N=73) >302-328 Weeks | (N=13) >328-354 Weeks | |
| Fampridine-SR b.i.d. | 3.37 | 3.47 | 3.60 | 3.80 | 3.83 | 3.76 | 3.70 | 3.96 | 3.89 | 3.75 | 3.79 | 3.87 | 4.29 | 4.27 | 3.81 |
(NCT00654927)
Timeframe: Screening visit, visit 4, every 12 weeks thereafter, Last Regular Visit, Follow Up Visit and Early Termination Visit
| Intervention | feet/second (Mean) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N=153) Baseline | (N=1) >0-8 Weeks | (N=134) >8-16 Weeks | (N=141) >16-42 Weeks | (N=127) >42-68 Weeks | (N=111) >68-94 Weeks | (N=103) >94-120 Weeks | (N=92) >120-146 Weeks | (N=86) >146-172 Weeks | (N=76) >172-198 Weeks | (N=66) >198-224 Weeks | (N=56) >224-250 Weeks | (N=52) >250-276 Weeks | (N=54) >276-302 Weeks | (N=50) >302-328 Weeks | (N=10) >328-354 Weeks | |
| Fampridine-SR b.i.d. | 1.87 | 1.98 | 2.09 | 2.02 | 1.82 | 1.85 | 1.77 | 1.88 | 1.84 | 1.93 | 1.82 | 2.05 | 2.03 | 1.96 | 1.98 | 1.89 |
(NCT01316055)
Timeframe: 7 days
| Intervention | nanogram/milliliter (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Healthy: Dalfampridine-ER 7.5 mg | 20.61 |
| Mild Renal: Dalfampridine-ER 7.5 mg | 33.92 |
| Moderate Renal: Dalfampridine-ER 7.5 mg | 46.69 |
AUC(0-12) was based on blood samples taken at specified outcome measure time frame for dalfampridine-ER 7.5 mg tablets in healthy adult volunteers and people with mild or moderate renal impairment. (NCT01316055)
Timeframe: 0 and 1,2,3,4,5,6,8, and 12 hours after the last dose
| Intervention | hour*nanogram/milliliter (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Healthy: Dalfampridine-ER 7.5 mg | 157.8 |
| Mild Renal: Dalfampridine-ER 7.5 mg | 276.5 |
| Moderate Renal: Dalfampridine-ER 7.5 mg | 415.3 |
(NCT01316055)
Timeframe: 7 days
| Intervention | liter/hour (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Healthy: Dalfampridine-ER 7.5 mg | 47.54 |
| Mild Renal: Dalfampridine-ER 7.5 mg | 27.12 |
| Moderate Renal: Dalfampridine-ER 7.5 mg | 18.06 |
"The MSWS-12 is a multi-item rating scale that asks patients to rate limitations of their mobility due to MS during the preceding two weeks on a 5-point scale (from 1= not at all to 5=extremely). The scale assesses a range of activities of daily life that rely on walking, such as climbing stairs, moving around the home and walking distances outdoors. The MSWS-12 also addresses the quality of walking, with questions on the smoothness, speed, distance, effort, and mental concentration involved in walking, as well as the need for assistive devices.~For each visit, the MSWS-12 score was calculated by summing the 12 components and transforming into a scale with a range of 0 to 100.~MSWS-12 Score = 100 * [(Sum of Items 1-12) - 12]/48" (NCT01328379)
Timeframe: Visit 1 (Baseline) and Visit 2 (start of third week double-blind treatment period )
| Intervention | scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -9.48 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 5mg | -9.54 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 10mg | -10.04 |
"The T25FW test is a quantitative measure of ambulatory function that is widely used by MS specialists to assess the global impact of the disease and its progression on the patient's physical disability.~A patient will stand with the toes of his/her shoes on the starting line (identified by a taped mark on the floor) and timing will begin when any part of the patient's foot crosses the tape. Timing will end when any part of the patient's foot crosses the finish line (identified by a taped mark on the floor). Time will be recorded in seconds and rounded to the nearest tenth of a second using a stopwatch provided for this study." (NCT01328379)
Timeframe: Baseline Visit 1 (double-blind study day 1) and approximately 3-4 hours post dose at Visit 3 (end of double-blind week 4)
| Intervention | feet per second (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.363 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 5mg | 0.423 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 10mg | 0.478 |
The Six-Minute Walk, a test of endurance, measures the distance that a patient can walk in a period of 6 minutes. Six-minute walk distance will be reported in feet. (NCT01328379)
Timeframe: Visit 1 (Baseline) and Visit 2 (start of third week double-blind treatment period )
| Intervention | Feet (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 41.7 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 5mg | 76.8 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 10mg | 128.6 |
The EQ-5D is a brief questionnaire that asks patients to rate general state of health. The VAS score rates the general state of health of a patient with 100 for the best imaginable health state and 0 for the worst imaginable health state. (NCT01328379)
Timeframe: Baseline Visit 1 (double-blind study day 1) and Visit 3 (end of double-blind week 4)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 7.0 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 5mg | 2.6 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 10mg | 4.2 |
"The MSWS-12 is a multi-item rating scale that asks patients to rate limitations of their mobility due to MS during the preceding two weeks on a 5-point scale (from 1= not at all to 5=extremely). The scale assesses a range of activities of daily life that rely on walking, such as climbing stairs, moving around the home and walking distances outdoors. The MSWS-12 also addresses the quality of walking, with questions on the smoothness, speed, distance, effort, and mental concentration involved in walking, as well as the need for assistive devices.~For each visit, the MSWS-12 score was calculated by summing the 12 components and transforming into a scale with a range of 0 to 100.~MSWS-12 Score = 100 * [(Sum of Items 1-12) - 12]/48" (NCT01328379)
Timeframe: Baseline Visit 1 (double-blind study day 1) and Visit 3 (end of double-blind week 4)
| Intervention | scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -8.35 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 5mg | -9.73 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 10mg | -11.10 |
"Patients completed a brief, generic health status questionnaire: The five specific dimensional scores value patients' health related to mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain and discomfort, and anxiety and depression. Each question has 3 distinguishable choices that can be analyzed using a 3-point scale (i.e. 1 = no problem, 2=some problems and 3= extreme problems).~A response of 1 indicates that the patient has no problem with the dimension tested and a response of 3 indicates that the patient has extreme problems with the dimension tested. For each visit, the average score of 5 dimensions was calculated by averaging the scores of 5 dimensions. EQ-5D final score ranges from 1-3." (NCT01328379)
Timeframe: Baseline Visit 1 (double-blind study day 1) and Visit 3 (end of double-blind week 4)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.07 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 5mg | -0.05 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 10mg | -0.07 |
"The T25FW test is a quantitative measure of ambulatory function that is widely used by MS specialists to assess the global impact of the disease and its progression on the patient's physical disability.~A patient will stand with the toes of his/her shoes on the starting line (identified by a taped mark on the floor) and timing will begin when any part of the patient's foot crosses the tape. Timing will end when any part of the patient's foot crosses the finish line (identified by a taped mark on the floor). Time will be recorded in seconds and rounded to the nearest tenth of a second using a stopwatch provided for this study." (NCT01328379)
Timeframe: Baseline Visit 1 (double-blind study day 1) and approximately 12 hours post dose at Visit 3 (end of double-blind week 4)
| Intervention | feet per second (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.301 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 5mg | 0.296 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 10mg | 0.391 |
Dalfampridine treatment will result in change in quality of life. The National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire consists of 25 questions characterizing visual function at home and in the community. Score ranges from 100 (best) to 0 (worst). (NCT01337986)
Timeframe: Visit 1 (Week 0), Visit 2 (Week 3) and Visit 3 (Week 8)
| Intervention | NEI VFQ percentage (Median) |
|---|---|
| Dalfampridine | 0 |
| Placebo | 0 |
Visual evoked potential 60min P100 latency on dalfampridine vs. placebo. (NCT01337986)
Timeframe: Visit 1 (Week 0), Visit 2 (Week 3) and Visit 3 (Week 8)
| Intervention | milliseconds (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dalfampridine | 121.6 |
| Placebo | 120.2 |
Percentage of eyes that improved by one-line (5 letters) on the 5% contrast sensitivity chart (NCT01337986)
Timeframe: Visit 1 (Week 0), Visit 2 (Week 3) and Visit 3 (Week 8)
| Intervention | Percent of Eyes (Number) |
|---|---|
| Dalfampridine | 11.1 |
| Placebo | 15.3 |
| Both | 37.5 |
| Neither | 36.1 |
Intent to treat analysis of treatment effect in primary endpoint EDTRS 5% Contrast Sensitivity. Change in the number of letters able to read while on Dalfampridine and Placebo relative to their baseline scores. (NCT01337986)
Timeframe: Visit 1 (Week 0), Visit 2 (Week 3) and Visit 3 (Week 8)
| Intervention | letters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dalfampridine | 3 |
| Placebo | 2.5 |
(NCT01337986)
Timeframe: Visit 1 (Week 0), Visit 2 (Week 3) and Visit 3 (Week 8)
| Intervention | Percentages of eyes that improved (Number) |
|---|---|
| Dalfampridine | 9.7 |
| Placebo | 11.1 |
| Both | 11.1 |
| None | 68.1 |
Dalfampridine will change color vision Total Error Scores from baseline on the Farnsworth Munsell 100 Hue Sort Test. Farnsworth Munsell 100 Hue Test requires placing 100 color palettes in the correct order based upon color hue. Scores are determined by the frequency and severity of any displacement in the correct order. One error equates to one misplaced hue, by one step or position. An error score greater than 500 indicates virtually no color discrimination. An error score of 0 indicates no errors in ordering the hues. A Total Error Score of 0 to 128 could be seen in a normal population. (NCT01337986)
Timeframe: Visit 1 (Week 0 - baseline), Visit 2 (Week 3 - postintervention 1) and Visit 3 (Week 8 - post intervention 2)
| Intervention | FM100 Total Error Score (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dalfampridine | -13.0 |
| Placebo | -10.6 |
Per Protocol Analysis to assess differences in EDTRS 5% Contrast Sensitivity (LogMAR) Scores at visits 2 and 3 Relative to Visit 1 on patients taking Dalfampridine vs Placebo. (NCT01337986)
Timeframe: Visit 1 (Week 0), Visit 2 (Week 3) and Visit 3 (Week 8)
| Intervention | LogMAR Score (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group B: Dalfampridine | -0.04 |
| Group B: Placebo | -0.06 |
| Group A: Placebo | -0.08 |
| Group A: Dalfampridine | -0.06 |
Per Protocol Analysis to assess difference in number of letters on the EDTRS 5% Contrast Sensitivity (LogMAR) Chart scores at visits 2 and 3 Relative to Visit 1 (NCT01337986)
Timeframe: Visit 1 (Week 0), Visit 2 (Week 3) and Visit 3 (Week 8)
| Intervention | letters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group B: Dalfampridine | 2 |
| Group B: Placebo | 2 |
| Group A: Placebo | 4 |
| Group A: Dalfampridine | 3 |
Difference in Pelli- Robson Score at Visits 2 and 3 Relative to Visit 1 on Dalfampridine vs Placebo. Pelli-Robson is scored based upon the numbers read on the chart converted to LogMAR units. The scale is 0.00 (worst) to 2.35 (best). (NCT01337986)
Timeframe: Visit 1 (Week 0), Visit 2 (Week 3) and Visit 3 (Week 8)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dalfampridine | 0.07 |
| Placebo | 0.06 |
Intent to treat analysis of treatment effect in primary endpoint EDTRS 5% Contrast Sensitivity. Improvement from baseline scores. (NCT01337986)
Timeframe: Visit 1 (Week 0), Visit 2 (Week 3) and Visit 3 (Week 8)
| Intervention | 5% Contrast LogMAR Score (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dalfampridine | 0.06 |
| Placebo | 0.05 |
"The Visual Field Index (VFI) is a global index that assigns a number between 1% to 100% based on an aggregate percentage of visual function, with 100% being a perfect age-adjusted visual field.~Probability of falling in the best quartile for visual field (VFI) measures (Q1), relative to the three next quartiles for worse VFIs (Q2-4), while on Dalfampridine vs Placebo. Due to the clustered observations at different times in a cross-over design, the visual field data is not suited to a normal theory model and should not be expressed as a continuous variable. Thus, a categorical model that uses a multinomial distribution for measurement of 4 categories was selected for proper statistical modeling, with results expressed as odds ratios." (NCT01337986)
Timeframe: Visit 1 (Week 0 - baseline), Visit 2 (Week 3 - post intervention 1) and Visit 3 (Week 8 - post intervention 2)
| Intervention | Visual Field Index % of normal vision (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (Visit 1) | Post Intervention 1 (Visit 2) | Post Intervention 2 (Visit 3) | |
| Dalfampridine Then Placebo | 77.53 | 78.50 | 79.71 |
| Placebo Then Dalfampridine | 85.38 | 86.65 | 86.00 |
change in daily stepcount recorded by an accelerometer and averaged over 1 week of wear baseline vs 4 weeks (NCT01356940)
Timeframe: 10 weeks
| Intervention | steps per day (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dalfampridine ER vs Baseline | 148.7 |
| Placebo vs Baseline | 128 |
peak activity index is a measure of the 30 fastest minutes of walking over a 24 hour period, averaged over one week of accelerometer wear. Measurement is change from baseline to 4 weeks on intervention (NCT01356940)
Timeframe: 10 weeks
| Intervention | change in strides per minute (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dalfampridine ER 10mg Bid | 0.6 |
| Placebo | 0.3 |
Automatic Postural Response (APR) latencies will be measured by Computerized Dynamic Posturography (CDP). The restoration of balance after an unexpected movement by Computerized Dynamic Posturography relies on automated postural responses in the upper and lower legs, trunk, shoulders, and neck muscles. APR latency is the reaction- time response to movements of the support surface on which the subject stands. These responses typically occur at onset latencies of ~100 milliseconds. In response to a change, both feet-in-place and stepping strategies can be used to recover balance, with the incidence of stepping responses becoming larger as the change magnitude increases voluntary movements in human subjects. (NCT01444300)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 weeks
| Intervention | milliseconds (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dalfampridine | 5.71 |
| Placebo | 4.58 |
The ABC is an 11-point scale and subjects are asked to indicate personal level of confidence in doing specific activities without losing balance or becoming unsteady on a scale from 0% to 100%. The ratings are added (possible range =0 -1600) and divide by 16 to get each subject's ABC score. A high ABC score indicates a high degree of confidence and a low ABC score indicates a low degree of confidence. (NCT01444300)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 weeks
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dalfampridine | 1.30 |
| Placebo | 0.41 |
(NCT01444300)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 weeks
| Intervention | seconds (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dalfampridine | 0.26 |
| Placebo | 0.39 |
"Safety and tolerability will be assessed primarily by monitoring Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)~TEAEs are defined as Adverse Events (AEs) with date of onset (or worsening) on or after the start-date of double-blind treatment and no more than 5 days after the last dose of double-blind treatment for Part A of the study and no more than 9 days for Part B of the study.~The severity categories of mild, moderate or severe, are defined below:~Mild is defined as causing no limitation of usual activities~Moderate is defined as causing some limitation of usual activities~Severe is defined as causing inability to carry out usual activities" (NCT01468350)
Timeframe: up to 31 days
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TEAEs | Serious TEAEs | TEAEs Maximum Severity - Mild | TEAEs Maximum Severity - Moderate | TEAEs Maximum Severity - Severe | TEAEs Possibly Related to Study Drug | TEAEs Leading to Withdrawal of Study Drug | |
| PART A: Dalfampridine-ER 10mg | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| PART A: Placebo | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| PART B: Dalfampridine-ER 10mg | 9 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| PART B: Placebo | 6 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
The SF-36 determines participants' overall quality of life by assessing 1) limitations in physical functioning due to health problems; 2) limitations in usual role because of physical health problems; 3) bodily pain; 4) general health perceptions; 5) vitality; 6) limitations in social functioning because of physical or emotional problems; 7) limitations in usual role due to emotional problems; and 8) general mental health. Items 1-4 primarily contribute to the PCS score of the SF-36. Items 5-8 primarily contribute to the MCS score of the SF-36. Scores on each item are summed and averaged (range: 0=worst to 100=best). Increases from baseline indicate improvement. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). In contrast to the primary endpoint, this analysis was done using data from both responder and non-responder groups; therefore, 'responder group' and 'visit by responder group interaction' were included as fixed effects. (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Non-responder | -0.4 | -0.2 | 0.2 | -1.1 | -0.5 |
| Responder | 3.3 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 2.8 |
EQ-5D is a participant-answered questionnaire containing a descriptive system on 5 dimensions - mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression and a VAS on health state. The scores on the 5 dimensions of descriptive system can be converted into an index score by applying UK weights. EQ-5D index score ranges from 1 to -0.59, and 1 reflects the best outcome. An increase from baseline indicates improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, and 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Primary-Progressive MS | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.05 |
| Progressive-Relapsing MS | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.10 |
| Relapsing-Remitting MS | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.04 |
| Secondary-Progressive MS | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
EQ-5D is a participant-answered questionnaire containing a descriptive system of 5 dimensions - mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression and a VAS on health state. The EQ-5D VAS ranges from 0 (worst health state) to 100 (best health state). An increase from baseline indicates improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, and 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Primary-Progressive MS | 6.7 | 7.3 | 6.0 | 7.9 | 5.5 |
| Progressive-Relapsing MS | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 5.5 | 4.5 |
| Relapsing-Remitting MS | 8.8 | 10.1 | 8.0 | 8.2 | 8.8 |
| Secondary-Progressive MS | 6.5 | 8.2 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 6.1 |
The SF-36 determines participants' overall quality of life by assessing 1) limitations in physical functioning due to health problems; 2) limitations in usual role because of physical health problems; 3) bodily pain; 4) general health perceptions; 5) vitality; 6) limitations in social functioning because of physical or emotional problems; 7) limitations in usual role due to emotional problems; and 8) general mental health. Items 1-4 primarily contribute to the PCS score of the SF-36. Items 5-8 primarily contribute to the mental component summary (MCS) score of the SF-36. Scores on each item are summed and averaged (range: 0=worst to 100=best). Increases from baseline indicate improvement. Within-group least squares means are presented. (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Responder | 4.2 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 2.9 |
AE: any untoward medical occurrence that did not necessarily have a causal relationship with study treatment. SAE: any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose: resulted in death; in the view of the Investigator, placed the subject at immediate risk of death (a life threatening event); required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization; resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity; resulted in a congenital anomaly/birth defect; any other medically important event that, in the opinion of the Investigator, could have jeopardized the subject or may have required intervention to prevent one of the other outcomes listed in the definition above. (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: From signing of Informed Consent (SAEs) or from first dose of study treatment (AEs) through Week 50 or Early Termination (14 +/- 7 days after last dose)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AE | SAE | Severe AE | Study treatment related AE | Study treatment related SAE | Death | AE leading to study drug discontinuation | AE leading to study discontinuation | |
| All Participants | 586 | 79 | 50 | 285 | 7 | 2 | 40 | 19 |
| Non-responder | 64 | 3 | 2 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1 |
| Responder | 522 | 76 | 48 | 248 | 7 | 2 | 32 | 18 |
The SF-36 determines participants' overall quality of life by assessing 1) limitations in physical functioning due to health problems; 2) limitations in usual role because of physical health problems; 3) bodily pain; 4) general health perceptions; 5) vitality; 6) limitations in social functioning because of physical or emotional problems; 7) limitations in usual role due to emotional problems; and 8) general mental health. Items 1-4 primarily contribute to the PCS score of the SF-36. Items 5-8 primarily contribute to the MCS score of the SF-36. Scores on each item are summed and averaged (range: 0=worst to 100=best). Increases from baseline indicate improvement. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Non-responder: Not Taking Additional MS Therapy | -0.6 | -1.2 | -0.8 | -0.7 | 0.2 |
| Non-responder: Taking Additional MS Therapy | -0.3 | 0.1 | 0.6 | -1.2 | -0.8 |
| Responder: Not Taking Additional MS Therapy | 3.9 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.6 |
| Responder: Taking Additional MS Therapy | 3.1 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 2.5 |
The SF-36 determines participants' overall quality of life by assessing 1) limitations in physical functioning due to health problems; 2) limitations in usual role because of physical health problems; 3) bodily pain; 4) general health perceptions; 5) vitality; 6) limitations in social functioning because of physical or emotional problems; 7) limitations in usual role due to emotional problems; and 8) general mental health. Items 1-4 primarily contribute to the PCS score of the SF-36. Items 5-8 primarily contribute to the MCS score of the SF-36. Scores on each item are summed and averaged (range: 0=worst to 100=best). Increases from baseline indicate improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, and 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Primary-Progressive MS | 2.5 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 1.7 |
| Progressive-Relapsing MS | 3.2 | 2.7 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 2.9 |
| Relapsing-Remitting MS | 4.5 | 5.5 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.0 |
| Secondary-Progressive MS | 3.8 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 3.4 |
The MSIS-29 is a disease specific patient-reported outcome measure that has been developed and validated to examine the physical and psychological impact of MS from a patient's perspective; it measures 20 physical items and 9 psychological items. Sum of 20 physical condition items converted into a 0-100 score range, where missing items are imputed by average of total of non-missing items when no more than 50% are missing (otherwise the total score is missing). A lower total score indicates less physically-related impact while a higher total score indicates greater physically-related impact on a participant's functioning. Decreases from Baseline indicate improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Non-responder | -2.1 | -2.1 | -3.0 | -0.3 | -2.8 |
| Responder | -10.3 | -13.0 | -10.6 | -8.9 | -8.6 |
The MSIS-29 is a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure that has been developed and validated to examine the physical and psychological impact of MS from a patient's perspective; it measures 20 physical items and 9 psychological items. Sum of 9 psychological condition items converted into a 0-100 score range, where missing items are imputed by average of total of non-missing items when no more than 50% are missing (otherwise the total score is missing). A lower total score indicates less psychologically-related impact while a higher total score indicates greater psychologically-related impact on a participant's functioning. Decreases from Baseline indicate improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, and 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Primary-Progressive MS | -8.3 | -9.1 | -8.7 | -8.2 | -7.4 |
| Progressive-Relapsing MS | -7.5 | -8.6 | -7.9 | -8.3 | -5.1 |
| Relapsing-Remitting MS | -9.4 | -11.2 | -8.8 | -8.3 | -9.3 |
| Secondary-Progressive MS | -6.5 | -8.9 | -6.8 | -5.1 | -5.3 |
The MSIS-29 is a disease specific patient-reported outcome measure that has been developed and validated to examine the physical and psychological impact of MS from a patient's perspective; it measures 20 physical items and 9 psychological items. Sum of 20 physical condition items converted into a 0-100 score range, where missing items are imputed by average of total of non-missing items when no more than 50% are missing (otherwise the total score is missing). A lower total score indicates less physically-related impact while a higher total score indicates greater physically-related impact on a participant's functioning. Decreases from Baseline indicate improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, and 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Non-responder: Not Taking Additional MS Therapy | -3.2 | -4.0 | -5.2 | 0.5 | -4.3 |
| Non-responder: Taking Additional MS Therapy | -1.5 | -1.4 | -2.2 | -0.4 | -2.1 |
| Responder: Not Taking Additional MS Therapy | -12.2 | -14.0 | -12.2 | -11.8 | -11.1 |
| Responder: Taking Additional MS Therapy | -9.6 | -12.6 | -10.0 | -8.0 | -7.8 |
The MSIS-29 is a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure that has been developed and validated to examine the physical and psychological impact of MS from a patient's perspective; it measures 20 physical items and 9 psychological items. Sum of 20 physical condition items converted into a 0-100 score range, where missing items are imputed by average of total of non-missing items when no more than 50% are missing (otherwise the total score is missing). A lower total score indicates less physically-related impact while a higher total score indicates greater physically-related impact on a participant's functioning. Decreases from Baseline indicate improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, and 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Primary-Progressive MS | -8.3 | -10.6 | -8.4 | -7.9 | -6.2 |
| Progressive-Relapsing MS | -12.5 | -12.6 | -14.9 | -10.4 | -11.9 |
| Relapsing-Remitting MS | -12.1 | -15.0 | -12.0 | -10.5 | -10.9 |
| Secondary-Progressive MS | -10.3 | -13.3 | -10.9 | -8.9 | -8.2 |
The SF-36 determines participants' overall quality of life by assessing 1) limitations in physical functioning due to health problems; 2) limitations in usual role because of physical health problems; 3) bodily pain; 4) general health perceptions; 5) vitality; 6) limitations in social functioning because of physical or emotional problems; 7) limitations in usual role due to emotional problems; and 8) general mental health. Items 1-4 primarily contribute to the PCS score of the SF-36. Items 5-8 primarily contribute to the MCS score of the SF-36. Scores on each item are summed and averaged (range: 0=worst to 100=best). Increases from baseline indicate improvement. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Non-responder: Not Taking Additional MS Therapy | 0.6 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 0.0 | -0.3 |
| Non-responder: Taking Additional MS Therapy | -0.1 | -1.3 | 0.2 | 1.3 | -0.7 |
| Responder: Not Taking Additional MS Therapy | 3.9 | 4.8 | 4.1 | 2.8 | 3.9 |
| Responder: Taking Additional MS Therapy | 2.8 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 |
The SF-36 determines participants' overall quality of life by assessing 1) limitations in physical functioning due to health problems; 2) limitations in usual role because of physical health problems; 3) bodily pain; 4) general health perceptions; 5) vitality; 6) limitations in social functioning because of physical or emotional problems; 7) limitations in usual role due to emotional problems; and 8) general mental health. Items 1-4 primarily contribute to the PCS score of the SF-36. Items 5-8 primarily contribute to the MCS score of the SF-36. Scores on each item are summed and averaged (range: 0=worst to 100=best). Increases from baseline indicate improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, and 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Primary-Progressive MS | 3.2 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 2.5 |
| Progressive-Relapsing MS | 2.0 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 0.5 |
| Relapsing-Remitting MS | 4.0 | 4.9 | 4.3 | 3.1 | 3.5 |
| Secondary-Progressive MS | 3.0 | 4.5 | 2.9 | 2.1 | 2.6 |
The SF-36 determines participants' overall quality of life by assessing 1) limitations in physical functioning due to health problems; 2) limitations in usual role because of physical health problems; 3) bodily pain; 4) general health perceptions; 5) vitality; 6) limitations in social functioning because of physical or emotional problems; 7) limitations in usual role due to emotional problems; and 8) general mental health. Items 1-4 primarily contribute to the PCS score of the SF-36. Items 5-8 primarily contribute to the MCS score of the SF-36. Scores on each item are summed and averaged (range: 0=worst to 100=best). Increases from baseline indicate improvement. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Non-responder | 0.1 | -0.6 | 0.6 | 1.0 | -0.6 |
| Responder | 3.1 | 4.2 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 2.5 |
EQ-5D is a participant-answered questionnaire containing a descriptive system on 5 dimensions - mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression and a VAS on health state. The scores on the 5 dimensions of descriptive system can be converted into an index score by applying UK weights. EQ-5D index score ranges from 1 to -0.59, and 1 reflects the best outcome. An increase from baseline indicates improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Non-responder: Not Taking Additional MS Therapy | 0.02 | -0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.04 |
| Non-responder: Taking Additional MS Therapy | -0.00 | 0.02 | -0.00 | -0.00 | -0.03 |
| Responder: Not Taking Additional MS Therapy | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.07 |
| Responder: Taking Additional MS Therapy | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
EQ-5D is a participant-answered questionnaire containing a descriptive system on 5 dimensions - mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression and a VAS on health state. The scores on the 5 dimensions of descriptive system can be converted into an index score by applying United Kingdom (UK) weights. EQ-5D index score ranges from 1 to -0.59, and 1 reflects the best outcome. An increase from baseline indicates improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Non-responder | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | -0.01 |
| Responder | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
EQ-5D is a participant-answered questionnaire containing a descriptive system of 5 dimensions - mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression and a VAS on health state. The EQ-5D VAS ranges from 0 (worst health state) to 100 (best health state). An increase from baseline indicates improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Non-responder | -4.4 | -3.2 | -3.6 | -4.9 | -6.0 |
| Responder | 6.7 | 8.0 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 6.3 |
EQ-5D is a participant-answered questionnaire containing a descriptive system of 5 dimensions - mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression and a VAS on health state. The EQ-5D VAS ranges from 0 (worst health state) to 100 (best health state). An increase from baseline indicates improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Non-responder: Not Taking Additional MS Therapy | -0.8 | -1.2 | 1.5 | -1.8 | -1.5 |
| Non-responder: Taking Additional MS Therapy | -5.8 | -3.9 | -5.6 | -6.1 | -7.7 |
| Responder: Not Taking Additional MS Therapy | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 8.7 |
| Responder: Taking Additional MS Therapy | 6.0 | 7.6 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.5 |
The PRIMUS activity measure is a 15-item assessment of patient-reported activities of daily living. The total score was calculated as sum of all 15 items converted into a 0-30 range, where missing items were imputed by average of non-missing total when no more than 50% of items were missing (otherwise, the total score is missing). Higher score indicates worse condition. A decrease from Baseline indicates improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, and 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Primary-Progressive MS | -0.5 | -1.6 | -0.8 | -0.3 | 0.7 |
| Progressive-Relapsing MS | -1.7 | -1.9 | -1.6 | -2.0 | -1.2 |
| Relapsing-Remitting MS | -2.5 | -3.2 | -2.3 | -2.4 | -2.0 |
| Secondary-Progressive MS | -1.1 | -2.1 | -1.3 | -0.7 | -0.5 |
The PRIMUS activity measure is a 15-item assessment of patient-reported activities of daily living. The total score was calculated as sum of all 15 items converted into a 0-30 range, where missing items were imputed by average of non-missing total when no more than 50% of items were missing (otherwise, the total score is missing). Higher score indicates worse condition. A decrease from Baseline indicates improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Non-responder: Not Taking Additional MS Therapy | 0.8 | -0.0 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.0 |
| Non-responder: Taking Additional MS Therapy | 0.8 | -0.5 | 0.6 | 2.0 | 1.1 |
| Responder: Not Taking Additional MS Therapy | -1.9 | -2.9 | -2.1 | -1.6 | -1.0 |
| Responder: Taking Additional MS Therapy | -1.3 | -2.1 | -1.2 | -1.1 | -0.7 |
The PRIMUS activity measure is a 15-item assessment of patient-reported activities of daily living. The total score was calculated as sum of all 15 items converted into a 0-30 range, where missing items were imputed by average of non-missing total when no more than 50% of items were missing (otherwise, the total score is missing). Higher score indicates worse condition. A decrease from Baseline indicates improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Non-responder | 0.8 | -0.4 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 1.1 |
| Responder | -1.4 | -2.3 | -1.4 | -1.2 | -0.8 |
WPAI-SHP is a 6-question participant-rated questionnaire to determine degree to which a specific health problem affected work productivity while at work and outside of work. Four scores are derived: percentage of absenteeism (percentage of work time missed) and presenteeism (reduced productivity while at work), overall work impairment score combining absenteeism and presenteeism, and percentage of impairment in activities performed outside of work. Score range: 0 (not affected/no impairment) to 100 (completely affected/impaired). WPAI outcomes are expressed as impairment percentages with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity. A decrease from Baseline indicates improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, 12
| Intervention | percentage of activity impairment (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Non-responder | -4.1 | -3.1 | -4.7 | -4.1 | -4.4 |
| Responder | -11.4 | -13.5 | -12.3 | -10.4 | -9.2 |
WPAI-SHP is a 6-question participant-rated questionnaire to determine degree to which a specific health problem affected work productivity while at work and outside of work. Four scores are derived: percentage of absenteeism (percentage of work time missed) and presenteeism (reduced productivity while at work), overall work impairment score combining absenteeism and presenteeism, and percentage of impairment in activities performed outside of work. Score range: 0 (not affected/no impairment) to 100 (completely affected/impaired). WPAI outcomes are expressed as impairment percentages with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity. A decrease from Baseline indicates improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, and 12
| Intervention | percentage of activity impairment (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Non-responder: Not Taking Additional MS Therapy | -3.1 | -1.8 | -0.5 | 1.6 | -11.6 |
| Non-responder: Taking Additional MS Therapy | -4.2 | -3.4 | -6.3 | -5.9 | -1.3 |
| Responder: Not Taking Additional MS Therapy | -13.3 | -15.7 | -14.6 | -12.0 | -10.9 |
| Responder: Taking Additional MS Therapy | -10.6 | -12.7 | -11.5 | -9.8 | -8.5 |
WPAI-SHP is a 6-question participant-rated questionnaire to determine degree to which a specific health problem affected work productivity while at work and outside of work. Four scores are derived: percentage of absenteeism (percentage of work time missed) and presenteeism (reduced productivity while at work), overall work impairment score combining absenteeism and presenteeism, and percentage of impairment in activities performed outside of work. Score range: 0 (not affected/no impairment) to 100 (completely affected/impaired). WPAI outcomes are expressed as impairment percentages with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity. A decrease from Baseline indicates improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, and 12
| Intervention | percentage of activity impairment (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Primary-Progressive MS | -7.1 | -8.7 | -9.0 | -7.1 | -3.7 |
| Progressive-Relapsing MS | -12.2 | -11.0 | -14.2 | -10.8 | -13.0 |
| Relapsing-Remitting MS | -14.9 | -16.2 | -15.1 | -14.9 | -13.5 |
| Secondary-Progressive MS | -9.8 | -13.4 | -11.1 | -7.5 | -7.1 |
WPAI-SHP is a 6-question participant-rated questionnaire to determine degree to which a specific health problem affected work productivity while at work and outside of work. Four scores are derived: percentage of absenteeism (percentage of work time missed) and presenteeism (reduced productivity while at work), overall work impairment score combining absenteeism and presenteeism, and percentage of impairment in activities performed outside of work. Score range: 0 (not affected/no impairment) to 100 (completely affected/impaired). WPAI outcomes are expressed as impairment percentages with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity. A decrease from Baseline indicates improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, 12
| Intervention | percentage of work time missed (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Non-responder | -8.3 | -4.0 | -7.6 | -9.6 | -12.1 |
| Responder | -2.5 | -3.0 | -5.3 | -1.1 | -0.7 |
WPAI-SHP is a 6-question participant-rated questionnaire to determine degree to which a specific health problem affected work productivity while at work and outside of work. Four scores are derived: percentage of absenteeism (percentage of work time missed) and presenteeism (reduced productivity while at work), overall work impairment score combining absenteeism and presenteeism, and percentage of impairment in activities performed outside of work. Score range: 0 (not affected/no impairment) to 100 (completely affected/impaired). WPAI outcomes are expressed as impairment percentages with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity. A decrease from Baseline indicates improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, and 12
| Intervention | percentage of work time missed (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Non-responder: Not Taking Additional MS Therapy | 14.9 | 28.6 | 6.4 | 13.9 | 10.6 |
| Non-responder: Taking Additional MS Therapy | -11.9 | -8.3 | -10.3 | -12.8 | -16.2 |
| Responder: Not Taking Additional MS Therapy | -2.4 | -2.0 | -4.3 | -2.1 | -1.1 |
| Responder: Taking Additional MS Therapy | -3.0 | -3.7 | -6.0 | -1.2 | -1.0 |
WPAI-SHP is a 6-question participant-rated questionnaire to determine degree to which a specific health problem affected work productivity while at work and outside of work. Four scores are derived: percentage of absenteeism (percentage of work time missed) and presenteeism (reduced productivity while at work), overall work impairment score combining absenteeism and presenteeism, and percentage of impairment in activities performed outside of work. Score range: 0 (not affected/no impairment) to 100 (completely affected/impaired). WPAI outcomes are expressed as impairment percentages with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity. A decrease from Baseline indicates improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, and 12
| Intervention | percentage of work time missed (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Primary-Progressive MS | -2.5 | -3.3 | -3.3 | -1.1 | -2.2 |
| Progressive-Relapsing MS | -4.0 | -1.1 | -2.3 | -10.0 | -2.7 |
| Relapsing-Remitting MS | -2.9 | -3.1 | -6.4 | -1.9 | -0.3 |
| Secondary-Progressive MS | -1.5 | -2.6 | -5.3 | 2.0 | -0.1 |
WPAI-SHP is a 6-question participant-rated questionnaire to determine degree to which a specific health problem affected work productivity while at work and outside of work. Four scores are derived: percentage of absenteeism (percentage of work time missed) and presenteeism (reduced productivity while at work), overall work impairment score combining absenteeism and presenteeism, and percentage of impairment in activities performed outside of work. Score range: 0 (not affected/no impairment) to 100 (completely affected/impaired). WPAI outcomes are expressed as impairment percentages with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity. A decrease from Baseline indicates improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, and 12
| Intervention | percentage of overall work impairment (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Non-responder: Not Taking Additional MS Therapy | 1.2 | 18.0 | -8.2 | 3.7 | -8.6 |
| Non-responder: Taking Additional MS Therapy | -9.9 | -6.6 | -1.8 | -18.5 | -12.6 |
| Responder: Not Taking Additional MS Therapy | -6.7 | -7.1 | -7.7 | -5.5 | -6.5 |
| Responder: Taking Additional MS Therapy | -4.8 | -7.9 | -7.8 | -1.6 | -1.8 |
WPAI-SHP is a 6-question participant-rated questionnaire to determine degree to which a specific health problem affected work productivity while at work and outside of work. Four scores are derived: percentage of absenteeism (percentage of work time missed) and presenteeism (reduced productivity while at work), overall work impairment score combining absenteeism and presenteeism, and percentage of impairment in activities performed outside of work. Score range: 0 (not affected/no impairment) to 100 (completely affected/impaired). WPAI outcomes are expressed as impairment percentages with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity. A decrease from Baseline indicates improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, and 12
| Intervention | percentage of overall work impairment (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Primary-Progressive MS | -0.8 | -1.7 | -3.3 | 1.2 | 0.4 |
| Progressive-Relapsing MS | -6.5 | 2.9 | -6.5 | -9.7 | -12.6 |
| Relapsing-Remitting MS | -7.5 | -10.7 | -9.2 | -4.9 | -5.3 |
| Secondary-Progressive MS | -6.8 | -10.4 | -11.9 | -2.6 | -2.1 |
WPAI-SHP is a 6-question participant-rated questionnaire to determine degree to which a specific health problem affected work productivity while at work and outside of work. Four scores are derived: percentage of absenteeism (percentage of work time missed) and presenteeism (reduced productivity while at work), overall work impairment score combining absenteeism and presenteeism, and percentage of impairment in activities performed outside of work. Score range: 0 (not affected/no impairment) to 100 (completely affected/impaired). WPAI outcomes are expressed as impairment percentages with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity. A decrease from Baseline indicates improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, 12
| Intervention | percentage of impairment while working (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Non-responder | -8.4 | -1.8 | -5.6 | -17.9 | -8.4 |
| Responder | -4.2 | -6.9 | -6.5 | -3.0 | -0.3 |
WPAI-SHP is a 6-question participant-rated questionnaire to determine degree to which a specific health problem affected work productivity while at work and outside of work. Four scores are derived: percentage of absenteeism (percentage of work time missed) and presenteeism (reduced productivity while at work), overall work impairment score combining absenteeism and presenteeism, and percentage of impairment in activities performed outside of work. Score range: 0 (not affected/no impairment) to 100 (completely affected/impaired). WPAI outcomes are expressed as impairment percentages with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity. A decrease from Baseline indicates improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, and 12
| Intervention | percentage of impairment while working (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Non-responder: Not Taking Additional MS Therapy | -11.5 | -3.3 | -15.9 | -6.0 | -20.7 |
| Non-responder: Taking Additional MS Therapy | -7.3 | -1.0 | -3.8 | -19.0 | -5.5 |
| Responder: Not Taking Additional MS Therapy | -6.4 | -8.1 | -8.0 | -5.6 | -3.8 |
| Responder: Taking Additional MS Therapy | -3.1 | -6.1 | -5.6 | -1.9 | 1.1 |
WPAI-SHP is a 6-question participant-rated questionnaire to determine degree to which a specific health problem affected work productivity while at work and outside of work. Four scores are derived: percentage of absenteeism (percentage of work time missed) and presenteeism (reduced productivity while at work), overall work impairment score combining absenteeism and presenteeism, and percentage of impairment in activities performed outside of work. Score range: 0 (not affected/no impairment) to 100 (completely affected/impaired). WPAI outcomes are expressed as impairment percentages with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity. A decrease from Baseline indicates improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, and 12
| Intervention | percentage of impairment while working (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Primary-Progressive MS | 0.8 | -1.7 | -2.5 | 0.5 | 6.8 |
| Progressive-Relapsing MS | -7.3 | -2.9 | -8.3 | -4.9 | -13.1 |
| Relapsing-Remitting MS | -5.8 | -8.6 | -6.7 | -5.0 | -2.9 |
| Secondary-Progressive MS | -4.2 | -8.0 | -8.7 | -1.8 | 1.4 |
The MSIS-29 is a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure that has been developed and validated to examine the physical and psychological impact of MS from a patient's perspective; it measures 20 physical items and 9 psychological items. Sum of 9 psychological condition items converted into a 0-100 score range, where missing items are imputed by average of total of non-missing items when no more than 50% are missing (otherwise the total score is missing). A lower total score indicates less psychologically-related impact while a higher total score indicates greater psychologically-related impact on a participant's functioning. Decreases from Baseline indicate improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Months 3, 6, 9, and 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Non-responder: Not Taking Additional MS Therapy | -2.8 | -1.0 | -2.6 | -2.4 | -5.1 |
| Non-responder: Taking Additional MS Therapy | -0.3 | 0.2 | -2.6 | -0.2 | 1.3 |
| Responder: Not Taking Additional MS Therapy | -9.7 | -11.1 | -9.5 | -8.9 | -9.1 |
| Responder: Taking Additional MS Therapy | -7.1 | -9.0 | -7.1 | -6.1 | -6.2 |
The MSIS-29 is a disease specific patient-reported outcome measure that has been developed and validated to examine the physical and psychological impact of MS from a patient's perspective; it measures 20 physical items and 9 psychological items. Sum of 9 psychological condition items converted into a 0-100 score range, where missing items are imputed by average of total of non-missing items when no more than 50% are missing (otherwise the total score is missing). A lower total score indicates less psychologically-related impact while a higher total score indicates greater psychologically-related impact on a participant's functioning. Decreases from Baseline indicate improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Non-responder | -1.0 | -0.2 | -2.6 | -0.8 | -0.5 |
| Responder | -7.8 | -9.6 | -7.7 | -6.8 | -7.0 |
WPAI-SHP is a 6-question participant-rated questionnaire to determine degree to which a specific health problem affected work productivity while at work and outside of work. Four scores are derived: percentage of absenteeism (percentage of work time missed) and presenteeism (reduced productivity while at work), overall work impairment score combining absenteeism and presenteeism, and percentage of impairment in activities performed outside of work. Score range: 0 (not affected/no impairment) to 100 (completely affected/impaired). WPAI outcomes are expressed as impairment percentages with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity. A decrease from Baseline indicates improvement. A mixed effect model for repeated measures was used for this analysis. An unstructured covariance was used to model within-participant error. The 'overall' estimate is the average change from baseline over the whole time period (through Month 12). (NCT01480076)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 9, 12
| Intervention | percentage of overall work impairment (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| Non-responder | -8.7 | -4.5 | -2.9 | -15.9 | -11.7 |
| Responder | -5.2 | -7.7 | -7.8 | -2.4 | -2.9 |
time required to perform T25FW. (NCT01491022)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
| Intervention | seconds (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ampyra Then Placebo | 11.6 |
| Placebo Then Ampyra | 11.8 |
change in FOGQ score 0- 16, where 0 is normal, 16 is severely impaired (NCT01491022)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ampyra Then Placebo | 13.16 |
| Placebo Then Ampyra | 13.4 |
The primary outcome measure will be the change in gait velocity as measured with by 3-dimensional gait analysis system. (NCT01491022)
Timeframe: baseline and 4 weeks
| Intervention | m/s (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ampyra | 0.03 |
| Placebo | 0.05 |
change in stride length as measured by 3 D capture analysis (NCT01491022)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
| Intervention | meters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ampyra | -0.01 |
| Placebo | 0.05 |
change in UPDRS score (motor) range 0-104, where 0 is good and 104 is worse. (NCT01491022)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ampyra | 35.22 |
| Placebo | 35.55 |
time required to perform TUG. (NCT01491022)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
| Intervention | seconds (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ampyra Then Placebo | 23.25 |
| Placebo Then Ampyra | 20.6 |
The BBS is a 14-item scale that evaluates subjects ability to sit, stand, reach, maintain single-leg stance, and turn. The scoring is rated from 0 (cannot perform task) to 4 (normal performance of task) for each of 14 items. The maximum possible score is 56 and the lowest 0. A higher total score is indicative of better performance. (NCT01535664)
Timeframe: 11 days on drug (day-7 to day 1 + day 11 to day 15) and 10 days withdrawn (day 1 to day 11)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dalfampridine-ER Withdrawn | 45.7 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 10mg | 47.3 |
"The T25FW test is a measure of ambulatory function that provides quantitative data and is used widely in the MS population~A higher walking speed is indicative of better performance" (NCT01535664)
Timeframe: 11 days on drug (day-7 to day 1 + day 11 to day 15) and 10 days withdrawn (day 1 to day 11)
| Intervention | Feet per second (ft/s) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dalfampridine-ER Withdrawn | 3.42 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 10mg | 3.78 |
"Subjects will walk without assistance for 2 minutes and the distance will be measured and timed by the use of a stop watch.~A larger walking distance is indicative of better performance." (NCT01535664)
Timeframe: 11 days on drug (day-7 to day 1 + day 11 to day 15) and 10 days withdrawn (day 1 to day 11)
| Intervention | Meters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dalfampridine-ER Withdrawn | 119.381 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 10mg | 129.044 |
"The co-primary efficacy variable was overall balance. This novel composite score was created from standardized individual NeuroCom test results (Z-scores).~Overall balance is a weighted average of Sensory Organization Test (SOT) fixed surface eyes open, fixed surface eyes closed, walls moving eyes open, surface moving eyes open, surface moving eyes closed, surface and walls moving eyes open; Limits of Stability Test (LOS) measuring reaction time, movement velocity, endpoint excursion, maximum excursion and directional control; and Adaptation Test (ADT) measuring the averaged, raw sway and center of force during rotational disturbances. ZBAL (Z-Score Balance)= (ZSOT*0.5) + (ZADT*0.2) + (ZLOS*0.3)~Overall balance was calculated by transforming ZBAL into a percentile using the standard normal distribution. This rescales the Z-score to a scale from 0 to 100. A higher score is indicative of better performance." (NCT01535664)
Timeframe: 11 days on drug (day-7 to day 1 + day 11 to day 15) and 10 days withdrawn (day 1 to day 11)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dalfampridine-ER Withdrawn | 55.10 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 10mg | 54.98 |
"The co-primary efficacy variable was overall gait. This novel composite score was created from standardized individual NeuroCom test results (Z-scores).~ZGAIT (Z-Score Gait) is the average of Walk Across (WA) measuring step width, step length, speed; Tandem Walk (TW) measuring step width, speed and end sway, and Step/Quick turn (SQT) measuring turn time and turn sway).~Overall gait was calculated by transforming ZGAIT into a percentile using the standard normal distribution. This rescales the Z-score to a scale from 0 to 100. A higher score is indicative of better performance." (NCT01535664)
Timeframe: 11 days on drug (day-7 to day 1 + day 11 to day 15) and 10 days withdrawn (day 1 to day 11)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dalfampridine-ER Withdrawn | 46.01 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 10 mg | 51.40 |
"A TEAE is defined as any adverse event with date of onset (or worsening) on or after the start-date of double-blind treatment through 7 days after the last dose of double-blind treatment.~The severity categories of mild, moderate or severe, are defined below:~Mild is defined as causing no limitation of usual activities~Moderate is defined as causing some limitation of usual activities~Severe is defined as causing inability to carry out usual activities" (NCT01605825)
Timeframe: up to 36 days
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects with any TEAEs | TEAEs Possibly Related to study drug | TEAEs Maximum Severity - Mild | TEAEs Maximum Severity - Moderate | TEAEs Maximum Severity - Severe | TEAEs leading to withdrawal of study drug | TEAEs Serious | Subjects who died | |
| Dalfampridine-ER | 42 | 24 | 29 | 10 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 0 |
| Placebo | 30 | 16 | 16 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
"The Spasm Frequency score is the average rating by the clinician of the left and right arm(s) and leg(s), each evaluated on a 4-point scale (from 0=no spasms to 4=spontaneous spasms occurring more than ten times per hour), with higher scores denoting a greater degree of muscle spasms.~The Spasm Severity score is the average rating of the left and right arm(s) and leg(s), each evaluated on a three-point scale (mild, moderate, or severe) as rated by the clinician on the basis of patient self-report.~On both, a negative change in score signifies improvement in muscle spasms. The average Spasm Frequency/Spasm Severity Score was calculated as the average of the left and right non-missing scores." (NCT01683838)
Timeframe: Baseline (visits 2,3) average score days 7,14 and double-blind treatment period (visits 4-7) average score days 28-98
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arm Spasm Frequency | Leg Spasm Frequency | Arm Spasm Severity | Leg Spasm Severity | |
| Fampridine-SR 50mg/Day | -0.13 | -0.12 | -0.09 | -0.14 |
| Placebo | 0.02 | -0.10 | -0.02 | -0.07 |
"Bowel questions pertaining to the average number of minutes per day spent on bowel routine were asked of all patients daily.~A negative change in patient bowel function diary score signifies improvement." (NCT01683838)
Timeframe: Baseline (visit 1) average score obtained at day 1 and double-blind treatment period (visits 4-7) average score days 28-98
| Intervention | minutes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Fampridine-SR 50mg/Day | -0.7 |
| Placebo | 0.3 |
"The Ashworth evaluates the functioning of two lower extremity muscle groups, the hamstring and quadriceps muscles, while in the supine position. The test measures extension of the right and left hamstring muscle and flexion of the right and left quadriceps muscle using the following 5-point grading scale:~1=no increased tone; 2=slight increase in tone, giving a catch when the affected part is moved in flexion or extension; 3=more marked increase in tone, but affected part is easily flexed; 4=considerable increase in tone, passive movement is difficult; 5=affected part is rigid in flexion and extension.~The Ashworth Score was determined by adding all individual scores for each muscle group and dividing by four. Higher Ashworth Scores indicated greater spasticity." (NCT01683838)
Timeframe: Baseline (visits 2,3) average score days 7,14 and double-blind treatment period (visits 4-7) average score days 28-98
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Fampridine-SR 50mg/Day | -0.28 |
| Placebo | -0.16 |
The supervising clinician rated the patient's neurological condition following treatment as compared to the screening visit on a seven-point scale (from 1=very much improved to 7=very much worse). The assessment was based on the clinician's overall impression of the patient's neurological status (specifically bowel, bladder, and sexual function; spasticity; and other neurological functions) and general state of health related to his or her participation in the study. Negative change scores indicated a change for the better. (NCT01683838)
Timeframe: Baseline (visits 2,3) average of days 7-14 and double-blind treatment period (visits 4-7) average of days 28-98)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Fampridine-SR 50mg/Day | -0.2 |
| Placebo | -0.2 |
"The SGI is a 7-unit ordinal scale used by the subject to evaluate the effects of study medication on his/her quality of life during the preceding week, with higher scores denoting greater satisfaction. A positive change score in SGI signifies improved outcome.~The questionnaire consisted of one question (How do you feel about the effects of the investigational drug over the past 7 days?). The answer was based on a numerical rating scale where 1=terrible; 2=unhappy; 3=mostly dissatisfied; 4=neutral/mixed; 5=mostly satisfied; 6=pleased; 7=delighted." (NCT01683838)
Timeframe: Baseline (visits 2,3) average score days 7,14 and double-blind treatment period (visits 4-7) average score days 28-98
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Fampridine-SR 50mg/Day | -0.0 |
| Placebo | 0.1 |
Ten key muscle groups for the right and left sides were rated on a 0 (absent) to 5 (normal) scale, with a possible total score of 100. Higher positive change scores indicate improved motor function. (NCT01683838)
Timeframe: Baseline (visits 2,3) average score days 7,14 and stable-dose treatment period (visits 5-7) average score days 56-98
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Fampridine-SR 50mg/Day | 0.4 |
| Placebo | 0.7 |
"Bowel/bladder questions pertaining to the average number of times per day the patient experienced accidental urination/leakage and the average number of bowel movements per day were asked of all patients daily.~A negative change in patient bladder/bowel function diary score signifies improvement." (NCT01683838)
Timeframe: Baseline (visit 1) average score obtained at day 1 and double-blind treatment period (visits 4-7) average score days 28-98
| Intervention | episodes (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Accidental Urination or Leakage | Number of Bowel Movements | |
| Fampridine-SR 50mg/Day | -0.2 | 0.1 |
| Placebo | -0.2 | -0.0 |
"The FSFI is a brief, reliable, and valid self-administered questionnaire of 19 questions (items). It contains six domains: Desire (2 items score range: 1 Very low or none at all to 5 Very high), Arousal (4 items score range: 0 No sexual activity to 5 Almost always or always), Lubrication (4 items score range: 0 No sexual activity to 5 Almost always or always), Orgasm (3 items score range: 0 No sexual activity to 5 Almost always or always), Satisfaction (3 items score range: 0 No sexual activity to 5 Very satisfied) and Pain (3 items score range: 0 Did not attempt intercourse to 5 Almost never or never).~A positive change signifies improvement." (NCT01683838)
Timeframe: Baseline (visit 1) average score obtained at day 1 and stable treatment period (visits 4-7) average score days 28-98
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Desire | Arousal | Lubrication | Orgasm | Satisfaction (Fampridine-SR N=13, Placebo N=12) | Pain | |
| Fampridine-SR 50mg/Day | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
| Placebo | 0.2 | 0.2 | -0.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | -0.1 |
"Male patients were asked to complete the IIEF questionnaire on sexual function. The IIEF is a brief, reliable, and valid self-administered questionnaire of 15 questions (items) that were categorized into five domains: Erectile Function (EF) scores: 0-6 Severe dysfunction, 7-12 Moderate dysfunction, 13-18 Mild to moderate dysfunction, 19-24 Mild dysfunction, 25-30 No dysfunction. Orgasmic Function (OF) score range: 0-2 Severe dysfunction to 9-10 No dysfunction, Sexual Desire (SD) score range: 0-2 Severe dysfunction to 9-10 No dysfunction, Intercourse Satisfaction (IS) score range: 0-3 Severe dysfunction to 13-15 No dysfunction, and Overall Satisfaction (OS) score range: 0-2 Severe dysfunction to 9-10 No dysfunction.~Domain scores were derived by summing the individual items within a given domain. Final scale ranges from 0 (negative) to 5 (positive). A positive change in IIEF domain scores signifies improvement." (NCT01683838)
Timeframe: Baseline (visit 1) average score obtained at day 1 and stable treatment period (visit 7) average score day 98
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EF (Fampridine-SR Number (N) =65, Placebo N=77) | OF (Fampridine-SR N=64, Placebo N=76) | SD (Fampridine-SR N=64, Placebo N=75) | IS (Fampridine-SR N=64, N=76) | OS (Fampridine-SR N=51, Placebo N=66) | |
| Fampridine-SR 50mg/Day | 0.8 | 0.3 | -0.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Placebo | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
The patient is directed to one end of a clearly marked 25-foot course and is instructed to walk 25 feet as quickly as possible, but safely. The time, in seconds, is calculated from the initiation of the instruction to start and ends when the patient has reached the 25-foot mark. Baseline values are recorded twice. One was at the beginning of the intervention. The second was 2 weeks after washout period and before the second intervention. (NCT01811706)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 weeks after Dalfampridine or placebo
| Intervention | second (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| T25FW at baseline | Change from baseline at 4 weeks | |
| Dalfampridine | 23.7 | -1.1 |
| Placebo | 24.4 | -0.3 |
Scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA) is a clinical scale that is based on a semiquantitative assessment of cerebellar ataxia on an impairment level. SARA has 8 items that are related to gait, stance, sitting, speech, finger-chase test, nose-finger test, fast alternating movements and heel-shin test. SARA score ranges from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating more severe disease. (NCT01811706)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 weeks after Dalfampridine or placebo
| Intervention | point (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| SARA at baseline | Change from baseline at week 4 | |
| Dalfampridine | 10.0 | 0.6 |
| Placebo | 10.1 | 0.8 |
Biomechanical Assessment of Gait is a sensitive, quantitative movement analysis system. Stride length was analyzed. Baseline values are recorded twice. One was at the beginning of the intervention. The second was 2 weeks after washout period and before the second intervention. (NCT01811706)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 weeks after Dalfampridine or placebo
| Intervention | cm (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Sstride Length at baseline | Stride Length at week 4 | |
| Dalfampridine | 112.7 | 1.6 |
| Placebo | 111.8 | 4.0 |
The Symbol Digit Modalities Test is a measure of cognitive processing speed. The outcome is the total number of correct digit substitutions in 90 seconds, with a possible total range of 0-120. Higher values reflect a better score/outcome than lower scores. (NCT02006160)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 12
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 0 | Week 12 | |
| Control | 35.06 | 38.63 |
| Treatment | 41.18 | 45.05 |
Upper and lower extremity muscle strength measurements, using a hand held dynamometer, at the beginning and end of each arm. Change in muscle strength between baseline and end (8 weeks) of each intervention are provided. (NCT02166346)
Timeframe: baseline and end (8 weeks) of each intervention
| Intervention | Pounds (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supine Left Hip Flexor | Supine Right Hip Flexor | Prone Left Hip Flexor | Prone Right Hip Flexor | Left Grip | Right Grip | |
| Dalfampridine | .6420 | 2.5774 | 3.286 | 3.9752 | 3.1594 | -1.3602 |
| Placebo | -0.05187 | 2.854 | -1.497 | -4.4162 | -2.9007 | 2.1665 |
In this cross-over study, walking speed was recorded 4 times for each subject while in both the dalfampridine and placebo arms. The results average all of the times while on damfampridine and compares them to the average of the times while on placebo. (NCT02166346)
Timeframe: Every 2 weeks during each 8 week intervention
| Intervention | feet/second (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline to 2 weeks | Change from baseline to 4 weeks | Change from baseline to 6 weeks | Change from baseline to 8 weeks | |
| Dalfampridine | 0.3342 | 0.4593 | 0.5445 | 0.3803 |
| Placebo | 0.4745 | 0.1743 | 0.5697 | 0.2101 |
AMSQ - Arm Function in Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire. This is a 31-item patient reported outcome measure which is validated to measure limitation in arm and hand functioning in people with multiple sclerosis. Patients rate the ability to which they can perform routine daily tasks with current hand function. Higher scores indicate greater limitations. Scale ranges from 0-100. AMSQ scores were collected for the group on Placebo treatment at Weeks 6,10,16 and 20 - the sum of the 4 scores was averaged. AMSQ scores were collected for the group on Fampridine treatment at Weeks 6, 10, 16, 20. The sum of the 4 scores was averaged. (NCT02208050)
Timeframe: 20 weeks: Assessments at Week 6 - midway through first treatment period, Week 10 - end of first treatment period, Week 16 - midway through second treatment period, Week 20 - end of second treatment period.
