Adolescent Myoclonic Epilepsy

A disorder characterized by the onset of myoclonus in adolescence, a marked increase in the incidence of absence seizures (see EPILEPSY, ABSENCE), and generalized major motor seizures (see EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). The myoclonic episodes tend to occur shortly after awakening. Seizures tend to be aggravated by sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Hereditary and sporadic forms have been identified. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p323)

Synonym
Janz Impulsive Petit Mal
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Impulsive Petit Mal, Janz
Impulsive Petit Mal Epilepsy
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy of Janz
JME (Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy)
Myoclonic Epilepsy, Adolescent
Janz Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Adolescent Myoclonic Epilepsy
Janz Syndrome
Epilepsy, Myoclonic, Juvenile
Epilepsy, Myoclonic Juvenile
Petit Mal, Impulsive
Petit Mal, Impulsive, Janz
Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile, 1
Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile

Excerpt	Reference
"Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is a frequent form of idiopathic generalized epilepsy that is usually and easily controlled by valproate monotherapy."	( Dravet, C; Gelisse, P; Genton, P; Thomas, P, 2000)
"Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is one of the most common idiopathic generalized epilepsies, with most patients experiencing PGTCS."	( Biton, V; Bourgeois, BF, 2005)
"Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is a heterogeneous syndrome, both in genetic and clinical aspects."	( Mohammad Ali, S; Motamedi, M; Rahmat, M, 2006)
"Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is a clinically well-defined, age-related common idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndrome with substantial genetic basis to its etiology."	( Anand, A; Kapoor, A; Kuruttukulam, G; Ratnapriya, R, 2007)
"Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is a common idiopathic generalized epileptic syndrome that includes generalized myoclonic seizures and commonly generalized tonic-clonic and generalized absence seizures."	( Abou-Khalil, B; Montouris, G, 2009)
"Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is the most frequent idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndrome."	( Barker, GJ; Duncan, JS; Janz, D; Koepp, MJ; Kumari, V; O'Muircheartaigh, J; Richardson, MP; Symms, MR; Thompson, P; Vollmar, C, 2011)
"Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is the most common form of idiopathic generalized epilepsy with onset at puberty or late teenage years."	( Adamolekun, B; Afra, P, 2012)
"Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is often regarded as a benign epileptic syndrome, but in this setting, half of the individuals with JME have refractory epilepsy with only about a quarter of those seizure-free in the previous year."	( Cação, G; Mannan, S; Parra, J; Sander, JW; Sisodiya, SM, 2018)

Excerpt	Reference
"To determine the risk of aggravation of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy in patients treated with carbamazepine and phenytoin."	( Dravet, C; Gelisse, P; Genton, P; Thomas, P, 2000)
"Fourteen patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) were treated with a single low dose of a sustained-release preparation of sodium valproate (VPA, 500 mg daily)."	( Alexiou, D; Angelopoulos, P; Armentsoudis, P; Baloyannis, S; Delithanasis, I; Dimitrakoudi, E; Hamlatzis, P; Karlovassitou-Koniari, A, 2002)
"The recommended treatment for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is valproate (VPA)."	( Hardison, H; Khurana, DS; Kothare, SV; Legido, A; Melvin, JJ; Valencia, I, 2004)
"We have treated a patient with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy who had frequent and inconvenient morning myoclonus with 3,200 mg of piracetam daily."	( Andermann, E; Andermann, F; Khani, YA, 2005)
"Drug treatment of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is mainly based on clinical experience and prospective and retrospective studies, with little evidence from randomized clinical trials."	( Auvin, S, 2008)
"About 80-90% of patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy respond to appropriate antiepileptic treatment and achieve seizure freedom, and about 15% of patients become intractable."	( Adamolekun, B; Afra, P, 2012)
"A 15-year-old boy with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy developed acute pancreatitis after 2-month therapy with valproic acid."	( Talvik, I; Talvik, T; Uibo, O; Veri, K, 2013)
"A 27-year-old woman was diagnosed with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy since the age of 13 and was on valproate therapy."	( Acharya, M; Kumawat, BL; Parekh, J; Sharma, C, 2014)
"We aimed to investigate juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) patients complaining of tremor unrelated to valproate (VPA) treatment and evaluate if there were differences between JME patients with and without tremor and essential tremor (ET) patients to exclude comorbidity."	( Aydin-Özemir, Z; Baykan, B; Bebek, N; Bilgic, B; Gurses, C; Hanagasi, H; Matur, Z; Oge, AE; Tekturk, P, 2016)
"A 29-year-old man with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and medically refractory GTCS on a combination of levetiracetam and topiramate was started on lacosamide adjunctive therapy with the plan to replace topiramate."	( Ákos Szabó, C; Karkar, KM; Morgan, LC; Sonnenberg, S, 2019)

