Compounds > mdl 100907
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mdl 100907

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Description

Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. Included under this heading are antagonists for one or more specific 5-HT2 receptor subtypes. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID5311271
CHEMBL ID74355
SCHEMBL ID675164
MeSH IDM0211727

Synonyms (59)

Synonym
mdl100.907
mdl-100.907
CHEMBL74355 ,
139290-65-6
gtpl185
m-100907
mdl-100907
volinanserin
4-piperidinemethanol, alpha-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-, (+)-
m100907 ,
mdl 100,907
c22h28fno3
mdl-100,907
alpha-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2-(4-fluorophenylethyl))-4-piperidine methanol
mdl 100907
mdl100907
(r)-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-(1-(2-p-fluorophenylethyl)-piperidine-4-yl)-methanol
(2,3-dimethoxy-phenyl)-{1-[2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-methanol(mdl 100907)
(2,3-dimethoxy-phenyl)-{1-[2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-methanol
(r)-(2,3-dimethoxy-phenyl)-{1-[2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-methanol
(r)-(1-(4-fluorophenethyl)piperidin-4-yl)(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)methanol
(r)-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)(1-(4-fluorophenethyl)piperidin-4-yl)methanol
(2,3-dimethoxy-phenyl)-{1-[2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-methanol (m 100907)
bdbm50095027
(r)-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)(1-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)piperidin-4-yl)methanol
(r)-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-[1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-yl]methanol
NCGC00247964-01
dtxsid6047363 ,
tox21_300244
NCGC00254173-01
dtxcid4027363
cas-139290-65-6
serotonin 5-ht2 receptor antagonists
unii-ew71ee171j
ew71ee171j ,
volinanserin [inn]
(r)-(+)-alpha-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-[2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidine methanol
4-piperidinemethanol, .alpha.-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-, (.alpha.r)-
m 100907
AKOS022180892
SCHEMBL675164
(r)-alpha-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinemethanol
HXTGXYRHXAGCFP-OAQYLSRUSA-N
mdl 100907, (r)-(+)-
(r)-(+)-?-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-4-piperinemethanol
mfcd00909060
m100907, >=98% (hplc)
HY-14940
CS-0003646
(r)-(+)-alpha-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-[2 -(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-4-piperinemethanol
HB1780
AS-35103
Q7940202
EX-A3509
4-piperidinemethanol, alpha-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-, (alphar)-
S0313
A886060
4-piperidinemethanol, alpha-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-, (r)-
AC-36402

Research Excerpts

Effects

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"[11C]MDL 100907 has potential to become the first selective radioligand for PET-quantitation of 5-HT2A receptors in the human brain in vivo."( [11C]MDL 100907, a radioligland for selective imaging of 5-HT(2A) receptors with positron emission tomography.
Brunner, F; Carr, AA; Farde, L; Ginovart, N; Halldin, C; Lundkvist, C; Nyberg, S; Swahn, CG, 1996)		1.26

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Using inhibition of D-amphetamine-stimulated locomotion in mice as a measure of potential antipsychotic efficacy, MDL 100,907 showed a superior CNS safety index relative to the reference compounds, haloperidol, clozapine, risperidone, ritanserin, and amperozide, in each of five tests for side effect potential, including measures of ataxia, general depressant effects, alpha 1-adrenergic antagonism, striatal D2 receptor antagonism, and muscle relaxation."( Preclinical characterization of the potential of the putative atypical antipsychotic MDL 100,907 as a potent 5-HT2A antagonist with a favorable CNS safety profile.
Baron, BM; Carr, AA; Chaney, SF; Elands, J; Feldman, DJ; Frank, RA; Johnson, MP; Kehne, JH; McCarty, DR; McCloskey, TC; Poirot, M; Senyah, Y; Siegel, BW; van Giersbergen, PL; Widmaier, C, 1996)		0.29
" The primary outcome measure was bleeding time; secondary outcome measures were vital signs, adverse events, physical examinations, 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECG) and laboratory safety tests."( Safety of AT-1015, a novel 5-HT2A antagonist, in combination with high-dose aspirin: an open-label study.
Anderson, D; Engert, D; Ilgenfritz, J; Kato, N; Onomichi, K; Shelley, S; Uchida, H, 2004)		0.32
" The most common adverse events were dry mouth, epistaxis, gingival bleeding and abdominal pain."( Safety of AT-1015, a novel 5-HT2A antagonist, in combination with high-dose aspirin: an open-label study.
Anderson, D; Engert, D; Ilgenfritz, J; Kato, N; Onomichi, K; Shelley, S; Uchida, H, 2004)		0.32
"AT-1015 was safe and well-tolerated in healthy male volunteers when taken in combination with high-dose aspirin, and did not significantly prolong bleeding time compared with aspirin alone."( Safety of AT-1015, a novel 5-HT2A antagonist, in combination with high-dose aspirin: an open-label study.
Anderson, D; Engert, D; Ilgenfritz, J; Kato, N; Onomichi, K; Shelley, S; Uchida, H, 2004)		0.32
" However, the neural mechanism by which extracellular 5-HT is elevated to a toxic level for the syndrome remains to be determined."( Assessment of 5-hydroxytryptamine efflux in rat brain during a mild, moderate and severe serotonin-toxicity syndrome.
Huang, X; Krishnamoorthy, S; Ma, Z; Tao, R; Vukovich, NP; Zhang, G, 2009)		0.35
" Clozapine and olanzapine have the safest therapeutic effect, while the side effect of neutropenia must be controlled by 3 weekly blood controls."( Safety of antipsychotic drugs: focus on therapeutic and adverse effects.
Coveñas, R; Werner, FM, 2014)		0.4
"This meta-analysis indicates that flibanserin to be an effective and safe treatment for HSDD in women."( Efficacy and Safety of Flibanserin in Women with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Cui, Y; Gao, Z; Yang, D; Yu, L, 2015)		0.42
" The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) was analyzed to generate hypotheses about how SGAs may interact with pharmacological targets associated with SS."( Association Between Serotonin Syndrome and Second-Generation Antipsychotics via Pharmacological Target-Adverse Event Analysis.
Burkhart, K; Jackson, D; Racz, R; Soldatos, TG, 2018)		0.48
" Safety, including collection of adverse events and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPDRS III) scores, was assessed in patients who received ≥1 pimavanserin dose."( An Open-Label, 8-Week Study of Safety and Efficacy of Pimavanserin Treatment in Adults with Parkinson's Disease and Depression.
Abler, V; Aldred, JL; Alva, G; Cantillon, M; Coate, B; DeKarske, D; Jacobi, L; Norton, JC; Nunez, R, 2020)		0.56
" Twenty-one of 47 patients experienced 42 treatment-emergent adverse events; the most common by system organ class were gastrointestinal (n = 7; 14."( An Open-Label, 8-Week Study of Safety and Efficacy of Pimavanserin Treatment in Adults with Parkinson's Disease and Depression.
Abler, V; Aldred, JL; Alva, G; Cantillon, M; Coate, B; DeKarske, D; Jacobi, L; Norton, JC; Nunez, R, 2020)		0.56
" Adverse events (AEs), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores, and discontinuations assessed safety and tolerability."( Safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of SYN120, a dual 5-HT6/5-HT2A antagonist, for the treatment of Parkinson disease dementia: A randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept trial.
Eberling, J; Fernandez, HH; Kenney, CJ; Litvan, I; Macklin, E; Schwarzschild, MA; Videnovic, A; Weintraub, D, 2023)		0.91

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" To assess the potential of this therapeutic approach, we sought compounds possessing the following attributes: (a) potent and selective antagonism of the 5-HT(2B) receptor, (b) low impact of serum proteins on potency, and (c) desirable pharmacokinetic properties."( A new class of 5-HT2B antagonists possesses favorable potency, selectivity, and rat pharmacokinetic properties.
Choi, Y; Cogan, D; Flegg, A; Kahrs, A; Loke, P; Meyn, O; Moss, N; Nagaraja, R; Napier, S; Parker, A; Ramsden, P; Sarko, C; Skow, D; Thomas Peterson, J; Tomlinson, J; Tye, H; Whitaker, M, 2009)		0.35
" This study was designed to determine the contribution of these two 5-HT receptor subtypes to activation of the EUS and inhibition of micturition utilising pharmacokinetic knowledge to better control drug exposure."( 5-HT 2A receptor activation of the external urethral sphincter and 5-HT 2C receptor inhibition of micturition: a study based on pharmacokinetics in the anaesthetized female rat.
Gardiner, J; Mbaki, Y; McMurray, G; Ramage, AG, 2012)		0.38
" The validated method has been successfully applied to a human pharmacokinetic study of iloperidone and two active metabolites, P88 and P95, after oral administration of 4mg iloperidone tablets in 12 healthy Chinese volunteers."( Simultaneous determination of iloperidone and its two active metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: application to a pharmacokinetic study.
Fan, Y; He, X; Jia, M; Li, J; Li, W; Liu, M; Zhou, Y, 2013)		0.39
" The aim of the present study was to combine pharmacovigilance and pharmacodynamic data to investigate the association between dopamine D2, serotonin 5HT2A, and muscarinic M1 receptor occupancy and the risks of antipsychotic drug (AP)-induced movement disorders."( An original pharmacoepidemiological-pharmacodynamic method: application to antipsychotic-induced movement disorders.
Bégaud, B; Lapeyre-Mestre, M; Montastruc, F; Montastruc, JL; Nguyen, TT; Pariente, A; Rascol, O; Rousseau, V, 2017)		0.46
"Results from this study suggest that increased incidence of hypotension- and syncope-related events may result from a pharmacodynamic interaction between flibanserin and alcohol, although the clinical significance of these interactions in real-world populations remains unclear."( The pharmacodynamic effects of combined administration of flibanserin and alcohol.
Barbour, KA; Brown, L; Stahl, SM; Stevens, DM; Weems, JM, 2017)		0.46
" These data (Japanese, n = 509; Korean, n = 31; Taiwanese, n = 47) were used to describe the paliperidone palmitate pharmacokinetics in Japanese, to compare with non-Japanese, and to validate the historical population pharmacokinetic (Pop-PK) model for paliperidone palmitate, developed using data from studies in patients with schizophrenia outside Japan."( Population Pharmacokinetics of Paliperidone Palmitate (Once-Monthly Formulation) in Japanese, Korean, and Taiwanese Patients With Schizophrenia.
De Meulder, M; Gopal, S; Neyens, M; Remmerie, B; Samtani, MN; Shimizu, H; Tsukamoto, Y, 2020)		0.56

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"To assess the safety of AT-1015 in combination with high-dose aspirin (300 mg daily)."( Safety of AT-1015, a novel 5-HT2A antagonist, in combination with high-dose aspirin: an open-label study.
Anderson, D; Engert, D; Ilgenfritz, J; Kato, N; Onomichi, K; Shelley, S; Uchida, H, 2004)		0.32
"AT-1015 was safe and well-tolerated in healthy male volunteers when taken in combination with high-dose aspirin, and did not significantly prolong bleeding time compared with aspirin alone."( Safety of AT-1015, a novel 5-HT2A antagonist, in combination with high-dose aspirin: an open-label study.
Anderson, D; Engert, D; Ilgenfritz, J; Kato, N; Onomichi, K; Shelley, S; Uchida, H, 2004)		0.32

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Pharmacokinetic studies of MDL 100,907 in rats and dogs show that the drug is well absorbed but undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism to an active metabolite (MDL 105,725)."( Investigation of the CNS penetration of a potent 5-HT2a receptor antagonist (MDL 100,907) and an active metabolite (MDL 105,725) using in vivo microdialysis sampling in the rat.
Heath, TG; Scott, DO, 1998)		0.3
" Bioavailability lacking in the parent, 1-(2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-4-(phenylsulfonyl)piperidine (12), was introduced by using stability toward rat liver microsomes as a predictor of bioavailability."( 4-(Phenylsulfonyl)piperidines: novel, selective, and bioavailable 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists.
Bentley, G; Blurton, P; Bristow, LJ; Burkamp, F; Castro, JL; Chapman, K; Cheng, SK; Clarkson, R; Cook, GP; Fletcher, SR; Hutson, PH; MacLeod, AM; Marwood, R; O'Connor, D; Patel, S; Shepheard, S; Spinks, D; Tudge, M; van Niel, MB, 2002)		0.31
" Limited oral bioavailability of AC-90179 likely reflects rapid metabolism rather than poor absorption."( Pharmacological characterization of AC-90179 [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(4-methyl-benzyl)-N-(1-methyl-piperidin-4-yl)-acetamide hydrochloride]: a selective serotonin 2A receptor inverse agonist.
Andersson, CM; Bradley, SR; Brann, MR; Davis, RE; Hacksell, U; Harvey, SC; Kold, H; Makhay, M; Son, T; Spalding, TA; Tolf, BR; Vanover, KE; Veinbergs, I; Weiner, DM, 2004)		0.32
"6% oral bioavailability in rats."( Pharmacological and behavioral profile of N-(4-fluorophenylmethyl)-N-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-N'-(4-(2-methylpropyloxy)phenylmethyl) carbamide (2R,3R)-dihydroxybutanedioate (2:1) (ACP-103), a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) receptor inverse agonist.
Andersson, CM; Brann, MR; Burstein, ES; Davis, RE; Del Tredici, AL; Gardell, LR; Geyer, MA; Harvey, SC; Lameh, J; Makhay, M; Ott, TR; Piu, F; Powell, SB; Schiffer, HH; Schlienger, N; Son, TY; Thygesen, MB; Tolf, BR; Uldam, AK; Vanover, KE; Veinbergs, I; Weiner, DM, 2006)		0.33
" Not only does this work further demonstrate that oral bioavailability of a given series can be enhanced by improving physicochemical parameters such as log P, but it corroborates the growing evidence that a protonated amine is not essential for affinity at aminergic GPCRs."( Non-basic ligands for aminergic GPCRs: the discovery and development diaryl sulfones as selective, orally bioavailable 5-HT2A receptor antagonists for the treatment of sleep disorders.
Dominguez, M; Fish, R; Gilligan, M; Humphries, A; Ivarsson, M; Ladduwahetty, T; MacLeod, AM; McAlister, G; Merchant, KJ; O'Connor, D, 2010)		0.36
" These different physicochemical characteristics together with the stability of NaCNH-240 min to simulated intestinal digestion, allow prediction of a favourable outcome regarding the bioavailability of the bioactive peptides therein."( Milk protein hydrolysates activate 5-HT(2C) serotonin receptors: influence of the starting substrate and isolation of bioactive fractions.
Cryan, JF; Dinan, TG; FitzGerald, RJ; Nongonierma, AB; Schellekens, H, 2013)		0.39
"The aim of this study was to prepare a nasal gel of risperidone and to investigate the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of the drug in rats."( Preparation and in vivo evaluation of a gel-based nasal delivery system for risperidone.
Gu, F; Ma, W; Meng, G; Wang, Y; Wu, C, 2016)		0.43

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" After acquisition, the quipazine and ketanserin dose-response curves were found to be orderly and reproducible."( Neurochemical and behavioral evidence that quipazine-ketanserin discrimination is mediated by serotonin2A receptor.
Barrett, RJ; Sanders-Bush, E; Smith, RL, 1995)		0.29
" After the baseline scan each subject was studied three times post dosing at various time points."( Time course of 5-HT2A receptor occupancy in the human brain after a single oral dose of the putative antipsychotic drug MDL 100,907 measured by positron emission tomography.
Dannals, RF; Gründer, G; Howard, DR; Offord, SJ; Ravert, HT; Salzmann, JK; Szymanski, S; Wilson, PD; Wong, DF; Yokoi, F, 1997)		0.3
" One of the most important and difficult steps in the drug development process is defining the dose-response relationship."( The role of positron emission tomography in the drug development of M100907, a putative antipsychotic with a novel mechanism of action.
Nyberg, S; Offord, SJ; Wong, DF, 1999)		0.3
" The desensitization was dose-dependent, and it shifted the oxytocin and ACTH dose-response curves of 8-OH-DPAT to the right (increased ED(50)) with no change in their maximal responses (E(max))."( Characterization of the functional heterologous desensitization of hypothalamic 5-HT(1A) receptors after 5-HT(2A) receptor activation.
Battaglia, G; D'Souza, D; Garcia, F; Muma, NA; Raap, DK; Van de Kar, LD; Zhang, Y, 2001)		0.31
" The dose-response relationship indicated that percent drug lever responding was dose-dependent."( Discriminative stimulus properties of 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane [(+/-)DOI] in C57BL/6J mice.
Barrett, RJ; Sanders-Bush, E; Smith, RL, 2003)		0.32
" One study determined the dose-response relationship for AT1015 (N-[2-[4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidino]ethyl]-1-formyl-4-piperidinecarboxamide monohydrochloride monohydrate)."( The effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT2 receptor antagonists on nerve conduction velocity and endoneurial perfusion in diabetic rats.
Cameron, NE; Cotter, MA, 2003)		0.32
" The data suggest that daily dosing of > or =3 mg EMD 281014 should be sufficient to provide sustained high levels of 5HT2-receptor occupancy in future clinical trials."( EMD 281014, a specific and potent 5HT2 antagonist in humans: a dose-finding PET study.