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Fampridine | 35.4 |
| Placebo | 38.4 |
"Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test (JTT) is a timed test (seconds) comprising of seven 'real-world' tasks such as picking up small items. It has been validated for use in upper limb function in MS. A secondary measure of upper limb responsiveness will be defined as number of participants with a 20% improvement in from baseline in the average time taken to complete all seven tasks on the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test on treatment (assessments 4 & 5 or 7 & 8) compared with baseline assessments (assessments 1,2 & 3).~Baseline assessments (1,2,3) performed in two week period prior to first treatment block. Longer time indicates worse functioning. Improvement is defined as shorter time in seconds.~Assessment 4: Midway through first treatment period (week 4 of 8 week treatment period) Assessment 5: End of first treatment period (end of week 8) Assessment 7: Midway through second treatment period Assessment 8: End of second treatment period" (NCT02208050)
Timeframe: 20 weeks: Weeks 0-2: Assessment 1/2/3; Week 6: Assessment 4; Week 10: Assessment 5; Week 16: Assessment 7; Week 20: Assessment 8
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dominant hand71962151 | Dominant hand71962150 | Non-dominant hand71962150 | Non-dominant hand71962151 | |||||
| Responders | Non-responders | |||||||
| Placebo | 0 | |||||||
| Placebo | 61 | |||||||
| Fampridine | 3 | |||||||
| Fampridine | 60 | |||||||
"9 Hole Peg Test is a test of upper limb function. Participants place 9 pegs on pegboard and remove pegs - this is timed for each hand. Time recorded in seconds. Longer time indicates poorer upper limb function. 20% improvement is defined as 20% shorter time in seconds. An upper limb responder is defined as a patient with both of the two on treatment 9 Hole Peg Test (9-HPT) assessments measured in seconds (assessments 4 & 5 or 7 & 8) improving 20% from the average of the baseline assessments (1, 2 & 3). Washout assessment not included in the analysis." (NCT02208050)
Timeframe: 20 weeks. Baseline assessments 1,2,3: weeks 0-2. Assessment 4 - midway through first treatment period; assessment 5: end of first treatment period. Assessment 7: midway through second treatment period, assessment 8: end of second treatment period.
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dominant hand71962148 | Dominant hand71962149 | Non-dominant hand71962148 | Non-dominant hand71962149 | |||||
| Responders | Non-responders | |||||||
| PR-Fampridine | 4 | |||||||
| Placebo | 3 | |||||||
| PR-Fampridine | 58 | |||||||
| Placebo | 59 | |||||||
| PR-Fampridine | 2 | |||||||
| Placebo | 1 | |||||||
| PR-Fampridine | 60 | |||||||
| Placebo | 61 | |||||||
"A mobility responder to Fampridine will be defined as a patient with both of the two on treatment T25FW assessments (assessments 4 & 5 or 7 & 8) being better (shorter time in seconds) than the maximum of any of the four off treatment assessments (assessments 1, 2, 3, 6). Otherwise the patient will be deemed a non-responder. T25FW test is the time taken to walk 25 feet taken as the average of two trials. Measured in seconds. Longer time indicates slower walking. Improvement is considered shorter amount of time in seconds - no specific percentage or amount of time was considered necessary.~Assessment 4: Midway through first treatment period (week 4 of 8 week treatment period) Assessment 5: End of first treatment period (end of week 8) Assessment 7: Midway through second treatment period Assessment 8: End of second treatment period." (NCT02208050)
Timeframe: 20 weeks: Weeks 0-2: Assessment 1/2/3; Week 6: Assessment 4; Week 10: Assessment 5; Week 16: Assessment 7; Week 20: Assessment 8
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Responders | Non-responders | |
| Fampridine | 59 | 2 |
| Placebo | 59 | 2 |
MSIS-29 is a patient reported outcome with a physical and psychological component combined into one scale. They refer to the self-reported impact of MS on their physical and psychological wellbeing. Higher scores indicate a higher impact on functioning. The 20 item physical scale and the 9 item psychological scale are reported as two separate scaled scores. Both scale ranges are 0-100. Higher scores indicate a higher impact on functioning. MSIS -20 and MSIS-9 scores were collected for the group on Placebo treatment at Weeks 6,10,16 and 20 - the sum of the scores was averaged. MMSIS-20 and MSIS-9 scores were collected for the group on Fampridine treatment at Weeks 6, 10, 16, 20. The sum of the scores was averaged. (NCT02208050)
Timeframe: 20 weeks: Assessments at Week 6 - midway through first treatment period, Week 10 - end of first treatment period, Week 16 - midway through second treatment period, Week 20 - end of second treatment period.
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Fampridine: MSIS-20 | 42.4 |
| Placebo: MSIS20 | 43.3 |
| Fampridine: MSIS-9 | 30.5 |
| Placebo: MSIS-9 | 29.4 |
Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale 12 is a 12-item self report measure of the impact of MS on an individual's walking ability. Scores are summed 1-3; 1-5 for each item. Higher scores indicate higher limitation in walking ability. Scores are summed and transformed to a 0-100 scale again with higher scores indicating higher self-reported limitation in walking ability. MSWS12 scores were collected for the group on Placebo treatment at Weeks 6,10,16 and 20 - the sum of the 4 scores was averaged. MSWS-12 scores were collected for the group on Fampridine treatment at Weeks 6, 10, 16, 20. The sum of the 4 scores was averaged. (NCT02208050)
Timeframe: 20 weeks: Assessments at Week 6 - midway through first treatment period, Week 10 - end of first treatment period, Week 16 - midway through second treatment period, Week 20 - end of second treatment period.
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| On Treatment: Fampridine | 64.5 |
| Placebo | 65 |
"Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand Scores questionnaire: The DASH consists of a 30-item disability symptom scale scored 0 (no disability) to 100, developed as a self-rated upper extremity disability and symptoms. Higher scores indicate higher self-perception of disability.~DASH questionnaire administered to fampridine treated group at Weeks 6,10,16 and 20. Scores at each time point were summed and averaged. DASH questionnaire administered to placebo treated group at Weeks 6,10,16 and 20. Scores at each time point were summed and averaged." (NCT02208050)
Timeframe: 20 weeks: Assessments at Week 6 - midway through first treatment period, Week 10 - end of first treatment period, Week 16 - midway through second treatment period, Week 20 - end of second treatment period.
| Intervention | Mean units on a scale. (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Fampridine | 35.4 |
| Placebo | 38.3 |
"The 29-item MSIS-29 is a participant-reported outcome measure to assess the impact of MS on day-to-day life during the past 2 weeks from a participant's perspective; it measures 20 physical items and 9 psychological items. The physical score is generated by summing individual items and then transforming to a scale with a range of 0 (no impact of MS) to 100 (extreme impact of MS); a negative change indicates an improvement in function.~Data are based on a mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) model using a common variance AR(1) variance-covariance matrix structure. Treatment, visit and treatment by visit interaction were included in the model as explanatory variables, adjusting for screening EDSS, baseline MSIS-29 physical score and prior aminopyridine as covariates. Missing data are handled using multiple imputation and baseline is defined as the mean over screening and Day 1." (NCT02219932)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -4.68 |
| Fampridine 10 mg BID | -8.00 |
"MSWS-12 is a participant self-assessment of the walking limitations due to MS during the past 2 weeks. It contains 12 items that measure the impact of MS on walking. Items are summed to generate a total score and transformed to a scale with a range of 0 to 100, where higher scores indicate greater impact on walking.~A responder is defined as a participant with a mean improvement of at least 8 points over 24 weeks compared to baseline. Baseline is defined as the mean at Screening and Day 1 visits. If a participant has a mean MSWS-12 score of < 0.5 over the double-blind period, and a baseline MSWS-12 score of < 8 points, the participant is counted as a responder. A participant who indicates they cannot walk at all on MSWS-12 during any double-blind visit, and who shows severe disability and an inability to walk on other efficacy assessments is counted as a non-responder. Estimated proportion obtained from binomial proportions." (NCT02219932)
Timeframe: Baseline to 24 weeks
| Intervention | proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.336 |
| Fampridine 10 mg BID | 0.432 |
"The ABILHAND Questionnaire measures a participant's perceived difficulty in performing everyday manual activities in the last 3 months. The participant completes a 56-item questionnaire by estimating their own difficulty or ease in performing each of 56 activities. Items are summed to generate a total score and transformed to a scale with a range of 0 (poor manual ability) to 100 (good manual ability); a positive change indicates an improvement in manual ability.~Data are based on an MMRM model using a common variance AR(1) variance-covariance matrix structure. Treatment, visit and treatment by visit interaction were included in the model as explanatory variables, adjusting for screening EDSS, baseline ABILHAND and prior aminopyridine as covariates. Missing data are handled using multiple imputation and baseline is defined as the Day 1 assessment." (NCT02219932)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.75 |
| Fampridine 10 mg BID | 1.49 |
"The BBS is a widely used assessment tool to identify balance impairment. Functional activities such as reaching, bending, transferring, and standing are evaluated on the test to evaluate balance. Participants are asked to complete 14 tasks that are rated from 0 (cannot perform) to 4 (normal performance) for a total of 56 points. BBS scores range from 0 (poor balance) to 56 (good balance); a positive change indicates improvement.~Data are based on an MMRM model using a common variance AR(1) variance-covariance matrix structure. Treatment, visit and treatment by visit interaction were included in the model as explanatory variables, adjusting for screening EDSS, baseline BBS and prior aminopyridine as covariates. Missing data are handled using multiple imputation and baseline is defined as the mean over screening and Day 1." (NCT02219932)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.34 |
| Fampridine 10 mg BID | 1.75 |
"TUG is a timed walking test designed to measure gait performance and balance. It measures in seconds the time taken by an individual to stand up from a standard arm chair (approximate seat height of 46 cm [18in], arm height 65 cm [25.6 in]), walk a distance of 3 meters (118 inches, approximately 10 feet), turn, walk back to the chair, and sit down.~A responder is defined as a participant with a mean improvement of at least 15% in TUG speed over 24 weeks compared to baseline. Baseline is defined as the mean at Screening and Day 1 visits. Estimated proportion obtained from binomial proportions. There are 2 TUG tests given, and the average across the 2 tests is used to calculate average speed. Healthy participants below the age of 79 are expected to complete this task in 7-10 seconds (American College of Rheumatology). Missing data are handled using multiple imputation and baseline is defined as the mean over Screening and Day 1." (NCT02219932)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | proportion of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.347 |
| Fampridine 10 mg BID | 0.434 |
"The Walk-12 is a 12-question questionnaire that asks subjects to rate limitations of their mobility during the preceding two weeks on a 5-point scale (from 1= not at all to 5=extremely). For each visit, the Walk-12 score will be calculated by summing the 12 components and transforming into a scale with a range of 0 to 100. A higher score indicates a greater degree of limitation in walking. A negative change indicates an improvement in walking. 0 = no limitation in mobility to 100 extreme limitation in mobility.~Walk-12 Score = 100 * [(Mean of the 12 items) - 1]/(5-1)" (NCT02271217)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 45.40 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 7.5 mg | 48.34 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 10mg | 49.26 |
"The 2MinWT measures the distance a subject can walk in 2 minutes. Participants showing at Least a 20% Improvement on the 2MinWT at 12-weeks are considered Responders." (NCT02271217)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Responder | Non-Responder | Missing | |
| Dalfampridine-ER 10mg | 23 | 90 | 8 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 7.5 mg | 17 | 96 | 8 |
| Placebo | 17 | 97 | 12 |
The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is a method of quantifying disability in multiple sclerosis and monitoring changes in the level of disability over time. It is widely used in clinical trials and in the assessment of people with MS. The EDSS scale ranges from 0 to 10 in 0.5 unit increments that represent higher levels of disability. Scoring is based on an examination by a neurologist. The first levels 1.0 to 4.5 refers to people with a high degree of ambulatory ability and the subsequent levels 5.0 to 9.5 refers to the loss of ambulatory ability. It also provides eight subscale measurements called Functional System (FS) scores. The levels of function within each category refer to the eight FS affected by MS: The FS are scored on a scale of 0 (low level of problems) to 5 (high level of problems) to best reflect the level of disability observed clinically. (NCT02280096)
Timeframe: 15-20 minutes
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 4-aminopyridine Treatment | 4.6 |
| Placebo | 4.04 |
Measures higher order problem-solving ability. The information it provides is not only useful when assessing frontal lobe damage, but also when evaluating attention disorders and executive functioning difficulties. The administrator arranges red, green, and blue beads on a peg board to match the configuration in the diagram. The patient is asked to replicate the configuration on a second peg board. Scores are calculated for Total Correct Moves and Total Moves. Total moves: higher scores indicate a worse cognitive performance (min= 0, max=58+); Total correct higher scores indicate a better cognitive performance (min=0, max=10). (NCT02280096)
Timeframe: 25-30 minutes
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Total moves | Correct moves | |
| 4-aminopyridine | 42.7 | 4 |
| Placebo | 50.8 | 3 |
Measures higher-order problem-solving ability. The information it provides is not only useful when assessing frontal lobe damage, but also when evaluating attention disorders and executive functioning difficulties. The administrator arranges red, green, and blue beads on a peg board to match the configuration in the diagram. The patient is asked to replicate the configuration on a second peg board. Scores are calculated for Total Execution Time (since the patient performs the first move until he ends the test), Total Problem-Solving Time (the sum of planning and execution times). Total execution time higher scores indicate a worse outcome (min= 0-78, max=564+ seconds), Total problem-solving time higher scores indicate a worse outcome (min= 0-56, max=500+ seconds). (NCT02280096)
Timeframe: 25-30 minutes
| Intervention | seconds (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Total execution time | Total problem-solving time | |
| 4-aminopyridine | 296.2 | 363.3 |
| Placebo | 367.9 | 426.8 |
Safety surveillance will be done every two weeks from the beginning of the study, intentionally searching for adverse events (AE). EEG (Diffuse or focal cerebral dysfunction through demonstration of background slowing or presence of epileptiform activity assessed by a neurophysiologist) and laboratory tests (Presence of values higher of the normal value established by local laboratory and related to the administration of treatments), blood and urine samples: creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, triglycerides, total direct, and indirect bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine kinase, lactic acid dehydrogenase, amylase and lipase. A complete blood cell count with differentials and a routine urinalysis and urine culture also obtained at each visit, will be done before the patients take 40, 50 and 60 mg/day. The number of participants with abnormal studies were reported. (NCT02280096)
Timeframe: 22 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Number of participants with abnormal lab results | Number of participants with abnormal EEG | |
| 4-aminopyridine Treatment | 1 | 0 |
| Placebo | 0 | 0 |
"Is used primarily to assess perseveration and abstract thinking, allows the clinician to assess the following 'frontal' lobe functions: strategic planning, organised searching, utilising environmental feedback to shift cognitive sets, directing behaviour toward achieving a goal. WCST measures abstract reasoning and ability to alter problem solving strategies. Patients are given 128 response cards and 4 stimulus cards and asked to match each stimulus card to 1 pile of response cards. The patient is not told how to match the cards, only right or wrong to each placement. The examiner may change matching rules during the test. Perseveration errors occur when subject repeats the same error no matter how many times they are told the placement is wrong. Higher scores indicate a worse cognitive performance (min=0-3, max=58-126)" (NCT02280096)
Timeframe: 10-15 minutes
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 4-aminopyridine | 19.8 |
| Placebo | 22.8 |
Timed 25 Foot Walk Test (T25-FW). The T25-FW is a quantitative mobility and leg function performance test based on a timed 25-walk. The patient is directed to one end of a clearly marked 25-foot course and is instructed to walk 25 feet as quickly as possible, but safely. The time is calculated from the initiation of the instruction to start and ends when the patient has reached the 25-foot mark. The task is immediately administered again by having the patient walk back the same distance. Patients may use assistive devices when doing this task. TIME LIMIT PER TRIAL (2) 3 minutes (180 seconds) per trial. (NCT02280096)
Timeframe: 5-10 minutes
| Intervention | seconds (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 4-aminopyridine | 15.2 |
| Placebo | 10.4 |
The purpose of this test is to assess visual-spatial constructional ability and visual memory. The time required to copy the drawing is recorded. Less time indicates a better performance and more time indicates a worse outcome (min score 60 and max score 300 seconds). (NCT02280096)
Timeframe: 10-15 minutes
| Intervention | units on a scale (seconds) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 4-aminopyridine | 208.6 |
| Placebo | 231.2 |
Integrated Program of Neuropsychological Exploration Test Barcelona: Digit Span Forward (DSF), (attention spam and improved scoring metrics significantly enhance the precision of DSF assessments of short-term verbal memory). Digit sequences are presented beginning with a length of two digits and two trials are presented at each increasing list length. Max score 8 and min score 0 digits. Higher scores indicate a better cognitive performance. (NCT02280096)
Timeframe: 7-10 min
| Intervention | correct numbers recalled (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 4-aminopyridine | 6.1 |
| Placebo | 5 |
Processing speed information (which includes reading, count, and alternation speed). Cards with a different number of stimuli are shown to the patient, who has to read, count, and respond to a change of instructions (alternation). Reading speed (min 12, max 31+ seconds), counting speed (min 14, max 28+ seconds), and alternation speed (min 26, max 56+ seconds) are recorded. Less speed corresponds to a better outcome. (NCT02280096)
Timeframe: 8-10 min
| Intervention | seconds (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Reading speed | Count speed | Alternation speed | |
| 4-aminopirydine | 28 | 30.5 | 60.3 |
| Placebo | 29.6 | 34.2 | 58.8 |
The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) is one of the most frequently used inventories for measuring fatigue in people with chronic illnesses. The FSS questionnaire is comprised of nine statements inquiring about the examinee's sleep habits over the preceding week. Ratings are on a 7-point Likert scale, where higher scores indicate how strongly the patient agrees with the nine statements.Scale. Scoring using a bimodal response system or a Likert score with weights assigned to each response choice. Likert or bimodal rating scales with 4 response options. For the Likert Scale: better than usual= 0, no more than usual= 1, worse than usual= 2, much worse than usual= 3. For the bimodal scale: better than usual= 0, no more than usual= 0, worse than usual= 1, much worse than usual= 1. Sum all items for a total score. Score range. Range is 0 -11 for bimodal response format. Interpretation of scores. Higher score indicates more fatigue. Self report scale (NCT02280096)
Timeframe: 10 minutes
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 4-aminopirydine | 4.3 |
| Placebo | 3.3 |
Measure sustained attention. The CTT uses numbered coloured circles and universal sign language symbols. The circles are printed with vivid pink or yellow backgrounds that are perceptible to colourblind individuals. For the Colour Trails 1 trial, the respondent uses a pencil to rapidly connect circles numbered 1 through 25 in sequence. Less time indicates better performance (min=10, max= 240). (NCT02280096)
Timeframe: 5-8 minutes
| Intervention | units on a scale (seconds) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 4-aminopyridine | 68.91 |
| Placebo | 67.3 |
Neuropsychological tests to assess: verbal fluency. Participants have to say as many words as possible from a category in a given time 60 Sec (F, A, S) Max score 72 and min score 19 words. Higher scores indicate a better cognitive performance. (NCT02280096)
Timeframe: 10-15 minutes
| Intervention | Correct words (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 4-aminopyridine | 42.09 |
| Placebo | 35.5 |
For each saccade made by the subject, the ratio of the maximum velocity (deg/sec) of the eye moving away from the nose and of the eye moving towards the nose was calculated. Subjects' horizontal saccades were recorded for 10 minutes, and an average of PSR for all saccades recorded was taken. (NCT02391961)
Timeframe: Average PSR values were taken on day of visit 2 (after 4 weeks) and on day of visit 4 (after 10 weeks), on each visit before (baseline) and three hours after taking the study pill.
| Intervention | ratio (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| average pulse size ratio baseline | average pulse size ratio after 3 hours | |
| Dalfampridine | 1.914 | 1.805 |
| Placebo | 1.937 | 1.898 |
We used a validated questionnaire to assess visual disability, the National Eye Institute (NEI) Visual Function Questionnaire 25. Min value 0; Max value 100; Higher scores mean a better outcome. (NCT02391961)
Timeframe: VFQ25 was administered on day of visit 2 (after 4 weeks) and on day of visit 4 (after 10 weeks).
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dalfampridine | 73.48 |
| Placebo | 71.62 |
MNREAD acuity charts for reading acuity (RA) (NCT02391961)
Timeframe: Average RA values were taken on day of visit 2 (after 4 weeks) and on day of visit 4 (after 10 weeks), on each visit before (baseline) and three hours after taking the study pill.
| Intervention | logMAR for RA (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| RA at baseline | RA after 3 hours | |
| Dalfampridine | 0.111 | 0.088 |
| Placebo | 0.108 | 0.086 |
We used a validated questionnaire to assess visual disability, the 10-Item Neuro-Ophthalmic Supplement. Min value 0; Max value 100; Higher scores mean a better outcome. (NCT02391961)
Timeframe: 10-Item NOS was administered on day of visit 2 (after 4 weeks) and on day of visit 4 (after 10 weeks).
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dalfampridine | 64.9 |
| Placebo | 64.3 |
25-foot Walk Test (FWT) (NCT02391961)
Timeframe: Measures were taken on day of visit 2 (after 4 weeks) and on day of visit 4 (after 10 weeks), on each visit before (baseline) and three hours after taking the study pill.
| Intervention | seconds (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 25 FWT baseline | 25 FWT after 3 hours | |
| Dalfampridine | 8.986 | 8.567 |
| Placebo | 9.113 | 9.184 |
For each saccade made by the subject, we calculated the difference (in sec) between the onset (based on a velocity threshold) of the movement in the adducting eye (the eye moving towards the nose) and the onset of the movement in the abducting eye (the eye moving away from the nose). Subjects' horizontal saccades were recorded for 10 minutes, and an average of PTD for all saccades recorded was taken. (NCT02391961)
Timeframe: Average PTD values were taken on day of visit 2 (after 4 weeks) and on day of visit 4 (after 10 weeks), on each visit before (baseline) and three hours after taking the study pill.
| Intervention | seconds (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Average PTD at baseline | Average PTD after 3 hours | |
| Dalfampridine | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Placebo | 0.007 | 0.008 |
MNREAD acuity charts for reading speed (maximum reading speed, MRS) (NCT02391961)
Timeframe: Average MRS values were taken on day of visit 2 (after 4 weeks) and on day of visit 4 (after 10 weeks), on each visit before (baseline) and three hours after taking the study pill.