Timeframe	Studies, This Condition (%)	All Conditions %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	23.3326
1990's	2 (1.10)	12.5806
2000's	87 (48.07)	18.1394
2010's	73 (40.33)	28.8240
2020's	19 (10.50)	9.53

Drug	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
gamma-aminobutyric acid	low	9	0
choline	low	3	0
chlorine	low	1	0
salicylic acid	low	1	0
creatine	low	6	0
cytosine	low	1	0
glycine	low	1	0
inositol	low	2	0
thymine	low	1	0
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine	low	1	0
phenytoin	low	2	0
acetaminophen	low	1	0
carbamazepine	low	10	0
clobazam	low	1	0
clonazepam	low	1	0
valproic acid	medium	86	7
ethosuximide	low	1	0
hydroxyurea	low	1	0
ketamine	low	1	0
lamotrigine	medium	23	2
apnea	low	1	0
oxazepam	low	1	0
phenobarbital	low	1	0
piracetam	medium	22	5
vorinostat	low	1	0
vigabatrin	low	1	0
zonisamide	medium	7	1
aspartic acid	low	6	0
glutamine	low	2	0
testosterone propionate	low	1	0
androstenedione	low	1	0
isoxazoles	medium	6	1
flurothyl	low	1	0
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol	low	1	0
formestane	low	1	0
glutamic acid	low	2	0
adenosine diphosphate ribose	low	1	0
oxcarbazepine	low	5	0
paroxetine	low	1	0
fomesafen	low	4	0
n-acetylaspartic acid	low	6	0
triazoles	low	1	0
fluorodeoxyglucose f18	low	2	0
dipropylacetamide	low	1	0
homocysteine	low	1	0
rufinamide	low	1	0
lacosamide	low	3	0
carnosine	low	1	0
D-fructopyranose	medium	12	4
levetiracetam	medium	30	6
topiramate	medium	15	4
stiripentol	low	1	0
phosphocreatine	low	1	0
ucb 34714	low	2	0
perampanel	low	2	0
g(m1) ganglioside	low	1	0
n-((1-allyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)-5-(3-fluoropropyl)-2,3-dimethoxybenzamide	low	1	0
homocarnosine	low	1	0
nad	low	1	0
exudates	low	1	0
folic acid	low	1	0
eye	low	1	0

Protein Targets (672)