Kapur, S; Mamo, D; Romach, MK; Sedman, E; Sellers, EM; Tillner, J, 2004)		0.32
"2 microg) and higher doses (2 and 5 microg) of SB-269970-A were less effective, indicating a bell-shaped dose-response curve."( 5-HT7 receptor subtype as a mediator of the serotonergic regulation of luteinizing hormone release in the zona incerta.
Abu-Amara, M; Aldairy, C; Hagan, JJ; Siddiqui, A; Wilson, C, 2004)		0.32
" The dose-response functions for 5-HT and (+/-)-1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) to elicit phosphoinositide hydrolysis did not differ in either HEK293 or NIH-3T3 fibroblasts expressing the receptor variants."( Pharmacological properties of the Cys23Ser single nucleotide polymorphism in human 5-HT2C receptor isoforms.
Backstrom, JR; Fentress, HM; Grinde, E; Herrick-Davis, K; Mazurkiewicz, JE; Sanders-Bush, E, 2005)		0.33
" There was no dose-response relationship with the agonist."( Maternal aggression in Wistar rats: effect of 5-HT2A/2C receptor agonist and antagonist microinjected into the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter and medial septum.
da Silva, SP; de Almeida, RM; de Oliveira, VP; Giovenardi, M; Stein, DJ, 2005)		0.33
" CD1 mice were dosed either acutely or chronically with either antidepressants or 5-HT receptor subtype selective antagonists."( Hippocampal Bcl-2 expression is selectively increased following chronic but not acute treatment with antidepressants, 5-HT(1A) or 5-HT(2C/2B) receptor antagonists.
Hutson, PH; Murray, F, 2007)		0.34
"25-1 mg/kg) did not alter the dose-response curve of nicotine, while DOI (0."( Effects of the serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor ligands on the discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine in rats.
Filip, M; McCreary, AC; Przegaliński, E; Zaniewska, M, 2007)		0.34
" In a series of follow-up studies using hallucinogen-induced head twitch response and phencyclidine-induced hyperlocomotion, it was additionally discovered that the repeated dosing regimen required for discrimination training attenuated the behavioral effects of the mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY379268."( Chronic phenethylamine hallucinogen treatment alters behavioral sensitivity to a metabotropic glutamate 2/3 receptor agonist.
Benneyworth, MA; Sanders-Bush, E; Smith, RL, 2008)		0.35
" Dose-response analyses were performed for various 5-HT(2A) antagonist reference agents, providing receptor occupancy ED(50) values in conjunction with plasma and brain concentration levels."( Validation of a rat in vivo [(3)H]M100907 binding assay to determine a translatable measure of 5-HT(2A) receptor occupancy.
Bowman, C; Buchholz, L; Buist, S; Campbell, JE; Galvan, B; Grimwood, S; Henry, B; Knauer, CS; Osgood, S; Shahid, M; Wong, EH, 2008)		0.35
"1 mg/kg) each shifted the dose-response curves of DOM, 2C-T-7, and DPT rightward in a parallel manner."( Discriminative stimulus effects of 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane in rhesus monkeys: antagonism and apparent pA2 analyses.
France, CP; Li, JX; Rice, KC, 2009)		0.35
" For the second test, novel object recognition (NOR), a separate batch of rats, had the same sub-chronic PCP dosing regime and washout period."( Sertindole improves sub-chronic PCP-induced reversal learning and episodic memory deficits in rodents: involvement of 5-HT(6) and 5-HT (2A) receptor mechanisms.
Arnt, J; Bang-Andersen, B; Brennum, LT; Grayson, B; Idris, N; Neill, J; Witten, LM, 2010)		0.36
" In vivo binding studies showed that the dose-response relationship for sertindole in this study most closely correlates with affinity for 5-HT(6) receptor in vivo binding in striatum, although contribution from binding to 5-HT(2A) receptors in vivo in cortex may also provide an important mechanism."( Sertindole improves sub-chronic PCP-induced reversal learning and episodic memory deficits in rodents: involvement of 5-HT(6) and 5-HT (2A) receptor mechanisms.
Arnt, J; Bang-Andersen, B; Brennum, LT; Grayson, B; Idris, N; Neill, J; Witten, LM, 2010)		0.36
" Dose-response curves to intravenous (i."( Role of 5-HT2A, 5-HT4 and 5-HT7 receptors in the antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea-pigs.
Arreola, JL; Campos-Bedolla, P; Chávez, J; Córdoba-Rodríguez, G; García-Hernández, LM; Méndez, C; Montaño, LM; Ruiz, V; Segura, P; Vargas, MH, 2010)		0.36
" The effects of the phenethylamine hallucinogen R(-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) on head-twitch behavior were studied over a range of doses in the mouse, generating a characteristic biphasic dose-response curve."( Interaction of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in R(-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine-elicited head twitch behavior in mice.
Cohen, MS; Fantegrossi, WE; Henson, CM; Rice, KC; Simoneau, J; Woods, JH; Zimmerman, SM, 2010)		0.36
" At week 24, women who showed a predefined response, measured using an eDiary, were randomized to 24 weeks of continued flibanserin therapy at optimized dosage (N = 163) or placebo (N = 170)."( Continued efficacy and safety of flibanserin in premenopausal women with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD): results from a randomized withdrawal trial.
Breaux, J; Goldfischer, ER; Katz, M; Kaufman, J; Kimura, T; Pyke, R; Sand, M; Smith, WB, 2011)		0.37
" There were no differences in treatment outcomes between quetiapine 300 mg/day and 600 mg/day dosage groups."( Quetiapine: a review of its use in the management of bipolar depression.
Keating, GM; Sanford, M, 2012)		0.38
" Valdoxan was used on the night in dosage 25-50 mg during 8 weeks."( [A comparative evaluation of the efficacy of valdoxan (agomelatine) in recurrent depression and bipolar affective disorder].
Smirnova, VN; Tiuvina, NA, 2012)		0.38
"To assess the acute and chronic dose-response effects of flibanserin on measures of sexual desire and copulation in ovariectomized rats primed with estradiol benzoate (EB) alone or in combination with progesterone (P)."( Flibanserin treatment increases appetitive sexual motivation in the female rat.
Allers, KA; Gelez, H; Giuliano, F; Greggain-Mohr, J; Pfaus, JG, 2013)		0.39
" The doses of modulators were selected on the basis of dose-response studies."( Effects of agomelatine in a murine model of obsessive-compulsive disorder: interaction with meta-chlorophenylpiperazine, bicuculline, and diazepam.
Bhutada, P; Deshmukh, P; Dixit, P; Kaulaskar, S; Thakur, K, 2013)		0.39
"A randomised placebo-controlled "dose relation study" was conducted in 549 patients who met the criteria for major depressive disorder, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three doses regimens of agomelatine during 6 weeks: low fixed dosage (10 mg/day, n=133), fixed dosage (25 mg/day, n=138) and a flexible dosage with up-titration in case of insufficient improvement at week 2 (25-50 mg/day, n=137)."( A placebo-controlled study of three agomelatine dose regimens (10 mg, 25 mg, 25-50 mg) in patients with major depressive disorder.
Avedisova, A; Belaïdi, C; de Bodinat, C; Giménez-Montesinos, N; Kennedy, SH, 2014)		0.4
"In experiments I and II, a dose-response curve for AMPH-induced 50-kHz USV was established, and the partial dependency of AMPH-induced 50-kHz USV on DA neurotransmission was validated by pretreatment with the D2-antagonist eticlopride."( Critical involvement of 5-HT2C receptor function in amphetamine-induced 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in rats.
Rippberger, H; Schwarting, RK; van Gaalen, MM; Wöhr, M, 2015)		0.42
" The selective 5-HT2A antagonist ketanserin was administered after each DOI dose-response curve was plotted."( Serotonin (5-HT)2A/2C receptor agonist (2,5-dimethoxy-4-idophenyl)-2-aminopropane hydrochloride (DOI) improves voiding efficiency in the diabetic rat.
Andersson, KE; Cao, N; Chen, Z; Gu, B; Si, J; Tu, H, 2015)		0.42
"BALB/c mice were dosed intraperitoneally with 5, 15, 30, 40, or 50 mg/kg sarpogrelate 48, 24, and 0 hours prior to bright light exposure (10,000 lux) as well as 24 and 48 hours after exposure."( Sarpogrelate, a 5-HT2A Receptor Antagonist, Protects the Retina From Light-Induced Retinopathy.
Coyner, AS; Datta, S; Gale, MJ; Ku, C; Nicholson, A; Pennesi, ME; Regis, D; Ryals, RC; Sinha, W; Tullis, BE; Wen, Y; Yang, P, 2015)		0.42
" The present paper addresses the effects on vigilance states of the mGluR2 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) JNJ-40411813 at different circadian times in rats and after afternoon dosing in humans."( Translational neurophysiological markers for activity of the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR2) modulator JNJ-40411813: Sleep EEG correlates in rodents and healthy men.
Ahnaou, A; Cid, JM; de Boer, P; Drinkenburg, WH; Huysmans, H; Kemp, JA; Lavreysen, H; Macdonald, GJ; Raeymaekers, L; Sinha, V; Van De Casteele, T; Van Nueten, L, 2016)		0.43
" The active dosage is very low, supposed to be less than 100 µg."( Retrospective Demonstration of 25I-NBOMe Acute Poisoning Using Hair Analysis.
Ameline, A; Farrugia, A; Kintz, P; Raul, JS, 2017)		0.46
" In particular, little is known about the incorporation into the keratin matrix after intake and the correlation between dosage frequency of use, and hair concentrations."( Retrospective Demonstration of 25I-NBOMe Acute Poisoning Using Hair Analysis.
Ameline, A; Farrugia, A; Kintz, P; Raul, JS, 2017)		0.46
" Volinanserin also increased PPI in control and MK-801-treated mice, presenting an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve."( Effects of combined 5-HT
Cardoso, AR; Castro, NG; Hammes, CSO; Macena, MV; Marques, AM; Neves, GA; Pinheiro, FML, 2020)		0.56
" The starting dosage of 20 mg of pimavanserin or placebo could be adjusted to 34 mg or 10 mg within the first 8 weeks of the study, after which dosage remained stable until the end of the study."( Pimavanserin for negative symptoms of schizophrenia: results from the ADVANCE phase 2 randomised, placebo-controlled trial in North America and Europe.
Abbs, B; Arango, C; Bugarski-Kirola, D; Fava, M; Liu, IY; Nasrallah, H; Stankovic, S, 2022)		0.72
" However, given the small effect size, further investigation with optimised dosing is warranted to determine the clinical significance of this effect."( Pimavanserin for negative symptoms of schizophrenia: results from the ADVANCE phase 2 randomised, placebo-controlled trial in North America and Europe.
Abbs, B; Arango, C; Bugarski-Kirola, D; Fava, M; Liu, IY; Nasrallah, H; Stankovic, S, 2022)		0.72
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (19)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency46.52680.000714.592883.7951AID1259369; AID1259392
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency48.96620.001019.414170.9645AID743094
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency61.13060.000323.4451159.6830AID743065; AID743067
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency27.30600.000627.21521,122.0200AID743202
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.00000.00010.532610.0000AID415453
D(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.53750.00000.651810.0000AID238191; AID415456; AID62900; AID90683
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.00090.00010.601710.0000AID238249; AID320831; AID415447; AID415455; AID5521; AID5544
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.42000.00010.949010.0000AID37304
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.42000.00000.575110.0000AID37304
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.00480.00010.88018.8500AID1391065
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.00050.00000.385510.0000AID238269; AID320830; AID483025; AID5173; AID5187; AID5189; AID5199; AID537325
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.09240.00010.954910.0000AID238270; AID415452; AID483026; AID537327; AID5868
Histamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.00000.00000.511010.0000AID537324
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.01300.00020.484110.0000AID5868
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.25890.00030.769310.0000AID537326
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.42000.00000.965010.0000AID37304
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki1.06001.06001.06001.0600AID217617
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)Ki1.10000.00211.840710.0000AID217473; AID238178; AID397743; AID483027
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Ki0.00010.00010.23581.5000AID5521
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.01300.00020.502310.0000AID5868
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.00010.00010.03980.0794AID1855093
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (226)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
behavioral fear response5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of serotonin secretion5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of vasoconstriction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
exploration behavior5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine metabolic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin metabolic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of hormone secretion5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of behavior5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathwayD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
temperature homeostasisD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxiaD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein phosphorylationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to amphetamineD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nervous system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressureD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rateD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of sodium ion transportD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor internalizationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuroblast proliferationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor internalizationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
autophagyD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathwayD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuron-neuron synaptic transmissionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
axonogenesisD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synapse assemblyD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of smellD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
long-term memoryD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
grooming behaviorD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
locomotory behaviorD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adult walking behaviorD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein localizationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
associative learningD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
visual learningD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to light stimulusD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substanceD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to iron ionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to inactivityD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
Wnt signaling pathwayD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
striatum developmentD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
orbitofrontal cortex developmentD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migrationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenohypophysis developmentD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migrationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
peristalsisD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
auditory behaviorD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergicD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokinesisD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expressionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of dopamine secretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to histamineD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to nicotineD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of urine volumeD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of renal sodium excretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of multicellular organism growthD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to cocaineD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleepD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine metabolic processD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
drinking behaviorD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of potassium ion transportD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to morphineD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
pigmentationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transductionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of blood pressureD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of innate immune responseD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IID(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin secretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
acid secretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to cocaineD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to ethanolD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticityD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to axon injuryD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
branching morphogenesis of a nerveD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid secretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell proliferationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein secretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosolD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of synapse structural plasticityD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transductionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergicD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of growth hormone secretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
prepulse inhibitionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathwayD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behaviorD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmissionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmissionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cellular response to hypoxiaD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor productionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
hyaloid vascular plexus regressionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron migrationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine secretionD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activityD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathwayD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activityD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascadeD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
temperature homeostasis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
glycolytic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
activation of phospholipase C activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
memory5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine secretion5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
artery smooth muscle contraction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of heat generation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein localization to cytoskeleton5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fat cell differentiation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glycolytic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstriction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cell5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
sensitization5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to cocaine5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory response5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of platelet aggregation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral fear response5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
locomotory behavior5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
feeding behavior5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
cGMP-mediated signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of nervous system process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of appetite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fat cell differentiation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
inflammatory responseHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
memoryHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
visual learningHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of vascular permeabilityHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstrictionHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic plasticityHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to histamineHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathwayHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neural crest cell migration5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor internalization5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
heart morphogenesis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle hypertrophy5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
activation of phospholipase C activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
neural crest cell differentiation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
intestine smooth muscle contraction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
phosphorylation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
cGMP-mediated signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
vasoconstriction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
embryonic morphogenesis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of behavior5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell division5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to temperature stimulus5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
gastrin-induced gastric acid secretionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
glucose metabolic processPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
heart developmentPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of soundPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
rhythmic behaviorPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart contractionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressurePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of heart ratePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
iodide transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
erythrocyte differentiationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular chloride ion homeostasisPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to insulinPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
social behaviorPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
corticosterone secretionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
inner ear morphogenesisPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
inner ear developmentPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
intestinal absorptionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of soundPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion homeostasisPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle contractionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
auditory receptor cell developmentPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle contractionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gastric acid secretionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
stomach developmentPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
renal absorptionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
renal sodium ion absorptionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cAMPPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to epinephrine stimulusPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell contractionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
atrial cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conductionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cochlea developmentPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion export across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
non-motile cilium assemblyPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conductionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by hormonePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion homeostasisPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle contractionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conductionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion export across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (38)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
receptor-receptor interaction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/GoD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G-protein alpha-subunit bindingD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
heterotrimeric G-protein bindingD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine bindingD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor bindingD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
heterocyclic compound bindingD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activityD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase activator activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
histamine receptor activityHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activityHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activityHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G-protein alpha-subunit binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
GTPase activator activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
delayed rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
delayed rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 1 bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
outward rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase A catalytic subunit bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase A regulatory subunit bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
inward rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
delayed rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
C3HC4-type RING finger domain bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (51)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
acrosomal vesicleD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
ciliumD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
lateral plasma membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
endocytic vesicleD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
axonD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dendriteD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
sperm flagellumD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dendritic spineD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
perikaryonD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
axon terminusD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
ciliary membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
non-motile ciliumD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dopaminergic synapseD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapseD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor complexD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapseD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneD(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neurofilament5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
caveola5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
axon5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
dendritic shaft5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
cell body fiber5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synapseHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dendriteHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
early endosomePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
lysosomePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
early endosomePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
late endosomePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel complexPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
transport vesiclePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projectionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raftPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
ciliary basePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral part of cellPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion channel complexPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfacePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel complexPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
inward rectifier potassium channel complexPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (66)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID624218Antagonists at Human 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 5-HT2B2004Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, Aug, Volume: 370, Issue:2
Pharmacological characterisation of the agonist radioligand binding site of 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(2C) receptors.