| Intervention | words per minute (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| MRS at baseline | MRS after 3 hours | |
| Dalfampridine | 156 | 158 |
| Placebo | 151.7 | 158.7 |
10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT) and Change from Baseline by Visit (NCT02422940)
Timeframe: Day 1, up to 12 months
| Intervention | Meter /second (Mean) | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Visit 2 (Day 15) Actual Value | Visit 2 (Day 15) Change from Baseline | Visit 3 (Month 1) Actual Value | Visit 3 (Month 1) Change from Baseline | Visit 4 (Month 2) Actual Value | Visit 4 (Month 2) Change from Baseline | Visit 5 (Month 3) Actual Value | Visit 5 (Month 3) Change from Baseline | Visit 6 (Month 6) Actual Value | Visit 6 (Month 6) Change from Baseline | Visit 7 (Month 9) Actual Value | Visit 7 (Month 9) Change from Baseline | Visit 8 (Month 12) Actual Value | Visit 8 (Month 12) Change from Baseline | Final Visit - Actual Value | Final Visit - Change from Baseline | |
| Dalfampridine-ER 10 mg | 0.89 | 0.94 | 0.05 | 0.98 | 0.06 | 0.98 | 0.08 | 1.00 | 0.08 | 0.99 | 0.07 | 1.06 | 0.08 | 1.08 | 0.06 | 0.91 | -0.03 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 7.5 mg | 0.92 | 0.97 | 0.05 | 0.96 | 0.03 | 0.99 | 0.06 | 0.95 | 0.05 | 1.01 | 0.06 | 0.99 | 0.08 | 1.05 | 0.07 | 1.04 | 0.04 |
"The SF-12 v2 (4-week recall) is a general health-related quality-of-life profile measure consisting of 12 items. The SF-12 Physical Component Summary (PCS) and the Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores will be derived and normed to a general United States population for score algorithm. The normalized PCS and MCS scores will be calculated at baseline, Month 12, and subsequent visits.~SF-12 is a Physical and Mental Health Composite Scores (PCS & MCS) are computed using the scores of twelve questions and range from 0 to 100, where a zero score indicates the lowest level of health measured by the scales and 100 indicates the highest level of health." (NCT02422940)
Timeframe: Day 1, up to 12 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MCS - Baseline | MCS - Visit 8 - (Month 12) Actual | MCS - Visit 8 - (Month 12) Change from Baseline | PCS - Baseline | PCS - Visit 8 - (Month 12) Actual | PCS - Visit 8 - (Month 12) Change from Baseline | |
| Dalfampridine-ER 10 mg | 54.4 | 54.5 | -2.4 | 37.0 | 34.4 | -2.3 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 7.5 mg | 54.2 | 50.5 | -4.3 | 36.2 | 37.3 | 2.7 |
The SIS consists of 59 items grouped in 8 domains: strength, hand function, activities of daily living (ADL) / instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), mobility, communication, emotion, memory and thinking, and participation/role function. The subject is asked to rate the level of difficulty in performing each item in the preceding week. Each item is scored on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (inability to complete the item) to 5 (no difficulty experienced at all). For each domain, the SIS score will be calculated by summing all the items within the domain and transforming into a scale with a range of 0 to 100 as follows: SIS Score = 100 * [(Actual raw score - Lowest possible raw score)/ (Highest possible raw score-Lowest possible raw score)]. (NCT02422940)
Timeframe: Day 1, up to 12 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SIS ADL/IADL - Baseline | SIS ADL/IADL Visit 6 Actual | SIS ADL/IADL Visit 6 Change from Baseline | SIS ADL/IADL Visit 8 Actual | SIS ADL/IADL Visit 8 Change from Baseline | SIS Communication - Baseline | SIS Communication Visit 6 Actual | SIS Communication Visit 6 Change from Baseline | SIS Communication Visit 8 Actual | SIS Communication Visit 8 Change from Baseline | SIS Emotion - Baseline | SIS Emotion Visit 6 Actual | SIS Emotion Visit 6 Change from Baseline | SIS Emotion Visit 8 Actual | SIS Emotion Visit 8 Change from Baseline | SIS Hand Function - Baseline | SIS Hand Function Visit 6 Actual | SIS Hand Function Visit 6 Change from Baseline | SIS Hand Function Visit 8 Actual | SIS Hand Function Visit 8 Change from Baseline | SIS Memory & Thinking - Baseline | SIS Memory & Thinking Visit 6 Actual | SIS Memory & Thinking Visit 6 Change from Baseline | SIS Memory & Thinking Visit 8 Actual | SIS Memory & Thinking Visit 8 Change from Baseline | SIS Mobility - Baseline | SIS Mobility Visit 6 Actual | SIS Mobility Visit 6 Change from Baseline | SIS Mobility Visit 8 Actual | SIS Mobility Visit 8 Change from Baseline | SIS Participation - Baseline | SIS Participation Visit 6 Actual | SIS Participation Visit 6 Change from Baseline | SIS Participation Visit 8 Actual | SIS Participation Visit 8 Change from Baseline | SIS Physical Dimension Score (SIS 16) - Baseline | SIS Physical Dimension Visit 6 Actual | SIS Physical Dim. Visit 6 Change from Baseline | SIS Physical Dimension Visit 8 Actual | SIS Physical Dim. Visit 8 Change from Baseline | SIS Strength - Baseline | SIS Strength Visit 6 Actual | SIS Strength Visit 6 Change from Baseline | SIS Strength Visit 8 Actual | SIS Strength Visit 8 Change from Baseline | Stroke Recovery - Baseline | Stroke Recovery - Visit 6 Actual | Stroke Recovery Visit 6 Change from Baseline | Stroke Recovery Visit 8 Actual | Stroke Recovery Visit 8 Change from Baseline | |
| Dalfampridine-ER 10 mg | 75.1 | 77.0 | -0.2 | 73.8 | -0.3 | 88.3 | 88.6 | 0.3 | 89.7 | -2.5 | 68.9 | 65.7 | -2.7 | 67.0 | 3.8 | 48.4 | 52.3 | 1.3 | 54.0 | 3.3 | 82.8 | 84.9 | 0.9 | 87.1 | -1.0 | 72.8 | 74.2 | -0.9 | 68.6 | -2.2 | 68.8 | 70.7 | 1.4 | 65.8 | -3.1 | 64.5 | 65.1 | -0.6 | 62.8 | -1.3 | 53.3 | 52.8 | 0.0 | 51.8 | -1.3 | 65.0 | 66.4 | 1.5 | 67.4 | 1.8 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 7.5 mg | 71.8 | 72.8 | 0.4 | 72.3 | 1.7 | 88.6 | 88.7 | -0.1 | 83.6 | -1.2 | 67.3 | 66.5 | -1.01 | 64.5 | -2.6 | 45.9 | 47.3 | 4.6 | 46.2 | 4.3 | 82.8 | 84.0 | 0.9 | 80.7 | 0.5 | 71.7 | 74.5 | 1.4 | 70.8 | 3.5 | 64.8 | 69.6 | 3.4 | 65.3 | 4.3 | 63.6 | 65.1 | 0.7 | 64.0 | 1.5 | 53.4 | 51.5 | -0.9 | 48.5 | -1.1 | 60.3 | 64.0 | 2.8 | 62.4 | 0.6 |
"The Subject Global Impression (SGI) is single item measure of treatment response that asks the subject to rate the effects of the investigational drug on his or her overall walking ability using a 7 point scale ranging from 1 = Terrible to 7 = Delighted." (NCT02422940)
Timeframe: Visit 8 (Month 12)
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 - Delighted | 6 - Pleased | 5 - Somewhat Satisfied | 4 - Neutral/Mixed | 3 - Somewhat Dissatisfied | 2 - Unhappy | 1 - Terrible | |
| Dalfampridine-ER 10 mg | 2 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 7.5 mg | 6 | 7 | 6 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
The TUG measures mobility and balance and can predict the risk of falls. This test, which was initially called the Get-up and Go test, is considered a measure of dynamic balance. The subject is asked to stand up from a chair, walk 10 feet at a comfortable pace, turn around and be seated. The Timed Up and Go (TUG) is measured in seconds. There will be one practice test and then the timed test. Only the timed test will be analyzed at each visit time point. Reciprocal transformation may be performed if the time values are markedly skewed. (NCT02422940)
Timeframe: Day 1, up to 12 months
| Intervention | Seconds (Mean) | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Visit 2 (Day 15) Actual Value | Visit 2 (Day 15) Change from Baseline | Visit 3 (Month 1) Actual Value | Visit 3 (Month 1) Change from Baseline | Visit 4 (Month 2) Actual Value | Visit 4 (Month 2) Change from Baseline | Visit 5 (Month 3) Actual Value | Visit 5 (Month 3) Change from Baseline | Visit 6 (Month 6) Actual Value | Visit 6 (Month 6) Change from Baseline | Visit 7 (Month 9) Actual Value | Visit 7 (Month 9) Change from Baseline | Visit 8 (Month 12) Actual Value | Visit 8 (Month 12) Change from Baseline | Final Visit - Actual Value | Final Visit - Change from Baseline | |
| Dalfampridine-ER 10 mg | 20.16 | 19.82 | -0.40 | 18.76 | -0.61 | 18.49 | -1.32 | 17.39 | -1.60 | 17.07 | -1.36 | 15.85 | -1.08 | 15.17 | -0.50 | 19.21 | 1.25 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 7.5 mg | 17.92 | 18.59 | 0.67 | 17.28 | -0.59 | 17.57 | -0.45 | 18.10 | 0.05 | 17.75 | 0.33 | 22.93 | 1.66 | 16.80 | 0.33 | 17.38 | 1.34 |
2 Minute Walk Test (2MinWT) and Change from Baseline by Visit (NCT02422940)
Timeframe: Day 1, up to 12 months
| Intervention | Feet (Mean) | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Visit 2 (Day 15) Actual Value | Visit 2 (Day 15) Change from Baseline | Visit 3 (Month 1) Actual Value | Visit 3 (Month 1) Change from Baseline | Visit 4 (Month 2) Actual Value | Visit 4 (Month 2) Change from Baseline | Visit 5 (Month 3) Actual Value | Visit 5 (Month 3) Change from Baseline | Visit 6 (Month 6) Actual Value | Visit 6 (Month 6) Change from Baseline | Visit 7 (Month 9) Actual Value | Visit 7 (Month 9) Change from Baseline | Visit 8 (Month 12) Actual Value | Visit 8 (Month 12) Change from Baseline | Final Visit - Actual Value | Final Visit - Change from Baseline | |
| Dalfampridine-ER 10 mg | 297.41 | 312.08 | 14.27 | 317.96 | 14.48 | 318.98 | 17.48 | 331.77 | 16.99 | 321.28 | 72 | 342.24 | 19.25 | 360.90 | 19.98 | 318.48 | 9.88 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 7.5 mg | 309.59 | 319.24 | 9.72 | 322.95 | 10.81 | 328.01 | 16.67 | 323.29 | 15.44 | 335.28 | 16.38 | 312.98 | 21.88 | 330.07 | 23.65 | 320.34 | 20.23 |
The Walk-12 is a 12-question questionnaire that asks subjects to rate limitations of their mobility during the preceding two weeks on a 5-point scale (from 1= not at all to 5=extremely). For each visit, the Walk-12 score will be calculated by summing the 12 components and transforming into a scale with a range of 0 to 100. A higher score indicates a greater degree of limitation in walking. A negative change indicates an improvement in walking. 0 = no limitation in mobility to 100 extreme limitation in mobility. Walk-12 Score = 100 * [(Mean of the 12 items) - 1]/(5-1) (NCT02422940)
Timeframe: Day 1, up to 12 months
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Visit 2 (Day 15) Actual Value | Visit 2 (Day 15) Change from Baseline | Visit 6 (Month 6) Actual Value | Visit 6 (Month 6) Change from Baseline | Visit 8 (Month 12) Actual Value | Visit 8 (Month 12) Change from Baseline | Final Visit - Actual Value | Final Visit - Change from Baseline | |
| Dalfampridine-ER 10 mg | 49.78 | 45.95 | -3.92 | 48.14 | -2.40 | 49.67 | -5.75 | 49.00 | -1.90 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 7.5 mg | 47.37 | 47.00 | -0.57 | 42.72 | -1.95 | 45.47 | -6.13 | 44.21 | -9.18 |
This extension study was designed to evaluate long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of dalfampridine-ER (extended release) in adult subjects with chronic post-ischemic stroke walking deficits. Subjects who had completed the placebo-controlled DALF-PS-1016 core study were eligible to enroll regardless of whether they had received active drug or placebo in the core study. (NCT02422940)
Timeframe: up to 12 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects with at Least One TEAE | Subjects with at Least One Serious TEAE | Subjects by Maximum Severity (Mild) | Subjects by Maximum Severity (Moderate) | Subjects by Maximum Severity (Severe) | Subjects with at least One TEAEA leading to Discon | Subjects who Died Due to a TEAE | |
| Dalfampridine-ER 10 mg | 99 | 8 | 45 | 43 | 11 | 7 | 0 |
| Dalfampridine-ER 7.5 mg | 102 | 14 | 45 | 43 | 14 | 12 | 1 |
Effect of dalfampridine on genioglossus muscle responsiveness to increased epiglottic pressure swings during sleep in healthy controls during NREM sleep. The variation of EMG GG is expressed here as % of maximal activation. (NCT02656160)
Timeframe: 1 night
| Intervention | %max/cmH2O (Median) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.23 |
| Dalfampridine | -0.36 |
The EMG GG was quantified in arbitrary units derived from signal processing of the raw signal and as a percentage of wakefulness (%wake) for between-nights comparison of baseline sleep EMG GG activity. EMG GG analysis was performed on a breath-by-breath basis to identify a maximum value and a minimum value during inspiration and expiration, respectively (EMG GG peak and tonic). The difference between peak and tonic values was used to estimate respiratory related phasic activity. Wakefulness EMG GG values were obtained from a minimum of 10 epochs (30 s each) with the subject lying in the lateral position. Criteria for breath selection during wakefulness were (1) stable breathing (constant epiglottic pressure swings) and (2) absence of movement artifacts (i.e., swallowing, speech, yawns). (NCT02656160)
Timeframe: 1 night
| Intervention | percentage of wakefulness value (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| Tonic genioglossus activity during sleep | Phasic genioglossus activity during sleep | |
| Dalfampridine | 136 | 163 |
| Placebo | 166 | 245 |
"Return of lost sensation after nerve injury attributable to circulating 4-AP. Subjective return of sensation in the injured limb or portion of the limb.~Patients for this trial are not able to sense in portions of their limbs. The measure will be sensation, measured on the binary scale of yes or no (able to feel the extremity versus unable to feel) This is assessed through clinical examination of the injured limb." (NCT04026568)
Timeframe: During dosing of drug intervention (5 hours) and 2, 6, 9, 12, 15, 20 weeks post injury
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Return of sensation prior to administration of study drug-baseline | Return of sensation 1 hour post study drug administration | Return of sensation 2 hours post study drug administration | Return of sensation 3 hours post study drug administration | Return of sensation 4 hours post study drug administration | Return of sensation 5 hours post study drug administration | Return of sensation 2 weeks post injury | Return of sensation 6 weeks post injury | Return of sensation 9 weeks post injury | Return of sensation 12 weeks post injury | Return of sensation 15 weeks post injury | Return of sensation 18 weeks post injury | Return of sensation 20 weeks post injury | |
| Placebo | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acetoacetic acid acetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo fatty acid; ketone body | metabolite |
| phosphoserine Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid; serine derivative | human metabolite |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. | 14.87 | 144 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule |
| 5-hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | hydroxytryptophan | human metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent |
| acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde | carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent |
| acetamide acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | acetamides; carboximidic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia | |
| acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H). | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent |
| adenine [no description available] | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 9-xylosyladenine 9-xylosyladenine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | purine nucleoside | |
| ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant |
| quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor |
| beta-alanine [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid | agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter |
| betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative | fundamental metabolite |
| bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic bromine | |
| 1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent |
| carbamates [no description available] | 3.9 | 12 | 0 | amino-acid anion | |
| carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound | biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent |
| aminooxyacetic acid Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; hydroxylamines; monocarboxylic acid | anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; nootropic agent |
| catechol [no description available] | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | catechols | allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite |
| methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC). | 2 | 1 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound | bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas |
| choline [no description available] | 9.33 | 20 | 0 | cholines | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | tricarboxylic acid | antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
| chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. | 5.95 | 104 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic chlorine | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride | mouse metabolite |
| coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative | 7.79 | 3 | 0 | coumarins | fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL). | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
| gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | trihydroxybenzoic acid | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety. | 3.33 | 6 | 0 | gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride | Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent |
| 3-hydroxybutyric acid 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics. | 2 | 1 | 0 | (omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid | human metabolite |
| bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | 4.33 | 1 | 1 | aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| taxifolin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroflavonols; pentahydroxyflavanone; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
| malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
| phosphonoacetic acid Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; phosphonic acids | antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid | human metabolite |
| aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid | antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite |
| lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.72 | 2 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite |
| diacetyl butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | alpha-diketone | Escherichia coli metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| dimethylamine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methylamines; secondary aliphatic amine | metabolite |
| dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents. | 3.79 | 11 | 0 | sulfoxide; volatile organic compound | alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger |
| ethanolamine [no description available] | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | ethanolamines; primary alcohol; primary amine | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy | 3.11 | 5 | 0 | aldehyde; one-carbon compound | allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| formamide formimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is formic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.. primary carboxamide : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | carboximidic acid; formamides; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | solvent |
| glycine [no description available] | 5.78 | 28 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid | EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical |
| hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | carbon oxoanion | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| histamine [no description available] | 4.43 | 22 | 0 | aralkylamino compound; imidazoles | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity | antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite |
| hydroquinone [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | benzenediol; hydroquinones | antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | hydroxylamines | algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent |
| imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | imidazole | |
| iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge.. | 7.02 | 1 | 0 | diatomic iodine | nutrient |
| dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative | human metabolite |
| pipecolic acid pipecolic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pipecolic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position C-2.. pipecolate : A piperidinecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of pipecolic acid. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | piperidinemonocarboxylic acid | |
| thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid | fundamental metabolite; geroprotector |
| malonic acid malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid | human metabolite |
| methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound | amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | cyclitol; hexol | |
| melatonin [no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | acetamides; tryptamines | anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger |
| n-acetylserotonin N-acetylserotonin : An N-acylserotonin resulting from the formal condensation of the primary amino group of serotonin with the carboxy group of acetic acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; N-acylserotonin; phenols | antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist |
| acetanilide acetanilide: a phenylacetamide; use ACETANILIDES for the plural group meaning of the singular term. N-phenylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; anilide | analgesic |
| naringenin [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 4'-hydroxyflavanones; trihydroxyflavanone | |
| nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28. | 4.81 | 32 | 0 | metal allergen; nickel group element atom | epitope; micronutrient |
| niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. | 3.68 | 10 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor |
| niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3 | antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidine bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position 2. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridine alkaloid; pyrrolidine alkaloid | |
| nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | |
| nitroxyl nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group. | 3.68 | 3 | 0 | nitrogen oxoacid | |
| nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | human metabolite |
| 1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | octanol; primary alcohol | antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite |
| 4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion | allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | 4-nitrophenols | human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| phenol [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | phenols | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | phosphocholines | allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | metabolite; protic solvent |
| pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines | antitubercular agent; prodrug |
| pyrazinoic acid pyrazinoic acid: active metabolite of pyrazinamide; structure. pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid : The parent compound of the class of pyrazinecarboxylic acids, that is pyrazine bearing a single carboxy substituent. The active metabolite of the antitubercular drug pyrazinamide. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyrazinecarboxylic acid | antitubercular agent; drug metabolite |
| pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines | environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate | coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms). | 6.97 | 1 | 0 | hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | pyridinedicarboxylic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist |
| thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion | human metabolite |
| spermine [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | polyazaalkane; tetramine | antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent |
| sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | sulfur oxide | Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant |
| taurine [no description available] | 3.93 | 13 | 0 | amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion | antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | primary alcohol; vitamin B1 | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| trimethylamine [no description available] | 8.11 | 5 | 0 | methylamines; tertiary amine | Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite |
| uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | uric acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors. | 10.34 | 55 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | NMDA receptor antagonist |
| sk&f 81297 [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzazepine | |
| 7-hydroxy-2-n,n-dipropylaminotetralin 7-hydroxy-2-N,N-dipropylaminotetralin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2 | 1 | 0 | tetralins | |
| 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | phenols; tertiary amino compound; tetralins | serotonergic antagonist |
| alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies. | 4.21 | 17 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
| alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist | 4.5 | 23 | 0 | ||
| 1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone 1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone: a CNS depressant; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ibotenic acid Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | neurotoxin |
| gallopamil Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring. | 3.76 | 11 | 0 | benzenes; organic amino compound | |
| n(8)-bromoacetyl-n(1)-3'-(4-indolyloxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl-1,8-diamino-4-menthane N(8)-bromoacetyl-N(1)-3'-(4-indolyloxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl-1,8-diamino-4-menthane: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sk&f-38393 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.. 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8.. SKF 38393 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-SKF 38393 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzazepine; catechols; secondary amino compound | |
| vanilmandelic acid Vanilmandelic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.. vanillylmandelic acid : An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; phenols | human metabolite |
| menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol | volatile oil component |
| (alpha-carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (alpha-carboxycyclopropyl)glycine: structure given in first source; glutamate receptor agonist | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | alpha-amino acid | |
| 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | catechin | |
| mandelic acid SAMMA: mandelic acid condensation polymer | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; benzenes | antibacterial agent; human xenobiotic metabolite |
| 1,10-diaminodecane [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | phenanthroline | EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor |
| 1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine 1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group. | 3.41 | 7 | 0 | oxopurine | adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor |
| 1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine 1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline 1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline: structure in first source. isoquinoline-1,5-diol : An isoquinolinol that is isoquinoline in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by hydroxy groups. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolinol | EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| pk 11195 PK-11195 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amide; isoquinolines; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes | antineoplastic agent |
| 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine | drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; serotonergic agonist; xenobiotic |
| 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole: an inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in mouse | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | imidazoles | |
| 1-aminobenzotriazole [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid | fluorescent probe |
| 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine | neurotoxin |
| 1-methylimidazole 1-methyl-1H-imidazole : A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | imidazoles | |
| edelfosine edelfosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. edelfosine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-edelfosine.. 1-octadecyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphocholine : A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine substituted at positions 1 and 2 by octadecyl and methyl groups respectively. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | glycerophosphocholine | |
| 17-octadecynoic acid octadec-17-ynoic acid : An acetylenic fatty acid that is octadecanoi acid (stearic acid) which has been doubly dehydrogenated at positions 17 and 18 to give the corresponding alkynoic acid. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | acetylenic fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; monounsaturated fatty acid; terminal acetylenic compound | EC 1.14.14.94 (leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.15.3 (alkane 1-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor |
| 1h-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one: structure given in first source; inhibits guanylyl cyclase. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one : A member of the class of oxadiazoloquinoxalines that is 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline substituted at position 1 by an oxo group. | 4.16 | 16 | 0 | oxadiazoloquinoxaline | EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor |
| 2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | bipyridine | chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor |
| 2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | dinitrophenol | allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor |
| 2-amino-4-picoline 2-amino-4-picoline: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 2-hydroxysaclofen 2-hydroxysaclofen: structure given in first source | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| 2-methyl-5-ht 2-methyl-5-HT: M-receptor agonist | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | tryptamines | serotonergic agonist |
| 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-n,n-diphenylcarbamate 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-N,N-diphenylcarbamate: inhibits phospholipase C and serine esterases; structure in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate: is a novel membrane-penetrable modulator and transient receptor potential channel blocker; structure in first source; do not confuse with 2-APB cpd. 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane : An organoboron compound that is diphenylborane in which the borane hydrogen is replaced by a 2-aminoethoxy group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organoboron compound; primary amino compound | calcium channel blocker; IP3 receptor antagonist; potassium channel opener |
| 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin : A member of the class of isocoumarins that is isocoumarin substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 4. It is a serine protease inhibitor. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | isocoumarins; organochlorine compound | geroprotector; serine protease inhibitor |
| phaclofen phaclofen: peripheral & central baclofen & GABA antagonist; structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organophosphate oxoanion; zwitterion | |
| 3-aminobenzamide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; substituted aniline | EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| tramiprosate tramiprosate: GABA receptor agonist and a glycosaminoglycan mimetic; has nootropic acitivity; structure; a sulfonate analog of GABA. 3-aminopropanesulfonic acid : An amino sulfonic acid that is the 3-amino derivative of propanesulfonic acid. | 2 | 1 | 0 | amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion | algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; GABA agonist; nootropic agent |
| 3-bromo-7-nitroindazole [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| enprofylline enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| 3-nitropropionic acid 3-nitropropionic acid: succinate dehydrogenase inactivator; biosynthesized by FABACEAE plants from ASPARAGINE. 3-nitropropanoic acid : A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound | antimycobacterial drug; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; mycotoxin; neurotoxin |
| ro 5-4864 4'-chlorodiazepam: selectively binds peripheral benzodiazepine receptor | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide: inhibits ADP-ribosylation; sometimes abreviated as 4-AN; | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzoisoquinoline; dicarboximide | |
| 4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium 4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium: muscarinic receptor antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; do not confuse abbreviation 4-DAMP with a similar cpd which does not contain dimethyl groups. 4-DAMP(1+) : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by formal methylation of the tertiary amino function of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine. | 2 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic antagonist |
| homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 4-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide 4-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide: metabolite of nifuroxazide. 4-hydroxybenzohydrazide : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with hydrazine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | carbohydrazide; phenols | |
| 4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile 4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile: structure given in first source. 4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile : A 1,2,5-oxadiazole substituted by an oxido, cyano and phenyl groups at positions 2, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1,2,5-oxadiazole; benzenes; N-oxide; nitrile | geroprotector; nitric oxide donor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; soluble guanylate cyclase activator; vasodilator agent |
| 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1-pyrroline nitrones | neuroprotective agent; spin trapping reagent |
| phenytoin [no description available] | 4.09 | 15 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent |
| 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid: potent antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated glycine binding site | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | quinolines | |
| 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid: A 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid containing 4 alkyne bonds. It inhibits the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins E(2) and F(2a). | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | long-chain fatty acid | |
| 5-(n,n-hexamethylene)amiloride 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride: inhibitor of Na+-H+ exchange; has anti-HIV-1 activity. 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the two amino hydrogens at position N-5 are replaced by a hexamethylene moiety, resulting in the formation of an azepane ring. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; azepanes; guanidines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyrazines | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; odorant receptor antagonist; sodium channel blocker |
| ethylisopropylamiloride ethylisopropylamiloride: structure in first source. ethylisopropylamiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the amino substitutent of the pyrazine ring that is adjacent to the chloro substituent has been substituted by an ethyl group and by an isopropyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; guanidines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyrazines; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; neuroprotective agent; sodium channel blocker |
| 5-fluoroindole-2-carboxylic acid 5-fluoroindole-2-carboxylic acid: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | indolyl carboxylic acid | |
| 5-hydroxydecanoate 5-hydroxydecanoic acid: Potassium Channel Blocker; RN refers to parent cpd | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty acid | |
| hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indole-3-acetic acids | drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phenanthridone phenanthridone: coal tar derivative; structure given in first source. phenanthridone : A member of the class of phenanthridines that is phenanthridine with an oxo substituent at position 6. A poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, it has been shown to exhibit immunosuppressive activity. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | lactam; phenanthridines | EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mutagen |
| 6-chloromelatonin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetamides | |
| 6-hydroxymelatonin 6-hydroxymelatonin : A member of the class of tryptamines that is melatonin with a hydroxy group substituent at position 6. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; tryptamines | metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 6-methoxytryptoline 6-methoxytryptoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 6-nitroso-1,2-benzopyrone [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 7-chlorokynurenic acid 7-chlorokynurenic acid: selective antagonist at the glycine modulatory site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex; structure given in first source. 7-chlorokynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinaldic acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and by a chlorine at position 7. It is a potent NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist which antagonizes the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of the NMDA receptor. It also prevents neurodegeneration produced by quinolinic acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid | neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist |
| etofylline etofylline: etophyllin appeared once in PubMed: Wien Med Wochenschr. 1986 May 15;136(9):213-8 as a combination drug with theophylline (spelt without e, theophllin) | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | |
| 7-nitroindazole 7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure | 3.01 | 4 | 0 | ||
| 8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline 8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline: adenosine antagonist | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine: prolongs epileptic seizures in rats | 3.26 | 6 | 0 | oxopurine | |
| 8-phenyltheophylline 8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | ||
| tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. | 4.46 | 23 | 0 | acridines; aromatic amine | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
| aa 861 2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone: structure given in first source. docebenone : A member of the class of benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens are substituted by three methyl groups and a 12-hydroxydodeca-5,10-diyn-1-yl group. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; acetylenic compound; primary alcohol | EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor |
| acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; phenols | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| acetarsol [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; anilide | |
| acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337) | 7.47 | 14 | 1 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| acetohexamide Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetophenones; N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue |
| acetyl-dl-leucine acetylleucine: used for treating vestibular-related imbalance and vertigo | 4.14 | 2 | 0 | leucine derivative; N-acetyl-amino acid | |
| ag 127 tyrphostin AG 126: inhibits development of postoperative ileus induced by surgical manipulation of murine colon | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | nitrophenol | |
| rtki cpd [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; quinazolines | antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist; geroprotector |
| tyrphostin a23 tyrphostin A23: inhibits EGF-stimulated thymidine incorporation as well as EGF-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation & tyrosine phosphorylation & cell proliferation; structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | catechols | |
| tyrphostin 25 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzenetriol | |
| tyrphostin a1 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes | geroprotector |
| 1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid 1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| alaproclate alaproclate: specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer | 4.87 | 2 | 1 | alpha-amino acid ester | |
| albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent |
| altretamine Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | triamino-1,3,5-triazine | |
| aluminum fluoride [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aluminium coordination entity | |
| am 251 AM 251: an analog of SR141716A; structure given in first source. AM-251 : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; organoiodine compound; pyrazoles | antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; CB1 receptor antagonist |
| amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source | 8.48 | 8 | 2 | adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine | analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic |
| amfonelic acid amfonelic acid: CNS-stimulant | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diamine; organic thiophosphate | antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent |
| aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline | adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor |
| theophylline [no description available] | 4.59 | 26 | 0 | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent |
| amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound | cardiovascular drug |
| amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina. | 7.47 | 2 | 0 | dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| amodiaquine Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; phenols; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
| amoxapine Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | dibenzooxazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| amsacrine Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| aniracetam [no description available] | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidin-2-ones | |
| anisindione anisindione: structure. anisindione : A cyclic beta-diketone consisting of indane-1,3-dione having a 4-methoxyphenyl substituent at the 4-position. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone; beta-diketone | anticoagulant; vitamin K antagonist |
| 9-anthroic acid 9-anthroic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; chloride channel blocker; do not confuse with c-ANCA (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) which is frequently abbreviated as ANCA. 9-anthroic acid : An anthroic acid carrying the carboxy substituent at position 9. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | anthroic acid | |
| 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: glutamate antagonist in locust muscle; structure; do not confuse with L-AP4, which is the propionic acid version | 3.4 | 7 | 0 | ||
| 6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | aporphine alkaloid | |
| apraclonidine apraclonidine: relieves postoperative intraocular pressure following trabeculoplasty; RN given refers to parent cpd. apraclonidine : An imidazoline that is 2-amino 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoline in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens has been replaced by a 4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; guanidines; imidazolines | alpha-adrenergic agonist; antiglaucoma drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; diagnostic agent; ophthalmology drug |
| arecoline Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine. | 5.55 | 5 | 1 | enoate ester; methyl ester; pyridine alkaloid; tetrahydropyridine | metabolite; muscarinic agonist |
| aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates | anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent |
| astemizole Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | benzimidazoles; piperidines | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist |
| atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic |
| alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate: a glutamate agonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid | |
| aurintricarboxylic acid Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.. aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid; quinomethanes; tricarboxylic acid | fluorochrome; histological dye; insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist |
| azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS. | 4.03 | 4 | 0 | aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| azelaic acid nonanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; plant metabolite |
| baclofen [no description available] | 8.61 | 45 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound | central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant |
| bay-k-8644 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6. | 4.67 | 28 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | |
| bemegride Bemegride: A CNS stimulant that is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals. It has also been used as a respiratory stimulant and in the treatment of barbiturate overdose. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperidones | |
| bendroflumethiazide Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| benzamide benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
| benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone | uricosuric drug |
| benzocaine Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; substituted aniline | allergen; antipruritic drug; sensitiser; topical anaesthetic |
| benzothiazide benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl. | 3.27 | 6 | 0 | pyrrolidines; tertiary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| berberine [no description available] | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker |
| 5-methoxypsoralen 5-Methoxypsoralen: A linear furanocoumarin that has phototoxic and anti-inflammatory properties, with effects similar to METHOXSALEN. It is used in PUVA THERAPY for the treatment of PSORIASIS.. 5-methoxypsoralen : A 5-methoxyfurocoumarin that is psoralen substituted by a methoxy group at position 5. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5-methoxyfurocoumarin; organic heterotricyclic compound; psoralens | hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| bethanidine Bethanidine: A guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission. The precise mode of action is not clear. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | guanidines | adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent |
| bethanechol Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention. | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | carbamate ester; quaternary ammonium ion | muscarinic agonist |
| bay h 4502 bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls; imidazoles | |
| biperiden Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antidote to sarin poisoning; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic |
| bisacodyl Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871) | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| bisindolylmaleimide i bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide | 3.31 | 6 | 0 | ||
| bml 190 indomethacin morpholinylamide: an inverse agonist of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-acylindole | |
| bretylium bretylium: RN given refers to parent cpd. bretylium : A quaternary ammonium cation having 2-bromobenzyl, ethyl and two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. | 7.38 | 2 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent |
| brimonidine [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | imidazoles; quinoxaline derivative; secondary amine | adrenergic agonist; alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent |
| bufexamac Bufexamac: A benzeneacetamide with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic action. It is administered topically, orally, or rectally.. bufexamac : A hydroxamic acid derived from phenylacetamide in which the benzene moiety is substituted at C-4 by a butoxy group. It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; hydroxamic acid | antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| bumetanide [no description available] | 8.74 | 10 | 0 | amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide | diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor |
| bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic. | 3.83 | 4 | 0 | aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound | |
| buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines | anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist |
| butacaine butacaine: was MH 1965-92; BUTAPROBENZ & BUTOCAIN were see BUTACAINE 1978-92; use 4-AMINOBENZOIC ACID to search BUTACAINE 1966-92 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | benzoate ester | |
| butamben butamben: structure. butamben : An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. Its local anaesthetic properties have been used for surface anaesthesia of the skin and mucous membranes, and for relief of pain and itching associated with some anorectal disorders. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | amino acid ester; benzoate ester; primary amino compound; substituted aniline | local anaesthetic |
| caffeine [no description available] | 7.16 | 46 | 0 | purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group. | 5.71 | 82 | 0 | aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound | |
| calmidazolium calmidazolium: powerful inhibitor of or red blood cell Ca++-ATPase & Ca++ transport into inside-out red blood cell vesicles; RN refers to chloride; structure in first source; an antagonist of calmodulin. calmidazolium : An imidazolium ion that is imidazolium cation substituted by a bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl group at position 1 and a 2-[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 3. It acts as an antagonist of calmodulin, a calcium binding messenger protein. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | imidazolium ion | apoptosis inducer; calmodulin antagonist |
| carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant. | 5.68 | 25 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; ureas | analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic |
| carbetapentane carbetapentane: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzenes | |
| carisoprodol Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | carbamate ester | muscle relaxant |
| carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| carvedilol [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
| carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile | antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore |
| cetirizine Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; piperazines | anti-allergic agent; environmental contaminant; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
| cetylpyridinium Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyridinium ion | |
| cgp 12177 CGP 12177 : A benzimidazole that is benzimidazol-2-one substituted at position 4 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic antagonist |
| cgp 37157 CGP 37157: benzothiazepine derivative of clonazepam; inhibits the in vitro activity of mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchange | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | benzothiazepine | |
| cgs 12066 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline : A pyrroloquinoxaline that is pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline bearing additional 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 4 and 7 respectively. A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (5-HT1B) full agonist, 10-fold selective over 5-HT1A and 1000-fold selective over 5-HT2C receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; pyrroloquinoxaline | serotonergic agonist |
| cgs 15943 9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)quinazolin-5-imine: non-xanthine triazoloquinazoline adenosine antagonist. CGS 15943 : A member of the class of triazoloquinazolines that is [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline substited at positions 2, 5 and 9 by furan-2-yl, amino and chloro groups respectively. A potent antagonist at adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A receptors. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; biaryl; furans; organochlorine compound; primary amino compound; quinazolines; triazoloquinazoline | adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; antineoplastic agent; central nervous system stimulant |
| chelerythrine chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae. | 3.53 | 8 | 0 | benzophenanthridine alkaloid; organic cation | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor |
| chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent |
| chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| chlormezanone Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazine; lactam; monochlorobenzenes; sulfone | antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; muscle relaxant |
| chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis. | 7.95 | 4 | 0 | aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug |
| chlorothiazide Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. | 8.08 | 5 | 0 | organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue |
| chlorthalidone Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide | |
| chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. | 4.09 | 4 | 0 | 1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound | muscle relaxant; sedative |
| cifenline [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| cilostamide cilostamide: selective inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase & platelet aggregation; structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
| cilostazol [no description available] | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | lactam; tetrazoles | anticoagulant; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; fibrin modulating drug; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile | adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor |
| cinoxacin Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | cinnolines; oxacycle; oxo carboxylic acid | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent |
| ciprofibrate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | antilipemic drug |
| ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| cirazoline cirazoline: posseses agonist properties at alpha-adrenoreceptor sites; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| cisapride Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | benzamides | |
| citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound | |
| clebopride clebopride: antidopaminergic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | piperidines | |
| clobenpropit clobenpropit: histamine H3 receptor antagonist. clobenpropit : An imidothiocarbamic ester that consists of isothiourea bearing S-3-(imidazol-4-yl)propyl and N-4-chlorobenzyl substituents. An extremely potent histamine H3 antagonist/inverse agonist (pA2 = 9.93). Also displays partial agonist activity at H4 receptors; induces eosinophil shape change with an EC50 of 3 nM. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles; imidothiocarbamic ester; organochlorine compound | H3-receptor antagonist; H4-receptor agonist |
| clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes | anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist |
| clofilium clofilium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 3.7 | 10 | 0 | benzenes; organic amino compound | |
| clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| clonazepam Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; monochlorobenzenes | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator |
| clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group. | 4.92 | 14 | 0 | clonidine; imidazoline | |
| 4-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide | |
| clotrimazole [no description available] | 3.13 | 5 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| cocaine [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cx546 1-(1,4-benzodioxan-6-ylcarbonyl)piperidine: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cycloleucine Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups. | 3.69 | 10 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | EC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| cyclothiazide cyclothiazide: inhibits the desensitization of AMPA-type receptors; structure. cyclothiazide : 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted at positions 3, 5 and 6 by a 2-norbornen-5-yl group, chlorine, and a sulfonamide group, respectively. A thiazide diuretic, it has been used in the management of hypertension and oedema. | 3.28 | 6 | 0 | benzothiadiazine | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| cypermethrin cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45. | 2 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound | agrochemical; molluscicide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide |
| cyproheptadine Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia. | 3.78 | 3 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; gastrointestinal drug; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| cystamine [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | organic disulfide; primary amino compound | EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor |
| dantrolene Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia. | 9.79 | 10 | 0 | hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione | muscle relaxant; neuroprotective agent; ryanodine receptor antagonist |
| dapsone [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | substituted aniline; sulfone | anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug |
| decamethonium decamethonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. decamethonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is a depolarising muscle relaxant whose structure comprises a decane-1,10-diamine core in which each amino group carries three methyl substituents. | 3.49 | 2 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | muscle relaxant; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist |
| deferiprone Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 4-pyridones | iron chelator; protective agent |
| deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acyclic desferrioxamine | bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore |
| dephostatin dephostatin: from Streptomyces sp. MJ742-NF5; structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dequalinium Dequalinium: A topical bacteriostat that is available as various salts. It is used in wound dressings and mouth infections and may also have antifungal action, but may cause skin ulceration.. dequalinium : A quinolinium ion comprising decane in which one methyl hydrogen at each end of the molecule has been replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylquinolin-1-yl group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | quinolinium ion | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiseptic drug; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor |
| desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group. | 8.09 | 5 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| nonivamide nonivamide: has effect on sensory neurons. nonivamide : A capsaicinoid that is the carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamine with the carboxy group of nonanoic acid. It is the active ingredient in many pepper sprays. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | capsaicinoid; phenols | lachrymator |
| amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | primary amine | |
| r 59022 R 59022: diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor; structure given in first source; platelet activator factor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5. | 5.05 | 10 | 1 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic |
| diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies. | 3.79 | 11 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent |
| dibucaine Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound | topical anaesthetic |
| diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position. | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| dichlorophen Dichlorophen: Nontoxic laxative vermicide effective for taenia infestation. It tends to produce colic and nausea. It is also used as a veterinary fungicide, anthelmintic, and antiprotozoan. (From Merck, 11th ed.) | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | bridged diphenyl fungicide; diarylmethane | |
| dicyclomine Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | carboxylic ester; tertiary amine | antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic |
| diethylcarbamazine Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | N-carbamoylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine | |
| pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | pentacarboxylic acid | copper chelator |
| diphenidol diphenidol: shows anti-arrhythmic activity; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. diphenidol : A tertiary alcohol that is butan-1-ol substituted by two phenyl groups at position 1 and a piperidin-1-yl group at position 4. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol | antiemetic |
| diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound | non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| dilazep Dilazep: Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic activity.. dilazep : A member of the class of diazepanes that is 1,4-diazepane substituted by 3-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy]propyl groups at positions 1 and 4. It is a potent adenosine uptake inhibitor that exhibits antiplatelet, antianginal and vasodilator properties. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | benzoate ester; diazepane; diester; methoxybenzenes | cardioprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| dilacor xr 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate : A lactam that is 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one in which positions 2 and 3 are substituted by 4-methoxyphenyl and acetoxy, respectively, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; aromatic ether; benzothiazepine; lactam; tertiary amino compound | |
| diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ether; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative |
| diphenyleneiodonium diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic cation | |
| dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots. | 3.39 | 7 | 0 | piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol | adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| disopyramide Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug. | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| distigmine distigmine : A carbamate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of hexane-1,6-diylbis(methylcarbamic acid) with the hydroxy group of 3-hydroxy-1-methylpyridinium. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; pyridinium ion | EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; muscarinic agonist |
| disulfiram [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor |
| valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem. | 5.13 | 14 | 0 | branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid | anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent |
| 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid: (D)-isomer active as an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate excitation of central neurons; (L)-isomer inactive; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | ||
| racemetirosine alpha-Methyltyrosine: An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed) | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thiorphan Thiorphan: A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone 2,3-dimethoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione : A naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 3. Redox-cycling agent that induces intracellular superoxide anion formation and, depending on the concentration, induces cell proliferation, apoptosis or necrosis. Used to study the role of ROS in cell toxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-naphthoquinones | |
| domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations. | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist |
| donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent |
| doxapram Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering. | 3.67 | 10 | 0 | morpholines; pyrrolidin-2-ones | central nervous system stimulant |
| doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent |
| doxepin Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | dibenzooxepine; tertiary amino compound | antidepressant |
| droperidol Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. | 8.37 | 7 | 0 | aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound | anaesthesia adjuvant; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic |
| dipropizine [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | piperazines | |
| dsp 4 DSP 4: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dyphylline Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine; propane-1,2-diols | bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent |
| e 4031 E 4031: class III anti-arrhythmia agent; structure given in UD | 4.15 | 16 | 0 | sulfonamide | |
| ebastine [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| ebselen ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | benzoselenazole | anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger |
| edrophonium Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals. | 9.5 | 4 | 0 | phenols; quaternary ammonium ion | antidote; diagnostic agent; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor |
| ellipticine ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; polycyclic heteroarene | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | trihydroxyanthraquinone | antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| enflurane Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | anaesthetic |
| epirizole Epirizole: 4-Methoxy-2-(5-methoxy-3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine. A pyrimidinyl pyrazole with antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | ||
| etazolate Etazolate: A potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor proposed as an antipsychotic agent.. etazolate : A pyrazolopyridine that is 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 5 by ethyl, 2-isopropylidenehydrazino, and ethoxycarbonyl groups, respectively. A phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor with antidepressant and anxiolytic properties. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; hydrazone; pyrazolopyridine | alpha-secretase activator; antidepressant; antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor |
| ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid | EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic |
| myambutol [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | amino alcohol | |
| ethosuximide Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone | anticonvulsant; geroprotector; T-type calcium channel blocker |
| ethoxzolamide Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzothiazoles; sulfonamide | antiglaucoma drug; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| ethylenediamine ethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; edamine is the recommended contraction for the ethylenediamine radical. ethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | alkane-alpha,omega-diamine | GABA agonist |
| etodolac Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether; hydrazone; nitrile; organofluorine compound | ATP synthase inhibitor; geroprotector; ionophore |
| felbamate Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy. | 3.28 | 6 | 0 | carbamate ester | anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent |
| 4-biphenylylacetic acid biphenyl-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is substituted by a biphenyl-4-yl group. An active metabolite of fenbufen, it is used as a topical medicine to treat muscle inflammation and arthritis. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls; monocarboxylic acid | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris. | 7.93 | 4 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| fenbufen fenbufen: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; biphenyls | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| fenfluramine Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; secondary amino compound | appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes | antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
| fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. | 7.66 | 3 | 0 | anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines | adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| fexofenadine fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist |
| flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart). | 5.24 | 16 | 0 | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| flucytosine Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine antifungal drug; pyrimidone | prodrug |
| flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders. | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| fluphenazine [no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines | anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose. | 3.41 | 7 | 0 | ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound | antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist |
| flumequine flumequine: structure. flumequine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-flumequine. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, formerly used in veterinary medicine for stock breeding and treatment of aquacultures.. 9-fluoro-5-methyl-1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-2-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyridoquinolines that is 1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline carrying additional carboxy, methyl and fluoro substituents at positions 2, 5 and 9 respectively. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; pyridoquinoline; quinolone antibiotic | |
| flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes | anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative |
| fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group. | 10.73 | 7 | 1 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound | |
| flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| fluspirilene Fluspirilene: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia. | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide | androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent |
| formoterol fumarate N-[2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenyl]formamide : A phenylethanoloamine having 4-hydroxy and 3-formamido substituents on the phenyl ring and an N-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl substituent. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | formamides; phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | |
| fpl 64176 FPL 64176: an activator of L-type calcium channels; structure given in first source. FPL 64176 : 1H-Pyrrole substituted at C-2 and -5 by methyl groups, at C-3 by methoxycarbonyl and at C-4 by a 2-benzylbenzoyl group. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | carboxylic ester; pyrroles | calcium channel agonist |
| furafylline [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | |
| furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure. | 8.61 | 9 | 0 | chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide | environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic |
| fusaric acid Fusaric Acid: A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines | |
| gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome. | 6.69 | 11 | 0 | gamma-amino acid | anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| gaboxadol gaboxadol: GABA agonist; inhibitor of GABA uptake systems; structure | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | oxazole | |
| 4-amino-5-hexynoic acid 4-amino-5-hexynoic acid: structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gemfibrozil [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | antilipemic drug |
| gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue |
| glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group. | 8.64 | 150 | 1 | monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea | anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent |
| granisetron [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; indazoles | |
| fluorometholone [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | azocanes; guanidines | adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent |
| guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines. | 6 | 15 | 0 | carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound | |
| gyki 52466 GYKI 52466: an AMPA (non-NMDA) receptor antagonist; structure given in first source | 3.72 | 10 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group. | 4.09 | 15 | 0 | isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine | EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor |
| 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)piperazine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent |
| haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. | 3.6 | 9 | 0 | aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| halothane [no description available] | 8.09 | 5 | 0 | haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| harmaline Harmaline: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.. harmaline : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | harmala alkaloid | oneirogen |
| hemicholinium 3 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | morpholines | |
| hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene | acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug |
| 4-fluorohexahydrosiladifenidol [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hexamethonium Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool. | 3.35 | 7 | 0 | quaternary ammonium salt | |
| alpha-methylhistamine alpha-methylhistamine: a histamine H3 receptor agonist; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. alpha-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the alpha-position. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aralkylamino compound; imidazoles | animal metabolite; H3-receptor agonist |
| hexamethylene bisacetamide N,N'-diacetyl-1,6-diaminohexane: chemical name obtained from Acta Biol Hung 1990;41(1-3):199-208 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | acetamides | |
| ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | phenanthridines | fluorochrome; intercalator |
| hycanthone Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | thioxanthenes | mutagen; schistosomicide drug |
| hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| hydroflumethiazide Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; thiazide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| velnacrine velnacrine: RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/88; structure in first source; potential Alzheimer's disease drug but trial halted due to abnormal liver tests | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | acridines | |
| hydroxyurea [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; ureas | antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent |
| hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine | anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist |
| mk 473 MK 473: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ibudilast [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolopyridine | |
| ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic |
| ic 261 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indoles | |
| lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline. | 6.28 | 35 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic |
| ici 118551 [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | indanes | |
| idebenone [no description available] | 2.54 | 2 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; primary alcohol | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor |
| ifenprodil ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | piperidines | |
| imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
| amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | bipyridines | EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor |
| indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| indirubin-3'-monoxime indirubin-3'-monoxime: has antiangiogenic activity. indirubin-3'-monoxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis. | 4.81 | 32 | 0 | aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole | analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic |
| indoprofen Indoprofen: A drug that has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Following reports of adverse reactions including reports of carcinogenicity in animal studies it was withdrawn from the market worldwide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p21). indoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(1-oxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)phenyl group. Initially used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic, it was withdrawn from the market due to causing severe gastrointestinal bleeding. It has been subsequently found to increase production of the survival motor neuron protein. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | gamma-lactam; isoindoles; monocarboxylic acid | EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| iodoacetamide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ipriflavone ipriflavone : A member of the class of isoflavones that is isoflavone in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by an isopropoxy group. A synthetic isoflavone, it was formerly used for the treatment of osteoporosis, although a randomised controlled study failed to show any benefit. It is still used to prevent osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; isoflavones | bone density conservation agent |
| avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively. | 4.23 | 18 | 0 | 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine | |
| isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects. | 4.04 | 14 | 0 | organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC). | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | carbohydrazide | antitubercular agent; drug allergen |