Protein	Potency Measurements	Inhibition Measurements	Activation Measurements	Drugs
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	9	0	0	9
ATAD5 protein, partial	5	0	0	5
GLS protein	9	0	0	9
Microtubule-associated protein tau	4	0	0	4
Smad3	4	0	0	4
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	8	0	0	8
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	7	0	0	7
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	9	0	0	9
progesterone receptor	8	0	0	8
EWS/FLI fusion protein	6	0	0	6
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	11	0	0	11
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	8	0	0	8
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	16	0	0	16
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	17	0	0	17
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	7	0	0	7
aryl hydrocarbon receptor	3	0	0	3
chromobox protein homolog 1	9	0	0	9
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	8	0	0	8
peripheral myelin protein 22	5	0	0	5
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1	4	0	0	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	4	4	0	8
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	0	14	0	14
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	0	14	0	15
Solute carrier family 22 member 6	0	2	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase 12	0	6	0	9
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9	0	0	0	2
Bile salt export pump	0	4	0	4
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit	3	0	0	3
Bile salt export pump	0	19	0	19
Cytochrome P450 2B1	0	0	0	1
Cytochrome P450 1A1	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 1	0	10	0	17
Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	11	2	21
Myoglobin	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 1A1	0	0	1	2
Cytochrome P450 1A2	0	0	0	1
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 3	0	6	0	7
Cytochrome P450 3A4	0	4	0	5
Cytochrome P450 2D6	0	6	0	7
Cytochrome P450 2C9	0	5	0	5
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	4	4	0	8
Sulfotransferase 1A1	0	0	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	4	4	0	8
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	4	4	1	9
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-6	0	0	0	2
Glutamate receptor 2	3	2	1	6
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	4	4	0	8
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	4	4	0	8
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	0	3	0	3
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 4	0	8	0	12
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	0	2	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase 6	0	6	0	9
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	4	4	0	8
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	4	4	0	8
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	4	4	0	8
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	4	4	0	8
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	4	4	0	8
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	0	8	2	13
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	0	2	0	3
Carbonic anhydrase 7	0	6	0	9
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	3	0	0	3
Cytochrome P450 2J2	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	4	4	1	9
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	4	4	0	8
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	4	4	1	9
Carbonic anhydrase 9	0	7	0	11
GABA theta subunit	4	4	0	8
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	0	14	0	14
Carbonic anhydrase 15	0	6	0	7
Carbonic anhydrase 13	0	3	0	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	4	4	0	8
Carbonic anhydrase 14	0	6	0	9
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	0	6	0	9
toxin B	0	0	0	1
TDP1 protein	15	0	0	15
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2	0	0	1	1
Chain A, HADH2 protein	2	0	0	2
Chain B, HADH2 protein	2	0	0	2
interleukin 8	1	0	0	1
acetylcholinesterase	4	0	0	4
SMAD family member 2	2	0	0	2
SMAD family member 3	2	0	0	2
GLI family zinc finger 3	10	0	0	10
AR protein	15	0	0	15
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	7	0	0	7
regulator of G-protein signaling 4	4	0	0	4
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	7	0	0	7
nonstructural protein 1	2	0	0	2
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	7	0	0	7
farnesoid X nuclear receptor	6	0	0	6
pregnane X nuclear receptor	13	0	0	13
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	3	0	0	3
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	6	0	0	6
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	9	0	0	9
Histone H2A.x	3	0	0	3
Caspase-7	2	0	0	2
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1	11	0	0	11
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1	5	0	0	5
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d	3	0	0	3
caspase-3	2	0	0	2
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1	1	0	0	1
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	3	0	0	3
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 1	1	0	0	1
snurportin-1	1	0	0	1
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	8	0	0	8
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 1	1	0	0	1
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)	3	0	0	3
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1	4	0	0	4
geminin	17	0	0	17
survival motor neuron protein isoform d	3	0	0	3
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 1	1	0	0	1
lamin isoform A-delta10	12	0	0	12
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A	4	0	0	4
Sex hormone-binding globulin	0	0	1	1
Beta-glucuronidase	0	1	0	1
Cholinesterase	0	1	0	1
Corticosteroid-binding globulin	0	1	0	1
Aromatase	0	4	0	8
Androgen receptor	0	3	0	3
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor	0	1	0	2
Testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase 3	0	1	0	1
Alpha-synuclein	1	1	0	2
TAR DNA-binding protein 43	6	0	0	6
thioredoxin reductase	13	0	0	13
arylsulfatase A	10	0	0	10
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	16	0	0	16
D(1A) dopamine receptor	6	0	0	6
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE	8	0	0	8
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE	4	0	0	4
Chain A, Ferritin light chain	3	0	0	3
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	5	0	0	5
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor	3	0	0	3
lethal factor (plasmid)	2	0	0	2
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	0	1	2	4
Excitatory amino acid transporter 4	0	2	0	2
Glutamate transporter homolog	0	0	1	1
N(4)-(beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl)-L-asparaginase	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D	0	0	0	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	0	7	2	10
Excitatory amino acid transporter 1	0	3	0	4
Excitatory amino acid transporter 2	0	3	0	4
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	0	3	0	4
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	0	7	2	10
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	0	9	2	12
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	0	7	2	10
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	0	1	2	4
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	0	1	2	4
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative	0	0	0	4
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	0	7	2	10
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	0	7	2	10
Carbonic anhydrase 4	0	2	0	4
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	0	7	2	10
Chain A, Beta-lactamase	2	0	0	2
USP1 protein, partial	5	0	0	5
IDH1	2	0	0	2
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a	5	0	0	5
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2	4	0	0	4
Vpr	1	0	0	1
Albumin	0	0	1	1
Major prion protein	0	0	1	1
Cellular tumor antigen p53	9	0	0	9
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	0	2	0	2
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	0	4	0	4
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha	0	3	0	3
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7	0	1	0	3
Cytochrome P450 2B6	0	0	1	1
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha	0	4	0	7
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	0	8	0	8
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	0	5	0	5
Frizzled-8	0	0	1	1
P2X purinoceptor 4	0	3	0	3
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1	2	0	0	2
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor	3	0	0	3
Histamine H2 receptor	3	1	0	4
Solute carrier family 15 member 1	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 15 member 2	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 15 member 2	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	2	0	3
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Putative Glycine Betaine-binding Abc Transporter Protein	0	0	1	1
Chain A, PUTATIVE GLYCINE BETAINE-BINDING ABC TRANSPORTER PROTEIN	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Choline-binding protein	0	0	1	1
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	4	0	0	4
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	0	1	0	2
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	0	1	0	2
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	0	1	0	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3	0	1	0	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	0	2	0	2
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2	0	1	0	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2	0	2	0	2
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3	0	1	0	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4	0	1	0	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5	0	1	0	1
Acetylcholinesterase	0	2	0	2
Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1	0	1	0	1
Choline O-acetyltransferase	0	0	0	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6	0	1	0	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9	0	1	0	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	0	2	0	2
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	0	1	0	2
High affinity choline transporter 1	0	1	0	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-10	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	0	1	0	2
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase	6	0	0	6
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2	1	0	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	0	5	0	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	0	5	0	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	0	5	2	7
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	0	5	1	6
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	0	5	2	7
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	0	5	1	6
Translocator protein	0	1	0	1
Translocator protein	0	2	0	2
Cholecystokinin receptor type A	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	0	5	1	6
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	0	5	1	6
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	0	5	1	6
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	0	5	2	7
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	0	5	1	6
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	0	5	0	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	0	5	1	6
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	0	5	0	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	0	5	0	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	0	5	0	5
Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1	0	1	0	1
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	0	4	0	4
Deoxycytidine kinase	0	0	0	1
Chain A, limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Epoxide hydrolase	0	1	0	1
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit	3	0	0	3
Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Dihydrofolate reductase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase	3	0	0	3
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase	4	0	0	4
acid sphingomyelinase	1	0	0	1
glp-1 receptor, partial	4	0	0	4
glucocerebrosidase	1	0	0	1
alpha-galactosidase	1	0	0	1
activating transcription factor 6	4	0	0	4
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein	1	0	0	1
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1	2	0	0	2
DNA polymerase beta	1	0	0	1
Thymidylate synthase	0	2	0	2
Thymidylate synthase	0	1	0	1
Dihydrofolate reductase	0	2	1	3
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	0	2	0	2
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A3	0	1	0	1
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial	0	0	0	1
Multidrug resistance associated protein	0	0	0	1
Luciferase	3	0	0	3
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	3	0	0	3
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)	3	0	0	3
tyrosine-protein kinase Yes	1	0	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid	0	1	1	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3	0	0	1	1
Hsf1 protein	0	0	2	3
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B	1	0	0	1
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 3	3	0	0	3
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor	3	0	0	3
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1	4	0	0	4
Histone deacetylase 3	0	5	1	9
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2	0	1	1	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	0	1	1	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	0	1	1	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	0	1	1	2
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	0	0	2	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	0	1	1	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	0	1	1	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	0	1	1	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2	0	0	1	1
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1	0	1	0	1
Sodium- and chloride-dependent taurine transporter	0	1	0	1
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2	0	1	0	1
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3	0	1	0	1
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1	0	1	0	1
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2	0	2	0	2
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3	0	2	0	2
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter	0	1	0	1
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter	0	1	0	1
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	0	1	1	2
Histone deacetylase 4	0	5	1	9
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	0	1	1	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	0	1	1	2
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial	0	1	0	2
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial	0	1	0	2
Histone deacetylase 1	0	5	2	10
Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	0	0	1	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	0	1	1	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	0	1	1	2
Histone deacetylase 7	0	5	2	10
Histone deacetylase 2	0	5	2	10
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	0	5	1	9
Histone deacetylase 11	0	5	1	9
Histone deacetylase 8	0	5	2	10
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	0	1	1	2
Platelet glycoprotein VI	0	0	1	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	0	1	1	2
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	0	1	1	2
Histone deacetylase 6	0	5	2	10
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1	0	1	1	2
Histone deacetylase 9	0	5	1	9
Histone deacetylase 5	0	5	1	9
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1	0	1	0	1
Chain A, GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR SUBUNIT 2	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Glutamate Receptor Subunit 2	0	1	0	1
Chain B, Glutamate Receptor Subunit 2	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Slr1257 protein	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing]	0	1	0	1
beta-2 adrenergic receptor	1	0	0	1
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	2	0	0	2
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	0	2	0	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	0	2	0	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	0	2	0	2
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial	0	2	0	2
Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1	0	1	0	1
Prothrombin	0	0	1	1
Integrin beta-3	0	0	1	1
Integrin alpha-IIb	0	0	1	1
ATP-citrate synthase	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor 1	0	2	1	3
Glutamate receptor 3	0	2	1	3
Glutamate receptor 4	0	2	1	3
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	0	2	1	3
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1	0	1	1	2
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	0	0	1	1
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	0	0	1	1
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	0	1	1	2
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	0	0	1	1
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6	0	0	1	1
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	0	0	1	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	0	1	1	2
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	0	1	1	3
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	0	2	1	3
Glutamate receptor 1	0	3	1	4
Glutamate receptor 2	0	2	1	3
Glutamate receptor 3	0	1	1	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	0	2	0	2
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	0	0	1	1
Glutamate receptor 4	0	2	1	3
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3	0	0	0	1
Glutamate racemase	0	0	0	1
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	0	1	1	2
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4	0	2	0	2
Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	0	3	0	3
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	0	3	0	3
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2	0	1	1	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	0	3	0	3
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7	0	1	1	3
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3	0	1	1	3
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4	0	1	1	3
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	0	2	0	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5	0	2	0	2
Glutamate racemase	0	0	0	1
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	0	2	0	2
Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Glutamine Binding Protein	0	0	1	1
15-lipoxygenase, partial	1	0	0	1
flap endonuclease 1	3	0	0	3
Neutral amino acid transporter A	0	2	0	2
Asc-type amino acid transporter 1	0	1	0	1
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	0	2	0	2
Amino acid transporter	0	2	0	2
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1	0	0	1	1
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1	0	1	0	1
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	0	2	0	2
Serine racemase	0	1	0	1
Olfactory receptor 51E2	0	0	1	1
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2	0	1	0	1
N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	0	1	0	1
Fumarate hydratase	1	0	0	1
NFKB1 protein, partial	1	0	0	1
polyprotein	1	0	0	1
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA	3	0	0	3
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor	3	0	0	3
plasminogen precursor	3	0	0	3
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor	3	0	0	3
Stromelysin-1	0	0	2	2
Urease subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit	0	1	0	1
Urease subunit beta	0	1	0	1
Inositol monophosphatase 1	2	0	0	2
Chain B, Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D	0	1	0	1
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor	3	0	0	3
Amyloid-beta precursor protein	0	2	0	2
Sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter 2	0	1	0	1
Acetylcholinesterase	0	2	0	2
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	1	0	0	1
Cholinesterase	0	2	0	2
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1	0	2	0	2
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1	0	2	0	2
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C	0	4	0	4
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha	0	3	0	3
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 13	0	4	0	4
GALC protein	2	0	0	2
cytochrome P450 2D6	5	0	0	5
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	0	3	0	3
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha	0	3	0	3
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog	2	0	0	2
Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A	0	3	0	3
D(2) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	2
D(4) dopamine receptor	0	1	0	1
D(3) dopamine receptor	0	1	0	1
67.9K protein	1	0	0	1
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	3	0	0	3
Solute carrier family 22 member 20	0	2	0	2
Solute carrier family 22 member 6	0	2	0	2
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4	2	0	0	2
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	0	3	0	3
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	0	4	2	6
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	0	3	1	4
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	0	4	2	6
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	0	3	2	5
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	0	4	2	6
Trace amine-associated receptor 1	0	0	1	1
Chain B, Exotoxin A	0	0	1	1
Chain B, Exotoxin A	0	0	1	1
Chain B, Exotoxin A	0	0	1	1
Albumin	0	2	1	3
polyadenylate-binding protein 1	0	1	0	1
bcl-2-related protein A1	0	1	0	1
Spike glycoprotein	5	0	0	5
G	5	0	0	5
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a	1	0	0	1
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor	1	0	0	1
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor	1	0	0	1
ras-related protein Rab-9A	1	0	0	1
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 1	1	0	0	1
M-phase phosphoprotein 8	2	0	0	2
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	0	1	0	1
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F	0	2	0	2
Interferon beta	7	0	0	7
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	5	0	0	5
Myeloperoxidase	0	1	0	1
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	0	3	0	3
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	0	2	0	2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4	0	2	0	2
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	0	0	1	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5	0	2	0	2
Quinolone resistance protein NorA	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	0	2	0	2
Angiotensin-converting enzyme	0	2	0	2
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	0	2	0	2
Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1	0	1	0	1
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 3	0	1	0	1
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1	0	1	1	2
Substance-P receptor	0	1	0	1
Rhodopsin kinase GRK1	0	1	0	1
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5	0	1	0	1
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5	0	1	0	1
D(1A) dopamine receptor	1	0	0	1
P2X purinoceptor 4	0	1	0	1
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D	0	2	0	2
Envelope glycoprotein	0	0	1	1
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S	0	2	0	2
Rhodopsin kinase GRK1	0	1	0	1
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	0	1	0	1
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	0	1	0	1
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3	0	2	0	2
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	5	0	0	5
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	3	0	0	3
Ataxin-2	3	0	0	3
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	0	2	0	2
Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1	0	0	0	1
Transporter	0	2	0	2
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	5	0	0	5
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	0	2	0	2
endonuclease IV	2	0	0	2
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor	1	0	0	1
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C	0	1	0	1
Dihydrofolate reductase	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	0	2	0	2
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	1	0	0	1
Parkin	1	0	0	1
Estrogen receptor beta	0	0	0	1
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta	0	0	0	1
Polyphenol oxidase 2	0	1	0	3
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2	0	0	0	1
Polymerase acidic protein	0	0	1	1
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase YopH	0	1	0	1
High mobility group protein B1	0	0	1	1
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1	0	1	0	1
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	0	1	0	3
Estrogen receptor	0	0	0	1
Cystathionine gamma-lyase	0	1	0	1
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1	0	0	0	1
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2	0	0	0	1
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase	0	1	0	1
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 6	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 7	0	0	0	1
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 8	0	1	0	1
Ubiquitin-like domain-containing CTD phosphatase 1	0	1	0	1
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3	0	0	0	1
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2	0	0	0	1
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1	0	0	0	1
Pyruvate kinase PKM	0	0	1	1
pregnane X receptor	2	0	0	2
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease	2	0	0	2
caspase-3	2	0	0	2
heat shock protein beta-1	1	0	0	1
Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase	0	1	0	1
Androgen receptor	0	1	0	2
Androgen receptor	0	0	1	1
Neuropeptide FF receptor 2	0	0	0	1
Thymidine phosphorylase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 1	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	2	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	2	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	2	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	2	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	2	0	2
Prolyl endopeptidase	0	2	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 11	0	0	0	1
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	0	2	0	3
Cytochrome P450 2C8	0	2	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	1	0	1
Delta-type opioid receptor	0	2	0	2
Cytochrome P450 2C19	0	2	0	2
Delta-type opioid receptor	0	2	0	2
Mu-type opioid receptor	0	2	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	2	0	3
D(2) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	2	0	2
Mu-type opioid receptor	0	2	0	2
Beta-carbonic anhydrase 1	0	2	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	2	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family	0	2	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	2	0	3
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	2	0	3
Carbonic anhydrase	0	2	0	2
Delta carbonic anhydrase	0	2	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	2	0	3
Mu-type opioid receptor	0	1	1	2
Delta-type opioid receptor	0	2	0	2
Kappa-type opioid receptor	0	1	0	1
Chain A, CHORISMATE MUTASE	0	1	0	1
Chain A, TYROSYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE	0	0	1	1
Plasma kallikrein	0	0	0	1
Adenosine receptor A1	0	0	0	1
Adenosine receptor A2a	0	0	0	1
SLC16A10 protein	0	0	0	1
Tubulin--tyrosine ligase	0	1	0	1
Monocarboxylate transporter 10	0	0	0	1
Taste receptor type 2 member 14	0	0	0	1
Cocaine esterase	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 2A6	0	1	0	1
Tissue factor	0	1	0	1
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	0	1	0	1
Liver carboxylesterase 1	0	1	0	1
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	0	1	0	1
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	0	1	0	1
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B7	0	1	0	1
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	0	2	0	2
NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial	0	2	0	2
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Histone deacetylase-like amidohydrolase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Histone deacetylase-like amidohydrolase	0	1	0	1
Histone deacetylase 8	0	1	0	1
Nrf2	1	0	0	1
PAX8	0	0	0	1
PPM1D protein	1	0	0	1
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	0	0	0	1
Histone deacetylase	0	1	0	1
Lysine-specific demethylase 4E	0	1	0	1
Gli1	0	1	0	1
nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 1	0	1	0	1
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	0	1	0	1
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 3	1	0	0	1
steroidogenic factor 1	0	1	0	1
protein Wnt-3a precursor	0	1	0	1
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3F isoform a	1	0	0	1
Histone deacetylase 1	0	2	0	2
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	0	1	0	1
Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	0	1	0	1
Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2	0	1	0	1
Bromodomain-containing protein 4	0	1	0	1
Nuclear receptor corepressor 1	0	2	0	2
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	0	0	1	1
Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1	0	1	0	1
Epidermal growth factor receptor	0	1	0	1
Tubulin alpha-1A chain	0	1	0	1
Tubulin beta chain	0	1	0	1
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase	0	1	0	1
Protein Tat	0	0	1	1
Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	0	1	0	1
Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	0	1	0	1
Aminopeptidase N	0	1	0	1
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15	0	0	0	1
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX12	0	0	0	1
Cannabinoid receptor 1	0	1	0	1
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	0	1	0	1
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	0	1	0	1
DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1	0	1	0	1
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	0	2	0	2
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Proteasome subunit beta type-5	0	1	0	1
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	0	1	0	1
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3	0	1	0	1
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform	0	1	0	1
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2	0	1	0	1
Apoptosis regulator BAX	0	0	1	1
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase	0	1	0	1
Histone deacetylase 1	0	1	0	1
Histone deacetylase	0	1	0	1
Renin	0	1	0	1
Histone deacetylase 3	0	1	0	1
Histone deacetylase-like amidohydrolase	0	2	1	3
Histone deacetylase	0	1	0	1
HD2 type histone deacetylase HDA106	0	2	0	2
Carboxypeptidase B2	0	1	0	1
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EHMT2	0	1	0	1
Histone deacetylase 7	0	1	0	1
Histone deacetylase 6	0	1	0	1
Histone deacetylase 4	0	1	0	1
REST corepressor 3	0	1	0	1
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	0	0	1	1
Histone deacetylase	0	1	0	1
Nuclear receptor corepressor 2	0	2	0	2
Histone deacetylase 6	0	1	0	1
Histone deacetylase	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	1	0	1
Translocator protein	0	1	0	1
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 3	0	1	0	1
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing]	0	1	0	1
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Adolescent Myoclonic Epilepsy

Synonyms(16)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Treatment

Research

Studies (181)

Protein Targets (672)

Adolescent Myoclonic Epilepsy

Synonyms(16)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Treatment

Research

Studies (181)

Drugs Studied (74)

Protein Targets (672)