AID1346867Human 5-HT2B receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)2004Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, Aug, Volume: 370, Issue:2
Pharmacological characterisation of the agonist radioligand binding site of 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(2C) receptors.
AID624223Antagonists at Human 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 5-HT2A2004Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, Aug, Volume: 370, Issue:2
Pharmacological characterisation of the agonist radioligand binding site of 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(2C) receptors.
AID1259419Human 5-HT2A receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)2001Molecular pharmacology, Oct, Volume: 60, Issue:4
Multiple conformations of native and recombinant human 5-hydroxytryptamine(2a) receptors are labeled by agonists and discriminated by antagonists.
AID1346893Human 5-HT2C receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)1999British journal of pharmacology, Feb, Volume: 126, Issue:3
Attenuation of haloperidol-induced catalepsy by a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist.
AID624218Antagonists at Human 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 5-HT2B1999British journal of pharmacology, Feb, Volume: 126, Issue:3
Attenuation of haloperidol-induced catalepsy by a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist.
AID1346867Human 5-HT2B receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)1999British journal of pharmacology, Feb, Volume: 126, Issue:3
Attenuation of haloperidol-induced catalepsy by a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist.
AID624223Antagonists at Human 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 5-HT2A1999British journal of pharmacology, Feb, Volume: 126, Issue:3
Attenuation of haloperidol-induced catalepsy by a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist.
AID1346893Human 5-HT2C receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)2004Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, Aug, Volume: 370, Issue:2
Pharmacological characterisation of the agonist radioligand binding site of 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(2C) receptors.
AID624223Antagonists at Human 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 5-HT2A2001Molecular pharmacology, Oct, Volume: 60, Issue:4
Multiple conformations of native and recombinant human 5-hydroxytryptamine(2a) receptors are labeled by agonists and discriminated by antagonists.
AID1259419Human 5-HT2A receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)2004Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, Aug, Volume: 370, Issue:2
Pharmacological characterisation of the agonist radioligand binding site of 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(2C) receptors.
AID1259419Human 5-HT2A receptor (5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors)1999British journal of pharmacology, Feb, Volume: 126, Issue:3
Attenuation of haloperidol-induced catalepsy by a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist.
AID28112Maximum blood concentration after oral dose of 1.2 mg/kg2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
4-(Phenylsulfonyl)piperidines: novel, selective, and bioavailable 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists.
AID37304Binding affinity for displacement of [3H]prazosin to rat Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor stably expressed in rat cortical membranes2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
4-(Phenylsulfonyl)piperidines: novel, selective, and bioavailable 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists.
AID320831Displacement of [3H]MDL from rat 5HT2A receptor expressed in GF62 cells2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4
Total synthesis and evaluation of [18F]MHMZ.
AID315816Antagonist activity at human recombinant 5HT2B receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as increase in calcium levels2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
2-Alkyl-4-aryl-pyrimidine fused heterocycles as selective 5-HT2A antagonists.
AID5868Binding affinity for displacement of [3H]mesulergine to human 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor stably expressed in CHO cells2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
4-(Phenylsulfonyl)piperidines: novel, selective, and bioavailable 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists.
AID415451Lipophilicity, log P in Soerensen buffer by HPLC2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 17, Issue:8
Synthesis and in vitro affinities of various MDL 100907 derivatives as potential 18F-radioligands for 5-HT2A receptor imaging with PET.
AID238249Binding affinity against rat 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor2005Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 15, Issue:16
4-Fluorosulfonylpiperidines: selective 5-HT2A ligands for the treatment of insomnia.
AID415452Binding affinity to 5HT2C receptor by competitive binding experiment2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 17, Issue:8
Synthesis and in vitro affinities of various MDL 100907 derivatives as potential 18F-radioligands for 5-HT2A receptor imaging with PET.
AID415455Displacement of [3H]MDL100907 from rat cortical membrane 5HT2A receptor2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 17, Issue:8
Synthesis and in vitro affinities of various MDL 100907 derivatives as potential 18F-radioligands for 5-HT2A receptor imaging with PET.
AID1391066Agonist activity at human recombinant 5-HT2A receptor expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as induction of calcium release incubated for 15 mins measured every 1.7 secs for 60 secs by calcium 4 dye-based FLIPR assay2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 05-01, Volume: 28, Issue:8
Synthesis and activity of functionalizable derivatives of the serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT
AID29942Volume of distribution calculated from dosing intravenously2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
4-(Phenylsulfonyl)piperidines: novel, selective, and bioavailable 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists.
AID1391065Antagonist activity at human recombinant 5-HT2A receptor expressed in CHOK1 cells assessed as inhibition of serotonin-induced calcium release preincubated for 15 mins followed by 5-HT addition measured every 1.7 secs for 60 secs by calcium 4 dye-based FLI2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 05-01, Volume: 28, Issue:8
Synthesis and activity of functionalizable derivatives of the serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT
AID62900Ability to displace [3H]-spiperone from CHO cells expressing human Dopamine receptor D2 was determined2000Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-18, Volume: 10, Issue:24
Solid-phase synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted indoles: discovery of a novel, high-affinity, selective h5-HT2A antagonist.
AID1814105Inhibition of human c-YFP fused CB1R/n-YFP fused 5HT2A receptor heterodimer formation expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in pERK level preincubated for 15 mins followed by DOI stimulation for 7 mins by microplate reader method2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-27, Volume: 64, Issue:10
Orally Active Peptide Vector Allows Using Cannabis to Fight Pain While Avoiding Side Effects.
AID5199Binding affinity for human 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 44, Issue:4
Current and novel approaches to the drug treatment of schizophrenia.
AID315815Antagonist activity at human recombinant 5HT2A receptor expressed in mouse NIH3T3 cells assessed as increase in calcium levels2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
2-Alkyl-4-aryl-pyrimidine fused heterocycles as selective 5-HT2A antagonists.
AID537324Antagonist activity against human histamine H1 receptor expressed in CHO cells by FLIPR assay2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-11, Volume: 53, Issue:21
Novel spirotetracyclic zwitterionic dual H(1)/5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists for the treatment of sleep disorders.
AID25459Area under concentration-time curve for 0-4 hr after oral dose of 1.2 mg/kg2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
4-(Phenylsulfonyl)piperidines: novel, selective, and bioavailable 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists.
AID415447Displacement of [3H]MDL from rat 5HT2A receptor expressed in GF62 cells by liquid scintillation analyser2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 17, Issue:8
Synthesis and in vitro affinities of various MDL 100907 derivatives as potential 18F-radioligands for 5-HT2A receptor imaging with PET.
AID23872Clearance from plasma calculated following intravenous dosing2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
4-(Phenylsulfonyl)piperidines: novel, selective, and bioavailable 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists.
AID415456Binding affinity to dopamine D2 receptor by competitive binding experiment2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 17, Issue:8
Synthesis and in vitro affinities of various MDL 100907 derivatives as potential 18F-radioligands for 5-HT2A receptor imaging with PET.
AID5189Binding affinity for displacement of [3H]ketanserin to human 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor stably expressed in CHO cells2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
4-(Phenylsulfonyl)piperidines: novel, selective, and bioavailable 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists.
AID238178Binding affinity against human IKr channel2005Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 15, Issue:16
4-Fluorosulfonylpiperidines: selective 5-HT2A ligands for the treatment of insomnia.
AID320830Binding affinity to 5HT2A receptor2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4
Total synthesis and evaluation of [18F]MHMZ.
AID27789Mean residence time following intravenous dosing2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
4-(Phenylsulfonyl)piperidines: novel, selective, and bioavailable 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists.
AID483028Selectivity ratio of Ki for human 5HT2C receptor to Ki for human 5HT2A receptor2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12
Non-basic ligands for aminergic GPCRs: the discovery and development diaryl sulfones as selective, orally bioavailable 5-HT2A receptor antagonists for the treatment of sleep disorders.
AID483025Displacement of [3H]- ketanserin from human 5HT2A receptor expressed CHO cells2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12
Non-basic ligands for aminergic GPCRs: the discovery and development diaryl sulfones as selective, orally bioavailable 5-HT2A receptor antagonists for the treatment of sleep disorders.
AID315817Antagonist activity at human recombinant 5HT2C receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as increase in calcium levels2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
2-Alkyl-4-aryl-pyrimidine fused heterocycles as selective 5-HT2A antagonists.
AID1814103Inhibition of human c-YFP fused CB1R/n-YFP fused 5HT2A receptor heterodimer formation expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as decrease in forskolin induced cAMP level preincubated for 15 mins forskolin and DOI stimulation and measured after 15 mins by HTRF2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-27, Volume: 64, Issue:10
Orally Active Peptide Vector Allows Using Cannabis to Fight Pain While Avoiding Side Effects.
AID238191Binding affinity against human Dopamine receptor D22005Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 15, Issue:16
4-Fluorosulfonylpiperidines: selective 5-HT2A ligands for the treatment of insomnia.
AID483029Metabolic stability in human liver microsomes assessed as compound remaining at 1 M after 0.25 hrs by LC/MS/MS analysis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12
Non-basic ligands for aminergic GPCRs: the discovery and development diaryl sulfones as selective, orally bioavailable 5-HT2A receptor antagonists for the treatment of sleep disorders.
AID415457Binding affinity to alpha1 adrenergic receptor by competitive binding experiment2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 17, Issue:8
Synthesis and in vitro affinities of various MDL 100907 derivatives as potential 18F-radioligands for 5-HT2A receptor imaging with PET.
AID415453Binding affinity to 5-HT1A receptor by competitive binding experiment2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 17, Issue:8
Synthesis and in vitro affinities of various MDL 100907 derivatives as potential 18F-radioligands for 5-HT2A receptor imaging with PET.
AID29439Bioavailability2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
4-(Phenylsulfonyl)piperidines: novel, selective, and bioavailable 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists.
AID537325Antagonist activity at human 5HT2A receptor expressed in HEK cells assessed as inhibition of intracellular calcium accumulation by aequorin assay2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-11, Volume: 53, Issue:21
Novel spirotetracyclic zwitterionic dual H(1)/5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists for the treatment of sleep disorders.
AID5521Binding affinity for displacement of [3H]ketanserin to rat 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor stably expressed in CHO cells2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
4-(Phenylsulfonyl)piperidines: novel, selective, and bioavailable 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists.
AID238269Binding affinity against human 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor2005Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 15, Issue:16
4-Fluorosulfonylpiperidines: selective 5-HT2A ligands for the treatment of insomnia.
AID5187Binding affinity against 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor in humans2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 45, Issue:11
Synthesis, receptor potency, and selectivity of halogenated diphenylpiperidines as serotonin 5-HT2A ligands for PET or SPECT brain imaging.
AID217473Displacement of [3H]-dofetilide to HEK cells stably expressing hERG voltage-gated IKr potassium channel Kv11.12002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
4-(Phenylsulfonyl)piperidines: novel, selective, and bioavailable 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists.
AID483026Displacement of [3H]mesulergine from human 5HT2C receptor expressed CHO cells2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12
Non-basic ligands for aminergic GPCRs: the discovery and development diaryl sulfones as selective, orally bioavailable 5-HT2A receptor antagonists for the treatment of sleep disorders.
AID397743Inhibition of human ERG channel2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 52, Issue:14
Side chain flexibilities in the human ether-a-go-go related gene potassium channel (hERG) together with matched-pair binding studies suggest a new binding mode for channel blockers.
AID1855093Binding affinity to human brain homogenate 5-HT2A assessed as dissociation constant by quantitative autoradiographic analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-25, Volume: 65, Issue:16
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging Tracers for Serotonin Receptors.
AID483027Displacement of [3H]-dofetilide from human ERG receptor expressed HEK cells2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12
Non-basic ligands for aminergic GPCRs: the discovery and development diaryl sulfones as selective, orally bioavailable 5-HT2A receptor antagonists for the treatment of sleep disorders.
AID238270Binding affinity against human 5-hydroxytryptamine 2c receptor2005Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 15, Issue:16
4-Fluorosulfonylpiperidines: selective 5-HT2A ligands for the treatment of insomnia.
AID483024Ex vivo receptor occupancy of 5HT2A receptor in rat brain at 10 mg/kg, po after 0.5 hrs2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12
Non-basic ligands for aminergic GPCRs: the discovery and development diaryl sulfones as selective, orally bioavailable 5-HT2A receptor antagonists for the treatment of sleep disorders.
AID1814102Inhibition of human c-YFP fused CB1R/n-YFP fused 5HT2A receptor heterodimer formation expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as decrease in forskolin induced cAMP level preincubated for 15 mins forskolin and WIN 55,212-2 stimulation and measured after 15 min2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-27, Volume: 64, Issue:10
Orally Active Peptide Vector Allows Using Cannabis to Fight Pain While Avoiding Side Effects.
AID5544Binding affinity towards rat 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 44, Issue:4
Current and novel approaches to the drug treatment of schizophrenia.
AID537326Antagonist activity at human 5HT2B receptor expressed in human SH-SY5Y cells by FLIPR assay2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-11, Volume: 53, Issue:21
Novel spirotetracyclic zwitterionic dual H(1)/5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists for the treatment of sleep disorders.
AID1814104Inhibition of human c-YFP fused CB1R/n-YFP fused 5HT2A receptor heterodimer formation expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as increase in pERK level preincubated for 15 mins followed by WIN 55,212-2 stimulation for 7 mins by microplate reader method2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-27, Volume: 64, Issue:10
Orally Active Peptide Vector Allows Using Cannabis to Fight Pain While Avoiding Side Effects.
AID5173Ability to displace [3H]ketanserin from CHO cells expressing human 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor was determined2000Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-18, Volume: 10, Issue:24
Solid-phase synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted indoles: discovery of a novel, high-affinity, selective h5-HT2A antagonist.
AID217617Binding affinity at Voltage-gated potassium channel2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 44, Issue:4
Current and novel approaches to the drug treatment of schizophrenia.
AID27671Plasma half life period was determined in human2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 44, Issue:4
Current and novel approaches to the drug treatment of schizophrenia.
AID90683Binding affinity for displacement of [3H]spiperone to human dopamine D2 (hD2) receptors stably expressed in CHO cells2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
4-(Phenylsulfonyl)piperidines: novel, selective, and bioavailable 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists.
AID537327Antagonist activity at human 5HT2C receptor expressed in human SH-SY5Y cells by FLIPR assay2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-11, Volume: 53, Issue:21
Novel spirotetracyclic zwitterionic dual H(1)/5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists for the treatment of sleep disorders.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (1,204)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's62 (5.15)18.2507
2000's499 (41.45)29.6817
2010's572 (47.51)24.3611
2020's71 (5.90)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 28.34

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index28.34 (24.57)
Research Supply Index7.18 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.25 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index25.55 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (28.34)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials65 (5.24%)5.53%
Reviews113 (9.11%)6.00%
Case Studies21 (1.69%)4.05%
Observational1 (0.08%)0.25%
Other1,041 (83.88%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		3.98130amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.		3.6490hydroxytryptophanhuman metabolite;
neurotransmitter
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		2.9940monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
adenine
[no description available]		2.46206-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
butyric acid
Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.		2.1510fatty acid 4:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		human urinary metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
choline
[no description available]		2.0210cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phloroglucinol
Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.		2.0510benzenetriol;
phenolic donor		algal metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.		2.940catechols;
dihydroxyphenylacetic acid		human metabolite
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		2.7830aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		2.4420alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
histamine
[no description available]		2.0310aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.		1.9910hydroxyphenylalanine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine derivative		human metabolite
melatonin
[no description available]		10.72192acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
naphthalene
[no description available]		2.0810naphthalenes;
ortho-fused bicyclic arene		apoptosis inhibitor;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
nickel
Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.		2.0610metal allergen;
nickel group element atom		epitope;
micronutrient
palmitic acid
Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.		2.0810long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
phenethylamine
phenethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7016. 2-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position.		2.4720alkaloid;
aralkylamine;
phenylethylamine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pyrogallol
benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.		2.0810benzenetriol;
phenolic donor		plant metabolite
spermine
[no description available]		2.0610polyazaalkane;
tetramine		antioxidant;
fundamental metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
toluene
methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.		2.5720methylbenzene;
toluenes;
volatile organic compound		cholinergic antagonist;
fuel additive;
neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
tryptamine
[no description available]		2.4520aminoalkylindole;
aralkylamino compound;
indole alkaloid;
tryptamines		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		12.39376isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate
2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.		2.4420non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidNMDA receptor antagonist
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin
8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively		6.12380phenols;
tertiary amino compound;
tetralins		serotonergic antagonist
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.		2.9240non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
sk&f 82958
[no description available]		2.4120benzazepine
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist		3.1350
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd without isomeric designation; a serotonin agonist. 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-methylethylamine : An organoiodine compound that is amphetamine bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 5 as well as an iodo substituent at position 4.		5.78840amphetamines;
dimethoxybenzene;
organoiodine compound
gallopamil
Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.		2.0210benzenes;
organic amino compound
normetanephrine
Normetanephrine: A methylated metabolite of norepinephrine that is excreted in the urine and found in certain tissues. It is a marker for tumors.		1.9910catecholamine
sk&f-38393
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.. 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8.. SKF 38393 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-SKF 38393		2.4320benzazepine;
catechols;
secondary amino compound
1h-3-benzazepin-7-ol, 8-bromo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-
1H-3-benzazepin-7-ol, 8-bromo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-: stereoselective antagonist of dopamine receptor		2.0310benzazepine
1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide
1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide: RN given refers to parent cp; a 5-HT3 receptor agonist		2.0210biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.		4.64260monochlorobenzenes;
N-arylpiperazine		drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
serotonergic agonist;
xenobiotic
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		2.0210aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.		2.3110methylpyridines;
phenylpyridine;
tetrahydropyridine		neurotoxin
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate: is a novel membrane-penetrable modulator and transient receptor potential channel blocker; structure in first source; do not confuse with 2-APB cpd. 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane : An organoboron compound that is diphenylborane in which the borane hydrogen is replaced by a 2-aminoethoxy group.		2.1110organoboron compound;
primary amino compound		calcium channel blocker;
IP3 receptor antagonist;
potassium channel opener
3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine: An amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters. It is a hallucinogen. It is less toxic than its methylated derivative but in sufficient doses may still destroy serotonergic neurons and has been used for that purpose experimentally.		2.3820benzodioxoles
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.		6.62272amphetamines;
benzodioxoles		neurotoxin
4-aminopyridine
[no description available]		2.0810aminopyridine;
aromatic amine		avicide;
orphan drug;
potassium channel blocker
homovanillic acid
Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.		2.940guaiacols;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenytoin
[no description available]		2.0310imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
5-carboxamidotryptamine
5-carboxamidotryptamine: agonist of 5-HT receptor; structure given in first source		3.1250tryptamines
hydroxyindoleacetic acid
(5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.		2.7230indole-3-acetic acidsdrug metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
5-methoxytryptamine
5-Methoxytryptamine: Serotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives.. 5-methoxytryptamine : A member of the class of tryptamines that is the methyl ether derivative of serotonin.		2.4620aromatic ether;
primary amino compound;
tryptamines		5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonist;
5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor agonist;
5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor agonist;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
radiation protective agent;
serotonergic agonist
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		2.4920acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
alosetron
alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.		2.0510imidazoles;
pyridoindole		antiemetic;
gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic antagonist
alpha-methylserotonin
alpha-methylserotonin: potent agonist at M & D receptors of serotonin; RN given refers to parent cpd		3.98130tryptaminesserotonergic agonist
alprazolam
Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.		2.0210organochlorine compound;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
am 251
AM 251: an analog of SR141716A; structure given in first source. AM-251 : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.		3.1950amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
organoiodine compound;
pyrazoles		antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
CB1 receptor antagonist
theophylline
[no description available]		2.0810dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
dan 2163
[no description available]		3.4111aromatic amide;
aromatic amine;
benzamides;
pyrrolidines;
sulfone		environmental contaminant;
second generation antipsychotic;
xenobiotic
amitriptyline
Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.		2.4920carbotricyclic compound;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
amoxapine
Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.		2.0510dibenzooxazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
acetovanillone
apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.		2.0610acetophenones;
aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone		antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug;
plant metabolite
aristolochic acid i
aristolochic acid I: phospholipase A inhibitor. aristolochic acid A : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.		2.3110aristolochic acids;
aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
cyclic acetal;
monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mutagen;
nephrotoxin;
toxin
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		4.732benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
atenolol
Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.		2.0310ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
sympatholytic agent;
xenobiotic
azasetron
azasetron: a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source;		3.1410benzoxazine
baclofen
[no description available]		2.7930amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant
bay-k-8644
3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.		2.2510(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
bisindolylmaleimide i
bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide		2.4420
bromperidol
bromperidol: bromine-substituted for chlorine in haloperidol; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure		2.0810aromatic ketone
brotizolam
brotizolam: structure		2.0410organic molecular entity
bupranolol
Bupranolol: An adrenergic-beta-2 antagonist that has been used for cardiac arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hypertension, glaucoma, and as an antithrombotic.		2.0310aromatic ether
buspirone
Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.		2.7730azaspiro compound;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
piperidones;
pyrimidines		anxiolytic drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
sedative;
serotonergic agonist
busulfan
[no description available]		2.0310methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
insect sterilant;
teratogenic agent
caffeine
[no description available]		2.0510purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
carvedilol
[no description available]		2.2110carbazoles;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
cgs 12066
4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline : A pyrroloquinoxaline that is pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline bearing additional 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 4 and 7 respectively. A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (5-HT1B) full agonist, 10-fold selective over 5-HT1A and 1000-fold selective over 5-HT2C receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration.		2.0210N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
pyrroloquinoxaline		serotonergic agonist
chelerythrine
chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.		2.0110benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
organic cation		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		2.8330organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
cilostazol
[no description available]		2.0710lactam;
tetrazoles		anticoagulant;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
fibrin modulating drug;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cisapride
Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.		2.4620benzamides
citalopram
Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.		6.792232-benzofurans;
cyclic ether;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		2.0510clonidine;
imidazoline
cx546
1-(1,4-benzodioxan-6-ylcarbonyl)piperidine: structure in first source		2.110
cycloleucine
Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.		2.0210non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidEC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cyproheptadine
Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.		6.91112piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
gastrointestinal drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
desipramine
Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.		2.4420dibenzoazepine;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug allergen;
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
amphetamine
Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.		10.59270primary amine
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		2.71301,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		3.4111amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.		3.1310ether;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
antitussive;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
oneirogen;
sedative
diphenyleneiodonium
diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.		2.0610organic cation
2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid
2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid: (D)-isomer active as an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate excitation of central neurons; (L)-isomer inactive; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0210
p-chloroamphetamine
p-Chloroamphetamine: Chlorinated analog of AMPHETAMINE. Potent neurotoxin that causes release and eventually depletion of serotonin in the CNS. It is used as a research tool.		210
dsp 4
DSP 4: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0210
ebselen
ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.		2.1710benzoselenazoleanti-inflammatory drug;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor;
enzyme mimic;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
genotoxin;
hepatoprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine: specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase		2.0510
emodin
Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.		2.0310trihydroxyanthraquinoneantineoplastic agent;
laxative;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		2.0310
ethenzamide
ethenzamide: structure		2.2510organic molecular entity
fenfluramine
Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.		10.08130(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
secondary amino compound		appetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
flumazenil
Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.		2.4420ethyl ester;
imidazobenzodiazepine;
organofluorine compound		antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning;
GABA antagonist
flunitrazepam
Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.		2.44201,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound;
monofluorobenzenes		anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
fluoxetine
Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.		7.28301(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound
vanoxerine
vanoxerine: structure given in first source. vanoxerine : An N-alkylpiperazine that consists of piperazine bearing 2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl and 3-phenylpropyl groups at positions 1 and 4 respectively. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration.		2.730ether;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		dopamine uptake inhibitor
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		2.0610monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
guaifenesin
Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.		2.2510methoxybenzenes
gyki 52466
GYKI 52466: an AMPA (non-NMDA) receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.0110benzodiazepine
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.		2.9740isoquinolines;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
fasudil
fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.		2.0610isoquinolines;
N-sulfonyldiazepane		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
nootropic agent;
vasodilator agent
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		6.63491aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
harmaline
Harmaline: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.. harmaline : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.		2.1310harmala alkaloidoneirogen
p-hydroxyamphetamine
p-Hydroxyamphetamine: Amphetamine metabolite with sympathomimetic effects. It is sometimes called alpha-methyltyramine, which may also refer to the meta isomer, gepefrine.		2.0610amphetamines
hypericin
[no description available]		2.0510
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		2.0210benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
ifenprodil
ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist		2.1310piperidines
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		4.5251dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		2.0510aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		3.360catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		2.9940cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
ketanserin
Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.		10.891456aromatic ketone;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
cardiovascular drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		2.4620dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
ketotifen
Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.		2.0510cyclic ketone;
olefinic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
lamotrigine
[no description available]		2.03101,2,4-triazines;
dichlorobenzene;
primary arylamine		anticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
antimanic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
xenobiotic
letrozole
[no description available]		2.1110nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
qx-314
QX-314: triethyl analog of lidocaine; RN & NM refer to ion		2.0210monocarboxylic acid amidelocal anaesthetic
loxapine
Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA.		2.0610dibenzooxazepineantipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
mazindol
Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.		210organic molecular entity
memantine
[no description available]		2.0210adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		antidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
mescaline
Mescaline: Hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from the flowering heads (peyote) of Lophophora (formerly Anhalonium) williamsii, a Mexican cactus used in Indian religious rites and as an experimental psychotomimetic. Among its cellular effects are agonist actions at some types of serotonin receptors. It has no accepted therapeutic uses although it is legal for religious use by members of the Native American Church.. mescaline : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups.		2.4110methoxybenzenes;
phenethylamine alkaloid;
primary amino compound		hallucinogen
mesoridazine
Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.		2.0510phenothiazines;
sulfoxide;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
methiothepin
Methiothepin: A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic.. methiothepin : A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively).		4.551aryl sulfide;
dibenzothiepine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
tertiary amino compound		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
nocodazole
[no description available]		2.1310aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
thiophenes		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
methylphenidate
Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.		2.7930beta-amino acid ester;
methyl ester;
piperidines
mianserin
Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.		5.73191dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine agonist;
sedative;
serotonergic antagonist
mirtazapine
Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.		5.25111benzazepine;
tetracyclic antidepressant		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
oneirogen;
serotonergic antagonist
muscimol
Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.		2.5820alkaloid;
isoxazoles;
primary amino compound		fungal metabolite;
GABA agonist;
oneirogen;
psychotropic drug
myristicin
myristicin: asaricin is an isomer; structure; a methylene dioxy version of elemicin;		2.0810organic molecular entitymetabolite
1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine
1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine: acts as serotonin agonist; structure. 1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group at position 1. A serotonergic agonist used as a recreational drug.		2.7130(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
N-arylpiperazine		environmental contaminant;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic agonist;
xenobiotic
fg 7142
FG 7142: benzodiazepine receptor agonist		2.0310beta-carbolines
clorgyline
Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant.		2.4620aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
nafronyl
Nafronyl: A drug used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is claimed to enhance cellular oxidative capacity and to be a spasmolytic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1310) It may also be an antagonist at 5HT-2 serotonin receptors.		2.0510naphthalenes
nan 190
1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-(2-phthalimido)butyl)piperazine: RN from Toxlit. NAN 190 : An N-alkylpiperazine that consists of (2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine in which the amine hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(2-phthalimido)butyl group.		2.4620N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
phthalimides		serotonergic antagonist
nefazodone
nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct		4.3330aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazoles		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam
Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.		2.0310benzoxazocine;
tertiary amino compound
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		2.4520C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.		3.4211nitroglycerolexplosive;
muscle relaxant;
nitric oxide donor;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
ondansetron
Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.		2.4820carbazoles
oxidopamine
Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).		3.4370benzenetriol;
catecholamine;
primary amino compound		drug metabolite;
human metabolite;
neurotoxin
fenclonine
Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.		3.4370phenylalanine derivative
4-(2'-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2'-(n-(2''-pyridinyl)-4-iodobenzamido)ethyl)piperazine
4-(2'-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2'-(N-(2''-pyridinyl)-4-iodobenzamido)ethyl)piperazine: a 5-HT(1A) ligand; structure in first source		2.0210
pd 98059
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.		2.0110aromatic amine;
monomethoxyflavone		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		2.0510barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist
perphenazine
Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.		2.0510N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenoxybenzamine
Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.		2.5520aromatic amine
pindolol
Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.		5.0752indoles;
secondary amine		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
pioglitazone
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		2.0510aromatic ether;
pyridines;
thiazolidinediones		antidepressant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
PPARgamma agonist;
xenobiotic
piperazine
[no description available]		2.0510azacycloalkane;
piperazines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		anthelminthic drug
pirenzepine
Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.		2.6930pyridobenzodiazepineanti-ulcer drug;
antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
potassium chloride
Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.		2.730inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
4-aminobenzoic acid
para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.		2.0510aminobenzoate;
aromatic amino-acid anion		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
prazosin
Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.		3.9120aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.		2.0510N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antiemetic;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		4.140naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
pyrilamine
Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.		2.0510aromatic ether;
ethylenediamine derivative		H1-receptor antagonist
quetiapine
[no description available]		3.110dibenzothiazepine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
quipazine
Quipazine: A pharmacologic congener of serotonin that contracts smooth muscle and has actions similar to those of tricyclic antidepressants. It has been proposed as an oxytocic.		3.470piperazines;
pyridines
n-methylquipazine
N-methylquipazine: structure in first source. N-methylquipazine : An aminoquinoline that consists of quinoline in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group. A 5-HT3 agonist. Has almost the same affinity for 5-HT3 sites as quipazine but unlike the latter, does not bind to 5-HT1B sites.		3.5110aminoquinoline;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine		serotonergic agonist
risperidone
Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.		7.273011,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
ritanserin
Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.		6.6370organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
thiazolopyrimidine		antidepressant;
antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
saccharin
Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.		2.01101,2-benzisothiazole;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		environmental contaminant;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
sarpogrelate
sarpogrelate: structure given in first source		11.134610hemisuccinate;
stilbenoid
sb 206553
SB 206553: a high-affinity 5-HT(2C/2B) antagonist; structure given in first source		4.73290pyrroloindole
sevoflurane
Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.		2.0610ether;
organofluorine compound		central nervous system depressant;
inhalation anaesthetic;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
sibutramine
sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride		2.0610organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-obesity agent;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
spiperone
Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.		3.6390aromatic ketone;
azaspiro compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
sulpiride
Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.		4.1431benzamides;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfonamide		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
sumatriptan
Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.		2.0810sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
terfenadine
Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.		2.0510diarylmethane
thioridazine
Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.		2.0510phenothiazines;
piperidines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		2.0310monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
trazodone
Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.		6.4371monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazolopyridine		adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
trihexyphenidyl
Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.		2.0210amine
urethane
[no description available]		2.1710carbamate esterfungal metabolite;
mutagen
w 7
W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist		2.0210
n-(2-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-n-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide
[no description available]		3.5110piperazines
wb 4101
N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine bearing a [(2',6'-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethylamino]methyl group at position 2. An alpha1A-adrenergic selective antagonist.		2.0410aromatic ether;
benzodioxine;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist
zolpidem
Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.		3.8430imidazopyridinecentral nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
sedative
zonisamide
Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.		2.02101,2-benzoxazoles;
sulfonamide		anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
central nervous system drug;
protective agent;
T-type calcium channel blocker
zopiclone
zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.		3.1310monochloropyridine;
pyrrolopyrazine		central nervous system depressant;
sedative
zotepine
zotepine: structure		3.110dibenzothiepine;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic drug;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic drug
corticosterone
[no description available]		9.1115011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lysergic acid diethylamide
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.		8.13281ergoline alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		dopamine agonist;
hallucinogen;
serotonergic agonist
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		2.420alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
dextroamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.		2.93401-phenylpropan-2-amineadrenergic agent;
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
dopaminergic agent;
neurotoxin;
sympathomimetic agent
spironolactone
Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.		2.05103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid lactone;
thioester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
aldosterone
[no description available]		2.031011beta-hydroxy steroid;
18-oxo steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid aldehyde		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pentylenetetrazole
Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.		2.4720organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
biguanides
Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.		2.0210guanidines
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		2.0210alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		2.4320L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		2.4620glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
apomorphine
Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.		3.470aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug
tetrabenazine
9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.		210benzoquinolizine;
cyclic ketone;
tertiary amino compound
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		2.4720adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		7.96142monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		2.2510phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		2.7830amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
phenylethyl alcohol
Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.		2.0310benzenes;
primary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
fragrance;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methoxamine
Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .		2.0410amphetaminesalpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypotensive agent
n,n-dimethyltryptamine
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine: An N-methylated indoleamine derivative and serotonergic hallucinogen which occurs naturally and ubiquitously in several plant species including Psychotria veridis. It also occurs in trace amounts in mammalian brain, blood, and urine, and is known to act as an agonist or antagonist of certain SEROTONIN RECEPTORS.. N,N-dimethyltryptamine : A tryptamine derivative having two N-methyl substituents on the side-chain.		2.1510tryptamine alkaloid;
tryptamines
dipropyltryptamine
dipropyltryptamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4420
desoxycorticosterone
Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE		2.432020-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
gallamine triethiodide
Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)		210
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		2.0310antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid
Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.		2.0410diether;
tertiary amino compound;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
cycloserine
Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).		2.04104-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
zwitterion		antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antitubercular agent;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		3.4711erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		2.9540arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
methyl iodide
methyl iodide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd with MF of CH3-I. iodomethane : A member of the class of iodomethanes that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by iodine.		1.9910iodomethanes;
methyl halides		fumigant insecticide
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.		9.28180benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.		3.4170mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene
2-naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.		2.110naphthylaminecarcinogenic agent
xanthenes
Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.		2.7530xanthene
phenothiazine
10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.		2.0610phenothiazineferroptosis inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
1-phenylpropanol
1-phenylpropanol: structure in first source		3.4110organic molecular entity
arsanilic acid
Arsanilic Acid: An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals.		2.0510organoarsonic acid
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid
Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.		3.4115-oxoproline;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		algal metabolite
cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.		2.7130cyclohexanols;
secondary alcohol		solvent
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		2.7330pyrrole;
secondary amine
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		5.55210mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
ergotamine
Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.		2.7630peptide ergot alkaloidalpha-adrenergic agonist;
mycotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
oxytocic;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
methylergonovine
Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.0210ergoline alkaloid
framycetin
Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.		2.0310aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite
dimethoxyphenylethylamine
Dimethoxyphenylethylamine: A derivative of phenethylamine containing two substituent methoxy groups in the phenyl ring.. 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine : An aromatic ether that is the derivative of 2-phenylethylamine with methoxy substituents at the 3- and 4-positions. It is an alkaloid isolated from the Cactaceae family.		2.7730alkaloid;
aromatic ether;
phenylethylamine		allergen;
plant metabolite
2-naphthol
2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.		2.1310naphtholantinematodal drug;
genotoxin;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
yohimbine
Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.		3.1550methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylatealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
perylene
Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.		2.0510ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene;
perylenes
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		2.4720azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
indazoles
Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.		2.4620indazole
benzoxazoles
1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.		2.05101,3-benzoxazoles;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
adamantane
Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.		2.1510adamantanes;
polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane
Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.		2.0510cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
isoxazoles
Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.		4.5470isoxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		2.11101,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		5.771101,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.		5.16170diazine;
pyrazines		Daphnia magna metabolite
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		2.4620azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
monocrotaline
Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.		3.1450pyrrolizidine alkaloid
methysergide
Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.		3.75100ergoline alkaloid
hydantoins
Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.		2.3110imidazolidine-2,4-dione
fluorobenzenes
Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.		12.492941monofluorobenzenesNMR chemical shift reference compound
boldine
[no description available]		3.5110aporphine alkaloid
2-bromolysergic acid diethylamide
2-bromolysergic acid diethylamide: was heading 1975-94 (see under LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE 1975-90); BROMO-LSD was see 2-BROMOLYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE 1975-94; use LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE to search 2-BROMOLYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE 1975-94; a serotonin antagonist		2.0510
bicuculline
Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.		3.6490benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines		agrochemical;
central nervous system stimulant;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
GABAA receptor antagonist;
neurotoxin
captodiamine
captodiamine: Captodiamine represents an interesting strategy for achieving benzodiazepine substitution with a low risk of dependence or impairment of cognitive function		2.0810diarylmethane
kainic acid
Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.		2.0510dicarboxylic acid;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid		antinematodal drug;
excitatory amino acid agonist
indophenol
Indophenol: A deep blue dye (with the formula OC6H4NC6H4OH) used to detect AMMONIA in a common test called the Berthelot's reaction and to detect PARACETAMOL by spectrophotometry.. indophenol : A quinone imine obtained by formal condensation of one of the keto groups of benzoquinone with the amino group of 4-hydroxyaniline.		3.71100quinone iminedye
alpha-aminopyridine
alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.		7.64960
hesperidin
Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.04103'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
flavanone glycoside;
monomethoxyflavanone;
rutinoside		mutagen
psilocybin
Psilocybin: The major of two hallucinogenic components of Teonanacatl, the sacred mushroom of Mexico, the other component being psilocin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). psilocybin : A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine carrying an additional phosphoryloxy substituent at position 4. The major hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from Psilocybe mushrooms (also known as Teonanacatl or "magic mushrooms").		6.42111organic phosphate;
tertiary amino compound;
tryptamine alkaloid		fungal metabolite;
hallucinogen;
prodrug;
serotonergic agonist
tetralol
tetralol: structure		2.110
methamphetamine
Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.		5.42100amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic
aminoacetonitrile
Aminoacetonitrile: Cyanomethylamine.		2.0210
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		2.4620dialdehydebiomarker
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.		2.7430arenesulfonic acid;
C-nitro compound		epitope;
explosive;
reagent
2-piperidone
2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.2510delta-lactam;
piperidones		EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor
metylperon
metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0210aromatic ketone
norfenfluramine
Norfenfluramine: A FENFLURAMINE analog that inhibits serotonin uptake and may provoke release of serotonin. It is used as an appetite depressant and an experimental tool in animal studies.		2.4420amphetamines
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate
Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		5.78190tertiary amine
dronabinol
Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.		2.0310benzochromene;
diterpenoid;
phytocannabinoid;
polyketide		cannabinoid receptor agonist;
epitope;
hallucinogen;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic
pimozide
Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.		2.0510benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound		antidyskinesia agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
benperidol
Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)		3.1710aromatic ketone
n-methylaspartate
N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.		3.2760amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid;
D-aspartic acid derivative;
secondary amino compound		neurotransmitter agent
xylamidine
xylamidine: structure		2.4220
palladium
Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.		2.4220metal allergen;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
cadmium
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.		2.4320cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom
trolamine salicylate
Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		2.0510
ethionine
L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.		2.0210S-ethylhomocysteineantimetabolite;
carcinogenic agent
4-benzoylpyridine
4-benzoylpyridine: used to measure reductase activity		2.0510aromatic ketone
pizotyline
Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.		4.1331benzocycloheptathiophenehistamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		2.4520acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
metergoline
Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.		3.1450carbamate ester;
ergoline alkaloid		dopamine agonist;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
lisuride
Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS).		3.5980monocarboxylic acid amideantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
serotonergic agonist
bromocriptine
Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.		2.3110indole alkaloidantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
hormone antagonist
4-methoxyamphetamine
4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation		2.1310
dihydro-beta-erythroidine
Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine: Dihydro analog of beta-erythroidine, which is isolated from the seeds and other plant parts of Erythrina sp. Leguminosae. It is an alkaloid with curarimimetic properties.. dihydro-beta-erythroidine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the partial hydrogenation of the 1,3-diene moiety of beta-erythroidine to give the corresponding 2-ene.		2.0510delta-lactone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		nicotinic antagonist
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		6.82310glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
azides
Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.		2.1710pseudohalide anionmitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
tramadol
Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.		2.03102-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanoladrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antitussive;
capsaicin receptor antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
2-aminotetralin
2-aminotetralin: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.0310tetralins
5,7-dihydroxytryptamine
5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool.		3.2760
substance p
[no description available]		2.110peptideneurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.01105-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
paroxetine
Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.		4.9481aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
pergolide
Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		2.110diamine;
methyl sulfide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
fomesafen
fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.		2.4620aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
organofluorine compound;
phenols		agrochemical;
EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor;
herbicide
rimcazole
rimcazole: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0810carbazoles
idazoxan
Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.		3.1450benzodioxine;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist
quinpirole
Quinpirole: A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.. quinpirole : A pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist.		3.1850pyrazoloquinolinedopamine agonist
cabergoline
Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.		2.3110N-acylureaantineoplastic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
atomoxetine hydrochloride
Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.		2.830hydrochlorideadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant
mifepristone
Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.		2.05103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive
fura-2
Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.		2.0210
quinelorane
quinelorane: LY 175887 is dextrorotary isomer; LY 137157 is a racemic mixture		2.0210quinazolines
eticlopride
eticlopride: blocks dopamine-D2 binding sites; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S)-isomer		2.110salicylamides
sertindole
sertindole : A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.		3.2860heteroarylpiperidine;
imidazolidinone;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
phenylindole		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.		2.0310methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
fananserin
fananserin: RN & structure given in first source		4.8860naphthalenes;
sulfonic acid derivative
aripiprazole
Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.		8.51173aromatic ether;
delta-lactam;
dichlorobenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone		drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic agonist
duloxetine hydrochloride
Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.		2.4820duloxetine hydrochlorideantidepressant
ziprasidone
ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.		5.36701,2-benzisothiazole;
indolones;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		2.5320adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine
2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine: RN given refers to (alpha)-isomer; a serotonin agonist that interferes with Meth A tumor growth in mice by selective vasoconstrictive action		3.1250
cyamemazine
cyamemazine: phototoxic neuroleptic effects; structure in first source		3.1710phenothiazines
venlafaxine hydrochloride
Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.		2.4120hydrochloride
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		4.9821acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
milnacipran
Milnacipran: A cyclopropanecarboxamide serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that is used in the treatment of FIBROMYALGIA.		2.0210acetamides
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		4.57401,2,3-triazole
spiramide
spiramide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. spiramide : An azaspiro compound that consists of 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one having a phenyl group attached to N-1 and a 3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl attached to N-8. Selective 5-HT antagonist, which binds to 5-HT2 sites as potently as spiperone but has lower affinity for 5-HT2C receptors. Also a high affinity D2 receptor antagonist (Ki = 3 nM). Lacks the disruptive effect of spiperone on animal behaviour.		2.0210aromatic ether;
azaspiro compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
setoperone
[no description available]		4.9721
sertraline
Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.		4.3841dichlorobenzene;
secondary amino compound;
tetralins		antidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
selfotel
selfotel: a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist; used to treat stroke-induced impairment		2.0210non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
mesulergine
mesulergine: RN given refers to parent cpd; CU 32-085 is synonymous to mono-HCl; metabolized into dopaminergic agonists; structure given in first source. mesulergine : A member of the class of ergot alkaloids that is known to act on serotonin and dopamine receptors.		3.81110ergot alkaloid;
sulfamides		antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
serotonergic antagonist
cinitapride
[no description available]		3.8421aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound
binospirone mesylate
binospirone mesylate: structure given in first source; a serotonin 1A receptor agonist; a putative 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist		1.9810
hp 873
iloperidone: an atypical, negative symptom antipsychotic agent. iloperidone : A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.		3.86301,2-benzoxazoles;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
monoamine;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
mdl 11939
alpha-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinemethanol: class III antiarrythmic agent; structure given in first source		4.95110primary amine
metrenperone
[no description available]		2.0510
4-o-methyl-12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate
[no description available]		2.0110
amperozide
amperozide : A member of the class of ureas that is urea in which three of the four hydrogens are replaced by ethyl and 4-[4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]piperazin-1-yl groups. An atypical antipsychotic which was in clinical development for the treatment of schizophrenia and substance-related disorders. It is a potent 5-HT2A antagonist and used in veterinary medicine because of its sedative effect on pigs.		210diarylmethane;
monofluorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
secondary carboxamide;
ureas		anxiolytic drug;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
geroprotector;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
ergocornine
ergocornine: a component of ergotoxine; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ERGOLINES (75-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). ergocornine : Ergotaman bearing a hydroxy group at the 12' position, isopropyl groups at the 2' and 5'alpha positions, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid.		2.0810ergot alkaloid
1-benzylpiperidine
1-benzylpiperidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0310
frovatriptan
[no description available]		2.1510carbazoles
s20098
[no description available]		14.935510acetamides
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		3.991303-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
tandospirone
tandospirone: structure given in first source. tandospirone : A dicarboximide that is (3aR,4S,7R,7aS)-hexahydro-1H-4,7-methanoisoindole-1,3(2H)-dione which is substituted by a 4-[4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl group at position 2. It is a potent and selective 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist (Ki = 27 nM).		2.0810bridged compound;
dicarboximide;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyrimidines		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug
mci 9038
[no description available]		2.0310peptide
2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine
2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine: behaves as a partial agonist toward both alpha1-adrenergic & 5-HT(2) serotonergic receptors. 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine : A 2-arylethylamine compound where the aryl moiety is 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl.		2.02102-arylethylamine
2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile
2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile: a selective estrogen receptor beta agonist or modulator. also called DPN compound. 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionitrile : A nitrile that is acetonitrile in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group while a second hydrogen is replaced by a 4-hydroxybenzyl group. It is a specific agonist for estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta).		2.1110nitrile;
phenols		estrogen receptor agonist
u 73122
1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.		2.4620aromatic ether;
aza-steroid;
maleimides		EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
ergovaline
[no description available]		2.0810peptide ergot alkaloid
sr141716
[no description available]		3.8721amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazoles		anti-obesity agent;
appetite depressant;
CB1 receptor antagonist
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1h-imidazole
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1H-imidazole: inhibits platelet aggregation & Ca2+ entry into platelets. SKF-96365 free base : An ether that is 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been substituted by a 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl group.		2.1110ether;
imidazoles;
monomethoxybenzene		TRP channel blocker
fura-2-am
fura-2-am: pentaester precursor of fura-2		2.0210
u 69593
U 69593: selective ligand for opioid K-receptor. U69593 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of phenylacetic acid and the secodary amino group of (5R,7S,8S)-N-methyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-amine.		2.1110monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
diuretic;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist
7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one
7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one: structure given in first source; RP 68651 is the inactive (3aS,7aS)-isomer; substance P antagonist		2.0510
1,1-dimethylheptyl-11-hydroxytetrahydrocannabinol
HU 211: structure given in first source; HU 211 is active & HU 210 is inactive as canibinoids; functional N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blocker; RN given is for (6aS-trans)-isomer		2.0310
gr 127935
GR 127935: a 5-HT 1D receptor antagonist. GR 127935 : A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2'-methyl-4'-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid and the anilino group of 4-methoxy-3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)aniline. Potent and selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist (pKi values are 8.5 for both guinea pig 5-HT1D and rat 5-HT1B receptors). Displays > 100-fold selectivity over 5HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptors and other receptor types. Centrally active following oral administration.		3.43701,2,4-oxadiazole;
benzamides;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
ecopipam
ecopipam: structure given in first source		1.9910benzazepine
6-chloro-2-(1-piperazinyl)pyrazine
[no description available]		4.74110N-arylpiperazine
1h-indene-2-carboxylic acid, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2- (carboxymethoxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-propoxy-, (1s,2r,3s)-
1H-Indene-2-carboxylic acid, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2- (carboxymethoxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-propoxy-, (1S,2R,3S)-: an ET(A) and ET(B) endothelin receptor antagonist; structure in first source		2.0210
5-methoxy 3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)1h indole
[no description available]		2.0210indoles
aporphine
aporphine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. aporphine : An isoquinoline alkaloid that is the N-methyl derivative of 5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline.		2.0510aporphine alkaloid;
isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent;
tertiary amino compound
way 100135
WAY 100135: a selective antagonist at presynaptic & postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors; structure given in first source		2.4220piperazines
paliperidone
3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.. paliperidone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia.		2.05101,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine;
secondary alcohol
3-n-methylspiperone
3-N-methylspiperone: (11(C))-labeled cpd used in positron tomography; dopamine agonist & dopamine receptor ligand; structure given in first source		3.5520aromatic ketone
gr 113808
GR 113808: structure given in first source; a 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist: GR 125487 is the HCl salt. GR 113808 : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 1-methylindole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of N-{2-[4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}methanesulfonamide.		2.7330indolyl carboxylate ester;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		serotonergic antagonist
pramipexole
Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.		2.4920benzothiazoles;
diamine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
radical scavenger
sr 46349b
SR 46349B: potent & selective 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		5.66140
ici 169369
2-((2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)thio)-3-phenylquinoline: structure & RN given in first source		2.0110
4-iodoamphetamine
4-iodoamphetamine: used as tracer with iodine radioisotopes for local cerebral blood flow in rats		2.1110
blonanserin
[no description available]		4.2750organic molecular entity
gyki 53655
GYKI 53655: an AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate) receptor antagonist		2.0110
sb 200646
N-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-N'-(3-pyridyl)urea: structure given in first source; a selective 5-HT(1C) receptor antagonist; SB-200646 is the HCl salt		3.1150indoles
n-nitrosoarginine
N-nitrosoarginine: may play role in nitric oxide synthesis		2.1110
3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-4-hydroxy-n-(4-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl)benzamide
3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-4-hydroxy-N-(4-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl)benzamide: a 5-HT(1D) receptor antagonist; RN given refers to HCl salt		3.1850
nnc 112
[no description available]		2.0510benzazepine
o-demethyltramadol
O-demethyltramadol: one of the major metabolites of tramadol; structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent compound		2.0310
wy 50324
WY 50324: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0110
5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-aminoindan
5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-aminoindan: structure given in first source; RN given is for (+-)-isomer		2.0210
mdl 28133a
[no description available]		1.9910
l 694247
L 694247: a 5-HT(1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source		2.1310tryptamines
sc 51089
SC 51089: structure in first source; dinoprostone antagonist		2.1310
l 733060
3-((3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methyloxy)-2-phenylpiperidine: RN given refers to (2S-cis)-isomer; L-733,061 is pharmacologically inactive; structure in first source		2.0510piperidines
l 741742
L 741742: selective toward D4 receptors; structure in first source		3.110primary amine
sonepiprazole
[no description available]		3.110
escitalopram
Escitalopram: S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.. escitalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.		2.6101-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrileantidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
n-methylserotonin
N-methylserotonin: RN given refers to parent cpd. N-methylserotonin : A member of the class of tryptamines that is serotonin in which one of the hydrogens attached to the primary amino group is replaced by a methyl group.		1.9810phenols;
tryptamines		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
5-methoxy-n,n-diisopropyltryptamine
5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310tryptamineshallucinogen
phorbols
Phorbols: The parent alcohol of the tumor promoting compounds from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium).		2.0110diterpene;
terpenoid fundamental parent
cyanopindolol
[no description available]		2.4320indoles
lubazodone hydrochloride
lubazodone hydrochloride: structure given in first source		2.4120
asenapine
asenapine : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-asenapine. Used as its maleate salt for the acute treatment of schizophrenia and acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder with or without psychotic features.. (S,S)-asenapine : A 5-chloro-2-methyl-2,3,3a,12b-tetrahydrodibenzo[2,3:6,7]oxepino[4,5-c]pyrrole in which both of the stereocentres have S configuration.		2.07105-chloro-2-methyl-2,3,3a,12b-tetrahydrodibenzo[2,3:6,7]oxepino[4,5-c]pyrrole
5-(3-hydroxybenzoyl)-2-thiophenesulfonamide
[no description available]		2.0710
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		2.7730amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		2.7630
sb 216763
[no description available]		2.0710indoles;
maleimides
piboserod
Serotonin 5-HT4 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT4 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS.		3.5580
8-(di-n-propylamino)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3h-benz(e)indole-1-carbaldehyde
8-(di-n-propylamino)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3H-benz(e)indole-1-carbaldehyde: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure given in first source		3.5110
ngd 94-1
NGD 94-1: D(4) receptor antagonist; structure in first source		3.110
rs 127445
2-amino-4-(4-fluoronaphth-1-yl)-6-isopropylpyrimidine: a 5-HT(2B) receptor antagonist; structure in first source		4.89100
nantenine
nantenine: from Nandina domestica Thundberg; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		3.3160oxoaporphine alkaloidmetabolite
latrepirdine
latrepirdine: structure		2.0510methylpyridines;
pyridoindole		geroprotector
osemozotan
osemozotan: 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist		3.1410
repinotan hydrochloride
repinotan hydrochloride: 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist; structure in first source		2.0110
ramelteon
ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist		4.0520indanes
eglumetad
eglumetad: LY-354740 is the active isomer, LY-366563 is the inactive isomer, and LY 314582 is the racemate; structure given in first source		2.3110L-alpha-amino acid
estradiol 3-benzoate
17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.		21017beta-hydroxy steroid;
benzoate ester		estrogen receptor agonist;
xenoestrogen
4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol: structure in first source. 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted by an allyl group at position 4 and methoxy groups at positions 2 and 6 respectively.		3.4110dimethoxybenzene;
phenols;
phenylpropanoid
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		2.4420
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.		2.4920inorganic chloride;
lithium salt		antimanic drug;
geroprotector
glycogen
glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.		2.0310
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		3.2760heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.		2.4620myo-inositol trisphosphatemouse metabolite
nitroarginine
Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.		2.7530guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
N-nitro compound;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
strychnine
Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.		2.1310monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound		avicide;
cholinergic antagonist;
glycine receptor antagonist;
neurotransmitter agent;
rodenticide
monensin
Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.		2.0510cyclic hemiketal;
monocarboxylic acid;
polyether antibiotic;
spiroketal		antifungal agent;
coccidiostat;
ionophore
hyperforin
hyperforin: a prenylated acylphloroglucinol derivative; antibiotic component of novoimanine; psychoactive agent in St. John's wort; Russian; structure;. hyperforin : A cyclic terpene ketone that is a prenylated carbobicyclic acylphloroglucinol derivative produced by St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum.		2.0510
phorbol
phorbol: RN given refers to (1aR-(1a alpha,1b beta,4a beta,7a alpha,7b alpha,8 alpha,9 beta,9b beta))-isomer; synonym isophorbol refers to (4a alpha)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7143. phorbol : A diterpenoid with the structure of tigliane hydroxylated at C-4, -9, -12(beta), -13 and -20, with an oxo group at C-3 and unsaturation at the 1- and 6-positions.		2.0110cyclic ketone;
enone;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid
sb 221284
SB 221284: 5-HT(2C/2B) receptor antagonist; structure in first source		2.4320indolyl carboxylic acid
sb 228357
SB 228357: a neuroleptic with equivalent or higher antagonist affinity for 5-HT2 than for dopamine D2 receptor		2.4320indolyl carboxylic acid
sb 243213
SB 243213: a 5-HT2c inverse agonist; structure in first source		3.8640indolyl carboxylic acid
dironyl
dironyl: pronounced antifertility agent in rats; lactation suppressor in other species; serotonin antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.1950organic molecular entity
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		2.7430cyclodextrin
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		2.0110icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ferulic acid
ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.		2.0710ferulic acidsanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		8.16290benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
imidazolidines
[no description available]		2.0210azacycloalkane;
imidazolidines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
isomethyleugenol
Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		2.1310isomethyleugenol
citral
citral: Xref geranial: geraniol is also available; Xref neral: nerol is also available; vitamin A antagonist; oxygenated monoterpene; inhibits cytosolic dehydrogenases; structure. citral : An enal that consists of octa-2,6-dienal bearing methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7. A mixture of the two geometric isomers geranial and neral, it is the major constituent (75-85%) of oil of lemon grass, the volatile oil of Cymbopogon citratus, or of C. flexuosus. It also occurs in oils of verbena, lemon, and orange.		2.110enal;
monoterpenoid;
polyprenal		plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
retinaldehyde
Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.. all-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		2.0710retinal;
vitamin A		gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
isoliquiritigenin
[no description available]		2.4620chalconesantineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
GABA modulator;
geroprotector;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor antagonist
cannabidiol
Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.		2.1510olefinic compound;
phytocannabinoid;
resorcinols		antimicrobial agent;
plant metabolite
methylatropine
methylatropine: RN given refers to endo-(+-)-isomer; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3766		2.0310
tropisetron
Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.		2.1110indolyl carboxylic acid
bemesetron
[no description available]		2.4320
urocanic acid
Urocanic Acid: 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.. urocanic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine.. trans-urocanic acid : A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has E configuration.		2.0510urocanic acidhuman metabolite
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.		2.4620capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
thioacetamide
Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.		2.5220thiocarboxamidehepatotoxic agent
2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole
2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole: an amyloid imaging agent; structure in first source		2.0510
rhyncophylline
rhyncophylline: an oxindole; RN given refers to (7beta,16E,20alpha)-isomer		2.0210
maraviroc
[no description available]		2.0510tropane alkaloid
u 0126
U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0410aryl sulfide;
dinitrile;
enamine;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
osteogenesis regulator;
vasoconstrictor agent
6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine
6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine: an mGlu5 antagonist. 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine : A methylpyridine that coinsists of 2-methylp[yridine bearing an additional phenylethynyl group at position 6. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw.		2.0610acetylenic compound;
methylpyridines		anxiolytic drug;
metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.		2.0110alkali metal atom
altanserin
altanserin: structure given in first source; a radioligand for PET studies of serotonin S2 receptors		9.94110quinazolines
raclopride
Raclopride: A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.		8.6290salicylamides
dolasetron
[no description available]		2.3920indolyl carboxylic acid
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester
[no description available]		2.0410
rtki cpd
RTKI cpd: preferentially inhibits human glioma cells expressing truncated rather than wild-type epidermal growth factor receptors		2.0410
sch 23390
SCH 23390: a selective D1-receptor antagonist. SCH 23390 : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 7 and a hydroxy substituent at position 8.		2.5520benzazepine
ro 60-0175
(2S)-1-(6-chloro-5-fluoroindol-1-yl)-propan-2-amine : A 1-(6-chloro-5-fluoroindol-1-yl)-propan-2-amine that has S configuration. A selective agonist for both the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B (5-HT2B) and 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C (5-HT2C)serotonin receptor subtypes, commonly used as fumarate salt.		2.02101-(6-chloro-5-fluoroindol-1-yl)-propan-2-amine5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor agonist;
5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor agonist
neurotensin (1-10)
[no description available]		3.411
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline: structure given in first source; neuroprotectant for cerebral ischemia; AMPA receptor antagonist		2.4520naphthalenes;
sulfonic acid derivative
n-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-n'-(3-methyl-5-isothiazolyl)urea
N-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-N'-(3-methyl-5-isothiazolyl)urea: a 5-HT(2B) receptor antagonist; structure given in first source. 1-(1-methylindol-5-yl)-3-(3-methyl-1,2-thiazol-5-yl)urea : A member of ther class of ureas that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens has been replaced by an N-methylindol-5-yl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen has been replaced by a 3-methyl-1,2-thiazol-5-yl group. It is a potent and selective antagonist for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B (5-HT2B) receptor.		3.771001,2-thiazoles;
indoles;
ureas		receptor modulator;
serotonergic antagonist
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		2.0510
sb-224289
SB 224289 : A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2'-methyl-4'-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid with the secondary amino group of 1'-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-spiro[furo[2,3-f]indole-3,4'-piperidine]. Selective 5-HT1B receptor antagonist (pKi = 8.2). Displays >60-fold selectivity over 5-HT1D, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1E, 5-HT1F, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in radioligand binding and functional assays. Centrally active following oral administration in vivo.		2.02101,2,4-oxadiazole;
azaspiro compound;
benzamides;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		serotonergic antagonist
sb 242084
6-chloro-5-methyl-1-((2-(2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy)pyrid-5-yl)carbamoyl)indoline: 5-HT(2C) receptor inverse agonist (antagonist); structure in first source		12.63950
rs 102221
[no description available]		2.0210aromatic ketone
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione
6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.		2.4220quinoxaline derivative
fg 9041
FG 9041: structure given in first source		2.0210quinoxaline derivative
cp 94253
[no description available]		2.4620pyrrolopyridine
bw 723c86
[no description available]		2.0210tryptamines
ro 60-0175
Ro 60-0175: a 5HT 2C receptor agonist. 1-(6-chloro-5-fluoroindol-1-yl)-propan-2-amine : A member of the class of indoles that is 6-chloro-5-fluoroindole in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 2-aminopropyl group.		6.23230indoles;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
primary amino compound
quercetin
[no description available]		2.51207-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		2.9840prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		2.4420monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
harmine
Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.		2.1510harmala alkaloidanti-HIV agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
harman
harman: a beta-carboline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. harman : An indole alkaloid fundamental parent with a structure of 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1. It has been isolated from the bark of Sickingia rubra, Symplocus racemosa, Passiflora incarnata, Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi and Tribulus terrestris, as well as from tobacco smoke. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.		2.1510harmala alkaloid;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
indole alkaloid		anti-HIV agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
caffeic acid phenethyl ester
phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.		2.0310alkyl caffeate esteranti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
rottlerin
rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis.		2.0410aromatic ketone;
benzenetriol;
chromenol;
enone;
methyl ketone		anti-allergic agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
K-ATP channel agonist;
metabolite
anandamide
anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.		3.5611endocannabinoid;
N-acylethanolamine 20:4		human blood serum metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
oleylamide
oleylamide: plastic additive; can cause contact urticaria; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer; a sleep inducing factor. aliphatic amide : A carboxamide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an aliphatic system.. oleamide : A fatty amide derived from oleic acid.		2.5120primary fatty amidehuman metabolite;
plant metabolite
phenylephrine hydrochloride
Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.		2.0210hydrochloride
granisetron
Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.. granisetron : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.		3.1350aromatic amide;
indazoles
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		2.7530morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone
Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.		2.1510organic heteropentacyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		2.7430morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
arachidonylcyclopropylamide
arachidonylcyclopropylamide: a potent and selective agonist of neuronal cannabinoid receptor; structure in first source		2.1110
bw 723c86
1-(5-(2-thenyloxy)-1H-indol-3-yl)propan-2-amine: a 5-HT(2B) agonist		3.75100
ly 344864
LY 344864: has selective affinity for the 5-HT1F receptor; structure in first source		3.5110carbazoles
l 745870
3-((4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-1H-pyrrolo(2,3-b)pyridine: selective for D(4) receptors; structure in first source		3.110piperazines
u 44069
U 44069: has contractile effect on rat pulmonary veins & arteries; a thromboxane-A2 mimetic		3.4111prostanoid
sq 29548
SQ 29548: SQ-26538 is the ((1S-1alpha,2beta(5Z),3beta(1E,3R*),4alpha))-isomer; thromboxane A2 antagonist; thromboxane receptor antagonist		2.0110
kn 62
KN 62: inhibitor of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II		2.4720piperazines
sb 271046
SB 271046: 5-HT(6) receptor antagonist; structure in first source		2.110
fluvoxamine
Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.		6.0481(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid
15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)		2.0710
barium
Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.		2.1310alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental barium
strontium
Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.		210alkaline earth metal atom
naltrexone
Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.		2.0210cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		2.0210cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		2.0210monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
cinanserin
Cinanserin: A serotonin antagonist with limited antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and immunosuppressive activity.. cinanserin : An aryl sulfide that is (2E)-3-phenyl-N-(2-sulfanylphenyl)prop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen of the thiol group is substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. It is a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist and an inhibitor of SARS-CoV replication.		2.7830aryl sulfide;
cinnamamides;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
ici 118551
ICI 118551: RN given refers to (R*,R*)-(+-)-isomer; structure in first source; ICI 111581 is hydrochloride of ICI 118551. ICI 118551 : An indane substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a 3-(isopropylamino)-2-hydroxybutoxy group (the 2R,3S-diastereomer).		2.4220aromatic ether;
indanes;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic antagonist
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)-
Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.		2.0710
gr 46611
GR 46611: known to lower body temperature in guinea pigs		2.0510
tetrodotoxin
Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.		3.580azatetracycloalkane;
oxatetracycloalkane;
quinazoline alkaloid		animal metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
marine metabolite;
neurotoxin;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
dizocilpine maleate
Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.		7.6231maleate salt;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
3-(2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)-1-propenyl-1-phosphonic acid
SDZ EAA 494: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist		210
ly 53857
LY 53857: RN given refers to maleate[1:1](8beta)-isomer		3.2860
indiplon
indiplon: structure in first source		3.1310pyrimidines
oxepins
Oxepins: Compounds based on a 7-membered heterocyclic ring including an oxygen. They can be considered a medium ring ether. A natural source is the MONTANOA plant genus. Some dibenzo-dioxepins, called depsidones, are found in GARCINIA plants.		2.0210
1-aminocyclopentane-1,3,4-tricarboxylic acid
1-aminocyclopentane-1,3,4-tricarboxylic acid: metabolic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonist; structure in first source		2.0510
am 404
[no description available]		2.0210anilide
sb 269970
SB 269970: a 5-HT(7) antagonist; structure in first source		3.1550sulfonamide
morphinans
Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.		2.0510isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent;
morphinane alkaloid
ergoline
Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.		4.27180diamine;
ergoline alkaloid;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound
flibanserin
[no description available]		9.26174benzimidazoles;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound		antidepressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonergic antagonist
vofopitant
[no description available]		2.0210
sb 399885
SB 399885: 5-HT6 receptor antagonist		2.110
ro4368554
Ro4368554: the selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist Ro4368554 restores memory performance in cholinergic and serotonergic models of memory deficiency in the rat		2.0410
staurosporine
staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.		2.4620ammonium ion derivative
hypericum
Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent.		3.5320penicillanic acids
sl 327
SL 327: a MEK inhibitor. SL-327 : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the hydrogen attached to the same carbon as the cyano group has been replaced by an o-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group, while the remaining hydrogens of the ethenyl group have been replaced by amino and (4-aminophenyl)sulfanyl groups. The configuration of the double bond is not specified. It is an inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2.		2.0210
desvenlafaxine succinate
Desvenlafaxine Succinate: A cyclohexanol and phenol derivative and metabolite of venlafaxine that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.		2.0810
s 22153
[no description available]		2.0310
cp 293019
CP 293019: structure given in first source		3.110
n-(4-(2-methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)-n-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfonyl)pyrid-3-ylmethylamine
N-(4-(2-methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfonyl)pyrid-3-ylmethylamine: a metabotropic glutamate 2 receptor potentiator; structure in first source		2.3110
tapentadol
Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.		2.0610alkylbenzene
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0210
cp 91149
CP 91149: inhibits liver glycogen phosphorylase; structure in first source		2.0310
muromonab-cd3
xestospongin C: was indexed to xestospongin A; from Xestospongia sponge; empties the ER calcium store but does not inhibit InsP3-induced Ca2+ release. xestospongin C : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is isolated from the marine sponge Xestospongia exigua.		2.1110alkaloid;
macrocycle;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
IP3 receptor antagonist;
marine metabolite
paliperidone palmitate
Paliperidone Palmitate: A benzisoxazole derivative and active metabolite of RISPERIDONE that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST. It is an ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-9-yl hexadecanoate : A fatty acid ester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one.. paliperidone palmitate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone palmitate. A long-acting injectable formulation of paliperidone (the major active metabolite of risperidone) that is used for treatment of schizophrenia.		4.2311,2-benzoxazoles;
fatty acid ester;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine
sm 346
SM 346: 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivative		2.0610
s 21007
[no description available]		3.5110
f 13640
befiradol: a selective serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonist		3.5110
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		2.0310aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
mdl 105725
MDL 105725: structure given in first source		7.7230methoxybenzenes;
phenols
bremelanotide
bremelanotide: a synthetic peptide analogue of alpha-MSH, is an agonist at melanocortin receptors including the MC3R and MC4R, which are expressed primarily in the central nervous system;		3.6220oligopeptide
2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-n-((2-methoxyphenyl)methyl)ethanamine
Cimbi-36: a PET radioligand; structure in first source		2.8230
cgp 20712a
CGP 20712A: structure given in first source; CGP 26505, a beta1-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, is the (S)-isomer of CGP 20712A		2.4320
1-phenyl-3-dimethylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene
1-phenyl-3-dimethylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene: a 5-HT2C agonist and 5-HT2A,2B antagonist; RN refers to (trans)-isomer; a phenylaminotetralin; structure given in first source		2.7730
pimavanserin
pimavanserin: A 5-HT(2A) inverse agonist; ACP-103 is the dihydroxybutanedioate (2:1) salt. It is used to treat hallucinations and delusions associated with PARKINSON DISEASE; structure in first source.. pimavanserin : A member of the class of ureas in which three of the four hydrogens are replaced by 4-fluorobenzyl, 1-methylpiperidin-4-yl, and 4-(isopropyloxy)benzyl groups. An atypical antipsychotic that is used (in the form of its tartrate salt) for treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease.		12.11236aromatic ether;
monofluorobenzenes;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound;
ureas		5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor inverse agonist;
antipsychotic agent;
serotonergic antagonist
opc-14857
OPC-14857: metabolite of aripiprazole; structure in first source		3.4611
way 163909
[no description available]		3.5110
ly 379268
LY 379268: group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; structure in first source. LY 379268 : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is (1R,5S)-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane carrying amino, carboxy, and carboxy groups at positions 4R, 4R and 6R, respectively. It is a potent agonist of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 and mGluR3 (EC50 = 2.69 nM and 4.48 nM, respectively) that exhibits antipsychotic-like action in animal models of schizophrenia.		2.4920amino dicarboxylic acid;
bridged compound;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist;
neuroprotective agent
2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-n-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine
2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine: a PET radioligand and 5-HT(2A) receptor agonist; also used as a designer drug; structure in first source		3.7320
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-beta-phenethylamine
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-beta-phenethylamine: structure in first source		2.1110
az10606120
AZ10606120: a P2X7 receptor antagonist		2.1510
9-(aminomethyl)-9,10-dihydroanthracene
9-(aminomethyl)-9,10-dihydroanthracene: 5HT2A receptor antagonist; structure in first source		2.0410
3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethylphenylsulfanyl)benzonitrile
3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethylphenylsulfanyl)benzonitrile: a serotonin transporter antagonist; structure in first source		2.4820
sb 215505
SB 215505: a neuroleptic with equivalent or higher antagonist affinity for 5-HT2 than for dopamine D2 receptor		3.73100
oxadiazoles
Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.		3.92120
ly 341495
LY 341495: structure in first source		2.4520
1-(2,4-difluorophenethyl)-4-(4-fluorophenylsulfonyl)piperidine
1-(2,4-difluorophenethyl)-4-(4-fluorophenylsulfonyl)piperidine: a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist; structure in first source		4.460
lurasidone hydrochloride
Lurasidone Hydrochloride: A thiazole derivative and atypical ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, serotonin 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, and antagonist of the adrenergic α2A and α2C receptors, as well as a partial SEROTONIN 5-HT1A RECEPTOR AGONIST. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER.. lurasidone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of lurasidone with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An atypical antipsychotic agent used for the treatment of schizophrenia.		8.0882hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
sb 742457
3-benzenesulfonyl-8-piperazin-1-ylquinoline: a 5-HT6 receptor antagonist		2.0510
naluzotan
naluzotan: an antidepressant and anti-anxiety agent; structure in first source		2.0510
vabicaserin
vabicaserin: an antipsychotic agent and 5-HT2C receptor agonist; structure in first source		3.6420
5-hydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone
5-hydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone: neuroprotective compound from rhizomes of Imperata cylindrica; structure in first source		2.110
col-144
lasmiditan: a high-affinity, highly selective serotonin 5-HT(1F) receptor agonist; structure in first source		3.5110
lorcaserin
lorcaserin: orally active, small-molecule 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C agonist for the potential treatment of obesity and diabetes. lorcaserin : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and a t position 6 by a chloro group.		5.43100benzazepine;
organochlorine compound		anti-obesity agent;
appetite depressant
td-5108
TD-5108: a selective 5-HT(4) receptor agonist with high intrinsic activity; structure in first source		4.5351
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		5.0631
brexpiprazole
brexpiprazole: a serotonin agent; structure in first source		2.5220N-arylpiperazine
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.		2.0810
ceruletide
Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.		2.0210oligopeptidediagnostic agent;
gastrointestinal drug
nociceptin
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity;
polypeptide		human metabolite;
rat metabolite
beta-endorphin
beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).		2.0610
neuropeptide y
Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.		2.7630
glucagon-like peptide 1
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.		2.3110
5,6,2',3',5',6'-hexamethoxyflavone
5,6,2',3',5',6'-hexamethoxyflavone: from the Yucatec Mayan plant Casimiroa tetrameria; structure in first source		2.0410
9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-adenine
[no description available]		2.0610
picrotoxinin
picrotoxinin: toxic component of PICROTOXIN; structure; noncompetitive antagonist of ionotropic GABA-A receptors. picrotoxinin : A picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid that is 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-indene-3,7-dicarboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3a, 6, and 7a by methyl, isopropenyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively; in which the double bond at position 2-3 has been epoxidised; and in which the carboxy groups at positions 3 and 7 have undergone gamma-lactone formation by O-alkylation to positions 4 and 5, respectively. A component of picrotoxin.		2.4420
2,5-dimethoxy-4-n-propylthiophenethylamine
2,5-dimethoxy-4-n-propylthiophenethylamine: structure in first source		2.0510
picrotoxin
Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.		2.7230
e-55888
[no description available]		3.5110
quetiapine fumarate
Quetiapine Fumarate: A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.		5.2360fumarate salt
neurotensin
neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91		8.7921peptide hormonehuman metabolite;
mitogen;
neurotransmitter;
vulnerary
protein kinase c
[no description available]		2.0110
jnj-40411813
1-butyl-3-chloro-4-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-(1H)-pyridone: an mGlu2 receptor modulator; structure in first source		2.1310
n,n-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-cyanophenylthio)benzylamine
N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-cyanophenylthio)benzylamine: structure in first source		2.4720
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		16.013448
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		2.0710
sk&f 10047
[no description available]		3.110
corynoxeine
corynoxeine: active principles of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus; structure given in first source for ((7beta,16E,20alpha)-isomer) and ((16E,20alpha)-isomer); RN given refers to ((7beta,16E,20alpha)-isomer)		2.0210
natriuretic peptide, brain
Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.		2.0310polypeptide
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		2.1710benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
estradiol benzoate, progesterone drug combination
estradiol benzoate, progesterone drug combination: contains estradiol benzoate & progesterone		2.0810
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		2.0810
cgs 12066b
CGS 12066B: RN given for ((Z)-2-butenedioate (1:2))-salt (CGS 12066B); CGS 12066A is the (ethanedioate (1:2))-salt; structure given in first source. 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline dimaleate : A maleate salt that is the dimaleate salt of 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline. A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (5-HT1B) full agonist, 10-fold selective over 5-HT1A and 1000-fold selective over 5-HT2C receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration.		2.0510maleate saltprodrug;
serotonergic agonist
kiss1 protein, human
Kisspeptins: Intercellular signaling peptides that were originally characterized by their ability to suppress NEOPLASM METASTASIS. Kisspeptins have since been found to play an important role in the neuroendocrine regulation of REPRODUCTION.		2.1110
caseins
Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.		2.0810
ly 2140023
LY 2140023: prodrug of LY-404039		2.0510
transforming growth factor alpha
Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.		2.1310
morphinandienone
morphinandienone: from Dehaasia longipedicellata; structure in first source		2.0510
cyclic gmp
Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.		2.41203',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine
[no description available]		2.0410purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine diphosphate
Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		2.4420guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)
Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.		3.1250nucleoside triphosphate analogue
clozapine
Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.		7.3550benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
sildenafil
sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.		2.0510piperazines;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
olanzapine
Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.		12.97201benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
guanylyl imidodiphosphate
Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).		2.6930nucleoside triphosphate analogue
tegaserod
tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source		2.0310carboxamidine;
guanidines;
hydrazines;
indoles		gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic agonist
norclozapine
norclozapine: structure given in first source. N-desmethylclozapine : A dibenzodoazepine substituted with chloro and piperazino groups which is a major metabolite of clozapine; a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist.		2.4620dibenzodiazepine;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		delta-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
serotonergic antagonist
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate)
[no description available]		2.1310nucleoside diphosphate analogue
aprepitant
Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.		2.0210(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
triazoles		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
substance P receptor antagonist
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.		2.0410guanosinesbiomarker
clozapine n-oxide
clozapine N-oxide: structure given in first source		2.0510dibenzodiazepine
desmethylolanzapine
desmethylolanzapine: structure in first source		2.0510benzodiazepine
leptin
Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.		2.7930
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.		3.411
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Anochlesia
[description not available]		03.5280
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		08.41980
Dementia Praecox
[description not available]		012.58625
Schizophrenia
A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.		012.58625
Chronic Insomnia
[description not available]		08.01101
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.		08.01101
Long Sleeper Syndrome
[description not available]		07.4971
Sleep Wake Disorders
Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.		19.4971
Ache
[description not available]		04.01130
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		04.01130
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		09.75212
Anankastic Personality
[description not available]		03.87110
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.		08.87110
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		08.73271
Pain, Chronic
[description not available]		02.5520
Nerve Pain
[description not available]		03.3360
Neuralgia
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.		03.3360
Chronic Pain
Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.		02.5520
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		04.2660
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		03.1450
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		03.1450
Autism
[description not available]		02.8230
Deficiency, Mental
[description not available]		02.1510
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders
[description not available]		02.1510
Chromosome Deletion
Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.		02.5720
Autistic Disorder
A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)		02.8230
Intellectual Disability
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)		02.1510
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		04.87120
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		04.87120
Constriction, Pathological
[description not available]		02.4620
Cardiac Hypertrophy
Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.		03.360
Constriction, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.		02.4620
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.		03.360
Cocaine Abuse
[description not available]		08.24131
Cocaine-Related Disorders
Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.		08.24131
Allodynia
[description not available]		04.2160
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism
[description not available]		02.110
MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4920
Parkinson Disease, Secondary
Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)		02.110
Aggression
Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.		05.83130
Bradykinesia
[description not available]		02.1310
Hyperactivity, Motor
[description not available]		03.92120
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)		02.5420
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		03.0340
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		03.0340
Ambulation Disorders, Neurologic
[description not available]		02.9540
Psychoses
[description not available]		09.34243
Psychotic Disorders
Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)		09.34243
Age-Related Memory Disorders
[description not available]		05.4172
Memory Disorders
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.		05.4172
Inadequate Sleep
[description not available]		02.4420
Amyloid Deposits
[description not available]		02.0510
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		03.2960
As If Personality
[description not available]		02.9710
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
[description not available]		06.63111
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.		06.63111
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced
[description not available]		04.69100
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced
Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)		04.69100
Abnormal Movements
[description not available]		02.4520
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		09.81124
Parkinson Disease
A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)		09.81124
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		07.63121
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		07.63121
Asperger Disease
[description not available]		02.0610
Asperger Syndrome
A disorder beginning in childhood whose essential features are persistent impairment in reciprocal social communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. These symptoms may limit or impair everyday functioning. (From DSM-5)		02.0610
Amphetamine Abuse
[description not available]		03.6630
Amphetamine-Related Disorders
Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines.		03.6630
Behavior Disorders
[description not available]		04.7360
Mental Disorders
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.		04.7360
Pyrexia
[description not available]		03.4470
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		03.4470
Eosinophilia, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.0210
Pulmonary Eosinophilia
A condition characterized by infiltration of the lung with EOSINOPHILS due to inflammation or other disease processes. Major eosinophilic lung diseases are the eosinophilic pneumonias caused by infections, allergens, or toxic agents.		02.0210
Diseases of Endocrine System
[description not available]		02.0210
Endocrine System Diseases
Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.		02.0210
Recrudescence
[description not available]		06.81100
Depression, Endogenous
[description not available]		06.69150
Depressive Disorder
An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.		18.69150
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		03.5680
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		06.25120
Basal Ganglia Diseases
Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		03.6230
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		02.7330
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		03.6790
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		02.4120
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		03.4270
Body Rocking
[description not available]		02.730
Chemical Dependence
[description not available]		06.7110
Substance-Related Disorders
Disorders related to substance use or abuse.		06.7110
Psychoses, Drug
[description not available]		03.6630
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		04.7321
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		04.7321
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		02.5220
Parkinsonian Disorders
A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.		02.5220
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		02.5120
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		03.0240
Diabetic Nephropathies
KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.		02.5120
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		03.0240
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		04.1330
Metastase
[description not available]		02.6320
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		02.6320
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		06.03142
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		04.5330
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		04.5330
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		07.0662
Amentia
[description not available]		06.2541
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		07.0662
Dementia
An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.		06.2541
Tardive Dystonia
[description not available]		02.2110
Tardive Dyskinesia
Drug-related movement disorder characterized by uncontrollable movements in certain muscles. It is associated with a long-term exposure to certain neuroleptic medications (e.g., METOCLOPRAMIDE).		02.2110
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic
[description not available]		02.2510
Airway Remodeling
The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues.		02.2510
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.		02.2510
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.		02.2510
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
[description not available]		02.2510
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.		02.2510
Agitation, Psychomotor
[description not available]		03.4720
Acathisia, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		05.4370
Psychomotor Agitation
A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.		03.4720
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar
[description not available]		05.8190
Bipolar Disorder
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.		05.8190
Anxiety Neuroses
[description not available]		06.7691
Anxiety Disorders
Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.		06.7691
Anoxemia
[description not available]		04.7100
Blood Pressure, Low
[description not available]		02.7530
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		04.7100
Hypotension
Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.		02.7530
Hyperthermia
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of inability to regulate core body temperature due to non-pathologic factors.		02.2510
Depression, Involutional
Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.		014.35389
Depressive Disorder, Major
Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)		014.35389
Cognitive Decline
[description not available]		04.9221
Cognitive Dysfunction
Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.		04.9221
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease
[description not available]		03.1710
Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis
[description not available]		03.1710
Lung Diseases, Interstitial
A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.		03.1710
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age. Clinically, it is characterized by an insidious onset of breathlessness with exertion and a nonproductive cough, leading to progressive DYSPNEA. Pathological features show scant interstitial inflammation, patchy collagen fibrosis, prominent fibroblast proliferation foci, and microscopic honeycomb change.		03.1710
MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
[description not available]		02.3110
Multiple Sclerosis
An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)		02.3110
Encephalopathy, Toxic
[description not available]		04.230
Injuries, Spinal Cord
[description not available]		04.3770
Spinal Cord Injuries
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).		04.3770
Heroin Abuse
[description not available]		02.1510
Heroin Dependence
Strong dependence or addiction, both physiological and emotional, upon HEROIN.		02.1510
Frigidity
[description not available]		08.73143
Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological
Disturbances in sexual desire and the psychophysiologic changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994)		08.73143
Lassitude
[description not available]		04.7332
Drop Attack
[description not available]		03.5311
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.		04.3741
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		04.7332
Syncope
A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)		03.5311
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome
Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.		02.1510
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver
[description not available]		02.5220
Hypertension, Portal
Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.		02.1510
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		03.0610
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		03.0610
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		03.0610
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		03.0610
Gambling, Pathologic
[description not available]		04.231
Gambling
An activity distinguished primarily by an element of risk in trying to obtain a desired goal, e.g., playing a game of chance for money.		04.231
Visceral Pain
Pain originating from internal organs (VISCERA) associated with autonomic phenomena (PALLOR; SWEATING; NAUSEA; and VOMITING). It often becomes a REFERRED PAIN.		02.1510
Refractory Depression
[description not available]		03.9521
Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant
Failure to respond to two or more trials of antidepressant monotherapy or failure to respond to four or more trials of different antidepressant therapies. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 9th ed.)		03.9521
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		04.8370
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		02.1510
Mitral Incompetence
[description not available]		02.1710
Mitral Valve Insufficiency
Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.		02.1710
Hallucination of Body Sensation
[description not available]		05.0760
Hallucinations
Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.		05.0760
Vascular Injuries
[description not available]		02.1710
Neointima
The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement.		02.1710
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling
[description not available]		02.1710
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted
[description not available]		02.2110
Hepatitis C
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.		02.2110
Serotonin Syndrome
An adverse drug interaction characterized by altered mental status, autonomic dysfunction, and neuromuscular abnormalities. It is most frequently caused by use of both serotonin reuptake inhibitors and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, leading to excess serotonin availability in the CNS at the serotonin 1A receptor.		03.3260
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		03.4220
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		03.4220
Uveal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UVEA.		02.1710
Sclerosis, Systemic
[description not available]		02.5220
Scleroderma, Systemic
A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.		02.5220
Paralysis, Sleep
[description not available]		03.0910
Labhart-Willi Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1710
Prader-Willi Syndrome
An autosomal dominant disorder caused by deletion of the proximal long arm of the paternal chromosome 15 (15q11-q13) or by inheritance of both of the pair of chromosomes 15 from the mother (UNIPARENTAL DISOMY) which are imprinted (GENETIC IMPRINTING) and hence silenced. Clinical manifestations include MENTAL RETARDATION; MUSCULAR HYPOTONIA; HYPERPHAGIA; OBESITY; short stature; HYPOGONADISM; STRABISMUS; and HYPERSOMNOLENCE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p229)		02.1710
Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders
Disorders whose essential features are the failure to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the individual or to others. Individuals experience an increased sense of tension prior to the act and pleasure, gratification or release of tension at the time of committing the act.		03.0910
Endotoxemia
A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.		02.2110
Antisocial Behavior
Behavior that sharply deviates from social norms and violates rights of others		02.2110
Apnea, Obstructive Sleep
[description not available]		04.1531
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395)		04.1531
Charles Bonnet Syndrome
Repetitive visual hallucinations experienced mostly by elderly with diminished visual acuity or visual field loss, with awareness of the fictional nature of their hallucinations. It is not associated with delusions and other sensory hallucinations.		02.2110
Hypercapnia
A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.		02.7530
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		03.3920
Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
[description not available]		02.7730
Pulmonary Hypertension
[description not available]		06.23121
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.		06.23121
Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Familial or idiopathic hypertension in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION which is not secondary to other disease.		02.7730
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.7430
Dizzyness
[description not available]		03.4711
Dizziness
An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.		03.4711
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		04.1431
Heart Valve Diseases
Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).		04.4730
Pervasive Child Development Disorders
[description not available]		02.0810
Childhood Tic Disorders
[description not available]		02.0810
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavioral Disorders
[description not available]		03.8721
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive
Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.		02.0810
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Includes two similar disorders: oppositional defiant disorder and CONDUCT DISORDERS. Symptoms occurring in children with these disorders include: defiance of authority figures, angry outbursts, and other antisocial behaviors.		03.8721
Gastric Stasis
[description not available]		03.8521
Gastric Ulcer
[description not available]		02.4920
Stomach Ulcer
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		02.4920
Gastroparesis
Chronic delayed gastric emptying. Gastroparesis may be caused by motor dysfunction or paralysis of STOMACH muscles or may be associated with other systemic diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS.		03.8521
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.		02.4520
Central Nervous System Disease
[description not available]		03.3920
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.		03.3920
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		03.5780
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		05.8681
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		05.8681
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		02.110
Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome
[description not available]		03.4811
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic
A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)		03.4811
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		04.0750
Acute Post-operative Pain
[description not available]		02.520
Pain, Postoperative
Pain during the period after surgery.		02.520
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		04.5451
Acute Pain
Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.		02.110
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		03.3920
Biliary Tract Diseases
Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.		02.110
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		03.3920
Polydipsia
Excessive thirst manifested by excessive fluid intake. It is characteristic of many diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS; and NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS. The condition may be psychogenic in origin.		02.1110
Alcohol Abuse
[description not available]		03.8840
Alcoholism
A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)		03.8840
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		02.1110
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		02.1110
47,XX,+21
[description not available]		02.110
Down Syndrome
A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)		02.110
Disc, Herniated
[description not available]		04.3541
Intervertebral Disc Displacement
An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.		04.3541
Carcinogenesis
The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.		03.0410
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		03.360
Right Ventricular Dysfunction
[description not available]		02.1110
Endomyocardial Fibrosis
A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE).		02.1110
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		03.360
Alcohol Problem
[description not available]		02.1110
Alcohol-Related Disorders
Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of alcohol.		02.1110
Anasarca
[description not available]		02.4820
Burns
Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.		02.4620
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		02.4820
Experimental Radiation Injuries
[description not available]		02.1110
Retinal Degeneration
A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)		02.1110
Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
[description not available]		03.8940
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month.		03.8940
Habit Chorea
[description not available]		02.520
Chronic Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder
[description not available]		02.1110
Tourette Syndrome
A neuropsychological disorder related to alterations in DOPAMINE metabolism and neurotransmission involving frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics need to be present with TICS occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (From DSM-IV, 1994; Neurol Clin 1997 May;15(2):357-79)		02.1110
Tics
Habitual, repeated, rapid contraction of certain muscles, resulting in stereotyped individualized actions that can be voluntarily suppressed for only brief periods. They often involve the face, vocal cords, neck, and less often the extremities. Examples include repetitive throat clearing, vocalizations, sniffing, pursing the lips, and excessive blinking. Tics tend to be aggravated by emotional stress. When frequent they may interfere with speech and INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS. Conditions which feature frequent and prominent tics as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as TIC DISORDERS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp109-10)		02.520
Colitis, Mucous
[description not available]		03.6630
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.		03.6630
Sex Disorders
[description not available]		03.8721
Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological
Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female.		03.8721
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.1110
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		02.1110
Indigestion
[description not available]		04.1531
Dyspepsia
Impaired digestion, especially after eating.		04.1531
Besnier-Boeck Disease
[description not available]		02.1310
Encephalitis, JC Polyomavirus
[description not available]		03.1450
Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal
An opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system associated with conditions that impair cell-mediated immunity (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES; HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; and COLLAGEN DISEASES). The causative organism is JC Polyomavirus (JC VIRUS) which primarily affects oligodendrocytes, resulting in multiple areas of demyelination. Clinical manifestations include DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; visual disturbances; and other focal neurologic deficits, generally progressing to a vegetative state within 6 months. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp36-7)		03.1450
Sarcoidosis
An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.		02.1310
Absence Seizure Disorder
[description not available]		02.1310
Epilepsy, Absence
A seizure disorder usually occurring in childhood characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736)		02.1310
DDPAC
[description not available]		02.1310
Frontotemporal Dementia
The most common clinical form of FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION, this dementia presents with personality and behavioral changes often associated with disinhibition, apathy, and lack of insight.		02.1310
Anhedonia
Inability to experience pleasure due to impairment or dysfunction of normal psychological and neurobiological mechanisms. It is a symptom of many PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (e.g., DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; and SCHIZOPHRENIA).		02.1510
Alveolitis, Fibrosing
[description not available]		02.4920
Pulmonary Fibrosis
A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.		02.4920
Hypothermia, Accidental
[description not available]		03.4220
Hypothermia
Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.		03.4220
Coronary Artery Stenosis
[description not available]		03.5311
Atheroma
[description not available]		03.8921
Vascular Calcification
Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS.		03.5311
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		03.5311
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		04.7132
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		03.5311
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		04.7132
Coronary Stenosis
Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.		03.5311
Addiction, Opioid
[description not available]		02.1510
Opioid-Related Disorders
Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.		02.1510
Hyperphagia
Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.		02.4920
Stammering
[description not available]		02.0410
Stuttering
A disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that is inappropriate for the individual's age. This disturbance is characterized by frequent repetitions or prolongations of sounds or syllables. Various other types of speech dysfluencies may also be involved including interjections, broken words, audible or silent blocking, circumlocutions, words produced with an excess of physical tension, and monosyllabic whole word repetitions. Stuttering may occur as a developmental condition in childhood or as an acquired disorder which may be associated with BRAIN INFARCTIONS and other BRAIN DISEASES. (From DSM-IV, 1994)		02.0410
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
[description not available]		02.7330
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular
Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.		02.7330
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness
[description not available]		02.0410
Muscle Relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.		02.4420
Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome
[description not available]		03.8710
Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm
Dyssomnias associated with disruption of the normal 24 hour sleep wake cycle secondary to travel (e.g., JET LAG SYNDROME), shift work, or other causes.		03.8710
Nicotine Addiction
[description not available]		02.0410
Tobacco Use Disorder
Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included.		02.0410
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0410
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		02.0410
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.4420
Pyloric Stenosis
Narrowing of the pyloric canal with varied etiology. A common form is due to muscle hypertrophy (PYLORIC STENOSIS, HYPERTROPHIC) seen in infants.		02.0410
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		02.4420
Endotoxin Shock
[description not available]		02.0510
Shock, Septic
Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.		02.0510
Tachyarrhythmia
[description not available]		02.4520
Tachycardia
Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.		02.4520
Hyperventilation
A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.		02.0510
Hyperprolactinaemia
[description not available]		03.6530
Hyperprolactinemia
Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologies include PROLACTINOMA, medication effect, KIDNEY FAILURE, granulomatous diseases of the PITUITARY GLAND, and disorders which interfere with the hypothalamic inhibition of prolactin release. Ectopic (non-pituitary) production of prolactin may also occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp77-8)		03.6530
Sneezing
The sudden, forceful, involuntary expulsion of air from the NOSE and MOUTH caused by irritation to the MUCOUS MEMBRANES of the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.		02.0510
Urinary Incontinence, Stress
Involuntary discharge of URINE as a result of physical activities that increase abdominal pressure on the URINARY BLADDER without detrusor contraction or overdistended bladder. The subtypes are classified by the degree of leakage, descent and opening of the bladder neck and URETHRA without bladder contraction, and sphincter deficiency.		02.0510
Graft Occlusion, Vascular
Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.		03.3720
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		02.0510
Affective Disorders
[description not available]		03.3720
Blood Clot
[description not available]		02.7330
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		02.7330
Mood Disorders
Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.		03.3720
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
[description not available]		02.9610
Coronary Artery Vasospasm
[description not available]		02.9610
Coronary Vasospasm
Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.		02.9610
Allergic Reaction
[description not available]		02.0510
Hypersensitivity
Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.		02.0510
Joint Pain
[description not available]		02.0510
Polyarthritis
[description not available]		02.0510
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		02.0510
Arthralgia
Pain in the joint.		02.0510
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		02.0510
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0510
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		02.0510
Cholangiitis, Sclerosing
[description not available]		02.0510
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		02.0510
Cholangitis, Sclerosing
Chronic inflammatory disease of the BILIARY TRACT. It is characterized by fibrosis and hardening of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ductal systems leading to bile duct strictures, CHOLESTASIS, and eventual BILIARY CIRRHOSIS.		02.0510
Coronary Thrombosis
Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		02.0510
Bleeding
[description not available]		02.0510
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		02.0510
Bronchial Hyperreactivity
Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.		02.0510
Abdominal Migraine
[description not available]		05.2641
Migraine Disorders
A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		05.2641
Analgesic Overuse Headache
[description not available]		03.3820
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		02.4420
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		02.4420
Injuries, Tendon
[description not available]		02.0510
Choriocarcinoma
A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).		02.0510
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		02.0510
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		02.0510
Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular
Enlargement of the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is often attributed to PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.		02.4720
Arthropathies
[description not available]		02.4620
Joint Diseases
Diseases involving the JOINTS.		02.4620
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.		02.0510
Apnea, Sleep
[description not available]		02.0510
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.		02.0510
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		02.0510
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		02.0510
Decreased Muscle Tone
[description not available]		02.0510
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		04.7521
Daytime Sleepiness
[description not available]		02.9810
Disorders of Excessive Somnolence
Disorders characterized by hypersomnolence during normal waking hours that may impair cognitive functioning. Subtypes include primary hypersomnia disorders (e.g., IDIOPATHIC HYPERSOMNOLENCE; NARCOLEPSY; and KLEINE-LEVIN SYNDROME) and secondary hypersomnia disorders where excessive somnolence can be attributed to a known cause (e.g., drug affect, MENTAL DISORDERS, and SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME). (From J Neurol Sci 1998 Jan 8;153(2):192-202; Thorpy, Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, 2nd ed, p320)		02.9810
Ventricular Dysfunction
A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function.		02.0610
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy
[description not available]		02.0610
Diabetic Neuropathies
Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)		02.0610
Biological Clock Disturbances
[description not available]		02.9810
Chloasma
[description not available]		02.9810
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		02.9810
Melanosis
Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.		02.9810
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		02.9810
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		02.0610
Altitude Hypoxia
Low ambient oxygen tension associated with ALTITUDE.		02.0610
Altitude Sickness
Multiple symptoms associated with reduced oxygen at high ALTITUDE.		02.0610
Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.0710
Limited Scleroderma
[description not available]		02.0710
Skin Ulcer
An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.		02.0710
Scleroderma, Diffuse
A rapid onset form of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA with progressive widespread SKIN thickening over the arms, the legs and the trunk, resulting in stiffness and disability.		02.0710
Scleroderma, Limited
The least progressive form of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA with skin thickening restricted to the face, neck and areas distal to the elbows and/or knees, sparing the trunk. The CREST SYNDROME is a form of limited scleroderma.		02.0710
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		02.0610
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		02.0610
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
[description not available]		02.0710
Corneal Dystrophies
[description not available]		02.0710
Macular Degeneration
Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.		02.0710
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		03.8421
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		03.8421
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		02.0510
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		02.0510
Calcification, Pathologic
[description not available]		02.0710
Aortic Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.		02.0710
Calcinosis
Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.		02.0710
Peripheral Arterial Diseases
[description not available]		03.4711
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		03.4711
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		03.4711
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.		03.4711
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		02.0810
Fra(X) Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0710
Fragile X Syndrome
A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226)		02.0710
AIDS Seroconversion
[description not available]		02.9910
Thromboembolism, Venous
[description not available]		02.0810
Venous Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		02.0810
Diabetic Angiopathies
VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.		02.4520
Dyskinesia Syndromes
[description not available]		02.0110
Movement Disorders
Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.		02.0110
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		03.411
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		03.411
Rupture
Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.		02.0210
Elevated Cholesterol
[description not available]		02.4220
Hypercholesterolemia
A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.		02.4220
Binge Eating
[description not available]		02.0210
Leanness
[description not available]		02.0210
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)		02.0210
Bulimia
Eating an excess amount of food in a short period of time, as seen in the disorder of BULIMIA NERVOSA. It is caused by an abnormal craving for food, or insatiable hunger also known as ox hunger.		02.0210
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular
[description not available]		04.6632
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.		04.6632
Intermittent Claudication
A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.		04.3722
Drug Abuse, Intravenous
[description not available]		03.4111
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		02.7230
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		02.7230
Cardiometabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.		02.9310
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.		02.9310
Delusional Disorder
Disorder with presentation of a facade of coldness with characteristic pervasive mistrust and suspiciousness of others.		02.0210
Neuralgia, Sciatic
[description not available]		03.4111
Low Back Ache
[description not available]		03.4111
Sciatica
A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of SCIATIC NEUROPATHY; RADICULOPATHY (involving the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT); or lesions of the CAUDA EQUINA.		03.4111
Low Back Pain
Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.		03.4111
Action Tremor
[description not available]		02.0210
Tremor
Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.		02.0210
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		02.0210
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		02.0210
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion
[description not available]		02.0210
Lesion of Sciatic Nerve
[description not available]		02.0210
Peripheral Nerve Diseases
[description not available]		02.0210
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.		02.0210
Paranoia
[description not available]		02.0310
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		02.0310
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		02.0310
Poultry Diseases
Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.		03.4111
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		02.0310
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		02.0310
Hypermyotonia
[description not available]		02.0310
Infections, Nematode
[description not available]		02.0310
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular
[description not available]		02.0310
Hot Flashes
A sudden, temporary sensation of heat predominantly experienced by some women during MENOPAUSE. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)		02.0310
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.0310
Brain Disorders
[description not available]		02.0310
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.		02.0310
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		02.4420
Brain Diseases
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.		02.0310
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		02.4420
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.		02.0310
Seasonal Affective Disorders
[description not available]		03.4211
Seasonal Affective Disorder
A syndrome characterized by depressions that recur annually at the same time each year, usually during the winter months. Other symptoms include anxiety, irritability, decreased energy, increased appetite (carbohydrate cravings), increased duration of sleep, and weight gain. SAD (seasonal affective disorder) can be treated by daily exposure to bright artificial lights (PHOTOTHERAPY), during the season of recurrence.		03.4211
Clasp-Knife Spasticity
[description not available]		02.0310
Pain, Intractable
Persistent pain that is refractory to some or all forms of treatment.		02.0310
Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex
[description not available]		02.0310
Muscle Spasticity
A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a free interval) followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)		02.0310
Reflex, Abnormal
An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.		02.0310
Decerebrate Posturing
[description not available]		02.4420
Acute Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		02.0310
Liver Failure, Acute
A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.		02.0310
Arterial Obstructive Diseases
[description not available]		03.4211
Active Hyperemia
[description not available]		03.4211
Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.		03.4211
Hyperemia
The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).		03.4211
Apoplexy
[description not available]		04.3411
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		04.3411
Body Weight, Fetal
[description not available]		02.0310
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis
[description not available]		02.0310
Pre-Eclampsia
A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.		02.0310
Absence Status
[description not available]		02.0310
Status Epilepticus
A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)		02.0310
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		02.0310
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		02.0310
Nerve Root Avulsion
[description not available]		02.0410
Radiculopathy
Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.		02.0410
Albuminuria
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		02.0410
Erythremia
[description not available]		02.0410
Polycythemia Vera
A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs.		02.0410