| 4-piperidinecarboxylic acid 4-piperidinecarboxylic acid: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders. | 4.93 | 37 | 0 | catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester | |
| itraconazole [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | piperazines | |
| 4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline WHI P131: a quinazoline derivative, inhibitor of glioblastoma cell adhesion and migration | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| jl 18 JL 18: a pyridobenzodiazepine derivative bioisoster of clozapine | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nsc 664704 kenpaullone: inhibits CDK1/cyclin B; structure in first source. kenpaullone : An indolobenzazepine that is paullone in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by a bromo substituent. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indolobenzazepine; lactam; organobromine compound | cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
| ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group. | 6.94 | 23 | 1 | cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist |
| ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine | |
| ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle | anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
| kinetin Kinetin: A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects.. cytokinin : A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.. kinetin : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine carrying a (furan-2-ylmethyl) substituent at the exocyclic amino group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; furans | cytokinin; geroprotector |
| kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4. | 3.82 | 11 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid | G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid: metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist; do not confuse AP-3 used as an abbreviation for this with enhancer-binding protein AP-3 (a trans-activator) or clathrin assembly protein AP-3. 2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid : A non-proteinogenc alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; phosphonic acids | human metabolite; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist |
| pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: a glutamate uptake inhibitor | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| lamotrigine [no description available] | 10.02 | 15 | 0 | 1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine | anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic |
| lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor |
| beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzochromenone; orthoquinones | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| lavendustin a lavendustin A: from Streptomyces griseolavendus; structure given in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide | antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| qx-314 QX-314: triethyl analog of lidocaine; RN & NM refer to ion | 3.4 | 7 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide | local anaesthetic |
| lidoflazine Lidoflazine: Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic action. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| linopirdine linopirdine: acetylcholine releasing drug | 3.71 | 10 | 0 | indoles | |
| lomefloxacin lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; photosensitizing agent |
| loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist |
| loratadine Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | benzocycloheptapyridine; ethyl ester; N-acylpiperidine; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide | anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist |
| losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles | angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist |
| loxapine Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | dibenzooxazepine | antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist |
| loxoprofen loxoprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source. loxoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-[(2-oxocyclopentyl)methyl]phenyl group. A prodrug that is rapidly converted into its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | cyclopentanones; monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
| ly 171883 LY 171883: structure in first source; leukotriene receptor antagonist. tomelukast : A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group, a propyl group at position 3 and a 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy group at position 4. A leukotriene antagonist, it exhibits anti-asthmatic activity. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | acetophenones; aromatic ether; phenols; tetrazoles | anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist |
| 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound | autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
| 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione: structure given in first source; SRS-A & guanylate cyclase antagonist. 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione : A quinolone that is quinoline-5,8-dione in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by an anilino group. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | aminoquinoline; aromatic amine; p-quinones; quinolone | antineoplastic agent; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor |
| edaravone [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolone | antioxidant; radical scavenger |
| mecamylamine Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | primary aliphatic amine | |
| meclofenamate sodium anhydrous [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound | analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| mefloquine hydrochloride [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol : An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinolines; secondary alcohol | |
| memantine [no description available] | 3.84 | 3 | 0 | adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine | antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist |
| vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical |
| meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain. | 7.89 | 4 | 0 | ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound | antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| mepivacaine Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | piperidinecarboxamide | drug allergen; local anaesthetic |
| benzoic acid [2-methyl-2-(propylamino)propyl] ester [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester | |
| mesoridazine Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | phenothiazines; sulfoxide; tertiary amino compound | dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic |
| metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1. | 7.42 | 2 | 0 | guanidines | environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic |
| methacrylic acid methacrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacrylic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid | |
| methazolamide Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | |
| methiothepin Methiothepin: A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic.. methiothepin : A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; dibenzothiepine; N-alkylpiperazine; tertiary amino compound | antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist |
| methocarbamol Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; carbamate ester; secondary alcohol | |
| methoctramine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; tetramine | muscarinic antagonist |
| methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis. | 2 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; psoralens | antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| nocodazole [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes | antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator |
| 3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid | |
| metolazone Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound; quinazolines; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic; ion transport inhibitor |
| metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
| metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol | antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. | 7.17 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor |
| mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; primary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist |
| miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles | |
| midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively. | 4.34 | 4 | 1 | imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative |
| milrinone [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | bipyridines; nitrile; pyridone | cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| minaprine minaprine: Agr 1240 refers to di-HCl; short-acting type A MAO inhibitor (MAOI) of mild potency; structure | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | morpholines; pyridazines; secondary amine | antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; cholinergic drug; dopamine uptake inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6. | 3.26 | 6 | 0 | dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound | |
| mitotane Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | analgesic; antineoplastic agent |
| ml 7 ML-7 : An N-sulfonyldiazepane resullting from the formal condensation of 5-iodo-1-naphthylsulfonic acid with one of the nitrogens of 1,4-diazepane. It is a selective inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-sulfonyldiazepane; organoiodine compound | EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor |
| moclobemide Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines | antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| modafinil Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group. | 4.45 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfoxide | |
| molsidomine Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure. | 3.6 | 9 | 0 | ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion | antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| muscimol Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita. | 3.41 | 7 | 0 | alkaloid; isoxazoles; primary amino compound | fungal metabolite; GABA agonist; oneirogen; psychotropic drug |
| n-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide: calmodulin antagonist; structure given in first source. N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide : A sulfonamide that is 5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide in which one of the hydrogens of the nitrogen atom is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes; organochlorine compound; primary amino compound; sulfonamide | |
| acecainide Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | acetamides; benzamides | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| n-bromoacetamide [no description available] | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
| ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies. | 3.5 | 8 | 0 | maleimides | anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor |
| fg 7142 FG 7142: benzodiazepine receptor agonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | beta-carbolines | |
| n-methyl-dl-aspartic acid [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | aspartic acid derivative | |
| fenamic acid fenamic acid: has chloride and potassium channel-blocking activity; RN given refers to parent cpd. fenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is the N-phenyl derivative of anthranilic acid. It acts as a parent skeleton for the synthesis of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound | membrane transport modulator |
| apnea Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | purine nucleoside | |
| n 0840 N(6)-cyclopentyl-9-methyladenine: selective, orally active A(1) adenosine receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nabumetone Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | methoxynaphthalene; methyl ketone | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
| nafronyl Nafronyl: A drug used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is claimed to enhance cellular oxidative capacity and to be a spasmolytic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1310) It may also be an antagonist at 5HT-2 serotonin receptors. | 4.45 | 1 | 1 | naphthalenes | |
| nalidixic acid [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. | 5.63 | 25 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
| nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine | antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively. | 3.38 | 7 | 0 | benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound | |
| niclosamide Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; salicylanilides; secondary carboxamide | anthelminthic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; molluscicide; piscicide; STAT3 inhibitor |
| nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. | 5.91 | 99 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent |
| nifekalant [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | amine | |
| niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. | 3.52 | 8 | 0 | aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines | |
| nilutamide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; imidazolidinone | androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent |
| nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm. | 3.73 | 10 | 0 | 2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
| nipecotic acid nipecotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. nipecotic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is piperidine in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid | |
| nisoldipine Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | |
| nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension. | 3.71 | 10 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent |
| nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | nitroglycerol | explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| masoprocol nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | catechols; lignan; tetrol | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; plant metabolite |
| norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| cm 7116 norflutoprazepam: structure | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| norfluoxetine norfluoxetine: metabolite of fluoxetine; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes | |
| nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite |
| 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid: structure given in first source; chloride channel antagonist | 3.4 | 7 | 0 | nitrobenzoic acid | |
| ns 2028 NS 2028: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ns 1619 NS 1619: structure given in first source. NS 1619 : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced are replaced by 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. It is an opener/activator of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (Bkca). | 3.28 | 6 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzimidazoles; phenols | potassium channel opener |
| n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide: structure given in first source. NS-398 : A C-nitro compound that is N-methylsulfonyl-4-nitroaniline bearing an additional cyclohexyloxy substituent at position 2. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide | antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor |
| o(6)-benzylguanine O(6)-benzylguanine: a suicide inhibitor of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| octopamine Octopamine: An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.. octopamine : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | phenylethanolamines; tyramines | neurotransmitter |
| ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline | |
| olomoucine olomoucine: inhibits protein P34CDC2. olomoucine : A 9H-purine that is substituted by a (2-hydroxyethyl)nitrilo, benzylnitrilo and a methyl group at positions 2,6 and 9, respectively. It is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 2,6-diaminopurines; ethanolamines | EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor |
| omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | |
| ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | carbazoles | |
| orphenadrine Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ether; tertiary amino compound | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic |
| oxaprozin Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-oxazoles; monocarboxylic acid | analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| oxatomide oxatomide: structure; an anti-allergic & an anti-asthmatic. oxatomide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one substituted by a 3-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at position 1. It is an anti-allergic drug. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| oxethazaine [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide | |
| oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease). | 3.39 | 7 | 0 | benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound | drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin |
| oxiracetam oxiracetam: structure in first source | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| oxolinic acid quinolone antibiotic : An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic carboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; enzyme inhibitor |
| oxotremorine m oxotremorine M: structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | muscarinic agonist |
| oxotremorine Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool. | 3.69 | 10 | 0 | N-alkylpyrrolidine | |
| benoxinate benoxinate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. oxybuprocaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-amino-3-butoxybenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; an ester-based local anaesthetic (ester "caine") used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | amino acid ester; benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | drug allergen; local anaesthetic; topical anaesthetic |
| aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; phenols | antitubercular agent |
| quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included). | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones | cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| fenclonine Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | phenylalanine derivative | |
| palmidrol palmidrol: a cannabinoid receptor-inactive eCB-related molecule used as prophylactic in helping to prevent respiratory viral infection. palmitoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | endocannabinoid; N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine; N-(saturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine | anti-inflammatory drug; anticonvulsant; antihypertensive agent; neuroprotective agent |
| papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines | antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent |
| 4-chlorophenol 4-chlorophenol: used as a root canal irrigant. 4-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | monochlorophenol | |
| 1,7-dimethylxanthine 1,7-dimethylxanthine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 7. It is a metabolite of caffeine and theobromine in animals. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dimethylxanthine | central nervous system stimulant; human blood serum metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone | EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
| pemoline Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity. | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-oxazoles | central nervous system stimulant |
| pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether | anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic |
| pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 3.92 | 13 | 0 | barbiturates | GABAA receptor agonist |
| pentoxifylline [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | oxopurine | |
| perhexiline Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | piperidines | cardiovascular drug |
| perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| phenazine [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; heteranthrene; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; phenazines; polycyclic heteroarene | |
| phenindione Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234) | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; beta-diketone | anticoagulant |
| pheniramine Pheniramine: One of the HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS with little sedative action. It is used in treatment of hay fever, rhinitis, allergic dermatoses, and pruritus. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | pyridines; tertiary amino compound | |
| phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups. | 3.51 | 8 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative |
| phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | phenols | |
| phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| 4-phenylbutyric acid 4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug |
| oxophenylarsine oxophenylarsine: inhibits protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. phenylarsine oxide : An arsine oxide derived from phenylarsine. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | arsine oxides | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor |
| phenyl biguanide phenyl biguanide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenyl biguanide : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a phenyl group. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | guanidines | central nervous system drug |
| phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | pyrazolidines | antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug |
| phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | acyl fluoride | serine proteinase inhibitor |
| phloretin [no description available] | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | dihydrochalcones | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| moxonidine moxonidine: structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | organohalogen compound; pyrimidines | |
| picotamide picotamide: has anticoagulant & fibrinolytic properties; structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
| pilsicainide pilsicainide: structure given in first source. pilsicainide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline with the carboxy group of (tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-7a(5H)-yl)acetic acid. It is a sodium channel blocker which is used as an antiarrhythmic drug for the management of atrial tachyarrhythmias in Japan. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary carboxamide | anti-arrhythmia drug; sodium channel blocker |
| pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed) | 4.4 | 21 | 0 | pyridines | |
| pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indoles; secondary amine | antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent |
| pipemidic acid Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; pyridopyrimidine; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| piperidine-4-sulfonic acid piperidine-4-sulfonic acid: specific GABA agonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent. | 9.24 | 13 | 2 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| pirenperone [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| pirenzepine Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | pyridobenzodiazepine | anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist |
| potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. | 5.78 | 87 | 0 | inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt | fertilizer |
| 4-aminobenzoic acid para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoate; aromatic amino-acid anion | Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| ag 1879 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-amine: Fyn kinase inhibitor | 2 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazolopyrimidine | beta-adrenergic antagonist; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
| pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid: a novel antagonist that selectively blocks P2 purinoceptor receptors; a useful tool to study co-transmission in tissues when ATP and coexisting neurotransmitters act in concert. 5'-phosphopyridoxal-6-azobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate carrying an additional 2,4-disulfophenylazo substituent at position 6. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | arenesulfonic acid; azobenzenes; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; organic phosphate; pyridinecarbaldehyde | purinergic receptor P2X antagonist |
| practolol Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | acetamides; ethanolamines; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
| pramoxine pramoxine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pramocaine : A member of the class of morpholines that is morpholine substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 3-(4-butoxyphenoxy)propyl group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; morpholines | local anaesthetic |
| praziquantel azinox: Russian drug | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. | 4.06 | 15 | 0 | aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
| prilocaine Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide; monocarboxylic acid amide | anticonvulsant; local anaesthetic |
| primidone Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidone | anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; sulfonamide | uricosuric drug |
| probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | dithioketal; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug |
| procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. | 5.38 | 4 | 1 | benzamides | anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker |
| procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol. | 9.23 | 18 | 0 | benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug |
| prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic |
| proglumide Proglumide: A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.. proglumide : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs.. N(2)-benzoyl-N,N-dipropyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-benzoylglutamic acid with dippropylamine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; glutamine derivative; racemate | anti-ulcer drug; cholecystokinin antagonist; cholinergic antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; drug metabolite; gastrointestinal drug; opioid analgesic; xenobiotic metabolite |
| promazine Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | phenothiazines; tertiary amine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist |
| promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative |
| propafenone Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| proxymetacaine proxymetacaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester | |
| propentofylline [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | |
| propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion | fluorochrome; intercalator |
| propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group. | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | phenols | anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative |
| propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3. | 4.06 | 15 | 0 | naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| protriptyline Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | carbotricyclic compound | antidepressant |
| proxyphylline [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | |
| pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative | H1-receptor antagonist |
| pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes | antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor |
| quetiapine [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | dibenzothiazepine; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine | adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| quipazine Quipazine: A pharmacologic congener of serotonin that contracts smooth muscle and has actions similar to those of tricyclic antidepressants. It has been proposed as an oxytocic. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | piperazines; pyridines | |
| qx-222 QX-222: amphipathic amine; RN given refers to ion; structure | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide | |
| pf 5901 alpha-pentyl-3-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)benzenemethanol: structure given in first source; platelet activating factor antagonist | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | quinolines | |
| riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS. | 3.81 | 11 | 0 | benzothiazoles | |
| risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | 1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| ritanserin Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | organofluorine compound; piperidines; thiazolopyrimidine | antidepressant; antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist |
| ro 15-4513 Ro 15-4513: a partial inverse agonist of benzodiazepine receptors | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
| ro 31-8220 Ro 31-8220: a protein kinase C inhibitor | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | imidothiocarbamic ester; indoles; maleimides | EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor |
| 4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone 4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | methoxybenzenes | |
| rolipram [no description available] | 3.26 | 6 | 0 | pyrrolidin-2-ones | antidepressant; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor |
| ronidazole Ronidazole: Antiprotozoal and antimicrobial agent used mainly in veterinary practice.. ronidazole : A carbamate ester that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by methyl and (carbamoyloxy)methyl groups, respectively. An antiprotozoal agent, it is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of histomoniasis and swine dysentery. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; carbamate ester; imidazoles | antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug |
| 3,4,4a,10b-tetrahydro-4-propyl-2h,5h-(1)benzopyrano(4,3-b)-1,4-oxazin-9-ol 3,4,4a,10b-tetrahydro-4-propyl-2H,5H-(1)benzopyrano(4,3-b)-1,4-oxazin-9-ol: RN given refers to (+/-)-isomer; RN, RRs & structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| salicylamide salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | phenols; salicylamides | antirheumatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic |
| salmeterol xinafoate salmeterol : A racemate consisting of equal parts of (R)- and (S)-salmeterol. It is a potent and selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (EC50 = 5.3 nM). Unlike other beta2 agonists, it binds to the exo-site domain of beta2 receptors, producing a slow onset of action and prolonged activation.. 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A phenol having a hydroxymethyl group at C-2 and a 1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl group at C-4; derivative of phenylethanolamine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ether; phenols; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | |
| sb 202190 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole: structure given in first source; inhibits p38 MAP kinase | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles; organofluorine compound; phenols; pyridines | apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor |
| secobarbital Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | anaesthesia adjuvant; GABA modulator; sedative |
| carbamylhydrazine carbamylhydrazine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | carbohydrazide; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound; ureas | |
| sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups. | 4.51 | 5 | 1 | ether; organofluorine compound | central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| linsidomine linsidomine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 3.6 | 9 | 0 | morpholines | |
| sobuzoxane sobuzoxane: used in treatment of leukemia L1210 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| sodium fluoride [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | fluoride salt | mutagen |
| fluoroacetic acid fluoroacetic acid: N1 same as NM; RN given refers to parent cpd. fluoroacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by fluorine. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | haloacetic acid; organofluorine compound | EC 4.2.1.3 (aconitate hydratase) inhibitor |
| sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide | anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| spiperone Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ketone; azaspiro compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist |
| aldactazide [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | steroid lactone | |
| spiroxatrine spiroxatrine: structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidines | |
| sq 22536 9-(tetrahydrofuryl)adenine : A nucleoside analogue that is adenine in which the nitrogen at position 9 has been substituted by a tetrahydrofuran-2-yl group. It is an adenylate cyclase inhibitor. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; oxolanes | EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor |
| stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| streptonigrin [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyridines; quinolone | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent |
| succinylcholine Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid. | 4.17 | 5 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion; succinate ester | drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent |
| sulfabenzamide sulfabenzamide : A sulfonamide containing a benzamido substituent on nitrogen. An antibacterial/antimicrobial, it is often used in conjunction with sulfathiazole and sulfacetamide as a topical, intravaginal antibacterial preparation. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial drug |
| sulfacetamide Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | N-sulfonylcarboxamide; substituted aniline | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor |
| sulfadimethoxine Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| sulfamerazine [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; drug allergen |
| sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic |
| sulfamethizole Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor |
| sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| sulfamethoxypyridazine Sulfamethoxypyridazine: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfamethoxypyridazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridazine having a methoxy substituent at the 6-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyridazines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor |
| sulfaphenazole Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | primary amino compound; pyrazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor |
| sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide | antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist |
| suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years. | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug |
| t0156 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | naphthyridine derivative | |
| gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| 1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy))benzene 1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy))benzene: potent phenobarbital-like inducer of microsomal monooxygenase activity; structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tegafur [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organohalogen compound; pyrimidines | |
| terazosin Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | furans; piperazines; primary amino compound; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent |
| terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | phenylethanolamines; resorcinols | anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent |
| terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound | local anaesthetic |
| tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90) | 13.45 | 751 | 1 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
| tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide: N,N',N'',N'''-Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide. A specific inhibitor of pseudocholinesterases. It is commonly used experimentally to determine whether pseudo- or acetylcholinesterases are involved in an enzymatic process. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | phosphoramide | |
| 3-hydroxyaspartic acid 3-hydroxyaspartic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxyaspartic acid : A hydroxy-amino acid that is aspartic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | amino dicarboxylic acid; aspartic acid derivative; C4-dicarboxylic acid; hydroxy-amino acid | |
| thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | phthalimides; piperidones | |
| theobromine Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; bronchodilator agent; food component; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles | antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug |
| thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | phenothiazines; piperidines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| tinidazole Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles | antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug |
| 8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | trihydroxybenzoic acid | |
| tolazamide Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; potassium channel blocker |
| tolazoline Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group. | 7.38 | 2 | 0 | imidazoles | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent |
| tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position. | 4.41 | 21 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea | human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker |
| tolnaftate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | monothiocarbamic ester | antifungal drug |
| (1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid (1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid: a GABA-C receptor antagonist; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ici 136,753 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolopyridine | |
| trapidil Trapidil: A coronary vasodilator agent. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | triazolopyrimidines | |
| trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine | adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| trequinsin trequinsin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | pyridopyrimidine | |
| triamterene Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | pteridines | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
| trichlormethiazide Trichlormethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830). trichlormethiazide : A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide antibiotic | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| trifluoperazine [no description available] | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines | antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes | antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| troglitazone Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity. | 7.02 | 1 | 0 | chromanes; thiazolidinone | anticoagulant; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| tropicamide Tropicamide: One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetamides | |
| tyramine [no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines | EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| tyrphostin a9 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | geroprotector |
| 5-methylurapidil [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| urethane [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester | fungal metabolite; mutagen |
| vesamicol vesamicol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | piperidines | |
| vesnarinone [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| vigabatrin [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | gamma-amino acid | anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor |
| w 7 W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| wb 4101 N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine bearing a [(2',6'-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethylamino]methyl group at position 2. An alpha1A-adrenergic selective antagonist. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzodioxine; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist |
| 8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine 8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| xylazine Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.. xylazine : A methyl benzene that is 1,3-dimethylbenzene which is substituted by a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-ylnitrilo group at position 2. It is an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist and frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties. | 5.99 | 27 | 1 | 1,3-thiazine; methylbenzene; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; emetic; muscle relaxant; sedative |
| 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole: antineoplastic; activates platelet guanylate cyclase; a radiosensitizing agent and guanylate cyclase activator; structure in first source. lificiguat : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole which is substituted by a benzyl group at position 1 and a 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl group at position 3. It is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase and inhibits platelet aggregation. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic primary alcohol; furans; indazoles | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; platelet aggregation inhibitor; soluble guanylate cyclase activator; vasodilator agent |
| zardaverine zardaverine: structure given in first source. zardaverine : A pyridazinone derivative in which pyridazin-3(2H)-one is substituted at C-6 with a 4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl group. It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, selective for PDE3 and 4. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; pyridazinone | anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; peripheral nervous system drug |
| zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity | astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid |
| zonisamide Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-benzoxazoles; sulfonamide | anticonvulsant; antioxidant; central nervous system drug; protective agent; T-type calcium channel blocker |
| zopiclone zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | monochloropyridine; pyrrolopyrazine | central nervous system depressant; sedative |
| hydrocortisone acetate hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | cortisol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
| cortisone acetate Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | mitomycin | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| oxyphenonium bromide [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| corticosterone [no description available] | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone. | 4.31 | 3 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic |
| reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. | 3.68 | 10 | 0 | alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic |
| phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension. | 4.17 | 17 | 0 | imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent |
| hexobendine Hexobendine: A potent vasoactive agent that dilates cerebral and coronary arteries, but slightly constricts femoral arteries, without any effects on heart rate, blood pressure or cardiac output. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | trihydroxybenzoic acid | |
| thymidine [no description available] | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent |
| procaine hydrochloride Gerovital H3: Contains mainly procaine & small amounts of benzoic acid, potassium metabisulfite & disodium phosphate | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| dichloroisoproterenol dichloroisoproterenol: was heading 1968-94; was DICHLORISOPROTERENOL 1963-76; DCI was see DICHLOROISOPROTERENOL 1975-94; use ISOPROTERENOL to search DICHLOROISOPROTERENOL 1968-94 & DICHLORISOPROTERENOL 1966-67 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| isoproterenol hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | catechols | |
| histamine dihydrochloride Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine | antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| neostigmine methylsulfate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | arylammonium sulfate salt | EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor |
| dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | 1-phenylpropan-2-amine | adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent |
| carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS. | 9.9 | 36 | 0 | ammonium salt; carbamate ester | cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic |
| spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester | aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| prednisolone acetate prednisolone acetate: RN given refers to cpd with locant for acetate group in position 21 & (11 beta)-isomer | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| aldosterone [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine | antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen |
| trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester | agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide |
| prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| androsterone [no description available] | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid; C19-steroid | androgen; anticonvulsant; human blood serum metabolite; human metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; pheromone |
| etiocholanolone Etiocholanolone: The 5-beta-reduced isomer of ANDROSTERONE. Etiocholanolone is a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE and ANDROSTENEDIONE in many mammalian species including humans. It is excreted in the URINE.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-androstan-17-one : An androstanoid that is 5beta-androstane substituted by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a metabolite of testosterone in mammals. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid | androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| promazine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole: An RNA polymerase II transcriptional inhibitor. This compound terminates transcription prematurely by selective inhibition of RNA synthesis. It is used in research to study underlying mechanisms of cellular regulation. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| azauridine Azauridine: A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite |
| pilocarpine hydrochloride pilocarpine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of (+)-pilocarpine, a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye and dry mouth. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine. | 10.4 | 18 | 0 | pilocarpine | antiglaucoma drug |
| dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | N-arylpiperazine; organic iodide salt; piperazinium salt; quaternary ammonium salt | nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist |
| pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis. | 8.19 | 31 | 1 | organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
| amifampridine Amifampridine: 4-Aminopyridine derivative that acts as a POTASSIUM CHANNEL blocker to increase release of ACETYLCHOLINE from nerve terminals. It is used in the treatment of CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES. | 18.49 | 352 | 26 | aminopyridine | |
| triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| racepinephrine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| (4-(m-chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium chloride (4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride: A drug that selectively activates certain subclasses of muscarinic receptors and also activates postganglionic nicotinic receptors. It is commonly used experimentally to distinguish muscarinic receptor subtypes. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hexamethonium bromide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | guanidines | |
| cystamine dihydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cantharidin Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; monoterpenoid | EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; herbicide |
| tetraethylammonium chloride tetraethylammonium chloride : A quarternary ammonium chloride salt in which the cation has four ethyl substituents around the central nitrogen. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | organic chloride salt; quaternary ammonium salt | potassium channel blocker |
| alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. | 5.17 | 3 | 1 | alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite |
| serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. | 3.3 | 6 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| desoxycorticosterone acetate Desoxycorticosterone Acetate: The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid. | 4.5 | 23 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. | 4.7 | 9 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. | 3.4 | 7 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| benzyltrimethylammonium chloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor |
| chlorobutanol [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | tertiary alcohol | |
| vincristine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; formamides; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid | antineoplastic agent; drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator |
| physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity. | 8.2 | 28 | 2 | carbamate ester; indole alkaloid | antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic |
| sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | glycosyl glycoside | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | xenoestrogen |
| tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine. | 4.88 | 36 | 0 | bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid | drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist |
| apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use. | 3.28 | 6 | 0 | aporphine alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug |
| promethazine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative |
| tetrabenazine 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzoquinolizine; cyclic ketone; tertiary amino compound | |
| adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | tetrachlorophenol | xenobiotic metabolite |
| uridine [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | uridines | drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| uridine monophosphate Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | kanamycins | bacterial metabolite |
| bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 4.32 | 3 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone | bacterial xenobiotic metabolite |
| piperoxan Piperoxan: A benzodioxane alpha-adrenergic blocking agent with considerable stimulatory action. It has been used to diagnose PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and as an antihypertensive agent. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | 10.1 | 43 | 0 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease | 5.56 | 5 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug |
| tolazoline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | benzenes | |
| edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive. | 4.78 | 10 | 0 | ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid | anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector |
| tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine | EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | amine; thiol | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent |
| acetylcholine chloride acetylcholine chloride : The chloride salt of acetylcholine, and a parasympatomimetic drug. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium salt | |
| acepromazine Acepromazine: A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.. acepromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ketone; methyl ketone; phenothiazines; tertiary amino compound | phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| methoxamine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | dimethoxybenzene | |
| methoxamine Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine . | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | amphetamines | alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypotensive agent |
| adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| papaverine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties. | 3.39 | 7 | 0 | organic chloride salt | acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer |
| bretylium tosylate Bretylium Tosylate: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.. bretylium tosylate : The tosylate salt of bretylium. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | organosulfonate salt; quaternary ammonium salt | adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent |
| 4-toluenesulfonic acid 4-toluenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; other RNs in 9th CI Form Index. toluene-4-sulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a methyl group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | arenesulfonic acid; toluenes | |
| leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group. | 10.01 | 7 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| berlition berlition: antioxidant preparation containing alpha-lipoic acid, used in the neuroprotective therapy of chronic brain ischemia for correction of free-radical processes. (R)-lipoic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of lipoic acid. A vitamin-like, C8 thia fatty acid with anti-oxidant properties.. lipoic acid : A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; lipoic acid; thia fatty acid | cofactor; nutraceutical; prosthetic group |
| ethyl methanesulfonate Ethyl Methanesulfonate: An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.. ethyl methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate ester | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen; teratogenic agent |
| methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116) | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | quaternary ammonium salt | |
| aniline [no description available] | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | anilines; primary arylamine | |
| androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid | androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| uridine triphosphate Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose. | 7.71 | 3 | 0 | lactose | |
| methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. | 7.69 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE | 3.03 | 4 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | alkaloid; colchicine | anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen |
| yohimbine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gallamine triethiodide Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198) | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | ||
| strophanthidin Strophanthidin: 3 beta,5,14-Trihydroxy-19-oxo-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. The aglycone cardioactive agent isolated from Strophanthus Kombe, S. gratus and other species; it is a very toxic material formerly used as digitalis. Synonyms: Apocymarin; Corchorin; Cynotoxin; Corchorgenin. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 19-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; cardenolides; steroid aldehyde | |
| cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. | 3.26 | 6 | 0 | antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively. | 6.75 | 77 | 0 | diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid | chelator |
| choline chloride choline chloride : A quaternary ammonium salt with choline cation and chloride anion. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | chloride salt; quaternary ammonium salt | animal growth promotant |
| barbituric acid barbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure from Merck Index, 9th ed, #966. barbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups. Barbituric acid is the parent compound of barbiturate drugs, although it is not itself pharmacologically active. | 2 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | allergen; xenobiotic |
| fluocinolone acetonide Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug |
| dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | formamides; volatile organic compound | geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent |
| norethynodrel Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | oxo steroid | |
| cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion | antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist |
| 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | 17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; progestin |
| quinacrine monohydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chlorpromazine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride; phenothiazines | anticoronaviral agent; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| cytarabine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| cytarabine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent |
| dithionitrobenzoic acid Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | nitrobenzoic acid; organic disulfide | indicator |
| trifluridine Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor |
| 4-hydroxypropiophenone [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | acetophenones | |
| histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester | adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| isopropamide iodide isopropamide iodide: was heading 1965-94; use AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS to search ISOPROPAMIDE IODIDE 1966-94 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine. | 9.03 | 14 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| mestranol [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound | prodrug; xenoestrogen |
| tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan | antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| lidocaine hydrochloride lidocaine hydrochloride : The anhydrous form of the hydrochloride salt of lidocaine. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | anti-arrhythmia drug; local anaesthetic |
| nifenalol nifenalol: adrenergic beta-blocker with good antiarrhythmic properties; also tends to lower blood pressure & provide protection against angina; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ETHANOLAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound | |
| arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. | 3.7 | 10 | 0 | arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| methylamine methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | methylamines; one-carbon compound; primary aliphatic amine | mouse metabolite |
| boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | boranes; mononuclear parent hydride | |
| methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | chloromethanes; volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant |
| acetyl chloride [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | acyl chloride | |
| phosgene Phosgene: A highly toxic gas that has been used as a chemical warfare agent. It is an insidious poison as it is not irritating immediately, even when fatal concentrations are inhaled. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed, p7304). phosgene : An acyl chloride obtained by substitution of both hydrogens of formaldehyde by chlorine.. chloroketone : A ketone containing a chloro substituent. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acyl chloride | |
| tetramethylammonium chloride [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| tetramethylammonium tetramethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetramethylammonium : The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups. | 3.78 | 11 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
| triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
| phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects. | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | benzenes; piperidines | anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug |
| 3-mercaptopropionic acid 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.. 3-mercaptopropanoic acid : A mercaptopropanoic acid that is propanoic acid carrying a sulfanyl group at position 3. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | mercaptopropanoic acid | algal metabolite |
| isobutyraldehyde isobutyraldehyde : A member of the class of propanals that is propanal substituted by a methyl group at position 2. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | 2-methyl-branched fatty aldehyde; propanals | Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 2-chloro-1-propanol [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-butanol 2-butanol: RN given is for parent cpd without isomeric designation. butan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is butane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | secondary alcohol | |
| tetrabromobisphenol a tetrabromobisphenol A: a brominated flame retardant. 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A : A bromobisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups and the phenyl rings are substituted by bromo groups at positions 2, 2', 6 and 6'. It is a brominated flame retardant. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | brominated flame retardant; bromobisphenol | |
| dehydrocholic acid Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 12-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-5beta-steroid; 7-oxo steroid; oxo-5beta-cholanic acid | gastrointestinal drug |
| methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone. | 8 | 8 | 2 | 6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic |
| rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones | antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin |
| 9,10-phenanthrenequinone 9,10-phenanthrenequinone: structure | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | phenanthrenes | |
| phthalimide phthalimide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phthalimide : A dicarboximide that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole substituted by oxo groups at positions 1 and 3. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | phthalimides | |
| phthalic anhydride phthalic anhydride : The cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the anhydride of phthalic acid. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride | allergen |
| brompheniramine Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | organobromine compound; pyridines | anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist |
| propoxycaine Propoxycaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a rapid onset of action and a longer duration of action than procaine hydrochloride. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1017) | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester | |
| dimethisoquin [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| 1-naphthaleneacetic acid 1-naphthaleneacetic acid: a plant growth regulator; RN given refers to parent cpd. naphthylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is naphthalene substituted by a carboxymethyl group at any position.. 1-naphthaleneacetic acid : A naphthylacetic acid substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 1. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | naphthylacetic acid | synthetic auxin |
| salicylaldehyde o-hydroxybenzaldehyde: structure in first source | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydroxybenzaldehyde | nematicide; plant metabolite |
| aminacrine Aminacrine: A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.. 9-aminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by an amino group. A fluorescent dyd and topical antiseptic agent, it is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) in eye drops for the treatment of superficial eye infections. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | aminoacridines; primary amino compound | acid-base indicator; antiinfective agent; antiseptic drug; fluorescent dye; MALDI matrix material; mutagen |
| quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4. | 5.5 | 65 | 0 | mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene | |
| quinoline [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines | |
| tolonium chloride Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring. | 3.41 | 7 | 0 | xanthene | |
| phenothiazine 10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | phenothiazine | ferroptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite; radical scavenger |
| mecoprop mecoprop: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl group.. mecoprop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mecoprop. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes | |
| synephrine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ethanolamines; phenethylamine alkaloid; phenols | alpha-adrenergic agonist; plant metabolite |
| propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872) | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; paraben; phenols | antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent |
| parethoxycaine [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester | |
| 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.. (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | chlorophenoxyacetic acid; monochlorobenzenes | environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin |
| dilactide dilactide: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dioxanes | |
| 4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | butan-4-olide | metabolite; neurotoxin |
| soman Soman: An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | phosphonic ester | |
| ethyl lactate ethyl lactate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate : The ethyl ester obtained of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; lactate ester; secondary alcohol | metabolite |
| arsanilic acid Arsanilic Acid: An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organoarsonic acid | |
| pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | algal metabolite |
| 3-aminobenzoic acid 3-aminobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid carrying an amino group at position 3. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid | |
| alpha-resorcylic acid alpha-resorcylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxybenzoic acid; resorcinols | metabolite |
| 4-bromophenacyl bromide 4-bromophenacyl bromide: phospholipidase A(2) inhibitor; structure | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-cymene 4-cymene: structure. p-cymene : A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | monoterpene; toluenes | human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| 4-anisic acid 4-methoxybenzoic acid: structure in first source. 4-methoxybenzoic acid : A methoxybenzoic acid substituted with a methoxy group at position C-4. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzoic acid | plant metabolite |
| benzyl bromide benzyl bromide: structure given in first source. benzyl bromide : A member of the class of benzyl bromides that is toluene substituted on the alpha-carbon with bromine. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | benzyl bromides | lachrymator |
| 4-cyanopyridine 4-cyanopyridine: spectroscopic probe for cytochrome P450 BM3 | 7.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| anisole anisole : A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | monomethoxybenzene | plant metabolite |
| quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent | |
| pyridostigmine bromide Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants. | 9.31 | 27 | 2 | pyridinium salt | |
| triethanolamine triethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethanolamine : A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | amino alcohol; tertiary amino compound; triol | buffer; surfactant |
| 4-anisidine 4-anisidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-anisidine : A substituted aniline that is aniline in which the hydrogen para to the amino group has been replaced by a methoxy group. It is used as a reagent for the detection of oxidation products such as aldehydes and ketones in fats and oils. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes; primary amino compound; substituted aniline | genotoxin; reagent |
| 4-chloroaniline 4-chloroaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloroaniline : A chloroaniline in which the chloro atom is para to the aniline amino group. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | chloroaniline; monochlorobenzenes | |
| glycidyl methacrylate glycidyl methacrylate: RN given refers to monomer. glycidyl methacrylate : An enoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of methacrylic acid with the hydroxy group of glycidol. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | enoate ester; epoxide | |
| acrolein [no description available] | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | enal | herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin |
| propionitrile propionitrile: structure. propionitrile : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the carbon-carbon double bond has been reduced to a single bond. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound | polar aprotic solvent |
| isethionic acid Isethionic Acid: A colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.. isethionic acid : An alkanesulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is directly linked to a 2-hydroxyethyl group. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | alkanesulfonic acid | human metabolite |
| 2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkane | |
| deanol Deanol: An antidepressive agent that has also been used in the treatment of movement disorders. The mechanism of action is not well understood.. N,N-dimethylethanolamine : A tertiary amine that is ethanolamine having two N-methyl substituents. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ethanolamines; tertiary amine | curing agent; radical scavenger |
| acetic anhydride acetic anhydride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. acetic anhydride : An acyclic carboxylic anhydride derived from acetic acid. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | acyclic carboxylic anhydride | metabolite; reagent |
| gamma-collidine gamma-collidine: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methylpyridines | |
| chlorobenzene [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes | solvent |
| thiophenol thiophenol : A thiol in which the sulfanyl group is attached to a phenyl group. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | aryl thiol | |
| 3-methylpyridine 3-methylpyridine : A methylpyridine that is pyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 3. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | methylpyridine | |
| 2-aminopyrimidine pyrimidin-2-amine : An aminopyrimidine carrying an amino group at position 2.. aminopyrimidine : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine substituted by at least one amino group and its derivatives. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine | |
| triethylene glycol dimethacrylate [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| boron trifluoride etherate [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-methylaminoethanol N-methylaminoethanol: structure. N-methylethanolamine : An ethanolamine compound having an N-methyl substituent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ethanolamines | |
| pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. | 5.65 | 25 | 0 | pyrrole; secondary amine | |
| thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| thiodipropionic acid thiodipropionic acid: structure | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid | |
| 1-hexanol 1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | hexanol; primary alcohol | alarm pheromone; antibacterial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite |
| heptanol Heptanol: A colorless liquid with a fragrant odor. It is used as an intermediate, solvent and in cosmetics.. heptanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of seven carbon atoms.. heptan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated from Capillipedium parviflorum. | 7.38 | 2 | 0 | heptanol; primary alcohol | flavouring agent; fragrance; gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| diethylene glycol monomethyl ether 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol : A hydroxypolyether that is the monomethyl ether derivative of diethylene glycol. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diether; glycol ether; hydroxypolyether | solvent; teratogenic agent |
| methyl palmitate [no description available] | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | fatty acid methyl ester | metabolite |
| imipramine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | antidepressant |
| neostigmine bromide neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | bromide salt | |
| phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | biguanides | antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent |
| ambenonium chloride Ambenonium Chloride: A quaternary ammonium compound that is an inhibitor of cholinesterase activity with actions similar to those of NEOSTIGMINE, but of longer duration. Ambenonium is given by mouth in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1112). ambenonium chloride : A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium salt having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens. | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt; quaternary ammonium salt | EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; neurotransmitter agent |
| edrophonium chloride edrophonium chloride : The chloride salt of edrophonium. A reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes), it is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | chloride salt; quaternary ammonium salt | antidote; diagnostic agent; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor |
| maltol maltol: found in bark of young larch trees; isolated from Passiflora incarnata; possesses depressant properties in mice; potentiates hexobarbital-induced narcosis & inhibits spontaneous motor activity; structure | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 4-pyranones | metabolite |
| framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | aminoglycoside | allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite |
| isoquinoline [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; isoquinolines; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene | |
| triethylamine [no description available] | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | tertiary amine | |
| suramin sodium suramin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the hexasodium salt of suramin. It is an FDA approved drug for African sleeping sickness and river blindness. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug |
| pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone | antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector |
| meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | hexosamine; secondary amino compound | |
| cinchophen cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
| methapyrilene hydrochloride methapyrilene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of methapyrilene. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | anti-allergic agent; carcinogenic agent; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative |
| phenazopyridine hydrochloride phenazopyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining phenazopyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; non-narcotic analgesic |
| tetrracaine hydrochloride leocaine: a crystal beta-modification of the beta-dimethylaminoethyl ether of n-butylaminobenzoic acid hydrochloride | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzoate ester | |
| 2-aminobenzothiazole [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | benzothiazoles | |
| chelidamic acid [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| protocatechualdehyde protocatechualdehyde: found in wheat grains, wheat seedlings, & other plants; RN given refers to parent cpd; see also rancinamycins; structure | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxybenzaldehyde | |
| 2,6-diaminopyridine 2,6-diaminopyridine: structure in first source | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cupric acetate [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium cyanide Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; sodium salt | EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor |
| pregnenolone [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 20-alpha-dihydroprogesterone 20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone: A biologically active 20-alpha-reduced metabolite of PROGESTERONE. It is converted from progesterone to 20-alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one by the 20-ALPHA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE in the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 20-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina. | 6.42 | 42 | 1 | methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| 2-chloroadenosine 5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source | 8.38 | 7 | 0 | purine nucleoside | |
| diphenhydramine hydrochloride Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine. | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | hydrochloride; organoammonium salt | anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; sedative |
| 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-Disulfonic Acid Disodium Salt: A colorimetric reagent for iron, manganese, titanium, molybdenum, and complexes of zirconium. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| potassium cyanide [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt | EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin |
| methohexital Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | acetylenic compound; barbiturates | drug allergen; intravenous anaesthetic |
| quinestrol Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011) | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 17-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | xenoestrogen |
| catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | catechin | antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| tripelennamine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thiamine pyrophosphate Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt; vitamin B1 | |
| cysteamine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phthalazine phthalazine : An azaarene that is the 2,3-diaza analogue of naphthalene. The parent of the class of phthalazines. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines | |
| quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines | |
| acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene | genotoxin |
| indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES. | 2.53 | 2 | 0 | indazole | |
| triethylenediamine triethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethylenediamine : An organic heterobicylic compound that is piperazine with an ethane-1,2-diyl group forming a bridge between N1 and N4. It is typically used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | bridged compound; diamine; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent; tertiary amino compound | antioxidant; catalyst; reagent |
| cyclohexene oxide cyclohexene oxide: inhibitor of epoxide hydrase; structure | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | 1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| thiazoles [no description available] | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | diazine; pyrimidines | Daphnia magna metabolite |
| pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms. | 3.42 | 7 | 0 | diazine; pyrazines | Daphnia magna metabolite |
| propantheline bromide [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | xanthenes | |
| ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively. | 5.67 | 3 | 1 | phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines | bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| muscarine Muscarine: A toxic alkaloid found in Amanita muscaria (fly fungus) and other fungi of the Inocybe species. It is the first parasympathomimetic substance ever studied and causes profound parasympathetic activation that may end in convulsions and death. The specific antidote is atropine. | 3.85 | 12 | 0 | monosaccharide | |
| hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | azane; hydrazines | EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor |
| chlormadinone acetate Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL). | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| hydralazine hydrochloride hydralazine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of hydralazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent |
| ethamivan ethamivan: minor descriptor (65-72); major descriptor (73-86); on-line search BENZAMIDES (66-86); INDEX MEDICUS search BENZAMIDES (65-72); ETHAMIVAN (73-86). etamivan : Phenol substituted at C-2 and C-4 by a methoxy group and an N,N-diethylaminocarbonyl group respectively. A respiratory stimulant drug related to nikethamide, it has now fallen largely into disuse. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | methoxybenzenes; phenols | |
| pargyline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| paraoxon [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite |
| hemicholinium 3 Hemicholinium 3: A potent inhibitor of the high affinity uptake system for CHOLINE. It has less effect on the low affinity uptake system. Since choline is one of the components of ACETYLCHOLINE, treatment with hemicholinium can deplete acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals. Hemicholinium 3 is commonly used as a research tool in animal and in vitro experiments. | 3.68 | 10 | 0 | ||
| aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | mixture | bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug |
| azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue | antineoplastic agent |
| orphenadrine hydrochloride orphenadrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of ophenadrine and hydrogen chloride. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic |
| 3-acetylpyridine 3-acetylpyridine: inhibits tremors | 7.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| fluocinonide Fluocinonide: A topical glucocorticoid used in the treatment of ECZEMA. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| methysergide Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ergoline alkaloid | |
| cuprizone [no description available] | 7.82 | 3 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724) | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent |
| prenylamine Prenylamine: A drug formerly used in the treatment of angina pectoris but superseded by less hazardous drugs. Prenylamine depletes myocardial catecholamine stores and has some calcium channel blocking activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1406) | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(n,n-dimethyl-n-2-propenyl-), dibromide Benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-), Dibromide: Proposed cholinesterase inhibitor. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fluorometholone Fluorometholone: A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluorometholone : A member of the class of glucocorticoids that is Delta(1)-progesterone substituted at positions 11beta and 17 by hydroxy groups, at position 6alpha by a methyl group and at position 9 by a fluoro group. Used for the treatment of corticosteroid-responsive inflammation of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the globe. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug |
| cyproterone acetate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; chlorinated steroid; steroid ester | androgen antagonist; geroprotector; progestin |
| xanthinol niacinate Xanthinol Niacinate: A vasodilator used in peripheral vascular disorders and insufficiency. It may cause gastric discomfort and hypotension. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2,3-diaminopyridine diaminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by two amino groups. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | aminopyridine | |
| 4-toluenesulfonyl fluoride 4-toluenesulfonyl fluoride: inhibitor of peptide hydrolases; structure in second source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monofluorobenzenes | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| 3-aminopyridine [no description available] | 4.88 | 11 | 0 | ||
| methylguanidine Methylguanidine: A product of putrefaction. Poisonous.. methylguanidine : A guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a methyl group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | guanidines | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite; uremic toxin |
| glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | immunomodulator; plant metabolite |
| cdta CDTA: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | organooxygen compound | |
| emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline | antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species. | 7.5 | 119 | 0 | benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines | agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin |
| kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose. | 10.64 | 29 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid | antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist |
| indole-3-carbaldehyde indole-3-carbaldehyde: metabolite of tryptophan; structure. indole-3-carbaldehyde : A heteroarenecarbaldehyde that is indole in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a formyl group. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | heteroarenecarbaldehyde; indole alkaloid; indoles | bacterial metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; marine metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 4-methylquinoline 4-methylquinoline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methylquinoline : A methylquinoline carrying a methyl substituent at position 4. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | methylquinoline | mutagen |
| butenolide butenolide: inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. butenolide : A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | butenolide | |
| dipicolinic acid dipicolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying two carboxy groups at positions 2 and 6. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | pyridinedicarboxylic acid | bacterial metabolite |
| caprolactone hexano-6-lactone : A epsilon-lactone that is oxepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | epsilon-lactone | |
| alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups. | 15.47 | 667 | 5 | ||
| thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | thiazolidine | |
| 16-hydroxypalmitic acid 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid : An omega-hydroxy-long-chain fatty acid that is hexadecanoic acid (also known as palmitic acid) which is substituted at position 16 by a hydroxy group. It is a key monomer of cutin in the plant cuticle. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | hydroxypalmitic acid; omega-hydroxy-long-chain fatty acid | plant metabolite |
| podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator |
| hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside | mutagen |
| medroxyprogesterone [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of tetryzoline. It is used as a nasal decongestant. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | nasal decongestant; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| dequalinium chloride dequalinium chloride : An organic chloride salt that is the dichloride salt of dequalinium. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiseptic drug; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor |
| 1,2-naphthoquinone naphthalene-1,2-dione: structure given in first source. 1,2-naphthoquinone : The parent structure of the family of 1,2-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 2 of the naphthalene ring. It is a metabolite of naphthalene and is found in diesel exhaust particles. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-naphthoquinones | aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent |
| gluconic acid gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | gluconic acid | chelator; Penicillium metabolite |
| copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| hexylcaine hexylcaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester | |
| piperocaine piperocaine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester | |
| methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover. | 3.11 | 5 | 0 | methoxybenzenes; phenols | |
| diperodon diperodon: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester | |
| methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines; secondary amine | central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic |
| cyclomethycaine [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester | |
| dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms. | 4.01 | 14 | 0 | carbodiimide | ATP synthase inhibitor; cross-linking reagent; peptide coupling reagent |
| uranyl acetate uranyl acetate: used after fixation in uranaffin procedure; RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| decamethonium dibromide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | dialdehyde | biomarker |
| trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound | epitope; explosive; reagent |
| amitriptyline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | organic tricyclic compound | |
| naphazoline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| paeonol paeonol: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes; phenols | metabolite |
| 4,4'-bipyridyl 4,4'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-4 and C-4'. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | bipyridine | |
| doxylamine succinate [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| glycerylphosphorylcholine Glycerylphosphorylcholine: A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed) | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | glycerophosphocholine | |
| carbamylhydrazine monohydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| thallium acetate thallium acetate: RN given refers to Tl(+1) salt. thallium(I) acetate : An acetate salt comprising equal numbers of acetate and thallium ions. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | acetate salt; thallium molecular entity | apoptosis inducer; neurotoxin |
| monoacetyldapsone monoacetyldapsone: used in leprosy chemotherapy. monoacetyldapsone : A secondary carboxamide resulting from acetylation of one of the amino groups of dapsone. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; anilide; secondary carboxamide; sulfone | |
| formestane [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enol; hydroxy steroid | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor |
| chlorotrianisene Chlorotrianisene: A powerful synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | chloroalkene | antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor modulator; xenoestrogen |
| docusate Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid: All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | diester; organosulfonic acid | |
| aminacrine [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| isoxsuprine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| debrisoquin sulfate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic sulfate salt | |
| diphenylamine Diphenylamine: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.. diphenylamine : An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; bridged diphenyl fungicide; secondary amino compound | antifungal agrochemical; antioxidant; carotogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| betaine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bethanechol chloride bethanechol chloride : The chloride salt of bethanechol. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | carbamate ester; chloride salt; quaternary ammonium salt | muscarinic agonist |
| levulinic acid levulinic acid: inhibits 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5316. 4-oxopentanoic acid : An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | oxopentanoic acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | plant metabolite |
| n-methylhydroxylamine [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| megestrol acetate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester | antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| glycopyrrolate Glycopyrrolate: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics.. glycopyrronium bromide : A quaternary ammonium salt composed of 3-{[cyclopentyl(hydroxy)phenylacetyl]oxy}-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium and bromide ions in a 1:1 ratio. | 3.47 | 2 | 0 | organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt | |
| 2-hydroxyacetanilide 2-acetamidophenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 2-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group. A positional isomer of paracetamol which possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and anti-platelet aggregation properties. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; phenols | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; platelet aggregation inhibitor; xenobiotic metabolite |
| acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary |
| 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol [no description available] | 7.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methoxyacetic acid methoxyacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methoxyacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methoxy group. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ether; monocarboxylic acid | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; human xenobiotic metabolite; mutagen |
| clopamide Clopamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide piperidine. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide | |
| erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; erythromycin | |
| hempa Hempa: A chemosterilant agent that is anticipated to be a carcinogen. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | phosphoramide | insect sterilant; mutagen |
| 1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide 1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide: activates carboxyl groups. 1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having an isopropyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | carbodiimide | peptide coupling reagent |
| phosmet Phosmet: An organothiophosphorus insecticide that has been used to control pig mange. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phthalimides | acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
| levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| Mecamylamine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
| vinblastine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| malononitrile dimer Malononitrile dimer: has antithyroid activity; inhibits conversion of monoiodotyrosine to diiodotyrosine | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | enoate ester | allergen; polymerisation monomer |
| diphenyl disulfide [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | benzenes | |
| deoxycytidine [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous) cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : The hydrochloride salt of cyproheptadine. Note that the drug named cyproheptadine hydrochloride generally refers to cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| estradiol valerate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| carcainium chloride carcainium chloride: lidocaine derivative with antiarrhythmic activity; structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-acetylpyridine [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-dimethylaminopyridine 4-dimethylaminopyridine: catalyst for acetylation of hydroxy cpds; structure | 12.25 | 123 | 0 | dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound | |
| tetramethylpyrazine tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii). | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid; pyrazines | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| 2,2'-dipyridylamine dipyridin-2-ylamine: structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phenazocine Phenazocine: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1095) | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| arsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alpha-tocopherol | algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite |
| tocopherols [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pregnenolone carbonitrile Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic nitrile | |
| flurandrenolone Flurandrenolone: A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733) | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 21-hydroxy steroid | |
| bisphenol a-glycidyl methacrylate Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate: The reaction product of bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate that undergoes polymerization when exposed to ultraviolet light or mixed with a catalyst. It is used as a bond implant material and as the resin component of dental sealants and composite restorative materials. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| 3-quinuclidinol quinuclidin-3-Ol: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | quinuclidines; secondary alcohol; tertiary amine | |
| diethylcarbamazine citrate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | piperazinecarboxamide | |
| diphenyldiselenide diphenyldiselenide: structure given in first source | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | ||
| azacyclonol azacyclonol: major descriptor (65-84); on-line search PIPERIDINES (65-84); Index Medicus search AZACYCLONOL (65-84); RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol : The 5alpha-stereoisomer of androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol | Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite |
| guaiacoxyacetic acid guaiacoxyacetic acid: structure given in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tetrabutylammonium tetrabutylammonium: lipophilic probe; RN given refers to parent cpd | 3.59 | 9 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
| dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. | 3.54 | 2 | 0 | benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide | cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic |
| methylene diphosphonate medronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) consisting of methane substituted by two phosphonic acid groups. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) | bone density conservation agent; chelator |
| amiloride hydrochloride, anhydrous amiloride hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining amiloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
| amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. | 5.1 | 14 | 0 | aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
| pimozide Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group. | 3.3 | 6 | 0 | benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound | antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid: a proline analog (with 4-membered ring in place of 5); a toxic non-protein amino acid that is misincorporated into protein in place of proline; induces nonfunctional heat-shock proteins; inhibits acquired thermotolerance; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; found in beets and Liliaceae. (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid : The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.. azetidinecarboxylic acid : A member of the class of azetidines that is azetidine substituted by at least one carboxy group at unspecified position. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | azetidine-2-carboxylic acid | |
| flumethasone Flumethasone: An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug |
| azaribine azaribine: pyrimidine analogue; anti-metabolite used in psoriasis & mycosis fungoides;. azaribine : A N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine that is 6-azauridine acetylated at positions 2', 3' and 5' on the sugar ring. It is a prodrug for 6-azauridine and is used for treatment of psoriasis. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine | antipsoriatic; prodrug |
| hydrocortisone hemisuccinate hydrocortisone succinate : A derivative of succinic acid in which one of the carboxy groups is esterified by the C-21 hydroxy group of cortisol (hydrocortisone). | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
| muscarine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye | fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium |
| tetrapentylammonium tetrapentylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
| antazoline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| mebeverine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| butoxamine [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity | antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| doxifluridine doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug |
| benzolamide Benzolamide: Selective renal carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It may also be of use in certain cases of respiratory failure. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol | chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent |
| clidinium bromide clidinium bromide : The bromide salt of clinidium. It is used for the symptomatic treatment of peptic ulcer disease and also to help relieve abdominal or stomach spasms or cramps due to colicky abdominal pain, diverticulitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cyclazocine Cyclazocine: An analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist properties. | 6.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cyclic cmp Cyclic CMP: A cyclic nucleotide formed from CYTIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE by the action of cytidylate cyclase. It is a potential cyclic nucleotide intracellular mediator of signal transductions.. 3',5'-cyclic CMP : A 3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide having cytosine as the nucleobase. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide | human metabolite |
| meclofenoxate hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diloxanide furoate diloxanide furoate: structure. diloxanide furoate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of furan-2-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of 2,2-dichloro-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylacetamide. It is a drug used for the treatment of asymptomatic amebiasis. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic ester; furans; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide | antiamoebic agent; prodrug |
| streptomycin [no description available] | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins | antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | carbon oxoanion | |
| 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nitroxoline nitroxoline: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6475; RN given refers to parent cpd. nitroxoline : A monohydroxyquinoline in which the hydroxy group is positioned at C-8 with a nitro group trans to it at C-5. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; monohydroxyquinoline | antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; renal agent |
| dideoxyadenosine Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor |
| clonidine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | |
| cladribine [no description available] | 4.6 | 4 | 0 | organochlorine compound; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent |
| beclomethasone [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; corticosteroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug |
| dexpropranolol [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | propranolol | |
| buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide | EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer |
| mexiletine hydrochloride mexiletine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride composed of equimolar amounts of mexiletine and hydrogen chloride. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| diadenosine tetraphosphate P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate : A diadenosyl tetraphosphate compound having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | diadenosyl tetraphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| alverine citrate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | citrate salt; organoammonium salt | antispasmodic drug; cholinergic antagonist |
| iprindole Iprindole: A tricyclic antidepressant that has actions and uses similar to those of AMITRIPTYLINE, but has only weak antimuscarinic and sedative effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p257) | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | indoles | |
| cyclogyl cyclopentolate hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of cyclopentolate. It is used to produce mydriasis (excessive dilation of the pupil) and cycloplegia (paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye) for opthalmic diagnostic procedures. It acts more quickly than atropine and has a shorter duration of action. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cyclophosphamide cyclophosphamide hydrate : The monohydrate of cyclophosphamide. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrate | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; immunosuppressive agent |
| suxamethonium chloride succinylcholine chloride (anhydrous) : A chloride salt in which the negative charge of the chloride ions is balanced by succinylcholine dications. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | chloride salt | muscle relaxant |
| cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of cyclobenzaprine. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antidepressant; muscle relaxant |
| n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration. | 6.24 | 45 | 0 | amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound | neurotransmitter agent |
| 3-deazaadenosine 3-deazaadenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| terodiline [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| metoclopramide hydrochloride metoclopramide hydrochloride : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of metoclopramide monohydrochloride. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| isoetharine mesylate [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| hepes [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | HEPES; organosulfonic acid | |
| lanthanum [no description available] | 10.09 | 14 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom | |
| manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4. | 4.32 | 20 | 0 | elemental manganese; manganese group element atom | Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient |
| palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | cobalt group element atom | |
| ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM. | 7.39 | 2 | 0 | iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA. | 8.31 | 6 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental silver | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common. | 5.79 | 89 | 0 | cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom | |
| chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24. | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | chromium group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts. | 3.78 | 10 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental gold | |
| vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom | micronutrient |
| zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt | anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent |
| mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | mercury coordination entity | sensitiser |
| 6-nitroindazole [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cesium chloride cesium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. caesium chloride : The inorganic chloride salt of caesium; each caesium ion is coordinated by eight chlorine ions. | 4.48 | 23 | 0 | inorganic caesium salt; inorganic chloride | phase-transfer catalyst; vasoconstrictor agent |
| propionylpromazine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite |
| nickel chloride nickel chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Cl2. nickel dichloride : A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2. | 3.8 | 11 | 0 | nickel coordination entity | calcium channel blocker; hapten |
| bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | diatomic bromine | |
| copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | metal sulfate | emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser |
| metoprine metoprine: histamine methyltransferase antagonist | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium thiosulfate sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | antidote to cyanide poisoning; antifungal drug; nephroprotective agent |
| deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | dihydrogen | |
| deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | deuterated compound; water | NMR solvent |
| galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| sodium selenite disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; selenite salt | nutraceutical |
| cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding. | 4.4 | 21 | 0 | cadmium coordination entity | |
| 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | benzoxadiazole; C-nitro compound; organochlorine compound | EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor; fluorescent probe; fluorochrome |
| nsc-145,668 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| barium chloride barium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. barium chloride : The inorganic dichloride salt of barium. | 9.86 | 34 | 0 | barium salt; inorganic chloride | potassium channel blocker |
| trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| clodronic acid Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent |
| ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion. | 3.38 | 7 | 0 | ammonium salt; inorganic chloride | ferroptosis inhibitor |
| hydrocortisone-17-butyrate cortisol 17-butyrate : Cortisol esterified with butyric acid at the 17-hydroxy group. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | butyrate ester; cortisol ester; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | dermatologic drug; drug allergen |
| tiletamine Tiletamine: Proposed anesthetic with possible anticonvulsant and sedative properties. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aralkylamine | |
| etorphine Etorphine: A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole | antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator |
| benserazide hydrochloride benserazide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of benserazide. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide hydrochloride has no antiparkinson actions when given alone. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor |
| pancuronium bromide pancuronium bromide : A bromide salt consisting of two bromide ions and one pancuronium dication. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | bromide salt | cholinergic antagonist; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist |
| 2,3-dihydroxyquinoxaline 2,3-dihydroxyquinoxaline: fluorescent oxalic acid deriv. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pentamethylmelamine pentamethylmelamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| eedq EEDQ: peptide coupling reagent | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types. | 4.39 | 21 | 0 | acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator |
| ornidazole Ornidazole: A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.. ornidazole : A C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl and methyl groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of susceptible protozoal infections and for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; organochlorine compound; secondary alcohol | antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antiprotozoal drug; antitrichomonal drug; epitope |
| fluorides [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic fluorine | |
| edifenphos edifenphos: structure. edifenphos : An organic thiophosphate that is the O-ethyl-S,S-diphenyl ester of phosphorodithioic acid. Used to control a variety of fungal diseases on rice including blast, ear blight and stem rot. Edifenphos is moderately toxic to mammals and fish but poses more of a risk to aquatic invertebrates. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | organic thiophosphate | antifungal agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; neurotoxin; phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitor |
| danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector |
| tetridamin tetridamin: do not confuse with tetrodamine; structure | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| metergoline Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | carbamate ester; ergoline alkaloid | dopamine agonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist |
| lisuride Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; serotonergic agonist |
| n-n-propylnorapomorphine N-n-propylnorapomorphine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| razoxane Razoxane: An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine | |
| capobenic acid [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
| phosphotyrosine Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O(4)-phosphotyrosine | Escherichia coli metabolite; immunogen |
| disopyramide phosphate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organoammonium phosphate | |
| bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | indole alkaloid | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist |
| ergocristine ergocristine: an ergot alkaloid; one of the three components of ergotoxine; has alpha blocking action, stimulates smooth muscles & antagonizes serotonin; used as oxytocic & in peripheral disorders; minor descriptor (77-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search EROLINES (77-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). ergocristine : Ergotaman bearing benzyl, hydroxy, and isopropyl groups at the 5', 12' and 2' positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ergot alkaloid | |
| phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 5.12 | 14 | 0 | benzenes; phenyl acetates | |
| cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | chloride salt; organic chloride salt | antiseptic drug; surfactant |
| butyl acetate butyl acetate: structure. butyl acetate : The acetate ester of butanol. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester | metabolite |
| methanesulfonyl chloride [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
| thymolphthalein Thymolphthalein: Used as a pH indicator and as a reagent for blood after decolorizing the alkaline solution by boiling with zinc dust. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | terpene lactone | |
| pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one. | 7.07 | 1 | 0 | 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid | human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative |
| dihydro-beta-erythroidine Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine: Dihydro analog of beta-erythroidine, which is isolated from the seeds and other plant parts of Erythrina sp. Leguminosae. It is an alkaloid with curarimimetic properties.. dihydro-beta-erythroidine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the partial hydrogenation of the 1,3-diene moiety of beta-erythroidine to give the corresponding 2-ene. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | delta-lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | nicotinic antagonist |
| 8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. | 4.18 | 17 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound | antidepressant; protein kinase agonist |
| carticaine Carticaine: A thiophene-containing local anesthetic pharmacologically similar to MEPIVACAINE. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | thiophenecarboxylic acid | |
| clobetasol propionate Clobetasol Propionate: This is the form in trademark preparations.. clobetasol propionate : The 17-O-propionate ester of clobetasol. A potent corticosteroid, it is used to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid | anti-inflammatory drug |
| androstane-3,17-diol Androstane-3,17-diol: The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid | |
| alkenes [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. | 10.15 | 189 | 1 | glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical |
| adenylyl imidodiphosphate Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate | |
| frentizole frentizole: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| torpedo Torpedo: A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays. | 4.68 | 9 | 0 | ||
| sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid). | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen |
| azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor |
| amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | timolol | anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
| penfluridol Penfluridol: One of the long-acting ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS used for maintenance or long-term therapy of SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| tramadol Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. | 7.72 | 3 | 0 | 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antitussive; capsaicin receptor antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; muscarinic antagonist; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| eterobarb [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy. | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | cyclic ketone; dibenzoazepine | anticonvulsant; drug allergen |
| moricizine hydrochloride moricizine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained from equimola amounts of moricizine and hydrogen chloride. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| zolazepam Zolazepam: A pyrazolodiazepinone with pharmacological actions similar to ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS. It is commonly used in combination with TILETAMINE to obtain immobilization and anesthesia in animals. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| proroxan hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL). | 3.8 | 2 | 1 | taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid | antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent |
| etomidate ethnor: an adsorbable haemostatic bone sealant | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles | |
| buspirone hydrochloride buspirone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of buspirone and hydrogen chloride. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist |
| etoposide [no description available] | 4.38 | 6 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| substance p [no description available] | 4.13 | 16 | 0 | peptide | neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent |
| propafenone hydrochloride propafenone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of propafenone. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| etazolate hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| halofantrine halofantrine: used in treatment of mild to moderate acute malaria | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | phenanthrenes | |
| propylbenzilylcholine mustard Propylbenzilylcholine Mustard: An analog of benzilylcholine mustard. It is an alkylating nitrogen mustard analog that binds specifically and irreversibly to cholinergic muscarinic receptors and is used as an affinity label to isolate and study the receptors. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| butaclamol (+)-butaclamol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is 2,3,4,4a,8,9,13b,14-octahydro-1H-benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2,3-de]pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline substituted at position 3 by both hydroxy and tert-butyl groups. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | organic heteropentacyclic compound | |
| butaclamol [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | amino alcohol; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | dopaminergic antagonist |
| etidocaine Etidocaine: A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE.. etidocaine : An amino acid amide in which 2-[ethyl(propyl)amino]butanoic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. Used as a local anaesthetic (amide caine), it has rapid onset and long action properties, similar to bupivacaine, and is given by injection during surgical procedures and during labour and delivery. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide | local anaesthetic |
| ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide | anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems. | 4.43 | 22 | 0 | butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
| ciclazindol ciclazindol: highly selective inhibitor of noradrenaline uptake; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| fluorescamine Fluorescamine: A nonfluorescent reagent for the detection of primary amines, peptides and proteins. The reaction products are highly fluorescent. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| carbidopa [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | catechols; hydrate; hydrazines; monocarboxylic acid | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor |
| cephradine Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
| methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent |
| bezafibrate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes | antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
| sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension. | 4.47 | 23 | 0 | 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| lonidamine lonidamine: structure. lonidamine : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole that is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and carboxy groups, respectively. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; indazoles; monocarboxylic acid | antineoplastic agent; antispermatogenic agent; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
| vecuronium bromide Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt | muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent; nicotinic antagonist |
| ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension. | 5 | 38 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor |
| dexibuprofen dexibuprofen: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ibuprofen | non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| picobenzide [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| quisqualic acid Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
| pirfenidone pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | pyridone | antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| flecainide acetate flecainide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining flecainide with one molar equivalent of acetic acid. An antiarrhythmic agent used to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart). | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | acetate salt | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| nicardipine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | dihydropyridine | geroprotector |
| triadimenol triadimenol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane-1,2-diol substituted at position O1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group. A fungicide for cereals, beet and brassicas used to control a range of diseases including powdery mildew, rusts, bunts and smuts. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; conazole fungicide; hemiaminal ether; monochlorobenzenes; secondary alcohol; triazole fungicide | antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic metabolite |
| meobentine meobentine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes | |
| enkephalin, methionine Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | ||
| idarubicin Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative | |
| propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles | antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| n-cyano-n'-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-n''-(3-pyridinyl)guanidine N-cyano-N'-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-N''-(3-pyridinyl)guanidine: potassium channel opener | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | pyridines | |
| paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo. | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines | antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| terazosin hydrochloride anhydrous [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| Arbaclofen [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris. | 3.68 | 10 | 0 | nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide | potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent |
| pergolide Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | diamine; methyl sulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist |
| pergolide mesylate pergolide mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained from pergolide by mixing eqimolar amount of pergolide and methanesulfonic acid. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | methanesulfonate salt | antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; geroprotector |
| ranitidine hydrochloride label : A role played by a part of a molecular entity distinguishable by the observer but not by the system and used to identify a tracer. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland. | 5.02 | 40 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol | adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist |
| bicifadine bicifadine: a nonopioid analgesic that modulates the monoaminergic pathways involved in pain | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cerm-1978 bepridil hydrochloride : The hydrochloride of bepridil. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| pipecuronium Pipecuronium: A piperazinyl androstane derivative which is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent (NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS). It is used as a muscle relaxant during ANESTHESIA and surgical procedures. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| cefaclor anhydrous Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
| fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya. | 7.34 | 23 | 2 | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols | agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide |
| pramiracetam pramiracetam: cognition activator | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| alo 2145 apraclonidine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of apraclonidine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | alpha-adrenergic agonist; antiglaucoma drug |
| haloperidol decanoate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| dazoxiben hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring) | anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug |
| flupirtine flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aminopyridine | |
| enoximone Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | benzodioxine; imidazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist |
| quinpirole Quinpirole: A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.. quinpirole : A pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist. | 3.38 | 7 | 0 | pyrazoloquinoline | dopamine agonist |
| atomoxetine atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; secondary amino compound; toluenes | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| raloxifene hydrochloride Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| n-methyl-n-(1-methyl-4-pyrrolidino-2-butynyl)acetamide N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-4-pyrrolidino-2-butynyl)acetamide: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 4.45 | 1 | 1 | N-alkylpyrrolidine | |
| mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound | abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| quinpirole hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| imazodan imazodan: RN & structure given in first source; | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ranolazine Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; secondary alcohol | |
| ipsapirone [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | N-arylpiperazine | |
| fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues. | 4.52 | 24 | 0 | ||
| eticlopride eticlopride: blocks dopamine-D2 binding sites; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S)-isomer | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | salicylamides | |
| finasteride Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam | androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor |
| mk 458 MK 458: a sustained release formulation of a naphthoxazine compoud with selective D-2 dopamine receptor agonism. naxagolide hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of naxagolide. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | anticonvulsant; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist |
| sertindole sertindole : A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | heteroarylpiperidine; imidazolidinone; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; phenylindole | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| remacemide remacemide: structure given in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| niguldipine [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| tiagabine Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid; tertiary amino compound; thiophenes | anticonvulsant; GABA reuptake inhibitor |
| mibefradil dihydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mibefradil Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | tetralins | T-type calcium channel blocker |
| topotecan Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | pyranoindolizinoquinoline | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor |
| gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| ibutilide ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzenes; organic amino compound | |
| enadoline enadoline: kappa-opioid receptor agonist; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; PD 129290 (CAM 570; CI 977) is the S,S(-)-enantiomer; PD 129289 (CAM 569) is the corresponding R,R(+)-enantiomer | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| aripiprazole Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone | drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist |
| sipatrigine sipatrigine: a glutamate release inhibitor which protects against focal cerebral ischemic damage | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines | |
| irinotecan [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug |
| aptiganel hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ziprasidone ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-benzisothiazole; indolones; organochlorine compound; piperazines | antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist |
| simendan Simendan: A hydrazone and pyridazine derivative; the levo-form is a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, calcium-sensitizing agent, and inotropic agent that is used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE. | 7.72 | 3 | 0 | ||
| adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | 5.32 | 55 | 0 | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| phenelzine sulfate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| gadolinium chloride gadolinium chloride: a macrophage inhibitor; reduces pulmonary injury and inflammatory mediator production induced by inhaled ozone | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | gadolinium coordination entity | TRP channel blocker |
| vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion | EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor |
| tobramycin sulfate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| acridine orange Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination. | 2 | 1 | 0 | aminoacridines; aromatic amine; tertiary amino compound | fluorochrome; histological dye |
| benzylaminopurine benzylaminopurine: a plant growth regulator. N-benzyladenine : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a benzyl group. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 6-aminopurines | cytokinin; plant metabolite |
| trifluoromethanesulfonic acid trifluoromethanesulfonic acid: deblocking reagent for peptide synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd. triflic acid : A one-carbon compound that is methanesulfonic acid in which the hydrogens attached to the methyl carbon have been replaced by fluorines. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid | |
| rubidium chloride rubidium chloride : An inorganic chloride composed of rubidium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | inorganic chloride; rubidium molecular entity | antidepressant; biomarker |
| fluoxetine hydrochloride fluoxetine hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride; N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine | |
| propranolol hydrochloride Inderex: combination of above cpds; used in treatment of hypertension | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| bupropion hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| diltiazem hydrochloride Carex: fluoride (1.8%) containing varnish; no further information available 8/91. diltiazem hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of diltiazem and hydrogen chloride. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | hydrochloride | adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| verapamil hydrochloride verapamil hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil hydrochloride and (S)-verapamil hydrochloride. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| doxazosin mesylate Cardura: Trade name in United States. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | methanesulfonate salt | geroprotector |
| terfenadine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| amantadine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | antiviral agent; dopamine agonist; NMDA receptor antagonist |
| 4-bromobenzoyl-methyladamantylamine 4-bromobenzoyl-methyladamantylamine: myocardial K+ channel blocker; structure given in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mevastatin mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 2-pyranones; carboxylic ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring) | antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; Penicillium metabolite |
| lanthanum chloride lanthanum chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chloroquine diphosphate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| norharman norharman: RN given refers to parent cpd. beta-carboline : The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | beta-carbolines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent | fungal metabolite; marine metabolite |
| epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| ethyl acetimidate ethyl acetimidate: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dobutamine hydrochloride dobutamine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dobutamine. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| desipramine hydrochloride desipramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of desipramine. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | drug allergen |
| ticlopidine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| dopamine hydrochloride P 498: structure in first source; do not confuse with dopamine chloride, also known as P 498 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | catecholamine | |
| proadifen hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'phosphate 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'phosphate: inhibits thymidylate kinase | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | purine nucleoside | |
| sulconazole, mononitrate, (+-)-isomer [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; organic nitrate salt | |
| acetylcholine bromide acetylcholine bromide : The bromide salt of acetylcholine. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt | |
| zatebradine [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzazepine | |
| aloxistatin aloxistatin: a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor. aloxistatin : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | epoxide; ethyl ester; L-leucine derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide | anticoronaviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor |
| metrifudil [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-sulfobenzoic acid cyclic anhydride [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| rutecarpine rutacarpine: from Evodia rutaecarpa; an ingredient in zhuyu hewei zhitong capsules | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | beta-carbolines | |
| tryptamide tryptamide: structure given in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tedisamil tedisamil : A member of the class of diazabicyclononanes that is (1s,5s)-3,7-diazaspiro[bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9,1'-cyclopentane] in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 7 are replaced by cyclopropylmethyl groups. It is a potassium channel blocker and an antiarrhythmic agent currently currently in development for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| web 2086 WEB 2086: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist | 2 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound | |
| mizolastine [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles | |
| sesamodil sesamodil: structure given in first source; RN given refers to fumarate | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| terikalant terikalant: experimental class II antiarrhythmic drug; RN gioven refers to terikalant ((S-(-))-isomer) | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | piperidines | |
| telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension. | 7.05 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aralkylamine | |
| oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines | |
| thioridazine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | first generation antipsychotic; geroprotector |
| diphenylpyraline hydrochloride diphenylpyraline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenylpyraline. A sedating antihistamine, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist |
| procainamide hydrochloride procainamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride which has procainamide as the amino component. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| siquil [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | anticoronaviral agent |
| mepivacaine hydrochloride mepivacaine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of mepivacaine. It is used as a local anaesthetic. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride; piperidinecarboxamide | local anaesthetic |
| sotalol hydrochloride sotalol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is the monohydrochloride of sotalol. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
| oxymetazoline hydrochloride oxymetazoline hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar quantities of oxymetazoline and hydrogen chloride. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used to relieve nasal congestion. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | alpha-adrenergic agonist; nasal decongestant; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| dexfenfluramine Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | fenfluramine | appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| diphenidol hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| alprenolol hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| edoxudin [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | |
| 2-methoxyestradiol 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid | angiogenesis modulating agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 6-ketoestradiol [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 17 beta-estradiol hemisuccinate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| amizyl [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| naphthalimides Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | ||
| salicylhydroxamic acid [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | hydroxamic acid; phenols | antibacterial drug; EC 1.11.2.2 (myeloperoxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor; trypanocidal drug |
| 5-Methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | thiadiazoles | |
| synthalin a synthalin A: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. synthalin : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of decamethylenediguanidine with 2 mol eq. of hydrogen chloride.. synthalin A : A member of the class of guanidines that is decane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 10-positions. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | guanidines | hepatotoxic agent; hypoglycemic agent; nephrotoxin |
| fluphenazine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | phenothiazines | anticoronaviral agent |
| 1,7-phenanthroline [no description available] | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | phenanthroline | |
| triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms. | 3.29 | 6 | 0 | 1,2,3-triazole | |
| tryptamine monohydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2,4-diaminopyridine 4-amino-2-iminopyridine: structure in first source | 9.28 | 19 | 0 | diaminopyridine | |
| khellinone khellinone: a Kv1.3 potassium channel blocker | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dyclonine hydrochloride dyclonine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dyclonine. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | topical anaesthetic |
| guanidinoethane sulfonate [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | guanidines; organosulfonic acid; zwitterion | |
| 4-aminoquinoline [no description available] | 9.01 | 4 | 0 | ||
| clomipramine hydrochloride clomipramine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of clomipramine and hydrogen chloride. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug |
| amiloride hydrochloride amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate : A hydrate that is the dihydrate of amiloride hydrochloride. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrate | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
| prazosin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| mianserin hydrochloride mianserin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of mianserin, a tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | geroprotector |
| miconazole nitrate miconazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole nitrate. An antifungal used for the treatment of athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| econazole nitrate econazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole nitrate. Used to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| medetomidine Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE. | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | imidazoles | |
| fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162) | 2.99 | 4 | 0 | 2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose | |
| sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. | 7.5 | 2 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins | antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| lomefloxacin hydrochloride lomefloxacin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of lomefloxacin. It is administered by mouth to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used topically as eye drops for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, and as ear drops for the treatment of otitis externa and otitis media. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; photosensitizing agent |
| fenspiride hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nilverm [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| sanguinarine chloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ropinirole hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indoles | |
| selfotel selfotel: a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist; used to treat stroke-induced impairment | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
| budipine budipine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #6541 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| plasmenylserine plasmenylserine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. O-phospho-L-serine : The L-enantiomer of O-phosphoserine.. O-phosphoserine : A serine derivative that is serine substituted at the oxygen atom by a phosphono group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | O-phosphoserine | EC 1.4.7.1 [glutamate synthase (ferredoxin)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.49 (O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 5-aminovaleric acid hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 9-anthraldehyde [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| acefylline acefylline: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | |
| opromazine opromazine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in 9th ed, Merck Index, #6697 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | phenothiazines | |
| n-acetyltryptamine N-acetyltryptamine: antagonizes the melatonin-induced inhibition of dopamine release from retina; RN given refers to parent cpd. N-acetyltryptamine : A tryptamine compound having an acetyl substituent attached to the side-chain amino function. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; indoles | |
| 2-amino-5-bromopyridine [no description available] | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | ||
| tetrabutylammonium chloride tetra-n-butylammonium chloride: structure in first source. tetrabutylammonium chloride : An organic chloride salt comprising of a tetrabutylammonium cation and chloride anion. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt; tetrabutylammonium salt | |
| morpholinopropane sulfonic acid 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.2 at 20 degreeC. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | MOPS; morpholines; organosulfonic acid | |
| D-serine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | D-alpha-amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist |
| dihydroergotamine mesylate dihydroergotamine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergotamine, a semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine. Both the mesylate and the tartrate salts are used for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate salt | non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent |
| enrofloxacin Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent |
| cromakalim Cromakalim: A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352) | 5.89 | 32 | 0 | ||
| ranolazine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| atipamezole [no description available] | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | ||
| uk 68798 [no description available] | 3.61 | 9 | 0 | aromatic ether; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; potassium channel blocker |
| clobetasone butyrate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| masoprocol Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | nordihydroguaiaretic acid | antineoplastic agent; hypoglycemic agent; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite |
| loxapine succinate [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | succinate salt | geroprotector |
| guanfacine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | acetamides | geroprotector |
| pirenzepine dihydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| labetalol hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | salicylamides | |
| diflorasone diacetate diflorasone diacetate : The 17,21-diacetate derivative of diflorasone. It is used topically for its anti-inflammatory and antipruritic properties in the treatment of various skin disorders. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; acetate ester; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid | anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug |
| acecainide hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| loperamide hydrochloride loperamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining loperamide with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist |
| maprotiline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | anthracenes | |
| protoporphyrin ix, disodium salt [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hydroxyzine dihydrochloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| betamipron [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| suplatast tosilate [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| secnidazole [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; secondary alcohol | epitope |
| siguazodan [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | pyridazinone | |
| 3-octadecanamido-2-ethoxypropylphosphocholine 3-octadecanamido-2-ethoxypropylphosphocholine: anti-HIV agent; RN & structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hesperetin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| 4-o-methyl-12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phorbol-12,13-diacetate phorbol-12,13-diacetate: RN given refers to (1aR-(1a alpha,1b beta,4a beta,7a alpha,7b alpha,8 alpha,9 beta,9a alpha))-isomer | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| chelerythrine chloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| grepafloxacin grepafloxacin: structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolines; quinolone antibiotic | |
| 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethylamine 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethylamine: used to prepare derivatives of reducing oligosaccharides; structure given in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines | |
| tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 5-(n-methyl-n-isobutyl)amiloride 5-(N-methyl-N-isobutyl)amiloride: inhibitor of the Na+-H+ antiporter | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from anileridine and two molar equivalents of hydrogen chloride. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor |
| amperozide hydrochloride amperozide hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of amperozide. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | anxiolytic drug; dopamine uptake inhibitor; geroprotector; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gliclazide 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid: a gap junction inhibitor | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dauricine dauricine: RN given refers to parent cpd. dauricine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid resulting from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 4-{[(1R)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl]methyl}phenol by attachment of the phenolic oxygen of one molecule to the benzene ring of the second (ortho to the phenolic hydroxy group of the latter). | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines; phenols; tertiary amino compound | plant metabolite |
| ergocornine ergocornine: a component of ergotoxine; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ERGOLINES (75-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). ergocornine : Ergotaman bearing a hydroxy group at the 12' position, isopropyl groups at the 2' and 5'alpha positions, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ergot alkaloid | |
| agroclavine agroclavine: structure. agroclavine : An ergot alkaloid that is ergoline which contains a double bond between positions 8 and 9, and which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 6 and 8. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ergot alkaloid | |
| oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; oxazolidinone | metabolite |
| pramoxine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| s-methylisothiourea sulfate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-pyrrolidinopyridine [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| p-Aminobenzamidine dihydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine: histamine H1 receptor agonist inducing cross-tolerance to histamine; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | aminoalkylpyridine; primary amine | histamine agonist; metabolite |
| butyrylcholine chloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dimethylaminopropanol dimethylaminopropanol: dimethylamine precursor | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-benzylimidazole 1-benzylimidazole: inhibits human thromboxane synthetase | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| xylonidine xylonidine: alpha adrenoreceptor stimulation by above cpd mainly inhibits the release of mediator and/or the bronchoconstriction caused by moderate activation of sensory nerves; forced molting agent; structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-hydroxysuccinimide N-hydroxysuccinimide: structure | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| benzamidine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chloropyramine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-amino-2-methylquinoline 4-amino-2-methylquinoline: used to induce miniature endplate potentials | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 6-aminoindazole 6-aminoindazole: depresses gastric acid secretion; structure given in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | indazoles | |
| ethyl 3-amino-1h-pyrazole-4-carboxylate ethyl 3-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone: structure in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles | |
| biocytin biocytin : A monocarboxylic acid amide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of biotin with the N(6)-amino group of L-lysine. | 3.4 | 7 | 0 | azabicycloalkane; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-lysine derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thiabicycloalkane; ureas | mouse metabolite |
| ketorolac tromethamine Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organoammonium salt | analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor |
| clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic | antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,2-dibenzoyl-tert-butylhydrazine 1,2-dibenzoyl-tert-butylhydrazine: structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | bisacylhydrazine insecticide | |
| 3',5-dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid 3',5-dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid: structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-ethyl-8-methyl-2,8-diazaspiro(4,5)decane-1,3-dione 2-ethyl-8-methyl-2,8-diazaspiro(4,5)decane-1,3-dione: RN given refers to parent cpd | 4.45 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 5-aminoindazole [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methionine sulfoximine L-methionine sulfoximine : A methionine sulfoximine in which the amino group has S-stereochemistry. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-methionine derivative; methionine sulfoximine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | EC 6.3.1.2 (glutamate--ammonia ligase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
| tretazicar tretazicar: minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search AZIRIDINES (75-84) | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 3.94 | 13 | 0 | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| n-desmethylclobazam desmethylclobazam: major pharmacologically active metabolite of clobazam; structure in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| carbetapentane citrate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | carbonyl compound | |
| phentolamine mesylate [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| mephentermine sphinganine : A 2-aminooctadecane-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminooctadecane-1,3-diol | EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| oxybutynin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol: noradrenaline metabolite in mouse brain; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol : A tetrol composed of ethyleneglycol having a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at the 1-position. | 3.11 | 5 | 0 | catechols; tetrol | metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd | 3.37 | 7 | 0 | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
| gliquidone gliquidone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| 8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-amp 8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-AMP: lowers cAMP in heart & fat cells; cAMP-dependent kinase inhibitor. 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group. | 3.5 | 8 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound | protein kinase agonist |
| 2-methylhippuric acid 2-methylhippuric acid: urinary metabolite of o-xylene. o-methylhippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the ortho-methyl derivative of hippuric acid. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | N-acylglycine | metabolite |
| nimustine nimustine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining nimustine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antineoplastic agent |
| cordium bepridil hydrochloride monohydrate : The hydrochloride monohydrate of bepridril. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrate; hydrochloride | |
| L-2-aminoadipic acid L-2-aminoadipic acid : The L-enantiomer of 2-aminoadipic acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminoadipic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| prilocaine hydrochloride prilocaine hydrochloride : The monohydrochloride salt of prilocaine. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | local anaesthetic |
| adenosine 5'-methylenediphosphate [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside diphosphate analogue | |
| levobupivacaine Levobupivacaine: S-enantiomer of bupivacaine that is used as a local anesthetic and for regional nerve blocks, including EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA.. levobupivacaine : The (S)-(-)-enantiomer of bupivacaine. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide | adrenergic antagonist; amphiphile; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; local anaesthetic |
| meclizine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mor-14 N-methyldeoxynojirimycin: glucosidase inhibitor | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydroxypiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary amino compound | anti-HIV agent; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| melanotan-ii melanotan-II: synthetic cyclic heptapeptide, an analog of alpha-melanotropin (4,10); capable of stimulating melanin synthesis & promoting rapid tanning of skin; currently in trials for use in the prevention of sunlight-induced skin cancer | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| lopinavir [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide | anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
| 11-hydroxyprogesterone, (11alpha)-isomer 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 11alpha-hydroxy steroid that is pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 11. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid | |
| corynanthine Corynanthine: A stereoisomer of yohimbine. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | yohimban alkaloid | |
| brexanolone brexanolone: a mixture of allopregnanolone and sulfobutylether‐beta‐cyclodextrin for treatment of postpartum depression. brexanolone : A 3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has alpha-configuration. It is a metabolite of the sex hormone progesterone and used for the treatment of postpartum depression in women. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one | antidepressant; GABA modulator; human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative |
| malic acid, (r)-isomer (R)-malic acid : An optically active form of malic acid having (R)-configuration. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | malic acid | |
| 21-deoxycortisol 21-deoxycortisol: RN given refers to (11beta)-isomer; structure. 21-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is 17xi-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 11 and an alpha-hydroxy group at position 17. It is a marker of virilizing adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; deoxycortisol; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| estrone 3-methyl ether estrone 3-methyl ether: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| e-250 [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| rac-glycerol 1-monodecanoate rac-glycerol 1-monodecanoate: a monoglyceride of capric acid. 1-monodecanoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has decanoyl (capryl) as the acyl group.. rac-1-monodecanoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol composed of equal amounts of 3-decanoyl-sn-glycerol and 1-decanoyl-sn-glycerol. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | rac-1-monoacylglycerol | |
| nipecotic acid amide nipecotic acid amide: RN & N1 form 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. nipecotamide : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of nipecotic acid with ammonia. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | piperidinecarboxamide | |
| phenylisopropyladenosine [no description available] | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amine; benzenes; hydrocarbyladenosine; purine nucleoside; secondary amino compound | adenosine A1 receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent |
| levcromakalim [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzopyran | |
| hexamethonium chloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tachistin tachistin: a synthetic analog of dihydrotachysterol | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cortisol octanoate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| isovaline isovaline: RN given refers to parent cpd(L)-isomer | 7.48 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 6-(4-nitrobenzylthio)guanosine 6-(4-nitrobenzylthio)guanosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. (3-aminopropyl)phosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus of phosphonic acid is substituted by a 3-aminopropyl group. It is a partial agonist of GABAB receptors. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | phosphonic acids; primary amino compound; zwitterion | GABAB receptor agonist |
| armepavine [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 5'-n-methylcarboxamideadenosine 5'-N-methylcarboxamideadenosine: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine: potent & selective in vivo antagonist of adenosine analogs | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| zpck ZPCK: alkylates histidine residue at active center of bovine chymotrypsin | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fangchinoline fangchinoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; limacine is the (1'beta)-isomer; 7-O-demethyltetrandrine is the (1S,1'S)-isomer. fangchinoline : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is (1beta)- berbaman which has been substituted by methyl groups at the 2 and 2' positions, by methoxy groups at the 6, 6', and 12 positions, and by a hydroxy group at position 7. Isolated from Stephania tetrandra, it has been found to possess neuroprotective and anti-tumour activity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diphenylditelluride [no description available] | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | ||
| n-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate: heterobifunctional reagent | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n(6)-phenyladenosine [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | purine nucleoside | |
| tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta)-isomer | 3 | 4 | 0 | 21-hydroxy steroid | |
| n-methyladenosine N-methyladenosine: is a inhibitor of cell differentiation. N(6)-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | methyladenosine | |
| cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. | 10.27 | 53 | 0 | cobalt group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source | 4.44 | 22 | 0 | polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid | chelator |
| mizoribine [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | imidazoles | anticoronaviral agent |
| 1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane 1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer | 3.78 | 11 | 0 | ||
| enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-: A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.. DPDPE : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is a cyclic enkephalin analogue, having D-penicillaminyl residues located at positions 2 and 5, which form the heterocycle via a disulfide bond. | 2 | 1 | 0 | heterodetic cyclic peptide | delta-opioid receptor agonist |
| u 73122 1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | aromatic ether; aza-steroid; maleimides | EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor |
| 1,4-dihydropyridine [no description available] | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
| alphaxalone alphaxalone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha)-isomer; structure | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| sr141716 [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles | anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist |
| s-nitrosoglutathione [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | glutathione derivative; nitrosothio compound | bronchodilator agent; nitric oxide donor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; signalling molecule |
| bicuculline methiodide [no description available] | 3.96 | 13 | 0 | ||
| cp-55,940 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ecgonine methyl ester ecgonine methyl ester: major metabolite of cocaine; RN given refers to parent cpd (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer. ecgonine methyl ester : The O-debenzoyl analogue of cocaine. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid | analgesic; central nervous system depressant; metabolite; mouse metabolite; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug |
| vanoxerine vanoxerine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of vanoxerine with two equivalents of hydrogen chloride. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | dopamine uptake inhibitor |
| eudragit rs Eudragit RS: copolymer of acrylic & methacrylic acid esters & quaternary ammonium groups; used for microcapsules | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| u 74389f U 74389F: a 21-aminosteroid antioxidant (lazaroids); inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; structure in first source | 4 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cp 96345 CP 96345: structure given in first source; potent nonpeptide antagonist of the substance P (NK1) receptor; CP 96344 is enantiomer of CP 96345 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1h-imidazole 1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1H-imidazole: inhibits platelet aggregation & Ca2+ entry into platelets. SKF-96365 free base : An ether that is 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been substituted by a 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ether; imidazoles; monomethoxybenzene | TRP channel blocker |
| norverapamil norverapamil: N-demethylated active metabolite of verapamil; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in second source. norverapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-norverapamil. The major active metabolite of verapamil.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A secondary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; secondary amino compound | |
| chlorethylclonidine chlorethylclonidine: RN refers to 2-chloroethyl derivative | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| sr 48968 SR 48968: structure given in first source; neurokinin A antagonist; tachykinin receptor antagonist; SR 48965 is the inactive R-enantiomer of SR 48968 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fluo-3 Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | xanthene dye | fluorochrome |
| methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | beta-carbolines | |
| fpl 55712 FPL 55712: inhibitor of SRS-A and LTC4 and LTD4 receptors | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| paxilline paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer. paxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | diterpene alkaloid; enone; organic heterohexacyclic compound; terpenoid indole alkaloid; tertiary alcohol | anticonvulsant; Aspergillus metabolite; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; genotoxin; geroprotector; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; potassium channel blocker |
| indo-1 indo-1: structure given in first source | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | indoles | fluorochrome |
| pregnenolone sulfate pregnenolone sulfate: RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | steroid sulfate | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite |
| beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: isolated from brain tissue & urine; extremely potent displacer of diazepam from brain benzodiazepam receptors; structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | beta-carbolines | |
| fura-2-am fura-2-am: pentaester precursor of fura-2 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | ||
| u 69593 U 69593: selective ligand for opioid K-receptor. U69593 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of phenylacetic acid and the secodary amino group of (5R,7S,8S)-N-methyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-amine. | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine; organic heterobicyclic compound; oxaspiro compound | anti-inflammatory agent; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist |
| methyllycaconitine methyllycaconitine: natural toxin from seeds of Delphinium brownii; parasympathomimetic and mild nicotine antagonist; antagonist of alpha-conotoxin-MII sensitive presynaptic nicotinic receptors; potent insecticide; RN refers to (1alpha,4(S),6beta,14alpha,16beta)-isomer | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cv 3988 CV 3988: platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one 7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one: structure given in first source; RP 68651 is the inactive (3aS,7aS)-isomer; substance P antagonist | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bremazocine bremazocine: potent, log-acting opiate kappa-agonist & centrally acting analgesic; RN given refers to (2R)-isomer; structure given in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cgp 35348 CGP 35348: antagonizes both GABA-A and GABA-B receptors | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | ||
| beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | beta-carbolines | |
| methoctramine methoctramine: structure given in first source. methoctramine : A tetramine that is N,N'-bis(6-aminohexyl)octane-1,8-diamine where the primary amino groups both carry 2-methoxybenzyl substituents.. methoctramine tetrahydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining methoctramine with four molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | muscarinic antagonist |
| 1,1-dimethylheptyl-11-hydroxytetrahydrocannabinol HU 211: structure given in first source; HU 211 is active & HU 210 is inactive as canibinoids; functional N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blocker; RN given is for (6aS-trans)-isomer | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hypotaurine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aminosulfinic acid; zwitterion | human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| tryptoline tryptoline: neurotoxic factor that may be involved in development of Parkinson's disease; enzymatic prep from human brain converts tryptamine to tryptoline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | beta-carbolines | |
| afdx 116 otenzepad: cardioselective muscarinic receptor antagonist; structure given in first source | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| dihydrokainate [no description available] | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid | |
| gabazine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sr 95531 [no description available] | 3.84 | 11 | 0 | methoxybenzenes | |
| 5-hydroxypropafenone [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | phenols | |
| gamma-fagarine gamma-fagarine: active alkaloid of Chinese medicines from Dictamni radicis cortex (Rutaceae); structure given in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle | |
| 1,9-dideoxyforskolin [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | acetate ester; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound | plant metabolite |
| cl 218872 CL 218872: shows specific action on benzodiazepine receptors; structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | pyridazines; ring assembly | |
| betaxolol hydrochloride betaxolol hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of betaxolol. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
| catechin (+)-catechin monohydrate : The monohydrate of (+)-catechin. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrate | geroprotector |
| 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-(2-phthalimido)butyl)piperazine NAN 190 hydrobromide : A hydrobromide obtained by reaction of NAN 190 with one equivalent of hydrobromic acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrobromide | serotonergic antagonist |
| s-methylthiocitrulline S-methylthiocitrulline: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; structure in first source. S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline : An L-arginine derivative in which the guanidino NH2 group of L-arginine is replaced by a methylsufanyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | imidothiocarbamic ester; L-arginine derivative; L-ornithine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent |
| fingolimod hydrochloride Fingolimod Hydrochloride: A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.. fingolimod hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod). | 5.87 | 7 | 0 | hydrochloride | immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist |
| dihydrocapsaicin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | capsaicinoid | |
| 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine: a potent agonst of metabotropic glutamate receptors | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | alpha-amino acid | |
| Zearalanone [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | macrolide; resorcinols | |
| r 56865 R 56865: prevents electrical & mechanical signs of ouabain intoxication in guinea pig papillary muscle | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ml 9 [no description available] | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | ||
| parthenolide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | germacranolide | |
| benzamil [no description available] | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | guanidines; pyrazines | |
| kt 5823 KT 5823: indolocarbazole; activates human neutrophils & fails to inhibit cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation of vimentin. KT 5823 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of methyl (3R)-3-methoxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2S,3R,5R product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1-methyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; methyl ester; organic heterooctacyclic compound | EC 2.7.11.12 (cGMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor |
| 1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent |
| sr 140333 SR 140333: SR-140603 is the (R)-antipode of SR-140333; a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen. | 3.11 | 5 | 0 | ||
| tadalafil [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles; pyrazinopyridoindole | EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| 3',4'-dichlorobenzamil 3',4'-dichlorobenzamil: inhibits Na-Ca exchange in membrane vesicle & papillary muscle preparations from guinea pig heart | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | guanidines; pyrazines | |
| n-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine N-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | ||
| tanshinone tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | abietane diterpenoid | anticoronaviral agent |
| 1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane 1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane: structure given in first source; alkylthio acetic acid, non-beta-oxidizable | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | straight-chain fatty acid | |
| toosendanin [no description available] | 3.79 | 3 | 0 | ||
| 2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ifosfamide [no description available] | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3'-o-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate 3'-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate: purinergic receptors agonist; structure given in first source | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | purine ribonucleoside triphosphate | |
| paliperidone 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.. paliperidone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine; secondary alcohol | |
| 2-iodomelatonin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetamides | |
| butethamate citrate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| arcaine, sulfate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| asiatic acid [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; triol | angiogenesis modulating agent; metabolite |
| 7-methoxytacrine [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| efonidipine efonidipine : A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-efonidipine. It is a antihypertensive drug and a dual T-type and L-type calcium channel blocker.. 2-[benzyl(phenyl)amino]ethyl 5-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-[benzyl(phenyl)amino]ethanol. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; carboxylic ester; dihydropyridine; tertiary amino compound | |
| 4-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-butanol 4-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-butanol: structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | piperidines | |
| gr 113808 GR 113808: structure given in first source; a 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist: GR 125487 is the HCl salt. GR 113808 : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 1-methylindole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of N-{2-[4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}methanesulfonamide. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | indolyl carboxylate ester; piperidines; sulfonamide | serotonergic antagonist |
| gallopamil hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| gamma-glutamylaminomethylsulfonic acid [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| buthionine sulfoximine L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine : A 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid which has S-configuration. It is a inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and is capable of enhancing the apoptotic effects of several chemotherapeutic agents. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid | EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer |
| mosapride 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-({4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzoic acid with the amino group of 1-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methanamine. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | |
| deramciclane deramciclane: structure in first source; RN refers to (exo-EGYT 3886)-isomer | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| histamine dihydrochloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 293b cpd 6-cyano-4-(N-ethylsulfonyl-N-methylamino)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylchromane: RN given for (trans-(+-))-isomer | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | 1-benzopyran | |
| y 26763 Y 26763: structure given in first source; an active metabolite of Y 27152 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzopyran | |
| sb 204070a SB 204070A: structure given in first source; a selective 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ezogabine ezogabine: structure in first source. ezogabine : A substituted aniline that is benzene-1,2,4-triamine bearing ethoxycarbonyl and 4-fluorobenzyl substituents at positions N-1 and N-4 respectively. An anticonvulsant used to treat seizures associated with epilepsy in adults. | 3.11 | 5 | 0 | carbamate ester; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline | anticonvulsant; potassium channel modulator |
| egta acetoxymethyl ester EGTA acetoxymethyl ester: membrane-permeable form of EGTA | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 1-(2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine LY 165163: structure given in first source; a serotonin agonist. LY-165163 : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl and 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups at positions 1 and 4, respectively. It is a selective 5-HT1A serotonin receptor agonist and 5-HT1D serotonin receptor antagonist. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; primary arylamine; substituted aniline | geroprotector; serotonergic agonist |
| l 655240 L 655240: thromboxane and prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; RN given is for parent cpd | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | methylindole | |
| substance p (6-11) substance P (6-11): C-terminal hexapeptide of substance P | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| saclofen saclofen: GABA-A receptor antagonist | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| nifekalant hydrochloride [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | amine | |
| san 58035 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,3-dimethylbenzimidazoline-2-thione 1,3-dimethylbenzimidazoline-2-thione: structure given in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fullerene c60 Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | fullerene | geroprotector |
| myomodulin myomodulin: found in motor neuron B16 of Aplysia; amino acid sequence given in first source | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| n-(n-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine N-(N-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine: inhibits calcium-activated neutral protease; see also record for E-64; RN given refers to (2-S-(2alpha,3beta)(R*)-isomer) | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | leucine derivative | |
| speract speract: decapeptide associated with sea urchin eggs; activates spermatozoa | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| (3,4-dihydroxyphenylamino)-2-imidazoline (3,4-dihydroxyphenylamino)-2-imidazoline: potent agonist at dopamine receptors mediating neuronal inhibition; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in UD indicates phenyl-imino group | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 7,8-(methylenedioxy)-14-hydroxyberbane 7,8-(methylenedioxy)-14-hydroxyberbane: structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nnc 711 NNC 711: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| polytrimethylene carbonate trimethylene carbonate: structure in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hoe 694 3-methylsulfonyl-4-piperidinobenzoyl guanidine: structure given in first source; a potent inhibitor of the Na+/H+ exchanger | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cgp 28392 CGP 28392: partial calcium channel agonist; structure given in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate: structure given on p.19451 of first source. sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate : A crown compound that is 1,4,10-trioxa-7,13-diazacyclopentadecane in which the hydrogens of the amino groups at position 7 and 13 are replaced by 2-(2,4-dicarboxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-1-benzofuran-6-yl groups. It is a cell-impermeant fluorescent sodium indicator. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; aromatic ether; crown compound; tetracarboxylic acid | fluorochrome |
| 1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone 1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; differentiation-inducing factor; monomethoxybenzene; resorcinols | eukaryotic metabolite; signalling molecule |
| rmi 12330a RMI 12330A: adenyl cyclase inhibitor in rat liver; RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; NM refers to HCl, (cis)-isomer; structure | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-n,n-diethylbenzamide 4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide: a highly-selective, nonpeptide delta opioid receptor agonist; structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| n-cyano-n'-(2-nitroxyethyl)-3-pyridinecarboximidamide methanesulfonate N-cyano-N'-(2-nitroxyethyl)-3-pyridinecarboximidamide methanesulfonate: structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| zd 7288 ICI D2788: a sinoatrial node modulator; may be of use in treatment of ischaemic heart disease by increasing heart rate without impairing cardiac function | 3.64 | 9 | 0 | ||
| e 64 E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-) | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoamide; epoxy monocarboxylic acid; guanidines; L-leucine derivative; zwitterion | antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; protease inhibitor |
| neurokinin a(4-10), tyr(5)-trp(6,8,9)-lys(10)- neurokinin A(4-10), Tyr(5)-Trp(6,8,9)-Lys(10)-: tachykinin receptor antagonist | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| desloratadine desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | benzocycloheptapyridine | anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist |
| azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: activates neuronal metabotropic receptors; RN given refers to (trans-isomer); RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 10/93 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| w 7 [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pre 084 2-(4-morpholino)ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | morpholines | |
| methotrexate [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines | abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent |
| 1-(2-allylphenoxy)-3-((8-bromoacetylamino-4-menthane-1-yl)amino)-1-propanol 1-(2-allylphenoxy)-3-((8-bromoacetylamino-4-menthane-1-yl)amino)-1-propanol: irreversibly inactivates the dihydroalprenolol binding site; alprenolol analog; isopropylamino group of alprenolol replaced by 8-bromoacetylamino-1-amino-p-menthane moiety in the 1 position; structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3-(2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphate 3-(2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphate: a competitive NMDA antagonist; RN given refers to (+)-isomer | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ly 293558 tezampanel: structure given in first source; an AMPA receptor antagonist | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sdz 220-581 alpha-amino-2'-chloro-5-(phosphonomethyl)(1,1'-biphenyl)-3-propanoic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S)-isomer | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-n-butyl-3-(dimethylamino)-5,6-methylenedioxyindene 2-n-butyl-3-(dimethylamino)-5,6-methylenedioxyindene: affects calcium-induced arrhythmias; RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sr 2640 SR 2640: leukotriene D4 and E4 antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
| ym 16151-1 YM 16151-1: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-depropylpropafenone N-depropylpropafenone: propafenone metabolite; structure given in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sdz pco 400 SDZ PCO 400: a potassium channel opening drug | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzopyran | |
| ici 204448 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glutapyrone glutapyrone: a Latvian compound; exhibits significant antiepileptic effects; lacks calcium antagonistic properties characteristic of 1,4-dihydropyridine compounds | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| kn 04 KN 04: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-amino-1-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)piperidine hydrochloride 4-amino-1-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)piperidine hydrochloride: has high affinity and selectivity for 5-HT3 receptors; structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| way 123398 WAY 123398: structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cgp 52432 [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | |
| n,n-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide N,N-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide: binds with high affinity to glial mitochondrial diazepam binding inhibitor receptors & increases mitochondrial steroidogenesis | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | phenylindole | |
| 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl n-acetyltryptophan 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl N-acetyltryptophan: structure given in first source; substance P and neurokinin receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
| fim 1 fim 1: fluorescein-conjugated bis(indole)maleimide inhibitor of protein kinase C; can serve as useful fluorescent probe for protein kinase C | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-((4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl)oxy)propyl)-1-propylxanthine 8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-((4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl)oxy)propyl)-1-propylxanthine: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ns 1608 NS 1608: a BK(Ca) channel opener | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ureas | |
| sonepiprazole [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| l 741626 3-(4-(4-chlorophenyl-4-hydroxypiperidino)methyl)indole: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | piperidines | |
| 3-nitrobenzothiazolo(3,2-a)quinolinium 3-nitrobenzothiazolo(3,2-a)quinolinium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nisoxetine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | D-xylose | |
| ng-nitroarginine methyl ester N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor |
| tilarginine acetate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| alpha-guanidinoglutaric acid alpha-guanidinoglutaric acid: identified in the convulsive period of cobalt-induced seizures from cat cerebral cortex; RN given for cpd with unspecified guanidino-locant | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | L-glutamic acid derivative | |
| 3,4-dichloro-n-methyl-n-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-(+-)-isomer [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| imidazole-4-acetic acid hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| lf 14 LF 14: affects mammalian non-myelinated nerve fibers; structure given in first source | 3.21 | 6 | 0 | ||
| barucainide barucainide: structure given in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ym 872 YM 872: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nsc-141549 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| peptide elongation factor 2 Peptide Elongation Factor 2: Peptide Elongation Factor 2 catalyzes the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A site to the P site of eukaryotic ribosomes by a process linked to the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-aminopyridine methiodide [no description available] | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
| dichloro-1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum complex [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,4-di(2'-thienyl)-1,4-butadione 1,4-di(2'-thienyl)-1,4-butadione: structure given in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-chloro-2-deoxyglucose [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents. | 4.76 | 2 | 1 | aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antibacterial drug |
| 10-deacetylbaccatine iii 10-deacetylbaccatine III: structure given in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid | |
| idazoxan hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| isoguvacine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| kolaviron kolaviron: antihepatotoxic fraction of biflavonones from Garcinia kola seeds; phalloidine antagonist. kolaflavanone : A biflavonoid isolated from the seeds of Garcinia kola that has been shown to exhibit hepatoprotective activity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 4'-methoxyflavanones; biflavonoid; dihydroflavonols; ring assembly; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone | hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| 8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine 8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine: inhibitor of phosphodiesterase I | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | |
| hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species | |
| methyl 5-aminolevulinate hydrochloride methyl 5-aminolevulinate hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of methyl 5-aminolevulinate. A prodrug, it is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizer, and is used in the photodynamic treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (including basal cell carcinoma). Topical application results in an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the skin lesions to which the cream has been applied. Subsequent illumination with red light results in the generation of toxic singlet oxygen that destroys cell membranes and thereby kills the tumour cells. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; prodrug |
| antazoline phosphate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mdl 74156 hydrodolasetron: active metabolite of dolasetron | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | 2,6-diaminopurines | antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor |
| carbodiimides Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | carbodiimide | |
| Serotonin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | tryptamines | |
| n-phthaloylglutamic acid N-phthaloyl-L-glutamic acid : A glutamic acid derivative that is L-glutamic acid in which the two hydrogens on the amino group are substituted by a phthaloyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | L-glutamic acid derivative; phthalimides | |
| gamma-glutamylmethylamide gamma-glutamylmethylamide: RN refers to L-isomer | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine 1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ag 3-5 icilin: a cooling compound that activates TRPM8 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound | |
| phenaridine phenaridine: central analgesic, more powerful than morphine; synthesized in the USSR | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | ||
| 1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamino)propane [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-methyl-1,2-diphenylethylamine monohydrochloride FPL 12495: ARL-12495AA is the (S,R)-isomer, monohydrochloride; a remacemide metabolite; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ly 300164 talampanel: AMPA receptor antagonist | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | benzodioxoles | |
| tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylphosphonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetraphenylphosphonium : A polyatomic cation consisting of four phenyl groups attached to a central phosphonium. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | heteroorganic entity; phosphorus molecular entity; polyatomic cation | |
| pridinol mesylate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| rac 109 RAC 109: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-n-propylnorapomorphine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aporphine alkaloid | |
| urapidil monohydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| aminopterin Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid | EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; mutagen |
| azepexole, dihydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | biotins; vitamin B7 | coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V). | 4.2 | 17 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II | human metabolite |
| abt 980 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sk&f 75670 SK&F 75670: RN refers to HBr; N-methyl derivative of SK&F 38393 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3. | 7.88 | 60 | 1 | ||
| ly 97241 LY 97241: clofilium analog; blocks heart potassium channels; structure given in first source | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | ||
| esatenolol esatenolol : The (S)-enantiomer of atenolol. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | atenolol | beta-adrenergic antagonist |
| lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nbi 27914 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound | |
| sb 216763 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indoles; maleimides | |
| zm 241385 ZM 241385: a high affinity radioligand selective for the A2a adenosine receptor | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | diamino-1,3,5-triazine | |
| organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion | |
| dioclein dioclein: isolated from the plant Dioclea grandiflora | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| (R)-atenolol (R)-atenolol : The (R)-enantiomer of atenolol. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | atenolol | |
| memantine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist |
| u 54494a U 54494A: RN given refers to (trans)-isomer; structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| propargylglycine propargylglycine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | ||
| pefabloc [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| emd 60263 EMD 60263: a thiadiazinone derivative; a Ca+2 sensitizer devoid of any phosphorodiesterase inhibiting properties; EMD 60264 is an enantiomer of EMD 60263; structure given in second source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 8-tert-butyl-6,7-dihydropyrrolo(3,2-e)-5-methylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile 8-tert-butyl-6,7-dihydropyrrolo(3,2-e)-5-methylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile: structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pongidae [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| succinylproline [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| 4-aminobenzoylglutamic acid 4-aminobenzoylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamic acid : A dipeptide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the amino group of L-glutamic acid. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide; N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline | |
| latrepirdine latrepirdine: structure | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | methylpyridines; pyridoindole | geroprotector |
| cgp 54626 CGP 54626: RN given for (S-(R*,R*))-isomer | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sb 205384 SB 205384: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | thienopyridine | |
| 5-fluorotryptamine monohydrochloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hydrastine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | metabolite |
| piribedil mesylate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gabaculine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| etiron monohydrobromide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| serc [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| procyclidine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| dronedarone Dronedarone: A non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA.. dronedarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| zk 200775 ZK 200775: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bmy 7378 [no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ||
| vesamicol [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| (7R)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(14),15,17-trien-13-one [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | macrolide | |
| lacosamide Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| 2-amino-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole 2-amino-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole: structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| erythritol [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol | antioxidant; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| cortisone [no description available] | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| equilin Equilin: An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of four double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of euilin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid | |
| adrenosterone adrenosterone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene carrying three oxo-substituents at positions 3, 11 and 17. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid | androgen; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; marine metabolite |
| gossypol acetic acid [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| epinastine dexamethasone acetate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| sodium sulfide sodium sulfide: see also record for sodium bisulfide; actisoufre is the sodium sulfide component of sulfur-containing thermal springs which is also found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | ||
| benzatropine methanesulfonate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| propargylamine propargylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4',6-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone 4',6-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone : A dimethoxyflavone that is the 5,7-dimethyl ether derivative of scutellarein. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyflavone; dimethoxyflavone | |
| 2-hydroxyestradiol 2-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen; RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer. 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-hydroxy steroid | carcinogenic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug |
| medrysone [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| artisone acetate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| vincristine sulfate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic sulfate salt | antineoplastic agent; geroprotector |
| anisomycin Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | monohydroxypyrrolidine; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic | anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring. | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | ||
| chondocurine (1beta)-(+-)-isomer curine: structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| n-methylserotonin oxalate salt [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| acetylstrophanthidin acetylstrophanthidin: structure. acetylstrophanthidin : An acetate ester that is strophanidin acetylated at the 3beta-hydroxy group. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| tricaine tricaine: request from searcher; RN given refers to parent cpd. tricaine : A benzoate ester that is the ethyl ester of 3-aminobenzoic acid. Used (in the form of its methanesulfonate salt) as an anaesthetic for fish.. tricaine methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of tricaine with one molar equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. Used as an anaesthetic for fish. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate salt | general anaesthetic |
| nsc 95397 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-naphthoquinones | |
| 4-methoxyxanthone 4-methoxyxanthone: a vasodilator; structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| wortmannin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent |
| 2-methyl-N-[4-(propan-2-ylamino)phenyl]-2-propenamide [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | amine | |
| dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position. | 3.49 | 8 | 0 | ||
| methylmercuric chloride methylmercuric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | chlorine molecular entity; mercury coordination entity; one-carbon compound | |
| carboplatin [no description available] | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | ||
| lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | inorganic chloride; lithium salt | antimanic drug; geroprotector |
| bradykinin [no description available] | 3.26 | 6 | 0 | oligopeptide | human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| canavanine L-canavanine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group. Although structurally related to L-arginine, it is non-proteinogenic. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite |
| elastin [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 5-hydroxytryptophan hydroxytryptophan : A hydroxy-amino acid that is tryptophan substituted by at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position.. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan : The L-enantiomer of 5-hydroxytryptophan. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 5-hydroxytryptophan; amino acid zwitterion; hydroxy-L-tryptophan; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour. | 8.61 | 9 | 0 | heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone | oxytocic; vasodilator agent |
| inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin. | 3.6 | 9 | 0 | myo-inositol trisphosphate | mouse metabolite |
| ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus. | 4.96 | 38 | 0 | 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| mandelic acid, (s)-isomer [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | (2S)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; mandelic acid | |
| tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | alpha-chloroketone; sulfonamide | alkylating agent; serine proteinase inhibitor |
| monoiodotyrosine Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.. 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; L-tyrosine derivative; monoiodotyrosine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group. | 4.49 | 23 | 0 | guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
| willardiine willardiine: isolated from seeds of Acacia willariana; structure. 3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine : The 3-(uracil-1-yl) derivative of L-alanine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; L-alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
| cortodoxone Cortodoxone: 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.. 11-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | deoxycortisol; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position. | 9.25 | 18 | 0 | monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound | avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide |
| quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy. | 6.36 | 52 | 0 | cinchona alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker |
| monensin Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; polyether antibiotic; spiroketal | antifungal agent; coccidiostat; ionophore |
| digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | cardenolide glycoside | EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor |
| pancuronium Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant. | 4.33 | 6 | 0 | acetate ester; steroid ester | cholinergic antagonist; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist |
| acebutolol hydrochloride acebutolol hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of acebutolol, prepared using equimolar amounts of acebutolol and hydrogen chloride. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent |
| amiodarone hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| dicyclomine hydrochloride dicyclomine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dicyclomine. An anticholinergic, it is used to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist |
| metyrosine alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine : An L-tyrosine derivative that consists of L-tyrosine bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 2. An inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with pheochromocytoma. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | antihypertensive agent; EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor |
| nortriptyline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | organic tricyclic compound | geroprotector |
| paromomycin sulfate paromomycin sulfate : An aminoglycoside sulfate salt resulting from the treatment of paromomycin with sulfuric acid. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ryanodine Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa. | 4.48 | 23 | 0 | ||
| isopimaric acid isopimaric acid: isolated from the bark of Illicium jadifengpi | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | carbotricyclic compound; diterpenoid; monocarboxylic acid | |
| altholactone altholactone: structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | furopyran | |
| Dubinidine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle | |
| cyclopamine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | piperidines | glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor |
| s-(4-azidophenacyl)glutathione S-(4-azidophenacyl)glutathione: photoaffinity label deriv of glutathione; inhibits glyoxalase I (EC 4.4.1.5) | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | peptide | |
| bq 123 cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu): derived from the modification of a natural lead of BE-18257B, an endothelin A receptor antagonist; has neuroprotective activity; amino acid sequence given in first source | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | cyclic peptide | |
| hydroxylamine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| sb 228357 SB 228357: a neuroleptic with equivalent or higher antagonist affinity for 5-HT2 than for dopamine D2 receptor | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indolyl carboxylic acid | |
| cromakalim [no description available] | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | 1-benzopyran | |
| 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine : A glycine derivative that is L-alpha-phenylglycine substituted at positions 3 and 5 on the phenyl ring by hydroxy groups. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; resorcinols | |
| actinonin actinonin: natural hydroxamic acid, pseudopeptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces species; structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ergonovine Ergonovine: An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties.. ergometrine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is lysergamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl group (S-configuration). An ergot alkaloid that has a particularly powerful action on the uterus, its maleate (and formerly tartrate) salt is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ergot alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | diagnostic agent; fungal metabolite; oxytocic; toxin |
| difluprednate difluprednate: RN given refers to (6alpha,11beta)-isomer | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | butyrate ester; corticosteroid hormone | |
| dironyl dironyl: pronounced antifertility agent in rats; lactation suppressor in other species; serotonin antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| vinpocetine vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation | 3.56 | 8 | 0 | alkaloid | geroprotector |
| amcinonide amcinonide: structure | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; spiroketal | anti-inflammatory drug |
| flumethasone pivalate flumethasone pivalate: structure | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; pivalate ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug |
| dihydroergocristine monomesylate dihydroergocristine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergocristine. It has been used as the for the symptomatic treatment of mental deterioration associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency and in peripheral vascular disease. It is also a component of ergoloid mesylate (codergocrine mesilate), a mixture of ergot alkaloid derivatives that is used as a vasodilator and has shown mild benefits in the treatment of vascular dementia. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | methanesulfonate salt | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; geroprotector; vasodilator agent |
| maleic acid maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | butenedioic acid | algal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| trichostatin a trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal agent; hydroxamic acid; trichostatin | bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
| tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. | 3.13 | 5 | 0 | retinoic acid; vitamin A | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule |
| arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid. | 4.51 | 24 | 0 | icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid | Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| farnesol Farnesol: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesol : The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol.. farnesol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | farnesol | plant metabolite |
| resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration. | 3.54 | 8 | 0 | resveratrol | antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | retinol; vitamin A | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | octadec-9-enoic acid | antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent |
| tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | macrolide lactam | bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent |
| pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | D-galactopyranuronic acid | |
| cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca. | 3.51 | 8 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine: glutamate receptor antagonist. (S)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a 4-carboxyphenyl group (the S-enantiomer). It is a non-selective group I/group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonist. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist |
| thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations. | 3.4 | 7 | 0 | butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone | calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor |
| brivudine brivudine: anti-herpes agent | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol 5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol: estrogen receptor ligand; structure in first source. (R,R)-5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-2,8-chrysenediol : A carbotetracyclic compound that is 5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 8 and by ethyl groups at positions 5 and 11 (the 5R,11R-stereoisomer). It is an agonist of ER-alpha and antagonist of ER-beta receptors. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | carbotetracyclic compound; polyphenol | estrogen receptor agonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent |
| 2-amino-3-(5-tert-butyl-3-(phosphonomethoxy)-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid 2-amino-3-(5-tert-butyl-3-(phosphonomethoxy)-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| y 27632 Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | aromatic amide | |
| adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide) Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide | adenosine A1 receptor agonist; adenosine A2A receptor agonist; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer). | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | prostaglandins D | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | olefinic compound; polyphenol | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen |
| n-acetylmethionine N-acetylmethionine: RN given refers to L-isomer. N-acetylmethionine : A methionine derivative that is methionine in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | L-methionine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acetylmethionine | nutraceutical |
| histidyl-proline diketopiperazine cyclo(L-His-L-Pro) : A homodetic cyclic peptide resulting from the formal condensation of both the amino and acid groups of L-histidine with the acid and amino groups of L-proline. It is a metabolite of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide; homodetic cyclic peptide; imidazoles; pyrrolopyrazine | anti-inflammatory agent; dopamine uptake inhibitor; human blood serum metabolite |
| L-cycloserine L-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has S configuration. An antibiotic isolated from Erwinia uredovora. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one | anti-HIV agent; anticonvulsant; EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor |
| h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration. | 3.28 | 6 | 0 | N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide | |
| afimoxifene afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | phenols; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor antagonist; metabolite |
| 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phorbol-12,13-didecanoate phorbol-12,13-didecanoate: RN given refers to (1aR-(1a alpha,1b beta,4a beta,7a alpha,7b alpha,8 alpha,9 beta,9a alpha))-isomer | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| kt 5720 KT 5720: indolocarbazole; synthetic derivative of K 252a. KT 5720 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of hexyl (3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2R,3S,5S product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one. | 3.13 | 5 | 0 | carboxylic ester; gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol | EC 2.7.11.11 (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor |
| ketoconazole (2R,4S)-ketoconazole : A cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine which dioxolane moiety has (2R,4S)-configuration. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine | |
| purvalanol a 6-((3-chloro)anilino)-2-(isopropyl-2-hydroxyethylamino)-9-isopropylpurine: purvalanol A is the (1R)-isomer; | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | purvalanol | |
| dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015) | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | actinomycin | mutagen |
| aphidicolin Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | tetracyclic diterpenoid | antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; apoptosis inducer; Aspergillus metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite |
| azaserine Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic ester; diazo compound; L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | antifungal agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; glutamine antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite |
| melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent |
| enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties. | 3.49 | 8 | 0 | pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion | analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite |
| riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms). | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | flavin; vitamin B2 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| maltitol maltitol : An alpha-D-glucoside consisting of D-glucitol having an alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 4-position. Used as a sugar substitute. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | alpha-D-glucoside; glycosyl alditol | laxative; metabolite; sweetening agent |
| sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt | antacid; food anticaking agent |
| potassium acetate Potassium Acetate: A potassium salt used to replenish ELECTROLYTES, for restoration of WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, as well as a urinary and systemic alkalizer, which can be administered orally or by intravenous infusion. Formerly, it was used in DIURETICS and EXPECTORANTS.. potassium acetate : A potassium salt comprising equal numbers of potassium and acetate ions | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | potassium salt | food acidity regulator |
| norlevorphanol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug |
| amiridine amiridine: do not confuse with neuromedin | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | aminoquinoline | |
| ar-c239 AR-C239: structure given in first source; alpha(2B)-selective adrenoreceptor | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | piperazines | |
| artemisin [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| carbenoxolone sodium Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity. | 4.23 | 17 | 0 | triterpenoid | |
| dimethyl fumarate [no description available] | 4.42 | 3 | 0 | diester; enoate ester; methyl ester | antipsoriatic; immunomodulator |
| glycosides [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | chalcone | EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor |
| isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | isomethyleugenol | |
| piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide | food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene. | 3.29 | 6 | 0 | stilbene | |
| thermospine thermospine: structure given in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| isoliquiritigenin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | chalcones | antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; GABA modulator; geroprotector; metabolite; NMDA receptor antagonist |
| xanthohumol xanthohumol: from hop plant, Humulus lupulus. xanthohumol : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 6' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from Humulus lupulus, it induces apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma cells. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; chalcones; polyphenol | anti-HIV-1 agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.20 (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| dibenzylidene acetone dibenzylidene acetone: structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| alpha-cyanocinnamate alpha-cyanocinnamate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| rauwolscine Rauwolscine: A stereoisomer of yohimbine. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate | |
| cocaethylene cocaethylene: RN given refers to (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer; cocaine metabolite produced in vivo when cocaine and ethanol are taken together; as potent as cocaine in blocking uptake of the neurotransmitter dopamine synapses | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester | |
| cannabidiol Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4. | 2.97 | 1 | 0 | olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols | antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite |
| arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | vasopressin | cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen |
| gw9662 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide: pretreatment of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors with GW9662 results in the irreversible loss of ligand binding | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
| calmidazolium calmidazolium chloride : The organic choride salt of calmidazolium. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt | apoptosis inducer; calmodulin antagonist |
| 4-methoxy-1,3-dimethyl-6-thiophen-2-yl-8-cyclohepta[c]furanone [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | cycloheptafuran | |
| 5-[(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-3-furanyl)methoxy]-2-methyl-3-benzofurancarboxylic acid 2-methoxyethyl ester [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 2-methoxyethyl ester; benzofurans | |
| 5,6,7-trimethoxy-1-methyl-2-indolecarboxylic acid [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | indolyl carboxylic acid | |
| haplamine haplamine: isolated from Haplophyllum acutifolium; structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle | |
| tropisetron hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Reactive blue 2 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | anthraquinone | |
| xe 991, anthracenone 10,10-bis(4-pyridinylmethyl)-9(10H)-anthracenone: neurotransmitter release enhancer and potassium channel blocker; structure given in first source | 3.45 | 7 | 0 | anthracenes | |
| tram 34 TRAM 34: inhibits IKCa1; structure in first source | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| 5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2h-benzimidazol-2-one 5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one: stimulates Cl- secretion in the mouse jejunum | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | |
| quinidine sulfate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist |
| octotropine methylbromide octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diethylstilbestrol dipropionate diethylstilbestrol dipropionate: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| (1S,2R)-2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| glycerylphosphorylcholine choline alfoscerate : A member of the class of phosphocholines that is the choline ester of sn-glycero-3-phosphate. It is one of the major osmolyte in the renal medullary cells.. glycerophosphocholine : The glycerol phosphate ester of a phosphocholine. A nutrient with many different roles in human health. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | phosphocholines; sn-glycerol 3-phosphates | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; parasympatholytic; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| n-methylscopolamine nitrate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidinethione | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist |
| phenytoin sodium [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nsc 4347 NSC 4347: structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ipratropium bromide anhydrous [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 4-methoxy-N1,N3-bis(3-pyridinyl)benzene-1,3-dicarboxamide [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
| methamilane methiodide [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| physostigmine salicylate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | azaheterocycle salicylate salt; salicylates | |
| pilocarpine nitrate [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| r 59949 R 59949: diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine [no description available] | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | ||
| methylatropine nitrate [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 1-[1-oxo-2-[(4-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c][1]benzopyran-7-yl)oxy]ethyl]-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | coumarins | |
| prothionamide Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyridines | |
| 2-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazin-4-one [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | benzoxazine | |
| sesquiterpenes [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chlorprothixene Chlorprothixene: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.. (Z)-chlorprothixene : A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | chlorprothixene | |
| dienestrol Dienestrol: A synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen structurally related to stilbestrol. It is used, usually as the cream, in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms.. dienestrol : An olefinic compound that is hexa-2,4-diene substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methylthiouracil Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidone | |
| sb 366791 N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamanilide: a TRPV1 antagonist; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ag-213 tyrphostin 47: inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase activity of EGF-R both in vitro and in living cells; | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | catechols; polyphenol; resorcinols; stilbenol | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| bemesetron [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 5-(2-phenylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; thiadiazoles | |
| 4-methoxy-N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)benzamide [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
| (S)-(-)-pindolol [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | pindolol | |
| levosulpiride (S)-(-)-sulpiride : An optically active form of sulpiride having (S)-configuration. The active enantiomer of the racemic drug sulpiride. Selective D2-like dopamine antagonist (Ki values are ~ 0.015. ~ 0.013, 1, ~ 45 and ~ 77 muM at D2, D3, D4, D1 and D5 receptors respectively). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | sulpiride | antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist |
| caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | caffeic acid | geroprotector; mouse metabolite |
| 5-methyl-4-[(2-oxo-1-benzopyran-7-yl)oxymethyl]-2-furancarboxylic acid methyl ester [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | coumarins | |
| 2-(1,3-dioxo-2-isoindolyl)-N-(3-nitrophenyl)acetamide [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | phthalimides | |
| 4-fluorophenyl-L-alanine 4-fluorophenyl-L-alanine : A L-phenylalanine derivative that is L-phenylalanine in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a fluoro group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 4-fluorophenylalanine; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
| urocanic acid Urocanic Acid: 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.. urocanic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine.. trans-urocanic acid : A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has E configuration. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | urocanic acid | human metabolite |
| 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)ethanone [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid | antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-phenylethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | oxadiazole; ring assembly | |
| 3-(3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyranyl)propanoic acid [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | psoralens | |
| 1,6-dimethyl-3-(2-pyridinyl)pyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine-5,7-dione [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidotriazine | |
| flunarizine Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| thiothixene [no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | N-methylpiperazine | anticoronaviral agent |
| curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa. | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger |
| 9-hydroxy-4-[1-oxo-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-b]pyridin-5-one [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyridochromene | |
| 5-bromo-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid [3-(3-methylphenoxy)-4-oxo-1-benzopyran-7-yl] ester [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | chromones | |
| 5-methyl-4-[(3-methyl-6-oxo-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[c][1]benzopyran-1-yl)oxymethyl]-2-furancarboxylic acid [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | coumarins | |
| 4-methyl-3-(phenylmethyl)-7-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methoxy]-1-benzopyran-2-one [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | coumarins | |
| [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-quinolinyl]-(4-morpholinyl)methanone [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
| 5-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutoxy)-3,4,7-trimethyl-1-benzopyran-2-one [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | coumarins | |
| N-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-5-(2-nitrophenyl)-2-furancarboxamide [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; furans | |
| urb 597 cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3'-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester: a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor; structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls | |
| triethylammonium cation triethylammonium ion : An organoammonium cation having three ethyl substituents on the nitrogen atom. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ammonium ion derivative | |
| 2-(8-methoxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-1-quinolinyl)-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)acetamide [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
| N-[(6-methoxy-2-oxo-1H-quinolin-3-yl)methyl]-N-propan-2-yl-2-furancarboxamide [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
| cinnarizine Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine; olefinic compound | anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist |
| sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide | analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent |
| capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers. | 9.19 | 17 | 0 | capsaicinoid | non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
| zuclomiphene Zuclomiphene: The cis or (Z)-isomer of clomiphene. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| fluoxetine (S)-fluoxetine : An N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine that has S configuration. [The antidepressant drug fluoxetine is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine]. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine | antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| cysteine sulfinic acid 3-sulfino-L-alanine : The organosulfinic acid arising from oxidation of the sulfhydryl group of L-cysteine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organosulfinic acid; S-substituted L-cysteine | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; mouse metabolite |
| citralva citralva: citrus odourant | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| d-ap7 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oxazolone Oxazolone: Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 2-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| 1-cyclohexyl-3-(6-ethoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)urea [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | benzothiazoles | |
| N-[(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)methanamine [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | dimethoxybenzene | |
| 2-[[5-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethoxy]-4-oxo-2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-7-yl]oxy]acetic acid tert-butyl ester [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | flavones; tert-butyl ester | |
| ethylenethiourea Ethylenethiourea: A degradation product of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) fungicides. It has been found to be carcinogenic and to cause THYROID hyperplasia. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidines | |
| 2-thiopyridine 2-thiopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd. pyridine-2-thiol : Pyridine substituted at C-2 by a sulfanyl group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aryl thiol; pyridines | allergen; fluorescence quencher |
| (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| tacrine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | ||
| thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur. | 3.52 | 8 | 0 | one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas | antioxidant; chromophore |
| D-fructopyranose [no description available] | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose | sweetening agent |
| 4-bromotetramisole, oxalate (1:1), salt(s)-isomer [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| p-aminosalicylic acid monosodium salt [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope |
| 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| guanylthiourea Guanylthiourea: May protect against hypoxic damage; proposed for treatment of shock due to trauma or blood loss; also stimulates paretic gastrointestinal system. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mecysteine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester | |
| 4-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester, hydrochloride, (dl)-isomer [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| capsazepine capsazepine: modified capsaicin molecule; a capsaicin receptor antagonist. capsazepine : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist. | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | benzazepine; catechols; monochlorobenzenes; thioureas | capsaicin receptor antagonist |
| diphenyleneiodium chloride dibenziodolium chloride : An organic chloride salt having dibenziodolium as the counterion. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt | EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor; G-protein-coupled receptor agonist |
| azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, (cis)-isomer [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tamoxifen citrate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | citrate salt | angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent |
| tamoxifen [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride: structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nadp [no description available] | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
| pimagedine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Betaine Aldehyde Chloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium salt | |
| 2,4-dithiobiuret 2,4-dithiobiuret: structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyridines; thiocarboxamide | antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug |
| 2-(2-furanyl)-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| dihydrosamidine [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| N-(2-methoxycyclohexyl)-3,4-dimethylaniline [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | methylbenzene | |
| eskazine [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-ethyl-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolidine-3-thione [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | methylbenzene | |
| monastrol monastrol: stops mitosis by fostering formation of monopolar spindles; structure in first source. (S)-monastrol : An ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate that has S configuration.. monastrol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-monastrol.. ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate : A member of the class of thioureas that is 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1)-thione substituted by a 3-hydroxyphenyl group at position 4, an ethoxycarbonyl group at position 5, and a methyl group at position 6. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | enoate ester; ethyl ester; phenols; racemate; thioureas | antileishmanial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor |
| 2-[3-oxo-1-[[[oxo(thiophen-2-yl)methyl]amino]-sulfanylidenemethyl]-2-piperazinyl]acetic acid propan-2-yl ester [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | isopropyl ester; piperazines | |
| zeranol Zeranol: A non-steroidal estrogen analog. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | macrolide | |
| valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle | antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore |
| thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 6.96 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic |
| ranitidine Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; furans; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound | anti-ulcer drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; H2-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent |
| 4-diphenylacetoxy-n-methylpiperidine methiodide 4-DAMP methiodide : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by combining equimolar amounts of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine and iodomethane. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | iodide salt; quaternary ammonium salt | cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic antagonist |
| 6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine 6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine: an mGlu5 antagonist. 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine : A methylpyridine that coinsists of 2-methylp[yridine bearing an additional phenylethynyl group at position 6. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | acetylenic compound; methylpyridines | anxiolytic drug; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist |
| lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER. | 8.69 | 10 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
| cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants. | 3.47 | 8 | 0 | cobalt salt; inorganic chloride | allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator |
| monooctanoin monooctanoin: dissolution agent for retained cholesterol bile duct stones; RN in Chemline for octanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol, MF unknown: 11140-04-8; RN for octanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (1-monooctanoin): 502-54-5; RN in 9th CI Form Index for (+-)-1-monooctanoin: 19670-49-6. rac-1-monooctanoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-octanoyl-sn-glycerol and 3-octanoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monooctanoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has octanoyl as the acyl group. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 1-monoglyceride; octanoate ester; rac-1-monoacylglycerol | |
| almokalant almokalant: structure given in first source | 7.41 | 2 | 0 | ||
| quinine [no description available] | 5.48 | 65 | 0 | cinchona alkaloid | antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic |
| 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester [no description available] | 3.71 | 10 | 0 | ||
| rtki cpd RTKI cpd: preferentially inhibits human glioma cells expressing truncated rather than wild-type epidermal growth factor receptors | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol 1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol: RN & structure given in first source; RN not in Chemline 3/87 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glyceryl nonivamide N-(4-O-glycerol-3-methoxybenzyl)nonivamide: structure given in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 8-bromoguanosino-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate [no description available] | 2.79 | 3 | 0 | ||
| 2-chloro-n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-n-methyluronamide 2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thioperamide thioperamide: structure given in first source; histamine H3 receptor antagonist | 2 | 1 | 0 | primary aliphatic amine | |
| ee 581 EE 581: photosensitive azido derivative of tyrosine(3)-octreotide used to label the somatostatin receptor; amino acid sequence given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| u-50488 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer: A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21). U50488 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and the secondary amino group of (1R,2R)-N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexanamine | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine | analgesic; antitussive; calcium channel blocker; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist |
| ifetroban ifetroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a 7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane derivative | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid | |
| irampanel irampanel: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bp 897 BP 897: a dopamine D3 receptor agonist; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenecarboxamide | |
| trequinsin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| neboglamine neboglamine: potential memory enhancer | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| uk 66914 UK 66914: Class III antiarrhythmic agent; structure given in first source; RN from Toxlit | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| benzyltetrahydropalmatine [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| trimethoprim [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: A2 adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source. CGS-21680 : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and the hydrogen at position 2 on the adenine is replaced by a 4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino group. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | adenosines; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; monocarboxylic acid | adenosine A2A receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory agent |
| 4-hydroxy-1-[1-oxo-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)propyl]-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | peptide | |
| N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-3-ylmethyl)-2-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)acetamide [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | dimethoxybenzene | |
| 3-acetyl-6-methyl-1H-quinolin-4-one [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
| benzatropine methanesulfonate benzatropine mesylate : The methanesulfonate salt of benzatropine. An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sb 203186 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indolyl carboxylic acid | |
| 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline: structure given in first source; neuroprotectant for cerebral ischemia; AMPA receptor antagonist | 4.28 | 18 | 0 | naphthalenes; sulfonic acid derivative | |
| n-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-n'-(3-methyl-5-isothiazolyl)urea N-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-N'-(3-methyl-5-isothiazolyl)urea: a 5-HT(2B) receptor antagonist; structure given in first source. 1-(1-methylindol-5-yl)-3-(3-methyl-1,2-thiazol-5-yl)urea : A member of ther class of ureas that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens has been replaced by an N-methylindol-5-yl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen has been replaced by a 3-methyl-1,2-thiazol-5-yl group. It is a potent and selective antagonist for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B (5-HT2B) receptor. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-thiazoles; indoles; ureas | receptor modulator; serotonergic antagonist |
| ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3-(phenylthio)-1-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-propanone [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide | |
| 4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: an antinociceptive agent and metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; structure given in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gw 7647 GW 7647: a PPAR-alpha agonist; structure in first source. GW 7647 : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-(phenylsulfanyl)isobutyric acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at the para- position by a 3-aza-7-cyclohexylhept-1-yl group in which the nitrogen is acylated by a (cyclohexylamino)carbonyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; ureas | PPARalpha agonist |
| blister blebbistatin: structure in first source. blebbistatin : A pyrroloquinoline that is 1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3a, a methyl group at position 6 and a phenyl group at position 1. It acts as an inhibitor of ATPase activity of non-muscle myosin II. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; pyrroloquinoline; tertiary alcohol; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | inhibitor |
| ro 41-0960 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cgp 13501 CGP 13501: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| n-(2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-3-methoxybenzamide N-(2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-3-methoxybenzamide: dopamine D4 ligand; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mtt formazan MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chloramine-t chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | organic sodium salt | allergen; antifouling biocide; disinfectant |
| brl 15572 3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-ol : An N-alkylpiperazine that is 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine carrying a 3,3-diphenyl-2-hydroxyprop-1-yl group at position 4. A selective h5-HT1D antagonist, displaying 60-fold selectivity over h5-HT1B, and exhibiting little or no affinity for a range of other receptor types. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; secondary alcohol | geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist |
| mrs 1523 2,3-diethyl-4,5-dipropyl-6-phenylpyridine-3-thiocarboxylate-5-carboxylate: adenosine A3 receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool. | 5.54 | 68 | 0 | quinoxaline derivative | |
| N-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-9b-phenyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-a]isoindole-1-carboxamide [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidines | |
| Anthraniloyllycoctonine [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | diterpene alkaloid | |
| or486 OR486: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fg 9041 FG 9041: structure given in first source | 4.05 | 14 | 0 | quinoxaline derivative | |
| 6-nitro-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 6-nitro-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: a fluorescent chemosensor; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| iik7 IIK7: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sb 415286 3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; maleimides; monochlorobenzenes; phenols; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline | antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent |
| minoxidil sulfate ester minoxidil sulfate ester: metabolite of minoxidil; structure given in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dm 235 DM 235: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| jhw 015 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indolecarboxamide | |
| bw 723c86 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | tryptamines | |
| sc 560 SC560 : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-methoxyphenyl, trifluoromethyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups, respectively. Unlike many members of the diaryl heterocycle class of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, SC-560 is selective for COX-1. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; pyrazoles | angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| sodium borohydride sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; metal tetrahydridoborate | |
| N-[4-[(cyclohexylamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide | |
| sc-19220 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| le 300 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indoles | |
| 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1h-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide: a TGF-beta type I receptor kinase activity inhibitor | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; benzodioxoles; imidazoles; pyridines | EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor |
| rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene. | 2 | 1 | 0 | organic cation; xanthene dye | fluorochrome |
| 1-[3-[[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-4-methoxyphenyl]-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylic acid [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | harmala alkaloid | |
| ly 367265 LY 367265: a 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter inhibitor; a 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist; structure in first source. LY-367,265 : A fluoroindole that is 1H-indole in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 6 are replaced by 1-[2-(2,2-dioxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-2lambda(6)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[4,3,2-ij]quinolin-1(2H)-yl)ethyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is an inhibitor of the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter (Ki = 2.3 nM) and an antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) receptor (Ki = 0.81 nM). | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | dihydropyridine; fluoroindole; tertiary amino compound; thiadiazoloquinoline | antidepressant; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | ||
| diclofenac sodium Diclofenac Sodium: The sodium form of DICLOFENAC. It is used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.. diclofenac sodium : The sodium salt of diclofenac. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| cgp 7930 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)phenol: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1h-pyrazole 4,4',4''-(4-propylpyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol : A pyrazole that is 1H-pyrazole bearing three 4-hydroxyphenyl substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5 as well as a propyl substituent at position 4. Potent, subtype-selective estrogen receptor agonist (EC50 ~ 200 pM); displays 410-fold selectivity for ERalpha over ERbeta. Prevents ovariectomy-induced weight gain and loss of bone mineral density, and induces gene expression in the hypothalamus following systemic administration in vivo. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | phenols; pyrazoles | estrogen receptor agonist |
| sib 1757 SIB 1757: a selective mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4. | 5.83 | 9 | 0 | sphing-4-enine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| quercetin [no description available] | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins. | 3.61 | 9 | 0 | prostaglandins E | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic |
| dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor. | 3.37 | 7 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| biochanin a [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| prostaglandin b1 prostaglandin Bx: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; polymeric derivative of diketo-PGB1; mean MW 2,200. prostaglandin B1 : A member of the class of prostaglandins B that is prosta-8(12),13-dien-1-oic acid carrying oxo and hydroxy substituents at positions 9 and 15 respectively (the 13E,15S-stereoisomer). | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | prostaglandins B | human metabolite |
| acacetin 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone | anticonvulsant; plant metabolite |
| apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | trihydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| luteolin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |
| calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol | antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent |
| thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A | mouse metabolite |
| hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor |
| daphnetin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | |
| 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid: A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.. all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid : An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | fatty acid 20:3; long-chain fatty acid | fungal metabolite; human metabolite; nutraceutical |
| 6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | prostaglandins Falpha | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| prostaglandin f1 prostaglandin F1: was EN to PROSTAGLANDINS F (75-81); RN given refers to (9 alpha,11 alpha,13E,15S)-isomer | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | prostaglandins Falpha | human metabolite |
| genistein [no description available] | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic | antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite |
| pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen |
| timolol maleate (S)-timolol maleate : The maleic acid salt of the active (S)-enantiomer of timolol, comprising equimolar amounts of (S)-timolol and maleic acid. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | maleate salt | anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
| brompheniramine maleate brompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | maleate salt | anti-allergic agent |
| chlorpheniramine maleate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| clemastine fumarate clemastine fumarate : The fumaric acid salt of clemastine. An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | fumarate salt | anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist |
| methylergonovine maleate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ergoline alkaloid | geroprotector |
| astaxanthine astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | carotenol; carotenone | animal metabolite; anticoagulant; antioxidant; food colouring; plant metabolite |
| harman harman: a beta-carboline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. harman : An indole alkaloid fundamental parent with a structure of 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1. It has been isolated from the bark of Sickingia rubra, Symplocus racemosa, Passiflora incarnata, Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi and Tribulus terrestris, as well as from tobacco smoke. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | harmala alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid | anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| zearalenone Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | macrolide; resorcinols | fungal metabolite; mycoestrogen |
| hispidulin hispidulin : A monomethoxyflavone that is scutellarein methylated at position 6. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite |
| mangiferin shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | C-glycosyl compound; xanthones | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite |
| morin morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| myricetin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite |
| daidzein [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite |
| caffeic acid phenethyl ester phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alkyl caffeate ester | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiviral agent; immunomodulator; metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid. | 7.21 | 1 | 0 | rosmarinic acid | geroprotector; plant metabolite |
| rottlerin rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; benzenetriol; chromenol; enone; methyl ketone | anti-allergic agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; K-ATP channel agonist; metabolite |
| flupenthixol cis-flupenthixol : A flupenthixol in which the double bond adopts a cis-configuration. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | flupenthixol | dopaminergic antagonist |
| estriol 17-glucuronide [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | steroid saponin | |
| coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ubiquinones | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite |
| anandamide anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine. | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | endocannabinoid; N-acylethanolamine 20:4 | human blood serum metabolite; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent |
| l 683590 immunomycin: from Streptomyces hygroscopicus; structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ether; lactol; macrolide; secondary alcohol | antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent |
| n-oleoyldopamine N-oleoyldopamine: putative capsaicin receptor ligand; produces hyperalgesia; isolated from the brain. N-oleoyldopamine : A fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the amino group of dopamine. Synthesised in catecholaminergic neurons, it crosses the blood-brain barrier and might be considered as a carrier of dopamine into the brain. It is a transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor agonist. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | catechols; fatty amide; N-(fatty acyl)-dopamine; secondary carboxamide | TRPV1 agonist |
| cilnidipine [no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | 2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug |
| pheniramine maleate Naphcon A: tradename; contains above compounds; ophthalmic solution | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| tranilast tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide | anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent |
| 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells. | 4 | 14 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| 7,10,13,16-docosatetraenylethanolamide 7,10,13,16-docosatetraenylethanolamide: found in brain; binds to the cannabinoid receptor; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (ALL-Z)-isomer | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | N-acylethanolamine 22:4 | |
| trimipramine maleate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | maleate salt | antidepressant |
| 4-hydroxyestradiol 4-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen. 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 4. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 4-hydroxy steroid | metabolite |
| menatetrenone menaquinone-4 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 4 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | menaquinone | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; bone density conservation agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | retinoic acid | antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent |
| xylometazoline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| flunarizine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| ketotifen fumarate ketotifen fumarate : An organoammonium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of ketotifen(1+) and fumarate(1-) ions. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is a non-bronchodilator anti-asthmatic drug. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | organoammonium salt | anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist |
| dinoprost tromethamine [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride : The dihydrochloride salt of cis-flupenthixol. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | geroprotector |
| hydrocortisone valerate hydrocortisone valerate: used in treatment of atopic dermatitis; RN given refers to 11beta-isomer | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | cortisol ester; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; valerate ester | |
| prostaglandin f2 methyl ester prostaglandin F2 methyl ester: has ocular hypotensive effect; RN given refers to (5Z,9alpha,11alpha,13E,15S)-isomer | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | prostanoid | |
| oleylamide oleylamide: plastic additive; can cause contact urticaria; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer; a sleep inducing factor. aliphatic amide : A carboxamide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an aliphatic system.. oleamide : A fatty amide derived from oleic acid. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | primary fatty amide | human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| n-arachidonylglycine N-arachidonylglycine: structure in first source. N-arachidonoylglycine : Biologically active derivative of anandamide | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | fatty amide; N-acylglycine | |
| n-oleoylethanolamine N-oleoylethanolamine: ceramidase inhibitor. oleoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of oleic acid. The monounsaturated analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | endocannabinoid; N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine; N-acylethanolamine 18:1 | EC 3.5.1.23 (ceramidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist |
| cholesteryl oleate cholesteryl oleate: RN given refers to ((Z)-isomer). cholesteryl oleate : The (Z)-stereoisomer of cholesteryl octadec-9-enoate. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | CE(18:1); cholesteryl octadec-9-enoate | mouse metabolite |
| 2-bromoergocryptine mesylate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| codeine [no description available] | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic |
| cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | homodetic cyclic peptide | anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite |
| perhexiline maleate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| mepyramine maleate histosol: proprietary mixture of synthetic aromatic hydrocarbons forming an extremely nonpolar organic solvent | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ethisterone Ethisterone: 17 alpha-Hydroxypregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. A synthetic steroid hormone with progestational effects.. ethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 17beta hydrogen is replaced by an ethynyl group. Ethisterone was the first orally active progestin and is a metabolite of danazol. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol | drug metabolite; progestin |
| levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine. | 4.81 | 7 | 0 | pyrrolidin-2-ones | anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| nalmefene nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose. | 6.29 | 19 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist |
| sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol | antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor |
| topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine. | 7.98 | 4 | 0 | cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester | anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker |
| 6alpha-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol 6alpha-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol bearing an additional 6alpha-hydroxy substituent. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 6alpha-hydroxy steroid | |
| brefeldin a [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic | Penicillium metabolite |
| fenretinide Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; retinoid | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant |
| morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. | 4.33 | 20 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| oregon green 488 carboxylic acid [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | xanthene dye | epitope; fluorochrome |
| peridinin peridinin: structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid 4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid: RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source. arotinoid acid : A retinoid that consists of benzoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 2-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group. It is a synthetic retinoid that acts as a selective agonist for the retinoic acid receptors (RAR). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; naphthalenes; retinoid | antineoplastic agent; retinoic acid receptor agonist; teratogenic agent |
| l-2-(carboxypropyl)glycine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-methylthio-atp 2-methylthio-ATP: purinergic receptors agonist; relaxes mammalian gut preparations; structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-aminocrotonic acid [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| denopamine denopamine: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dimethoxybenzene | |
| desoximetasone Desoximetasone: A topical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in DERMATOSES, skin allergies, PSORIASIS, etc.. desoximetasone : Dexamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position is substituted by hydrogen. A synthetic corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders, including skin allergies and psoriasis. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug |
| dexmedetomidine [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | medetomidine | alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; non-narcotic analgesic; sedative |
| l 365260 L 365260: a CCK-B antagonist; structure given in first source; potent & selective CCK-B & gastrin receptor ligand; L 365260 and L 365346 are (R)- and (S)-stereoisomers, respectively | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| l 655,708 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
| mdl 100907 Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. Included under this heading are antagonists for one or more specific 5-HT2 receptor subtypes. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound | actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| ro 41-1049 Ro 41-1049: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| neurokinin a Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ciguatoxins Ciguatoxins: Polycyclic ethers produced by Gambierdiscus (DINOFLAGELLATES) from gambiertoxins, which are ingested by fish which in turn may be ingested by humans who are susceptible to the CIGUATERA POISONING.. ciguatoxin CTX1B : A ciguatoxin comprising a sequence of twelve trans-fused six-, seven-, eight- and nine-membered rings and a spiro-fused five-membered ring. A commonly encountered fish toxin.. ciguatoxin : Ciguatoxins are cyclic polyether toxins, derived from marine dinoflagellates, which are responsible for the symptoms of ciguatera poisoning. Ingestion of tropical and subtropical fin fish contaminated by ciguatoxins results in an illness characterised by neurological, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disorders. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ciguatoxin | metabolite |
| calyculin a calyculin A: RN given refers to (5S-(5alpha(2R*(1S*,3S*,4S*,5R*,6R*,7E,9E,11E,13Z),3R*),7beta(E(S*)),*beta,9alpha))-isomer | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sb 200646a [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| seglitide seglitide: more potent than somatostatin for inhibition of insulin, glucagon & growth hormone release; used experimentally in treatment of Alzheimer's disease; somatostatin receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sib 1893 SIB 1893: a selective mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| u-44619 thromboxane A2 agonist : An agonist that binds to and activates thromboxane A2 receptors. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| kn 62 KN 62: inhibitor of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | piperazines | |
| su 6656 SU 6656: a c-Src kinase inhibitor; used to probe growth signaling; structure in first source. SU6656 : A member of the class of oxindoles that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which the hydrogeh at position 5 has been replaced by a dimethylaminosulfonyl group and in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group has been replaced by a 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-indol-2-yl group. It is a specific inhibitor of Src family kinase. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| andrographolide [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol | anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| furazolidone [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tyrphostin ag 555 [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| tyrphostin ag-494 AG 494: tyrphostin that blocks Cdk2 activation; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tyrphostin b44 tyrphostin B44: inhibits protein kinases; an analog of tyrphostin B46; B44(+) is B50, and is the stereoisomer of B44(-) | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ag-490 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | catechols; enamide; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; secondary carboxamide | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; STAT3 inhibitor |
| ag 112 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ag 183 AG 183: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| semaxinib semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | olefinic compound; oxindoles; pyrroles | angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |
| nifuroxazide nifuroxazide: structure | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids | |
| 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavone viscosine: a GABA-A receptor agonist with anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activities; isolated from Dodonaea viscosa; structure in first source | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom | neurotoxin |
| butylidenephthalide butylidenephthalide: structure in first source. (Z)-3-butylidenephthalide : A gamma-lactone that is phthalide substituted by a butylidene group at position 3. Isolated from Ligusticum porteri, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | isobenzofuranone | |
| 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid: A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51) | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid: RN given is for cpd without isomeric designation; an arachidonate metabolite which stimulates neutrophils to mobilize Ca and promotes PMN degranulation responses | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine: adenosine antagonist. 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine : Caffeine substituted at its 8-position by an (E)-3-chlorostyryl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor |
| bay 11-7085 BAY11-7085 : A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [(E)-2-cyanoethenyl]sulfonyl and tert-butyl groups at position 1 and 4, respectively. It is an irreversible inhibitor of IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells (IC50 = 10 muM) and prevents the activation of NF-kappaB. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; nitrile; sulfone | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; NF-kappaB inhibitor |
| 8-hydroxy-11,12-epoxyeicosa-5,9,14-trienoic acid hepoxilin : Mono-hydroxy epoxy icosatrienoic acids which are generated along the 12-lipoxygenase pathway. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine: structure given in first source. 1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-5,5',6,6'-tetrachloroimidacarbocyanine : The cationic form of a C3 cyanine dye having 1,3-diethyl-5,6-dichloroindoleinine units at each end. | 2 | 1 | 0 | cyanine dye; indolium ion | fluorochrome |
| molsidomine [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion | antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| diamide Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | 1,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide) | |
| rg 13022 RG 13022: structure given in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110) | 4.16 | 16 | 0 | ||
| cinnamoyl chloride cinnamoyl chloride: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
| cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency. | 7.39 | 110 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
| barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous. | 7.8 | 166 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium | |
| triphenyltin triphenyltin: triphenyltin derivatives widely used as pesticides; all of first source is triphenyltin cpds | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| styrylquinoline styrylquinoline: structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 2-styrylquinoline | |
| rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells. | 9.28 | 19 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
| ethyl fumarate [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nomifensine maleate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom | |
| levorphanol Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62. | 3.98 | 14 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom | |
| thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot). | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | boron group element atom | |
| arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | metalloid atom; pnictogen | micronutrient |
| rolodine [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence. | 8.1 | 5 | 0 | cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene | antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic |
| dextrorphan Dextrorphan: Dextro form of levorphanol. It acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, among other effects, and has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. It is also a metabolite of DEXTROMETHORPHAN. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| nalbuphine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| methylazoxymethanol acetate Methylazoxymethanol Acetate: The aglycone of CYCASIN. It acts as a potent carcinogen and neurotoxin and inhibits hepatic DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | azoxy compound | |
| zimeldine Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385) | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | styrenes | |
| kavain [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | racemate | glycine receptor antagonist |
| isoalloxazine isoalloxazine: structure | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione | |
| veratrine Veratrine: A voltage-gated sodium channel activator. | 8.36 | 7 | 0 | alkaloid | |
| puerarin [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | C-glycosyl compound; isoflavonoid | |
| enalapril maleate enalapril maleate : The maleic acid salt of enalapril. It contains one molecule of maleic acid for each molecule of enalapril. Following oral administration, the ethyl ester group of enalapril is hydrolysed to afford the corresponding carboxylic acid, enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalapril is thus a prodrug for enalaprilat (which, unlike enalapril, is not absorbed by mouth), and its maleate is used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | maleate salt | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| trimebutine maleate salt [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | trihydroxybenzoic acid | |
| vinblastine sulfate [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| vincristine sulfate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3-(3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-7-yl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1-benzopyran-4-one [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | isoflavones | |
| (2R)-2-[[(2R,3R,4R)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-2-pyridinyl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutyl]amino]-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-5-(2,4-dioxo-1-pyrimidinyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-oxolanyl]acetic acid [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | peptide | |
| n-methylscopolamine bromide scopolamine methobromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ecdysterone Ecdysterone: A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE.. 20-hydroxyecdysone : An ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | 14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; ecdysteroid; phytoecdysteroid | animal metabolite; plant metabolite |
| fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-) | 3.55 | 2 | 0 | butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate | human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. | 4.2 | 6 | 0 | cysteinium | fundamental metabolite |
| thyronines Thyronines: A group of metabolites derived from THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms.. thyronine : A tyrosine derivative where the phenolic hydrogen of tyrosine is substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | thyronine | |
| silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086]. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom | |
| phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen | macronutrient |
| boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom | micronutrient |
| dextromethorphan hydrobromide dextromethorphan hydrobromide : The hydrobromide and monohydrate of the antitussive drug dextromethorphan. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrate; hydrobromide | |
| normorphine normorphine: RN given refers to (5 alpha,6 alpha)-isomer | 6.96 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| cinnamic anhydride cinnamic anhydride: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
| naloxone hydrochloride naloxone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of naloxone and hydrogen chloride. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist |
| s-trans,trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid farnesylthiosalicylic acid: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | sesquiterpenoid | |
| sulindac sulfone sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfone | apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor |
| norbinaltorphimine norbinaltorphimine: kappa opiate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| ici 118551 ICI 118551: RN given refers to (R*,R*)-(+-)-isomer; structure in first source; ICI 111581 is hydrochloride of ICI 118551. ICI 118551 : An indane substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a 3-(isopropylamino)-2-hydroxybutoxy group (the 2R,3S-diastereomer). | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; indanes; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic antagonist |
| naltrexone hydrochloride naltrexone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of oxycodone with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. it is a mu-opioid receptor antagonist that is used to treat alcohol dependence. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist |
| enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments. | 3.7 | 10 | 0 | ||
| lofepramine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiadicarbocyanine 3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiadicarbocyanine: potent inhibitor of endogenous respiration of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells; RN given refers to iodide; RN for parent cpd not in Chemline 10/24/83; structure | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| achatin i achatin I: neuroexcitatory tetrapeptide from Achatina fulica Ferussac (African giant snail); achatin-I has D-Phe residue; achatin-II has L-Phe | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole-3',5'-monophosphorothioate 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole-3',5'-monophosphorothioate: structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oxyhyponitrite oxyhyponitrite: nitrosating agent; structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent acid | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | ||
| guanabenz acetate [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | geroprotector |
| nylidrin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| triprolidine hydrochloride anhydrous triprolidine hydrochloride (anh.) : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of triprolidine and hydrogen chloride. Its monohydrate is used for the symptomatic relief of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | H1-receptor antagonist |
| phentolamine [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| famotidine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide | anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor |
| fenoterol fenoterol hydrobromide : The hydrobromide salt of fenoterol. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrobromide | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent |
| fendiline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tiapridex Tiapride Hydrochloride: A benzamide derivative that is used as a dopamine antagonist. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzamides | |
| quipazine maleate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-(2-aminoethyl)-4-chlorobenzamide hydrochloride Ro 16-6491: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nab-365 clenbuterol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of clenbuterol. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent |
| tulobuterol hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| hp 029 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bafilomycin a [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| resiniferatoxin resiniferatoxin: phorbol related diterpene ester; potent agonist of vanilloid TRPV1 receptors. resiniferatoxin : A heteropentacyclic compound found in Euphorbia poissonii with molecular formula C37H40O9. It is an agonist of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1). | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | carboxylic ester; diterpenoid; enone; monomethoxybenzene; organic heteropentacyclic compound; ortho ester; phenols; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | analgesic; neurotoxin; plant metabolite; TRPV1 agonist |
| dithiazanine iodide [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | benzothiazoles; organic iodide salt | anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome |
| 4-(4-diethylaminostyryl)-n-methylpyridinium 4-(4-diethylaminostyryl)-N-methylpyridinium: fluorescent probe; structure given in first source. 4-(4-diethylaminostyryl)-1-methylpyridinium iodide : An organic iodide salt consisting of pyridinium iodide having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 4-diethylaminostyryl substituent at the 4-position. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organic iodide salt; pyridinium salt | fluorochrome |
| carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | cyanine dye; organic iodide salt | fluorochrome |
| nw 1029 Ralfinamide: Sodium Channel Blocker; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-(4-dihexadecylaminostyryl)-n-methylpyridium 4-(4-dihexadecylaminostyryl)-N-methylpyridium: RN refers to iodide. 4-(4-dihexadecylaminostyryl)-N-methylpyridium : A pyridinium cation with a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 4-(dihexadecylamino)styryl substituent at the 4-position. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | pyridinium ion; tertiary amine | fluorochrome |
| n,n,n-trimethyl-1-(4-stilbenoxy)-2-propylammonium iodide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2h-pyran-2-one 6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2H-pyran-2-one: structure given in first source; potent irreversible, mechanism-based inhibitor of myocardial calcium-independent phospholipase A2 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes | |
| cgp 37849 2-amino-4-methyl-5-phosphono-3-pentenoic acid: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; CGP-40116 is the (R)-enantiomer of CGP-37849; CGP-40017 is the L-isomer | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nf023 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nf 449 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bisabolol bisabolol: monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol with strong bacteriocidal effects, especilly against M. Tuberc.; isolated from seed plant Populus tacamacaha; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric desigation | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 7-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport. | 4.44 | 22 | 0 | ||
| gr 46611 GR 46611: known to lower body temperature in guinea pigs | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| am-356 methanandamide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (all-Z)-(+-)-isomer | 2 | 1 | 0 | fatty amide | |
| mastoparan [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | mastoparans; peptidyl amide | antimicrobial agent |
| tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels. | 10.22 | 358 | 0 | azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid | animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
| germanium Germanium: A rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom | |
| triphenyltin hydroxide fentin hydroxide : An organotin compound that is triphenylstannane in which the hydrogen attached to tin is replaced by a hydroxy group. A fungicide used to control a variety of infections including blight on potatoes, leaf spot on sugar beet and alternaria blight on carrots. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine: RN given in first source; RN refers to ion(1-); do not confuse with DEA-NO cpd | 2 | 1 | 0 | organic anion | |
| 3-aminopropylphosphinic acid 3-aminopropylphosphinic acid: structure given in first source; selective GABA receptor agonist | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diacetylmonoxime diacetylmonoxime: used diagnostically for determining urea in blood; structure; myosin ATPase antagonist. diacetylmonoxime : A ketoxime obtained via formal condensation of butane-2,3-dione with hydroxylamine. It is a reversible myosin ATPase inhibitor. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | ||
| sinequan [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | dibenzooxazepine | |
| homatropine hydrobromide, (endo-(+-)-isomer) [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| buflomedil hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| vancomycin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| moxisylyte hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
| dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid. | 5.6 | 23 | 0 | maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant | anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist |
| beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate: RN given refers to unspecified fumarate | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methylazoxymethanol methylazoxymethanol: a neuroteratogen; reacts with guanine residues of DNA & RNA forming 7-methylguanine adduct products; carcinogenicity probably related to biological decomposition into methyldiazonium ion, the ultimate methylating agent; structure in first source | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | azoxy compound | |
| flupirtine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| zimelidine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bafilomycin a1 bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus. | 3.81 | 11 | 0 | cyclic hemiketal; macrolide antibiotic; oxanes | apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; fungicide; potassium ionophore; toxin |
| himbacine himbacine: muscarine receptor antagonist; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha,3aalpha,4beta(1E,2(2R*,6S*)),4abeta,8aalpha,9aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source. himbacine : A piperidine alkaloid that is decahydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-1(3H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a 2-[(2R,6S)-1,6-dimethylpiperidin-2-yl]ethenyl group at position 4. It has been isolated from the bark of Australian magnolias. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | gamma-lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound; piperidine alkaloid | muscarinic antagonist |
| 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 1,2-diglyceride | |
| 3-(2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)-1-propenyl-1-phosphonic acid SDZ EAA 494: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lumefantrine Lumefantrine: A fluorene derivative that is used in combination with ARTEMETHER for the treatment of MALARIA (see ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE DRUG COMBINATION).. lumefantrine : A member of the class of fluorenes that is 9-(p-chlorobenzylidene)-9H-fluorene which is substitutec by chlorine at positions 2 and 7, and by a 2-(dibutylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group at position 4. An antimalarial drug used in combination with artemether for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | fluorenes; monochlorobenzenes; secondary alcohol; tertiary amine | antimalarial |
| bis(1,3-dibutylbarbiturate)trimethine oxonol bis(1,3-dibutylbarbiturate)trimethine oxonol: fluorescent probe for membrane potentials | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ww-781 WW-781: used to measure action potential propagation in the heart | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-amino-5-phosphono-3-pentenoic acid 2-amino-5-phosphono-3-pentenoic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (Z-(+-))-isomer | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| riligustilide riligustilide: isolated from Angelica sinensis; structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione, (17z)-isomer [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| su 4312 SU4312 : A member of the class of oxindoles that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group has been replaced by a p-(dimethylamino)phenyl group. SU 4312 is a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor protein tyrosine kinase 1/2 and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor inhibitor. It also inhibits the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and exhibits neuroprotection against NO-mediated neurotoxicity. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dirithromycin [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic | prodrug |
| fm1 43 FM1 43: labels motor nerve terminals in an activity-dependent fashion that involves dye uptake by synaptic vesicles that are recycling; structure given in second source | 2 | 1 | 0 | organic bromide salt; pyridinium salt; quaternary ammonium salt; tertiary amine | fluorochrome |
| gw 1929 GW 1929: activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzophenones | |
| linogliride linogliride: structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ergot alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide | serotonergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| beta-escin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fluphenazine [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| homochlorocyclizine monohydrochloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| butoxamine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| scopolamine hydrobromide scopolamine hydrobromide (anhydrous) : A hydrobromide that is obtained by reaction of scopolamine with hydrogen bromide. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| protriptyline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | antidepressant |
| emetine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n(4)-chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-(3-(cyclohexylidene-(1h-imidazol-4-ylmethyl))phenyl)ethanesulfonamide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-(4-amino-2-chlorophenyl)phthalimide N-(4-amino-2-chlorophenyl)phthalimide: has anticonvulsant activity; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cb 34 CB 34: ligand for peripheral benzodiazepine receptors; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| b 43 RK-24466 : A member of the class of pyrrolopyrimidines that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by amino, 4-phenoxyphenyl, and cyclopentyl groups at positions 4, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of Lck that inhibits Lck (64-509) and LckCD isoforms (IC50 of less than 1 and 2 nM, respectively). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; aromatic ether; cyclopentanes; primary amino compound; pyrrolopyrimidine | EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
| (8R)-7-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-2,13,14-triol [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aporphine alkaloid | |
| (8R)-7-propyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-2,13,14-triol [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aporphine alkaloid | |
| 3-(6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo(3.2.1)octane 3-(6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo(3.2.1)octane: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-(3,3-diphenylpropylamino)acetamide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| 4-(2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio)-2,6-difluorophenoxyacetamide 4-(2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio)-2,6-difluorophenoxyacetamide: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gw2974 GW2974: quinazoline derivative, which is able to block the activation of both the EGFR and erbB2 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | pyridopyrimidine | |
| l 162313 L 162313: a biphenylimidazole derivative; a non-peptide angiotensin agonist; no further information available 2/95 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| l-165041 4-(3-(2-propyl-3-hydroxy-4-acetyl)phenoxy)propyloxyphenoxy acetic acid: a PPAR-delta agonist has regulatory effects on a variety of adipokines, and these effects might explain some of their metabolic function. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| mrs 1754 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | |
| s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | nitroso compound; nitrosothio compound | nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| pd 404182 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sb 222200 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
| dantrolene sodium dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cr 2945 CR 2945: a member of non-peptide CCKB receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| am 404 [no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | anilide | |
| sb 218795 SB 218795: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
| dihydroceramide N-acetylsphinganine : A dihydroceramide in which the ceramide acyl group is specified as acetyl. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-acylsphinganine | |
| epinephrine bitartrate [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| bicuculline methobromide [no description available] | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | ||
| 6 beta-hydroxycortisol 6 beta-hydroxycortisol: RN given refers to the (6beta,11beta)-isomer; see also record for 6 alpha-hydrocortisol. 6beta-hydroxycortisol : A C21-steroid that is cortisol bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position. In humans, it is produced as a metabolite of cortisol by cytochrome p450-3A4 (CYP3A4, an important enzyme involved in the metabolism of a variety of exogenous and endogenous compounds) and can be used to detect moderate and potent CYP3A4 inhibition in vivo. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; 6beta-hydroxy steroid; C21-steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mammalian metabolite; probe |
| butylscopolammonium bromide Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| androst-16-en-3-one androst-16-en-3-one: boar taint steroid; RN given refers to (5alpha)-isomer. 5alpha-androst-16-en-3-one : An androstanoid that is 5alpha-androst-16-ene substituted by an oxo group at position 3. It is a steroid pheromone found in high concentrations in the saliva of male pigs,. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo steroid; androstanoid | mammalian metabolite; pheromone |
| butaclamol hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| dihydroouabain [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | cardenolide glycoside | EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; radiosensitizing agent |
| LSM-6455 [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | peptide ergot alkaloid | |
| estradiol 17-acetate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706) | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | gadolinium coordination entity | MRI contrast agent |
| ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound | |
| adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate: RP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A inhibitor; SP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A agonist. (Sp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).. (Rp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Rp-stereoisomer). | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate | |
| sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes. | 4.25 | 18 | 0 | cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid | calcium ionophore; metabolite |
| a 38503 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sk&f 89976-a [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cv 1808 2-phenylaminoadenosine: has coronary & cardiohemodynamic effects | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | purine nucleoside | |
| lu 208075 ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| bay 44-4400 Bay 44-4400: a semisynthetic derivative of anthelminitic cyclodepsipeptide; PF1022A. emodepside : A cyclooctadepsipeptide consisting of D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, 3-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, 3-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-D-lactoyl, and N-methyl-L-leucyl residues joined in sequence to give a 24-membered macrocycle. An anthelmintic, it is used with praziquantel for the treatment and control of hookworm, roundworm and tapeworm infections in cats. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | cyclooctadepsipeptide; semisynthetic derivative | antinematodal drug |
| isoborneol isoborneol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | borneol | |
| staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine. | 4.26 | 18 | 0 | ammonium ion derivative | |
| n-(4-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2-(6-phenylpyridazin-3-ylthio)acetamide N-(4-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2-(6-phenylpyridazin-3-ylthio)acetamide: a KCC2 cotransporter antagonist | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | pyridazines; ring assembly | |
| (3aR,6aR)-5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-[oxo(2-pyrazinyl)methyl]-3a,6a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole-4,6-dione [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyrrolidines | |
| phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | phosphagen; phosphoamino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| bis(7)-tacrine [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | secondary amino compound | apoptosis inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent |
| fluvoxamine maleate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes | |
| formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| azimilide azimilide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrochloride | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | |
| naloxone benzoylhydrazone [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained by reaction of 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | anxiolytic drug; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist |
| 2-hydroxy-9-cis-octadecenoic acid 2-hydroxy-9-cis-octadecenoic acid: designed to modify the lipid organization of the membrane. 2-hydroxyoleic acid : A 2-hydroxy fatty acid that is oleic acid which carries a hydroxy group at position 2. It is an orally bioavailable synthetic hydroxylated fatty acid which modulates the lipid content of cancer cell membranes and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxy fatty acid; hydroxy monounsaturated fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid | antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer |
| amiprilose [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| (R)-fluoxetine hydrochloride (R)-fluoxetine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (R)-fluoxetine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| ave 0118 [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| plitidepsin plitidepsin: a cyclodepsipeptide isolated from Aplidium albicans; has a pyruvoyl-proline residue instead of the lactyl-proline residue found in the linear peptide moiety of didemnin B. plitidepsin : A didemnin that is didemin B in which the hydroxy group of the 1-(2-hydroxypropanoyl)-L-prolinamide moiety has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. It was originally isolated from the Mediterranean tunicate Aplidium albicans. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | didemnin | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; marine metabolite |
| kb r7943 2-(2-(4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)isothiourea methanesulfonate: inhibits the reverse mode of Na+/Ca++ exchange in cells expressing NCX1; structure in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glg-v 13 GLG-V 13: a class III antiarrhythmic agent; structure given in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| n(6)-cyclohexyladenosine N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine: structure given in first source; receptors, purinergic P1 agonist | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | ||
| brl 37344 BRL 37344: SB 206606 is the (R,R)-isomer | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | |
| kw 7158 KW 7158: an afferent nerve inhibitor | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| desmethylselegiline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3-morpholino-sydnonimine monohydrochloride [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| tram 39 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2,2-diphenyl acetonitrile: an intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel blocker | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| t 1032 T 1032: a cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| qx-314 bromide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| (S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride (S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (S)-fluoxetine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| hmr 1556 HMR 1556: an I(Ks) channel blocker; structure in first source | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| sr 59230a 3-(2-ethylphenoxy)-1-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth-1-ylamino)-2-propanol oxalate: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| u 74389g [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| shu 9119 SHU 9119: an agouti mimetic; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| y 27632, dihydrochloride, (4(r)-trans)-isomer [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| perampanel perampanel : A member of the class of bipyridines that is 2,3'-bipyridin-6'-one substituted at positions 1' and 5' by phenyl and 2-cyanophenyl groups respectively. Used as an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients with epilepsy. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bipyridines; nitrile; pyridone | AMPA receptor antagonist; anticonvulsant |
| n-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2h)-carboxamide N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2H)-carboxamide: a vanilloid receptor 1 antagonist and analgesic; structure in first source | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | piperazines; pyridines | |
| noscapine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| seletracetam Seletracetam: Antiepileptic Agent; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| a 77636 (1R,3S)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroisochromene-5,6-diol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained by mixing equimolar amounts of (1R,3S)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroisochromene-5,6-diol with hydrochloric acid. Potent and selective dopamine D1-like receptor agonist (pEC50 values are 8.97 and < 5 for D1-like and D2-like receptors respectively). Displays anti-Parkinsonian activity following oral administration in vivo. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist |
| cgp 55845a CGP 55845A: GABA-B receptor antagonist; RN refers to cpd with no isomeric designation; CGP 55845 is the (1S,2S)-isomer | 3.96 | 13 | 0 | ||
| g(m1) ganglioside G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage. | 4 | 1 | 0 | alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine; sialotetraosylceramide | |
| cgp 20712a CGP 20712A: structure given in first source; CGP 26505, a beta1-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, is the (S)-isomer of CGP 20712A | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bicuculline methochloride bicuculline methochloride: guaternary analog of bicuculline; specific GABA antagonist in spinal cord; structure | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| arl-67156 6-N,N-diethyl-beta,gamma-dibromomethylene-D-ATP: an inhibitor of ecto-ATPase | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fmrfamide FMRFamide: A molluscan neuroactive peptide which induces a fast excitatory depolarizing response due to direct activation of amiloride-sensitive SODIUM CHANNELS. (From Nature 1995; 378(6558): 730-3) | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | ||
| levodopa methyl ester hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ns 1643 1,3-bis(2-hydroxy-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)urea: an antiarrhythmic agent that activates HERG channels; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| benalfocin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dibudipine dibudipine: structure in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| lu 19005 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| benoxathian hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ((2-n-butyl-6,7-dichloro-2-cyclopentyl-2,3-dihydro-1-oxo-1h-inden-5-yl)oxy)acetic acid, (+)-isomer [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-cyclopropyl adenosine-5'-carboxamide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mebudipine mebudipine: structure in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cj 033466 CJ 033466: structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| kmup 1 KMUP 1: a potassium channel opener and stimulator of the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway; structure in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms. | 4.27 | 18 | 0 | ||
| cefotaxime sodium [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| ly 341495 LY 341495: structure in first source | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 4-aminopyridine-3-methanol 4-aminopyridine-3-methanol: structure in first source. 4-aminopyridine-3-methanol : An aminopyridine that is 4-aminopyridine which is substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a potassium channel blocker which restores axonal conduction after spinal cord injury. | 2.55 | 2 | 0 | aminopyridine; aromatic amine; aromatic primary alcohol | potassium channel blocker |
| buccalin buccalin: colocalized with the small cardioactive peptides to neuron B15; bioactive at the ARC neuromuscular junction | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| calpain inhibitor iii calpain inhibitor III: potential anticataract drug | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phenylnitrene [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium: structure in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| brimonidine tartrate Brimonidine Tartrate: A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | ||
| rh 414 RH 414: voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ||
| nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | nystatins | |
| GR 127935 hydrochloride GR 127935 hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of GR 127935 with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Potent and selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist (pKi values are 8.5 for both guinea pig 5-HT1D and rat 5-HT1B receptors). Displays > 100-fold selectivity over 5HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptors and other receptor types. Centrally active following oral administration. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | serotonergic antagonist |
| mrs 1845 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| veratridine Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal. | 6.08 | 39 | 0 | ||
| correolide correolide: from Costa Rican tree, Spachea correae; selectively inhibits voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 in human T lymphocytes by membrane depolarization | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | hydroxy steroid | |
| 2-(n-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose: fluorescent probe for glucose uptake activity in E coli; structure given in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| avermectin b2a avermectin B2a: RN given refers to avermectin B2a | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | oligosaccharide | |
| technetium tc 99m exametazime Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime: A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| alaproclate hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ubenimex [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | peptide | |
| 3-chloroalanine hydrochloride, (l-ala)-isomer [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dsp 4 hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems. | 4.46 | 23 | 0 | benzoxazole | |
| (2-(2',6'-dimethoxy)phenoxyethylamino)methylbenzodioxan hydrochloride N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine with one equivalent of hydrogen chloride. An alpha1A-adrenergic selective antagonist. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | alpha-adrenergic antagonist |
| 2-cyclooctyl-2-hydroxyethylamine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cirazoline monohydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| adtn [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| apocodeine hydrochloride, (r)-isomer [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | indoles | |
| lilly 78335 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| efaroxan hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fenoldopam hydrobromide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride 1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of 1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine with two equivalents of hydrogen chloride. Potent and selective inhibitor of dopamine uptake (KD = 5.5 nM in rat striatal membranes). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | dopamine uptake inhibitor |
| guvacine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 7-hydroxy-2-n,n-dipropylaminotetralin hydrobromide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide, (r)-isomer, [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| 1-(2-(4-(4-fluoro-benzoyl)-piperidin-1-yl)-ethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-indol-2-one LY-310762 hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reation of equimolar amount of LY-310762 with hydrogen chloride. A potent and selective antagonist for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1D (5-HT1D) receptor. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | receptor modulator; serotonergic antagonist |
| 4-iodoclonidine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dextrothyroxine [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-methylpyrazole monohydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tele-methylhistamine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester, monohydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| octoclothepine maleate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-(n-phenethyl-n-propyl)amino-5-hydroxytetralin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| du 24565 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-methoxyidazoxan hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ro 25-6981 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sk&f 77434 N-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol hydrobromide : A hydrobromide salt prepared from N-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol and one equivalent of hydrogen bromide. Selective dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (IC50 values are 19.7 and 2425 nM for binding to D1-like and D2-like receptors respectively). Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrobromide | dopamine agonist; prodrug |
| 3-[(6aR,9R,10aR)-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-4H-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-yl]-1,1-diethylurea [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
| sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available] | 3.77 | 11 | 0 | ||
| pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). | 5.72 | 6 | 1 | ||
| demethylcantharidin demethylcantharidin: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| apis apiose: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; structure | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | carbohydrate | |
| atropine sulfate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mefloquine Mefloquine: A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects.. mefloquine : A racemate composed of (+)-(11R,2'S)- and (-)-(11S,2'R)-enantiomers of mefloquine. An antimalarial agent which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | ||
| 1-deoxynojirimycin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| physalaemin Physalaemin: An oligopeptide isolated from the skin of Physalaemus fuscumaculatus, a South American frog. It is a typical kinin, resembling SUBSTANCE P in structure and action and has been proposed as a sialagogue, antihypertensive, and vasodilator. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| win 62577 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | organophosphate oxoanion | cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| a 803467 A 803467: an Nav1.8 sodium channel blocker; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| melitten Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ||
| dynorphins Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | polypeptide | |
| t140 peptide T140 peptide: a strong anti-hiv agent; amino acid sequence in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gr 82334 GR 82334: tachykinin NK-1 receptor antagonist | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| shaker b inactivating peptide Shaker B inactivating peptide: amino acid sequence given in first source; inhibits K and Ca channel activity; also blocks cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| omega-conotoxin (conus magus) Conus magus toxin: from marine mollusk Conus magus; 25-27 amino acid peptide; MW 3 kDa | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
| anantin anantin: atrial natriuretic factor antagonist; from Streptomyces coerulescens; consists of 17 natural amino acids which form a ring system; MF C90-H111-N21-O24; binds to receptor of atrial natriuretic factor; structure given in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| erabutoxin b erabutoxin b: RN given refers to erabutoxin b | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gramicidin a Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | ||
| cobrotoxin Cobra Neurotoxin Proteins: Toxins, contained in cobra (Naja) venom that block cholinergic receptors; two specific proteins have been described, the small (short, Type I) and the large (long, Type II) which also exist in other Elapid venoms. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | peptide hormone | |
| mast cell degranulating peptide mast cell degranulating peptide: isolated from bee venoms; made up of 22 amino acids; has 2 disulfide bridges | 3.68 | 10 | 0 | ||
| anthopleurin-a anthopleurin-A: cardiotonic agent from the sea anemone Anthopleura xanthogrammica | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC). | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones. | 3.78 | 11 | 0 | ||
| iberiotoxin [no description available] | 10.83 | 90 | 0 | ||
| glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36) [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oligonucleotides [no description available] | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | ||
| glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| calcium orange calcium orange: a fluorescent calcium indicator. calcium orange : A xanthene dye-based thiourea conjugate. | 2 | 1 | 0 | xanthene dye | fluorochrome |
| N-[[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-pyrazolyl]methyl]-2-(2-pyridinyl)ethanamine [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyrazoles; ring assembly | |
| cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | glycoside | |
| quinine sulfate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydrate | |
| quercetin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63) | 5.01 | 15 | 0 | ||
| phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety. | 3.38 | 7 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
| rv 538, (r-(r*,r*))-isomer [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3,4-dichloro-n-methyl-n-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (1s-cis)-isomer [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thimerosal Thimerosal: An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.. thimerosal : An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent. | 3.86 | 2 | 1 | alkylmercury compound | antifungal drug; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; drug allergen |
| valproate sodium Epilim: oral sodium valproate used as antidepressive agent. sodium valproate : The sodium salt of valproic acid.. valproate : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of valproic acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | geroprotector |
| ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals. | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | ||
| calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| lucifer yellow lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | organic lithium salt | fluorochrome |
| chitosan [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nnc 55-0396 NNC 55-0396: a calcium channel blocker with high selectivity for CaV3 channels over high voltage activated channels; structure in first source. NNC 55-0396 dihydrochloride : The dihydrochloride salt of NNC 55-0396. It is a stable analogue of mibefradil and a highly selective T-type calcium channel blocker. | 3.47 | 1 | 1 | hydrochloride | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; neuroprotective agent; potassium channel blocker; T-type calcium channel blocker |
| 9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-adenine [no description available] | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | ||
| s-nitro-n-acetylpenicillamine S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine: a NO donor | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | ||
| u 63557a [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP. | 3.39 | 7 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide | |
| ampicillin sodium [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| penicillin g potassium benzylpenicillin potassium : Organic potassium salt of benzylpenicillin. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organic potassium salt | |
| taurocholic acid, monosodium salt [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | bile salt | |
| cefmetazole sodium cefmetazole sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of cefmetazole. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | antimicrobial agent |
| piperacillin sodium [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| cefoxitin sodium [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| nafcillin sodium [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| sodium nitrite Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; nitrite salt | antidote to cyanide poisoning; antihypertensive agent; antimicrobial food preservative; food antioxidant; poison |
| cefamandole nafate cefamandole sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of cefamandole. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | antibacterial drug |
| sodium diatrizoate histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt; organoiodine compound | radioopaque medium |
| fusidate sodium [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| stearates Stearates: Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| estrone sulfate, potassium salt [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cephapirin sodium cephapirin sodium : The sodium salt of cephapirin. A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, it is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Being more resistant to beta-lactamases than penicillins, it is effective agains most staphylococci, though not methicillin-resistant staphylococci. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin; organic sodium salt | antibacterial drug |
| sodium cephalothin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| cefazolin sodium cefazolin sodium : A cephalosporin organic sodium salt having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| 5-hydroxydecanoic acid, monosodium salt [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ru 28318 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ro13-9904 Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phenytoin sodium [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| naproxen sodium naproxen sodium : An organic sodium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of naproxen(1-) anions and sodium anions. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| cr 1409 lorglumide sodium : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-lorglumide sodium. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cortisol succinate, sodium salt hydrocortisone hemisuccinate: RN given refers to (11beta)-isomer; Synonyms Solu-Cortef & sopolcort H refer to Na salt | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| picrotoxinin picrotoxinin: toxic component of PICROTOXIN; structure; noncompetitive antagonist of ionotropic GABA-A receptors. picrotoxinin : A picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid that is 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-indene-3,7-dicarboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3a, 6, and 7a by methyl, isopropenyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively; in which the double bond at position 2-3 has been epoxidised; and in which the carboxy groups at positions 3 and 7 have undergone gamma-lactone formation by O-alkylation to positions 4 and 5, respectively. A component of picrotoxin. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus. | 4.81 | 32 | 0 | ||
| 1229u91 1229U91: a selective neuropeptide Y-Y1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume. | 4.32 | 20 | 0 | ||
| neurotensin neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91 | 7.39 | 2 | 0 | peptide hormone | human metabolite; mitogen; neurotransmitter; vulnerary |
| conotoxin gi conotoxin GI: highly toxic; from venom of marine snail Conus geographus; amino acid sequence given in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mannans [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid 11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (11S,12R)-EET : An 11,12-EET in which the epoxy moiety has 11S,12R-configuration.. 11,12-EET : An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 11,12-double bond of arachidonic acid. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 11,12-EET | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| 3-hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid, (3beta,25r)-isomer cholestenoic acid: structure in first source. (25R)-3beta-hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid : A 3beta-hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid in which the stereocentre at position 25 has R-configuration. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid | |
| triiodothyronine, reverse Triiodothyronine, Reverse: A metabolite of THYROXINE, formed by the peripheral enzymatic monodeiodination of T4 at the 5 position of the inner ring of the iodothyronine nucleus.. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine zwitterion : Zwitterionic form of 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine; amino acid zwitterion | |
| mlck peptide MLCK peptide: amino acid sequence given in first source; synthetic peptide corresponding to the sequence of calmodulin-binding domain of skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase which acts as calmodulin antagonist | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| clp257 CLP257: a chloride extrusion enhancer that targets KCC2; structure in first source | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines. | 4.83 | 33 | 0 | ||
| interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hydroxocobalamin Hydroxocobalamin: Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY. | 3.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| p(1),p(5)-di(adenosine-5'-)pentaphosphate P(1),P(5)-di(adenosine-5'-)pentaphosphate: structure. P(1),P(5)-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate(5-) : An organophosphate oxoanion arising from global deprotonation of the pentaphosphate OH groups of P(1),P(5)-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | organophosphate oxoanion | |
| kavain kavain: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; see also kavaform; structure | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 2-pyranones; aromatic ether | |
| methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative. | 7.93 | 4 | 0 | ||
| oligomycin a [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal agent; diketone; oligomycin; pentol | antineoplastic agent; EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor; nematicide |
| vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE). | 3.5 | 8 | 0 | ||
| 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone: structure in first source | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | 2-pyranones | |
| oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoate | plant metabolite |
| piroxicam [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines | analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| acenocoumarol Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor |
| lfm a13 LFM-A13 : An enamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2Z)-2-cyano-3-hydroxybut-2-enoic acid with the amino group of 2,5-dibromoaniline. It is a dual-function inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and Polo-like kinases (PLK) that exhibits anticancer properties. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; dibromobenzene; enamide; enol; nitrile; secondary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.21 (polo kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide | analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| laquinimod [no description available] | 4.08 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amide | |
| mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group. | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | |
| l 701324 L 701324: a glycine/NMDA receptor antagonist | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
| teriflunomide [no description available] | 4.42 | 3 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic amide; enamide; enol; nitrile; secondary carboxamide | drug metabolite; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| hispidin hispidin: metabolite of Basidiomycete Polyporus hispidus. hispidin : Fungal metabolite first found in basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus (formerly Polyporus hispidus). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 2-pyranones; catechols | antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; fungal metabolite |
| minocycline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| demeclocycline hydrochloride demeclocycline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of demeclocycline. A tetracycline antibiotic, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| pogostone Pogostone: volatile oil of Pogostemon cablin | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| 2,4-dihydroxypyridine [no description available] | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | pyridone | |
| 2'-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-2-allyl-6,7-benzomorphan SK&F 10047: pharmacologic action of cpd may depend on (L)- or (D)-isomerism; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| omega-agatoxin iva omega-Agatoxin IVA: A neuropeptide toxin from the venom of the funnel web spider, Agelenopsis aperta. It inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, P-TYPE by altering the voltage-dependent gating so that very large depolarizations are needed for channel opening. It also inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, Q-TYPE. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | ||
| snx 230 omega-conotoxin-MVIIC: isolated from Conus magus; amino acid sequence given in first source | 3.41 | 7 | 0 | ||
| toxin ii (anemonia sulcata) toxin II (Anemonia sulcata): toxic polypeptide closely related to anthopleurin A with potent cardiac stimulant activity from Anemonia sulcata; do not confuse with altertoxin II which is also abbreviated ATX II | 3.3 | 2 | 0 | ||
| epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form. | 3.11 | 5 | 0 | ||
| kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aluminosilicate mineral; mixture | antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient |
| clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| brevetoxin brevetoxin: from Ptychodiscus brevis | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| charybdotoxin [no description available] | 13.26 | 139 | 0 | ||
| transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | ||
| saxitoxin Saxitoxin: A compound that contains a reduced purine ring system but is not biosynthetically related to the purine alkaloids. It is a poison found in certain edible mollusks at certain times; elaborated by GONYAULAX and consumed by mollusks, fishes, etc. without ill effects. It is neurotoxic and causes RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS and other effects in MAMMALS, known as paralytic SHELLFISH poisoning.. saxitoxin : An alkaloid isolated from the marine dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning. | 3.59 | 9 | 0 | alkaloid; carbamate ester; guanidines; ketone hydrate; paralytic shellfish toxin; pyrrolopurine | cyanotoxin; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; sodium channel blocker; toxin |
| okadaic acid Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells. | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | ketal | |
| wnt-c59 2-(4-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)phenyl)-N-(4-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)acetamide: a PORCN acyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gs-458967 6-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)(1,2,4)triazolo(4,3-a)pyridine: an anti-arrhythmia agent that inhibits late sodium current; structure in first source | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pyrethrins [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ap20187 AP20187: a nontoxic, cell-permeable analog, a wholly synthesized, cell-permeable dimeric FK506 derivative. AP20187 : A tertiary amino compound that is 2-(aminomethyl)-N,N-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine in which the primary ammino groups have each been acylated by condensation with the carboxy group of 2-{3-[(1R)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-hydroxypropyl]phenoxy}acetic acid, the hydroxy groups of which have been esterified by condensation with the carboxy group of L-pipecolic acid, the nitrogen of which has been acylated by condensation with (2S)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)butyric acid. It is a synthetic, cell-permeable ligand that can be used to induce homodimerization of fusion proteins containing the DmrB domain. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; carboxylic ester; N-acylpiperidine; tertiary amino compound | ligand |
| oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X). | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| crotamine crotamine: polypeptide basic toxin isolated from venom of rattlesnake Crotalus durrisus terrificus | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents. | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | ||
| snx 482 SNX 482: from venom of tarantula, Hysterocrates gigas; amino acid sequence in first source | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| kaliotoxin kaliotoxin: peptidyl inhibitor of neuronal BK-type calcium-activated K+ channels from Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus venom; MW 4 kDa; amino acid sequence has been determined | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
| adrenomedullin Adrenomedullin: A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and ADRENAL MEDULLA but is widely distributed throughout the body including lung and kidney tissues. Besides controlling fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator and can inhibit pituitary ACTH secretion. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | ||
| epoetin alfa Epoetin Alfa: A recombinant glycosylated form of erythropoietin which stimulates the differentiation and proliferation of erythroid precursors. It is used for the treatment of ANEMIA associated with CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE in dialysis and predialysis patients. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lipofectamine Lipofectamine: mediates gene transfer; a polycationic lipid reagent | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ginkgolide b [no description available] | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | ||
| nonactin nonactin: macrolide tetrolide antibiotic isolated from cycloheximide-producing species of Streptomyces; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ANTIBIOTICS (75-86) | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| aconitine Aconitine: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM; DELPHINIUM and larkspurs. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuralgic properties.. aconitine : A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively. | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | ||
| transforming growth factor alpha Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| margatoxin [no description available] | 3.98 | 13 | 0 | ||
| cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). | 3.26 | 6 | 0 | ||
| cytochalasin d Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | ||
| antipain Antipain: An oligopeptide produced by various bacteria which acts as a protease inhibitor. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| digitonin Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| noxiustoxin noxiustoxin: fraction of venom of scorpion Centruroides noxius | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
| neuropeptide y (13-36) [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine | antimetabolite; antiviral drug |
| cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine. | 5.09 | 43 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| sepiapterin sepiapterin: A substrate of sepiapterin reductase | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | sepiapterin | |
| guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor |
| guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor |
| inosine [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 1-methyladenine 1-methyladenine : Adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-1. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. | 2 | 1 | 0 | folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient |
| guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes. | 4.78 | 12 | 0 | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
| isoxanthopterin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxypteridine | |
| clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound | adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic |
| ganciclovir [no description available] | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine | antiinfective agent; antiviral drug |
| sildenafil sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | piperazines; pyrazolopyrimidine; sulfonamide | EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| zaprinast zaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structure | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | triazolopyrimidines | |
| kf38789 KF38789: a non-carbohydrate low MW cpd that Inhibits P-selectin specific cell adhesion; structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound | antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger |
| noc 7 3-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-nitrosohydrazino)-N-methyl-1-propanamine: inhibits the secretion of adrenal catecholamines induced by splanchnic nerve stimulation through activation of BK(Ca) channels | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| guanylyl imidodiphosphate Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+). | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
| thiolactomycin thiolactomycin: from actinomycetes; structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2,4-diaminohypoxanthine 2,4-diaminohypoxanthine: do not confuse abbreviation DAHP with various dehydro-deoxy-arabino-heptulosonic acid phosphates which also use DAHP; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydroxypyrimidine | |
| norclozapine norclozapine: structure given in first source. N-desmethylclozapine : A dibenzodoazepine substituted with chloro and piperazino groups which is a major metabolite of clozapine; a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | dibenzodiazepine; organochlorine compound; piperazines | delta-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; serotonergic antagonist |
| pralidoxime iodide pralidoxime iodide : An organic iodide salt that has pralidoxime as the cation. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organic iodide salt; pyridinium salt | cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator |
| guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate) [no description available] | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | nucleoside diphosphate analogue | |
| quazinone [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 8-bromocyclic gmp, sodium salt sodium 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : An organic sodium salt having 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate as the counterion. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | muscle relaxant; protein kinase G agonist |
| 8-bromocyclic gmp 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro. | 3.79 | 11 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; organobromine compound | muscle relaxant; protein kinase G agonist |
| ag-879 AG-879: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| arsenazo iii Arsenazo III: Metallochrome indicator that changes color when complexed to the calcium ion under physiological conditions. It is used to measure local calcium ion concentrations in vivo. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pralidoxime chloride [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt; pyridinium salt | cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator |
| desmethylolanzapine desmethylolanzapine: structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| dibutyryl cyclic gmp Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP: N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiotriphosphate) [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| eye [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| maltodextrin maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| agitoxin 2 [no description available] | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | ||
| concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage. | 7.95 | 4 | 0 | ||
| pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nk 2367 NK 2367: merocyanine-oxazolone dye; membrane potential-sensitive | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) | 0 | 4.15 | 16 | 0 |
| Amnesia-Memory Loss [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Amnesia Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7) | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available] | 0 | 4.22 | 6 | 0 |
| Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. | 0 | 4.22 | 6 | 0 |
| Encephalitis, Polio [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5) | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Anemia, Fanconi [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004) | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 9.31 | 29 | 2 |
| Demyelinating Diseases Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system. | 0 | 9.31 | 29 | 2 |
| Contact Dermatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 11.76 | 167 | 1 |
| Itching [description not available] | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief. | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Aura [description not available] | 0 | 11.08 | 173 | 0 |
| Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313) | 0 | 11.08 | 173 | 0 |
| Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis [description not available] | 0 | 9.05 | 22 | 3 |
| Eaton-Lambert Myasthenic Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 12.86 | 60 | 6 |
| Myasthenia Gravis A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition. | 0 | 14.05 | 22 | 3 |
| Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome An autoimmune disease characterized by weakness and fatigability of proximal muscles, particularly of the pelvic girdle, lower extremities, trunk, and shoulder girdle. There is relative sparing of extraocular and bulbar muscles. CARCINOMA, SMALL CELL of the lung is a frequently associated condition, although other malignancies and autoimmune diseases may be associated. Muscular weakness results from impaired impulse transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. Presynaptic calcium channel dysfunction leads to a reduced amount of acetylcholine being released in response to stimulation of the nerve. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 1471) | 0 | 12.86 | 60 | 6 |
| Bradyarrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 3.11 | 5 | 0 |
| Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK. | 0 | 8.11 | 5 | 0 |
| Addison Disease and Cerebral Sclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Adrenoleukodystrophy An X-linked recessive disorder characterized by the accumulation of saturated very long chain fatty acids in the LYSOSOMES of ADRENAL CORTEX and the white matter of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This disease occurs almost exclusively in the males. Clinical features include the childhood onset of ATAXIA; NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HYPERPIGMENTATION; ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; SEIZURES; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and DEMENTIA. The slowly progressive adult form is called adrenomyeloneuropathy. The defective gene ABCD1 is located at Xq28, and encodes the adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS). | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Hereditary Optic Neuroretinopathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber A maternally linked genetic disorder that presents in mid-life as acute or subacute central vision loss leading to central scotoma and blindness. The disease has been associated with missense mutations in the mtDNA, in genes for Complex I, III, and IV polypeptides, that can act autonomously or in association with each other to cause the disease. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim/, MIM#535000 (April 17, 2001)) | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nerve Injury [description not available] | 0 | 3.85 | 11 | 0 |
| Low Bone Density [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Atrophy, Muscle [description not available] | 0 | 2.83 | 3 | 0 |
| Bone Diseases, Metabolic Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscular Atrophy Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation. | 0 | 2.83 | 3 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nerve Injuries Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES. | 0 | 3.85 | 11 | 0 |
| Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available] | 0 | 23.6 | 328 | 180 |
| Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903) | 1 | 25.6 | 328 | 180 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Endometrium [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Recrudescence [description not available] | 0 | 4.5 | 8 | 0 |
| Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions. | 0 | 6.54 | 9 | 2 |
| Adiadochokinesis [description not available] | 0 | 6.55 | 10 | 1 |
| Abdominal Migraine [description not available] | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Conjugate Nystagmus [description not available] | 0 | 11.7 | 34 | 6 |
| Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebellar Ataxia Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90) | 0 | 6.55 | 10 | 1 |
| Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Vertigo An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1) | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Ambulation Difficulty [description not available] | 0 | 10.58 | 14 | 5 |
| Arrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 5.13 | 17 | 0 |
| Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time. | 0 | 5.31 | 54 | 0 |
| Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction. | 0 | 5.13 | 17 | 0 |
| Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST. | 0 | 8.62 | 9 | 0 |
| Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available] | 0 | 5.72 | 6 | 1 |
| Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75) | 0 | 5.72 | 6 | 1 |
| Demyelinative Myelitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.99 | 1 | 1 |
| Absence Status [description not available] | 0 | 6.44 | 21 | 0 |
| Status Epilepticus A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30) | 0 | 6.44 | 21 | 0 |
| Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 11.56 | 18 | 11 |
| Cognitive Decline [description not available] | 0 | 6.55 | 5 | 1 |
| Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914) | 1 | 13.56 | 18 | 11 |
| Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function. | 0 | 6.55 | 5 | 1 |
| MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Absence Seizure [description not available] | 0 | 9.89 | 183 | 0 |
| Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder. | 0 | 9.89 | 183 | 0 |
| Convulsive Generalized Seizure Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 3.29 | 6 | 0 |
| Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood [description not available] | 0 | 6.87 | 24 | 1 |
| Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321). | 0 | 6.87 | 24 | 1 |
| Apnea A transient absence of spontaneous respiration. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Double Aortic Arch [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available] | 0 | 7.94 | 13 | 3 |
| Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57) | 0 | 7.94 | 13 | 3 |
| Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. | 0 | 6.21 | 52 | 0 |
| Clasp-Knife Spasticity [description not available] | 0 | 8.52 | 7 | 3 |
| Autosomal Dominant Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia [description not available] | 0 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Muscle Spasticity A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a free interval) followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54) | 1 | 10.52 | 7 | 3 |
| Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary A group of inherited diseases that share similar phenotypes but are genetically diverse. Different genetic loci for autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and x-linked forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia have been identified. Clinically, patients present with slowly progressive distal limb weakness and lower extremity spasticity. Peripheral sensory neurons may be affected in the later stages of the disease. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Jan;64(1):61-6; Curr Opin Neurol 1997 Aug;10(4):313-8) | 0 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Active Hyperemia [description not available] | 0 | 9.35 | 4 | 1 |
| Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous). | 0 | 9.35 | 4 | 1 |
| Inadequate Sleep [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 7.17 | 9 | 4 |
| Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive A form of multiple sclerosis characterized by a progressive deterioration in neurologic function which is in contrast to the more typical relapsing remitting form. If the clinical course is free of distinct remissions, it is referred to as primary progressive multiple sclerosis. When the progressive decline is punctuated by acute exacerbations, it is referred to as progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis. The term secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is used when relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis evolves into the chronic progressive form. (From Ann Neurol 1994;36 Suppl:S73-S79; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914) | 1 | 9.17 | 9 | 4 |
| Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position. | 0 | 10.04 | 41 | 0 |
| Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available] | 0 | 3.17 | 5 | 0 |
| Lassitude [description not available] | 0 | 11.91 | 21 | 12 |
| Day Blindness [description not available] | 0 | 9.22 | 11 | 5 |
| Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. | 0 | 16.91 | 21 | 12 |
| Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.42 | 7 | 0 |
| Anterior Optic Neuritis [description not available] | 0 | 3.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Optic Neuritis Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis). | 1 | 10.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Retinal Degeneration A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304) | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Child Mental Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Neurodevelopmental Disorders These are a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period. The disorders typically manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. (From DSM-5). | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Ischemic Stroke [description not available] | 0 | 4.55 | 1 | 1 |
| Cerebral Ischemia [description not available] | 0 | 5.42 | 5 | 1 |
| Ischemic Stroke Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin. | 1 | 6.55 | 1 | 1 |
| Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION. | 0 | 5.42 | 5 | 1 |
| Chronic Illness [description not available] | 0 | 13.9 | 42 | 25 |
| Anoxia, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 3.12 | 5 | 0 |
| Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 13.9 | 42 | 25 |
| Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy [description not available] | 0 | 4.38 | 4 | 1 |
| Muscular Atrophy, Spinal A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089) | 1 | 6.38 | 4 | 1 |
| Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Nervous System Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.83 | 4 | 0 |
| Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. | 0 | 3.83 | 4 | 0 |
| Dyskinesia Syndromes [description not available] | 0 | 14.03 | 44 | 38 |
| Sensation Disorders Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM). | 0 | 4.14 | 3 | 1 |
| Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions. | 0 | 14.03 | 44 | 38 |
| Crush Fractures [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 3 | 0 |
| Cranial Nerve VII Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders. | 0 | 6.9 | 5 | 3 |
| Hyperactivity, Motor [description not available] | 0 | 2.54 | 2 | 0 |
| Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism [description not available] | 0 | 2.99 | 4 | 0 |
| Action Tremor [description not available] | 0 | 2.55 | 2 | 0 |
| Parkinson Disease, Secondary Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42) | 0 | 2.99 | 4 | 0 |
| Tremor Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE. | 0 | 7.55 | 2 | 0 |
| Cerebral Cortical Dysplasia [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course. | 0 | 5.35 | 13 | 0 |
| Cancer of Pancreas [description not available] | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA). | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. | 0 | 9.57 | 157 | 1 |
| Ambulation Disorders, Neurologic [description not available] | 0 | 10.51 | 17 | 2 |
| Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 3.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic Ischemic injury to the OPTIC NERVE which usually affects the OPTIC DISK (optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic) and less frequently the retrobulbar portion of the nerve (optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic). The injury results from occlusion of arterial blood supply which may result from TEMPORAL ARTERITIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COLLAGEN DISEASES; EMBOLISM; DIABETES MELLITUS; and other conditions. The disease primarily occurs in the sixth decade or later and presents with the sudden onset of painless and usually severe monocular visual loss. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy also features optic disk edema with microhemorrhages. The optic disk appears normal in posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. (Glaser, Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2nd ed, p135) | 0 | 3.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscular Weakness [description not available] | 0 | 5.75 | 7 | 3 |
| Muscle Weakness A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251) | 0 | 5.75 | 7 | 3 |
| Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. | 0 | 3.53 | 1 | 1 |
| Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE. | 1 | 5.53 | 1 | 1 |
| Blood Pressure, High [description not available] | 0 | 5.17 | 18 | 0 |
| Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. | 0 | 5.17 | 18 | 0 |
| Alloxan Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 4.03 | 14 | 0 |
| Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available] | 0 | 16.92 | 75 | 39 |
| Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.). | 1 | 23.92 | 75 | 39 |
| Diaphragmatic Paralysis [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| 6th Nerve Palsy [description not available] | 0 | 4.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Brain Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 4.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Brown Tendon Sheath Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 4.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits. | 0 | 4.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Glial Cell Tumors [description not available] | 0 | 3.61 | 9 | 0 |
| Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21) | 0 | 8.61 | 9 | 0 |
| Breathlessness [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available] | 0 | 3.74 | 10 | 0 |
| Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES. | 0 | 3.74 | 10 | 0 |
| Hyperoxia An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Palsy [description not available] | 0 | 6.17 | 12 | 1 |
| Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45) | 0 | 11.17 | 12 | 1 |
| Contracture Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint. | 0 | 7.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Brugada ECG Pattern [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Brugada Syndrome An autosomal dominant defect of cardiac conduction that is characterized by an abnormal ST-segment in leads V1-V3 on the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM resembling a right BUNDLE-BRANCH BLOCK; high risk of VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA; or VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION; SYNCOPAL EPISODE; and possible sudden death. This syndrome is linked to mutations of gene encoding the cardiac SODIUM CHANNEL alpha subunit. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| External Ophthalmoplegia [description not available] | 0 | 3.93 | 2 | 1 |
| Lesion of Sciatic Nerve [description not available] | 0 | 2.78 | 3 | 0 |
| Entrapment Neuropathies [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Anoxia, Fetal [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Fetal Hypoxia Deficient oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.66 | 6 | 1 |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94) | 0 | 4.66 | 6 | 1 |
| Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension A progressive rare pulmonary disease characterized by high blood pressure in the PULMONARY ARTERY. | 0 | 7.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment. | 0 | 6.84 | 5 | 3 |
| Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available] | 0 | 3.14 | 5 | 0 |
| Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures. | 0 | 3.14 | 5 | 0 |
| Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY). | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Sterility, Male [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Experimental Myasthenia Gravis [description not available] | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Congenital Myasthenia [description not available] | 0 | 6.51 | 16 | 1 |
| Myasthenic Syndromes, Congenital A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a congenital defect in neuromuscular transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. This includes presynaptic, synaptic, and postsynaptic disorders (that are not of autoimmune origin). The majority of these diseases are caused by mutations of various subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC) on the postsynaptic surface of the junction. (From Arch Neurol 1999 Feb;56(2):163-7) | 0 | 6.51 | 16 | 1 |
| Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available] | 0 | 5.09 | 3 | 1 |
| Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways. | 0 | 4.62 | 10 | 0 |
| Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction. | 0 | 5.09 | 3 | 1 |
| Benign Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Epilepsies, Myoclonic A clinically diverse group of epilepsy syndromes characterized either by myoclonic seizures or by myoclonus in association with other seizure types. Myoclonic epilepsy syndromes are divided into three subtypes based on etiology: familial, cryptogenic, and symptomatic. | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Polyneuropathy, Acquired [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Polyneuropathies Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Cranial Nerve II Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.47 | 1 | 1 |
| Optic Nerve Diseases Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect. | 0 | 3.47 | 1 | 1 |
| Allodynia [description not available] | 0 | 3.42 | 7 | 0 |
| Nerve Pain [description not available] | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve. | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Disease Exacerbation [description not available] | 0 | 3.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Anoxemia [description not available] | 0 | 6.15 | 50 | 0 |
| Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms. | 0 | 6.15 | 50 | 0 |
| Ataxia Telangiectasia Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Vestibular Diseases Pathological processes of the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH which contains part of the balancing apparatus. Patients with vestibular diseases show instability and are at risk of frequent falls. | 0 | 3.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Ataxia Telangiectasia An autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by choreoathetosis beginning in childhood, progressive CEREBELLAR ATAXIA; TELANGIECTASIS of CONJUNCTIVA and SKIN; DYSARTHRIA; B- and T-cell immunodeficiency, and RADIOSENSITIVITY to IONIZING RADIATION. Affected individuals are prone to recurrent sinobronchopulmonary infections, lymphoreticular neoplasms, and other malignancies. Serum ALPHA-FETOPROTEINS are usually elevated. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p688) The gene for this disorder (ATM) encodes a cell cycle checkpoint protein kinase and has been mapped to chromosome 11 (11q22-q23). | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities. | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Botulism, Infantile [description not available] | 0 | 6.86 | 11 | 1 |
| Botulism A disease caused by potent protein NEUROTOXINS produced by CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM which interfere with the presynaptic release of ACETYLCHOLINE at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. Clinical features include abdominal pain, vomiting, acute PARALYSIS (including respiratory paralysis), blurred vision, and DIPLOPIA. Botulism may be classified into several subtypes (e.g., food-borne, infant, wound, and others). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1208) | 0 | 11.86 | 11 | 1 |
| Neuromuscular Blockade The intentional interruption of transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION by external agents, usually neuromuscular blocking agents. It is distinguished from NERVE BLOCK in which nerve conduction (NEURAL CONDUCTION) is interrupted rather than neuromuscular transmission. Neuromuscular blockade is commonly used to produce MUSCLE RELAXATION as an adjunct to anesthesia during surgery and other medical procedures. It is also often used as an experimental manipulation in basic research. It is not strictly speaking anesthesia but is grouped here with anesthetic techniques. The failure of neuromuscular transmission as a result of pathological processes is not included here. | 0 | 3.85 | 2 | 1 |
| Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular Enlargement of the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is often attributed to PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available] | 0 | 3.11 | 5 | 0 |
| Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure. | 0 | 3.61 | 9 | 0 |
| Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 10.18 | 18 | 9 |
| Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues. | 0 | 5.34 | 2 | 2 |
| Diathesis [description not available] | 0 | 2.96 | 4 | 0 |
| Emergencies Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Methemoglobinemia The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Inhalation Injury, Smoke [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51) | 0 | 9.23 | 18 | 0 |
| Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. | 0 | 2.98 | 4 | 0 |
| Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Polyarthritis [description not available] | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Magnesium [description not available] | 0 | 3.73 | 10 | 0 |
| Magnesium Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936) | 0 | 3.73 | 10 | 0 |
| Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA). | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available] | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy. | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Torsade de Pointes [description not available] | 0 | 3.12 | 5 | 0 |
| Convulsions, Grand Mal [description not available] | 0 | 3.14 | 5 | 0 |
| Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329) | 0 | 3.14 | 5 | 0 |
| Glaucoma, Suspect [description not available] | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye. | 0 | 7.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Ocular Hypertension A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Acquired Neuromyotonia [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 7 | 0 |
| Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS. | 0 | 5.06 | 3 | 1 |
| Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves. | 0 | 3.37 | 7 | 0 |
| Facio-Scapulo-Humeral Dystrophy [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral An autosomal dominant degenerative muscle disease characterized by slowly progressive weakness of the muscles of the face, upper-arm, and shoulder girdle. The onset of symptoms usually occurs in the first or second decade of life. Affected individuals usually present with impairment of upper extremity elevation. This tends to be followed by facial weakness, primarily involving the orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi muscles. (Neuromuscul Disord 1997;7(1):55-62; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1420) | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| American Trypanosomiasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Epileptiform Neuralgia [description not available] | 0 | 2.78 | 3 | 0 |
| Trigeminal Neuralgia A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURYSMS, and neoplasms. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p187) | 0 | 2.78 | 3 | 0 |
| Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. | 0 | 10.34 | 22 | 0 |
| Brain Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Gait Disorders, Animal [description not available] | 0 | 3.48 | 1 | 1 |
| Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA. | 0 | 3.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs. | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Aqueductal Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Channelopathies A variety of neuromuscular conditions resulting from MUTATIONS in ION CHANNELS manifesting as episodes of EPILEPSY; HEADACHE DISORDERS; and DYSKINESIAS. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction). | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Impotence [description not available] | 0 | 3.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction. | 0 | 3.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Lung [description not available] | 0 | 6.09 | 16 | 0 |
| B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG. | 0 | 6.09 | 16 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Apoplexy [description not available] | 0 | 4.82 | 7 | 1 |
| Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810) | 1 | 6.82 | 7 | 1 |
| Aprosodia [description not available] | 0 | 3.5 | 1 | 1 |
| Apraxia of Gait [description not available] | 0 | 3.5 | 1 | 1 |
| Neuromuscular Junction Diseases Conditions characterized by impaired transmission of impulses at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. This may result from disorders that affect receptor function, pre- or postsynaptic membrane function, or ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE activity. The majority of diseases in this category are associated with autoimmune, toxic, or inherited conditions. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic A systemic, large-cell, non-Hodgkin, malignant lymphoma characterized by cells with pleomorphic appearance and expressing the CD30 ANTIGEN. These so-called hallmark cells have lobulated and indented nuclei. This lymphoma is often mistaken for metastatic carcinoma and MALIGNANT HISTIOCYTOSIS. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage. | 0 | 4.64 | 10 | 0 |
| Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating A slowly progressive autoimmune demyelinating disease of peripheral nerves and nerve roots. Clinical manifestations include weakness and sensory loss in the extremities and enlargement of peripheral nerves. The course may be relapsing-remitting or demonstrate a step-wise progression. Protein is usually elevated in the spinal fluid and cranial nerves are typically spared. GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME features a relatively rapid progression of disease which distinguishes it from this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1337) | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Dizzyness [description not available] | 0 | 3.87 | 2 | 1 |
| Bilateral Headache [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Dizziness An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness. | 0 | 3.87 | 2 | 1 |
| Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebellar Diseases Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA. | 0 | 3.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Behavior Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Parkinsonian Disorders A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Metabolic Acidosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 6 | 0 |
| Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up. | 0 | 3.28 | 6 | 0 |
| Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Autosomal Dominant Cerebellar Ataxia, Type II [description not available] | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| Spinocerebellar Ataxias A group of predominately late-onset, cerebellar ataxias which have been divided into multiple subtypes based on clinical features and genetic mapping. Progressive ataxia is a central feature of these conditions, and in certain subtypes POLYNEUROPATHY; DYSARTHRIA; visual loss; and other disorders may develop. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch65, pp 12-17; J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1998 Jun;57(6):531-43) | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain. | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Complications, Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Astrocytosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION. | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA. | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Fatigue, Mental [description not available] | 0 | 4.78 | 2 | 1 |
| Cerebral Palsy, Athetoid [description not available] | 0 | 4.45 | 1 | 1 |
| Cerebral Palsy A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7) | 1 | 6.45 | 1 | 1 |
| Acetonemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Allergic Neuritis, Experimental [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Insulin Sensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available] | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Cardiac Arrest, Sudden [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION). | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Death, Sudden, Cardiac Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005) | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Tachycardia, Ventricular An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation). | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Auricular Fibrillation [description not available] | 0 | 3.52 | 8 | 0 |
| Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation. | 0 | 3.52 | 8 | 0 |
| Colitis Gravis [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Deafness, Transitory [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Hearing Loss A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears. | 0 | 7.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Elevated Cholesterol [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Anasarca [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Autism-Dementia-Ataxia-Loss of Purposeful Hand Use Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Rett Syndrome An inherited neurological developmental disorder that is associated with X-LINKED INHERITANCE and may be lethal in utero to hemizygous males. The affected female is normal until the age of 6-25 months when progressive loss of voluntary control of hand movements and communication skills; ATAXIA; SEIZURES; autistic behavior; intermittent HYPERVENTILATION; and HYPERAMMONEMIA appear. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p199) | 0 | 3.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Absence Seizure Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 3.52 | 8 | 0 |
| Epilepsy, Absence A seizure disorder usually occurring in childhood characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736) | 0 | 3.52 | 8 | 0 |
| Abdominal Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 3.71 | 10 | 0 |
| Epilepsies, Partial Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317) | 0 | 3.71 | 10 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA). | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Tachyarrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 3.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Encephalitis, Limbic [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions. | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia. | 0 | 3.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired-Immune Deficiency Syndrome Dementia Complex [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| AIDS Dementia Complex A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40) | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| ACD-MPV [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome A syndrome of persistent PULMONARY HYPERTENSION in the newborn infant (INFANT, NEWBORN) without demonstrable HEART DISEASES. This neonatal condition can be caused by severe pulmonary vasoconstriction (reactive type), hypertrophy of pulmonary arterial muscle (hypertrophic type), or abnormally developed pulmonary arterioles (hypoplastic type). The newborn patient exhibits CYANOSIS and ACIDOSIS due to the persistence of fetal circulatory pattern of right-to-left shunting of blood through a patent ductus arteriosus (DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS, PATENT) and at times a patent foramen ovale (FORAMEN OVALE, PATENT). | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available] | 0 | 4.06 | 3 | 0 |
| Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 4.06 | 3 | 0 |
| Abnormal Movements [description not available] | 0 | 4.74 | 2 | 1 |
| Genetic Predisposition [description not available] | 0 | 3.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Congenital Nystagmus [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Conus Medullaris Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Dry Eye [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Dry Eye Syndromes Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur. | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Autonomic Dysfunction, Paraneoplastic [description not available] | 0 | 2.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Chorea Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Chorea Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Poisoning [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Canine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.79 | 2 | 1 |
| Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Craniofacial Pain [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Facial Pain Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Dysesthesia [description not available] | 0 | 3.81 | 4 | 0 |
| Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available] | 0 | 3.87 | 12 | 0 |
| Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION). | 0 | 3.87 | 12 | 0 |
| Hyperpotassemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperkalemia Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Orphan Diseases Rare diseases that have not been well studied. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Acidosis, Respiratory Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION. | 0 | 7.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Goldblatt Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Mitochondrial Diseases Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Anterior Horn Cell Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.45 | 1 | 1 |
| Motor Neuron Disease Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089) | 1 | 5.45 | 1 | 1 |
| Ache [description not available] | 0 | 6.81 | 13 | 2 |
| Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. | 0 | 6.81 | 13 | 2 |
| Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. | 0 | 3.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available] | 0 | 6.02 | 15 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7) | 0 | 6.02 | 15 | 0 |
| Dystonia An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77) | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Bone Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Adverse Drug Event [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Ataxia of Gait [description not available] | 0 | 4.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available] | 0 | 3.11 | 5 | 0 |
| Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status. | 0 | 8.11 | 5 | 0 |
| Pain, Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Dysarthosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscular Dystrophy, Animal MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY that occurs in VERTEBRATE animals. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Neuralgia, Sciatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Sciatica A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of SCIATIC NEUROPATHY; RADICULOPATHY (involving the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT); or lesions of the CAUDA EQUINA. | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Muscle Spasm [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Spasm An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Paralysis, Legs [description not available] | 0 | 5.47 | 4 | 4 |
| Flaccid Quadriplegia [description not available] | 0 | 5.49 | 4 | 4 |
| Paraplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness. | 0 | 5.47 | 4 | 4 |
| Adult Fanconi Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Urinary Incontinence Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged [description not available] | 0 | 3.84 | 4 | 0 |
| Long QT Syndrome A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME. | 0 | 3.84 | 4 | 0 |
| Cafe-au-Lait Spots with Pulmonic Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Nerve Sheath [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Neurofibromatosis 1 An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS). | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Nerve Sheath Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from nerve sheaths formed by SCHWANN CELLS in the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM or by OLIGODENDROCYTES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, NEUROFIBROMA, and NEURILEMMOMA are relatively common tumors in this category. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Prostate [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Muscular Dystrophy [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscular Dystrophies A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Reflex, Abnormal An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes. | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Gastric Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Pressure, Low [description not available] | 0 | 3.25 | 6 | 0 |
| Chronic Idiopathic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients. | 0 | 3.25 | 6 | 0 |
| Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction A type of ILEUS, a functional not mechanical obstruction of the INTESTINES. This syndrome is caused by a large number of disorders involving the smooth muscles (MUSCLE, SMOOTH) or the NERVOUS SYSTEM. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| A-V Dissociation [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Cancer of Esophagus [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Mouth [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Cell Transformation, Viral An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Coronary Heart Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.3 | 7 | 0 |
| Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels. | 0 | 4.3 | 7 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System Disorders caused by cellular or humoral immune responses primarily directed towards nervous system autoantigens. The immune response may be directed towards specific tissue components (e.g., myelin) and may be limited to the central nervous system (e.g., MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS) or the peripheral nervous system (e.g., GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME). | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiac Complex, Premature [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Diplopia A visual symptom in which a single object is perceived by the visual cortex as two objects rather than one. Disorders associated with this condition include REFRACTIVE ERRORS; STRABISMUS; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; and diseases of the BRAIN STEM and OCCIPITAL LOBE. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Preterm Birth [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus [description not available] | 0 | 3.8 | 2 | 0 |
| Ductus Arteriosus, Patent A congenital heart defect characterized by the persistent opening of fetal DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS that connects the PULMONARY ARTERY to the descending aorta (AORTA, DESCENDING) allowing unoxygenated blood to bypass the lung and flow to the PLACENTA. Normally, the ductus is closed shortly after birth. | 0 | 3.8 | 2 | 0 |
| Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION). | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Pregnancy in Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Brain Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM. | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Asthenia Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy. | 0 | 2.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Congenital [description not available] | 0 | 2.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Essential Tremor [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Essential Tremor A relatively common disorder characterized by a fairly specific pattern of tremors which are most prominent in the upper extremities and neck, inducing titubations of the head. The tremor is usually mild, but when severe may be disabling. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance may occur in some families (i.e., familial tremor). (Mov Disord 1988;13(1):5-10) | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY. | 0 | 4.33 | 1 | 1 |
| Chronic Insomnia [description not available] | 0 | 4.33 | 1 | 1 |
| Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5) | 0 | 4.33 | 1 | 1 |
| Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition. | 0 | 4.33 | 1 | 1 |
| Cancer of Ovary [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Indigestion [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Dyspepsia Impaired digestion, especially after eating. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available] | 0 | 3.42 | 1 | 1 |
| Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION. | 0 | 3.42 | 1 | 1 |
| Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes. | 0 | 3.42 | 1 | 1 |
| Tachycardia, Supraventricular A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Potassium Deficiency A condition due to decreased dietary intake of potassium, as in starvation or failure to administer in intravenous solutions, or to gastrointestinal loss in diarrhea, chronic laxative abuse, vomiting, gastric suction, or bowel diversion. Severe potassium deficiency may produce muscular weakness and lead to paralysis and respiratory failure. Muscular malfunction may result in hypoventilation, paralytic ileus, hypotension, muscle twitches, tetany, and rhabomyolysis. Nephropathy from potassium deficit impairs the concentrating mechanism, producing POLYURIA and decreased maximal urinary concentrating ability with secondary POLYDIPSIA. (Merck Manual, 16th ed) | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Larynx [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Neurologic Voice Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Voice Disorders Pathological processes that affect voice production, usually involving VOCAL CORDS and the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA. Voice disorders can be caused by organic (anatomical), or functional (emotional or psychological) factors leading to DYSPHONIA; APHONIA; and defects in VOICE QUALITY, loudness, and pitch. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Decreased Muscle Tone [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Huntington Disease A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Pituitary [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Amyotonia Congenita [description not available] | 0 | 5.37 | 5 | 1 |
| Neuromuscular Diseases A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA. | 0 | 5.37 | 5 | 1 |
| Morphine Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Morphine Dependence Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Neuroma A tumor made up of nerve cells and nerve fibers. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Complication, Postoperative [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Decerebrate Posturing [description not available] | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Symptom Cluster [description not available] | 0 | 3.58 | 3 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex. | 0 | 3.58 | 3 | 0 |
| Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Bovine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Anesthesia Related Hyperthermia [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Myotonia Prolonged failure of muscle relaxation after contraction. This may occur after voluntary contractions, muscle percussion, or electrical stimulation of the muscle. Myotonia is a characteristic feature of MYOTONIC DISORDERS. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix. | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES. | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries. | 0 | 3.31 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Colon [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Anochlesia [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Angor Pectoris [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Coronary Artery Vasospasm [description not available] | 0 | 3.48 | 8 | 0 |
| Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Coronary Vasospasm Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries. | 0 | 3.48 | 8 | 0 |
| Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Asystole [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Atrophy, Muscular, Peroneal [description not available] | 0 | 4.29 | 1 | 1 |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted most often as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by progressive distal wasting and loss of reflexes in the muscles of the legs (and occasionally involving the arms). Onset is usually in the second to fourth decade of life. This condition has been divided into two subtypes, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) types I and II. HMSN I is associated with abnormal nerve conduction velocities and nerve hypertrophy, features not seen in HMSN II. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343) | 0 | 4.29 | 1 | 1 |
| Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Circulatory Collapse [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Multiple Neurofibromas [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Neurofibromatoses A group of disorders characterized by an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with high rates of spontaneous mutation and multiple neurofibromas or neurilemmomas. NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1 (generalized neurofibromatosis) accounts for approximately 95% of cases, although multiple additional subtypes (e.g., NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2, neurofibromatosis 3, etc.) have been described. (From Neurochirurgie 1998 Nov;44(4):267-72) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082) | 0 | 7.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiac Output, Low A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Demyelinating Disease, Peripheral [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Fibroid [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Uterus [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Acute Monocytic [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage including monoblasts, promonocytes, and MONOCYTES. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Deaf Mutism [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Deafness A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6) | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
| Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Hydronephrosis Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Paraneoplastic Syndromes In patients with neoplastic diseases a wide variety of clinical pictures which are indirect and usually remote effects produced by tumor cell metabolites or other products. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nerve Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from peripheral nerve tissue. This includes NEUROFIBROMAS; SCHWANNOMAS; GRANULAR CELL TUMORS; and malignant peripheral NERVE SHEATH NEOPLASMS. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp1750-1) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Addiction, Opioid [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Opioid-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS. | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Convulsions, Febrile [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Seizures, Febrile Seizures that occur during a febrile episode. It is a common condition, affecting 2-5% of children aged 3 months to five years. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has been identified in some families. The majority are simple febrile seizures (generally defined as generalized onset, single seizures with a duration of less than 30 minutes). Complex febrile seizures are characterized by focal onset, duration greater than 30 minutes, and/or more than one seizure in a 24 hour period. The likelihood of developing epilepsy (i.e., a nonfebrile seizure disorder) following simple febrile seizures is low. Complex febrile seizures are associated with a moderately increased incidence of epilepsy. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p784) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cystitis Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative Vitreoretinal membrane shrinkage or contraction secondary to the proliferation of primarily retinal pigment epithelial cells and glial cells, particularly fibrous astrocytes, followed by membrane formation. The formation of fibrillar collagen and cellular proliferation appear to be the basis for the contractile properties of the epiretinal and vitreous membranes. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Frontal Childhood Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Liver [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatoblastoma A malignant neoplasm occurring in young children, primarily in the liver, composed of tissue resembling embryonal or fetal hepatic epithelium, or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 7 | 1 | 0 |
| Central Hypothyroidism [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS). | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Aberrant Tissue [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Autosomal Recessive Chronic Granulomatous Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Granulomatous Disease, Chronic A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Alkalosis A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Bladder Disorder, Neurogenic [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Complication, Intraoperative [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Cochlear Hearing Loss [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenoma, beta-Cell [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Insulinoma A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Borna Disease An encephalomyelitis of horses, sheep and cattle caused by BORNA DISEASE VIRUS. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Neuroretinitis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinitis Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis). | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Avian Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Food Poisoning [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Ileitis Inflammation of any segment of the ILEUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Colicky Pain [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019) | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Vision, Diminished [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 1 | 0 |
| Fasciculation Involuntary contraction of the muscle fibers innervated by a motor unit. Fasciculations may be visualized as a muscle twitch or dimpling under the skin, but usually do not generate sufficient force to move a limb. They may represent a benign condition or occur as a manifestation of MOTOR NEURON DISEASE or PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1294) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, T-Cell A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Germinoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Aujeszky Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Nervous System [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Antidiuretic Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Inappropriate ADH Syndrome A condition of HYPONATREMIA and renal salt loss attributed to overexpansion of BODY FLUIDS resulting from sustained release of ANTIDIURETIC HORMONES which stimulates renal resorption of water. It is characterized by normal KIDNEY function, high urine OSMOLALITY, low serum osmolality, and neurological dysfunction. Etiologies include ADH-producing neoplasms, injuries or diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the LUNG. This syndrome can also be drug-induced. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Swelling [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6) | 0 | 6.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Prinzmetal Angina [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Angina Pectoris, Variant A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, but with preserved exercise capacity. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Mast-Cell Sarcoma A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Island Cell Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Islet Cell A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298) | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Wallerian Degeneration Degeneration of distal aspects of a nerve axon following injury to the cell body or proximal portion of the axon. The process is characterized by fragmentation of the axon and its MYELIN SHEATH. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Alcoholic Intoxication An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Amentia [description not available] | 0 | 4.27 | 1 | 1 |
| Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness. | 0 | 4.27 | 1 | 1 |
| Hyperthyroid [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Arterial Diseases, Carotid [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Carotid Artery Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Salmonella Infections, Animal Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |