topiramate profile

Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5284627
CHEMBL ID	220492
CHEBI ID	63631
SCHEMBL ID	34631
MeSH ID	M0148600

Synonym
BIDD:PXR0127
BIDD:GT0854
AKOS000424547
AB00639961-08
(-)-topiramate
sincronil
chebi:63631 ,
topomax
CHEMBL220492
qudexy
eprontia
topamac
rwj-17021
epitoma
topimax
usl-255
topina
[(3as,5ar,8ar,8bs)-2,2,7,7-tetramethyltetrahydro-3ah-bis[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-b:4',5'-d]pyran-3a-yl]methyl sulfamate
topiramate, >=98% (hplc), solid
2,3:4,5-di-o-isopropylidene-beta-d-fructopyranose sulfamate
mcn 4853
rwj-17021-000
topamax sprinkle
mcn-4853
epitomax
c12h21no8s
beta-d-fructopyranose, 2,3:4,5-bis-o-(1-methylethylidene)-, sulfamate
brn 5988957
tipiramato [spanish]
topamax
topiramatum [inn-latin]
2,3:4,5-bis-o-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-d-fructopyranose sulfamate
topiramatum [latin]
tipiramate [french]
topiramato [inn-spanish]
BSPBIO_002306
NCGC00178714-01
usl255
2,3-4,5-bis-o-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-d-fructopyranose sulfamate
CBCHROMO1_000352
MLS001424070
topiramate
C07502
97240-79-4
TPM ,
smr000466325
MLS000759431
sulfamate 7
bdbm10887
DB00273
topiramate (tpm)
[(1r,2s,6s,9r)-4,4,11,11-tetramethyl-3,5,7,10,12-pentaoxatricyclo[7.3.0.0^{2,6}]dodecan-6-yl]methyl sulfamate
D00537
topamax (tn)
topiramate (jan/usp/inn)
trokendi xr (tn)
NCGC00095181-01
SPECTRUM2_001128
SPBIO_000995
SPECTRUM1505801
HMS2051L09
HMS2093D20
TOR ,
HMS1922H06
tipiramate
hsdb 7531
topiramatum
qudexy xr
topiramate [usan:usp:inn:ban]
topiragen
topax
unii-0h73wjj391
topiramato
usl 255
trokendi xr
0h73wjj391 ,
nsc 759251
tipiramato
dtxsid8023688 ,
dtxcid103688
cas-97240-79-4
tox21_302401
NCGC00255221-01
tox21_111472
pharmakon1600-01505801
nsc759251
nsc-759251
topiramate tablet
HMS2232H21
CCG-100940
W-60376
topiramate [who-dd]
topiramate [usp impurity]
.beta.-d-fructopyranose, 2,3:4,5-bis-o-(1-methylethylidene)-, sulfamate
topiramate [inn]
topiramate [ep monograph]
topiramate component of qsymia
qsymia component topiramate
topiramate [vandf]
topiramate [usp-rs]
topiramate [hsdb]
topiramate [usp monograph]
topiramate [mi]
topiramate [usan]
topiramate [mart.]
topiramate [jan]
topiramate [inci]
topiramate [orange book]
2,3:4,5-di-o-isopropylidene-.beta.-d-fructopyranose sulfamate
S1438
[(3as,5ar,8ar,8bs)-2,2,7,7-tetramethyl-5,5a,8a,8b-tetrahydrodi[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-a:5',3'-d]pyran-3a-yl]methyl sulfamate
gtpl6849
eprontia (liquid formulation)
KJADKKWYZYXHBB-XBWDGYHZSA-N
CS-1885
HY-B0122
AB00639961-06
NC00190
SCHEMBL34631
3HKU
3LXE
NCGC00178714-04
tox21_111472_1
KS-1122 ,
((3as,5ar,8ar,8bs)-2,2,7,7-tetramethyltetrahydro-3ah-bis[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-b:4',5'-d]pyran-3a-yl)methyl sulfamate
Q-201845
2,3:4,5-bis-o-(1-methylethylidene)-?-d-fructopyranose sulfamate
HB0618
((3as,5ar,8ar,8bs)-2,2,7,7-tetramethyltetrahydro-3ah-bis([1,3]dioxolo)[4,5-b:4',5'-d]pyran-3a-yl)methyl sulfamate
AB00639961_10
AB00639961_09
rwj 17021
2,3:4,5-di-o-isopropylidene-b-d-fructopyranose sulfamate
mfcd00865320
[(1r,2s,6s,9r)-4,4,11,11-tetramethyl-3,5,7,10,12-pentaoxatricyclo[7.3.0.02,6]dodecan-6-yl]methyl sulfamate
sr-01000759409
SR-01000759409-4
topiramate, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
topiramate, pharmaceutical secondary standard; certified reference material
topiramate 1.0 mg/ml in acetonitrile
SBI-0206907.P001
HMS3715I12
SW197570-3
[(3as,5ar,8ar,8bs)-2,2,7,7-tetramethyltetrahydro-3ah-bis[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-b:4',5'-d]pyran-3a-yl]methyl sulfamate (non-preferred name)
F20536
Z1511495258
HMS3678C15
HMS3414C15
Q221174
mcn 4853;rwj 17021
HMS3884C17
NCGC00178714-18
A900173
2,3:4,5-bis-o-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-d-fructopyranose 1-sulfamate;2,3:4,5-di-o-isopropylidene-beta-d-fructopyranose sulfamate; topamax; tracrium; toiramate:
topiramate- bio-x
BT167048
EN300-118319
[(1r,2s,6s,9r)-4,4,11,11-tetramethyl-3,5,7,10,12-pentaoxatricyclo[7.3.0.0,2,6]dodecan-6-yl]methyl sulfamate
.beta.-d-fructopyranose, 2,3:4,5-bis-o-(1-methylethylidene)-, 1-sulfamate
topiramate (usp impurity)
topiramate (ep monograph)
topiramate (usp-rs)
n03ax11
topiramatum (latin)
topiramatum (inn-latin)
topiramate (usan:usp:inn:ban)
topiramate (usp monograph)
topiramate (mart.)
topiramato (inn-spanish)
qudexyxr
topiramate, 1mg/ml in acetonitrile

Research Excerpts

Overview

Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug (AED) used for the monotherapy or adjunctive treatment of epilepsy and for the prophylaxis of migraine. Topiramate has shown promise as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of addictive disorders.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Topiramate is a widely used antiepileptic drug, which has been demonstrated to act as an efficient weight loss agent. "	( The first example of a significant active site conformational rearrangement in a carbonic anhydrase-inhibitor adduct: the carbonic anhydrase I-topiramate complex. Alterio, V; De Simone, G; Monti, SM; Pedone, C; Supuran, CT; Truppo, E, 2010)	2
"Topiramate is a newer broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug (AED). "	( Topiramate for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Liu, J; Tai, YJ; Wang, LN, 2021)	3.51
"Topiramate is a commonly used medication with several indications including migraines, myoclonic jerks and seizures."	( Topiramate-induced severe electrolyte abnormalities and hypernatremia leading to central pontine myelinolysis. Clark, B; Muaddi, L; Osman, O, 2021)	2.79
"Topiramate is an anticonvulsant drug effective against a wide range of seizures and epilepsies. "	( Gastroprotective effect of topiramate on indomethacin-induced peptic ulcer in rats: Biochemical and histological analyses. Andishfar, N; Esmaeilzadeh, Z; Ghasemnejad-Berenji, M; Jafari, A; Khezri, MR, 2022)	2.46
"Topiramate is a medication that is widely prescribed to treat a variety of conditions, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). "	( Association of topiramate prescribed for any indication with reduced alcohol consumption in electronic health record data. Fiellin, DA; Hartwell, EE; Kranzler, HR; Leong, SH; Naps, M; Rentsch, CT, 2022)	2.52
"Topiramate is an effective medication for individuals seeking to reduce heavy drinking. "	( An intensive longitudinal examination of topiramate treatment for alcohol use disorder: a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial. Crist, RC; Kranzler, HR; Pond, T; Van Horn, ML; Votaw, VR; Witkiewitz, K, 2023)	2.62
"Topiramate is a commonly prescribed second-generation antiseizure drug."	( Narrative Review of Topiramate: Clinical Uses and Pharmacological Considerations. Ahmadzadeh, S; Babin, CP; Blake, JC; Catalano, NT; Kaye, AD; Pearl, NZ; Shekoohi, S, 2023)	1.96
"Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug (AED) used for the monotherapy or adjunctive treatment of epilepsy and for the prophylaxis of migraine. "	( An isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure for the quantification of topiramate in human serum and plasma. Bauland, F; Fischer, V; Geistanger, A; Geletneky, C; Kobel, A; Risch, L; Salzmann, L; Schierscher, T; Seger, C; Singh, N; Spescha, T; Taibon, J, 2023)	2.55
"Topiramate is a repurposed first-line treatment for migraine prophylaxis. "	( European Headache Federation (EHF) critical reappraisal and meta-analysis of oral drugs in migraine prevention - part 3: topiramate. Amin, FM; Boucherie, DM; Deligianni, CI; García-Azorín, D; Gil-Gouveia, R; Kirsh, S; Lampl, C; MaassenVanDenBrink, A; Raffaelli, B; Reuter, U; Sacco, S; Sanchez-Del-Rio, M; Uluduz, D; Versijpt, J; Zeraatkar, D, 2023)	2.56
"Topiramate is an anticonvulsant that has shown promise as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of addictive disorders, including compulsive buying disorder (CBD). "	( A 12-Week Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of Topiramate for the Treatment of Compulsive Buying Disorder. de Oliveira, EC; Kim, HS; Marasaldi, RF; Nicoli de Mattos, C; Requião, MG; Tavares, H; Zambrano Filomensky, T, )	1.81
"Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug that elicits cognitive deficits more frequently than other antiepileptic drugs, impairing multiple cognitive domains including language, attention, and memory."	( Severity of Topiramate-Related Working Memory Impairment Is Modulated by Plasma Concentration and Working Memory Capacity. Barkley, CM; Bathena, SPR; Birnbaum, AK; Callisto, SP; Illamola, SM; Leppik, IE; Marino, SE, 2020)	1.66
"Topiramate (TPM) is a new drug for the treatment for seizures in neonates with HIE, but is currently used off-label."	( Topiramate for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: A systematic review protocol. Chen, G; Chen, T; Chen, Y; Hou, Y; Huang, R; Shi, P; Wei, L; Xie, Y; Xing, W; Zhang, Z, 2020)	2.72
"Topiramate (TPM) is a fructose derivative, which was originally developed as an antiepileptic. "	( Topiramate-Associated Movement Disorder: Case Series and Literature Review. Caprara, ALF; Rissardo, JP, )	3.02
"Topiramate is an effective treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and has also been used in the care of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). "	( A randomized pilot trial of topiramate for alcohol use disorder in veterans with traumatic brain injury: Effects on alcohol use, cognition, and post-concussive symptoms. Abrams, G; Batki, SL; Bielenberg, J; Herbst, E; Lasher, B; Novakovic-Agopian, T; Pennington, DL, 2020)	2.29
"Topiramate is a drug commonly used by physicians. "	( A case series of topiramate-induced angle closure crisis - an ophthalmic emergency. Gopalakrishna, M; Odayappan, A; Rengaraj, V; Srinivasan, K, 2020)	2.34
"Topiramate is an approved antiepileptic drug clinically used to treat epilepsy and prevent migraines. "	( Topiramate inhibits offensive aggression through targeting ventrolateral periaqueductal gray. Chou, D, 2020)	3.44
"Topiramate is an anti-epileptic drug that is commonly prescribed not just to prevent seizures but also migraine headaches, with over 8 million prescriptions dispensed annually. "	( Anti-epileptic drug topiramate upregulates TGFβ1 and SOX9 expression in primary embryonic palatal mesenchyme cells: Implications for teratogenicity. Ernst, NJ; Goering, JP; Gunewardena, S; Hall, EG; Hipp, LA; Olm-Shipman, AJ; Rafi, SK; Saadi, I; Wilson, NR, 2021)	2.39
"Topiramate is an efficacious pharmacotherapy for AUD. "	( World Health Organization risk drinking levels as a treatment outcome measure in topiramate trials. Feinn, R; Hartwell, EE; Kranzler, HR; Pond, T; Witkiewitz, K, 2021)	2.29
"Topiramate (TPM) is a drug commonly used by neurophysicians and psychiatrists for a plethora of indications. "	( Topiramate induced bilateral hypopyon uveitis and choroidal detachment: a report of two cases and review of literature. Ambiya, V; Behera, S; Dikshit, S; Pappuru, RR; Senthil, S; Tyagi, M, 2021)	3.51
"Topiramate is an anticonvulsant currently under study for treating substance use disorders. "	( Effects of topiramate on the association between affect, cannabis craving, and cannabis use in the daily life of youth during a randomized clinical trial. Carpenter, RW; Emery, NN; Meisel, SN; Miranda, R, 2021)	2.45
"Topiramate is a newer broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug (AED). "	( Topiramate monotherapy for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Liu, J; Wang, LN; Wang, YP, 2017)	3.34
"Topiramate is a medication that is approved as both monotherapy and adjunctive treatment of seizure disorder in adults and adolescents. "	( Hallucinations Associated with Topiramate Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Catalano, G; Catalano, MC; Register, SL; Ruano, OL; Sanchez, DL, 2017)	2.18
"Topiramate is an anticonvulsant that is being increasingly used for a number of different off-label indications. "	( Topiramate and metabolic acidosis: an evolving story. Emmett, M; Fenves, AZ; Gao, JJ; Gupta, S, 2017)	3.34
"Topiramate is a well-known anticonvulsant drug with a broad spectrum of actions. "	( A Probable Topiramate-Induced Limbs Paraesthesia and Rigid Fingers Flexion. Falsaperla, R; Pavone, P; Pratico, AD; Ruggieri, M, 2018)	2.31
": Topiramate is a non-benzodiazepine anticonvulsant medication with multi-faceted pharmacologic action. "	( Topiramate Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder and Other Addictions: A Narrative Review. Arias, AJ; Chakraborty, A; Manhapra, A, )	2.3
": Topiramate is an anticonvulsant medication with increasingly strong evidence, supporting its use for treating alcohol use disorder (AUD) based on clinical trials. "	( Topiramate Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder in Clinical Practice. Arias, AJ; Jefee-Bahloul, H; Jorandby, L, )	2.3
"Topiramate is an anticonvulsant drug also prescribed for migraine prophylaxis that acts through several mechanisms of action. "	( Topiramate protects apoE-deficient mice from kidney damage without affecting plasma lipids. Brambilla, E; Busnelli, M; Chiesa, G; Lekka, E; Manzini, S; Minoli, L; Ossoli, A; Parolini, C; Persidis, A; Scanziani, E; Simonelli, S, 2019)	3.4
"Topiramate is a newer broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug (AED). "	( Topiramate for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Liu, J; Wang, LN; Wang, YP, 2019)	3.4
"Topiramate is a novel antiepileptic drug that is used as an adjunctive in the treatment of partial and secondary generalized seizures. "	( Topiramate precipitating a manic episode in a bipolar patient comorbid with binge eating disorder: A case report. Duan, J; Hu, S; Huang, M; Lai, J; Lu, J; Wang, D; Xu, Y; Zhou, W, 2019)	3.4
"Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug, which in addition, is used in the treatment of many neuropsychiatric disorders."	( Amelioration of Behavioral Impairments and Neuropathology by Antiepileptic Drug Topiramate in a Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice, APP/PS1. Owona, BA; Schluesener, HJ; Zhang, ZY; Zug, C, 2019)	1.46
"Topiramate (TPM) is a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant used both as an adjunctive treatment and as monotherapy. "	( Factors influencing serum topiramate concentrations in routine therapeutic drug monitoring in Korean adult patients with epilepsy. Ahn, JH; Hong, SB; Huh, HJ; Joo, EY; Lee, SY; Seo, DW, 2013)	2.13
"Topiramate is a sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide anticonvulsant that is associated with anorexia and weight loss and has been used to treat binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa. "	( Topiramate for abnormal eating behaviour in frontotemporal dementia. Evans, A; Mocellin, R; Singam, C; Velakoulis, D; Walterfang, M, 2013)	3.28
"Topiramate is an antiepileptic agent, which is structurally different from the other anticonvulsants. "	( Applicability of LC-MS/MS to optimize derivatization of topiramate with FMOC-Cl using reacted/intact drug ratio. Bahrami, G; Fakhri, S; Mohammadi, B; Tammari, E, 2013)	2.08
"Topiramate is a recognized cause of drug-induced acute angle-closure glaucoma. "	( Topiramate-induced angle-closure glaucoma: cross-sensitivity with other sulphonamide derivatives causing anterior uveitis. Goel, R; Kamal, S; Kumar, S; Yadava, U, 2014)	3.29
"Topiramate appears to be a useful alternative agent in cases of PME and could be consider for adjunctive therapy."	( Efficacy of topiramate as add-on therapy in two different types of progressive myoclonic epilepsy. Demir, CF; Müngen, B; Ozdemir, HH, 2013)	1.49
"Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug with multiple possible mechanisms of action. "	( Topiramate for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults. Derry, S; Lunn, MP; Moore, RA; Wiffen, PJ, 2013)	3.28
"Topiramate is a small molecule widely used for the treatment of epilepsy, migraine, bipolar disorders and alcoholism, and its availability as a generic formulation could significantly reduce the National Health Service expenditure. "	( Efficacy and safety of topiramate in migraine prophylaxis: an open controlled randomized study comparing Sincronil and topamax formulations. Brighina, F; Cosentino, G; Fierro, B; Indovino, S; Maccora, S; Paladino, P, 2013)	2.14
"Topiramate is a well known drug widely used in epilepsy treatment and migraine prevention."	( [Heat stroke related to the use of topiramate. The importance of prevention]. Bejarano Ramírez, N; Latorre Latorre, JF; López-Menchero Oliva, C; Martínez Jiménez, MD; Pareja Grande, J; Rosich Del Cacho, M, 2014)	1.4
"Topiramate is an effective inhibitor of the cocaine-induced increase in operant ethanol self-administration."	( Effects of topiramate on ethanol-cocaine interactions and DNA methyltransferase gene expression in the rat prefrontal cortex. Bühler, KM; Calleja-Conde, J; Echeverry-Alzate, V; Giné, E; Gorriti, MA; López-Moreno, JA; Nadal, R; Olmos, P; Rodríguez de Fonseca, F, 2014)	2.23
"Topiramate is an effective and well-tolerated prophylactic therapy for use in pediatric migraine patients. "	( Topiramate for migraine prophylaxis in pediatric patients. Deaton, TL; Mauro, LS, 2014)	3.29
"Topiramate (TOP) is an antiepileptic drug that may have utility in the treatment of cocaine dependence because it enhances the GABAergic system, antagonizes the glutamatergic system, and has been identified by NIDA as one of only a few medications providing a "positive signal" warranting further clinical investigation."	( Topiramate for cocaine dependence during methadone maintenance treatment: a randomized controlled trial. Bigelow, GE; DeFulio, A; Mintzer, MZ; Peirce, J; Strain, EC; Tompkins, DA; Umbricht, A; Winstanley, EL, 2014)	2.57
"Topiramate is an approved drug to treat seizures, but its indications have been extended to other diseases of the nervous system and as an adjuvant to chronic pain. "	( Calcium nephrolithiasis induced by topiramate. Arrabal-Martin, M; Arrabal-Polo, MA; Cano-Garcia, Mdel C; Merino-Salas, S, 2014)	2.12
"Topiramate is a 2nd generation antiepileptic drug (AED) recently approved by the FDA for migraine prophylaxis. "	( Therapeutic drug monitoring of topiramate with a new HPLC method, SPE extraction and high sensitivity pre-column fluorescent derivatization. Bolner, A; De Riva, V; Galloni, E; Perini, F, 2014)	2.13
"Topiramate is an effective, popular prophylactic migraine treatment, which is approved for use in adults and adolescents."	( Safety of topiramate for treating migraines. Marmura, MJ, 2014)	1.53
"Topiramate is an anticonvulsant that has been widely used in psychiatric conditions. "	( Topiramate-associated urinary incontinence: a case verified by rechallenge. Ho, PS; Liang, CS; Tseng, YT; Wang, CF, )	3.02
"Topiramate is a drug which emerged from its anticonvulsant properties and now over the years is used for a wider range of indications, including migraine prophylaxis. "	( Topiramate-induced acute onset myopia: a case report. Abeysekera, RA; Bandara, JM; Imbulpitiya, IV; Medagama, A; Senaratne, T, 2014)	3.29
"Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug with multiple mechanisms of action that is also used for migraine prophylaxis. "	( The effects of topiramate therapy on cerebral metabolism in migraine with aura patients. Demirkaya, S; Eroglu, E; Gul, HL; Karadas, O; Ozturk, B, 2014)	2.2
"Topiramate is an effective prophylactic treatment in migraine with aura patients and appeared to play a positive role in the regulation of cerebrovascular autonomic control."	( The effects of topiramate therapy on cerebral metabolism in migraine with aura patients. Demirkaya, S; Eroglu, E; Gul, HL; Karadas, O; Ozturk, B, 2014)	2.2
"Topiramate (TPM) is an increasingly used drug during childbearing ages for treatment of epilepsy, migraine, and appetite suppression as well as for off-label indications such as sleep and psychiatric disorders. "	( First trimester exposure to topiramate and the risk of oral clefts in the offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Alsaad, AM; Chaudhry, SA; Koren, G, 2015)	2.15
"Topiramate (TPM) is an effective antiepileptic drug (AED). "	( Cognitive adverse events of topiramate in patients with epilepsy and intellectual disability. Brandt, C; Lahr, D; May, TW, 2015)	2.15
"Topiramate is an anticonvulsant drug and it has been used worldwide for a wide range of applications. "	( Topiramate: a review of analytical approaches for biological matrices. Armstrong, DW; Cabral, LM; de Sousa, VP; Dolzan, MD; Pinto, EC, 2015)	3.3
"Topiramate is an effective anti-epileptic drug and can be associated with increased risk for urolithiasis because of its effects on acid-base profile. "	( Topiramate may not increase risk of urolithiasis: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Chou, CY; Hsu, CY; Lin, HC; Lin, HL; Shen, AL; Tseng, YF, 2015)	3.3
"Topiramate (TPM) is a novel, broad-spectrum, antiepileptic drug with a reported protective effect against several brain injuries."	( Topiramate attenuates early brain injury following subarachnoid haemorrhage in rats via duplex protection against inflammation and neuronal cell death. Du, HG; Guo, SX; Li, JR; Tian, Y; Wang, CH; Wu, Q; Zhang, JM, 2015)	2.58
"Topiramate is an anticonvulsant drug mainly used for the treatment of different types of seizures and prophylactic treatment of migraine."	( Topiramate: A Review of Analytical Approaches for the Drug Substance, Its Impurities and Pharmaceutical Formulations. Armstrong, DW; Cabral, LM; de Sousa, VP; Dolzan, MD; Pinto, EC, 2016)	2.6
"Topiramate (TPM) is an antiepileptic drug able to play a role in both neurological and psychiatric disorders. "	( The Role of Topiramate in the Management of Cocaine Addiction: a Possible Therapeutic Option. Biagio Mercuri, N; Bonci, A; De Sarro, G; Gallelli, L; Pirritano, D; Siniscalchi, A; Squillace, A, 2015)	2.24
"Topiramate (TPM) is an antiepileptic drug that is also used for other indications (e.g., migraine). "	( A systematic review of placebo-controlled trials of topiramate: How useful is a multiple-indications review for evaluating the adverse events of an antiepileptic drug? Dixon, P; Donegan, S; Hemming, K; Marson, A; Tudur-Smith, C, 2015)	2.11
"Topiramate is a newer broad-spectrum of antiepileptic drug (AED). "	( Topiramate monotherapy for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Liu, J; Wang, LN; Wang, YP, 2015)	3.3
"Topiramate is an approved and effective drug in migraine prophylaxis. "	( Topiramate-induced paresthesia is more frequently reported by migraine than epileptic patients. Azizpour, I; Sedighi, B; Shafiei, K, 2016)	3.32
"Topiramate seems to be an effective medication for the prophylaxis of BPT episodes."	( The Efficacy of Topiramate in Benign Paroxysmal Torticollis of Infancy: Report of Four Cases. Badihian, N; Badihian, S; Yaghini, O, 2016)	1.5
"Topiramate (TPM) is an agent primarily used in the treatment of epilepsy. "	( Involvement of NMDA receptors and L-arginine/nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway in the antidepressant-like effects of topiramate in mice forced swimming test. Chamanara, M; Dehpour, AR; Jazaeri, F; Khan, MI; Norouzi-Javidan, A; Ostadhadi, S; Zolfaghari, S, 2016)	2.08
"Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug indicated for the treatment of seizure disorders, migraine prophylaxis, and, more recently, weight loss. "	( Possible Drug-Associated Sialolithiasis From the Bicarbonate Anhydrase Inhibitor Topiramate: A Case Report and Literature Review. Buhler, AV; Huynh, P; Low, P; Von, M, 2016)	2.1
"Topiramate is an anticonvulsant drug which has been evaluated as a therapeutic option for the treatment of cocaine addiction during the last decade."	( Topiramate increases the rewarding properties of cocaine in young-adult mice limiting its clinical usefulness. Aguilar, MA; Arenas, MC; Gutiérrez, MS; Manzanares, J; Manzanedo, C; Mateos-García, A; Miñarro, J; Navarrete, F; Rodríguez-Arias, M, 2016)	3.32
"Topiramate (TPM) is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug used for a variety of clinical conditions, including migraine prophylaxis and mood disorders. "	( Spermatorrhea and Loss of Libido Induced by Topiramate: First Case Report and Review of Literature. Hao, N; Wu, M; Zhou, D, )	1.84
"Topiramate (TPM) is an antiepileptic drug effective against a broad spectrum of seizure types, and has been proposed as a possible therapeutic option for super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE), the most severe form of GCSE."	( Topiramate in the Treatment of Generalized Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Adults: A Systematic Review with Individual Patient Data Analysis. Bragazzi, NL; Brigo, F; Igwe, SC; Nardone, R; Trinka, E, 2017)	2.62
"Topiramate appears to be a promising agent in the treatment of skin-picking symptoms. "	( Use of Topiramate in Skin-Picking Disorder: A Pilot Study. Jafferany, M; Osuagwu, FC, 2017)	2.35
"Topiramate is a second-generation antiepileptic drug used as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy in adults and children with partial seizures. "	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Topiramate in Japanese Pediatric and Adult Patients With Epilepsy Using Routinely Monitored Data. Ikeda, A; Ito, S; Matsubara, K; Sugimoto, M; Takeuchi, M; Yamamoto, S; Yano, I; Yonezawa, A, 2017)	2.18
"Topiramate is a sulfamate-substituted fructopyranose derivative that may antagonize the reinforcing effects associated with the abuse liability of alcohol by modulation of cortico-mesolimbic dopamine function."	( Topiramate may modulate alcohol abuse but not other compulsive behaviors in frontotemporal dementia: case report. Cruz, M; Engelhardt, E; Fontenelle, LF; Laks, J; Marinho, V, 2008)	2.51
"Topiramate (TPM) is a new antiepileptic drug approved for the prevention of migraine headache. "	( A functional MRI study of language disturbances in subjects with migraine headache during treatment with topiramate. De Ciantis, A; De Ciantis, R; Di Renzo, A; Frondizi, D; Iannone, G; Muti, M; Ottaviano, P; Piccirilli, M; Piccolini, C; Principi, M, 2008)	2
"Topiramate (TPM) is a new, effective and safe antiepileptic drug. "	( Topiramate effects on plasma serotonin levels in children with epilepsy. Balestri, P; Battaglini, M; Blardi, P; De Lalla, A; Franzoni, E; Grosso, S; Mostardini, R, 2008)	3.23
"Topiramate is a sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide and is used as an antiepileptic medication. "	( Topiramate induced bilateral angle-closure glaucoma. Badhu, BP; Singh, SK; Thapa, SS, )	3.02
"Topiramate is a sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide that has proven efficacy in reducing migraine attacks frequency and severity and has similar mechanisms of action and side effects profile to zonisamide. "	( Zonisamide for migraine prophylaxis in patients refractory to topiramate. Bermejo, PE; Dorado, R, )	1.81
"Topiramate (TPM) is a new antiepiletic drug with efficacy in several types of seizures. "	( Rapid assay of topiramate in dried blood spots by a new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method. Dani, FR; Filippi, L; Fiorini, P; Francese, S; Guerrini, R; Innocenti, M; la Marca, G; Luceri, F; Malvagia, S; Moneti, G; Pieraccini, G, 2008)	2.14
"Topiramate is a newer generation antiepileptic drug with a wide range of antiepileptic efficacy as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy, and which has shown positive activity in intractable epilepsy and newly diagnosed epilepsy. "	( Efficacy of topiramate in adult patients with symptomatic epilepsy: an open-label, long-term, retrospective observation. Lu, Y; Wang, X; Yu, W, 2009)	2.17
"Topiramate is an AMPA/KA receptor blocker and use-dependent sodium channel blocker with several other neuroprotective actions and little neurotoxicity."	( Neuroprotective effect of memantine combined with topiramate in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Lin, N; Liu, C; Qiu, Y; Wu, B, 2009)	1.33
"Topiramate is a highly effective drug in migraine prophylaxis and is considered a first-line treatment. "	( Topiramate-induced intractable cough during migraine prophylaxis. Lisotto, C; Maggioni, F; Mainardi, F; Malvindi, ML; Mampreso, E; Zanchin, G, 2010)	3.25
"Topiramate (TPM) is a antiepileptic drug that has multiple mechanisms of action. "	( Effects of topiramate on neurophysiological and neuropsychological tests in migraine patients. Atakay, S; Kececi, H, 2009)	2.19
"Topiramate seems to be a preventive treatment, which might be able to act at different levels of the migraine cycle: reduction of frequency in episodic migraine, prevention, and treatment of chronic migraine."	( Topiramate in migraine progression. Ferrandi, D; Ruiz, L, 2009)	2.52
"Topiramate is a newer anticonvulsant used to treat epilepsy, migraines, bipolar disorder, posttraumatic stress, and other conditions. "	( Comparison of a new serum topiramate immunoassay to fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Langman, LJ; Peterson, PW; Rollins, LA; Snozek, CL, 2010)	2.1
"Topiramate (TPM) is a new antiepileptic drug (AED) used worldwide in patients with various types of epilepsies and also for prophylaxis of migraine. "	( Therapeutic drug monitoring of topiramate by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Matar, KM, 2010)	2.09
"Topiramate is an anticonvulsant agent effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, which also induces weight reduction by an unknown mechanism. "	( Weight reducing and metabolic effects of topiramate in patients with migraine--an observational study. Brinkhoff, J; Drenckhan, M; Lehnert, H; Schütt, M; Sommer, C, 2010)	2.07
"Topiramate is an anticonvulsant medication that is widely used for migraine prophylaxis. "	( Reversible hypohidrosis with topiramate therapy for chronic migraine. Cascella, C; Grosberg, BM; Markowitz, SY; Robbins, MS; Sheikh, HU, 2010)	2.09
"Topiramate (TPM) is a new antiepileptic drug with recognized efficacy in neuropathic pain."	( Central neuropathic pain: an unusual case of painful ejaculation responding to topiramate. Bramanti, P; Calabrò, RS; Gervasi, G; Levita, A; Marra, A; Quattrini, F, 2012)	1.33
"Topiramate is a sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide derivative of the naturally occurring sugar monosaccharide D-fructose approved as a treatment for migraine headaches and seizure disorders."	( Phentermine, topiramate and their combination for the treatment of adiposopathy ('sick fat') and metabolic disease. Bays, H, 2010)	1.45
"Topiramate is an anticonvulsant medication commonly used for a variety of neurological disorders including migraine prophylaxis. "	( Topiramate-induced confusion following a single ingestion of 400 mg. Lockamy, M; Muzyk, AJ; Pierson, MD; Preud'homme, XA, )	3.02
"Topiramate is a neuromodulatory agent increasingly prescribed for a number of neurological and non-neurological indications. "	( Nephrolithiasis in topiramate users. Langston, JP; Maalouf, NM; Moe, OW; Sakhaee, K; Van Ness, PC, 2011)	2.14
"Topiramate (TOP) is a novel drug with broad antiepileptic effect, and its effect on brain cortex MMCA is not known."	( Topiramate modulates hippocampus NMDA receptors via brain Ca(2+) homeostasis in pentylentetrazol-induced epilepsy of rats. Kutluhan, S; Naziroğlu, M; Vural, H; Yilmaz, M; Yilmaz, N; Yürekli, VA, 2011)	2.53
"Topiramate is a newer AED, widely used for migraine prevention, but no evidence is currently available on its effect on bone metabolism."	( Migraine prophylaxis with topiramate and bone health in women. Ali, II; Herial, NA; Horrigan, T; Orris, M; Tietjen, GE, 2011)	1.39
"Topiramate is an antiepileptic medicine that has been used adjunctively in the treatment of refractory seizures in Japan since 2007. "	( [Two cases of urolithiasis induced by topiramate]. Fujimoto, N; Fukumoto, R; Hayashi, T; Ishida, M; Kashiwagi, H; Katayama, K; Koide, T; Matsuoka, A; Onodera, T; Tagawa, T, 2011)	2.08
"Topiramate appears to be an effective headache prophylactic therapy in military troops with chronic PTH, whereas low doses of tricyclic antidepressants appear to have little efficacy."	( Treatment outcomes of chronic post-traumatic headaches after mild head trauma in US soldiers: an observational study. Erickson, JC, 2011)	1.09
"Topiramate is an anticonvulsant drug with alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor antagonist properties; therefore, the objective of the present study was to explore the therapeutic efficacy of topiramate as an adjunctive medication in schizophrenia."	( Effect of topiramate augmentation in chronic schizophrenia: a placebo-controlled trial. Behdani, F; Hebrani, P; Rafee, E; Rezaei Ardani, A, 2011)	1.49
"Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug that has been approved for migraine prophylaxis. "	( Zonisamide versus topiramate in migraine prophylaxis: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Abbasi, V; Abdollahi, F; Faraji, A; Hajmanouchehri, R; Majdinasab, N; Mohammadianinejad, SE; Sajedi, SA, )	1.91
"Topiramate (TPM) is a newer antiepileptic drug with high efficacy in treating various neurological disorders, especially epilepsy and migraine. "	( Topiramate related reversible erectile dysfunction in temporal lobe epilepsy. Chang, CY; Chow, JC; Huang, CW; Hung, LC; Tsai, JJ, 2012)	3.26
"Topiramate is an important option for the prophylaxis of migraine and is of proven efficacy and tolerability. "	( Clinical pharmacology of topiramate in migraine prevention. Ferrari, A; Neri, L; Sternieri, E; Tiraferri, I, 2011)	2.12
"Topiramate is an effective and well tolerated long-term treatment option for adolescents and adults with epilepsy."	( Long-term assessment of topiramate for epilepsy: an open-label, single-arm, multicentre, prospective study in a naturalistic setting. Hufnagel, A; Kowalik, A; Rettig, K; Schäuble, B; Schreiner, A, 2011)	2.12
"Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug that has marked treatment-limiting side effects on specific aspects of cognitive performance in both patients and healthy volunteers. "	( Genetic and environmental correlates of topiramate-induced cognitive impairment. Attix, DK; Birnbaum, AK; Cirulli, ET; Depondt, C; Goldstein, DB; Linney, KN; Marino, SE; Radtke, RA; Urban, TJ, 2012)	2.09
"Topiramate (Topamax®) is an antiepileptic medication used as adjunctive and monotherapy in patients with epilepsy and for migraine prophylaxis. "	( A sensitive capillary GC-MS method for analysis of topiramate from plasma obtained from single-dose studies. Birnbaum, AK; Cloyd, JC; Conway, JM; Marino, SE; Remmel, RP, 2012)	2.07
"Topiramate is a sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide marketed since 1996, and approved by the FDA for seizure disorders at doses up to 400 mg/day and for the prevention of migraine headaches at doses up to 100 mg/day."	( Phentermine/topiramate for weight reduction and treatment of adverse metabolic consequences in obesity. Bays, HE; Gadde, KM, 2011)	1.47
"Topiramate is an anticonvulsant agent effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, which also induces weight reduction by an unknown mechanism. "	( Effects of topiramate use on body composition and resting metabolic rate in migraine patients. Demirbas, H; Genc, A; Karabacak, H; Koyuncu, G; Oruc, S; Ucok, K; Yaman, M, 2013)	2.22
"Topiramate is a sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide mainly used to treat epilepsy in children and adults and prophylaxis of migraine. "	( Topiramate-induced acute myopia with MRI contrast enhancement. Latini, MF; Romano, LM, 2012)	3.26
"Topiramate is an AMPA-specific, glutamate receptor antagonists that is FDA-approved to treat CNS disorders."	( Topiramate treatment is neuroprotective and reduces oligodendrocyte loss after cervical spinal cord injury. Beattie, MS; Bresnahan, JC; Gensel, JC; Tovar, CA, 2012)	2.54
"Topiramate (TPM) is an O-alkyl sulfamate derivative of the naturally occurring monosaccharide D-fructose with an epileptic activity. "	( What's the role of topiramate in the management of patients with hyperkinetic movement disorders? De Sarro, G; Gallelli, L; Giofrè, C; Siniscalchi, A, 2012)	2.15
"Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug known to ameliorate insulin resistance besides reducing body weight. "	( Topiramate-induced modulation of hepatic molecular mechanisms: an aspect for its anti-insulin resistant effect. El-Abhar, HS; Schaalan, MF, 2012)	3.26
"Topiramate is a potent broad-spectrum AED with several modes of action, including blockade of the ionotropic glutamatergic AMPA receptor, which is likely to be an important mechanism for the treatment of SE."	( Topiramate as an adjunctive treatment in patients with refractory status epilepticus: an observational cohort study. Hottinger, A; Marsch, S; Rüegg, S; Sutter, R, 2012)	2.54
"Topiramate (topamax) is an antiepileptic drug of the new generation that was first registered and introduced in clinical practice in 1995. "	( [Pharmacotherapy of epilepsy: the use of topiramate in initial and additional treatment]. Rudakova, IG, 2012)	2.09
"Topiramate is a novel anti-epileptic medication without significant liability of weight gain."	( Topiramate attenuates self-injurious behaviour in Prader-Willi Syndrome. Driscoll, DJ; Goodman, WK; Lessig, MC; Murphy, TK; Shapira, NA, 2002)	2.48
"Topiramate 200 mg/day is an appropriate target dose as adjunctive therapy in adults with treatment-resistant partial-onset seizures, even when receiving an enzyme-inducing agent; 100 mg/day also appears to be effective. "	( Low-dose topiramate in adults with treatment-resistant partial-onset seizures. Gassmann-Mayer, C; Guberman, A; Neto, W, 2002)	2.17
"Topiramate (TPM) is a novel drug with broad antiepileptic effect in children and adults. "	( Topiramate selectively decreases intracortical excitability in human motor cortex. Fritsch, B; Hamer, HM; Knake, S; Müller, HH; Oertel, WH; Reis, J; Rosenow, F; Tergau, F, 2002)	3.2
"Topiramate is a novel anticonvulsant that has also been used as a mood stabilizer and augmentation agent in mood disorders."	( Topiramate treatment for SSRI-induced weight gain in anxiety disorders. Campbell, M; Mancini, C; Oakman, J; Pipe, B; Van Ameringen, M, 2002)	2.48
"Topiramate appears to be a promising agent for the treatment of bipolar disorder associated with comorbid psychiatric conditions and obesity."	( Clinical outcome of adjunctive topiramate treatment in a sample of refractory bipolar patients with comorbid conditions. Guille, C; Sachs, G, 2002)	1.32
"Topiramate is an antiepileptic agent associated with weight loss."	( Topiramate in the treatment of binge eating disorder associated with obesity: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arnold, LM; Hudson, JI; Kamin, M; Karim, MR; Keck, PE; McElroy, SL; Rosenthal, NR; Shapira, NA, 2003)	2.48
"Topiramate is a novel anti-convulsant, structurally distinct from other known anti-convulsants. "	( Topiramate protects against motor neuron degeneration in organotypic spinal cord cultures but not in G93A SOD1 transgenic mice. Ganel, R; Jackson, M; Maragakis, NJ; Rothstein, JD, 2003)	3.2
"Topiramate (TPM) is a highly effective anticonvulsant drug, but a comparably high rate of cognitive adverse effects have been reported. "	( Significant improvement in frontal lobe associated neuropsychological functions after withdrawal of topiramate in epilepsy patients. Elger, CE; Helmstaedter, C; Kockelmann, E, 2003)	1.98
"Topiramate is a widely used antiepileptic agent whose mechanism of action is poorly understood. "	( Selective antagonism of GluR5 kainate-receptor-mediated synaptic currents by topiramate in rat basolateral amygdala neurons. Gryder, DS; Rogawski, MA, 2003)	1.99
"Topiramate is an anticonvulsant that is gaining recognition in the treatment of patients with neuropathic pain syndromes."	( Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy relieved with use of oral topiramate. Carroll, DG; Kline, KM; Malnar, KF, 2003)	1.28
"Topiramate seems to be a good therapeutic option for about half of the patients with refractory migraine. "	( Topiramate for patients with refractory migraine: an observational, multicenter study in Spain. Hernández-Gallego, J; Jiménez, MD; Láinez, JM; Leira, R; Mateos, V; Pascual, J; Sánchez del Rio, M, 2003)	3.2
"Topiramate (TPM) is a new antiepileptic drug (AED) that has been found to be associated with a high prevalence of cognitive adverse events (CAEs). "	( A past psychiatric history may be a risk factor for topiramate-related psychiatric and cognitive adverse events. Faught, E; Fix, A; French, JA; Kanner, AM; Tatum, WO; Wuu, J, 2003)	2.01
"Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug that has a broad spectrum of antiseizure effects, which appear to be the result of several neurostabilising pharmacological mechanisms. "	( Topiramate: as monotherapy in newly diagnosed epilepsy. Goa, KL; Waugh, J, 2003)	3.2
"Topiramate (TPM) is a structurally novel broad-spectrum anticonvulsant known to modulate the activity of several ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels in neurons. "	( Topiramate modulation of kainate-induced calcium currents is inversely related to channel phosphorylation level. Angehagen, M; Ben-Menachem, E; Hansson, E; Rönnbäck, L; Shank, R, 2004)	3.21
"Topiramate (Topamax) is an anti-epileptic medication for which acute toxicity is infrequently reported. "	( Acute topiramate toxicity. Hoffman, RS; Howland, MA; Nelson, LS; Traub, SJ, 2003)	2.24
"Topiramate (TPM) is a novel antiepileptic drug for treatment of a broad spectrum of seizure types in adults and children."	( Effect of topiramate on enlargement of head in Canavan disease: a new option for treatment of megalencephaly. Coşkun, T; Haliloğlu, G; Onol, S; Saatçi, I; Senbil, N; Topaloğlu, H; Topçu, M; Yalnizoğlu, D, )	1.26
"Topiramate is an anti-convulsant often used off-label for the treatment of several conditions, including obesity and schizophrenia. "	( Palmar erythema due to topiramate. Scheinfeld, N; Spahn, C, )	1.88
"Topiramate (TPM) is an anticonvulsant whose impact on firing activity and intracellular pH (pHi) regulation of CA3 neurons was investigated. "	( Topiramate modulates pH of hippocampal CA3 neurons by combined effects on carbonic anhydrase and Cl-/HCO3- exchange. Leniger, T; Thöne, J; Wiemann, M, 2004)	3.21
"Topiramate is a novel anticonvulsant that may induce weight loss in some patients."	( Effects on weight and outcome of long-term olanzapine-topiramate combination treatment in bipolar disorder. Benabarre, A; Brugue, E; Colom, F; Comes, M; Corbella, B; Goikolea, JM; Martínez-Arán, A; Reinares, M; Sánchez-Moreno, J; Torrent, C; Vieta, E, 2004)	1.29
"Topiramate (TPM) is a new anti-convulsant drug, prescribed in epileptic seizure. "	( [Neuroprotective effects of topiramate]. Liberto, A; Pappalardo, A; Patti, F; Reggio, A, )	1.87
"Topiramate is a new antiepileptic drug possessing a complex mechanism of action, including the enhancement of GABA-mediated inhibition."	( Vascular hemichorea/hemiballism and topiramate. Folgar, S; Gatto, EM; Gorja, M; Micheli, FE; Raina, G; Uribe Roca, C, 2004)	1.32
"Topiramate is an anticonvulsive drug with proven good results in controlling binge eating episodes."	( Topiramate after adjustable gastric banding in patients with binge eating and difficulty losing weight. Andrade, CG; Eshkenazy, R; Gallafrio, ST; Garcia de Brito, AC; Pajecki, D; Zilberstein, B, )	2.3
"Topiramate is a new antiepileptic drug (AED) that has been approved worldwide (in more than 80 countries) for the treatment of various kinds of epilepsy. "	( Pharmacokinetic interactions of topiramate. Bialer, M; Curtin, C; Doose, DR; Murthy, B; Schwabe, S; Twyman, RE; Wang, SS, 2004)	2.05
"Topiramate is an effective treatment for several types of seizures. "	( Topiramate slow dose titration: improved efficacy and tolerability. Ajlouni, SF; Al-Safi, SA; Albsoul-Younes, AM; Salem, HA, 2004)	3.21
"Topiramate is a new anticonvulsant with proven efficacy in migraine and other conditions, which reportedly confers weight loss in patients receiving doses up to 300 mg/day."	( Weight variations in patients receiving topiramate migraine prophylaxis in a tertiary care setting. Krymchantowski, A; Tavares, C, 2004)	1.31
"Topiramate appears to be a safe and effective agent in the treatment of anger in women with borderline personality disorder as defined by SCID criteria. "	( Topiramate treatment of aggression in female borderline personality disorder patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lahmann, C; Leiberich, PK; Loew, TH; Mitterlehner, FO; Nickel, C; Nickel, MK; Rother, WK; Tritt, K, 2004)	3.21
"Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug known to have effects on weight. "	( Differential effects of topiramate in patients with traumatic brain injury and obesity--a case series. Barkai, G; Dolberg, OT; Gross, Y; Schreiber, S, 2005)	2.08
"Topiramate is a novel antiepileptic drug approved as an adjunctive treatment for seizure disorders."	( A retrospective assessment of topiramate in children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders. Handen, BL; Hardan, AY; Jou, RJ, 2004)	1.33
"Topiramate is a new anticonvulsant drug recommended for treatment of partial and generalized seizures in children and adults. "	( Topiramate and metabolic acidosis: a case series and review of the literature. Groeper, K; McCann, ME, 2005)	3.21
"Topiramate is a new anti convulsant agent that acts on the voltage-activated sodium channels and on the glutamate and GABA receptors; it is furthermore able to reduce hunger and therefore contributes to loss of weight. "	( Topiramate for binge eating disorder. D'Innella, P; De Bernardi, C; Do, F; Ferraris, S; Torre, E, 2005)	3.21
"Topiramate is a drug that has shown efficacy in the treatment of epilepsy. "	( Focus on topiramate in neuropathic pain. Dib, JG, 2004)	2.18
"Topiramate is an antiepileptic medication with multiple pharmacologic effects, including inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity. "	( Impact of topiramate on serum bicarbonate concentrations in adults. Garris, SS; Oles, KS, 2005)	2.17
"Topiramate is a sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide anticonvulsant used as adjunctive therapy for intractable refractory seizures. "	( Urolithiasis associated with topiramate. Eggener, S; Kim, SC; Nadler, RB; Pazona, J; User, HM, )	1.87
"Topiramate seems to be a useful alternative agent in the treatment of PME."	( Add-on therapy with topiramate in progressive myoclonic epilepsy. Aykutlu, E; Baykan, B; Bebek, N; Büyükbabani, N; Gökyigit, A; Gürses, C, 2005)	1.37
"Topiramate (TPM) is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug with various mechanisms of action including an inhibitory effect on some isozymes of carbonic anhydrase (CA). "	( Plasma and whole blood pharmacokinetics of topiramate: the role of carbonic anhydrase. Bialer, M; Doose, DR; Shank, RP; Streeter, AJ, 2005)	2.03
"Topiramate appears to be an effective agent in the treatment of anger in men with BPD. "	( Treatment of aggression with topiramate in male borderline patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Kaplan, P; Krawczyk, J; Lahmann, C; Leiberich, PK; Loew, TH; Mühlbacher, M; Nickel, C; Nickel, MK; Rother, WK; Tritt, K, 2005)	2.06
"Topiramate (TPM) is an antiepileptic medication that is being progressively demonstrating a wider spectrum of action, mainly as an agent for weight control and as a mood stabilizer."	( Clinical experience with Topiramate to counteract neuroleptic induced weight gain in 10 individuals with autistic spectrum disorders. Canitano, R, 2005)	1.35
"Topiramate is a sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide that is prescribed for the treatment of epilepsy. "	( Determination of topiramate and its degradation product in liquid oral solutions by high performance liquid chromatography with a chemiluminescent nitrogen detector. Li, W; Styslo-Zalasik, M, 2005)	2.11
"Topiramate (TPM) is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug used as add-on or monotherapy for focal seizures."	( Interaction of topiramate with glycine receptor channels. Bufler, J; Cetinkaya, C; Dengler, R; Krampfl, K; Mohammadi, B; Wolfes, H, 2005)	1.4
"Topiramate is a first-line migraine preventive drug and should especially be considered as a preferred treatment for all patients who are concerned about gaining weight, who are currently overweight, or who have coexisting epilepsy."	( Topiramate in migraine prevention. Silberstein, SD, 2005)	2.49
"Topiramate is a neuromodulatory compound with stabilizing properties that was initially introduced for the management of partial seizures. "	( Molecular pharmacology of topiramate: managing seizures and preventing migraine. White, HS, 2005)	2.07
"Topiramate appears to be a safe and effective agent in the treatment of weight gain that occurred during olanzapine treatment."	( Influence of topiramate on olanzapine-related adiposity in women: a random, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Egger, C; Kaplan, P; Kettler, C; Krawczyk, J; Lahmann, C; Leiberich, PK; Loew, TH; Muehlbacher, M; Nickel, C; Nickel, MK; Rother, WK; Tritt, K, 2005)	1.42
"Topiramate (TPM) is a novel neurotherapeutic agent. "	( Topiramate ameliorates hyperglycaemia and improves glucose-stimulated insulin release in ZDF rats and db/db mice. Chen, X; DeCarlo, SO; Demarest, K; Jetton, TL; Liang, Y; Osborne, M, 2005)	3.21
"Topiramate is a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant that is now widely used for adult and pediatric epilepsy. "	( Hemichorea-hemiballismus may respond to topiramate. Driver-Dunckley, E; Evidente, VG, )	1.84
"Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug with established efficacy as a migraine preventive, and has recently been shown to inhibit neurons of the trigeminocervical complex after superior sagittal sinus stimulation."	( Topiramate inhibits trigeminovascular activation: an intravital microscopy study. Akerman, S; Goadsby, PJ, 2005)	2.49
"Topiramate appears to be an effective agent in the reduction of depressive symptoms and anger and in the improvement of ability and health-related quality of life in depressive women. "	( Topiramate in treatment of depressive and anger symptoms in female depressive patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Kaplan, P; Kettler, C; Krawczyk, J; Lahmann, C; Loew, TH; Muehlbacher, M; Nickel, C; Nickel, MK; Rother, WK; Tritt, K, 2005)	3.21
"Topiramate is an anti-epileptic drug that is also used as a migraine preventive."	( Topiramate inhibits cortical spreading depression in rat and cat: impact in migraine aura. Akerman, S; Goadsby, PJ, 2005)	2.49
"Topiramate (TPM) is a structurally novel broad spectrum anticonvulsant known to have a negative modulatory effect on the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)/kainate subtypes of glutamate receptors and some types of voltage-gated Na(+) and Ca(2+) channels, and a positive modulatory effect on some types of gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) receptors and at least one type of K(+) channels in neurons. "	( Topiramate reduces AMPA-induced Ca(2+) transients and inhibits GluR1 subunit phosphorylation in astrocytes from primary cultures. Angehagen, M; Ben-Menachem, E; Hansson, E; Rönnbäck, L, 2005)	3.21
"Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug that has a broad spectrum of antiseizure effects, which appear to be the result of several neurostabilizing pharmacological mechanisms including facilitation of GABAergic neurotransmission and inhibition of glutametergic activity at AMPA/kainate receptors."	( Topiramate prevents ecstasy consumption: a case report. Akhondzadeh, S; Hampa, AD, 2005)	2.49
"Topiramate is a new generation, antiepileptic drug used for the treatment of persistent partial crises. "	( [Topiramate and pregnancy. Neonate with bone anomalies]. Demestre Guasch, X; Elizari Saco, MJ; Martínez Nadal, S; Raspall Torrent, F; Sala Castellví, P; Vila Cerén, C, 2005)	2.68
"Topiramate is a broad-spectrum agent effective against primarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures (PGTCS) as well as partial-onset seizures. "	( Topiramate in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Biton, V; Bourgeois, BF, 2005)	3.21
"Topiramate is an effective migraine preventive therapy in adults, as demonstrated in several large, randomized, placebo-controlled trials."	( Topiramate for migraine prevention in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fisher, AC; Hulihan, J; Jordan, DM; Linder, SL; Pearlman, EM; Winner, P, )	2.3
"Topiramate appears to be a safe and effective agent in the treatment in women with borderline personality disorder."	( Topiramate treatment for women with borderline personality disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Bachler, E; Buschmann, W; Egger, C; Fartacek, R; Kaplan, P; Kettler, C; Lahmann, C; Leiberich, P; Loew, TH; Mitterlehner, F; Muehlbacher, M; Nickel, C; Nickel, MK; Pedrosa Gil, F; Rother, WK; Tritt, K, 2006)	2.5
"Topiramate (TPM) is a new antiepileptic drug whose multiple mechanisms of action justify both its broad therapeutic spectrum and its increasingly widespread use in childhood epilepsy. "	( [Nephrolithiasis and topiramate]. Alarcón-Martínez, H; Cao-Avellaneda, E; Casas-Fernández, C; Domingo-Jiménez, R; Escudero-Rodríguez, N; Puche-Mira, A; Rodríguez-Costa, T, )	1.89
"Topiramate (TPM) is an anticonvulsant of novel chemical structure whose mechanism of action remains elusive. "	( Subunit selectivity of topiramate modulation of heteromeric GABA(A) receptors. Simeone, TA; White, HS; Wilcox, KS, 2006)	2.09
"Topiramate is an FDA-approved second generation antiepileptic drug with actions on voltage-dependent sodium and calcium channels and GABA and excitatory amino acid receptors. "	( Pediatric case report of topiramate toxicity. Lawrence, R; Lin, G, 2006)	2.08
"Topiramate is an anti-epileptic drug with multifactorial mechanisms of action not entirely understood. "	( Pediatric case report of topiramate toxicity. Lawrence, R; Lin, G, 2006)	2.08
"Topiramate 100 mg/day is an effective option in adults who require migraine prophylaxis."	( Topiramate for migraine prevention. Padiyara, RS; Schwarz, K; Wenzel, RG, 2006)	2.5
"Topiramate is a new antiepileptic drug with a broad spectrum of efficacy. "	( Topiramate for the treatment of infantile spasms. Chutorian, A; Hosain, SA; Merchant, S; Solomon, GE, 2006)	3.22
"Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug with a beneficial clinical effect on various seizure types. "	( Hypohidrosis during topiramate treatment: a rare and reversible side effect. Bombardieri, R; Cerminara, C; Curatolo, P; Pinci, M; Seri, S, 2006)	2.1
"Topiramate (Topamax(R)) is an anti-epileptic drug of the sulfamate group used secondarily for bipolar disease."	( Blood-brain barrier disruption associated with topiramate-induced angle-closure glaucoma of acute onset. Guex-Crosier, Y; Ravinet, E; Reichhart, M; Schnyder, C; Viet Tran, H, 2006)	2.03
"Topiramate seems to be a relatively safe and effective agent in the treatment of CLBP. "	( Topiramate in treatment of patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Kaplan, P; Kettler, C; Krawczyk, J; Lahmann, C; Leiberich, PK; Loew, TH; Mitterlehner, FO; Muehlbacher, M; Nickel, C; Nickel, MK; Rother, WK; Tritt, K, )	3.02
"Topiramate is a neuromodulatory compound approved for management of migraines, as well as partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. "	( Intractable epistaxis associated with topiramate administration. Bainbridge, JL; Page, RL, )	1.85
"Topiramate is a new anticonvulsant with multiple mechanisms of action, and it may be effective for treating pediatric epilepsies."	( Topiramate monotherapy in infantile spasm. Hong, YJ; Jun, YH; Kwon, YS; Son, BK, 2006)	2.5
"Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug, recently also used in the treatment of psychiatric diseases. "	( Efficacy of topiramate, valproate, and their combination on aggression/agitation behavior in patients with psychosis. Gaudreau, PO; Gobbi, G; Leblanc, N, 2006)	2.16
"Topiramate (TPM) is a novel neurotherapeutic agent approved for the treatment of epilepsy and for migraine prophylaxis. "	( The messenger RNA profiles in liver, hypothalamus, white adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle of female Zucker diabetic fatty rats after topiramate treatment. Demarest, K; Liang, Y; She, P; Wang, X, 2006)	1.98
"Topiramate is a novel neuromodulatory agent commonly prescribed for the treatment of seizure disorders and for migraine headache prophylaxis. "	( Biochemical and stone-risk profiles with topiramate treatment. Graybeal, D; Maalouf, NM; Moe, OW; Sakhaee, K; Welch, BJ, 2006)	2.04
"Topiramate is a new antiepileptic drug proposed to facilitate synaptic inhibition and block excitatory receptors. "	( Differential effects of low and high doses of topiramate on consolidation and retrieval of novel object recognition memory in rats. Bromberg, E; Dornelles, A; Martins de Lima, MN; Presti-Torres, J; Schröder, N, 2007)	2.04
"Topiramate is a novel anticonvulsant which has been used as a mood stabilizer."	( Topiramate use in alprazolam addiction. Christodoulou, C; Douzenis, A; Lykouras, L; Michopoulos, I, 2006)	2.5
"Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug used both in the treatment of epilepsy and in migraine prophylaxis."	( Cyclic vomiting with generalized epileptiform discharges responsive to topiramate therapy. Köse, G; Olmez, A; Turanli, G, 2006)	1.29
"Topiramate proves to be an effective and safe first-choice drug not only as adjunctive but also as monotherapy of infantile spasms in children younger than 2 years."	( Prospective study of first-choice topiramate therapy in newly diagnosed infantile spasms. Ding, CH; Fang, F; Mix, E; Sin, NC; Zou, LP, )	1.85
"Topiramate may prove to be an effective agent in the treatment of nonremitting diaphragmatic paralysis and regrowth of intraepidermal nerve fibers."	( Reversal of phrenic nerve palsy with topiramate. Rice, AL; Ullal, J; Vinik, AI, )	1.13
"Topiramate is a novel anticonvulsant known to modulate the activity of several ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels in neurons. "	( Phosphorylation of sodium channels mediated by protein kinase-C modulates inhibition by topiramate of tetrodotoxin-sensitive transient sodium current. Aracri, P; Avanzini, G; Colombo, E; Curia, G; Franceschetti, S; Mantegazza, M; Scalmani, P, 2007)	2
"Topiramate (TPM) is a novel AED with relatively large negative effects on cognitive function."	( Topiramate effects on the EEG and alertness in healthy volunteers: a different profile of antiepileptic drug neurotoxicity. Oken, B; Salinsky, M; Spencer, D; Storzbach, D, 2007)	2.5
"Topiramate is an effective adjunctive treatment in bipolar refractory patients and the significant weight reduction effects may result in important medical risk reductions, and make topiramate attractive for some obese bipolar patients."	( Adjunctive topiramate treatment in refractory obese bipolar patients: a descriptive open label study. Gabriel, A, 2007)	2.17
"Topiramate is a new broad-spectrum anti-epileptic drug. "	( [Changes of body weight and galanin in epileptic children treated with topiramate]. Li, QH; Shi, RF; Sun, SZ; Tang, HX; Tian, J; Wang, KL; Wang, LH; Yang, HF; Zheng, HC, 2007)	2.02
"Topiramate is an anticonvulsant which has been used more and more in recent years in psychiatry as well. "	( [One-night psychotic episode during topiramate treatment in connection with an acute febrile infection]. Nickel, M, 2007)	2.06
"Topiramate is a neuromodulator drug with different action mechanisms that could be implicated in alcohol dependence. "	( Topiramate as add-on therapy in non-respondent alcohol dependant patients: a 12 month follow-up study. Antuña Díaz, MJ; Bobes García, J; Díaz González, T; Fernandez Miranda, JJ; Gutierrez Cienfuegos, E; Marina González, PA; Montes Pérez, M, )	3.02
"Topiramate seems to be a useful and well-tolerated pharmacological aid for patients with bad evolution in their alcohol dependence treatment."	( Topiramate as add-on therapy in non-respondent alcohol dependant patients: a 12 month follow-up study. Antuña Díaz, MJ; Bobes García, J; Díaz González, T; Fernandez Miranda, JJ; Gutierrez Cienfuegos, E; Marina González, PA; Montes Pérez, M, )	2.3
"Topiramate (TPM) is a neuromodulatory agent that was initially approved as an antiepileptic drug and is increasingly used in the treatment of a number of neurological and metabolic disorders. "	( Increased propensity for calcium phosphate kidney stones with topiramate use. Maalouf, NM; Sakhaee, K; Vega, D, 2007)	2.02
"Topiramate is a promising treatment for alcohol dependence."	( Topiramate for treating alcohol dependence: a randomized controlled trial. Ait-Daoud, N; Anton, RF; Beyers, K; Capece, JA; Ciraulo, DA; Johnson, BA; Kranzler, HR; Mann, K; Mao, L; McKay, A; O'Malley, SS; Rosenthal, N; Swift, RM; Wiegand, F, 2007)	3.23
"Topiramate (Topamax) is a structurally novel broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug (AED) with established efficacy as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy in the treatment of adult and paediatric patients with generalised tonic-clonic seizures, partial seizures with or without generalised seizures, and seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. "	( Topiramate: a review of its use in the treatment of epilepsy. Lyseng-Williamson, KA; Yang, LP, 2007)	3.23
"Topiramate appears to be an effective, relatively safe agent in the long-term treatment of patients with BPD. "	( Treatment of aggression with topiramate in male borderline patients, part II: 18-month follow-up. Loew, TH; Nickel, MK, 2008)	2.08
"Topiramate (Topamax) is a structurally novel broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug (AED) with established efficacy as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy in the treatment of adult and paediatric patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures, partial seizures with or without generalized seizures, and seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. "	( Spotlight on topiramate in epilepsy. Lyseng-Williamson, KA; Yang, LP, 2008)	2.16
"Topiramate is an effective and generally well-tolerated migraine preventive therapy, as shown in three large, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled registration trials. "	( Analysis of safety and tolerability data obtained from over 1,500 patients receiving topiramate for migraine prevention in controlled trials. Adelman, J; Ascher, S; Freitag, FG; Greenberg, S; Hulihan, J; Lainez, M; Mao, L; Shi, Y, 2008)	2.01
"Topiramate is a new antiepileptic drug, used for treatment of partial onset seizure and refractory seizures. "	( Topiramate associated hypohidrosis and hyperthermia. Altunbasak, S; Hergüner, MO; Incecik, F, 2008)	3.23
"Topiramate proved to be an effective and safe monotherapy and add-on therapy in patients with infantile spasms younger than 1 year."	( Evaluation of open-label topiramate as primary or adjunctive therapy in infantile spasms. Cai, FC; Lin, Q; Liu, ZS; Mix, E; Qin, J; Zou, LP, )	1.88
"Topiramate is a potent anticonvulsant drug under clinical evaluation."	( Assay of residual organic solvents in topiramate drug substance by capillary gas chromatography. Evans, CR; Ko, CY; Micheel, AP, )	1.12
"Topiramate is a recently licensed and marketed antiepileptic drug in the UK for use as add-on therapy for refractory partial epilepsy. "	( Topiramate: a new antiepileptic drug for refractory epilepsy. Sander, JW; Walker, MC, 1996)	3.18
"Topiramate is a new antiepileptic drug which has recently become available in the United States and in a number of European countries. "	( A pharmacological and clinical review on topiramate, a new antiepileptic drug. Perucca, E, 1997)	2.01
"Topiramate is a sulphamate-substituted monosaccharide derived from D-fructose and is structurally unrelated to other antiepileptic drugs. "	( Topiramate. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacy in the management of epilepsy. Davis, R; Gillis, JC; Langtry, HD, 1997)	3.18
"Topiramate is a new antiepileptic drug, which is not yet marketed in Germany. "	( [Topiramate--an effective new anticonvulsant. An open prospective study]. Bittermann, HJ; Steinhoff, BJ, 1997)	2.65
"Topiramate is a structurally novel anti-epileptic drug with at least 3 postulated mechanisms of action including: 1) potentiation of GABA responses, 2) impairment of AMPA/kainate glutamate receptors and 3) suppression of high frequency action potential firing. "	( Topiramate: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Schneiderman, JH, 1998)	3.19
"Topiramate is a new novel drug for the treatment of intractable seizures that is to be used in an adjunctive fashion. "	( Topiramate--safety and tolerability. Jones, MW, 1998)	3.19
"Topiramate (TOP) is a novel anticonvulsant drug with multiple mechanisms of action used in the treatment of epilepsy. "	( Topiramate increases cerebral GABA in healthy humans. Faught, E; Gilliam, F; Hetherington, H; Ho, S; Hugg, J; Kuzniecky, R; Martin, R; Pan, J, 1998)	3.19
"Topiramate is a sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide that has demonstrated efficacy as an antiepileptic drug in adults with partial onset seizures. "	( Topiramate efficacy in infancy. Kugler, SL; Sachdeo, RC, 1998)	3.19
"1. Topiramate is a structurally novel anticonvulsant which was recently approved for adjunctive therapy in partial and secondarily generalized seizures. "	( Frequency-dependent inhibition of neuronal activity by topiramate in rat hippocampal slices. Gean, PW; Tsai, JJ; Wu, SP, 1998)	1.17
"Topiramate (TPM) is a new antiepileptic drug that may be effective in pediatric epilepsies."	( A pilot study of topiramate in the treatment of infantile spasms. Clark, PO; Glauser, TA; Strawsburg, R, 1998)	1.36
"Topiramate is a new antiepileptic medication with multiple putative mechanisms of action. "	( Topiramate increases brain GABA, homocarnosine, and pyrrolidinone in patients with epilepsy. Hyder, F; Mattson, RH; Petroff, OA; Rothman, DL, 1999)	3.19
"Topiramate (TPM) is a novel antiepileptic medication (AED) with at least three mechanisms of action. "	( Topiramate and metabolic acidosis. Pollard, R; Raymond, K; Wilner, A, 1999)	3.19
"Topiramate (TPM) is a new antiepileptic drug with multiple modes of action which should theoretically represent a wide therapeutic spectrum. "	( [Long-term efficacy and tolerance of topiramate in 44 children with resistant epilepsy]. Arteaga, R; Herranz, JL, )	1.85
"Topiramate is a new anti-epileptic drug with proven efficacy against partial seizures in adults. "	( Topiramate for drug-resistant epilepsies. Ferrie, CD; Livingston, JH; Murdoch-Eaton, DG; Yeung, S, 2000)	3.19
"Topiramate is a novel anticonvulsant that enhances GABAergic neurotransmission."	( Topiramate therapy of epilepsy associated with Angelman's syndrome. Franz, DN; Glauser, TA; Tudor, C; Williams, S, 2000)	2.47
"Topiramate (TPM) is a new antiepileptic agent with a multifactorial mechanism of action. "	( Concentration-effect studies with topiramate on selected enzymes and intermediates of the GABA shunt. Brodie, MJ; Fraser, CM; Kilpatrick, WS; Leach, JP; Sills, GJ; Thompson, GG, )	1.85
"Topiramate is a new antiepileptic drug that has now become available for prescription in Belgium. "	( [Pharmacy clinics. Medication of the month. Topiramate (Topamax)]. Sadzot, B, 2000)	2.01
"Topiramate is a recently released antiepileptic agent used in the treatment of patients with refractory seizure disorders. "	( Central hyperventilation related to administration of topiramate. Korn, DE; Laskey, AL; Moorjani, BI; Patel, NC; Tobias, JD, 2000)	2
"Topiramate is a relatively new antiepileptic drug with several putative anticonvulsant mechanisms. "	( A comparison of topiramate and acetazolamide on seizure duration and paired-pulse inhibition in the dentate gyrus of the rat. Stringer, JL, 2000)	2.1
"Topiramate is a novel antiepileptic drug, a fructopyranose derivative. "	( [Target pharmacology of topiramate, a new antiepileptic drug]. Kuwana, Y; Nakamura, J; Yukitoshi, N, 2000)	2.06
"Topiramate is a novel antiepileptic drug that was licensed in Norway in 1997 as adjunctive treatment for patients with partial seizures. "	( [Topiramate--a new antiepileptic agents]. Johannessen, SI; Nakken, KO; Svendsen, T, 2000)	2.66
"Topiramate is a new antiepileptic drug which acts in the sodium channels, GABA and glutamatergic receptors. "	( [Psychosis with topiramate]. Epifanio Gutiérrez, MM; García Cabeza, I; Gutiérrez Rodríguez, M, )	1.92
"Topiramate (TPM) is a novel neurotherapeutic agent currently indicated for the treatment of epilepsy and undergoing development for other central nervous system indications including neuropathic pain, bipolar disorder, and migraine prophylaxis. "	( Influence of topiramate in the regulation of energy balance. Deshaies, Y; Ferland, J; Lalonde, J; Richard, D; Samson, P, 2000)	2.12
"Topiramate is a newly developed anticonvulsant agent with possible mood-stabilizing properties. "	( Topiramate monotherapy in the maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder: effects on mood, weight and serum lipids. Erfurth, A; Kuhn, G, 2000)	3.19
"Topiramate (TPM) is a new antiepileptic drug with numerous mechanisms of action and whose references are almost entirely based on the results of clinical trials in selected patients."	( [Topiramate: a broad spectrum antiepileptic administered to 224 patients with refractory epilepsies]. Herranz, JL, )	2.48
"Topiramate is a sulfamate derivative of the naturally occurring monosaccharide D-fructose. "	( Use of topiramate in childhood generalized seizure disorders. Wheless, JW, 2000)	2.2
"Topiramate is a structurally novel neurotherapeutic agent with a unique combination of pharmacological properties and currently is available in most world markets for treating several seizure disorders. "	( Topiramate promotes neurite outgrowth and recovery of function after nerve injury. Plata-Salaman, CR; Shank, RP; Smith-Swintosky, VL; Zhao, B, 2001)	3.2
"Topiramate is an antiepileptic agent, which is being investigated as a mood-stabilizer. "	( Long-term effects of topiramate on bipolar mood instability, weight change and glycemic control: a case-series. Atzert, R; Levine, J; Parepally, H; Rathore, D; Roy Chengappa, KN, 2001)	2.07
"Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug (AED) which appears to have a broad range of antiseizure activity in humans. "	( Topiramate: a review of its use in childhood epilepsy. McClellan, K; Ormrod, D, 2001)	3.2
"Topiramate is a novel anticonvulsant agent with a broad spectrum mechanism of action, and recent clinical reports indicate that it may have mood stabilizing properties in bipolar disorder. "	( Topiramate as a mood stabilizer. Kasper, S; Letmaier, M; Schreinzer, D; Wolf, R, 2001)	3.2
"Topiramate (TPM) is an AED proven to be safe and effective as adjunctive treatment for epilepsy patients with partial seizures."	( Postmarketing experience with topiramate and cognition. Faught, E; Fix, A; French, JA; Goff, SL; Kanner, A; Liporace, J; Morris, GL; Tatum, WO; Winters, L, 2001)	1.32
"Topiramate is a recently approved and marketed medication for the treatment of seizure disorders, whose mechanism of action includes potentiation of GABAergic neurotransmission and antagonism of KA/AMPA glutamate receptors."	( Topiramate improves deficit symptoms in a patient with schizophrenia when added to a stable regimen of antipsychotic medication. Deutsch, SI; Drapalski, AL; Marvel, CL; Peebles, RR; Rosse, RB; Schwartz, BL, )	2.3
"For topiramate, there is a close correlation between the plasma concentration and the CSF concentration."	( Plasma concentration of topiramate correlates with cerebrospinal fluid concentration. Christensen, J; Dam, M; Højskov, CS; Poulsen, JH, 2001)	1.1
"Topiramate (TPM) is a new drug currently used in Brazil. "	( [Topiramate: an experience in children with partial epilepsy]. Brucki, SM; Rocha, C, 2001)	2.66
"Topiramate (TPM) is an antiepileptic agent, first licensed in the United Kingdom in 1994, that is used in the treatment of patients with refractory seizure disorders. "	( Hypohidrosis related to the administration of topiramate to children. Arcas, J; Ferrer, T; López-Martín, V; Martínez-Bermejo, A; Roche, MC, 2001)	2.01
"Topiramate (TPM) is an antiepileptic with several proposed mechanisms of action including the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (CA). "	( Two new actions of topiramate: inhibition of depolarizing GABA(A)-mediated responses and activation of a potassium conductance. Del Olmo, N; González-Escalada, JR; Herrero, AI; Solís, JM, 2002)	2.09
"Topiramate (TPM) is a new anti-epileptic drug with proven efficacy against partial seizures in adults. "	( Retrospective study of topiramate in a paediatric population with intractable epilepsy showing promising effects in the West syndrome patients. Thijs, J; Van Coster, R; Verhelst, H, 2001)	2.06
"Topiramate is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug effective for treatment of multiple seizure types in adults and children. "	( Topiramate in migraine prevention: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Calder, CS; Hart, DE; Potter, DL; Storey, JR, )	3.02
"Topiramate is a new antiepileptic drug (AED) approved as add-on therapy. "	( Serum concentrations of topiramate in patients with epilepsy: influence of dose, age, and comedication. Jürgens, U; May, TW; Rambeck, B, 2002)	2.06
"Topiramate is a recently developed antiepileptic medication that is becoming more widely prescribed because of its efficacy in treating refractory seizures. "	( Topiramate-induced nephrolithiasis. Abrahams, HM; Kim, DH; Kuo, RL; Lingeman, JE; Moran, ME; White, MD, 2002)	3.2
"Topiramate (TPM) is a new antiepileptic drug characterized by several mechanisms of action, which has proved to be clinically effective in the reduction of the quantity of crisis in epileptic patients."	( [Cognitive effects of therapy with topiramate in patients with refractory partial epilepsy]. Baeta, E; Caritas, AI; Carmo, I; Castro, G; Gonçalves, S; Gonçalves, T; Santana, I, )	1.13

Effects

Topiramate (TPM) has an evident efficacy in the treatment of childhood epilepsy for multiple pharmacologic properties. Topiramate has a good effect on the clinical features of West syndrome, but not on the EEG.

Topiramate has been shown to reduce drinking and heavy drinking in individuals with alcohol dependence. It is three times more effective compared to a placebo in reducing seizures. Topiramate is highly effective for preventive treatment of migraine and its use has been significantly increased in the last few years.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Topiramate has a good effect on the clinical features of West syndrome, but not on the EEG. "	( West syndrome, can topiramate be on top? Al-Baradie, RS; Elseed, MA, 2011)	2.14
"Topiramate has a propensity to cause anorexia with consequent weight loss, which alone may be curative in PTC."	( Topiramate, pseudotumor cerebri, weight-loss and glaucoma: an ophthalmologic perspective. Alore, PL; Jay, WM; Macken, MP, )	2.3
"Topiramate (TPM) has an evident efficacy in the treatment of childhood epilepsy for multiple pharmacologic properties. "	( [An experimental study on hepatotoxicity of topiramate in young rats]. Chen, XM; Huang, J; Ren, RN; Ye, LY, 2007)	2.04
"Topiramate has an extensive evidence base provided by double-blind, placebo-controlled trials to show that it is a safe, effective and well tolerated drug in the management of migraine."	( Topiramate for migraine prophylaxis. Fontebasso, M, 2007)	2.5
"Topiramate has a safe profile of side effects, however, as any other antiepileptic drug, could produce psychiatric side effects."	( [Psychosis with topiramate]. Epifanio Gutiérrez, MM; García Cabeza, I; Gutiérrez Rodríguez, M, )	1.2
"Topiramate has an early dose-dependent effect on ictal seizures."	( Topiramate on ictal seizure semiology: a quantitative, randomized, low and medium dose-controlled study. Pauli, E; Stefan, H; Wang, Y; Zhou, D, 2001)	3.2
"Topiramate has multiple pharmacological mechanisms that are efficient in treating epilepsy and migraine. "	( Topiramate potential neurotoxicity and mitigating role of ginger oil in mice brain. Ahmed, KA; El Makawy, AI; Ibrahim, FM; Mabrouk, DM; Ramadan, MF, 2022)	3.61
"Topiramate (TPM) has the potential to become one of the most prominent treatment options for alcohol use disorder (AUD). "	( A Bayesian meta-analysis of topiramate's effectiveness for individuals with alcohol use disorder. Fluyau, D; Kailasam, VK; Pierre, CG, 2023)	2.65
"Topiramate has been used sparingly in veterinary medicine, and limited pharmacokinetic studies have focused on immediate release formulations in dogs."	( The pharmacokinetics of single oral dose extended-release topiramate and adverse effects after multi-dose administration in healthy cats. Foss, KD; Graham, LT; Hague, DW; Li, Z; Reinhart, JM; Smith, KM, 2023)	1.88
"Topiramate has multiple benefits to indicate it would pose effective in IIH management."	( Should topiramate be initial therapy in the management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension?: A literature review. Goyal, A; Zarroli, K, 2023)	2.09
"Topiramate has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of epilepsy since the 1990s, and it has also been used off-label in the treatment of many types of addictive disorders. "	( Use of Topiramate in the Spectrum of Addictive and Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review Comparing Treatment Schemes, Efficacy, and Safety Features. Angerville, B; de Ternay, J; Derveaux, A; Jurek, L; Longuet, Y; Nourredine, M; Rolland, B, 2021)	2.52
"Topiramate has been reported to induce acute angle closure glaucoma as an adverse effect."	( Topiramate induced bilateral hypopyon uveitis and choroidal detachment: a report of two cases and review of literature. Ambiya, V; Behera, S; Dikshit, S; Pappuru, RR; Senthil, S; Tyagi, M, 2021)	2.79
"Topiramate has been suggested as a potentially useful agent for the treatment of ET but there is uncertainty about its efficacy and safety."	( Topiramate for essential tremor. Allegra, R; Bruno, E; Colosimo, C; Filippini, G; Nicoletti, A; Quattrocchi, G; Zappia, M, 2017)	2.62
"Topiramate has been approved for migraine prevention in children as young as 12 years of age."	( Is topiramate effective for migraine prevention in patients less than 18 years of age? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ali, AI; Guo, Y; Le, K; Wang, J; Yu, D, 2017)	1.8
"Topiramate has been studied in the treatment of substance use disorders and is often used off-label in the treatment of other disorders with impaired impulse control. "	( Impulsiveness as a predictor of topiramate response for cocaine use disorder. Ait-Daoud, N; Blevins, D; Sharma, S; Wang, XQ, 2019)	2.24
"Topiramate has been effective in reducing brain damage in experimental studies."	( Topiramate plus Cooling for Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter, Double-Blinded Trial. Benavente-Fernández, I; Blanco, D; Boix, H; Cabañas, F; Cernada, M; Chaffanel, M; Cordeiro, M; Fernández-Colomer, B; Fernández-Lorenzo, JR; García-Robles, A; Hervás, D; Kuligowski, J; Llorens, R; Lorente-Pozo, S; Loureiro, B; Marqués, R; Martinez-Rodilla, J; Moral-Pumarega, MT; Nuñez-Ramiro, A; Parra-Llorca, A; Pavón, A; Sánchez-Illana, A; Tofé, I; Valverde, E; Vento, M, 2019)	2.68
"Topiramate has been shown to be effective for migraine-related vertigo."	( Vertigo as a migraine phenomenon. Cherian, N, 2013)	1.11
"Topiramate has been shown to have neuroprotective properties in addition to its antiepileptic action and trials in babies with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy are now planned."	( Newly emerging therapies for neonatal seizures. Mangum, B; Pressler, RM, 2013)	1.11
"Topiramate has been shown to reduce drinking in persons with alcohol dependence, and reduce relapse in stimulant-dependent patients."	( A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of topiramate for the treatment of comorbid cocaine and alcohol dependence. Kampman, KM; Lynch, KG; O'Brien, CP; Pettinati, HM; Spratt, K; Wierzbicki, MR, 2013)	1.37
"Topiramate has been shown to reduce drinking and heavy drinking in individuals with alcohol dependence whose goal was to stop drinking. "	( Topiramate treatment for heavy drinkers: moderation by a GRIK1 polymorphism. Arias, AJ; Armeli, S; Covault, J; Feinn, R; Gelernter, J; Kampman, KM; Kranzler, HR; Oncken, C; Pond, T; Tennen, H, 2014)	3.29
"Topiramate has efficacy as an add-on treatment for drug-resistant partial epilepsy in that it is three times more effective compared to a placebo in reducing seizures. "	( Topiramate add-on for drug-resistant partial epilepsy. Dykeman, J; Hemming, K; Hutton, JL; Jette, N; Marson, AG; Pulman, J, 2014)	3.29
"Topiramate has also been shown in multiple studies to reduce heavy drinking."	( Topiramate's reduction of body mass index in heavy drinkers: lack of moderation by a GRIK1 polymorphism. Covault, J; Feinn, R; Gelernter, J; Kranzler, HR; Pond, T, 2014)	2.57
"Topiramate has been associated with metabolic acidosis secondary to decreased serum bicarbonate. "	( Association between topiramate use and serum bicarbonate levels in a veteran population. Alexander, B; Argo, T; Cantrell, M; Sciegienka, A, 2015)	2.18
"Topiramate has attracted considerable attention as a treatment for the dependence on alcohol and stimulants."	( Topiramate for the management of methamphetamine dependence: a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ghaderi, E; Hamidi, S; Hassanzadeh, K; Mardani, R; Rezaei, F, 2016)	2.6
"Topiramate has activity at multiple molecular targets, which may account for why it is effective in migraine and most other, more specific, anticonvulsants are not. "	( Topiramate in Migraine Prevention: A 2016 Perspective. Silberstein, SD, 2017)	3.34
"Topiramate has been shown to be highly effective for preventive treatment of migraine and its use has been significantly increased in the last few years. "	( Topiramate-associated worsening symptoms in a patient with familial hemiplegic migraine. Santorelli, FM; Striano, P; Striano, S; Zara, F, 2008)	3.23
"Topiramate has efficacy as an add-on treatment for drug-resistant partial epilepsy. "	( Topiramate add-on for drug-resistant partial epilepsy. Hemming, K; Hutton, JL; Jette, N; Marson, AG, 2008)	3.23
"Topiramate has also been shown to exert good seizure control with a low incidence of adverse effects in brain tumour-associated epilepsy."	( Efficacy of topiramate in adult patients with symptomatic epilepsy: an open-label, long-term, retrospective observation. Lu, Y; Wang, X; Yu, W, 2009)	1.45
"Topiramate has demonstrated clear efficacy in the prevention of migraine with and without aura, including chronic migraine with and without analgesic overuse, although it is not tolerated by one fifth of patients."	( [The role of the neuromodulators in the preventive treatment of migraine]. Pascual-Gómez, J, )	0.85
"Topiramate has useful neurological effects that derive from multiple CNS mechanisms of action, but it is basically a "neurostabilizer" by virtue of attenuating the excitability of brain neuronal pathways."	( Sugar sulfamates for seizure control: discovery and development of topiramate, a structurally unique antiepileptic drug. Maryanoff, BE, 2009)	1.31
"Topiramate has already been suggested for treatment of olfactory hallucination. "	( Loss of taste and smell during treatment with topiramate. Ghanizadeh, A, )	1.83
"Topiramate has a good effect on the clinical features of West syndrome, but not on the EEG. "	( West syndrome, can topiramate be on top? Al-Baradie, RS; Elseed, MA, 2011)	2.14
"Topiramate has been recognized as a drug that can induce memory and cognitive impairment. "	( Topiramate diminishes fear memory consolidation and extinguishes conditioned fear in rats. Cammarota, M; Izquierdo, I; Kristensen, CH; Perrenoud, MF; Schmidt do Prado-Lima, PA, 2011)	3.25
"Topiramate has been shown to inhibit specific carbonic anhydrase activity in the kidney and may induce a distal type of renal tubular acidosis."	( [Two cases of urolithiasis induced by topiramate]. Fujimoto, N; Fukumoto, R; Hayashi, T; Ishida, M; Kashiwagi, H; Katayama, K; Koide, T; Matsuoka, A; Onodera, T; Tagawa, T, 2011)	1.36
"Topiramate has been used in patients with brain tumors who develop epilepsy. "	( The effect of topiramate on tumor-related angiogenesis and on the serum proteome of mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. Han, J; Li, XJ; Ma, B; Pan, Y; Song, Q; Tie, L; Xiang, Y; Xiao, Y; Xu, Y; Yu, HM; Zhang, J; Zhang, Y, 2011)	2.17
"Topiramate (TPM) has been shown to be effective for epileptic spasms (ES) in children, but there is little clinical experience with TPM use in Japan. "	( [Efficacy of topiramate for relapsed epileptic spasms with tuberous sclerosis: report of three cases]. Fukui, M; Kashiwagi, M; Nomura, S; Shimakawa, S; Tamai, H; Tanabe, T, 2011)	2.18
" Topiramate has shown efficacy at facilitating abstinence from alcohol and cocaine abuse. "	( Topiramate for the treatment of methamphetamine addiction: a multi-center placebo-controlled trial. Ait-Daoud, N; Anderson, A; Campbell, J; Carlton, B; Chiang, N; Dickinson, R; Elkashef, A; Gorodetzky, C; Haning, W; Hrymoc, M; Iturriaga, E; Johnson, BA; Kahn, R; Li, MD; Li, SH; Mawhinney, J; McCann, M; McSherry, F; Pham, T; Rawson, R; Serpi, T; Stock, C; Weis, D; Weiss, D; Yu, E, 2012)	2.54
"Topiramate has been proven to reduce brain injury in animal models of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy."	( Safety and efficacy of topiramate in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia (NeoNATI). Bartalena, L; Boldrini, A; Catarzi, S; Cioni, G; Daniotti, M; Del Balzo, F; Della Bona, ML; Donzelli, G; Falchi, M; Filippi, L; Fiorini, P; Fonda, C; Giampietri, M; Guerrini, R; la Marca, G; Malvagia, S; Papoff, P; Pisano, T; Savelli, S; Scaramuzzo, R; Spalice, A; Tinelli, F, 2012)	1.41
"Topiramate has efficacy as an add-on treatment for drug-resistant partial epilepsy. "	( Topiramate add-on for drug-resistant partial epilepsy. Hutton, JL; Jette, NJ; Marson, AG, 2002)	3.2
"Topiramate has multiple mechanisms of action that could potentially contribute to migraine prophylaxis. "	( Prophylaxis of migraine, transformed migraine, and cluster headache with topiramate. Kailasam, J; Mathew, NT; Meadors, L, 2002)	1.99
"Topiramate has been suggested to be effective for the prophylaxis of migraine in adults, but has not yet been examined in children."	( Effectiveness of topiramate in the prevention of childhood headaches. Hershey, AD; Kabbouche, M; LeCates, S; Powers, SW; Vockell, AL, 2002)	1.38
"Topiramate has been observed to have an interesting side effect of weight loss in some individuals."	( Topiramate treatment for SSRI-induced weight gain in anxiety disorders. Campbell, M; Mancini, C; Oakman, J; Pipe, B; Van Ameringen, M, 2002)	2.48
"Topiramate has mechanisms in common with other AEDs, including sodium channel-blocking activity and enhancement of cerebral GABA concentrations."	( Review of the use of topiramate for treatment of bipolar disorders. Suppes, T, 2002)	1.35
"Topiramate has several properties that address downstream consequences of NRH."	( Adjuvant topiramate administration: a pharmacologic strategy for addressing NMDA receptor hypofunction in schizophrenia. Deutsch, SI; Drapalski, AL; Marvel, CL; Mastropaolo, J; Rosse, RB; Schwartz, BL, )	1.27
"Topiramate has been evaluated in the management of some mood disorders, and weight loss may be a beneficial side effect in these patients."	( Weight gain mitigation with topiramate in mood disorders. Eichner, SF; Franks, AS; Woods, TM, 2004)	1.34
"Topiramate has been proven to be effective in patients with refractory chronic partial epilepsies in short-term controlled clinical trials, but the long-term retention, long-term efficacy, and long-term side-effect profile have not been sufficiently investigated."	( Topiramate in clinical practice: long-term experience in patients with refractory epilepsy referred to a tertiary epilepsy center. Aldenkamp, AP; Arends, J; Bootsma, HP; Coolen, F; de Krom, M; Diepman, L; Hulsman, J; Lambrechts, D; Leenen, L; Majoie, M; Schellekens, A, 2004)	2.49
"Topiramate (TPM) has shown efficacy in migraine prophylaxis in two large placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trials. "	( Topiramate in migraine prophylaxis--results from a placebo-controlled trial with propranolol as an active control. Dahlöf, C; Diener, HC; Doyle, A; Jacobs, D; Láinez, MJ; Neto, W; Sandrini, G; Tfelt-Hansen, P; Vijapurkar, U; Wang, SJ, 2004)	3.21
"Topiramate has been used successfully in relieving the pain of various neuropathies, including painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. "	( Role of topiramate for the treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Carroll, DG; Kline, KM; Malnar, KF, 2004)	2.2
"Topiramate has recently been found to be more effective than placebo as an adjunct treatment for alcohol dependence, but it has not yet been investigated in animal models of ethanol consumption. "	( Effects of topiramate on ethanol and saccharin consumption and preferences in C57BL/6J mice. Cunningham, CL; Gabriel, KI, 2005)	2.16
"Topiramate has recently been reported to cause hyperthermia as a result of oligohydrosis, primarily in pediatric patients. "	( Severe topiramate-associated hyperthermia resulting in persistent neurological dysfunction. Galicia, SC; Lewis, SL; Metman, LV, )	2.03
"Topiramate has been shown to be an effective and generally well-tolerated migraine prophylaxis (preventive) therapy in adults, as demonstrated in several large, controlled trials."	( Practical use of topiramate for migraine prevention. Brandes, JL, 2005)	1.39
"Topiramate has received regulatory approval for use in adults for migraine prophylaxis (prevention) in the US and numerous other countries, including France, Ireland, Switzerland, Brazil, Taiwan, Spain, and Australia."	( Topiramate in migraine prevention. Silberstein, SD, 2005)	2.49
"Topiramate has been demonstrated to modify several receptor-gated and voltage-sensitive ion channels, including voltage-activated Na+ and Ca2+ channels and non-NMDA receptors."	( Molecular pharmacology of topiramate: managing seizures and preventing migraine. White, HS, 2005)	1.35
"Topiramate has no ultraviolet, visible or fluorescence absorption. "	( High performance liquid chromatographic determination of topiramate in human serum using UV detection. Bahrami, G; Kiani, A; Mirzaeei, S; Mohammadi, B, 2005)	2.02
"Topiramate has been shown to be effective as a preventive treatment for migraine in three large placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trials. "	( Topiramate 100 mg/day in migraine prevention: a pooled analysis of double-blind randomised controlled trials. Bussone, G; Diener, HC; Pfeil, J; Schwalen, S, 2005)	3.21
"Topiramate (TPM) has peculiar side effects such as speech difficulties, weight loss, oligohidrosis and hyperthermia. "	( Symptomatic and asymptomatic hypohidrosis in children under topiramate treatment. Aydinli, N; Calişkan, M; Ozmen, M; Tatli, B; Yaramiş, A; Yilmaz, K, )	1.82
"Topiramate has also been used in the management of nonepileptic neurologic and psychiatric conditions, including migraine prophylaxis (with firmly established efficacy), obesity (with some evidence of long-term maintenance of weight loss), substance dependence, bipolar disorder and neuropathic pain, and it has been investigated as a possible neuroprotective agent."	( Topiramate for the treatment of epilepsy and other nervous system disorders. Arif, H; Hirsch, LJ; van Passel, L, 2006)	2.5
"Topiramate has a propensity to cause anorexia with consequent weight loss, which alone may be curative in PTC."	( Topiramate, pseudotumor cerebri, weight-loss and glaucoma: an ophthalmologic perspective. Alore, PL; Jay, WM; Macken, MP, )	2.3
"Topiramate has shown promising results in the treatment of impulse-control disorders."	( Topiramate in the treatment of trichotillomania: an open-label pilot study. Lochner, C; Niehaus, DJ; Seedat, S; Stein, DJ, 2006)	2.5
"Topiramate has recently proved to be safe and effective in the prevention of migraine and is currently the only neuromodulatory drug indicated for the prevention of migraine in Spain."	( [Preventive treatment with topiramate enhances the quality of life of patients with migraine]. Espinosa-Martinez, J; Fernandez-Izquierdo, S; Medrano, V; Morera-Guitart, J; Sempere, AP, )	1.87
"Topiramate has recently been used in alcohol, cocaine and opiates withdrawal."	( Topiramate use in alprazolam addiction. Christodoulou, C; Douzenis, A; Lykouras, L; Michopoulos, I, 2006)	2.5
"Topiramate (TPM) has been reported to reduce body weight beyond a placebo in the treatment of obese participants, but the effect of this agent on components of energy balance has not yet been established in humans. "	( The effect of topiramate on energy balance in obese men: a 6-month double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study with a 6-month open-label extension. Alméras, N; Bérubé-Parent, S; Chaput, JP; Després, JP; Leblanc, C; Prud'homme, D; Tremblay, A, 2007)	2.14
"Topiramate has multiple mechanisms of action including enhancement of GABA-ergic inhibitory transmission and blocking excitatory glutamate neurotransmission, and modulating voltage-gated sodium and calcium ion channels and inhibiting carbonic anhydrase."	( Effect of repeated treatment with topiramate on the beta-endorphin plasma level in rats selectively bred for high and low alcohol preference. Czarnecka, E; Dyr, W; Gorska, D; Zalewska-Kaszubska, J, 2007)	1.34
"Topiramate (TPM) has an evident efficacy in the treatment of childhood epilepsy for multiple pharmacologic properties. "	( [An experimental study on hepatotoxicity of topiramate in young rats]. Chen, XM; Huang, J; Ren, RN; Ye, LY, 2007)	2.04
"Topiramate has shown potential for promoting smoking cessation in alcoholics, although its safety in depressed patients has not been fully explored."	( Treating smoking dependence in depressed alcoholics. Ait-Daoud, N; Breland, AB; Johnson, BA; Lynch, WJ; Marzani-Nissen, GR; Penberthy, JK, 2006)	1.06
"Topiramate has emerged as one of the promising drugs for the treatment of alcoholism and alcohol addiction. "	( Topiramate (Topamax) reduces conditioned abstinence behaviours and handling-induced convulsions (HIC) after chronic administration of alcohol in Swiss-Webster mice. Barron, S; Farook, JM; Lewis, B; Littleton, JM; Morrell, DJ, )	3.02
"Topiramate has an extensive evidence base provided by double-blind, placebo-controlled trials to show that it is a safe, effective and well tolerated drug in the management of migraine."	( Topiramate for migraine prophylaxis. Fontebasso, M, 2007)	2.5
"Topiramate has been used at the dosage of 100 mg/day for hypnic headache prevention in one recent case report with benefit."	( Hypnic headache responsive to low-dose topiramate: a case report. Autunno, M; Blandino, A; Messina, C; Rodolico, C, 2008)	1.34
"Topiramate has been proven to reduce headache frequency and the accompanying disability."	( Topiramate in the prevention of pediatric migraine: literature review. Di Trapani, G; Ferraro, D, 2008)	2.51
"Topiramate has very favourable pharmacokinetics as it is primarily excreted unchanged."	( Topiramate: a new antiepileptic drug for refractory epilepsy. Sander, JW; Walker, MC, 1996)	2.46
"Topiramate has no major effects on plasma levels of concurrent anticonvulsants, except for a rise in plasma phenytoin in occasional patients."	( A pharmacological and clinical review on topiramate, a new antiepileptic drug. Perucca, E, 1997)	1.28
"Topiramate has few interactions with currently available AEDs, but phenytoin concentrations increased in some patients."	( Topiramate: a new antiepileptic drug. Privitera, MD, 1997)	2.46
"Topiramate has also been shown to be superior in efficacy to placebo in well controlled trials in patients with generalised tonic-clonic seizures, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and in paediatric patients with partial epilepsy."	( Topiramate. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacy in the management of epilepsy. Davis, R; Gillis, JC; Langtry, HD, 1997)	2.46
"Oral topiramate has high bioavailability and low protein binding, and as monotherapy its half-life permits once- or twice-daily administration."	( Topiramate: a new antiepileptic drug. Markind, JE, 1998)	2.2
"Topiramate has little effect on the plasma concentrations of other AEDs with the exception of phenytoin, concentrations of which may increase in some patients when topiramate is added to the therapy."	( Topiramate. Clinical profile in epilepsy. Sachdeo, RC, 1998)	2.46
"Topiramate has favorable pharmacokinetic properties: rapid absorption, long half-life and little interaction with other AED."	( [Pharmacy clinics. Medication of the month. Topiramate (Topamax)]. Sadzot, B, 2000)	1.29
"Topiramate has efficacy as an add-on treatment in patients with drug resistant partial epilepsy. "	( Topiramate for drug-resistant partial epilepsy. Hutton, JL; Jette, NJ; Kadir, ZA; Marson, AG, 2000)	3.19
"Topiramate (Topamax) has been registered since July 1998 and has market authorization for the Federal Republic of Germany as an additive drug for the treatment of patients (age 12 or older) suffering from intractable partial and secondarily generalized seizures. "	( [Topiramate (Topamax). Pharmacological characteristics and current use in epilepsy treatment]. Bauer, J; Schwalen, S, 2000)	2.66
"Topiramate has been recently licensed as an antiepileptic drug. "	( Comparison of topiramate concentrations in plasma and serum by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Berry, DJ; Patsalos, PN, 2000)	2.11
"Topiramate has a safe profile of side effects, however, as any other antiepileptic drug, could produce psychiatric side effects."	( [Psychosis with topiramate]. Epifanio Gutiérrez, MM; García Cabeza, I; Gutiérrez Rodríguez, M, )	1.2
"Topiramate has been shown to be safe and effective in refractory partial epilepsy in children. "	( Use of topiramate in localization-related epilepsy in children. Holland, KD; Wyllie, PE, 2000)	2.2
"Topiramate (TPM) has been widely used as an adjunctive therapy for treating epilepsy. "	( Topiramate and metabolic acidosis in pediatric epilepsy. Bourgeois, BF; Duffy, FH; Helmers, SL; Holmes, GL; Riviello, JJ; Takeoka, M; Thiele, E, 2001)	3.2
"Topiramate has an early dose-dependent effect on ictal seizures."	( Topiramate on ictal seizure semiology: a quantitative, randomized, low and medium dose-controlled study. Pauli, E; Stefan, H; Wang, Y; Zhou, D, 2001)	3.2
"Topiramate has shown encouraging results in both depressed and manic bipolar patients, and it may also promote weight loss."	( Bipolar disorders and the effectiveness of novel anticonvulsants. Calabrese, JR; Kimmel, SE; Rapport, DJ; Shelton, MD, 2002)	1.04

Actions

Topiramate may cause ciliary body edema and relaxation of zonules, which induces a forward shift of the lens-iris diaphragm with acute myopia and angle closure. Topiramate's tendency to cause weight loss could be advantageous for many patients with mood disorders.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Topiramate may cause retinal and macular neurosensory detachments."	( Macular neurosensory retinal detachment associated with topiramate use. de Las Morenas Iglesias, J; Espiñeira Periñán, MÁ; Franco Ruedas, C; López-Herrero, F; Muñoz Morales, A; Sánchez-Vicente, JL, 2019)	1.48
"Topiramate may not increase the risk of urolithiasis. "	( Topiramate may not increase risk of urolithiasis: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Chou, CY; Hsu, CY; Lin, HC; Lin, HL; Shen, AL; Tseng, YF, 2015)	3.3
"Topiramate may cause anhidrosis, potentially resulting in heatstroke, as reported especially in children."	( Topiramate-induced severe heatstroke in an adult patient: a case report. Besson, M; Canel, L; Nendaz, M; Zisimopoulou, S, 2016)	2.6
"Topiramate may cause acute myopia and closure angle glaucoma in some patients due to a choroidal effusion. "	( [Angle-closure glaucoma secondary to topiramate use]. Bande, M; López-Valladares, MJ; Piñeiro, A; Rodríguez-Blanco, M, 2012)	2.09
"Topiramate displays a scavenging capacity compared to the reference compound, with the exception of ONOO(-), although it was less efficient than nordihydroguaiaretic acid, dimethylthiourea, ascorbic acid, sodium pyruvate and glutathione for O₂(·-), OH·, HOCl, H₂O₂ and (1)O₂(P < 0.0001), respectively, and not induced significant growth inhibition in cancer cell lines."	( Antioxidant activity of topiramate: an antiepileptic agent. Bandala, C; Cárdenas-Rodríguez, N; Coballase-Urrutia, E; Coria-Jiménez, R; García-Cruz, ME; Huerta-Gertrudis, B; Pedraza-Chaverri, J; Ruíz-García, M, 2013)	1.42
"Topiramate was chosen because it addresses two of the predicted pathological consequences of NMDA receptor hypofunction."	( Topiramate antagonizes MK-801 in an animal model of schizophrenia. Bellack, AS; Billingslea, EN; Deutsch, SI; Mastropaolo, J; Rosse, RB, 2002)	2.48
"Topiramate is shown to cause angle-closure glaucoma."	( Adverse ocular drug reactions recently identified by the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects. Fraunfelder, FT; Fraunfelder, FW, 2004)	1.04
"Topiramate can cause cognitive impairment and weight loss."	( Topiramate (Topamax) for prevention of migraine. , 2005)	2.49
"Topiramate use may cause palinopsia and may be associated with the Alice in Wonderland syndrome through an unknown mechanism."	( Reversible palinopsia and the Alice in Wonderland syndrome associated with topiramate use in migraineurs. Evans, RW, 2006)	1.29
"Topiramate, at a lower dose than previously reported, significantly delayed the onset of allodynia and both delayed and attenuated the peak hyperalgesia observed."	( Effects of topiramate on the chronic constriction injury model in the rat. Benoliel, R; Eliav, E; Tal, M, 2006)	1.45
"Topiramate treatment may lower the body weight and reduce appetite in part of children with epilepsy which may be mediated by the reduced plasma galanin level."	( [Changes of body weight and galanin in epileptic children treated with topiramate]. Li, QH; Shi, RF; Sun, SZ; Tang, HX; Tian, J; Wang, KL; Wang, LH; Yang, HF; Zheng, HC, 2007)	2.02
"Topiramate may cause ciliary body edema and relaxation of zonules, which induces a forward shift of the lens-iris diaphragm with acute myopia and angle closure."	( [Bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma in a young patient receiving oral topiramate: case report]. Fortes Filho, JB; Prietsch, RF; Stangler, F, )	1.08
"Topiramate is known to cause ocular side effects such as refractive changes and angle closure. "	( Electronegative electroretinogram associated with topiramate toxicity and vitelliform maculopathy. Casper, D; Chou, CL; Tsang, SH; Tsui, I, 2008)	2.04
"Topiramate also may inhibit synaptic conductances responsible for transmission of epileptiform discharges."	( Effects of topiramate on sustained repetitive firing and spontaneous recurrent seizure discharges in cultured hippocampal neurons. Coulter, DA; DeLorenzo, RJ; Sombati, S, 2000)	1.42
"Topiramate was studied because of recent data and hypotheses suggesting that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction, dampened GABAergic inhibition, and excessive stimulation of the kainic acid (KA)/alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) class of glutamate receptors occur in at least some patients with schizophrenia, especially those with persistent negative symptoms and progressive psychosocial deterioration."	( Topiramate improves deficit symptoms in a patient with schizophrenia when added to a stable regimen of antipsychotic medication. Deutsch, SI; Drapalski, AL; Marvel, CL; Peebles, RR; Rosse, RB; Schwartz, BL, )	2.3
"Topiramate's tendency to cause weight loss could be advantageous for many patients with mood disorders."	( Do obese depressed patients respond to topiramate? A retrospective chart review. Carpenter, LL; Leon, Z; Price, LH; Yasmin, S, 2002)	1.31

Treatment

Topiramate for the treatment of migraine prophylaxis may cause side effects such as cognitive dysfunction. Topiramate pretreatment also reduced the contents of tissue malonaldehyde, enhanced ferric reducing antioxidant power value and glutathione levels.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Topiramate pretreatment also reduced the contents of tissue malonaldehyde, enhanced ferric reducing antioxidant power value and glutathione levels, and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in gastric mucosa compared to the model group."	( Gastroprotective effect of topiramate on indomethacin-induced peptic ulcer in rats: Biochemical and histological analyses. Andishfar, N; Esmaeilzadeh, Z; Ghasemnejad-Berenji, M; Jafari, A; Khezri, MR, 2022)	1.74
"Topiramate treatment was associated with small effect sizes for both a 1-level (d = 0.26) and a 2-level (d = 0.19) reduction in WHO RDL, effects that were not significant after correction for multiple comparisons. "	( World Health Organization risk drinking levels as a treatment outcome measure in topiramate trials. Feinn, R; Hartwell, EE; Kranzler, HR; Pond, T; Witkiewitz, K, 2021)	2.29
"Topiramate treatment prevented NTG-induced changes by reversing NTG-induced hyperalgesia and allodynia, and inhibiting CGRP and c-Fos gene expression in all areas evaluated."	( Chronic and intermittent administration of systemic nitroglycerin in the rat induces an increase in the gene expression of CGRP in central areas: potential contribution to pain processing. Demartini, C; Greco, R; Tassorelli, C; Zanaboni, AM, 2018)	1.2
"Topiramate for the treatment of migraine prophylaxis may cause side effects such as cognitive dysfunction. "	( Evaluation of cognitive functions in migraineurs treated with topiramate. Karadaş, Ö; Övünç Özön, A; Öztürk, B, 2019)	2.2
"Topiramate-treated subjects, compared to placebo-treated subjects, were more likely to be retained in treatment and more likely to be abstinent from cocaine during the last three weeks of the trial."	( A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of topiramate for the treatment of comorbid cocaine and alcohol dependence. Kampman, KM; Lynch, KG; O'Brien, CP; Pettinati, HM; Spratt, K; Wierzbicki, MR, 2013)	1.37
"Topiramate treatment significantly reduced heavy drinking days and increased abstinent days relative to placebo."	( Topiramate treatment for heavy drinkers: moderation by a GRIK1 polymorphism. Arias, AJ; Armeli, S; Covault, J; Feinn, R; Gelernter, J; Kampman, KM; Kranzler, HR; Oncken, C; Pond, T; Tennen, H, 2014)	2.57
"Topiramate treatment was also associated with decreased PTSD symptom severity and tended to reduce hyperarousal symptoms compared with placebo."	( Topiramate treatment of alcohol use disorder in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled pilot trial. Batki, SL; Delucchi, K; Herbst, E; Lasher, B; Metzler, T; Neylan, TC; Pennington, DL; Waldrop, A, 2014)	2.57
"Topiramate treatment of methamphetamine addicts significantly modulates the expression of genes involved in multiple biological processes underlying addiction behavior and other physiological functions."	( Transcriptome profiling and pathway analysis of genes expressed differentially in participants with or without a positive response to topiramate treatment for methamphetamine addiction. Ait-Daoud, N; Campbell, J; Elkashef, A; Haning, W; Iturriaga, E; Johnson, BA; Kahn, R; Li, MD; Ma, JZ; Mawhinney, DJ; McCann, M; Morris, R; Niu, T; Saadvandi, J; Seneviratne, C; Stock, C; Wang, J; Weis, D; Weiss, D; Yu, E, 2014)	2.05
"Topiramate of 20 mg/kg treatment as haloperidol treatment significantly decreased plasma EAA levels compared with the TS model group (P<0.05)."	( [Curative effect and possible mechanisms of topiramate in treatment of Tourette syndrome in rats]. Guo, H; Ou-Yang, Y, 2008)	1.33
"Topiramate-treated animals had less supragranular sprouting following status epilepticus than nontreated rats."	( Effect of topiramate on cognitive function and single units from hippocampal place cells following status epilepticus. Holmes, GL; Shatskikh, T; Zhao, Q; Zhou, JL, 2009)	1.48
"Topiramate treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the mean duration of seizures from 52 s in kindled rats to 13 s."	( The effects of topiramate on caspase-3 expression in hippocampus of basolateral amygdala (BLA) electrical kindled epilepsy rat. Bao, G; Chen, X; Hua, Y; Li, Y; Wang, Z; Zhang, X, 2009)	1.43
"Topiramate treatment for migraine prevention was associated with significantly lower healthcare resource use (ER visits, diagnostics, acute treatment) in the first 6 months of treatment, with continuing decreases, including physician office visits, during the second 6 months of treatment."	( Resource utilization impact of topiramate for migraine prevention in the managed-care setting. Quimbo, RM; Rupnow, MF; Wertz, DA; Yaldo, AZ, 2009)	2.08
"Topiramate treatment significantly reduced L/A (t = 2.156, p = 0.031), and markedly increased the serum level of adiponectin (t = 3.124, p = 0.002). "	( Effects of topiramate on weight and metabolism in children with epilepsy. Feng, JH; Gao, F; Li, HF; Xia, ZZ; Yang, CW; Zou, Y, 2009)	2.19
"Topiramate treatment produced a modest, but persistent (average of 5 days), reduction in ethanol consumption in P rats, and this effect did not vary with level of consumption. "	( Effect of topiramate treatment on ethanol consumption in rats. Breslin, FJ; Johnson, BA; Lynch, WJ, 2010)	2.21
"Topiramate treatment was interrupted and a local and general hypotonic treatment was started."	( [Acute bilateral angle-closure glaucoma induced by topiramate: contribution of Visante OCT]. Baudouin, C; Benrabah, R; Dupont Monod, S; Heron, E; Mantout, F; Oukacha, G; Tahiri Joutei Hassani, R, 2010)	1.33
"Topiramate treatment can be initiated whilst the alcohol-dependent individual is still drinking - just when crisis intervention is most likely to be needed by a patient with or without his or her family asking the health practitioner for assistance."	( Topiramate in the new generation of drugs: efficacy in the treatment of alcoholic patients. Ait-Daoud, N; Johnson, BA, 2010)	2.52
"Topiramate-treated patients are at risk for nephrolithiasis due to hypocitraturia and high urine pH."	( Nephrolithiasis in topiramate users. Langston, JP; Maalouf, NM; Moe, OW; Sakhaee, K; Van Ness, PC, 2011)	1.42
"Topiramate was used as treatment in 7 males and 11 females aged 2-14 months."	( West syndrome, can topiramate be on top? Al-Baradie, RS; Elseed, MA, 2011)	1.42
"Topiramate pretreatment significantly inhibited KA-induced seizures and brain lipid peroxidation with ED50 (95% CL) value of 21.90 mg/kg (17.3-28.2), i.p."	( Nicotine reversal of anticonvulsant action of topiramate in kainic acid-induced seizure model in mice. Chakrabarti, A; Hota, D; Sahai, AK; Sood, N, 2011)	1.35
"Topiramate-treated patients recently detoxified from alcohol usually have an improvement of their cognitive function, especially in the language and delayed recall domains. "	( Cognitive changes in topiramate-treated patients with alcoholism: a 12-week prospective study in patients recently detoxified. Likhitsathian, S; Saengcharnchai, P; Srisurapanont, M; Uttawichai, K; Wittayanookulluk, A; Yingwiwattanapong, J, 2012)	2.14
"Topiramate (TPM) treatment has been shown to reduce adiposity in humans and rodents. "	( Topiramate treatment improves hypothalamic insulin and leptin signaling and action and reduces obesity in mice. Caricilli, AM; Carvalheira, JB; de Abreu, LL; Guadagnini, D; Mittestainer, FC; Penteado, E; Prada, PO; Quaresma, PG; Razolli, D; Saad, MJ; Santos, AC; Velloso, LA, 2012)	3.26
"Topiramate pre-treatment reduced the cocaine-related craving and monetary value of high-dose cocaine while increasing the monetary value, euphoria and stimulant effects of low-dose cocaine."	( Topiramate's effects on cocaine-induced subjective mood, craving and preference for money over drug taking. Ait-Daoud, N; Gunderson, EW; Haughey, HM; Johnson, BA; Liu, L; Roache, JD; Wang, XQ, 2013)	2.55
"Topiramate treatment was titrated to one of the prespecified plasma levels during an 8-week titration period, followed by a 12-week observation period."	( Randomized, concentration-controlled trial of topiramate in refractory focal epilepsy. Andreasen, F; Christensen, J; Dam, M; Poulsen, JH, 2003)	1.3
"Topiramate treatment was started at 25 mg/day and titrated by 25 to 50 mg/week to a maximum of 400 mg/day."	( Treatment of bulimia nervosa with topiramate in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, part 1: improvement in binge and purge measures. Capece, JA; Hedges, DW; Hoopes, SP; Kamin, M; Karim, R; Karvois, D; Reimherr, FW; Rosenthal, NR, 2003)	1.32
"Topiramate treatment was started at 25 mg/day and titrated by 25 to 50 mg/week to a maximum of 400 mg/day."	( Treatment of bulimia nervosa with topiramate in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, part 2: improvement in psychiatric measures. Capece, JA; Hedges, DW; Hoopes, SP; Kamin, M; Karim, R; Reimherr, FW; Rosenthal, NR, 2003)	1.32
"Topiramate treatment improves multiple behavioral dimensions of bulimia nervosa. "	( Treatment of bulimia nervosa with topiramate in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, part 2: improvement in psychiatric measures. Capece, JA; Hedges, DW; Hoopes, SP; Kamin, M; Karim, R; Reimherr, FW; Rosenthal, NR, 2003)	2.04
"Topiramate-treated subjects were also more likely to attain 3 weeks of continuous abstinence from cocaine (chi2 = 3.9, d.f."	( A pilot trial of topiramate for the treatment of cocaine dependence. Dackis, C; Kampman, KM; Lynch, KG; O'Brien, CP; Pettinati, H; Sparkman, T; Weigley, C, 2004)	1.38
"Topiramate treatment of obese subjects over the course of 1 y resulted in clinically significant weight loss. "	( A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study of the long-term efficacy and safety of topiramate in the treatment of obese subjects. Fitchet, M; Rissanen, A; Van Gaal, L; Vercruysse, F; Wilding, J, 2004)	1.99
"Topiramate treatment was associated with enduring improvement in some patients with BED and obesity but was also associated with a high discontinuation rate."	( Topiramate in the long-term treatment of binge-eating disorder associated with obesity. Arnold, LM; Capece, JA; Fazzio, L; Hudson, JI; Keck, PE; McElroy, SL; Rosenthal, NR; Shapira, NA; Wu, SC, 2004)	3.21
"Topiramate treatment also reduced the amount of seizure-induced sprouting in the supragranular region."	( Effect of topiramate on cognitive function and activity level following neonatal seizures. Holmes, GL; Hu, Y; Zhao, Q, 2005)	1.45
"Topiramate treatment allowed him to decrease his alcohol intake to an acceptable level."	( Effect of topiramate augmentation on two patients suffering from schizophrenia or bipolar disorder with comorbid alcohol abuse. Huguelet, P; Morand-Collomb, S, 2005)	1.45
"Topiramate treatment was associated with a mean reduction over the entire double-blind phase of 2.6 migraine days per month, compared with a mean reduction of 2.0 migraine days per month for placebo (P = .061 topiramate vs. "	( Topiramate for migraine prevention in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fisher, AC; Hulihan, J; Jordan, DM; Linder, SL; Pearlman, EM; Winner, P, )	3.02
"Topiramate treatment was effective in 7 (64%) patients."	( Topiramate in the treatment of refractory chronic daily headache. An open trial. Dano, M; Mosek, A, 2005)	2.49
"Topiramate treatment at 50 mg, compared to 25 mg or placebo, attenuated heart rate increases induced by nicotine. "	( Effects of topiramate in combination with intravenous nicotine in overnight abstinent smokers. Kosten, T; Mouratidis, M; Poling, J; Sofuoglu, M, 2006)	2.17
"Topiramate-treated subjects also experienced statistically significant decreases in systolic blood pressure."	( Efficacy and safety of topiramate in combination with metformin in the treatment of obese subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Fitchet, M; Gorska, M; Hamann, A; Masson, E; Moore, R; Sun, X; Toplak, H; Vercruysse, F, 2007)	1.37
"Topiramate treatment was stopped."	( Topiramate-induced bilateral angle-closure glaucoma. Levy, J; Lifshitz, T; Petrova, A; Yagev, R, 2006)	2.5
"Topiramate treatment counteracted oleate-induced lipid load and partially protected against mitochondrial membrane dysfunction."	( The antiepileptic drug topiramate preserves metabolism-secretion coupling in insulin secreting cells chronically exposed to the fatty acid oleate. Berwaer, M; Chaffard, G; Frigerio, F; Maechler, P, 2006)	1.37
"Topiramate treatment repressed KCl-stimulated CGRP release in a time- and concentration-dependent manner."	( Repression of stimulated calcitonin gene-related peptide secretion by topiramate. Cady, R; Durham, PL; Niemann, C, 2006)	1.29
"Topiramate may be a treatment option in CPH."	( Paroxysmal hemicrania responding to topiramate. Cohen, AS; Goadsby, PJ, 2007)	1.34
"Topiramate treatment reduced energy intake, be it in the context of an ad libitum buffet-type meal or under free living conditions."	( The effect of topiramate on energy balance in obese men: a 6-month double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study with a 6-month open-label extension. Alméras, N; Bérubé-Parent, S; Chaput, JP; Després, JP; Leblanc, C; Prud'homme, D; Tremblay, A, 2007)	1.42
"Topiramate treatment produced significantly greater weight loss than placebo and the majority of this loss was explained by a decrease in body fat stores. "	( The effect of topiramate on energy balance in obese men: a 6-month double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study with a 6-month open-label extension. Alméras, N; Bérubé-Parent, S; Chaput, JP; Després, JP; Leblanc, C; Prud'homme, D; Tremblay, A, 2007)	2.14
"In topiramate-treated patients, there were significant reductions in HbA1c (1.1+/-0.9%), fasting plasma glucose, body weight (-6.6+/-3.3%), as well as body fat, lean body mass, postprandial glucose and free fatty acid levels but there were no significant changes in insulin sensitivity."	( Weight loss and metabolic effects of topiramate in overweight and obese type 2 diabetic patients: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Cederholm, J; Eliasson, B; Gudbjörnsdottir, S; Liang, Y; Smith, U; Vercruysse, F, 2007)	1.13
"Topiramate treatment of overweight DM2 reduced body weight and body fat, and was associated with a marked improvement in glycaemic control whereas no significant improvement in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was demonstrated. "	( Weight loss and metabolic effects of topiramate in overweight and obese type 2 diabetic patients: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Cederholm, J; Eliasson, B; Gudbjörnsdottir, S; Liang, Y; Smith, U; Vercruysse, F, 2007)	2.06
"Topiramate treatment resulted in a statistically significant mean reduction of migraine/migrainous headache days (topiramate -6.4 vs placebo -4.7, P= .010) and migraine headache days relative to baseline (topiramate -5.6 vs placebo -4.1, P= .032)."	( Efficacy and safety of topiramate for the treatment of chronic migraine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ascher, S; Bigal, M; Brandes, JL; Dodick, DW; Freitag, FG; Greenberg, SJ; Hulihan, J; Jordan, DM; Lipton, RB; Mathew, N; Ramadan, N; Saper, J; Silberstein, SD, 2007)	1.37
"Topiramate treatment at daily doses of approximately 100 mg resulted in statistically significant improvements compared with placebo in mean monthly migraine/migrainous and migraine headache days. "	( Efficacy and safety of topiramate for the treatment of chronic migraine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ascher, S; Bigal, M; Brandes, JL; Dodick, DW; Freitag, FG; Greenberg, SJ; Hulihan, J; Jordan, DM; Lipton, RB; Mathew, N; Ramadan, N; Saper, J; Silberstein, SD, 2007)	2.09
"Topiramate treatment of 5-week-old rats increased baseline ADT, shortened ADD, and delayed the progression of kindled seizures."	( Age-dependent effects of topiramate on the acquisition and the retention of rapid kindling. Auvin, S; Mazarati, A; Sankar, R; Shin, D, 2007)	1.36
"Topiramate-treated patients exhibited significant reductions in reexperiencing symptoms (CAPS cluster B: topiramate, 74.9%; placebo, 50.2%; p = .038) and Treatment Outcome PTSD scale (topiramate, 68.0%; placebo, 41.6%; p = .025)."	( Efficacy and safety of topiramate monotherapy in civilian posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Capece, JA; Rosenthal, NR; Thompson, J; Trautman, RP; Tucker, P; Wu, SC; Wyatt, DB, 2007)	1.37
"Topiramate treatment enhanced subjective ratings of withdrawal after the 3-h abstinence period and reduced pre-cue skin conductance levels. "	( Effects of topiramate on cue-induced cigarette craving and the response to a smoked cigarette in briefly abstinent smokers. Flammino, F; Palamar, J; Raghavan, S; Reid, MS, 2007)	2.17
"Topiramate CR treatment produced significant weight loss and meaningful improvements in A1C and blood pressure in obese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with diet and exercise or in combination with metformin. "	( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study to assess the efficacy and safety of topiramate controlled release in the treatment of obese type 2 diabetic patients. Gadde, KM; Hollander, P; Leung, A; Rosenstock, J; Strauss, R; Sun, X, 2007)	2
"Topiramate as an add-on treatment to lifestyle improvements produced significant weight loss and improved glucose homeostasis in obese, drug-naive subjects with type 2 diabetes. "	( Topiramate in the treatment of obese subjects with drug-naive type 2 diabetes. Fitchet, M; Kumar, A; Rössner, S; Sjöström, L; Stenlöf, K; Vercruysse, F, 2007)	3.23
"Topiramate treatment may lower the body weight and reduce appetite in part of children with epilepsy which may be mediated by the reduced plasma galanin level."	( [Changes of body weight and galanin in epileptic children treated with topiramate]. Li, QH; Shi, RF; Sun, SZ; Tang, HX; Tian, J; Wang, KL; Wang, LH; Yang, HF; Zheng, HC, 2007)	2.02
"Topiramate-treated patients lost significantly more body weight than placebo-treated patients, which led to a significant reduction in body mass index (BMI)."	( A placebo-controlled, random-assignment, parallel-group pilot study of adjunctive topiramate for patients with schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type. Basu, R; Brar, JS; Buttenfield, J; Gershon, S; Houck, P; John, V; Kupfer, DJ; Parepally, H; Roy Chengappa, K; Schlicht, P, 2007)	1.29
"Topiramate-treated men reported significantly lower tobacco withdrawal scores than both women taking topiramate and men on placebo."	( Preliminary evidence for gender-specific effects of topiramate as a potential aid to smoking cessation. Anthenelli, RM; Blom, TJ; Keck, PE; McElroy, SL, 2008)	1.32
"Topiramate-treated patients had a greater median percent reduction from baseline in average monthly partial-onset seizure rate than placebo-treated patients (33.1% versus 10.5%, p = 0.034), a greater proportion of treatment responders (i.e., patients with a > or = 50% seizure rate reduction; 16 of 41 [39%] versus 9 of 45 [20%], p = 0.080), and patients with a > or = 75% seizure rate reduction (7 of 41 [17%] versus 1 of 45 [2%], p = 0.019), and better parental global evaluations of improvement in seizure severity (p = 0.019). "	( A double-blind, randomized trial of topiramate as adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures in children. Topiramate YP Study Group. Elterman, RD; Glauser, TA; Pledger, G; Reife, R; Wu, SC; Wyllie, E, 1999)	2.02
"Topiramate-treated patients demonstrated greater improvement in seizure severity than did placebo-treated patients based on parental global evaluations (p = 0.037)."	( A double-blind, randomized trial of topiramate in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Topiramate YL Study Group. Glauser, TA; Lim, P; Pledger, G; Reife, R; Ritter, F; Sachdeo, RC, 1999)	1.3
"Topiramate treatment and discontinuation did not seem to affect cholesterol serum levels."	( Topiramate monotherapy in the maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder: effects on mood, weight and serum lipids. Erfurth, A; Kuhn, G, 2000)	2.47
"When treating with topiramate, use a slow titration to the goal dose of 100 mg or the lowest dose, which helps prevent migraine."	( Safety of topiramate for treating migraines. Marmura, MJ, 2014)	1.12
"Treatment with topiramate resulted in complete resolution of her cravings."	( Dextromethorphan Addiction Mediated Through the NMDA System: Common Pathways With Alcohol? Crapanzano, K; Hsieh, C; Roy, AK, )	0.47
"Treatment with topiramate prevented the kindling-associated increases in caspase-3 as well as the increases in seizure duration and after-discharge duration."	( The effects of topiramate on caspase-3 expression in hippocampus of basolateral amygdala (BLA) electrical kindled epilepsy rat. Bao, G; Chen, X; Hua, Y; Li, Y; Wang, Z; Zhang, X, 2009)	1.05
"Treatment with topiramate may improve negative symptoms in schizophrenia when added to typical antipsychotic drugs (APDs) but not to clozapine. "	( Differential effects of topiramate on prefrontal glutamatergic transmission when combined with raclopride or clozapine. Jardemark, KE; Konradsson, A; Marcus, MM; Schilström, B; Svensson, TH, 2009)	1.01
"Treatment with topiramate was well tolerated and not associated with serious adverse events."	( Topiramate treatment of chronic migraine: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of quality of life and other efficacy measures. Ascher, S; Bigal, M; Brandes, J; Dodick, D; Freitag, F; Greenberg, S; Hulihan, J; Lipton, R; Mathew, N; Morein, J; Silberstein, S; Wright, P, 2009)	2.14
"Treatment with topiramate or pregabalin blocked the decrease of TH and the increase of CB1 gene expressions induced by cannabinoid withdrawal."	( Pregabalin and topiramate regulate behavioural and brain gene transcription changes induced by spontaneous cannabinoid withdrawal in mice. Almela, P; Aracil-Fernández, A; Manzanares, J, 2013)	1.08
"Treatment with topiramate (TPM) is known to negatively affect executive functions and verbal fluency in particular. "	( Impaired verbal fluency under topiramate--evidence for synergistic negative effects of epilepsy, topiramate, and polytherapy. Elger, CE; Helmstaedter, C; Witt, JA, 2013)	1.03
"Treatment with topiramate can be associated with neuropsychiatric side-effects such as cognitive impairments, deficits in word finding, and incidental psychotic decompensation."	( [Psychosis following treatment with topiramate]. Boermans, JA; Tuinier, S; van der Heijden, FM; Verhoeven, WM, 2002)	0.93
"Treatment with topiramate was initiated with 25 mg once a day, and the dose was titrated every 3 to 7 days to a maximum of 200 mg, according to clinical response and tolerability."	( Topiramate in the prophylactic treatment of cluster headache. Láinez, MJ; Pascual, AM; Pascual, J; Ponz, A; Salvador, A; Santonja, JM, )	1.91
"Treatment with topiramate (120 mg/kg/d, ig for 20 d) reduced the growth of primary tumor significantly (P<0.05). "	( Inhibitory effect of topiramate on Lewis lung carcinoma metastasis and its relation with AQP1 water channel. Li, T; Li, XJ; Ma, B; Xiang, Y; Yu, HM, 2004)	1
"Rats treated with topiramate performed significantly better in the water maze than rats treated with saline."	( Effect of topiramate on cognitive function and activity level following neonatal seizures. Holmes, GL; Hu, Y; Zhao, Q, 2005)	1.05
"We treated with topiramate at slowly increased moderate increments 11 CDH patients who were refractory to multiple previous treatments."	( Topiramate in the treatment of refractory chronic daily headache. An open trial. Dano, M; Mosek, A, 2005)	2.1
"Treatment with topiramate causes systemic metabolic acidosis, markedly lower urinary citrate excretion, and increased urinary pH. "	( Biochemical and stone-risk profiles with topiramate treatment. Graybeal, D; Maalouf, NM; Moe, OW; Sakhaee, K; Welch, BJ, 2006)	0.95
"Pretreatment with topiramate (1, 10, and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min prior to METH challenge had no effect on the expression frequency of stereotypy, compared with saline challenge."	( Lack of effect of anticonvulsant topiramate on methamphetamine-induced stereotypy and rewarding property in mice. Kitanaka, J; Kitanaka, N; Morita, Y; Takemura, M; Tatsuta, T, 2007)	0.94
"Only treatment with topiramate has been able to induce a complete improvement of symptoms."	( Use of topiramate for glossodynia. De Sarro, G; Gallelli, L; Marigliano, NM; Orlando, P; Siniscalchi, A, 2007)	1.11
"Treatment with topiramate resulted in reduction of both headache frequency (12.0 +/- 1.3 to 5.8 +/- 3.2 migraine days per month; P = 0.004) and cortical excitability: motor cortex thresholds increased on the right side from 43.8 +/- 7.5% to 47.7 +/- 9.2% (P = 0.049) and on the left side from 43.4 +/- 7.0% to 47.2 +/- 9.6% (P = 0.047), and phosphene thresholds increased from 58.9 +/- 11.1% to 71.2 +/- 11.2% (P = 0.0001)."	( Effects of topiramate on migraine frequency and cortical excitability in patients with frequent migraine. Artemenko, AR; Filatova, EG; Katsarava, Z; Kaube, H; Kurenkov, AL; Nikitin, SS, 2008)	1.08
"Men treated with topiramate were nearly 16 times more likely to quit smoking than women on topiramate [37.5% versus 3.7%; odds ratio (OR) = 15.6; P = 0.016] and were roughly four times more likely to quit smoking than placebo-treated men (37.5% versus 13.6%; OR = 3.8; P = 0.098)."	( Preliminary evidence for gender-specific effects of topiramate as a potential aid to smoking cessation. Anthenelli, RM; Blom, TJ; Keck, PE; McElroy, SL, 2008)	0.93
"Treatment with topiramate (5 mg/kg) alone or in combination with the studied antiepileptics (providing 50% protection against maximal electroshock) resulted in no adverse effects, as measured in the chimney test (motor coordination) or passive avoidance task (long-term memory)."	( Interaction of topiramate with conventional antiepileptic drugs in mice. Czuczwar, SJ; Gasior, M; Kleinrok, Z; Kotowski, J; Swiader, M, 2000)	1
"Treatment with topiramate at 150 mg daily was administered over a 16-week period."	( Topiramate use in obese patients with binge eating disorder: an open study. Appolinario, JC; Bueno, JR; Coutinho, W; Fontenelle, LF; Papelbaum, M, 2002)	2.1

Toxicity

Despite safety concerns associated with topiramate use, the pattern of adverse events and signal analysis of antiepileptic drugs remain elusive. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of psychiatric adverse events (PAEs) in patients with epilepsy treated withTopiramate.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The profile of treatment-emergent adverse reactions (TEAEs) observed with TPM at various dosages is based primarily on data from five double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in which 360 patients received TPM at target doses of 200-1,000 mg/day."	( Safety of topiramate: adverse events and relationships to dosing. Shorvon, SD, 1996)	0.7
" After a follow-up of 14-21 months, six patients are still on topiramate (mean dosage 583 mg/day, range 400-800 mg/day), and nine have discontinued treatment because of adverse events (n = 6), inefficacy (n = 2) or poor compliance (n = 1)."	( Efficacy and safety of topiramate in refractory epilepsy: a long-term prospective trial. Di Fazio, M; Galimberti, CA; Manni, R; Perucca, E; Sartori, I; Tartara, A, 1996)	0.85
"Standard antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are associated with a wide variety of acute and chronic adverse events and with many interactions with each other and with non-AEDs that complicate patient management."	( Overview of the safety of newer antiepileptic drugs. Shorvon, S; Stefan, H, 1997)	0.3
" During treatment periods up to 2 1/2 years (mean, 15 months), 6% of children discontinued because of treatment-emergent adverse events; 13% discontinued because of inadequate seizure control."	( Effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of topiramate in children with partial-onset seizures. Topiramate YP Study Group. Elterman, RD; Glauser, TA; Ritter, F; Wyllie, E, 2000)	0.57
" However, on rare occasions, they can progress to more severe cutaneous disorders, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis."	( Therapeutic safety monitoring: what to look for and when to look for it. Harden, CL, 2000)	0.31
" The authors gathered 361 cases of focal epilepsies treated with topiramate (TPM) as an add-on to other antiepileptic drugs prior to marketing, in order to retrospectively analyze the incidence of adverse effects (AE)."	( [Use of topiramate in clinical practice (part 2). Multicentric retrospective evaluation of its safety]. Biraben, A; Genton, P, 2000)	0.98
" Two classes of adverse events are commonly reported: central nervous system and anorexia/weight loss."	( Safety and tolerability of topiramate in children. Levisohn, PM, 2000)	0.6
" The most common adverse effect was paresthesia (n= 2)."	( [Effectiveness and safety of topiramate in treatment-resistant bipolar disorder]. Arrufat, E; García-Castrillón, A; García-Parés, G; Gilabert, A; Luna, MJ; Rodríguez, A; Vieta, E, )	0.42
" Five patients dropped out of the study due to adverse events such as anxiety, aggressiveness, rash, lethargy, etc."	( Topiramate: a new safe and effective antiepileptic. Bansal, J; Gupta, M; Mogre, V; Rehman, N, 2001)	1.75
"Psychopharmacology research aims to expand the therapeutic ratio between efficacy, on the one hand, and adverse events and safety, on the other."	( Psychotropic drugs and adverse events in the treatment of bipolar disorders revisited. McIntyre, RS, 2002)	0.31
" Our case reports suggest that possible adverse effects of VPA should be given particular attention when VPA is combined with TPM."	( Topiramate enhances the risk of valproate-associated side effects in three children. Koelfen, W; König, S; Longin, E; Teich, M, 2002)	1.76
"Clinical pharmacologists, neurologists, internists, and all health care givers must consider the efficacy, safety, and side effect profile of a given antiepileptic drug (AED) when determining which drug is best for a given patient."	( Clinical pharmacology of topiramate versus lamotrigine versus phenobarbital: comparison of efficacy and side effects using odds ratios. Claycamp, HG; Lathers, CM; Schraeder, PL, 2003)	0.62
"The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of psychiatric adverse events (PAEs) in patients with epilepsy treated with topiramate (TPM)."	( Topiramate and psychiatric adverse events in patients with epilepsy. Lhatoo, SD; Mula, M; Sander, JW; Trimble, MR, 2003)	1.97
" Although the efficacy of many drugs has been evaluated in patients with this disorder, medication tolerability and adherence issues related to unfavorable side effect profiles are substantial impediments to the development of novel pharmacotherapies."	( Safety of available agents used to treat bipolar disorder: focus on weight gain. Nemeroff, CB, 2003)	0.32
" Interestingly, oligohydrosis was found to be a relatively common side effect of zonisamide."	( Oligohydrosis and hyperthermia: pilot study of a novel topiramate adverse effect. Augarten, A; Ben-Zeev, B; Blatt, I; Brand, N; Efrati, O; Topper, L; Watemberg, N; Yahav, Y, 2003)	0.57
"Topiramate (TPM) is a new antiepileptic drug (AED) that has been found to be associated with a high prevalence of cognitive adverse events (CAEs)."	( A past psychiatric history may be a risk factor for topiramate-related psychiatric and cognitive adverse events. Faught, E; Fix, A; French, JA; Kanner, AM; Tatum, WO; Wuu, J, 2003)	2.01
"To report recent ocular adverse drug reactions identified by the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects."	( Adverse ocular drug reactions recently identified by the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects. Fraunfelder, FT; Fraunfelder, FW, 2004)	0.32
"Case reports from the National Registry and the World Health Organization were collected and adverse drug reactions categorized as follows: certain, probable/likely, possible, unlikely, and conditional/unclassifiable."	( Adverse ocular drug reactions recently identified by the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects. Fraunfelder, FT; Fraunfelder, FW, 2004)	0.32
"Recent reports to the National Registry have led to identification of new ocular adverse drug reactions."	( Adverse ocular drug reactions recently identified by the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects. Fraunfelder, FT; Fraunfelder, FW, 2004)	0.32
" The most common adverse events more frequently observed in topiramate-treated subjects occurred mostly during the titration phase and were related to the central or peripheral nervous system and included paresthesia, difficulty with concentration/attention, depression, difficulty with memory, language problems, nervousness, and psychomotor slowing."	( A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study of the long-term efficacy and safety of topiramate in the treatment of obese subjects. Fitchet, M; Rissanen, A; Van Gaal, L; Vercruysse, F; Wilding, J, 2004)	0.79
" The most frequently reported adverse effects were drowsiness, irritability, hyperthermia, and anorexia."	( Efficacy and safety of topiramate in infants according to epilepsy syndromes. Balestri, P; Berardi, R; Bernardoni, E; Cioni, M; Di Bartolo, RM; Farnetani, MA; Galimberti, D; Grosso, S; Morgese, G; Mostardini, R; Vivarelli, R, 2005)	0.64
"To explore the time course of treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) during topiramate (TPM) adjunctive therapy."	( Time course of adverse events in patients with localization-related epilepsy receiving topiramate added to carbamazepine. Majkowski, J; Neto, W; Van Oene, J; Wapenaar, R, 2005)	0.78
"The effect of levetiracetam (LEV) on the acute neurotoxic profiles of various antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine [CBZ], phenytoin [PHT], phenobarbital [PB], valproate [VPA], lamotrigine [LTG], topiramate [TPM], oxcarbazepine [OXC], and felbamate [FBM]) was evaluated in the rotarod test, allowing the determination of median toxic doses (TD50 values) with respect to impairment of motor coordination in mice."	( Levetiracetam selectively potentiates the acute neurotoxic effects of topiramate and carbamazepine in the rotarod test in mice. Andres, MM; Cioczek-Czuczwar, A; Czuczwar, P; Czuczwar, SJ; Luszczki, JJ; Patsalos, PN; Ratnaraj, N; Wojcik-Cwikla, J, 2005)	0.75
" Adverse events included paresthesia, fatigue, taste perversion, loss of appetite, and difficulty with concentration and attention."	( Efficacy and safety of topiramate in the treatment of obese subjects with essential hypertension. Fitchet, M; Ivleva, A; Kumar, A; Levy, B; Tonstad, S; Tykarski, A; Weissgarten, J, 2005)	0.64
" Mild to moderate adverse effects, mainly somnolence, anorexia and nervousness, were present in 25 (53%) of children."	( The efficacy and side effects of topiramate on refractory epilepsy in infants and young children: a multi-center clinical trial. Al Ajlouni, S; Daoud, AS; Shorman, A, 2005)	0.61
"Although the long term safety and possible adverse effects of topiramate have not been fully established in infants and young children, this study has shown that it is a useful option for children with frequent seizures unresponsive to standard anti-epileptic drugs."	( The efficacy and side effects of topiramate on refractory epilepsy in infants and young children: a multi-center clinical trial. Al Ajlouni, S; Daoud, AS; Shorman, A, 2005)	0.85
"The relationship between topiramate (TPM) concentration, dosage and adverse events in patients with epilepsy is still controversial."	( Topiramate: a prospective study on the relationship between concentration, dosage and adverse events in epileptic patients on combination therapy. Fröscher, W; Hoffmann, M; May, TW; Meyer, A; Rambeck, B; Rösche, J; Schier, KR, 2005)	2.07
"The relationship between the occurrence of adverse events and TPM serum concentration or dosage, respectively, was examined in a group of 42 young adult and adult patients with poorly controlled epilepsy."	( Topiramate: a prospective study on the relationship between concentration, dosage and adverse events in epileptic patients on combination therapy. Fröscher, W; Hoffmann, M; May, TW; Meyer, A; Rambeck, B; Rösche, J; Schier, KR, 2005)	1.77
"The difference in TPM serum concentrations and TPM dosages (mg/kg) for patients without an adverse event, and patients with a given adverse event was statistically significant for "abnormal thinking, impaired concentration, weight loss, dizziness, speech problems, somnolence, ataxia, increased seizure frequency and paresthesia"."	( Topiramate: a prospective study on the relationship between concentration, dosage and adverse events in epileptic patients on combination therapy. Fröscher, W; Hoffmann, M; May, TW; Meyer, A; Rambeck, B; Rösche, J; Schier, KR, 2005)	1.77
" Safety analyses included adverse event (AE) reports and clinical laboratory tests."	( Safety and effectiveness of topiramate for the management of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy in an open-label extension study. Donofrio, PD; Hewitt, DJ; Jordan, DM; Raskin, P; Rosenthal, NR; Vinik, AI; Xiang, J, 2005)	0.62
" Data on single substance exposures to topiramate reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) Toxic Exposure Surveillance System (TESS) in 2000 and 2001 were retrospectively analysed."	( Evaluation of toxicity of topiramate exposures reported to poison centers. Klein-Schwartz, W; Lofton, AL, 2005)	0.9
"The objectives of this study is to investigate the toxic effects of Topamax (100 mg/kg/body weight) on the reproductive system after administration to female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g for two time periods 4 and 12 weeks."	( Reproductive toxic effects of Topamax ingestion in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Khouri, NA, 2005)	0.33
" These results indicate that long-term exposure of female rats to Topamax causes adverse effects on the reproductive system and fertility."	( Reproductive toxic effects of Topamax ingestion in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Khouri, NA, 2005)	0.33
"The results of the current study suggest that ingestion of Topamax by adult female rats causes adverse effects on fertility and reproduction."	( Reproductive toxic effects of Topamax ingestion in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Khouri, NA, 2005)	0.33
" Globally, adverse events were observed in 161 patients (58%) and were mainly represented by weight loss, hyperthermia, sedation, and nervousness, which, in most cases, disappeared after slowing titration or reducing the dosage of the drug."	( Efficacy and safety of topiramate in refractory epilepsy of childhood: long-term follow-up study. Balestri, P; Boniver, C; Cardinali, C; Caterina Moscano, F; Franzoni, E; Grosso, S; Iannetti, P; Incorpora, G; Lo Faro, V; Mazzone, L; Morgese, G; Parisi, P; Spalice, A; Toldo, I; Verrotti, A; Zamponi, N, 2005)	0.64
"5 million adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports for 8620 drugs/biologics that are listed for 1191 Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction (COSTAR) terms of adverse effects."	( Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling. Benz, RD; Contrera, JF; Kruhlak, NL; Matthews, EJ; Weaver, JL, 2004)	0.32
" The authors present the cases of two children who developed relatively uncommon adverse effects to new anticonvulsant medications, including metabolic acidosis with topiramate and hyponatremia with oxcarbazepine."	( New anticonvulsants--new adverse effects. Tebb, Z; Tobias, JD, 2006)	0.53
" Topiramate does not seem to be associated with serious adverse effects and is also well tolerated in pediatric patients."	( Hypohidrosis during topiramate treatment: a rare and reversible side effect. Bombardieri, R; Cerminara, C; Curatolo, P; Pinci, M; Seri, S, 2006)	1.57
" Most common adverse events were paresthesia and events related to the central nervous system."	( Efficacy and safety of topiramate in combination with metformin in the treatment of obese subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Fitchet, M; Gorska, M; Hamann, A; Masson, E; Moore, R; Sun, X; Toplak, H; Vercruysse, F, 2007)	0.65
"We identified two severe ocular adverse reactions from topiramate."	( [Severe ocular side effects with Topamax]. Asensio-Sánchez, VM; Calvo, MJ; Martínez-Calvo, S; Rodríguez, R; Torreblanca-Agüera, B, 2006)	0.58
" Treatment was generally well-tolerated, although adverse events were most frequent in the 200 mg/day dose group."	( Topiramate for migraine prevention in adolescents: a pooled analysis of efficacy and safety. Battisti, WP; Gendolla, A; Nye, JS; Stayer, C; Wang, S; Winner, P; Yuen, E, )	1.57
" Assessments of safety and tolerability included physical and neurologic examinations, clinical laboratory parameters, and spontaneous reports of clinical adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of topiramate for the treatment of chronic migraine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ascher, S; Bigal, M; Brandes, JL; Dodick, DW; Freitag, FG; Greenberg, SJ; Hulihan, J; Jordan, DM; Lipton, RB; Mathew, N; Ramadan, N; Saper, J; Silberstein, SD, 2007)	0.65
" Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 132 (82."	( Efficacy and safety of topiramate for the treatment of chronic migraine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ascher, S; Bigal, M; Brandes, JL; Dodick, DW; Freitag, FG; Greenberg, SJ; Hulihan, J; Jordan, DM; Lipton, RB; Mathew, N; Ramadan, N; Saper, J; Silberstein, SD, 2007)	0.65
" Topiramate is safe and generally well tolerated in this group of subjects with chronic migraine, a burdensome condition with important unmet treatment needs."	( Efficacy and safety of topiramate for the treatment of chronic migraine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ascher, S; Bigal, M; Brandes, JL; Dodick, DW; Freitag, FG; Greenberg, SJ; Hulihan, J; Jordan, DM; Lipton, RB; Mathew, N; Ramadan, N; Saper, J; Silberstein, SD, 2007)	1.56
" However it was reported that it may cause adverse effects such as liver failure and hepatitis, which arouses the attention of the medical field."	( [An experimental study on hepatotoxicity of topiramate in young rats]. Chen, XM; Huang, J; Ren, RN; Ye, LY, 2007)	0.6
" Adverse events were predominantly neuropsychiatric or central and peripheral nervous system related."	( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study to assess the efficacy and safety of topiramate controlled release in the treatment of obese type 2 diabetic patients. Gadde, KM; Hollander, P; Leung, A; Rosenstock, J; Strauss, R; Sun, X, 2007)	0.55
" However, the central nervous system and psychiatric adverse event profile of topiramate CR makes it unsuitable for the treatment of obesity and diabetes."	( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study to assess the efficacy and safety of topiramate controlled release in the treatment of obese type 2 diabetic patients. Gadde, KM; Hollander, P; Leung, A; Rosenstock, J; Strauss, R; Sun, X, 2007)	0.78
" To characterize the time course of adverse events (AEs) that led to treatment discontinuation in >/=2% of patients who received topiramate 100 mg/day during three pivotal, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and 26-week trials."	( Time course of adverse events most commonly associated with topiramate for migraine prevention. Ascher, S; Freitag, FG; Láinez, MJ; Olson, WH; Pfeil, J; Schwalen, S, 2007)	0.79
"To investigate the hypothesis that some patients with epilepsy are generally prone to develop psychiatric adverse events (PAEs) during antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy irrespective of the mechanism of action of the drugs."	( Are psychiatric adverse events of antiepileptic drugs a unique entity? A study on topiramate and levetiracetam. Mula, M; Sander, JW; Trimble, MR, 2007)	0.57
" At each visit, a physical examination and routine laboratory analysis were performed, and the adverse event (AE) profile was obtained by face-to-face interview."	( Tolerability and safety of topiramate in Chinese patients with epilepsy : an open-label, long-term, prospective study. Li, J; Li, Q; Lu, Y; Wang, X; Yan, Y, 2007)	0.64
" Compared with its use as adjunctive therapy, topiramate monotherapy is associated with a significantly higher frequency of adverse events."	( Tolerability and safety of topiramate in Chinese patients with epilepsy : an open-label, long-term, prospective study. Li, J; Li, Q; Lu, Y; Wang, X; Yan, Y, 2007)	0.89
"In patients presenting with acute angle closure secondary to Topiramate toxicity, choroidal drainage if indicated, is a safe and effective interventional procedure."	( Choroidal drainage in the management of acute angle closure after topiramate toxicity. Das, S; Parikh, R; Parikh, S; Thomas, R, 2007)	0.82
"To verify the occurrence of language disturbances as a side effect of topiramate treatment in episodic and chronic migraine patients."	( Language disturbances as a side effect of prophylactic treatment of migraine. Calabresi, P; Coppola, F; Corbelli, I; Mancini, ML; Nardi, K; Rossi, C; Sarchielli, P, 2008)	0.58
" Safety assessments included adverse event (AE) reports, physical examination, and clinical laboratory tests."	( Analysis of safety and tolerability data obtained from over 1,500 patients receiving topiramate for migraine prevention in controlled trials. Adelman, J; Ascher, S; Freitag, FG; Greenberg, S; Hulihan, J; Lainez, M; Mao, L; Shi, Y, 2008)	0.57
"Topiramate is generally safe and reasonably well tolerated for the prevention of migraine in adults."	( Analysis of safety and tolerability data obtained from over 1,500 patients receiving topiramate for migraine prevention in controlled trials. Adelman, J; Ascher, S; Freitag, FG; Greenberg, S; Hulihan, J; Lainez, M; Mao, L; Shi, Y, 2008)	2.01
"The objectives of this study is to investigate the toxic effects of Artemisia herba Alba (300 mg/kg/ body wight) on the reproductive system after administration to female Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 250-300 g for two time periods 4 and 12 weeks."	( Reproductive toxic effects of Artemisia herba alba ingestion in female Spague-Dawley rats. Almasad, MM; Daradka, H; Qazan, WS, 2007)	0.34
"To determine long-term retention, percentage of patients withdrawing because of adverse events, percentage of patients achieving seizure freedom, safety profile of the new anti-epileptic drugs lamotrigine, levetiracetam and topiramate."	( The impact of side effects on long-term retention in three new antiepileptic drugs. Aldenkamp, AP; Bootsma, HP; de Krom, M; Hekster, YA; Hulsman, J; Lambrechts, D; Majoie, M; Ricker, L; Schellekens, A, 2009)	0.54
" Adverse events played a role in drug discontinuation in 154/429 patients (35."	( The impact of side effects on long-term retention in three new antiepileptic drugs. Aldenkamp, AP; Bootsma, HP; de Krom, M; Hekster, YA; Hulsman, J; Lambrechts, D; Majoie, M; Ricker, L; Schellekens, A, 2009)	0.35
"A drug that is only modestly efficacious but has a favourable safety profile may look better than a drug that is more efficacious but produces clinically meaningful adverse events."	( The impact of side effects on long-term retention in three new antiepileptic drugs. Aldenkamp, AP; Bootsma, HP; de Krom, M; Hekster, YA; Hulsman, J; Lambrechts, D; Majoie, M; Ricker, L; Schellekens, A, 2009)	0.35
" Overall, topiramate treatment was safe and well tolerated."	( Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topiramate for migraine prevention in pediatric subjects 12 to 17 years of age. Eerdekens, M; Ford, L; Kurland, CL; Lewis, D; Ness, S; Nye, J; Polverejan, E; Saper, J; Wang, S; Winner, P; Yuen, E, 2009)	0.98
" The ultimate aim for this research is to determine whether this combination is safe and is superior to either drug taken alone in reducing alcohol use in alcohol dependent patients."	( A safety and tolerability laboratory study of the combination of aripiprazole and topiramate in volunteers who drink alcohol. Kenna, GA; Leggio, L; Swift, RM, 2009)	0.58
" Participants reported adverse events (AEs) daily alcohol use and participated in an alcohol challenge session (ACS)."	( A safety and tolerability laboratory study of the combination of aripiprazole and topiramate in volunteers who drink alcohol. Kenna, GA; Leggio, L; Swift, RM, 2009)	0.58
" Most treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were mild to moderate; those occurring with cumulative incidence rates >10% in either seizure frequency group were paresthesia, fatigue, anorexia, dizziness, somnolence, headache, and hypoesthesia; 18."	( A multicenter, outpatient, open-label study to evaluate the dosing, effectiveness, and safety of topiramate as monotherapy in the treatment of epilepsy in clinical practice. Hulihan, J; McKay, A; Ramsay, E; Sankar, R; Wiegand, F, 2009)	0.57
"To investigate whether topiramate associated with mild or deep hypothermia in asphyxiated term infants is safe in relation to the short-term outcome."	( Oral topiramate in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia: a safety study. Cavallaro, G; Donzelli, G; Filippi, L; Fiorini, P; Furlanetto, S; Guerrini, R; la Marca, G; Plantulli, A; Poggi, C, 2010)	1.19
" A statistical comparison of the groups identified some differences in biochemical and hemodynamic variables, but no adverse effects attributable to topiramate were detected."	( Oral topiramate in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia: a safety study. Cavallaro, G; Donzelli, G; Filippi, L; Fiorini, P; Furlanetto, S; Guerrini, R; la Marca, G; Plantulli, A; Poggi, C, 2010)	1.07
"8%) and due to adverse events (13."	( Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of rapid initiation of topiramate versus phenytoin in patients with new-onset epilepsy: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Faught, E; Hulihan, J; Krumholz, A; Mao, L; Naritoku, D; Privitera, M; Ramsay, E; Schwarzman, L; Wiegand, F, 2010)	0.6
" Randomized controlled studies with at least 16 weeks of duration that report the effect of topiramate on weight loss and adverse events were eligible for inclusion."	( Efficacy and safety of topiramate on weight loss: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Azevedo, MJ; Canani, LH; Gross, JL; Kramer, CK; Leitão, CB; Pinto, LC, 2011)	0.9
"The serotonin toxicity (ST) is a potentially life-threatening adverse drug reaction results from therapeutic drug use, intentional self-poisoning, or inadvertent interactions between drugs."	( Serotonin toxicity: a short review of the literature and two case reports involving citalopram. Bruno, G; Canevelli, M; Lenzi, GL; Piacentini, E; Pietracupa, S; Talarico, G; Tosto, G, 2011)	0.37
"Drug-induced weight alteration can be a serious side effect that applies to several therapeutic agents and must be referred to in the respective approved labeling texts."	( Weight-reducing side effects of the antiepileptic agents topiramate and zonisamide. Antel, J; Hebebrand, J, 2012)	0.62
" This report presents an unusual adverse effect of topiramate on sleep in a patient with migraine."	( Topiramate-induced somnambulism in a migraineur: a probable idiosyncratic adverse effect. Mathew, T; Nadig, R; Sarma, GR; Varghese, R, 2012)	2.07
" Most common treatment emergent adverse events (≥10%) were upper respiratory tract infection, fever, vomiting, somnolence, and anorexia."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of adjunctive topiramate in infants (1-24 months) with refractory partial-onset seizures: a randomized, multicenter, open-label phase 1 study. Ford, L; Manitpisitkul, P; Ness, S; Shalayda, K; Todd, M; Wang, SS, 2013)	0.65
" Mild central nervous system cognitive adverse events and ataxia occurred between dosing and 2 h post dose with both intravenous and oral administration."	( Intravenous topiramate: comparison of pharmacokinetics and safety with the oral formulation in healthy volunteers. Brundage, RC; Clark, AM; Cloyd, JC; Kriel, RL; Leppik, IE; Marino, SE; Mishra, U, 2013)	0.77
"Seven patients experienced one or more of the following minor adverse events including nausea and vomiting (1), tingling around the lips (1), paresthesia in the arms and legs (1), and a mild vasovagal response with intravenous catheter placement (1)."	( Intravenous topiramate: safety and pharmacokinetics following a single dose in patients with epilepsy or migraines taking oral topiramate. Brundage, RC; Clark, AM; Cloyd, JC; Henry, TR; Kriel, RL; Leppik, IE; White, JR, 2013)	0.77
"A single 25-mg dose of intravenous topiramate caused minimal infusion site or systemic adverse effects in patients taking oral topiramate."	( Intravenous topiramate: safety and pharmacokinetics following a single dose in patients with epilepsy or migraines taking oral topiramate. Brundage, RC; Clark, AM; Cloyd, JC; Henry, TR; Kriel, RL; Leppik, IE; White, JR, 2013)	1.05
" Weight loss and numbness were common adverse effects in the topiramate group."	( Comparison of efficacy and safety of topiramate with gabapentin in migraine prophylaxis: randomized open label control trial. Ahmed, S; Alam, R; Khan, M; Zafar, I; Zain, S, 2013)	0.9
" Its adverse effects include somnolence, fatigue, paresthesia, anorexia and weight loss, and other abnormalities."	( Granuloma annulare as a possible new adverse effect of topiramate. Cassone, G; Tumiati, B, 2014)	0.65
" Due to its multiple mechanisms of action, topiramate has multiple potential safety issues, including systemic and CNS adverse events, which may complicate therapy."	( Safety of topiramate for treating migraines. Marmura, MJ, 2014)	1.07
"This review evaluates common adverse events as seen in the pivotal trials of topiramate for migraine as well as those observed in postmarketing studies."	( Safety of topiramate for treating migraines. Marmura, MJ, 2014)	1.03
"Topiramate is highly effective in migraine prophylaxis but clinicians using the drug need to be aware of the potential for bothersome or serious adverse events."	( Safety of topiramate for treating migraines. Marmura, MJ, 2014)	2.25
" However, in the existing studies PHEN/TPM ER had a superior weight loss profile to lorcaserin but the incidence of adverse effects was lower with lorcaserin."	( Tolerability and safety of the new anti-obesity medications. Aldhoon-Hainerová, I; Hainer, V, 2014)	0.4
" A high proportion of patients, however, experiences cognitive adverse events (CAEs), especially in verbal fluency, memory spans, and working memory."	( Cognitive adverse events of topiramate in patients with epilepsy and intellectual disability. Brandt, C; Lahr, D; May, TW, 2015)	0.71
" Thus, if following the appropriate guidelines according to package labels, the practitioner can feel safe in prescribing these medications."	( Safety and tolerability of medications approved for chronic weight management. Fujioka, K, 2015)	0.42
" The secondary outcomes included the respective change in the location, motor tasks/function and function disability scores, and adverse events."	( Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate for Essential Tremor: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Chang, KH; Chi, CC; Wang, SH, 2015)	0.73
" Adverse event (AE) data from epilepsy trials could be supplemented by data from trials in other indications."	( A systematic review of placebo-controlled trials of topiramate: How useful is a multiple-indications review for evaluating the adverse events of an antiepileptic drug? Dixon, P; Donegan, S; Hemming, K; Marson, A; Tudur-Smith, C, 2015)	0.67
" The primary objective was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of USL255 (including treatment-emergent adverse events [TEAEs])."	( Long-term safety and sustained efficacy of USL255 (topiramate extended-release capsules) in patients with refractory partial-onset seizures. Anders, B; Blatt, I; Chung, SS; Clark, AM; Halvorsen, MB; Hogan, RE; Lawson P, B; Nguyen, H, 2016)	0.69
" Across the entire 55-week treatment period, USL255 was generally safe and well tolerated, with low individual neurocognitive TEAE incidences."	( Long-term safety and sustained efficacy of USL255 (topiramate extended-release capsules) in patients with refractory partial-onset seizures. Anders, B; Blatt, I; Chung, SS; Clark, AM; Halvorsen, MB; Hogan, RE; Lawson P, B; Nguyen, H, 2016)	0.69
"The results of PREVAIL OLE are consistent with those from PREVAIL and demonstrate that adjunctive treatment with up to 400mg/day of USL255 may be a safe and effective treatment option for a variety of adult patients with refractory POS."	( Long-term safety and sustained efficacy of USL255 (topiramate extended-release capsules) in patients with refractory partial-onset seizures. Anders, B; Blatt, I; Chung, SS; Clark, AM; Halvorsen, MB; Hogan, RE; Lawson P, B; Nguyen, H, 2016)	0.69
"To compare weight loss and adverse events among drug treatments for obesity using a systematic review and network meta-analysis."	( Association of Pharmacological Treatments for Obesity With Weight Loss and Adverse Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Camilleri, M; Chandar, AK; Dulai, PS; Khera, R; Loomba, R; Murad, MH; Prokop, LJ; Singh, S; Wang, Z, 2016)	0.43
"Proportions of patients with at least 5% weight loss and at least 10% weight loss, magnitude of decrease in weight, and discontinuation of therapy because of adverse events at 1 year."	( Association of Pharmacological Treatments for Obesity With Weight Loss and Adverse Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Camilleri, M; Chandar, AK; Dulai, PS; Khera, R; Loomba, R; Murad, MH; Prokop, LJ; Singh, S; Wang, Z, 2016)	0.43
"35) were associated with the highest odds of adverse event-related treatment discontinuation."	( Association of Pharmacological Treatments for Obesity With Weight Loss and Adverse Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Camilleri, M; Chandar, AK; Dulai, PS; Khera, R; Loomba, R; Murad, MH; Prokop, LJ; Singh, S; Wang, Z, 2016)	0.43
"These results indicate that adjunctive topiramate to antipsychotics is an effective and safe treatment choice for symptomatic improvement and weight reduction in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders."	( Efficacy and safety of adjunctive topiramate for schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chiu, HF; Correll, CU; Li, XB; Ungvari, GS; Xiang, YQ; Xiang, YT; Zheng, W, 2016)	0.98
"Background The impact of adverse events (AEs) of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have an impact on compliance and dropouts."	( Antiepileptic drugs in migraine and epilepsy: Who is at increased risk of adverse events? Bedetti, C; Calabresi, P; Caproni, S; Corbelli, I; Costa, C; Cupini, LM; Eusebi, P; Romoli, M; Sarchielli, P; Siliquini, S, 2018)	0.48
" Summary effect for migraine headache days, headache frequency, at least 50% reduction in headache attacks, all-adverse events, nausea, somnolence, dizziness, withdrawal and withdrawal due to adverse events were produced by synthesizing both direct and indirect evidence."	( Unveiling the relative efficacy, safety and tolerability of prophylactic medications for migraine: pairwise and network-meta analysis. He, A; Li, C; Song, D; Zhang, L, 2017)	0.46
"Results of this pilot trial suggest that administration of TPM in newborns with HIE is safe but does not reduce the combined frequency of mortality and severe neurological disability."	( Safety and efficacy of topiramate in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia (NeoNATI): a feasibility study. Bancale, A; Bartalena, L; Berti, E; Boldrini, A; Catarzi, S; Cioni, G; Della Bona, ML; Donzelli, G; Falchi, M; Filippi, L; Fiorentini, E; Fiori, S; Fiorini, P; Giampietri, M; Guerrini, R; Guzzetta, A; la Marca, G; Landucci, E; Padrini, L; Pisano, T; Scaramuzzo, RT; Tinelli, F, 2018)	0.79
"Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is damage to liver occurring at recommended dose of a drug in contrast to toxic or predictable DILI."	( Topiramate-induced acute liver injury: A rare adverse effect. Hegde, D; Khivsara, A; Raj, JP; Rao, M, )	1.57
" In the LTG and TPM safety populations (n=245 versus n=125), treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported with LTG 68."	( Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of brivaracetam with concomitant lamotrigine or concomitant topiramate in pooled Phase III randomized, double-blind trials: A post-hoc analysis. Benbadis, S; Diaz, A; Elmoufti, S; Klein, P; Schiemann, J; Whitesides, J, 2018)	0.7
"Preclinical Research & Development Current drugs for obesity treatment have limited efficacy and considerable adverse effects."	( Anorectic efficacy and safety of the diethylpropion-topiramate combination in rats. Cortés-Moreno, GY; Del Valle-Laisequilla, CF; Huerta-Cruz, JC; Lara-Padilla, E; Reyes-García, JG; Roa-Coria, JE; Rocha-González, HI; Zúñiga-Romero, Á, 2018)	0.73
"Oxaliplatin (OHP) Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity (OIPN) is one of the dose-limiting toxicities of the drug and these adverse effects limit cancer therapy with L-OHP, used for colorectal cancer treatment."	( Topiramate prevents oxaliplatin-related axonal hyperexcitability and oxaliplatin induced peripheral neurotoxicity. Alberti, P; Ballarini, E; Canta, A; Cavaletti, G; Chiorazzi, A; Fumagalli, G; Marmiroli, P; Meregalli, C; Monza, L; Oggioni, N; Pozzi, E; Rodriguez-Menendez, V; Sancini, G, 2020)	2
"Primary outcomes were efficacy (ie, migraine frequency, number of migraine days, number of headache days, headache frequency, or headache index), safety (ie, treatment discontinuation owing to adverse events), and acceptability (ie, treatment discontinuation for any reason)."	( Efficacy, Safety, and Acceptability of Pharmacologic Treatments for Pediatric Migraine Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. Barthel, J; Berde, CB; Gaab, J; Koechlin, H; Kossowsky, J; Lam, TL; Linde, K; Locher, C; Meissner, K; Schwarzer, G, 2020)	0.56
"Despite safety concerns associated with topiramate use, the pattern of adverse events and signal analysis of antiepileptic drugs remain elusive."	( Topiramate-related adverse events: Pattern and signals in the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System, 2010-2017. Choi, J; Joung, KI; Park, M; Shin, JY; Yoon, D, 2020)	2.27
" However, they are costly and may have adverse effects in some individuals."	( Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Obesity Treatment: Where Do We Stand? Lee, SY; Tak, YJ, 2021)	0.62
" Adverse drug reactions could lead to early treatment discontinuation."	( Use of Topiramate in the Spectrum of Addictive and Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review Comparing Treatment Schemes, Efficacy, and Safety Features. Angerville, B; de Ternay, J; Derveaux, A; Jurek, L; Longuet, Y; Nourredine, M; Rolland, B, 2021)	1.08
"To understand the currently available post-marketing real-world evidence of the incidences of and discontinuations due to the BAEs of irritability, anger, and aggression in people with epilepsy (PWE) treated with the anti-seizure medications (ASMs) brivaracetam (BRV), levetiracetam (LEV), perampanel (PER), and topiramate (TPM), as well as behavioral adverse events (BAEs) in PWE switching from LEV to BRV."	( Behavioral adverse events with brivaracetam, levetiracetam, perampanel, and topiramate: A systematic review. Klein, P; Klitgaard, H; Laloyaux, C; Moseley, BD; Ricchetti-Masterson, K; Rosenow, F; Sirven, JI; Smith, B; Steinhoff, BJ; Stern, JM; Toledo, M; Villanueva, V; Zipfel, PA, 2021)	1.02
" Behavioral and psychiatric adverse events in PWE switching from LEV to BRV were summarized descriptively."	( Behavioral adverse events with brivaracetam, levetiracetam, perampanel, and topiramate: A systematic review. Klein, P; Klitgaard, H; Laloyaux, C; Moseley, BD; Ricchetti-Masterson, K; Rosenow, F; Sirven, JI; Smith, B; Steinhoff, BJ; Stern, JM; Toledo, M; Villanueva, V; Zipfel, PA, 2021)	0.85
"The study objective was to examine the association between phentermine/topiramate therapy and weight loss and adverse events in adults with overweight or obesity by meta-analysis and systematic review."	( Efficacy and Safety of Phentermine/Topiramate in Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Lai, C; Lei, XG; Ruan, JQ; Sun, Z; Yang, X, 2021)	1.13
" However, it increased the risk of nervous system-related adverse events."	( Efficacy and Safety of Phentermine/Topiramate in Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Lai, C; Lei, XG; Ruan, JQ; Sun, Z; Yang, X, 2021)	0.9
" The most common side effect was palpitations."	( Effects and side effects of migraine prophylaxis in children. Edem, P; Tekin, H, 2022)	0.72
" The most common side effect (20%) was weight loss (typically <5%)."	( Topiramate Is Safe for Refractory Neonatal Seizures: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Risk. Horn, PS; Natarajan, N; Pardo, AC; Rang, K; Thomas, CW; Vawter-Lee, M, 2022)	2.16
" Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing pharmacological interventions in children with obesity are scarce; therefore, we aimed to analyze the relative efficacy and adverse reactions of these drugs and compare the effects of each drug on body mass index (BMI)."	( Comparison of weight loss and adverse events of obesity drugs in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Liu, H; Wu, F; Xie, Y; Yin, S; Zhang, Q; Zhao, G, 2022)	0.72
" However, it was most associated with drug withdrawal due to adverse events while topiramate was least."	( Comparison of weight loss and adverse events of obesity drugs in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Liu, H; Wu, F; Xie, Y; Yin, S; Zhang, Q; Zhao, G, 2022)	0.95
" The mainstay of treatment is with multiple anti-seizure medications (ASMs); however, the ASMs themselves can be associated with psychobehavioural adverse events, and effects (negative or positive) on cognition and sleep."	( Psychobehavioural and Cognitive Adverse Events of Anti-Seizure Medications for the Treatment of Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies. Schubert-Bast, S; Strzelczyk, A, 2022)	0.72
"Topiramate (TPM) is effective for treating epilepsy, but executive dysfunction is a common side effect that could significantly affect everyday life."	( Evaluation of a Rapid Topiramate Titration Scheme for the Early Detection of Cognitive Side Effects. Elger, CE; Hansen, N; Helmstaedter, C; von Wrede, R; Widman, G; Witt, JA, 2022)	2.48
"To evaluate a rapid TPM titration scheme for the early detection of adverse cognitive side effects."	( Evaluation of a Rapid Topiramate Titration Scheme for the Early Detection of Cognitive Side Effects. Elger, CE; Hansen, N; Helmstaedter, C; von Wrede, R; Widman, G; Witt, JA, 2022)	1.04
"Physicians might be able to detect adverse cognitive side effects sooner in epilepsy patients if TPM is administered using a faster titration rate while applying repeated cognitive assessments within days."	( Evaluation of a Rapid Topiramate Titration Scheme for the Early Detection of Cognitive Side Effects. Elger, CE; Hansen, N; Helmstaedter, C; von Wrede, R; Widman, G; Witt, JA, 2022)	1.04
" While no clinically apparent adverse effects were observed, four out of eight cats developed subclinical anemia, calling into question the safety of topiramate XR with chronic administration."	( The pharmacokinetics of single oral dose extended-release topiramate and adverse effects after multi-dose administration in healthy cats. Foss, KD; Graham, LT; Hague, DW; Li, Z; Reinhart, JM; Smith, KM, 2023)	1.35
" Among the novel antiseizure medications (ASM), Perampanel (PER), Levetiracetam (LEV), and Topiramate (TPM) have been reported to have a relatively high frequency of psychiatric adverse events."	( [Psychiatric Symptoms of Patients With Epilepsy: Characteristics of Psychiatric Adverse Events by Novel Antiepileptic Medications]. Hasegawa, N; Kanemoto, K; Nishida, T, 2023)	1.13
"0001), with similar serious adverse event rates (2."	( Combining transoral outlet reduction with pharmacotherapy yields similar 1-year efficacy with improved safety compared with surgical revision for weight regain after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (with videos). Jirapinyo, P; Thompson, CC, 2023)	0.91
" Therefore, knowledge about the typical adverse events (AEs) for ASMs and other coadministered drugs (CDs) is essential for practitioners and patients."	( Adverse Event Profiles of Antiseizure Medications and the Impact of Coadministration on Drug Tolerability in Adults with Epilepsy. Knake, S; Kovac, S; Rosenow, F; Strzelczyk, A; van der Goten, M; von Podewils, F; Willems, LM; Zöllner, JP, 2023)	0.91

Pharmacokinetics

Oral topiramate is eliminated primarily in the urine in an unchanged form with a half-life of 20 to 30 hours. Elimination is faster in patients receiving concurrent medication with enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants, in whom the extent of biotransformation becomes more prominent.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The mean topiramate Cmax values increased in a dose-proportional manner for both single (9."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of topiramate in the beagle dog. Holland, ML; Pritchard, JF; Stahle, PL; Streeter, AJ; Takacs, AR, 1995)	0.96
" Three of the new drugs, gabapentin, topiramate and vigabatrin, are more promising on the basis of their pharmacokinetic features."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of the newer antiepileptic drugs. Bialer, M, 1993)	0.56
"Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in broad use today have a number of pharmacokinetic liabilities, including a propensity for clinically meaningful drug interactions."	( Pharmacokinetic profile of topiramate in comparison with other new antiepileptic drugs. Perucca, E, 1996)	0.59
"We studied the steady-state pharmacokinetic profile of topiramate (TPM) as a function of dose and the effects of comedication with carbamazepine (CBZ)."	( Steady-state pharmacokinetics of topiramate and carbamazepine in patients with epilepsy during monotherapy and concomitant therapy. Doose, DR; Kramer, LD; Nayak, RK; Sachdeo, RC; Sachdeo, SK; Walker, SA, 1996)	0.82
" Adjusting the CBZ dose for pharmacokinetic reasons when TPM is administered as adjunctive treatment does not appear to be necessary."	( Steady-state pharmacokinetics of topiramate and carbamazepine in patients with epilepsy during monotherapy and concomitant therapy. Doose, DR; Kramer, LD; Nayak, RK; Sachdeo, RC; Sachdeo, SK; Walker, SA, 1996)	0.58
" When used as a monotherapy, topiramate is eliminated primarily in the urine in an unchanged form with a half-life of 20 to 30 hours; elimination is faster in patients receiving concurrent medication with enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants, in whom the extent of biotransformation becomes more prominent."	( The clinical pharmacokinetics of the newer antiepileptic drugs. Focus on topiramate, zonisamide and tiagabine. Bialer, M; Perucca, E, 1996)	0.82
"Topiramate, a new antiepileptic drug effective in controlling partial-onset seizures, was administered to humans for the first time as single oral doses of 100 mg, 200 mg, 400 mg, 800 mg, and 1,200 mg in a phase I safety and pharmacokinetic study."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics and effect of food on the bioavailability of topiramate, a novel antiepileptic drug. Doose, DR; Gisclon, LG; Nayak, RK; Walker, SA, 1996)	1.97
"This article surveys the pharmacokinetic parameters for the new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs): felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, tiagabine, topiramate, and vigabatrin."	( Pharmacokinetics of new antiepileptic drugs. Gram, L, 1996)	0.49
" None of the norethindrone pharmacokinetic parameters changed significantly in the presence of topiramate."	( Effect of topiramate on the pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive containing norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol in patients with epilepsy. Doose, DR; Nayak, RK; Rosenfeld, WE; Walker, SA, 1997)	0.92
"The steady-state pharmacokinetics of valproate (VPA) and topiramate (TPM) were compared during VPA monotherapy, concomitant VPA and TPM therapy, and TPM monotherapy to evaluate pharmacokinetic interactions."	( Comparison of the steady-state pharmacokinetics of topiramate and valproate in patients with epilepsy during monotherapy and concomitant therapy. Anderson, G; Kramer, LD; Levy, RH; Liao, S; Nayak, RK; Palmer, M; Rosenfeld, WE, 1997)	0.79
" TPM plasma peak concentration (C(max)) and area under the concentration-versus-time curve during a 12-h dosing interval (AUC(0-12)) were slightly higher (17%; n = 8) during TPM monotherapy than during concomitant VPA therapy."	( Comparison of the steady-state pharmacokinetics of topiramate and valproate in patients with epilepsy during monotherapy and concomitant therapy. Anderson, G; Kramer, LD; Levy, RH; Liao, S; Nayak, RK; Palmer, M; Rosenfeld, WE, 1997)	0.55
"Standard antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have a number of pharmacokinetic shortcomings, and AEDs with more favorable profiles would be preferred."	( Pharmacokinetics and interaction profile of topiramate: review and comparison with other newer antiepileptic drugs. Johannessen, SI, 1997)	0.56
" It has a favourable pharmacokinetic profile with rapid absorption, good bio-availability, linear pharmacokinetics, relatively long half-life and limited pharmacokinetic drug interactions."	( Topiramate: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Schneiderman, JH, 1998)	1.74
" TPM CL/F was higher and the calculated half-life shorter in the infants receiving concomitant enzyme-inducing AEDs."	( Topiramate pharmacokinetics in infants. Clark, P; Doose, DR; Glauser, TA; McGee, K; Miles, MV; Tang, P, 1999)	1.75
"The pharmacokinetic and safety profile of topiramate as adjunctive therapy was assessed in pediatric patients with epilepsy in an open-label, 4-week, single-center study."	( A study of topiramate pharmacokinetics and tolerability in children with epilepsy. Baldassarre, JS; Doose, DR; Reife, RA; Rosenfeld, WE; Walker, SA, 1999)	0.96
" For all drugs that are metabolized, half-life is shortened and clearance is increased when patients receive concomitant enzyme-inducing agents such as barbiturates, phenytoin, and carbamazepine."	( The clinical pharmacokinetics of the new antiepileptic drugs. Perucca, E, 1999)	0.3
"In this overview, we discuss the discovery and development of topiramate (TPM) as an anticonvulsant, including notable aspects of its chemical, biologic, and pharmacokinetic properties."	( An overview of the preclinical aspects of topiramate: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and mechanism of action. Gardocki, JF; Maryanoff, BE; Shank, RP; Streeter, AJ, 2000)	0.81
" In the meantime, a review of the established pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activities of these agents is the first step in defining their optimal uses and limitations in the psychiatric setting."	( Pharmacokinetics of new anticonvulsants in psychiatry. Morris, HH, 1998)	0.3
"To evaluate the potential pharmacokinetic interactions between topiramate (TPM) and phenytoin (PHT) in patients with epilepsy by studying their pharmacokinetics (PK) after monotherapy and concomitant TPM/PHT treatment."	( Topiramate and phenytoin pharmacokinetics during repetitive monotherapy and combination therapy to epileptic patients. Bialer, M; Bishop, FE; Curtin, CR; Doose, DR; Gisclon, LG; Kunze, KL; Levy, RH; Mather, GG; Roskos, LK; Sachdeo, RC; Sachdeo, SK; Shen, DD; Streeter, AJ; Thummel, KE; Trager, WF, 2002)	2
"To study the pharmacokinetics of a combination oral contraceptive (OC) containing norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol during OC monotherapy, concomitant OC and topiramate (TPM) therapy, and concomitant OC and carbamazepine (CBZ) therapy in order to comparatively evaluate the pharmacokinetic interaction, which may cause contraceptive failure."	( Effect of topiramate or carbamazepine on the pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive containing norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol in healthy obese and nonobese female subjects. Bialer, M; Doose, DR; Jacobs, D; Padmanabhan, M; Schwabe, S; Wang, SS, 2003)	0.92
" The similarity of CL/F values also was reflected by the similar exposure (AUCss), Cmax, and Cmin values of TPM in the absence, and presence of LTG."	( Topiramate and lamotrigine pharmacokinetics during repetitive monotherapy and combination therapy in epilepsy patients. Berry, DJ; Bialer, M; Brodie, MJ; Chadwick, D; Doose, DR; Oxbury, J; Schwabe, S; Wilson, EA, 2003)	1.76
"The pharmacokinetic properties of a drug are the primary deter-minant of the extent and duration of drug action, and influence susceptibility to clinically important drug interactions."	( The ideal pharmacokinetic properties of an antiepileptic drug: how close does levetiracetam come? Johannessen, SI; Perucca, E, 2003)	0.32
" Plasma topiramate concentrations following an intravenous dose were best described by a bi-exponential equation, with a mean clearance of 39+/-18 ml/h/kg, and a terminal half-life of 14."	( The plasma pharmacokinetics and cerebral spinal fluid penetration of intravenous topiramate in newborn pigs. Adamson, PC; Galinkin, JL; Kurth, CD; Loepke, AW; Priestley, MA; Shi, H, 2004)	0.98
" The pharmacokinetic profile of intravenously administered topiramate, including its penetration into the CSF, appears to achieve this goal."	( The plasma pharmacokinetics and cerebral spinal fluid penetration of intravenous topiramate in newborn pigs. Adamson, PC; Galinkin, JL; Kurth, CD; Loepke, AW; Priestley, MA; Shi, H, 2004)	0.79
" The pharmacokinetics of topiramate are characterised by linear pharmacokinetics over the dose range 100-800 mg, low oral clearance (22-36 mL/min), which, in monotherapy, is predominantly through renal excretion (renal clearance 10-20 mL/min), and a long half-life (19-25 hours), which is reduced when coadministered with inducing AEDs such as phenytoin, phenobarbital and carbamazepine."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions of topiramate. Bialer, M; Curtin, C; Doose, DR; Murthy, B; Schwabe, S; Twyman, RE; Wang, SS, 2004)	0.91
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by a noncompartmental method."	( Topiramate pharmacokinetics in children with epilepsy aged from 6 months to 4 years. Bouhours, P; Chiron, C; d'Athis, P; Dulac, O; Echenne, B; Grinspan, A; Mikaeloff, Y; Pons, G; Rey, E; Soufflet, C; Vallée, L, 2004)	1.77
" This contributes to the lower oral clearance (CL/F), apparent volume of distribution (Vss/F) and longer half-life (t(1/2)) that TPM has in blood compared to the CL/F, Vss/F and t(1/2), estimated from plasma data."	( Plasma and whole blood pharmacokinetics of topiramate: the role of carbonic anhydrase. Bialer, M; Doose, DR; Shank, RP; Streeter, AJ, 2005)	0.59
" However, these combinations were associated with significant pharmacokinetic interactions, in that LCZ increased brain TPM (94%), OXC (21%), FBM (46%), and LTG (8%) concentrations."	( Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interaction studies of loreclezole with felbamate, lamotrigine, topiramate, and oxcarbazepine in the mouse maximal electroshock seizure model. Czuczwar, SJ; Luszczki, JJ; Patsalos, PN; Ratnaraj, N, 2005)	0.54
" However, these conclusions are confounded by the fact that LCZ is associated with significant pharmacokinetic interactions."	( Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interaction studies of loreclezole with felbamate, lamotrigine, topiramate, and oxcarbazepine in the mouse maximal electroshock seizure model. Czuczwar, SJ; Luszczki, JJ; Patsalos, PN; Ratnaraj, N, 2005)	0.54
"Retrospective, case-matched pharmacokinetic evaluation."	( Topiramate pharmacokinetics in children and adults with epilepsy: a case-matched comparison based on therapeutic drug monitoring data. Battino, D; Croci, D; Mamoli, D; Messina, S; Perucca, E; Rossini, A, 2005)	1.77
" VPA was not found to have any clinically significant influence on TPM pharmacokinetic and metabolic profiles."	( A comparative study of the effect of carbamazepine and valproic acid on the pharmacokinetics and metabolic profile of topiramate at steady state in patients with epilepsy. Bialer, M; Britzi, M; Doose, DR; Gatti, G; La Neve, A; Levy, RH; Maryanoff, BE; Mimrod, D; Perucca, E; Soback, S; Specchio, LM; Specchio, N, 2005)	0.54
"The aim of the study was to obtain pharmacokinetic data for carbamazepine (CBZ) and its fractions not bound with proteins in bitherapy with lamotrigine (LTG), topiramate (TPM), vigabatrin (VGB) or valproic acid (VPA) in children and adolescents treated for epilepsy."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions of carbamazepine with some antiepileptic drugs during epilepsy treatment in children and adolescents. Steinborn, B, 2005)	0.53
" For pharmacokinetic calculations of total and free CBZ, one-compartment model was used according to standardized procedure."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions of carbamazepine with some antiepileptic drugs during epilepsy treatment in children and adolescents. Steinborn, B, 2005)	0.33
"No significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters of unbound CBZ in four groups of patients on bitherapy with CBZ and LTG, TPM, VGB or VPA were found."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions of carbamazepine with some antiepileptic drugs during epilepsy treatment in children and adolescents. Steinborn, B, 2005)	0.33
" For drugs that are eliminated renally completely unchanged (gabapentin, pregabalin and vigabatrin) or mainly unchanged (levetiracetam and topiramate), the pharmacokinetic variability is less pronounced and more predictable."	( Pharmacokinetic variability of newer antiepileptic drugs: when is monitoring needed? Johannessen, SI; Tomson, T, 2006)	0.54
" To evaluate pharmacokinetic characteristics of interaction between topiramate and aminophylline, total brain concentrations of topiramate and theophylline were estimated with fluorescence polarization immunoassay technique."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of aminophylline and topiramate in the mouse maximal electroshock-induced seizure model. Czuczwar, SJ; Jankiewicz, K; Jankiewicz, M; Luszczki, JJ, 2007)	0.81
"A rapid, simple and validated liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometric method (LC-MS/MS) for topiramate analysis in human plasma has been applied to pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies in 24 healthy male Korean volunteers."	( Determination of plasma topiramate concentration using LC-MS/MS for pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies in healthy Korean volunteers. Kang, JS; Kim, JM; Lee, MH; Lee, SJ; Park, JH; Park, YS; Rhim, SY; Shaw, LM; Song, JC, 2008)	0.86
" TPM, a sulfamate derivative of the naturally occurring sugar D-fructose, possesses several pharmacodynamic properties that may contribute to its clinically useful attributes, and to its observed adverse effects."	( Molecular pharmacodynamics, clinical therapeutics, and pharmacokinetics of topiramate. Maryanoff, BE; Shank, RP, 2008)	0.58
" Having a unique monosaccharide chemical structure among other anticonvulsant drugs, characterizes it with special pharmacokinetic features."	( [Current clinical evidence on topiramate pharmacokinetics]. Grabnar, I; Jakovljević, M; Janković, S; Jozef, M; Vovk, T, )	0.42
" It seems that both anticonvulsant effect exerted by riluzole and proconvulsant effect exerted by topiramate in pilocarpine model of seizures are due to a pharmacokinetic interaction."	( Evidences for pharmacokinetic interaction of riluzole and topiramate with pilocarpine in pilocarpine-induced seizures in rats. Brzana, W; Czuczwar, M; Kiś, J; Nieoczym, D; Turski, WA; Wlaź, P; Zgrajka, W, 2010)	0.82
" The primary objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction between eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) 1200 mg once daily and topiramate (TPM) 200 mg once daily in healthy subjects."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction study between eslicarbazepine acetate and topiramate in healthy subjects. Almeida, L; Brunet, JS; Falcão, A; Lefebvre, M; Nunes, T; Rocha, JF; Sicard, E; Soares-da-Silva, P, 2010)	0.79
" However, there was no difference between TPM elimination half-life following TPM co-administered with ESL and TPM administered alone (24."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction study between eslicarbazepine acetate and topiramate in healthy subjects. Almeida, L; Brunet, JS; Falcão, A; Lefebvre, M; Nunes, T; Rocha, JF; Sicard, E; Soares-da-Silva, P, 2010)	0.59
" The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of topiramate to assist dosage adjustments in individual patients."	( A nonlinear mixed effects modelling analysis of topiramate pharmacokinetics in patients with epilepsy. Grabnar, I; Jakovljević, MB; Janković, SM; Kos, MK; Mrhar, A; Vovk, T, 2010)	0.85
"The population pharmacokinetic model developed for TPM, with/without enzyme inducer antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs) in children was used to determine dosage regimens providing AUC and trough concentrations (C(trough)s) within the adult ranges."	( Topiramate pharmacokinetics in infants and young children: contribution of population analysis. Bouillon-Pichault, M; Chhun, S; Chiron, C; Dulac, O; Jullien, V; Nabbout, R; Pons, G; Rey, E, 2011)	1.81
"Pregnancy is associated with various physiological changes that may lead to significant alterations in the pharmacokinetic profiles of many drugs."	( Effect of pregnancy on topiramate pharmacokinetics in rabbits. Marafie, NA; Matar, KM, 2011)	0.68
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental methods."	( Comparative pharmacokinetic analysis of USL255, a new once-daily extended-release formulation of topiramate. Bialer, M; Halvorsen, MB; Lambrecht, LJ; Shekh-Ahmad, T; Todd, WM, 2011)	0.59
"USL255 fasted pharmacokinetic parameters [point estimate (90% confidence interval, CI) compared to Topamax] were: relative bioavailability (F) 91."	( Comparative pharmacokinetic analysis of USL255, a new once-daily extended-release formulation of topiramate. Bialer, M; Halvorsen, MB; Lambrecht, LJ; Shekh-Ahmad, T; Todd, WM, 2011)	0.59
" There is still insufficient documentation regarding pharmacokinetic variability of these AEDs in different patient groups."	( Pharmacokinetic variability of four newer antiepileptic drugs, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, and topiramate: a comparison of the impact of age and comedication. Baftiu, A; Johannessen Landmark, C; Johannessen, SI; Larsson, PG; Rytter, E; Tysse, I; Valsø, B, 2012)	0.59
"The purpose of this study was to compare age and comedication as factors contributing to pharmacokinetic variability between 4 newer AEDs (lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, and topiramate) among patients with refractory epilepsy."	( Pharmacokinetic variability of four newer antiepileptic drugs, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, and topiramate: a comparison of the impact of age and comedication. Baftiu, A; Johannessen Landmark, C; Johannessen, SI; Larsson, PG; Rytter, E; Tysse, I; Valsø, B, 2012)	0.78
" The interindividual pharmacokinetic variability was extensive, as illustrated by a 10-fold variability in serum concentration compared with dose."	( Pharmacokinetic variability of four newer antiepileptic drugs, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, and topiramate: a comparison of the impact of age and comedication. Baftiu, A; Johannessen Landmark, C; Johannessen, SI; Larsson, PG; Rytter, E; Tysse, I; Valsø, B, 2012)	0.59
"Age and comedication are important contributors to pharmacokinetic variability."	( Pharmacokinetic variability of four newer antiepileptic drugs, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, and topiramate: a comparison of the impact of age and comedication. Baftiu, A; Johannessen Landmark, C; Johannessen, SI; Larsson, PG; Rytter, E; Tysse, I; Valsø, B, 2012)	0.59
" Following seven consecutive days of topiramate administration at the target dose, four blood samples were collected from each infant for pharmacokinetic assessments (predose, 1-3, 4-6, and 8-10 h postdose)."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of adjunctive topiramate in infants (1-24 months) with refractory partial-onset seizures: a randomized, multicenter, open-label phase 1 study. Ford, L; Manitpisitkul, P; Ness, S; Shalayda, K; Todd, M; Wang, SS, 2013)	0.93
" Complete pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained in 35 infants in whom mean plasma topiramate concentration-time profiles demonstrated linear pharmacokinetics (predose topiramate concentrations [C(trough) ] and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 through 12 h [AUC(12 h)]) of topiramate over the dose range studied)."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of adjunctive topiramate in infants (1-24 months) with refractory partial-onset seizures: a randomized, multicenter, open-label phase 1 study. Ford, L; Manitpisitkul, P; Ness, S; Shalayda, K; Todd, M; Wang, SS, 2013)	0.88
" The half-life values were 42."	( Intravenous topiramate: comparison of pharmacokinetics and safety with the oral formulation in healthy volunteers. Brundage, RC; Clark, AM; Cloyd, JC; Kriel, RL; Leppik, IE; Marino, SE; Mishra, U, 2013)	0.77
" Pharmacokinetic results show that oral topiramate is completely absorbed and that its steady-state elimination half-life is longer than previously assumed, which permits once or twice daily dosing even in the presence of enzyme-inducing drugs."	( Intravenous topiramate: safety and pharmacokinetics following a single dose in patients with epilepsy or migraines taking oral topiramate. Brundage, RC; Clark, AM; Cloyd, JC; Henry, TR; Kriel, RL; Leppik, IE; White, JR, 2013)	1.04
"Compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of immediate- and extended-release formulations of topiramate (TPM) in healthy subjects following multiple dosing, and evaluate maintenance of topiramate exposures after switching formulations."	( Comparative steady-state pharmacokinetic evaluation of immediate-release topiramate and USL255, a once-daily extended-release topiramate formulation. Bialer, M; Braun, TL; Halvorsen, MB; Shekh-Ahmad, T, 2013)	0.84
", AUC0-24 , Cmax , Cmin ) as well as less common PK criteria such as fluctuation index (FI), peak occupancy time (POT), and percent coefficient of variation (%CV)."	( Comparative steady-state pharmacokinetic evaluation of immediate-release topiramate and USL255, a once-daily extended-release topiramate formulation. Bialer, M; Braun, TL; Halvorsen, MB; Shekh-Ahmad, T, 2013)	0.62
"The objective of the study was to develop population pharmacokinetic model of topiramate (TPM) using nonlinear mixed effects modelling approach."	( Population pharmacokinetics of topiramate in adult patients with epilepsy using nonlinear mixed effects modelling. Grabnar, I; Jovanović, M; Miljković, B; Prostran, M; Sokić, D; Vovk, T; Vučićević, K, 2013)	0.9
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by model-independent methods."	( An open-label drug-drug interaction study of the steady-state pharmacokinetics of topiramate and glyburide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curtin, CR; Ford, L; Heald, DL; Manitpisitkul, P; Shalayda, K; Wang, SS, 2013)	0.62
" Dose proportionality, linearity, and intersubject and intrasubject variability (coefficient of variation [%CV]) of AUC and Cmax were evaluated."	( USL255 extended-release topiramate: dose-proportional pharmacokinetics and tolerability in healthy volunteers. Braun, TL; Clark, AM; Cloyd, JC; Halvorsen, MB; Johnson, KM, 2014)	0.71
" AUC was dose proportional from 25-1,400 mg, and Cmax was dose proportional from 50-1,400 mg; both AUC and Cmax were linear across the entire dose range."	( USL255 extended-release topiramate: dose-proportional pharmacokinetics and tolerability in healthy volunteers. Braun, TL; Clark, AM; Cloyd, JC; Halvorsen, MB; Johnson, KM, 2014)	0.71
" Both conditions failed to cause a significant effect on Cmax or Tmax."	( Effect of experimentally induced hepatic and renal failure on the pharmacokinetics of topiramate in rats. Matar, KM; Tayem, YI, 2014)	0.63
"The present study aimed to establish population pharmacokinetic model for phenobarbital (PB), examining and quantifying the magnitude of PB interactions with other antiepileptic drugs concomitantly used and to demonstrate its use for individualization of PB dosing regimen in adult epileptic patients."	( Nonlinear mixed effects modelling approach in investigating phenobarbital pharmacokinetic interactions in epileptic patients. Golubović, B; Jovanović, M; Kovačević, SV; Martinović, Ž; Miljković, B; Prostran, M; Vučićević, K, 2015)	0.42
" The simple and robust LC/MS/MS method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of phentermine and topiramate in a pharmacokinetic study in healthy male Chinese volunteers."	( Simultaneous determination of phentermine and topiramate in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with positive/negative ion-switching electrospray ionization and its application in pharmacokinetic study. Chen, H; Haseeb, S; He, X; Li, H; Li, W; Ni, Y; Xu, M; Zhou, Y, 2015)	0.88
"Computer simulation was used to assess the impact of irregular dosing on topiramate (TPM) concentrations in noninduced (monotherapy/neutral cotherapy) and induced (adjunctive therapy with enzyme-inducing AEDs) states using a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model developed to predict steady-state plasma concentration-time profiles produced by once-daily Trokendi XR (extended-release topiramate capsules, Supernus Pharmaceuticals) and BID TPM-IR."	( Pharmacokinetic simulations of topiramate plasma concentrations following dosing irregularities with extended-release vs. immediate-release formulations. Brittain, ST; Wheless, JW, 2015)	0.93
"Computer simulations predicted that, relative to adherent dosing, delaying a dose 4 to 24h in noninduced patients would decrease trough (Cmin) levels 9% to 31% in the case of TPM-IR and 6% to 27% with Trokendi XR; a single omitted dose would reduce Cmin by 21% (TPM-IR) and 27% (Trokendi XR)."	( Pharmacokinetic simulations of topiramate plasma concentrations following dosing irregularities with extended-release vs. immediate-release formulations. Brittain, ST; Wheless, JW, 2015)	0.7
" The pharmacokinetic parameters for topiramate, diltiazem (and active metabolites, desacetyldiltiazem [DEA], N-demethyl diltiazem [DEM]), hydrochlorothiazide, and propranolol (and its active metabolite) were assessed at steady state."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions between topiramate and diltiazem, hydrochlorothiazide, or propranolol. Curtin, CR; Ford, L; Heald, D; Manitpisitkul, P; Shalayda, K; Wang, SS, 2014)	0.95
" A population pharmacokinetic (PPK) analysis was performed to improve the topiramate dosage adjustment for individualized treatment."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Topiramate in Japanese Pediatric and Adult Patients With Epilepsy Using Routinely Monitored Data. Ikeda, A; Ito, S; Matsubara, K; Sugimoto, M; Takeuchi, M; Yamamoto, S; Yano, I; Yonezawa, A, 2017)	0.97
"Background Valproic acid is one of several antiepileptic medications requiring therapeutic drug monitoring due to its complex and wide pharmacokinetic interindividual variability."	( Estimation of apparent clearance of valproic acid in adult Saudi patients. Alandas, N; Alqahtani, S; Alsultan, A, 2019)	0.51
" A total of 451 topiramate serum concentrations obtained in the patients were used to develop a population pharmacokinetic model using a non-linear mixed-effects modelling approach."	( Topiramate pharmacokinetics in neonates undergoing therapeutic hypothermia and proposal of an optimised dosing schedule. Garcia-Robles, A; Mangas-Sanjuan, V; Marques, MR; Peris, JE; Poveda, JL; Usach, I; Vento, M, 2020)	2.35
" Serum and brain levels of antiepileptic drugs and cannabidiol were determined by using HPLC in order to ascertain any pharmacokinetic contribution to the observed behavioral effects."	( Acute effect of cannabidiol on the activity of various novel antiepileptic drugs in the maximal electroshock- and 6 Hz-induced seizures in mice: Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies. Nieoczym, D; Socała, K; Szafarz, M; Wlaź, P; Wyska, E, 2019)	0.51
"To assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic characteristics of VI-0521, a fixed-dose combination of immediate-release phentermine (PHEN) and extended-release topiramate (TPM) in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years with obesity, and to report weight loss and adverse events using this drug combination."	( A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of a fixed-dose combination of phentermine/topiramate in adolescents with obesity. Farhat, N; Gosselin, NH; Hsia, DS; Marier, JF; Peterson, C; Shih, W; Siegel, R; Williams, J, 2020)	0.96
" Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and brain drug uptake study was carried out using wistar albino rats post intranasal and oral administration."	( Intranasal delivery of topiramate nanoemulsion: Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and brain uptake studies. Parikh, RH; Patel, RJ, 2020)	0.87
" Topiramate has been used sparingly in veterinary medicine, and limited pharmacokinetic studies have focused on immediate release formulations in dogs."	( The pharmacokinetics of single oral dose extended-release topiramate and adverse effects after multi-dose administration in healthy cats. Foss, KD; Graham, LT; Hague, DW; Li, Z; Reinhart, JM; Smith, KM, 2023)	2.06
" This open-label, single-center, 2-cohort, phase 1 trial evaluated the potential pharmacokinetic (PK) 2-way drug-drug interactions (DDIs), safety, and tolerability of atogepant and topiramate in healthy adults."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Coadministered Atogepant and Topiramate in Healthy Participants: A Phase 1, Open-Label, Drug-Drug Interaction Study. Boinpally, R; Borbridge, L; McGeeney, D; Trugman, J, 2023)	1.34

Compound-Compound Interactions

High-dose topiramate combined with lidocaine or phenobarbital might be an effective treatment option for children with AERRPS. This open-label, single-center, 2-cohort, phase 1 trial evaluated the potential pharmacokinetic (PK) 2-way drug-drug interactions.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of topiramate and divalproex in combination with risperidone for treating acute mania patients in a naturalistic treatment setting."	( Topiramate and divalproex in combination with risperidone for acute mania: a randomized open-label study. Bahk, WM; Choi, SK; Chung, SK; Jon, DI; Lee, JS; Pae, CU; Paik, IH; Shin, YC; Woo, JM; Yoon, BH, 2005)	2
" Seizures in three patients were stopped after high-dose lidocaine infusion (6-8 mg/kg/h) in the acute stage and three patients were stopped after high dose phenobarbital (serum level 60-80 ug/mL) combined with high-dose oral topiramate (15-20 mg/kg/day)."	( Effect of topiramate, in combination with lidocaine, and phenobarbital, in acute encephalitis with refractory repetitive partial seizures. Hsia, SH; Lin, JJ; Lin, KL; Wang, HS; Wu, CT, 2009)	0.94
" High-dose topiramate combined with high-dose lidocaine infusion or high-dose phenobarbital in the acute stage might be an effective treatment option for children with AERRPS."	( Effect of topiramate, in combination with lidocaine, and phenobarbital, in acute encephalitis with refractory repetitive partial seizures. Hsia, SH; Lin, JJ; Lin, KL; Wang, HS; Wu, CT, 2009)	1.15
" Here, using intracellular recording in vitro, we investigated the effects of topiramate on glutamatergic neurotransmission in the rat mPFC, both when given alone and in combination with raclopride or clozapine."	( Differential effects of topiramate on prefrontal glutamatergic transmission when combined with raclopride or clozapine. Jardemark, KE; Konradsson, A; Marcus, MM; Schilström, B; Svensson, TH, 2009)	0.89
"We tested the effects of intra-lateral septal infusions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) combined with systemic injections of topiramate in the DRL-72s paradigm and the elevated plus-maze test in male Wistar rats."	( Antidepressant-like or anxiolytic-like actions of topiramate alone or co-administered with intra-lateral septal infusions of neuropeptide Y in male Wistar rats. Jaramillo, MT; Molina-Hernández, M; Olivera-Lopez, JI; Téllez-Alcántara, NP, 2010)	0.82
"Topiramate was administered alone or combined with 17β-estradiol to ovariectomized rats submitted to the FST."	( The antidepressant-like effects of topiramate alone or combined with 17β-estradiol in ovariectomized Wistar rats submitted to the forced swimming test. Jaramillo, MT; Molina-Hernández, M; Olivera-López, JI; Téllez-Alcántara, NP, 2014)	2.12
" In the open field test, topiramate alone or combined with 17β-estradiol (P < 0."	( The antidepressant-like effects of topiramate alone or combined with 17β-estradiol in ovariectomized Wistar rats submitted to the forced swimming test. Jaramillo, MT; Molina-Hernández, M; Olivera-López, JI; Téllez-Alcántara, NP, 2014)	0.98
"Topiramate alone or combined with 17β-estradiol produced antidepressant-like actions; and 17β-estradiol shortened the onset of the antidepressant-like effects of topiramate."	( The antidepressant-like effects of topiramate alone or combined with 17β-estradiol in ovariectomized Wistar rats submitted to the forced swimming test. Jaramillo, MT; Molina-Hernández, M; Olivera-López, JI; Téllez-Alcántara, NP, 2014)	2.12
" Because topiramate and antidiabetic drugs may be co-administered, the potential drug-drug interactions between topiramate and glyburide (glibenclamide), a commonly used sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent, was evaluated at steady state in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)."	( An open-label drug-drug interaction study of the steady-state pharmacokinetics of topiramate and glyburide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curtin, CR; Ford, L; Heald, DL; Manitpisitkul, P; Shalayda, K; Wang, SS, 2013)	1.03
"The multiple drug interactions in which CAIs are involved should be carefully considered when such drugs are used in combination with the drug classes mentioned above, as the risks of developing toxicity and serious side effects if the dosages are not adjusted are high."	( Drug interaction considerations in the therapeutic use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Supuran, CT, 2016)	0.43
" The goal of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of topiramate combined with cognitive restructuring for GD in a two-center, randomized, double-blind clinical trial."	( Topiramate Combined with Cognitive Restructuring for the Treatment of Gambling Disorder: A Two-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Bronstein, G; Carneiro, E; de Almeida Pinto, MG; de Brito, AM; Duque, A; Faertes, D; Fukugawa, V; Tavares, H; Vasconcellos, F, 2017)	2.14
" Since neuronal death following HIE occurs by a cascade of events triggered by activation of glutamate receptors, we used in vitro and in vivo models of HIE to examine whether the AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist topiramate and the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine could exert neuroprotective effects, alone or in combination with hypothermia."	( Neuroprotective effects of topiramate and memantine in combination with hypothermia in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in vitro and in vivo. Catarzi, S; Filippi, L; Gerace, E; Guerrini, R; Landucci, E; Pellegrini-Giampietro, DE, 2018)	0.96
"The current study evaluates the anticonvulsant effect low dose whole body gamma irradiation (LDR) alone or combined with topiramate against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions."	( Modulation of PTZ-induced convulsions in rats using topiramate alone or combined with low dose gamma irradiation: involving AKT/m-TOR pathway. Hassan, SHM; Kenawy, SA; Lotfy, DM; Safar, MM, 2022)	1.18
" This open-label, single-center, 2-cohort, phase 1 trial evaluated the potential pharmacokinetic (PK) 2-way drug-drug interactions (DDIs), safety, and tolerability of atogepant and topiramate in healthy adults."	( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Coadministered Atogepant and Topiramate in Healthy Participants: A Phase 1, Open-Label, Drug-Drug Interaction Study. Boinpally, R; Borbridge, L; McGeeney, D; Trugman, J, 2023)	1.34
"The aim of this study was to assess potential drug-drug interactions between highly purified cannabidiol (CBD) and anti-seizure medications (ASMs)."	( Final analysis of potential drug-drug interactions between highly purified cannabidiol and anti-seizure medications in an open-label expanded access program. Bebin, EM; Cutter, GR; Gaston, TE; Grayson, L; Szaflarski, JP, 2023)	0.91

Bioavailability

Topiramate is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, peak plasma levels being usually attained in 2-3 hours. Topiramate was rapidly absorbed, with a median time to maximal concentration of 1 h and an oral bioavailability of ~100%. Compared with twice-daily topiramine immediate release at the same total daily dose, topiramate XR provided bioequivalent exposure.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The absolute bioavailability of an oral dose of topiramate was estimated to be in the range of 27-59%, depending on the formulation."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of topiramate in the beagle dog. Holland, ML; Pritchard, JF; Stahle, PL; Streeter, AJ; Takacs, AR, 1995)	0.81
" It is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and negligibly bound to plasma proteins."	( The clinical pharmacokinetics of the newer antiepileptic drugs. Focus on topiramate, zonisamide and tiagabine. Bialer, M; Perucca, E, 1996)	0.53
" Topiramate is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, peak plasma levels being usually attained in 2-3 hours."	( A pharmacological and clinical review on topiramate, a new antiepileptic drug. Perucca, E, 1997)	1.47
" Oral topiramate has high bioavailability and low protein binding, and as monotherapy its half-life permits once- or twice-daily administration."	( Topiramate: a new antiepileptic drug. Markind, JE, 1998)	2.22
" After oral administration, absorption is rapid and relatively efficient for the new AEDs, the most notable exception being gabapentin, whose bioavailability decreases with increasing dosage."	( The clinical pharmacokinetics of the new antiepileptic drugs. Perucca, E, 1999)	0.3
"To determine the relative bioavailability and tolerability of a topiramate (TPM) suspension after rectal administration."	( Relative bioavailability of topiramate administered rectally. Birnbaum, AK; Cloyd, JC; Conway, JM; Kriel, RL, 2003)	0.85
" Relative bioavailability was determined by calculating the ratio of the dose-normalized area under the curve (AUC/D) for the rectal and oral doses."	( Relative bioavailability of topiramate administered rectally. Birnbaum, AK; Cloyd, JC; Conway, JM; Kriel, RL, 2003)	0.61
" In the study reported in this paper, we used cerebral microdialysis to provide a safe and efficient tool for continuous in vivo evaluation of bioavailability and pharmacologic efficacy of topiramate, a glutamate release inhibitor."	( Evaluation of topiramate neuroprotective effect in severe TBI using microdialysis. Alves, OL; Bullock, R; Clausen, T; Doyle, AJ; Gilman, C, 2003)	0.87
" Human oral bioavailability is an important pharmacokinetic property, which is directly related to the amount of drug available in the systemic circulation to exert pharmacological and therapeutic effects."	( Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability. Andricopulo, AD; Moda, TL; Montanari, CA, 2007)	0.34
" The bioavailability of R-licarbazepine was essentially bioequivalent."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction study between eslicarbazepine acetate and topiramate in healthy subjects. Almeida, L; Brunet, JS; Falcão, A; Lefebvre, M; Nunes, T; Rocha, JF; Sicard, E; Soares-da-Silva, P, 2010)	0.59
"Concomitant administration of eslicarbazepine acetate 1200 mg once daily and topiramate 200 mg once daily showed no significant change in exposure to eslicarbazepine but an 18% decrease in exposure to topiramate, most likely caused by a reduced bioavailability of topiramate."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction study between eslicarbazepine acetate and topiramate in healthy subjects. Almeida, L; Brunet, JS; Falcão, A; Lefebvre, M; Nunes, T; Rocha, JF; Sicard, E; Soares-da-Silva, P, 2010)	0.82
"Changes in bioavailability of anticonvulsant drugs such as topiramate may cause loss of or worsened seizure control."	( Relative bioavailability study with two oral formulations of topiramate using a validated UPLC-MS/MS method. Cáceres, D; Gamboa, A; Marchant, D; Moreno, I; Quiñones, L; Saavedra, I; Sasso, J; Tamayo, E; Varela, N, 2010)	0.85
"4h(-1) (124%) for the absorption rate constant."	( Topiramate pharmacokinetics in infants and young children: contribution of population analysis. Bouillon-Pichault, M; Chhun, S; Chiron, C; Dulac, O; Jullien, V; Nabbout, R; Pons, G; Rey, E, 2011)	1.81
"To compare the pharmacokinetics of USL255, a once-daily extended-release (ER) formulation of topiramate (TPM), with Topamax (immediate-release TPM) in healthy subjects after oral dosing and evaluate the effect of food on USL255 bioavailability and pharmacokinetics."	( Comparative pharmacokinetic analysis of USL255, a new once-daily extended-release formulation of topiramate. Bialer, M; Halvorsen, MB; Lambrecht, LJ; Shekh-Ahmad, T; Todd, WM, 2011)	0.81
"USL255 fasted pharmacokinetic parameters [point estimate (90% confidence interval, CI) compared to Topamax] were: relative bioavailability (F) 91."	( Comparative pharmacokinetic analysis of USL255, a new once-daily extended-release formulation of topiramate. Bialer, M; Halvorsen, MB; Lambrecht, LJ; Shekh-Ahmad, T; Todd, WM, 2011)	0.59
"Although bioequivalent to Topamax in extent of absorption, USL255 had a slower absorption rate as reflected in its lower C(max) and longer t(max), larger POT and longer t(1/2,eff), and similar R(ac) values to that of Topamax (q12 h)."	( Comparative pharmacokinetic analysis of USL255, a new once-daily extended-release formulation of topiramate. Bialer, M; Halvorsen, MB; Lambrecht, LJ; Shekh-Ahmad, T; Todd, WM, 2011)	0.59
"The aim of this study was to verify the values of maximal observed concentration (C max,obs) and the time, at which maximum concentration is observed (t max,obs) using the analysis of the absorption rate constant (k ab)."	( C (max) and t (max) verification using Fibonacci sequence and absorption rate. Borucka, B; Grabowski, T; Jaroszewski, JJ; Ziółkowski, H, 2013)	0.39
" The mean (±standard deviation) absolute oral bioavailability was 109% (±10."	( Intravenous topiramate: comparison of pharmacokinetics and safety with the oral formulation in healthy volunteers. Brundage, RC; Clark, AM; Cloyd, JC; Kriel, RL; Leppik, IE; Marino, SE; Mishra, U, 2013)	0.77
" It also discusses their utility in terms of bioavailability and half-life."	( Drugs currently in Phase II clinical trials for cocaine addiction. Kim, JH; Lawrence, AJ, 2014)	0.4
"Topiramate was rapidly absorbed, with a median time to maximal concentration of 1 h and an oral bioavailability of ~100%."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of intravenous and oral topiramate and its effect on phonemic fluency in adult healthy volunteers. Ahmed, GF; Birnbaum, AK; Brundage, RC; Clark, A; Cloyd, JC; Leppik, IE; Marino, SE; Pakhomov, SV, 2015)	2.1
" Compared with twice-daily topiramate immediate release at the same total daily dose, topiramate XR provided bioequivalent exposure, an extended absorption rate (permitting convenient once-daily dosing) and more constant therapeutic plasma concentrations (potentially minimizing topiramate-associated adverse events)."	( Topiramate Extended Release: A Review in Epilepsy. Hoy, SM, 2016)	2.17
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51

Dosage Studied

This was a 12 week, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The aim was to assess the preventative effects and estimate the optimal dosage of topiramate in drug-induced weight gain.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The ED50 values 4 h after oral dosing were 13."	( Topiramate: preclinical evaluation of structurally novel anticonvulsant. Davis, CB; Dodgson, SJ; Gardocki, JF; Maryanoff, BE; Nortey, SO; Raffa, RB; Schupsky, JJ; Shank, RP; Vaught, JL, )	1.57
" TPM was titrated either to the target dosage of 800 mg/ day [400 mg twice daily (b."	( Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of topiramate as add-on therapy in patients with refractory partial seizures. Ben-Menachem, E; Dam, M; Henriksen, O; Karim, R; Kramer, L; Mikkelsen, M; Pledger, G; Reid, S; Reife, R; Schmidt, D, 1996)	0.56
" TPM was added to the baseline antiepileptic drug (AED) at a dosage of up to 800 mg/day, after which the baseline drug was discontinued, when possible."	( Drug interaction profile of topiramate. Bourgeois, BF, 1996)	0.59
" GBP is also active in this population, but only the 1,800 mg/day dosage was significantly better than placebo with respect to percent responders."	( Clinical efficacy of new antiepileptic drugs in refractory partial epilepsy: experience in the United States with three novel drugs. French, JA, 1996)	0.29
" In a similarly designed United States trial, LTG was significantly superior to placebo at a 500-mg/day dosage but not at a 300-mg/day dosage."	( Expanding antiepileptic drug options: clinical efficacy of new therapeutic agents. Ben-Menachem, E, 1996)	0.29
" Both the dose-response relationship and the time course of the suppression of tonic seizures by topiramate were similar to the attenuation of glutamate level in SER."	( Topiramate reduces abnormally high extracellular levels of glutamate and aspartate in the hippocampus of spontaneously epileptic rats (SER). Ishihara, K; Ishii, A; Kanda, T; Kurokawa, M; Kuwana, Y; Nakamura, J; Sasa, M; Serikawa, T; Tamura, S; Yamada, J, 1996)	1.95
" After a follow-up of 14-21 months, six patients are still on topiramate (mean dosage 583 mg/day, range 400-800 mg/day), and nine have discontinued treatment because of adverse events (n = 6), inefficacy (n = 2) or poor compliance (n = 1)."	( Efficacy and safety of topiramate in refractory epilepsy: a long-term prospective trial. Di Fazio, M; Galimberti, CA; Manni, R; Perucca, E; Sartori, I; Tartara, A, 1996)	0.85
" Specific indications and dosage schedules have been provided."	( New antiepileptic drugs. Brodie, MJ; Wilson, EA, 1996)	0.29
" TPM plasma peak concentration (C(max)) and area under the concentration-versus-time curve during a 12-h dosing interval (AUC(0-12)) were slightly higher (17%; n = 8) during TPM monotherapy than during concomitant VPA therapy."	( Comparison of the steady-state pharmacokinetics of topiramate and valproate in patients with epilepsy during monotherapy and concomitant therapy. Anderson, G; Kramer, LD; Levy, RH; Liao, S; Nayak, RK; Palmer, M; Rosenfeld, WE, 1997)	0.55
" In seven of the 12 patients, a concomitant antiepileptic drug (AED) was discontinued or its dosage was reduced during open TPM treatment."	( Preliminary open-label experience with topiramate in primary generalized seizures. Biton, V, 1997)	0.57
" Recommendations considered important for optimal utilization of TPM include dosage titration guidelines, options for managing side effects occurring early in treatment, advice concerning the withdrawal of concomitant AEDs, indications for discontinuation of TPM, and recognition of the need for adequate patient counseling."	( Practical aspects of the use of topiramate in patients with epilepsy. Sander, JW, 1997)	0.58
" Four of nine subjects showed significant correlations between topiramate dosage and forward digit span measured weekly, such that higher dosage was associated with poorer attention."	( Effect of topiramate on attention. Burton, LA; Harden, C, 1997)	0.94
" Dose-response analysis of this effect revealed an IC50 of 48."	( Topiramate attenuates voltage-gated sodium currents in rat cerebellar granule cells. Avoli, M; Ciotti, MT; Zona, C, 1997)	1.74
" The currently recommended dosing is lower and titration slower than schedules used in the clinical trials; this may improve the tolerability of topiramate."	( Topiramate: a new antiepileptic drug. Privitera, MD, 1997)	1.94
" In double-blind placebo-controlled trials, add-on therapy with topiramate 400 to 1000 mg/day reduces the seizure rate by > or = 50% in 35 to 52% of adult patients with resistant partial epilepsy (with or without secondarily generalised seizures) compared with 0 to 19% of placebo recipients; a 200 mg/day dosage was less effective."	( Topiramate. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacy in the management of epilepsy. Davis, R; Gillis, JC; Langtry, HD, 1997)	1.98
" At a dosage of 400 mg/d, a seizure reduction of 75% or greater was seen in 22% of topiramate patients, compared with 7% of those receiving placebo; up to 9% of topiramate patients, compared with none of those receiving placebo, became seizure free."	( Topiramate: a review of preclinical, pharmacokinetic, and clinical data. Rosenfeld, WE, )	1.8
"The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosage of topiramate are reviewed."	( Topiramate: a new antiepileptic drug. Markind, JE, 1998)	1.96
" Topiramate is rapidly absorbed, has linear pharmacokinetics, minimal protein binding and a long half-life facilitating a twice-daily dosage regimen."	( Topiramate. Clinical profile in epilepsy. Sachdeo, RC, 1998)	2.65
"0 weeks; mean TPM dosage approximately 200 mg/day."	( Use of topiramate, a new anti-epileptic as a mood stabilizer. Marcotte, D, 1998)	0.76
" We conducted a pilot study to test the effects of rapid TPM dosing in patients with refractory infantile spasms."	( A pilot study of topiramate in the treatment of infantile spasms. Clark, PO; Glauser, TA; Strawsburg, R, 1998)	0.64
" Dosage was increased by 25 mg every 2-3 days until spasms were controlled, the maximal tolerated dose was reached, or the maximal dose of 24 mg/kg/day was achieved."	( A pilot study of topiramate in the treatment of infantile spasms. Clark, PO; Glauser, TA; Strawsburg, R, 1998)	0.64
" Data were collected on seizure type, classification of epilepsy, presence or absence of learning difficulties, depression, or behavioural problems, co-medication, dosage escalation, efficacy, adverse events, whether or not the patient was still on topiramate and, if not, the reason for withdrawal."	( Topiramate in clinical practice: first year's postlicensing experience in a specialist epilepsy clinic. Chadwick, DW; Kellett, MW; Smith, DF; Stockton, PA, 1999)	1.93
" Patients received topiramate 1 mg/kg/day for 1 week, with subsequent progressive weekly increases in dosage to 3, 6, and then 9 mg/kg/day or 800 mg/day, whichever was less."	( A study of topiramate pharmacokinetics and tolerability in children with epilepsy. Baldassarre, JS; Doose, DR; Reife, RA; Rosenfeld, WE; Walker, SA, 1999)	1.02
" These adverse events were reported during dosage titration and with high dosages of the drug."	( Acute mental status changes and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with long-term topiramate therapy. Bollinger, T; Farrar, HC; Griebel, ML; Haley, TM; James, LP; Stowe, CD, 2000)	0.53
" The mean dosage (4."	( Factors associated with behavioral and cognitive abnormalities in children receiving topiramate. Connolly, MB; Farrell, K; Gerber, PE; Hamiwka, L, 2000)	0.53
" With 100 mg/day TPM as a starting dosage and weekly dosage increments of 100-200 mg/day added to maximally tolerated dosages of AEDs, the most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were dizziness, somnolence, fatigue, psychomotor slowing, nervousness, paresthesia, ataxia, memory difficulty and speech problems."	( Topiramate as add-on therapy: pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials in adults. Pledger, G; Reife, R; Wu, SC, 2000)	1.75
"The mean duration of TPM treatment was 413 days (range, 84-804 days), and the mean TPM dosage was 503 mg/day (range, 100-1,600 mg/day; median TPM dosage, 300 mg/day)."	( Topiramate in the long-term management of refractory epilepsy. Topiramate YOL Study Group. Abou-Khalil, B, 2000)	1.75
" The mean duration of long-term therapy was 18 months in the 11 children who were followed; the mean TPM dosage was 29 mg/kg/day."	( Long-term response to topiramate in patients with West syndrome. Clark, PO; Glauser, TA; McGee, K, 2000)	0.62
" It is recommended to start therapy with topiramate at a daily dosage of 25 mg, increasing by 25 mg every week up to 200-400 mg/day but not exceeding 1000 mg/day."	( [Topiramate (Topamax). Pharmacological characteristics and current use in epilepsy treatment]. Bauer, J; Schwalen, S, 2000)	1.48
" The wide variation in dose-response and dose-toxicity relationships may reflect different neurobiologies causing refractory epilepsy and differential efficacy of AED combinations."	( Topiramate in refractory epilepsy: a prospective observational study. Brodie, MJ; Sills, GJ; Stephen, LJ, 2000)	1.75
" TPM is introduced at 25 mg and increased with weekly 25mg/d increments to a minimum dosage of 200 mg/d."	( A multicenter, randomized clinical study to evaluate the effect on cognitive function of topiramate compared with valproate as add-on therapy to carbamazepine in patients with partial-onset seizures. Aldenkamp, AP; Baker, G; Chadwick, D; Cooper, P; de Haan, GJ; Doelman, J; Duncan, R; Gassmann-Mayer, C; Hughson, C; Hulsman, J; Mulder, OG; Overweg, J; Pledger, G; Rentmeester, TW; Riaz, H; Wroe, S, 2000)	0.53
" Side-effects were mild and transient, generally related to rapid dosage titration."	( Topiramate in the treatment of severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy. Candau, R; Correa, A; del Portal, LR; Nieto-Barrera, M; Nieto-Jimenez, M, 2000)	1.75
"After a two-week baseline phase, 188 patients were randomized to either a 50/50 titration schedule (initial dosage 50 mg/d increased in 50-mg/d increments at weekly intervals; n = 95) or to a 100/200 titration schedule (initial dosage 100 mg/d increased by 100-200 mg/d at weekly intervals; n = 93)."	( Topiramate titration and tolerability. Biton, V; Edwards, KR; Harden, CL; Kamin, M; Montouris, GD; Sackellares, JC, 2001)	1.75
" Similarly, valproate combined with antipsychotics provided greater improvement in mania than antipsychotic medication alone and resulted in lower dosage of the antipsychotic medication."	( Novel treatments for bipolar disorder. Bowden, CL, 2001)	0.31
" The dosage of other mood stabilizer drugs remained unchanged throughout the 6-week follow-up."	( [Effectiveness and safety of topiramate in treatment-resistant bipolar disorder]. Arrufat, E; García-Castrillón, A; García-Parés, G; Gilabert, A; Luna, MJ; Rodríguez, A; Vieta, E, )	0.42
" One patient showed psychotic features following rapid increase in topiramate dosage and dropped out on day 10."	( Antimanic efficacy of topiramate in 11 patients in an open trial with an on-off-on design. Amann, B; Grunze, HC; Kleindienst, N; Langosch, J; Normann, C; Schaefer, M; Schloesser, S; Sterr, A; Walden, J, 2001)	0.86
"Twenty patients with refractory partial seizures undergoing presurgical evaluation were randomized into a low dosage (100 mg daily) and a parallel medium dosage (200 mg daily) group of TPM add-on medication."	( Topiramate on ictal seizure semiology: a quantitative, randomized, low and medium dose-controlled study. Pauli, E; Stefan, H; Wang, Y; Zhou, D, 2001)	1.75
" Intergroup comparison suggested that duration, N/24 h and D/24 h of all seizures decreased more in the medium dosage group computing the reduction from baseline to the dose maintenance phase (P<0."	( Topiramate on ictal seizure semiology: a quantitative, randomized, low and medium dose-controlled study. Pauli, E; Stefan, H; Wang, Y; Zhou, D, 2001)	1.75
"05); effects were more prominent in the medium dosage group (200 mg daily) than the low dosage group (100 mg daily)."	( Topiramate on ictal seizure semiology: a quantitative, randomized, low and medium dose-controlled study. Pauli, E; Stefan, H; Wang, Y; Zhou, D, 2001)	1.75
" Fortunately, inpatient treatment was not necessary due to an increase of topiramate dosage and addition of risperidone and clonazepam."	( Topiramate as a mood stabilizer. Kasper, S; Letmaier, M; Schreinzer, D; Wolf, R, 2001)	1.98
" Dosage titration started at 12."	( Open-label topiramate as primary or adjunctive therapy in chronic civilian posttraumatic stress disorder: a preliminary report. Berlant, J; van Kammen, DP, 2002)	0.7
" Response was seen in 95% of partial responders at a dosage of 75 mg/day or less, and in 91% of full responders at a dosage of 100 mg/day or less."	( Open-label topiramate as primary or adjunctive therapy in chronic civilian posttraumatic stress disorder: a preliminary report. Berlant, J; van Kammen, DP, 2002)	0.7
" With long-term dosing and once target doses were achieved at 4 weeks, significant elevations in GABA were observed compared with baseline for all three drugs (topiramate 46%, gabapentin 25%, lamotrigine 25%)."	( Modulation of cerebral GABA by topiramate, lamotrigine, and gabapentin in healthy adults. Faught, E; Gilliam, F; Hetherington, H; Ho, S; Kuzniecky, R; Martin, R; Pan, J, 2002)	0.8
" The classic AEDs had numerous problems, ranging from inconvenient dosing schedules to frequent side effects due to active metabolites and common drug interactions; newer agents have been developed to avoid some of these pitfalls."	( Pharmacokinetics of new anticonvulsants in psychiatry. Morris, HH, 1998)	0.3
"Thirty patients suffering from refractory partial seizures with secondarily GTCS undergoing presurgical evaluation were randomized into a low dosage (100 mg daily) and a parallel medium dosage (200 mg daily) group of TPM add-on medication (15 patients for each group)."	( Clinical effects of topiramate against secondarily generalized tonic--clonic seizures. Hopp, P; Kerling, F; Kirchner, A; Pauli, E; Stefan, H; Wang, B; Wang, Y; Zhou, D, 2002)	0.64
" More patients in the medium dosage group than in the low dosage groups were free from secondarily GTCS during the dose maintenance phase (nine vs."	( Clinical effects of topiramate against secondarily generalized tonic--clonic seizures. Hopp, P; Kerling, F; Kirchner, A; Pauli, E; Stefan, H; Wang, B; Wang, Y; Zhou, D, 2002)	0.64
" The quantitative data suggested that TPM had a robust early inhibitory effect on secondarily generalized tonic-clonic signs; effects were more prominent in the medium dosage group (200 mg daily) than in the low dosage group (100 mg daily)."	( Clinical effects of topiramate against secondarily generalized tonic--clonic seizures. Hopp, P; Kerling, F; Kirchner, A; Pauli, E; Stefan, H; Wang, B; Wang, Y; Zhou, D, 2002)	0.64
"44 patients were assessed through a cognitive battery applied before beginning of therapy with TPM and 6 months after the dosage had been stabilized."	( [Cognitive effects of therapy with topiramate in patients with refractory partial epilepsy]. Baeta, E; Caritas, AI; Carmo, I; Castro, G; Gonçalves, S; Gonçalves, T; Santana, I, )	0.41
" Considering the effects of the dosage of topiramate and the total quantity of antiepileptic drugs, major commitment was observed in patients taking more than 400 mg/day."	( [Cognitive effects of therapy with topiramate in patients with refractory partial epilepsy]. Baeta, E; Caritas, AI; Carmo, I; Castro, G; Gonçalves, S; Gonçalves, T; Santana, I, )	0.67
" A dose-response relationship was also explored."	( Aggravation of partial seizures by antiepileptic drugs: is there evidence from clinical trials? Somerville, ER, 2002)	0.31
" There was some evidence for a dose-response effect with TGB but a negative effect with TPM (aggravation less likely with increasing dose)."	( Aggravation of partial seizures by antiepileptic drugs: is there evidence from clinical trials? Somerville, ER, 2002)	0.31
" Subsequent experience suggests that dosage needs were overestimated."	( Low-dose topiramate in adults with treatment-resistant partial-onset seizures. Gassmann-Mayer, C; Guberman, A; Neto, W, 2002)	0.73
" Patients had begun topiramate therapy at 25 mg/day for the first week and increased their dosage by 25 mg/week to a maximum of 200 mg/day."	( Prophylaxis of migraine, transformed migraine, and cluster headache with topiramate. Kailasam, J; Mathew, NT; Meadors, L, 2002)	0.87
"To evaluate the relationship between baseline seizure frequency and stabilized topiramate dosage and the effect of individualized treatment on tolerability in adults with partial-onset seizures receiving other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)."	( Topiramate titration to response: analysis of individualized therapy study (TRAITS). Dodson, WE; Kamin, M; Kraut, L; Olson, WH; Wu, SC, 2003)	1.99
" Dosage and seizure response data were analyzed for 2 groups defined by baseline seizure frequency: <4 and >/=4 seizures per month."	( Topiramate titration to response: analysis of individualized therapy study (TRAITS). Dodson, WE; Kamin, M; Kraut, L; Olson, WH; Wu, SC, 2003)	1.76
"When clinicians individualize topiramate dosage according to clinical response, the stabilized topiramate dosage as add-on therapy is influenced by baseline seizure frequency."	( Topiramate titration to response: analysis of individualized therapy study (TRAITS). Dodson, WE; Kamin, M; Kraut, L; Olson, WH; Wu, SC, 2003)	2.05
" The difficulty in achieving therapeutic dosage because of side effects makes one consider whether these agents are "better" than the oldest and most side effect-prone AED, phenobarbital."	( Clinical pharmacology of topiramate versus lamotrigine versus phenobarbital: comparison of efficacy and side effects using odds ratios. Claycamp, HG; Lathers, CM; Schraeder, PL, 2003)	0.62
" Dosing began at 16 mg once daily."	( A 6-month randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial of topiramate for weight loss in obesity. Bray, GA; Fitchet, M; Hollander, P; Klein, S; Kushner, R; Levy, B; Perry, BH, 2003)	0.56
"001 for each dosage arm vs placebo)."	( A pooled analysis of adjunctive topiramate in refractory partial epilepsy. Adriaenssen, I; Neto, W; Peeters, K; Pledger, G; Wapenaar, R, 2003)	0.6
"The exposure, or area under the plasma LTG concentration-time curve within a dosing interval at steady state (AUCss), did not change in the presence of TPM, with mean AUCss values ranging at each TPM dose level between 66 and 81 mg x h/L with concomitant LTG/TPM therapy compared with 77 mgxh/L with LTG monotherapy."	( Topiramate and lamotrigine pharmacokinetics during repetitive monotherapy and combination therapy in epilepsy patients. Berry, DJ; Bialer, M; Brodie, MJ; Chadwick, D; Doose, DR; Oxbury, J; Schwabe, S; Wilson, EA, 2003)	1.76
"In healthy adults, rectally administered TPM is absorbed to a similar extent as the oral dosage form."	( Relative bioavailability of topiramate administered rectally. Birnbaum, AK; Cloyd, JC; Conway, JM; Kriel, RL, 2003)	0.61
" Median baseline dosage of TPM was 237."	( Significant improvement in frontal lobe associated neuropsychological functions after withdrawal of topiramate in epilepsy patients. Elger, CE; Helmstaedter, C; Kockelmann, E, 2003)	0.54
" The use of cerebral microdialysis in phase II drug studies will allow the detection of the appropriate therapeutic window and dosage for the neuroprotective agent."	( Evaluation of topiramate neuroprotective effect in severe TBI using microdialysis. Alves, OL; Bullock, R; Clausen, T; Doyle, AJ; Gilman, C, 2003)	0.68
" Although its half-life is relatively short (6 to 8 hours), its duration of action is longer than anticipated from its pharmacokinetics in plasma, and a twice-daily dosing regimen is adequate to produce the desired response."	( The ideal pharmacokinetic properties of an antiepileptic drug: how close does levetiracetam come? Johannessen, SI; Perucca, E, 2003)	0.32
" TPM was added with a dosage interval between 75 and 550 mg and follow-up visits were carried out throughout a period of nine months."	( [Topiramate therapy in patients with refractory epilepsy]. Arias, M; Corredera-García, E; Gómez-Alonso, J; López, F; Rodríguez, J; Rubio-Nazabal, E; Seijo-Martínez, M, )	1.04
" Adverse events associated with topiramate monotherapy that were dosage related included paraesthesia, weight loss and diarrhoea."	( Topiramate: as monotherapy in newly diagnosed epilepsy. Goa, KL; Waugh, J, 2003)	2.05
" The mean therapeutic dosage was 100 mg daily."	( [Topamax in the treatment resistance partial epilepsy]. Kalinin, VV; Polianskiĭ, DA; Rogacheva, TA; Sokolova, LV; Zheleznova, EV, 2003)	0.32
" Thirty-five patients could be evaluated prospectively at different dose levels, and the relationship between plasma TPM concentration and dosage was linear over the assessed dose range (1."	( Influence of dosage, age, and co-medication on plasma topiramate concentrations in children and adults with severe epilepsy and preliminary observations on correlations with clinical response. Alessandrì, MG; Bonanni, P; Ferrari, AR; Gatti, G; Guerrini, R; Perucca, E, 2003)	0.57
" Ten adult subjects with discolored or raised scars at least 2 years old were given an oral dosage of 15 mg per day of topiramate for 1 month."	( Evaluation of open-label topiramate for scar therapy. Annis, AM; Lazoritz, M; Lessig, M; Murphy, TK; Shapira, NA, 2003)	0.83
"These findings suggest that TPM has a strong inhibitory effect on IEA, probably acting on the generating processes, and, if used at low dosage and gradually titrated, seems to have only mild interferences with EEG background activity."	( Topiramate: effect on EEG interictal abnormalities and background activity in patients affected by focal epilepsy. Bianchi, L; Cervellino, A; Izzi, F; Marciani, MG; Mattia, D; Placidi, F; Romigi, A; Sperli, F; Tombini, M, 2004)	1.77
" Median time to full response was 9 days and median dosage was 50 mg/day."	( Prospective open-label study of add-on and monotherapy topiramate in civilians with chronic nonhallucinatory posttraumatic stress disorder. Berlant, JL, 2004)	0.57
"Thirty patients diagnosed with partial epilepsy (PE): 17 cases with cryptogenic PE, 11--with symptomatic PE and 2--with symptomatic generalized PE, have been switched to topamax monotherapy, in dosage 50-200 mg daily, for 3 months."	( [Topamax monotherapy of partial epilepsy]. Kalinin, VV; Polianskiĭ, DA; Rogacheva, TA; Sokolova, LV; Zemlianaia, AA; Zheleznova, EV, 2004)	0.32
" During concomitant treatment with topiramate and carbamazepine or phenytoin, the (oral) clearance of topiramate increases 2-fold and its half-life becomes shorter by approximately 50%, which may require topiramate dosage adjustment when phenytoin or carbamazepine therapy is added or discontinued."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions of topiramate. Bialer, M; Curtin, C; Doose, DR; Murthy, B; Schwabe, S; Twyman, RE; Wang, SS, 2004)	0.88
" The severity of the cognitive side effects of TPM may be related to dosing to a certain extent, but this relationship may be disclosed only with larger sample sizes."	( Cognitive profile of topiramate as compared with lamotrigine in epilepsy patients on antiepileptic drug polytherapy: relationships to blood serum levels and comedication. Elger, CE; Helmstaedter, C; Kockelmann, E, 2004)	0.64
" The topiramate dosing and plasma concentrations, as well as those of their concomitant antiepileptic drugs were examined retrospectively."	( Age and antiepileptic drugs influence topiramate plasma levels in children. Dahlin, MG; Ohman, IK, 2004)	1.11
" Topiramate was begun at 1 mg/kg x day, and the dosage was raised by 1 mg/kg x day each week."	( Effect of topiramate on intractable seizures in Taiwanese children. Chiu, NC; Ho, CS; Li, ST; Shen, EY, 2004)	1.64
" Sponsor ended study early in order to develop a new controlled-release formulation with the potential to enhance tolerability and simplify dosing in this patient population."	( A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study of the long-term efficacy and safety of topiramate in the treatment of obese subjects. Fitchet, M; Rissanen, A; Van Gaal, L; Vercruysse, F; Wilding, J, 2004)	0.54
" Sponsor ended study early to develop a new controlled-release formulation with the potential to enhance tolerability and simplify dosing in this patient population."	( Topiramate: long-term maintenance of weight loss induced by a low-calorie diet in obese subjects. Astrup, A; Carruba, M; Caterson, I; Fitchet, M; Guy-Grand, B; Levy, B; Sun, X; Zelissen, P, 2004)	1.77
"This article reviews preclinical and clinical data on the efficacy and tolerability of these 4 AEDs in the management of neuropathic pain, as well as the pharmacokinetics, drug-interaction potential, adverse effects, and dosing of these agents, with an emphasis on their use in older individuals."	( Oxcarbazepine, topiramate, zonisamide, and levetiracetam: potential use in neuropathic pain. Guay, DR, 2003)	0.67
" Cumulative dose-response curves were constructed for the effect of topiramate at doses of 3, 5, 10, 30 and 50 mg/kg on SSS-evoked firing of trigeminocervical neurons."	( Topiramate inhibits trigeminovascular neurons in the cat. Goadsby, PJ; Storer, RJ, 2004)	2
" Reducing the dosage of AED cotherapy as the new drug is introduced may improve tolerability."	( Effect of cotherapy reduction on tolerability of epilepsy add-on therapy: a randomized controlled trial. Hulihan, JF; Kamin, M; Naritoku, DK; Olson, WH; Schwarzman, LK, 2005)	0.33
" The most common adverse events associated with topiramate are paresthesia, weight loss, and other centrally mediated symptoms, many of which may be ameliorated by proper titration and dosing and by good communication between physician and patient."	( Topiramate monotherapy in epilepsy and migraine prevention. Ben-Menachem, E; Shank, RP; Silberstein, SD; Wiegand, F, 2005)	2.03
"A consecutive series of 170 patients with IHS-defined migraine who were experiencing 15 or more days of headache per month were treated with topiramate according to a uniform dosing protocol."	( Predictors of a negative response to topiramate therapy in patients with chronic migraine. Drinkard, R; Key, KF; Parada, VA; Rothrock, JF; Zweifler, RM, )	0.61
" We report on a 40 years old woman previously healthy that developed significant asymptomatic metabolic acidosis during topiramate therapy at a dosage of 100 mg/day for three months."	( Topiramate and severe metabolic acidosis: case report. Burmeister, JE; Hartke, EM; Kreuz, M; Pereira, RR, 2005)	1.98
" The mean modal dosage of topiramate during the stable dosing period was 180 mg daily."	( Open-label adjunctive topiramate in the treatment of unstable bipolar disorder. Binder, C; Kusumakar, V; McIntyre, RS; Riccardelli, R, 2005)	0.94
"The relationship between topiramate (TPM) concentration, dosage and adverse events in patients with epilepsy is still controversial."	( Topiramate: a prospective study on the relationship between concentration, dosage and adverse events in epileptic patients on combination therapy. Fröscher, W; Hoffmann, M; May, TW; Meyer, A; Rambeck, B; Rösche, J; Schier, KR, 2005)	2.07
" Target TPM dosage was up to 200 mg/day."	( Topiramate for the treatment of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Araújo Filho, GM; Garzon, E; Sakamoto, AC; Sousa, Pda S; Yacubian, EM, 2005)	1.77
" The medication dosage varied from 1 to 20 mg/kg daily."	( [The efficacy of topiramate (topamax) in the treatment of resistant epilepsy in children]. Belousova, ED; Dorofeeva, MIu; Ermakov, AIu, 2005)	0.67
" Slow increments of the dosage contributed to high tolerability of the drug."	( Topiramate in the treatment of refractory chronic daily headache. An open trial. Dano, M; Mosek, A, 2005)	1.77
" However, the data we collected seem to favour the hypothesis that high TPM dosage and SL might be associated to a greater probability to reduce seizure severity."	( Clinical experience with topiramate dosing and serum levels in patients with epilepsy. Bresolin, N; Degrate, A; Radice, L; Raggi, ME; Zanotta, N; Zucca, C, 2006)	0.64
" reported an open label study on ten adult subjects with discolored or raised scars at least 2 years old who were given topiramate in an oral dosage of 15 mg per day for 1 month."	( Topiramate and scars. Agarwal, L; Bharti, R, 2005)	1.98
" Globally, adverse events were observed in 161 patients (58%) and were mainly represented by weight loss, hyperthermia, sedation, and nervousness, which, in most cases, disappeared after slowing titration or reducing the dosage of the drug."	( Efficacy and safety of topiramate in refractory epilepsy of childhood: long-term follow-up study. Balestri, P; Boniver, C; Cardinali, C; Caterina Moscano, F; Franzoni, E; Grosso, S; Iannetti, P; Incorpora, G; Lo Faro, V; Mazzone, L; Morgese, G; Parisi, P; Spalice, A; Toldo, I; Verrotti, A; Zamponi, N, 2005)	0.64
" Acute dosing with up to 200 mg topiramate appears to enhance, rather than attenuate, the positive subjective effects of methamphetamine."	( Effects of acute topiramate dosing on methamphetamine-induced subjective mood. Ait-Daoud, N; Dawes, MA; Johnson, BA; Liu, L; Roache, JD; Wallace, CL; Wang, XQ; Wells, LT, 2007)	0.96
" Based on the results of these studies, 100 mg/day is the optimum topiramate dosage in terms of efficacy and tolerability."	( Topiramate for migraine prevention. Padiyara, RS; Schwarz, K; Wenzel, RG, 2006)	2.01
"We report on a woman with borderline personality disorder and a history of childhood trauma that showed significant clinical response with low dosage of topiramate."	( Can childhood trauma predict response to topiramate in borderline personality disorder? Bacaltchuck, J; do Prado-Lima, PA; Kristensen, CH, 2006)	0.8
" However, the sponsor ended the study early in order to develop a new controlled-release formulation with the potential to enhance tolerability and simplify dosing in this patient population."	( Efficacy and safety of topiramate in combination with metformin in the treatment of obese subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Fitchet, M; Gorska, M; Hamann, A; Masson, E; Moore, R; Sun, X; Toplak, H; Vercruysse, F, 2007)	0.65
" These drugs were maintained another 8 weeks (maintenance phase) without dosage changes."	( Cognitive effects of lamotrigine compared with topiramate in patients with epilepsy. Biton, V; Blum, D; Chung, S; Fakhoury, T; Hammer, A; Isojärvi, J; Meador, K; Mills, K; Shneker, B, 2006)	0.59
" The dosage of topiramate ranged between 25 and 200 mg/day, with an average of 100 mg/day."	( [Preventive treatment with topiramate enhances the quality of life of patients with migraine]. Espinosa-Martinez, J; Fernandez-Izquierdo, S; Medrano, V; Morera-Guitart, J; Sempere, AP, )	0.78
" Topiramate acted rapidly at a relatively low dosage and seems to be an important addition to the limited range of drugs availablefor treating severe symptoms of PTSD."	( [Topiramate for the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder. A case study]. Aalbersberg, CF; Mulder, JM, 2006)	2.15
" For these older drugs it has been common practice to adjust the dosage to achieve a serum drug concentration within a predefined 'therapeutic range', representing an interval where most patients are expected to show an optimal response."	( Pharmacokinetic variability of newer antiepileptic drugs: when is monitoring needed? Johannessen, SI; Tomson, T, 2006)	0.33
" Larger laboratory studies with chronic dosing regimens are needed to establish whether or not there is a kinetic interaction between topiramate and methamphetamine."	( Kinetic and cardiovascular effects of acute topiramate dosing among non-treatment-seeking, methamphetamine-dependent individuals. Ait-Daoud, N; Dawes, MA; Javors, MA; Johnson, BA; Liu, L; Roache, JD; Wallace, CL; Wang, XQ; Wells, LT, 2007)	0.8
" The contents of glutathion in the high dosage of TPM group (29."	( [An experimental study on hepatotoxicity of topiramate in young rats]. Chen, XM; Huang, J; Ren, RN; Ye, LY, 2007)	0.6
" High dosage of TPM or TPM along with VPA administration enhances the risk of the side effects."	( [An experimental study on hepatotoxicity of topiramate in young rats]. Chen, XM; Huang, J; Ren, RN; Ye, LY, 2007)	0.6
" The anticonvulsant and acute adverse effects of the combination of TPM with GBP at the fixed ratio of 1:1 were determined using the type I isobolographic analysis for nonparallel dose-response relationship curves (DRRCs)."	( Isobolographic analysis of interaction between drugs with nonparallel dose-response relationship curves: a practical application. Luszczki, JJ, 2007)	0.34
"To describe the dose-concentration relationship of a continuous intravenous infusion of valproic acid (VPA) in pediatric patients when a dosing protocol is used."	( Clinical utility of a continuous intravenous infusion of valproic acid in pediatric patients. Baumann, RJ; Cook, AM; Farzam, F; Kuhn, RJ; Lewis, DA; Taylor, LM, 2007)	0.34
"Thirty-eight outpatients on long-term treatment with clozapine (250-500 mg/d, n = 10), olanzapine (10-20 mg/d, n = 12), risperidone (3-6 mg/d, n = 9), or quetiapine (200-600 mg/d, n = 7) received adjunctive topiramate, gradually titrated up to a final dosage of 200 mg/d for 6 weeks."	( Effect of topiramate on plasma concentrations of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and quetiapine in patients with psychotic disorders. Bruno, A; Cacciola, M; Campolo, D; Cortese, L; D'Arrigo, C; Migliardi, G; Santoro, V; Spina, E, )	0.72
" Topiramate was titrated (25 mg weekly) to a target dose of 100 mg/day, allowing dosing flexibility from 50 to 200 mg/day, according to patient need."	( Topiramate reduces headache days in chronic migraine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Bussone, G; Diener, HC; Goadsby, PJ; Lahaye, M; Schwalen, S; Van Oene, JC, 2007)	2.69
"The aim of this study was to describe diagnoses, demographic characteristics, additional co-existing diagnoses, and dosing among Medicaid patients prescribed topiramate."	( Topiramate prescribing patterns among medicaid patients: diagnosis, comorbidities, and dosing. Armstrong, RB; Bramley, TJ; Dickson, M; Gdovin, JM; Johnsrud, M; Poston, S; Rupnow, MF, 2007)	1.98
" topiramate dosage was 98 +/- 65 mg/day."	( Resource use associated with topiramate in migraine prophylaxis. Blount, A; Boccuzzi, SJ; Feliu, AL; Rupnow, MF; Vermilyea, J, 2007)	1.54
" Based on efficacy and tolerability, topiramate at a dosage of 100 mg per day (50 mg twice daily) should be the target dosage for most patients with migraine."	( Analysis of pooled data from two pivotal controlled trials on the efficacy of topiramate in the prevention of migraine. Forde, G; Freitag, FG; Hulihan, J; Neto, W; Schmitt, J; Wang, DZ; Wu, SC, 2007)	0.84
" The dosage of the study medicine was continued unchanged from the earlier 8-week study period."	( A placebo-controlled, random-assignment, parallel-group pilot study of adjunctive topiramate for patients with schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type. Basu, R; Brar, JS; Buttenfield, J; Gershon, S; Houck, P; John, V; Kupfer, DJ; Parepally, H; Roy Chengappa, K; Schlicht, P, 2007)	0.57
" At that point in time the mean ZNS dosage was 344 mg and mean TPM dosage was 398 mg."	( [Anticonvulsant treatment with zonisamide added to topiramate. A preliminary treatment analysis in 19 patients]. Bauer, J; Bös, M, 2007)	0.59
" On an average dosage of 112."	( Use of low-dose topiramate in substance use disorder and bodyweight control. Chiu, YH; Lee, TH; Shen, WW, 2007)	0.69
" Topiramate has been used at the dosage of 100 mg/day for hypnic headache prevention in one recent case report with benefit."	( Hypnic headache responsive to low-dose topiramate: a case report. Autunno, M; Blandino, A; Messina, C; Rodolico, C, 2008)	1.53
" Topiramate (1-60 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) did not produce any nicotine-like or cocaine-like discriminative effects by itself and did not produce any shift in the dose-response curves for nicotine or cocaine discrimination."	( Topiramate does not alter nicotine or cocaine discrimination in rats. Barnes, C; Goldberg, SR; Justinova, Z; Le Foll, B; Wertheim, CE, 2008)	2.7
"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 11-week clinical trial with a 6-week dosage titration period and 5 weeks of maintenance treatment."	( Preliminary evidence for gender-specific effects of topiramate as a potential aid to smoking cessation. Anthenelli, RM; Blom, TJ; Keck, PE; McElroy, SL, 2008)	0.6
"To provide prospective, longitudinal evidence of the effects of topiramate, an antiepileptic medication prescribed for migraine headaches, on stone-risk factors, specifically as pertaining to dosing and rapidity of onset."	( Induction of progressive profound hypocitraturia with increasing doses of topiramate. Bensalem-Owen, M; LaGrange, CA; Pais, VM; Tucker, T; Warner, BW, 2008)	0.82
"Male users of inhaled cocaine which met criteria for cocaine dependence (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition) were selected for outpatient 12-week, open label trial with topiramate; individual dosage ranged between 25-300 mg/day."	( Craving decrease with topiramate in outpatient treatment for cocaine dependence: an open label trial. Castro, LA; Faria, R; Laranjeira, R; Reis, AD, 2008)	0.85
" His dosage was increased after admission, but no changes were made to his other medications."	( Hyperchloremic, normal anion-gap, metabolic acidosis due to topiramate. Mathews, KD; Stark, JE, 2008)	0.59
"Drugs were tested in a repeated dosing paradigm (four daily injections)."	( Experimental studies of potential analgesics for the treatment of chemotherapy-evoked painful peripheral neuropathies. Bennett, GJ; Naso, L; Xiao, W, )	0.13
"Thirty cases of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) were first administered with TPM at a dosage of 2 mg/kg/d for 6 months."	( [Changes of the event related potential P300 following topiramate treatment in children with epilepsy]. Li, M; Yang, W, 2008)	0.59
" However, the latency was more prolonged and the amplitude was reduced in the ERP-P300 testing after 6 months high dosage of TMP treatment (P<0."	( [Changes of the event related potential P300 following topiramate treatment in children with epilepsy]. Li, M; Yang, W, 2008)	0.59
"The effect of TPM on cognitive function is related to its dosage in children with epilepsy."	( [Changes of the event related potential P300 following topiramate treatment in children with epilepsy]. Li, M; Yang, W, 2008)	0.59
" We report on the case of a 42-year-old depressive female patient with comorbid migraine attacks, whereby the adjunction of topiramate as an antimigraine agent at the dosage of 50 mg/d to her antidepressive treatment with fluvoxamine at 300 mg/d triggered--the prima facie paradoxical for topiramate--side effects of tremor and myoclonus."	( Reversible tremor and myoclonus associated with topiramate-fluvoxamine coadministration. Kouzoupis, AV; Masdrakis, VG; Oulis, P; Potagas, C; Soldatos, CR; Thomopoulos, Y, )	0.59
" Patients were required to have had at least one pharmacy claim for topiramate between 7/1/00 and 11/30/04, and at least 12 dosage units dispensed of any combination of acute migraine treatments (triptan, ergotamine, or ergotamine combination) during the 6-month period preceding the first pharmacy claim for topiramate (the index date)."	( Resource utilization impact of topiramate for migraine prevention in the managed-care setting. Quimbo, RM; Rupnow, MF; Wertz, DA; Yaldo, AZ, 2009)	0.87
" For each class, the dosing scheme and practical issues related to administration are described, based on evidence when available in the literature."	( [Drugs for status epilepticus treatment]. Mazoit, JX; Navarro, V, 2009)	0.35
"Thirty patients with different forms of epilepsy were treated with toreal in dosage 200 mg per day."	( [The use of toreal in the monotherapy of epilepsy in adults]. Bondarenko, II; Kissin, MIa, 2009)	0.35
" Topiramate was titrated up to a target dosage of 200 mg/day and maintained for at least 1 year."	( Efficacy of topiramate in adult patients with symptomatic epilepsy: an open-label, long-term, retrospective observation. Lu, Y; Wang, X; Yu, W, 2009)	1.64
"Open-label, prospective, single-center study exploring efficacy and tolerability of two adjunctive dosing regimens of topiramate (TPM) in adult patients with difficult-to-treat epilepsy."	( Exploring efficacy and tolerability outcomes in patients with difficult-to-treat epilepsy receiving adjunctive topiramate at different titration rates--an exploratory study. Kurth, C; Rettig, K; Schäuble, B; Schreiner, A; Steinhoff, BJ, 2009)	0.77
" The usual starting dosage of TPM was 50 mg/day and optimal-dose adjustments were made according to individual clinical responses."	( Long-term efficacy and tolerability of topiramate as add-on therapy in refractory partial epilepsy: an observational study. Cho, YJ; Heo, K; Jang, SH; Jung, YH; Kim, WJ; Lee, BI; Song, DB; Ye, BS, 2009)	0.62
" It was prescribed in dosage 25 mg in the evening to 16 patients and in dosage 25 mg in the first two weeks and then in dosage 50 mg in the evening for 60 days - to 12 patients."	( [The use of topiramate at patients with combined craniovertebral anomaly]. Klocheva, EG; Komiakhov, AV; Zhukova, MV, 2009)	0.73
"After a 4-week prospective baseline, patients with a diagnosis of migraine according to International Headache Society criteria and eligible for migraine prevention were treated with flexible dosing of topiramate for 24 weeks (core phase), and optionally for a total of 48 weeks."	( Topiramate for migraine prevention in a naturalistic setting: results from an open label, flexible dose study. Bornhoevd, K; Delbrück, A; Kademann, B; Nelles, G; Schäfer, S; Schäuble, B; Schulze, L, )	1.76
"Topiramate is primarily renally eliminated and requires dosage adjustment based upon renal function."	( Possible removal of topiramate by continuous renal replacement therapy. Browning, L; Coplin, WM; Liu-DeRyke, X; Parker, D; Rhoney, DH; Shah, A, 2010)	2.13
"Our data suggest clinically important amounts of topiramate are removed by CRRT, and higher topiramate dosage may be needed for these patients instead of the current recommended 50% of normal dosage."	( Possible removal of topiramate by continuous renal replacement therapy. Browning, L; Coplin, WM; Liu-DeRyke, X; Parker, D; Rhoney, DH; Shah, A, 2010)	0.94
" In patients on topiramate no significant correlation was observed between the dosage of this agent and plasma bicarbonate or potassium as well as between topiramate blood level and the mentioned electrolytes."	( Chronic impact of topiramate on acid-base balance and potassium in childhood. Belotti, EA; Bianchetti, MG; Pifferini, R; Ragazzi, M; Ramelli, GP; Simonetti, GD; Taddeo, I, 2010)	1.04
"The aim of this study was to characterize the anticonvulsant effects of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (MeTHIQ--an endogenous parkinsonism-preventing substance) in combination with four second-generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs: lamotrigine [LTG], oxcarbazepine [OXC], pregabalin [PGB], and topiramate [TPM]) in the mouse maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizure model by using the type I isobolographic analysis for parallel and non-parallel dose-response relationship curves (DRRCs)."	( Interactions of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline with lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, pregabalin, and topiramate in the mouse maximal electroshock-induced seizure model: a type I isobolographic analysis. Antkiewicz-Michaluk, L; Czuczwar, SJ; Luszczki, JJ; Raszewski, G, 2010)	0.75
" However, the good correlation between the dosage and the plasmatic concentrations, and the relatively low interindividual variability, when we take into account the age and the association with an enzyme inducer, are not in favour of the interest of a dosage."	( [Therapeutic drug monitoring of topiramate]. Bentué-Ferrer, D; Tribut, O; Verdier, MC, )	0.41
" Mean topiramate dosage was 90 mg/day."	( Prevention of episodic migraine with topiramate: a prospective 24-week, open-label, flexible-dose clinical trial with optional 24 weeks follow-up in a community setting. Bornhoevd, K; Djelani, M; Gendolla, A; Malessa, R; Schäuble, B; Schmitt, L; Steinberg, B, 2010)	1.11
"We conducted a retrospective analysis of EMR data from a headache clinic to evaluate clinician prescription use and dosing patterns of topiramate."	( Electronic medical records as a research tool: evaluating topiramate use at a headache center. Andrel, J; Armstrong, RB; Biondi, DM; Hopkins, M; Marmura, MJ; Rupnow, MF; Young, WB, 2010)	0.81
" Human laboratory studies that used acute topiramate dosing show that topiramate actually enhances the pleasurable effects of both nicotine and methamphetamine."	( Topiramate in the treatment of substance-related disorders: a critical review of the literature. Greenfield, SF; Shinn, AK, 2010)	2.07
" End/start of treatment geometric mean ratios (GMR, %) and 90% confidence intervals (90% CI) were calculated for maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve over the dosing interval at steady-state (AUC(ss)) of eslicarbazepine (ESL major active metabolite), R-licarbazepine (ESL minor active metabolite) and TPM at Day 8 and Day 27."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction study between eslicarbazepine acetate and topiramate in healthy subjects. Almeida, L; Brunet, JS; Falcão, A; Lefebvre, M; Nunes, T; Rocha, JF; Sicard, E; Soares-da-Silva, P, 2010)	0.59
" We performed an open-label clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of topiramate in the tolerable dosage to prevent cluster headache."	( Topiramate in prevention of cluster headache in the Taiwanese. Huang, WY; Lo, MC; Tsai, JJ; Wang, SJ; Wu, HM, )	1.81
"A case of topiramate-induced myoclonus and acute psychosis in a patient taking the recommended dosage of topiramate for migraine prophylaxis is reported."	( Topiramate-induced myoclonus and psychosis during migraine prophylaxis. Bookstaver, PB; Gaines, KJ; Miller, AD; Prost, VM, 2010)	2.21
"A 29-year-old Caucasian, wheelchair-bound woman with diplegic cerebral palsy and a history of migraines was admitted to the hospital after developing paranoid thoughts and episodes of myoclonus two weeks after an increase in her topiramate dosage (25 mg twice daily to 50 mg twice daily)."	( Topiramate-induced myoclonus and psychosis during migraine prophylaxis. Bookstaver, PB; Gaines, KJ; Miller, AD; Prost, VM, 2010)	1.99
"A patient with cerebral palsy experienced myoclonus and acute psychosis after receiving a standard dosage of topiramate for migraine prophylaxis."	( Topiramate-induced myoclonus and psychosis during migraine prophylaxis. Bookstaver, PB; Gaines, KJ; Miller, AD; Prost, VM, 2010)	2.02
" The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of topiramate to assist dosage adjustments in individual patients."	( A nonlinear mixed effects modelling analysis of topiramate pharmacokinetics in patients with epilepsy. Grabnar, I; Jakovljević, MB; Janković, SM; Kos, MK; Mrhar, A; Vovk, T, 2010)	0.85
"0 mg/kg/day), and the dosage was increased gradually up to the maximum dose (9 mg/kg/day) depending on efficacy and tolerability."	( [Effectiveness of topiramate in eleven patients with Dravet syndrome]. Fujiwara, T; Ikeda, H; Ikegami, M; Kubota, Y; Mine, J; Mukaida, S; Ohtani, H; Shimomura, J; Takahashi, H; Takahashi, Y, 2010)	0.69
", lamotrigine [LTG], oxcarbazepine [OXC] and topiramate [TPM]) in the mouse maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizure model by using the type I isobolographic analysis for non-parallel dose-response relationship curves (DRRCs)."	( Additive interactions of pregabalin with lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine and topiramate in the mouse maximal electroshock-induced seizure model: a type I isobolographic analysis for non-parallel dose-response relationship curves. Czuczwar, SJ; Filip, D; Luszczki, JJ, 2010)	0.85
"To identify and validate the efficacious monotherapy dosing regimen for topiramate in children aged 2 to <10 years with newly diagnosed epilepsy using pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling and simulation bridging."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic assessment of topiramate dosing regimens for children with epilepsy 2 to <10 years of age. Cox, E; Eerdekens, M; Ford, L; Girgis, IG; Mohanty, S; Nandy, P; Nye, JS; Ochalski, S; Wang, S, 2010)	0.85
" These models were integrated to derive and support the monotherapy dosing regimen for pediatric patients."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic assessment of topiramate dosing regimens for children with epilepsy 2 to <10 years of age. Cox, E; Eerdekens, M; Ford, L; Girgis, IG; Mohanty, S; Nandy, P; Nye, JS; Ochalski, S; Wang, S, 2010)	0.62
"A two-compartmental population PK model with first-order absorption described the time course of topiramate C(min) as a function of dosing regimen."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic assessment of topiramate dosing regimens for children with epilepsy 2 to <10 years of age. Cox, E; Eerdekens, M; Ford, L; Girgis, IG; Mohanty, S; Nandy, P; Nye, JS; Ochalski, S; Wang, S, 2010)	0.84
" Effects of indication and body weight on PK were adequately integrated into the model, and monotherapy dosing regimens were identified for children 2-10 years of age."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic assessment of topiramate dosing regimens for children with epilepsy 2 to <10 years of age. Cox, E; Eerdekens, M; Ford, L; Girgis, IG; Mohanty, S; Nandy, P; Nye, JS; Ochalski, S; Wang, S, 2010)	0.62
" TPM dosage correlated inversely with urinary citrate excretion (Pearson correlation coefficient = -0."	( Patients with and without prior urolithiasis have hypocitraturia and incident kidney stones while on topiramate. Kaplon, DM; Nakada, SY; Penniston, KL, 2011)	0.59
"Its optimal dosage requires further research."	( Topiramate in the treatment of alcohol dependence: a meta-analysis. Arbaizar, B; Diersen-Sotos, T; Gómez-Acebo, I; Llorca, J, )	1.57
"To determine the range of topiramate (TPM) concentrations obtained in children under 4 with the recommended dosage regimen (3-9 mg/kg/day) and to compare them to adult target ranges."	( Topiramate pharmacokinetics in infants and young children: contribution of population analysis. Bouillon-Pichault, M; Chhun, S; Chiron, C; Dulac, O; Jullien, V; Nabbout, R; Pons, G; Rey, E, 2011)	2.11
"The population pharmacokinetic model developed for TPM, with/without enzyme inducer antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs) in children was used to determine dosage regimens providing AUC and trough concentrations (C(trough)s) within the adult ranges."	( Topiramate pharmacokinetics in infants and young children: contribution of population analysis. Bouillon-Pichault, M; Chhun, S; Chiron, C; Dulac, O; Jullien, V; Nabbout, R; Pons, G; Rey, E, 2011)	1.81
" Mean AUC(0-12h) reached with a 2mg/kg/day dosing regimen was within described range."	( Topiramate pharmacokinetics in infants and young children: contribution of population analysis. Bouillon-Pichault, M; Chhun, S; Chiron, C; Dulac, O; Jullien, V; Nabbout, R; Pons, G; Rey, E, 2011)	1.81
"TPM dosage of 2/4 mg/kg/day (without/with EIEADs, respectively) provides the AUC reported in adults."	( Topiramate pharmacokinetics in infants and young children: contribution of population analysis. Bouillon-Pichault, M; Chhun, S; Chiron, C; Dulac, O; Jullien, V; Nabbout, R; Pons, G; Rey, E, 2011)	1.81
" According to meta-regression analysis, treatment duration and dosage were associated with the efficacy of topiramate treatment."	( Efficacy and safety of topiramate on weight loss: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Azevedo, MJ; Canani, LH; Gross, JL; Kramer, CK; Leitão, CB; Pinto, LC, 2011)	0.89
" During the open-label extensions of these studies, study medication was first titrated to a dose of 25 mg/kg/d with subsequent uptitration to the maximum dosage tolerated, or seizure freedom, or a maximum of 60 mg/kg/d, whichever occurred first."	( Long-term open-label study of adjunctive topiramate in infants with refractory partial-onset seizures. Eerdekens, M; Ford, L; Manitpisitkul, P; Ness, S; Nye, JS; Puri, V; Sattaluri, SJ; Shalayda, K; Todd, M; Wang, S; Yuen, E, 2011)	0.64
"The amount of weight loss appears to be related to some factors such as the duration of the treatment and a high baseline body mass index (BMI), while the role of daily dosage and gender of patients is controversial."	( Topiramate-induced weight loss: a review. Agostinelli, S; Chiarelli, F; Di Pillo, S; Grosso, S; Scaparrotta, A; Verrotti, A, 2011)	1.81
"TPM is able to induce weight loss, especially in high baseline BMI patients, not strictly depending on daily dosage and perhaps not influenced by gender."	( Topiramate-induced weight loss: a review. Agostinelli, S; Chiarelli, F; Di Pillo, S; Grosso, S; Scaparrotta, A; Verrotti, A, 2011)	1.81
"To compare the pharmacokinetics of USL255, a once-daily extended-release (ER) formulation of topiramate (TPM), with Topamax (immediate-release TPM) in healthy subjects after oral dosing and evaluate the effect of food on USL255 bioavailability and pharmacokinetics."	( Comparative pharmacokinetic analysis of USL255, a new once-daily extended-release formulation of topiramate. Bialer, M; Halvorsen, MB; Lambrecht, LJ; Shekh-Ahmad, T; Todd, WM, 2011)	0.81
"This randomized, single-center, open-label, cross-over design study had three dosing periods separated by 21 days of washout between treatments."	( Comparative pharmacokinetic analysis of USL255, a new once-daily extended-release formulation of topiramate. Bialer, M; Halvorsen, MB; Lambrecht, LJ; Shekh-Ahmad, T; Todd, WM, 2011)	0.59
" This relative flat plasma profile allows for once-daily dosing with diminished fluctuations in TPM plasma levels."	( Comparative pharmacokinetic analysis of USL255, a new once-daily extended-release formulation of topiramate. Bialer, M; Halvorsen, MB; Lambrecht, LJ; Shekh-Ahmad, T; Todd, WM, 2011)	0.59
"The study had evaluated the dose-response curves for nicotine and KA and for KA in nicotine-pretreated mice and for topiramate against KA-induced seizures."	( Nicotine reversal of anticonvulsant action of topiramate in kainic acid-induced seizure model in mice. Chakrabarti, A; Hota, D; Sahai, AK; Sood, N, 2011)	0.84
" There were no significant differences in sex distribution, number of antiepileptic agents, ammonia level, VPA serum level, underlying diseases, dosage of VPA, duration of VPA treatment, treatment of encephalopathy, and outcomes between the two groups."	( Topiramate increases the risk of valproic acid-induced encephalopathy. Chu, K; Jung, KH; Kim, DW; Lee, SK; Lee, ST; Moon, HJ; Noh, Y, 2013)	1.83
" A total of 183 patients were randomized to either rapid titration (initial dosage 100 mg/day increased by 100-200 mg at weekly intervals) or to slow titration (initial dosage 50 mg/day increased in 50 mg/day increments at weekly intervals)."	( [Titration comparative study of TOPINA Tablets in patients with localization related epilepsy: double-blind comparative study by rapid and slow titration methods]. Inoue, Y; Kaneko, S; Kato, M; Sasagawa, M, 2012)	0.38
" Mean PGB dosage was 279 mg/day."	( Effect of pregabalin add-on treatment on seizure control, quality of life, and anxiety in patients with brain tumour-related epilepsy: a pilot study. Carapella, CM; Dinapoli, L; Fabi, A; Maschio, M; Pace, A; Pompili, A; Sperati, F; Vidiri, A, 2012)	0.38
" Mild central nervous system cognitive adverse events and ataxia occurred between dosing and 2 h post dose with both intravenous and oral administration."	( Intravenous topiramate: comparison of pharmacokinetics and safety with the oral formulation in healthy volunteers. Brundage, RC; Clark, AM; Cloyd, JC; Kriel, RL; Leppik, IE; Marino, SE; Mishra, U, 2013)	0.77
" Pharmacokinetic results show that oral topiramate is completely absorbed and that its steady-state elimination half-life is longer than previously assumed, which permits once or twice daily dosing even in the presence of enzyme-inducing drugs."	( Intravenous topiramate: safety and pharmacokinetics following a single dose in patients with epilepsy or migraines taking oral topiramate. Brundage, RC; Clark, AM; Cloyd, JC; Henry, TR; Kriel, RL; Leppik, IE; White, JR, 2013)	1.04
"Meta-analysis demonstrates that topiramate in a 100 mg/day dosage is effective in reducing headache frequency and reasonably well-tolerated in adult patients with episodic migraine."	( Topiramate for the prophylaxis of episodic migraine in adults. Chronicle, EP; Linde, M; McCrory, DC; Mulleners, WM, 2013)	2.12
" The average TPM maintenance dosage (standard deviation) was 62."	( [Topiramate treatment for decreasing alcohol consumption in alcoholics: a comparative study of responders and nonresponders]. Yasunobu, K, 2013)	1.3
" This model allows individualisation of TPM dosing in routine patient care, especially useful for patients on different CBZ dosing regimen."	( Population pharmacokinetics of topiramate in adult patients with epilepsy using nonlinear mixed effects modelling. Grabnar, I; Jovanović, M; Miljković, B; Prostran, M; Sokić, D; Vovk, T; Vučićević, K, 2013)	0.68
" In groups receiving TOP, the medication dosage was titrated gradually up to 200 mg/day."	( Topiramate for smoking cessation: a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. Arias, AJ; Covault, J; Feinn, R; Kranzler, HR; Litt, M; Oncken, C; Sofuoglu, M, 2014)	1.85
" Co-administration of topiramate decreased systemic exposure of glyburide and its active metabolites; combined treatment may require dosing adjustments of glyburide as per clinical judgment and glycemic control."	( An open-label drug-drug interaction study of the steady-state pharmacokinetics of topiramate and glyburide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curtin, CR; Ford, L; Heald, DL; Manitpisitkul, P; Shalayda, K; Wang, SS, 2013)	0.93
" Therefore, the objective was to establish dosage guidelines for topiramate in chronic renal impairment, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis, or chronic hepatic impairment patients."	( Pharmacokinetics of topiramate in patients with renal impairment, end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis, or hepatic impairment. Curtin, CR; Ford, L; Heald, DL; Manitpisitkul, P; Shalayda, K; Wang, SS, 2014)	0.96
" Renal dosing for topiramate, reduction in PIMs/anticholinergic burden, and substituting haloperidol for olanzapine resolved his violent behavior and CD."	( Capgras delusion with violent behavior in Alzheimer dementia: case analysis with literature review. Dawood, A; Kaufman, KR; Newman, NB, 2014)	0.74
" Factors such as dosing frequency, potential adverse events, and availability of treatments may guide medication choice."	( Pharmacotherapy for adults with alcohol use disorders in outpatient settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Amick, HR; Bobashev, G; Feltner, C; Garbutt, JC; Gass, CE; Jonas, DE; Kim, MM; Rowe, CJ; Shanahan, E; Thomas, K; Wines, R, 2014)	0.4
"Evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of single doses of once-daily USL255, Qudexy XR (topiramate) extended-release capsules, over a wide dosing range."	( USL255 extended-release topiramate: dose-proportional pharmacokinetics and tolerability in healthy volunteers. Braun, TL; Clark, AM; Cloyd, JC; Halvorsen, MB; Johnson, KM, 2014)	0.92
"These results demonstrate that USL255 provides consistent plasma topiramate exposure across an extended-dosing interval and predictable plasma topiramate concentrations over a wide dosing range."	( USL255 extended-release topiramate: dose-proportional pharmacokinetics and tolerability in healthy volunteers. Braun, TL; Clark, AM; Cloyd, JC; Halvorsen, MB; Johnson, KM, 2014)	0.95
" After surgical treatment, sham and ischemic hypoxia group were treat with normal saline; conventional treatment group was received TPM solution 100 mg/kg, 2 times/d; degradation therapy group received TPM solution 150 mg/kg, 2 times/d, per 3 d treatment each dosage was reduced 50 mg/kg, the lowest reduced to 50 mg/kg."	( Protective effect of topiramate on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rat. Jiang, H; Lei, JJ; Zhang, YH, 2014)	0.72
" An analysis of variance was used to evaluate differences in pharmacokinetics with and without concomitant treatment; 90% confidence intervals (CI) for the ratio of the geometric least squares mean (LSM) estimates for maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under concentration-time curve for dosing interval (AUC12 or AUC24), and oral clearance (CL/F) with and without concomitant treatment were used to assess a drug interaction."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions between topiramate and pioglitazone and metformin. Curtin, CR; Ford, L; Heald, D; Manitpisitkul, P; Shalayda, K; Wang, SS, 2014)	0.68
"Despite the small sample size and the short follow-up period, the present PLA-controlled study demonstrated the potential usefulness of TOP, even when administered at a dosage of 100 mg/d, for the treatment of detoxified alcohol-dependent subjects, confirming results from previous studies testing higher doses of TOP."	( Low-dose topiramate in alcohol dependence: a single-blind, placebo-controlled study. Aliotta, F; De Vita, O; Di Giannantonio, M; Di Nicola, M; Guglielmo, R; Hatzigiakoumis, DS; Janiri, L; Martinotti, G; Petruccelli, F; Romanelli, R; Santucci, B; Verrastro, V, 2014)	0.82
" Cognitive testing took place at 2 time points: study weeks 4 through 5 to assess baseline performance and 10 to 13 weeks later to assess performance during stable dosing (300 mg topiramate or placebo)."	( Topiramate impairs cognitive function in methadone-maintained individuals with concurrent cocaine dependence. Bigelow, GE; Johnson, MW; Mintzer, MZ; Rass, O; Strain, EC; Umbricht, A, 2015)	2.05
"The present study aimed to establish population pharmacokinetic model for phenobarbital (PB), examining and quantifying the magnitude of PB interactions with other antiepileptic drugs concomitantly used and to demonstrate its use for individualization of PB dosing regimen in adult epileptic patients."	( Nonlinear mixed effects modelling approach in investigating phenobarbital pharmacokinetic interactions in epileptic patients. Golubović, B; Jovanović, M; Kovačević, SV; Martinović, Ž; Miljković, B; Prostran, M; Vučićević, K, 2015)	0.42
"Developed population PB model may be used in estimating individual CL/F for adult epileptic patients and could be applied for individualizing dosing regimen taking into account dose-dependent effect of concomitantly given VPA."	( Nonlinear mixed effects modelling approach in investigating phenobarbital pharmacokinetic interactions in epileptic patients. Golubović, B; Jovanović, M; Kovačević, SV; Martinović, Ž; Miljković, B; Prostran, M; Vučićević, K, 2015)	0.42
" Topiramate, within the dosage range of 75-300 mg/day, could be considered as a first-line treatment option for the management of AUDs."	( Topiramate in Alcohol Use Disorders: Review and Update. Di Nicola, M; Guglielmo, R; Ioime, L; Janiri, L; Kadilli, I; Martinotti, G; Quatrale, M, 2015)	2.77
" The duration and total dosage of topiramate were not associated with risk of urolithiasis in patients receiving topiramate (p=0."	( Topiramate may not increase risk of urolithiasis: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Chou, CY; Hsu, CY; Lin, HC; Lin, HL; Shen, AL; Tseng, YF, 2015)	2.14
" The duration and the total dosage of topiramate were not associated with urolithiasis risks."	( Topiramate may not increase risk of urolithiasis: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Chou, CY; Hsu, CY; Lin, HC; Lin, HL; Shen, AL; Tseng, YF, 2015)	2.13
" The severity of priapism reduced with reduction of dosage and disappeared with its discontinuation."	( Stuttering priapism associated with topiramate. Benegal, V; Manjunatha, N, )	0.41
" However, patients with epilepsy will inevitably be at least occasionally nonadherent with a prescribed dosing regimen, regardless of formulation."	( Pharmacokinetic simulations of topiramate plasma concentrations following dosing irregularities with extended-release vs. immediate-release formulations. Brittain, ST; Wheless, JW, 2015)	0.7
"Computer simulation was used to assess the impact of irregular dosing on topiramate (TPM) concentrations in noninduced (monotherapy/neutral cotherapy) and induced (adjunctive therapy with enzyme-inducing AEDs) states using a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model developed to predict steady-state plasma concentration-time profiles produced by once-daily Trokendi XR (extended-release topiramate capsules, Supernus Pharmaceuticals) and BID TPM-IR."	( Pharmacokinetic simulations of topiramate plasma concentrations following dosing irregularities with extended-release vs. immediate-release formulations. Brittain, ST; Wheless, JW, 2015)	0.93
" adherent dosing were greater in the induced vs."	( Pharmacokinetic simulations of topiramate plasma concentrations following dosing irregularities with extended-release vs. immediate-release formulations. Brittain, ST; Wheless, JW, 2015)	0.7
"Based on these simulations, dosing irregularities with once-daily Trokendi XR should pose no greater risk than with BID TPM-IR."	( Pharmacokinetic simulations of topiramate plasma concentrations following dosing irregularities with extended-release vs. immediate-release formulations. Brittain, ST; Wheless, JW, 2015)	0.7
" Patients were on stable TPM dosing regimen for at least 7 days; therefore, steady-state was assumed."	( Application of Counter-propagation Artificial Neural Networks in Prediction of Topiramate Concentration in Patients with Epilepsy. Erić, S; Grabnar, I; Jovanović, M; Kuzmanovski, I; Miljković, B; Prostran, M; Sokić, D; Vovk, T; Vučićević, K, 2015)	0.64
" This population PK model can be applied for optimizing topiramate dosage regimens in actual clinical practice."	( Factors influencing topiramate clearance in adult patients with epilepsy: A population pharmacokinetic analysis. Bae, EK; Jang, IJ; Kim, TJ; Lee, J; Lee, KJ; Lee, SK; Moon, J; Shin, D; Shin, JW; Shin, YW, 2016)	1
" Type I isobolographic analysis for parallel dose-response relationship curves (DRRCs) was used to analyze the 3-drug combination."	( Isobolographic Analysis of Interaction for Three-Drug Combination of Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital and Topiramate in the Mouse Maximal Electroshock-Induced Seizure Model. Luszczki, JJ, 2016)	0.65
" However, use of this agent has not been confirmed as effective for these patients, and the safe dosage for children aged <2 years has not yet been established."	( The Efficacy of Topiramate in Benign Paroxysmal Torticollis of Infancy: Report of Four Cases. Badihian, N; Badihian, S; Yaghini, O, 2016)	0.78
" In conclusion, current evidence suggests once-daily topiramate XR extends the treatment options currently available for patients aged ≥2 years with epilepsy, with its dosing regimen potentially delivering tolerability and adherence advantages over AEDs that require more frequent administration."	( Topiramate Extended Release: A Review in Epilepsy. Hoy, SM, 2016)	2.13
"This was a 12 week, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (Iranian Clinical Trial Registration Code: 201402085280N15) to assess the preventative effects and estimate the optimal dosage of topiramate in drug-induced weight gain."	( [Effect of Topiramate on Drug Associated Weight Gain of Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar I Disorders: A Dose Ranging Randomized Trial]. Farıdhosseını, F; Fayyazı Bordbar, MR; Kazemı, H; Rezaeı Ardanı, A; Talaeı, A, 2016)	1.01
"The aim of this review was to evaluate current literature for dosing recommendations for the use of antiepileptic medications in patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT)."	( Antiepileptic dosing for critically ill adult patients receiving renal replacement therapy. Bastin, ML; Cook, AM; Oyler, DR; Smetana, KS, 2016)	0.43
" Micromedex® DRUGDEX as well as package inserts were used to obtain known pharmacokinetic properties and dosage adjustment recommendations in RRT if known."	( Antiepileptic dosing for critically ill adult patients receiving renal replacement therapy. Bastin, ML; Cook, AM; Oyler, DR; Smetana, KS, 2016)	0.43
"Data regarding antiepileptic drug use in RRT are limited and mostly consist of case reports limiting our proposed dosing recommendations."	( Antiepileptic dosing for critically ill adult patients receiving renal replacement therapy. Bastin, ML; Cook, AM; Oyler, DR; Smetana, KS, 2016)	0.43
"Additional studies are necessary before specific dosing recommendations can be made for most antiepileptic drugs in critically ill patients receiving RRT, specifically with newer agents."	( Antiepileptic dosing for critically ill adult patients receiving renal replacement therapy. Bastin, ML; Cook, AM; Oyler, DR; Smetana, KS, 2016)	0.43
" The initial dosage of TPM was 1-3 mg·kg·d."	( Topiramate Blood Levels During Polytherapy for Epilepsy in Children. Ishii, M; Iwasaki, T; Toki, T, )	1.57
"Measuring blood levels of TPM based on the classification of concomitant drugs and adjusting the dosage to reach the optimal range were recommended."	( Topiramate Blood Levels During Polytherapy for Epilepsy in Children. Ishii, M; Iwasaki, T; Toki, T, )	1.57
"Topiramate at a daily dosage of up to 200 mg per day, combined with smoking cessation and medication adherence counseling, had no effects on smoking cessation or the prevention of alcohol or drug relapse in male smokers who were in early or sustained full remission from alcohol and motivated to make a quit attempt."	( A Randomized Trial Evaluating Whether Topiramate Aids Smoking Cessation and Prevents Alcohol Relapse in Recovering Alcohol-Dependent Men. Anthenelli, RM; Dinh, E; Doran, N; Heffner, JL; Isgro, M; Russell, K; Tibbs, J; Wehrle, C; Wong, E; Worley, MJ, 2017)	2.17
" A population pharmacokinetic (PPK) analysis was performed to improve the topiramate dosage adjustment for individualized treatment."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Topiramate in Japanese Pediatric and Adult Patients With Epilepsy Using Routinely Monitored Data. Ikeda, A; Ito, S; Matsubara, K; Sugimoto, M; Takeuchi, M; Yamamoto, S; Yano, I; Yonezawa, A, 2017)	0.97
" Simulations based on the final model showed that dosage adjustments allometrically scaling to body weight can equalize the serum concentrations in children of various ages and adults."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Topiramate in Japanese Pediatric and Adult Patients With Epilepsy Using Routinely Monitored Data. Ikeda, A; Ito, S; Matsubara, K; Sugimoto, M; Takeuchi, M; Yamamoto, S; Yano, I; Yonezawa, A, 2017)	0.74
" Dosage adjustments based on body weight and concomitant antiepileptic drug help obtain the dosage of topiramate necessary to reach an effective concentration in each individual."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Topiramate in Japanese Pediatric and Adult Patients With Epilepsy Using Routinely Monitored Data. Ikeda, A; Ito, S; Matsubara, K; Sugimoto, M; Takeuchi, M; Yamamoto, S; Yano, I; Yonezawa, A, 2017)	0.96
"One hundred twenty-nine abstinent alcohol-dependent outpatient male smokers participated in this 12-week, randomized controlled trial comparing topiramate (maximum dosage 200 mg/day) with placebo, both with brief counseling, for smoking cessation."	( Type A/Type B Alcoholism Predicts Differential Response to Topiramate in a Smoking Cessation Trial in Dually Diagnosed Men. Anthenelli, RM; Bittner, T; Dinh, E; Doran, N; Heffner, JL; Isgro, M; Russell, K; Tibbs, J; Wehrle, C; Wong, E; Worley, MJ, 2017)	0.9
" Therefore, drug monitoring is necessary for appropriate dosage adjustments."	( Chromatographic determination of zonisamide, topiramate and sulpiride in plasma by a fluorescent 'turn-on' chemosensor. Barary, MA; El-Yazbi, AF; Ibrahim, FA; Wagih, MM, 2017)	0.71
" To better understand the potential effects of topiramate, we dosed adult female zebrafish with topiramate, and investigated the altered morphologies in adult females and their offspring."	( Teratogenic Effects of Topiramate in a Zebrafish Model. Chen, YH; Ding, YJ; Lai, YH; Moses, D, 2017)	1.02
" The intervention group will be prescribed topiramate in addition to their antipsychotics in a predefined dosing regimen targeting a dose of 100 mg per day."	( Topiramate's effectiveness on weight reduction in overweight/obese persons with schizophrenia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Champika, L; Chandradasa, M; de Silva, S; Kuruppuarachchi, KALA, 2017)	2.16
"The number of patients in each of the three BRV dosage groups was small, particularly for the TPM subgroup."	( Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of brivaracetam with concomitant lamotrigine or concomitant topiramate in pooled Phase III randomized, double-blind trials: A post-hoc analysis. Benbadis, S; Diaz, A; Elmoufti, S; Klein, P; Schiemann, J; Whitesides, J, 2018)	0.7
" Due to worsening of the seizures, the dosage of this drug was increased and afterwards lowdosage topiramate was initiated."	( A Probable Topiramate-Induced Limbs Paraesthesia and Rigid Fingers Flexion. Falsaperla, R; Pavone, P; Pratico, AD; Ruggieri, M, 2018)	1.09
"Evidence for the comparative teratogenic risk of antiepileptic drugs is insufficient, particularly in relation to the dosage used."	( Comparative risk of major congenital malformations with eight different antiepileptic drugs: a prospective cohort study of the EURAP registry. Battino, D; Bonizzoni, E; Craig, J; Lindhout, D; Perucca, E; Sabers, A; Thomas, SV; Tomson, T; Vajda, F, 2018)	0.48
" In the clinical setting, these findings can help to estimate LTG concentrations and adjust dosage and evaluate adverse drug reactions."	( The influence of concomitant antiepileptic drugs on lamotrigine serum concentrations in Northwest Chinese Han population with epilepsy. Han, X; Huang, J; Lv, J; Ma, L; Nie, X; Peng, L; Wang, J; Xia, L; Zan, X, 2019)	0.51
" Meanwhile, the dosage of quetiapine was escalated up to 500 mg per night to stabilize her mood."	( Topiramate precipitating a manic episode in a bipolar patient comorbid with binge eating disorder: A case report. Duan, J; Hu, S; Huang, M; Lai, J; Lu, J; Wang, D; Xu, Y; Zhou, W, 2019)	1.96
" The aim of this study was to establish a PPK model of MHD to investigate the effects of genetic polymorphisms in UGT2B7, UGT1A9, ABCB1, and ABCB2 in adult Chinese patients with epilepsy and to develop a new dosage guideline for OXC."	( Glomerular Filtration Rate Is a Major Predictor of Clearance of Oxcarbazepine Active Metabolite in Adult Chinese Epileptic Patients: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis. Jiao, Z; Lin, RF; Lin, S; Lin, WW; Lin, XH; Wang, CL; Yu, XL; Zhang, J; Zhang, WB, 2019)	0.51
" Moreover, a new dosage guideline was proposed based on the final model to individualize OXC regimens for adult patients with varying BW and renal function."	( Glomerular Filtration Rate Is a Major Predictor of Clearance of Oxcarbazepine Active Metabolite in Adult Chinese Epileptic Patients: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis. Jiao, Z; Lin, RF; Lin, S; Lin, WW; Lin, XH; Wang, CL; Yu, XL; Zhang, J; Zhang, WB, 2019)	0.51
" Our results warrant further studies with higher loading and maintenance dosing of topiramate."	( Topiramate plus Cooling for Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter, Double-Blinded Trial. Benavente-Fernández, I; Blanco, D; Boix, H; Cabañas, F; Cernada, M; Chaffanel, M; Cordeiro, M; Fernández-Colomer, B; Fernández-Lorenzo, JR; García-Robles, A; Hervás, D; Kuligowski, J; Llorens, R; Lorente-Pozo, S; Loureiro, B; Marqués, R; Martinez-Rodilla, J; Moral-Pumarega, MT; Nuñez-Ramiro, A; Parra-Llorca, A; Pavón, A; Sánchez-Illana, A; Tofé, I; Valverde, E; Vento, M, 2019)	2.18
" Collectively, healthcare providers should take these factors in consideration for optimal valproic acid dosage regimen."	( Estimation of apparent clearance of valproic acid in adult Saudi patients. Alandas, N; Alqahtani, S; Alsultan, A, 2019)	0.51
" Daily dosage of AED was not significantly associated with psychosis."	( Increased frequency of psychosis after second-generation antiepileptic drug administration in adults with focal epilepsy. Adachi, N; Akanuma, N; Fenwick, P; Hara, K; Ishii, R; Ito, M; Kato, M; Okazaki, M; Onuma, T; Sekimoto, M, 2019)	0.51
"The adequate dosing of topiramate in neonates undergoing therapeutic hypothermia has not been established."	( Topiramate pharmacokinetics in neonates undergoing therapeutic hypothermia and proposal of an optimised dosing schedule. Garcia-Robles, A; Mangas-Sanjuan, V; Marques, MR; Peris, JE; Poveda, JL; Usach, I; Vento, M, 2020)	2.31
"Neonates (n = 52) with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy and subjected to therapeutic hypothermia were dosed with topiramate, 5 mg/kg on day one and 3 mg/kg on days two to five, to decrease seizure events."	( Topiramate pharmacokinetics in neonates undergoing therapeutic hypothermia and proposal of an optimised dosing schedule. Garcia-Robles, A; Mangas-Sanjuan, V; Marques, MR; Peris, JE; Poveda, JL; Usach, I; Vento, M, 2020)	2.21
" A modified dosage schedule was designed with the aim of obtaining more than 90% of patients with topiramate concentrations within the therapeutic range after the first dose."	( Topiramate pharmacokinetics in neonates undergoing therapeutic hypothermia and proposal of an optimised dosing schedule. Garcia-Robles, A; Mangas-Sanjuan, V; Marques, MR; Peris, JE; Poveda, JL; Usach, I; Vento, M, 2020)	2.22
"The dosage schedule of topiramate in these patients should be modified with the aim of decreasing the frequency of seizure events."	( Topiramate pharmacokinetics in neonates undergoing therapeutic hypothermia and proposal of an optimised dosing schedule. Garcia-Robles, A; Mangas-Sanjuan, V; Marques, MR; Peris, JE; Poveda, JL; Usach, I; Vento, M, 2020)	2.31
" Model building consisted of (i) developing a placebo effect model that describes response from the placebo group, (ii) adding a drug effect to the placebo model to describe dose-response relationships, and (iii) developing a parametric time to event model to characterize patient dropout patterns."	( An Innovative Disease-Drug-Trial Framework to Guide Binge Eating Disorder Drug Development: A Case Study for Topiramate. Gobburu, J; Gopalakrishnan, M; Kalaria, SN; McElroy, SL, 2020)	0.77
" The efficacy of MMF as an immunosuppressant and long-term safety in cats of this dosage regimen is unknown."	( Abrams, G; Adolfsson, E; Agarwal, PK; Akkan, AG; Al Alhareth, NS; Alves, VGL; Armentano, R; Bahroos, E; Baig, M; Baldridge, KK; Barman, S; Bartolucci, C; Basit, A; Bertoli, SV; Bian, L; Bigatti, G; Bobenko, AI; Boix, PP; Bokulic, T; Bolink, HJ; Borowiec, J; Bulski, W; Burciaga, J; Butt, NS; Cai, AL; Campos, AM; Cao, G; Cao, Y; Čapo, I; Caruso, ML; Chao, CT; Cheatum, CM; Chelminski, K; Chen, AJW; Chen, C; Chen, CH; Chen, D; Chen, G; Chen, H; Chen, LH; Chen, R; Chen, RX; Chen, X; Cherdtrakulkiat, R; Chirvony, VS; Cho, JG; Chu, K; Ciurlino, D; Coletta, S; Contaldo, G; Crispi, F; Cui, JF; D'Esposito, M; de Biase, S; Demir, B; Deng, W; Deng, Z; Di Pinto, F; Domenech-Ximenos, B; Dong, G; Drácz, L; Du, XJ; Duan, LJ; Duan, Y; Ekendahl, D; Fan, W; Fang, L; Feng, C; Followill, DS; Foreman, SC; Fortunato, G; Frew, R; Fu, M; Gaál, V; Ganzevoort, W; Gao, DM; Gao, X; Gao, ZW; Garcia-Alvarez, A; Garza, MS; Gauthier, L; Gazzaz, ZJ; Ge, RS; Geng, Y; Genovesi, S; Geoffroy, V; Georg, D; Gigli, GL; Gong, J; Gong, Q; Groeneveld, J; Guerra, V; Guo, Q; Guo, X; Güttinger, R; Guyo, U; Haldar, J; Han, DS; Han, S; Hao, W; Hayman, A; He, D; Heidari, A; Heller, S; Ho, CT; Ho, SL; Hong, SN; Hou, YJ; Hu, D; Hu, X; Hu, ZY; Huang, JW; Huang, KC; Huang, Q; Huang, T; Hwang, JK; Izewska, J; Jablonski, CL; Jameel, T; Jeong, HK; Ji, J; Jia, Z; Jiang, W; Jiang, Y; Kalumpha, M; Kang, JH; Kazantsev, P; Kazemier, BM; Kebede, B; Khan, SA; Kiss, J; Kohen, A; Kolbenheyer, E; Konai, MM; Koniarova, I; Kornblith, E; Krawetz, RJ; Kreouzis, T; Kry, SF; Laepple, T; Lalošević, D; Lan, Y; Lawung, R; Lechner, W; Lee, KH; Lee, YH; Leonard, C; Li, C; Li, CF; Li, CM; Li, F; Li, J; Li, L; Li, S; Li, X; Li, Y; Li, YB; Li, Z; Liang, C; Lin, J; Lin, XH; Ling, M; Link, TM; Liu, HH; Liu, J; Liu, M; Liu, W; Liu, YP; Lou, H; Lu, G; Lu, M; Lun, SM; Ma, Z; Mackensen, A; Majumdar, S; Martineau, C; Martínez-Pastor, JP; McQuaid, JR; Mehrabian, H; Meng, Y; Miao, T; Miljković, D; Mo, J; Mohamed, HSH; Mohtadi, M; Mol, BWJ; Moosavi, L; Mosdósi, B; Nabu, S; Nava, E; Ni, L; Novakovic-Agopian, T; Nyamunda, BC; Nyul, Z; Önal, B; Özen, D; Özyazgan, S; Pajkrt, E; Palazon, F; Park, HW; Patai, Á; Patai, ÁV; Patzke, GR; Payette, G; Pedoia, V; Peelen, MJCS; Pellitteri, G; Peng, J; Perea, RJ; Pérez-Del-Rey, D; Popović, DJ; Popović, JK; Popović, KJ; Posecion, L; Povall, J; Prachayasittikul, S; Prachayasittikul, V; Prat-González, S; Qi, B; Qu, B; Rakshit, S; Ravelli, ACJ; Ren, ZG; Rivera, SM; Salo, P; Samaddar, S; Samper, JLA; Samy El Gendy, NM; Schmitt, N; Sekerbayev, KS; Sepúlveda-Martínez, Á; Sessolo, M; Severi, S; Sha, Y; Shen, FF; Shen, X; Shen, Y; Singh, P; Sinthupoom, N; Siri, S; Sitges, M; Slovak, JE; Solymosi, N; Song, H; Song, J; Song, M; Spingler, B; Stewart, I; Su, BL; Su, JF; Suming, L; Sun, JX; Tantimavanich, S; Tashkandi, JM; Taurbayev, TI; Tedgren, AC; Tenhunen, M; Thwaites, DI; Tibrewala, R; Tomsejm, M; Triana, CA; Vakira, FM; Valdez, M; Valente, M; Valentini, AM; Van de Winckel, A; van der Lee, R; Varga, F; Varga, M; Villarino, NF; Villemur, R; Vinatha, SP; Vincenti, A; Voskamp, BJ; Wang, B; Wang, C; Wang, H; Wang, HT; Wang, J; Wang, M; Wang, N; Wang, NC; Wang, Q; Wang, S; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Wen, N; Wesolowska, P; Willis, M; Wu, C; Wu, D; Wu, L; Wu, X; Wu, Z; Xia, JM; Xia, X; Xia, Y; Xiao, J; Xiao, Y; Xie, CL; Xie, LM; Xie, S; Xing, Z; Xu, C; Xu, J; Yan, D; Yan, K; Yang, S; Yang, X; Yang, XW; Ye, M; Yin, Z; Yoon, N; Yoon, Y; Yu, H; Yu, K; Yu, ZY; Zhang, B; Zhang, GY; Zhang, H; Zhang, J; Zhang, M; Zhang, Q; Zhang, S; Zhang, W; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhang, YW; Zhang, Z; Zhao, D; Zhao, F; Zhao, P; Zhao, W; Zhao, Z; Zheng, C; Zhi, D; Zhou, C; Zhou, FY; Zhu, D; Zhu, J; Zhu, Q; Zinyama, NP; Zou, M; Zou, Z, 2019)	0.51
" Furthermore, most preclinical antiepileptogenic studies lack information needed for translation, such as dose-blood level relationship, brain target engagement, and dose-response, and many use treatment parameters that cannot be applied clinically, for example, treatment initiation before or at the time of injury and dosing higher than tolerated human equivalent dosing."	( Repurposed molecules for antiepileptogenesis: Missing an opportunity to prevent epilepsy? Bar-Klein, G; Friedman, A; Hameed, MQ; Jozwiak, S; Kaminski, RM; Klein, P; Klitgaard, H; Koepp, M; Löscher, W; Prince, DA; Rotenberg, A; Twyman, R; Vezzani, A; Wong, M, 2020)	0.56
"Thirty-four participants with an ICSD-2/ICSD-3 diagnosis of SRED with >6 months of symptoms and ≥3 sleep-related eating episodes per week were randomized to placebo or topiramate with flexible dosing to a maximum dosage of 300 mg for 13 weeks."	( Topiramate reduces nocturnal eating in sleep-related eating disorder. Mei, L; Purks, J; Schoerning, L; Winkelman, JW; Wipper, B, 2020)	2.2
" By identifying patient- and exposure-related characteristics that modulate the severity of cognitive side effects, topiramate dosing strategies may be individually tailored in the future to prevent unwanted cognitive impairment."	( Severity of Topiramate-Related Working Memory Impairment Is Modulated by Plasma Concentration and Working Memory Capacity. Barkley, CM; Bathena, SPR; Birnbaum, AK; Callisto, SP; Illamola, SM; Leppik, IE; Marino, SE, 2020)	1.15
" Topiramate was started at a dosage of 25 mg by mouth twice daily and after 3 weeks titrated to a dosage of 100 mg by mouth twice daily for maintenance therapy."	( Carbonation dysgeusia associated with topiramate. Capoccia, K; Charbonneau, M; Doyle-Campbell, C; Laskey, C, 2020)	1.74
" In our previous study, we demonstrated that Topiramate modulates brain activity in the prefrontal areas involved in the modulation of the subcortical circuit mediating aggression, and we found indirect evidence that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) could be a key site where Topiramate may exert its dose-response effects on aggression."	( Bidirectional effects of Topiramate on anterior cingulate cortex region related aggressive behavior. Ba-M'hamed, S; Bennis, M; Bouchatta, O; Chaibi, I, 2020)	1.12
" Logistic regression analysis showed that carbamazepine dosage had a statistically significant relationship with a decreasing rate of patient-recognized depression occurring during pregnancy and topiramate dosage with an increasing rate."	( Antiepileptic drugs and depression during pregnancy in women with epilepsy. Eadie, MJ; Graham, JE; Hitchcock, AA; Horgan, D; Lander, CM; Mitchell, J; O'Brien, TJ; Vajda, FJE, 2020)	0.75
" Patients were randomized to receive either topiramate (maximal daily dosage of 200 mg/day) or placebo and were administered an fMRI alcohol cue-reactivity task at baseline (before starting medication) and after 6 weeks of double-blind treatment."	( Effects of topiramate on neural responses to alcohol cues in treatment-seeking individuals with alcohol use disorder: preliminary findings from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Franklin, TR; Jagannathan, K; Kranzler, HR; Lynch, KG; Morris, P; Pond, T; Romer, D; Spilka, N; Wetherill, RR, 2021)	1.27
"2% male) to receive 12 weeks of treatment with topiramate (N = 85), at a maximal daily dosage of 200 mg, or matching placebo (N = 85)."	( Prospective randomized pharmacogenetic study of topiramate for treating alcohol use disorder. Crist, RC; Hartwell, EE; Kampman, KM; Kranzler, HR; Lynch, KG; Morris, PE; Pond, T, 2021)	1.13
" In patients, who fail to respond to the preventive treatment, it is essential to review the diagnosis of migraine, titrate the dosage and duration of preventive treatment and ensure patient compliance."	( Preventive Oral Treatment of Episodic Migraine: An Overview. Kanthimathinathan, S; Ramamurthy, G; Ranganathan, LN, )	0.13
" Exposure to certain newer ASMs, such as lamotrigine and levetiracetam, does not thus far appear to impact certain aspects of neurodevelopment, but further delineation across the different neurodevelopmental domains and dosage levels is required."	( Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children exposed to newer antiseizure medications: A systematic review. Bromley, RL; Knight, R; Wittkowski, A, 2021)	0.62
" The time of maximal anticonvulsant effect and the dose-response relationship of the drugs were assessed."	( Effects of new antiseizure drugs on seizure activity and anxiety-like behavior in adult zebrafish. Doboszewska, U; Guz, L; Pieróg, M; Poleszak, E; Serefko, A; Socała, K; Szopa, A; Wlaź, P; Wyska, E, 2021)	0.62
" Miscommunication and inappropriate topiramate dosing (2,500 mg twice) resulted in an acute topiramate intoxication."	( Iatrogenic topiramate poisoning in an ICU patient: Focus on topiramate peak time prolongation. Foudraine, N; Hoebregts, VMG; Janssen, PKC; le Noble, JLML, 2021)	1.29
" These infants did not differ in gestational age, birth weight, seizure etiology, postmenstrual age, weight when topiramate was initiated, or dosing of topiramate."	( Topiramate Is Safe for Refractory Neonatal Seizures: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Risk. Horn, PS; Natarajan, N; Pardo, AC; Rang, K; Thomas, CW; Vawter-Lee, M, 2022)	2.37
" This practical guide provides an overview of these main ASMs including their indications/contraindications, mechanism of action, efficacy, safety and tolerability profile, dosage requirements, and laboratory and clinical parameters to be evaluated."	( A Practical Guide to the Treatment of Dravet Syndrome with Anti-Seizure Medication. Schubert-Bast, S; Strzelczyk, A, 2022)	0.72
"This review aims to identify the optimal therapeutic dosage of anti-epileptic drugs in terms of efficacy and safety in patients with multiple comorbidities."	( Individualizing doses of antiepileptic drugs. Burchiani, B; Di Cara, G; Liparoti, G; Mencaroni, E; Tripodi, D; Verrotti, A, 2022)	0.72
" Effects of baseline AUDIT-C score and daily topiramate dosage were also tested."	( Association of topiramate prescribed for any indication with reduced alcohol consumption in electronic health record data. Fiellin, DA; Hartwell, EE; Kranzler, HR; Leong, SH; Naps, M; Rentsch, CT, 2022)	1.33
", dosage and adverse effects) ."	( 2022 Taiwan Guidelines for Preventive Treatment of Migraine. Wu, JW; Yang, CP, 2022)	0.72
"To determine the influences of one or two consecutive missed topiramate (TPM) doses on TPM pharmacokinetics and to suggest the proper TPM replacement dosing schemes using Monte Carlo simulations."	( Simulations of topiramate dosage recommendations for poor compliance events. Charoenchokthavee, W; Methaneethorn, J, 2022)	1.32
"Monte Carlo simulations were performed for various replacement dosing schemes using the parameters from the published population pharmacokinetic models."	( Simulations of topiramate dosage recommendations for poor compliance events. Charoenchokthavee, W; Methaneethorn, J, 2022)	1.07
" Significantly lower scores were observed in topiramate-exposed children (n = 21) with a significant dose-response relationship established after adjustment for parental educational level."	( Adaptive behaviour in children exposed to topiramate in the womb: An observational cohort study. Bromley, RL; Craig, J; Irwin, B; Knight, R; Wittkowski, A, 2023)	1.43
"70) mg/day dosage tertiles, irrespective of AUD history."	( Effects of topiramate therapy on serum bicarbonate concentration in a sample of 10,279 veterans. Hartwell, EE; Kranzler, HR; Leong, SH; Naps, MS; Rentsch, CT, 2023)	1.3
" The aims of this two-phase study were to establish single-dose pharmacokinetics for topiramate XR in cats, identify a dosing regimen that maintains steady-state plasma drug concentrations within a reference range extrapolated from human medicine (5-20 μg/mL), and evaluate the safety of topiramate XR in cats following multidose administration."	( The pharmacokinetics of single oral dose extended-release topiramate and adverse effects after multi-dose administration in healthy cats. Foss, KD; Graham, LT; Hague, DW; Li, Z; Reinhart, JM; Smith, KM, 2023)	1.38
"This retrospective single-center study evaluated the change in required dosage of acetazolamide and topiramate before and after dural venous sinus stent placement (VSSP) for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)."	( Dural Venous Sinus Stent Placement Reduces Dosage Requirements for Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Patients with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension. Martin, J; Sanborn, MR, 2023)	1.13
" The current target dosing for topiramate monotherapy is 400 mg/day and 100 mg/day to treat epilepsy and migraines, respectively."	( Narrative Review of Topiramate: Clinical Uses and Pharmacological Considerations. Ahmadzadeh, S; Babin, CP; Blake, JC; Catalano, NT; Kaye, AD; Pearl, NZ; Shekoohi, S, 2023)	1.52
" Scores measuring general cognition (global, verbal and performance IQ), working memory, episodic memory, executive functions, and language abilities were correlated with ASM type, number, dosage and generation (old vs."	( Cognitive effect of antiseizure medications in medial temporal lobe epilepsy. Denos, M; Dupont, S; Dusanter, C; Herlin, B; Houot, M; Mere, M; Navarro, V; Samson, S, 2023)	0.91
" Hyperammonemia was more common in patients with higher VPA dosage and higher total drug loads of concurrent antiseizure medications (ASMs)."	( Risk factors of hyperammonemia in epilepsy patients with valproic acid therapy. Kim, DW; Kwack, DW, 2023)	0.91

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Role	Description
anticonvulsant	A drug used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity.
sodium channel blocker	An agent that inhibits sodium influx through cell membranes.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
cyclic ketal	A ketal in the molecule of which the ketal carbon and one or both oxygen atoms thereon are members of a ring.
sulfamate ester
ketohexose derivative	A hexose derivative that is formally obtained from a ketohexose.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.0028	0.0032	45.4673	12,589.2998	AID2517
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	17.3739	0.0008	17.5051	59.3239	AID1159527
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	57.8067	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224848; AID1224849
pregnane X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	30.6379	0.0054	28.0263	1,258.9301	AID1346982
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	8.4127	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID743080
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.2500	0.2500	0.2500	0.2500	AID977610
Carbonic anhydrase	Astrosclera willeyana	Ki	0.0380	0.0320	1.5172	9.6000	AID644379
Carbonic anhydrase	Sulfurihydrogenibium sp. YO3AOP1	Ki	0.0066	0.0045	0.1624	0.8760	AID1268964
Carbonic anhydrase	Stylophora pistillata	Ki	0.0291	0.0000	0.6867	10.0000	AID436565; AID552130
Carbonic anhydrase	Stylophora pistillata	Ki	0.3670	0.0000	0.5071	5.7100	AID552131
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	133.0000	0.6315	4.4531	9.3000	AID1473740
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	133.0000	0.2000	5.6774	10.0000	AID1473741
Carbonic anhydrase	Helicobacter pylori 26695	Ki	0.1885	0.0200	0.5486	4.3600	AID261581; AID263638
Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	21.3774	0.0002	1.1043	9.9000	AID1067227; AID1442647; AID1766625; AID1796980; AID1798596; AID238316; AID239126; AID272527; AID311032; AID365987; AID396640; AID441209; AID441714; AID474210; AID484163; AID588022; AID607836; AID770582
Prolyl endopeptidase	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.0630	0.0000	0.1084	0.6300	AID578223
Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	566.5000	0.1100	7.1903	10.0000	AID1449628; AID1473738
Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.2500	0.0058	2.1410	7.9000	AID50344
Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	8.4445	0.0000	1.3726	10.0000	AID1067230; AID1142833; AID1188134; AID1190063; AID1194024; AID1195369; AID1262263; AID1268962; AID1275913; AID1287517; AID1354954; AID1434427; AID1442644; AID1453412; AID1534901; AID1628036; AID1755142; AID1766622; AID1796552; AID1796980; AID1797528; AID1798596; AID1798769; AID238247; AID238276; AID238536; AID238957; AID261579; AID263636; AID272520; AID275807; AID295289; AID311023; AID349605; AID351811; AID365978; AID366657; AID367820; AID369271; AID371554; AID414955; AID427125; AID436563; AID436746; AID441206; AID441705; AID474207; AID47709; AID484154; AID497127; AID50350; AID50355; AID50357; AID50362; AID50368; AID552127; AID577526; AID578221; AID588019; AID588186; AID599953; AID601813; AID607833; AID612725; AID644380; AID669320; AID725955; AID743515; AID764719; AID770586
Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.8683	0.0002	1.1060	8.3000	AID1058345; AID471566; AID47748
Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	6.8337	0.0000	0.7236	9.9200	AID1058345; AID1061069; AID1067229; AID1142834; AID1188135; AID1190064; AID1194025; AID1195370; AID1240217; AID1262264; AID1268963; AID1275912; AID1278409; AID1287518; AID1354955; AID1434428; AID1442645; AID1453413; AID1534902; AID1628037; AID1755143; AID1766623; AID1796552; AID1796582; AID1796771; AID1796980; AID1797528; AID1798596; AID1798769; AID238255; AID238300; AID238574; AID238852; AID238986; AID239219; AID239220; AID254247; AID256963; AID261580; AID263637; AID272521; AID275808; AID295290; AID311024; AID328195; AID349606; AID351810; AID365979; AID366658; AID367821; AID369272; AID371555; AID414956; AID427124; AID436564; AID436747; AID437749; AID441207; AID441706; AID471569; AID474208; AID47719; AID47898; AID47903; AID47905; AID47933; AID48092; AID484155; AID497129; AID552128; AID577527; AID578222; AID588020; AID588187; AID599954; AID601814; AID607834; AID612726; AID644381; AID648178; AID648179; AID648180; AID669115; AID669321; AID725956; AID743514; AID764718; AID770585
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	97.0000	0.0040	1.1485	4.7300	AID1058310; AID471864
Carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	244.1792	0.0002	2.0102	10.0000	AID1798596; AID301578; AID365980; AID441707; AID484156
Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0100	0.0001	1.4162	9.9000	AID1354955
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0009	0.0001	0.0304	0.1570	AID669485
Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0100	0.0018	0.3873	3.3000	AID1354955
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0009	0.0009	0.0401	0.1170	AID669485
Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	27.7630	0.0002	1.9720	9.9200	AID1796980; AID1798596; AID238575; AID272522; AID295291; AID311026; AID365981; AID371556; AID441708; AID484157
Carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	37.4907	0.0001	1.4710	9.9200	AID1798596; AID1798769; AID275806; AID311029; AID365984; AID369273; AID441711; AID484160; AID552129
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Ki	0.0930	0.0030	0.4560	3.0000	AID1797528
Carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	1.4000	1.4000	1.4000	1.4000	AID242023
Delta-type opioid receptor	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Ki	0.1300	0.0000	0.5393	9.4000	AID1188134; AID1188135
Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0300	0.0001	0.8300	10.0000	AID1354957
Delta-type opioid receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.0177	0.0000	0.6068	9.2330	AID1188135; AID239287
Mu-type opioid receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.2500	0.0000	0.3845	8.6000	AID1188134
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	22.5661	0.0000	1.2725	9.9000	AID1354956; AID1796582; AID1796980; AID1798596; AID239287; AID256964; AID272523; AID295292; AID311027; AID365982; AID366659; AID371557; AID436748; AID441709; AID484158; AID578223
Carbonic anhydrase	Methanosarcina thermophila	Ki	0.5700	0.0600	0.9714	8.5000	AID239145; AID239146
Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	18.9008	0.0002	1.3737	9.9000	AID1060765; AID1354958; AID1442646; AID1534903; AID1755144; AID1766624; AID1796980; AID1798596; AID238256; AID272525; AID295293; AID311030; AID365985; AID396642; AID441712; AID484161; AID593734; AID600082; AID601815; AID669485; AID764717; AID770584
Carbonic anhydrase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	Ki	0.1100	0.0820	0.5609	8.7000	AID367822
D(2) dopamine receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.0300	0.0000	0.4375	10.0000	AID436749
Carbonic anhydrase	Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv	Ki	3.0200	0.0120	2.7238	9.1200	AID588182
Mu-type opioid receptor	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	Ki	0.0100	0.0000	0.2786	9.0000	AID1188135
Beta-carbonic anhydrase 1	Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv	Ki	0.6113	0.0048	3.3841	9.8400	AID1798985; AID349607; AID588183
Carbonic anhydrase 2	Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv	Ki	0.4740	0.0090	2.2096	9.8400	AID437750
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.0300	0.0003	0.7071	6.6900	AID1354957
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	1.4600	0.0000	0.7307	8.0000	AID484165
Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	16.8509	0.0001	0.7874	9.9000	AID1067228; AID1354959; AID1534904; AID1755145; AID1796771; AID1796980; AID1798596; AID1798769; AID238987; AID239102; AID254248; AID272526; AID272530; AID275809; AID275810; AID295294; AID311031; AID351809; AID365986; AID369274; AID441208; AID441713; AID474209; AID48297; AID484162; AID588021; AID607835; AID669486; AID770583
Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family	Hydrogenovibrio crunogenus XCL-2	Ki	0.7690	0.0025	0.3234	1.1000	AID1268965
Carbonic anhydrase	Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii	Ki	0.3685	0.0100	0.7364	8.3470	AID588185; AID669116
Carbonic anhydrase	Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus str. Delta H	Ki	23.5000	5.3500	5.3500	5.3500	AID239250
Carbonic anhydrase	Candida albicans SC5314	Ki	0.9602	0.0105	1.4444	8.3470	AID1799266; AID427122; AID588184; AID669117
Carbonic anhydrase	Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito)	Ki	100.0000	0.0098	0.5117	4.3600	AID1195371
Delta carbonic anhydrase	Conticribra weissflogii	Ki	0.3920	0.0496	0.9978	9.2000	AID1061066
Carbonic anhydrase	Nakaseomyces glabratus CBS 138	Ki	0.1100	0.0070	1.2174	9.1700	AID744415
Carbonic anhydrase 13	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0470	0.0003	1.2309	9.8000	AID441715
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	133.0000	2.4100	6.3433	10.0000	AID1473739
Carbonic anhydrase 4	Bos taurus (cattle)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0540	0.0210	0.2060	0.6200	AID48112
Carbonic anhydrase 4	Bos taurus (cattle)	Ki	0.0713	0.0030	0.5934	9.6500	AID1797528; AID238597; AID48119; AID48124; AID48126; AID48130
Carbonic anhydrase 15	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Ki	0.0714	0.0009	1.8846	10.0000	AID1798769; AID369275; AID441717; AID484166
Carbonic anhydrase 13	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Ki	30.5338	0.0002	1.3974	9.9000	AID1796980; AID1798596; AID272528; AID311033; AID365988; AID484164
Carbonic anhydrase 14	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	23.8591	0.0002	1.5099	9.9000	AID1534906; AID1796980; AID1798596; AID239703; AID272529; AID295295; AID311034; AID351808; AID365989; AID396641; AID441716; AID484165; AID601816; AID669487
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	22.2735	0.0000	1.3412	9.9700	AID1354957; AID1796582; AID1796980; AID1798596; AID239287; AID256965; AID272524; AID311028; AID365983; AID366660; AID371558; AID436749; AID441710; AID484159; AID578224
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	0.1979	0.0000	0.4157	5.5500	AID266012; AID295948; AID328196
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	0.0254	0.0070	0.3864	1.0000	AID295949
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Carbonic anhydrase	Brucella suis 1330	Kinact	0.0570	0.0170	0.8628	5.8700	AID459696
Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)	Kinact	1.9019	0.0030	0.6674	9.6000	AID299547; AID300757
Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 11	Homo sapiens (human)	Kinact	0.0038	0.0038	0.0048	0.0057	AID300807
Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Kinact	0.2100	0.0100	0.9387	8.6000	AID299242; AID299538; AID300754; AID300803; AID456398; AID464118
Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Kinact	1.6830	0.0030	0.7946	10.0000	AID299243; AID299539; AID300755; AID300804; AID456397; AID464119
Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Kinact	4.9000	0.0740	2.3934	8.5900	AID299541; AID300805
Carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens (human)	Kinact	0.0450	0.0009	0.7261	5.3000	AID299544
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)	Kinact	0.0630	0.0200	0.8580	9.4000	AID299542; AID456399
Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)	Kinact	0.0009	0.0002	0.2852	5.7300	AID299545
Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)	Kinact	12.2332	0.0050	0.3197	6.6700	AID299546; AID299553; AID300756; AID300806; AID464120
Carbonic anhydrase 13	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Kinact	0.0470	0.0130	0.5669	8.2300	AID299548; AID300474
Carbonic anhydrase 14	Homo sapiens (human)	Kinact	0.7301	0.0002	1.4495	8.5900	AID299549; AID464121
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)	Kinact	0.0300	0.0090	0.9231	9.0400	AID299543; AID456400
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
xenobiotic metabolic process	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin secretion	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cilium assembly	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet degranulation	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
urate transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
estrous cycle	Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride ion homeostasis	Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 11	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid biosynthetic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stress	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compound	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
protein ubiquitination	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid signaling pathway	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasis	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estrogen	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cell	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid homeostasis	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid homeostasis	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bile acid secretion	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
morphogenesis of an epithelium	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular pH reduction	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin-activated signaling pathway	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of monoatomic anion transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
secretion	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intracellular pH	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chloride transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
carbon dioxide transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to bacterium	Carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid hydroxylation	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid catabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
androgen metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
alkaloid catabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
monoterpenoid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
calcitriol biosynthetic process from calciol	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D catabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
aflatoxin metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative demethylation	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
humoral immune response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of angiogenesis	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
lipoxygenase pathway	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bone mineralization	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic cell migration	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose homeostasis	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fat cell differentiation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretion	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular wound healing	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of wound healing	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene A4 biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
lipoxin biosynthetic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid metabolic process	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid oxidation	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid hydroxylation	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
organic acid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
epoxygenase P450 pathway	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid biosynthetic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative demethylation	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of acute inflammatory response	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene biosynthetic process	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
lipoxygenase pathway	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homotrimerization	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to calcium ion	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular oxidant detoxification	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
bicarbonate transport	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste	Carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
monoterpenoid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
epoxygenase P450 pathway	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular pH reduction	Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chloride transport	Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intracellular pH	Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
morphogenesis of an epithelium	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
response to testosterone	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
secretion	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 13	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
heme catabolic process	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cell	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrier	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
response to bacterium	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
ATP binding	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
urate transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 11	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 11	Homo sapiens (human)
hydro-lyase activity	Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 11	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
arylesterase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
hydro-lyase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyanamide hydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
arylesterase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyanamide hydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
nickel cation binding	Carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid binding	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion binding	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
oxygen binding	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
caffeine oxidase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
quinine 3-monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
testosterone 6-beta-hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 23-hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
anandamide 8,9 epoxidase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
anandamide 11,12 epoxidase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
anandamide 14,15 epoxidase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
aromatase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen 16-alpha-hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen 2-hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 12(S)-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
hydrolase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 8(S)-lipoxygenase activity	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion binding	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
caffeine oxidase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
aromatase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen 16-alpha-hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activity	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme activator activity	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex binding	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid binding	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transferase activity	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione peroxidase activity	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene-C4 synthase activity	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion binding	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
(S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
(S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
oxygen binding	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
(R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
aromatase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid omega-1 hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activity	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Carbonic anhydrase 13	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 13	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 13	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transmembrane transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Bos taurus (cattle)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet dense granule membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 11	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 11	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculus	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular canaliculus	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
myelin sheath	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
apical part of cell	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
apical part of cell	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Cytochrome P450 3A4	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope lumen	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrix	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear membrane	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule lumen	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope	Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear membrane	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
rough endoplasmic reticulum	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi network	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
transport vesicle membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
brush border membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cytochrome P450 2C19	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 7	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
nucleolus	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
microvillus membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Carbonic anhydrase 13	Homo sapiens (human)
myelin sheath	Carbonic anhydrase 13	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Carbonic anhydrase 13	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 13	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Carbonic anhydrase 13	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculus	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
side of membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Bos taurus (cattle)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (676)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425	Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347424	RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID600082	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 7 by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 19, Issue:12	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Phenacetyl-, pyridylacetyl- and thienylacetyl-substituted aromatic sulfonamides act as potent and selective isoform VII inhibitors.
AID1058311	Anticonvulsant activity in ip dosed Frings mouse assessed as protection against audiogenic seizures administered 1 hr prior to sound-induction	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 56, Issue:22	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: pharmacological properties of (S)-N-[(6-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxin-2-yl)methyl]sulfamide (JNJ-26489112).
AID1534901	Inhibition of recombinant full length human carbonic anhydrase-1 assessed as reduction in CO2 hydration after 15 mins by phenol red dye based stopped flow assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163	Exploring structural properties of potent human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors bearing a 4-(cycloalkylamino-1-carbonyl)benzenesulfonamide moiety.
AID48308	Inhibitory concentration against catalytic domain of human cloned carbonic anhydrase IX.	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-22, Volume: 46, Issue:11	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of cytosolic isozymes I and II and transmembrane, tumor-associated isozyme IX with sulfamates including EMATE also acting as steroid sulfatase inhibitors.
AID21039	p value at pH 7.25	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID50350	Inhibition of cloned human cytosolic isozyme Carbonic anhydrase I	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 47, Issue:5	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of mitochondrial isozyme V with aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides.
AID300754	Inhibition of human recombinant CA1 by CO2 hydration stopped flow assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 17, Issue:18	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Selective inhibition of the extracellular, tumor-associated isoforms IX and XII over isozymes I and II with glycosyl-thioureido-sulfonamides.
AID47748	Inhibitory activity of compound against human carbonic anhydrase II	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-19, Volume: 14, Issue:2	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: X-ray crystallographic structure of the adduct of human isozyme II with the antipsychotic drug sulpiride.
AID232688	Selectivity ratio of KI, human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II), to that of KI, mouse carbonic anhydrase V (mCA V)	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 47, Issue:5	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of mitochondrial isozyme V with aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides.
AID1190065	Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum Eta-carbonic anhydrase pre-incubated for 15 mins before CO2 substrate addition by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the η-class carbonic anhydrase from the malaria pathogen Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1275910	Inhibition of Vibrio cholerae beta-carbonic anhydrase using CO2 as substrate preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 24, Issue:5	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the β-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
AID456400	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 5B by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 18, Issue:1	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Identification of selective inhibitors of the human mitochondrial isozymes VA and VB over the cytosolic isozymes I and II from a natural product-based phenolic library.
AID299552	Inhibition of Methanosarcina thermophila gamma CA	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of human, bacterial, and archaeal isozymes with benzene-1,3-disulfonamides--solution and crystallographic studies.
AID625290	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1061068	Inhibition of Leishmania donovani chagasi recombinant beta-carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 24, Issue:1	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the δ-carbonic anhydrase from the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii.
AID1079937	Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID367822	Inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae recombinant CA expressed in Escherichia coli by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 17, Issue:3	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the beta-class enzyme from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with sulfonamides and sulfamates.
AID238597	Inhibitory activity against bovine carbonic anhydrase IV (bCAIV)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 15, Issue:4	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the membrane-bound human and bovine isozymes IV with sulfonamides.
AID577531	Inhibition of Brucella suis carbonic anhydrase I by spectrophotometry at pH 8.3	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 19, Issue:3	A new β-carbonic anhydrase from Brucella suis, its cloning, characterization, and inhibition with sulfonamides and sulfamates, leading to impaired pathogen growth.
AID299249	Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori alpha carbonic anhydrase by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: the beta-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori is a new target for sulfonamide and sulfamate inhibitors.
AID328201	Binding affinity to human carbonic anhydrase 2 in presence of 10 mM PIPES and 200 uM NaCl at pH 7.0 by ThermoFluor method	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Carbonic anhydrase-II inhibition. what are the true enzyme-inhibitory properties of the sulfamide cognate of topiramate?
AID50362	Compound was evaluated for inhibition against human carbonic anhydrase I	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-05, Volume: 14, Issue:1	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: E7070, a sulfonamide anticancer agent, potently inhibits cytosolic isozymes I and II, and transmembrane, tumor-associated isozyme IX.
AID351812	Anticonvulsant activity in ip dosed DBA/2 mouse assessed as inhibition of auditory stimulation-induced tonic seizures administered 30 mins before auditory stimulation	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	Synthesis and evaluation of pharmacological profile of 1-aryl-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-sulfonamides.
AID1628038	Inhibition of recombinant Plasmodium falciparum eta-carbonic anhydrase (181 to 538 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli artic express (DE3) preincubated for 15 mins by stop flow CO2 hydrase assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-01, Volume: 26, Issue:17	Cloning, expression, purification and sulfonamide inhibition profile of the complete domain of the η-carbonic anhydrase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID441713	Inhibition of human recombinant CA9 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 53, Issue:2	The coumarin-binding site in carbonic anhydrase accommodates structurally diverse inhibitors: the antiepileptic lacosamide as an example and lead molecule for novel classes of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID770581	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human carbonic anhydrase 2 to Ki for human carbonic anhydrase 9	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of the human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, IX and XII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4,5,6,7-tetrabromophthalimide moiety.
AID299542	Inhibition of human CA5A	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of human, bacterial, and archaeal isozymes with benzene-1,3-disulfonamides--solution and crystallographic studies.
AID311028	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 5B	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 15, Issue:13	Carbonic anhydrases as targets for medicinal chemistry.
AID299548	Inhibition of mouse CA13	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of human, bacterial, and archaeal isozymes with benzene-1,3-disulfonamides--solution and crystallographic studies.
AID612725	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 1 at pH 7.5 by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 19, Issue:16	Inhibition studies of the β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium with sulfonamides and sulfamates.
AID599953	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 1 by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 19, Issue:12	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Phenacetyl-, pyridylacetyl- and thienylacetyl-substituted aromatic sulfonamides act as potent and selective isoform VII inhibitors.
AID604020	Unbound drug concentration in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma administered in casettes of 2/3 drugs at 4 hr constant rate intravenous infusions using flow rate of 1 (ml/kg)/hr corresponding to dosage rate of 2 (umol/kg)/hr by LC-MS/MS method	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-22, Volume: 52, Issue:20	Structure-brain exposure relationships in rat and human using a novel data set of unbound drug concentrations in brain interstitial and cerebrospinal fluids.
AID1766625	Inhibition of recombinant human CA12 pre-incubated for 15 mins measured by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-25, Volume: 64, Issue:6	Discovery of Potent Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors as Effective Anticonvulsant Agents: Drug Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations.
AID117070	LD50 of compound after ip administration after 24 hrs was determined	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5	Anticonvulsant O-alkyl sulfamates. 2,3:4,5-Bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-D-fructopyranose sulfamate and related compounds.
AID1434429	Inhibition of Burkholderia pseudomallei Gamma-carbonic anhydrase assessed as reduction in CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins followed by CO2 addition measured for 10 to 100 sec by Line-Weaver Burk plot analysis
AID299546	Inhibition of human CA9 catalytic domain	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of human, bacterial, and archaeal isozymes with benzene-1,3-disulfonamides--solution and crystallographic studies.
AID1287517	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 1 incubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 26, Issue:7	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the β-carbonic anhydrase from the newly discovered bacterium Enterobacter sp. B13.
AID1275911	Inhibition of Vibrio cholerae alpha-carbonic anhydrase using CO2 as substrate preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 24, Issue:5	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the β-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
AID1142836	Inhibition of Legionella pneumophilia subsp. Pneumophila strain Philadelphia-1 carbonic anhydrase-1 assessed as CO2 hydrase activity by stopped-flow assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 22, Issue:11	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of two β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila.
AID21043	pH 7.4 value at pH 7.25	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID1766623	Inhibition of recombinant human CA2 pre-incubated for 15 mins measured by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-25, Volume: 64, Issue:6	Discovery of Potent Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors as Effective Anticonvulsant Agents: Drug Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations.
AID47719	Compound was evaluated for inhibition against human carbonic anhydrase II	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-05, Volume: 14, Issue:1	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: E7070, a sulfonamide anticancer agent, potently inhibits cytosolic isozymes I and II, and transmembrane, tumor-associated isozyme IX.
AID471590	Anticonvulsant activity against electric stimulation-induced pharmacoresistant limbic epilepsy in ip dosed Sprague-Dawley rat kindling model assessed as reduction of seizure severity and excitability administered 15 mins after last electric stimulation me	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: advancement of N-((benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into human clinical studies.
AID301578	Inhibition of human recombinant CA 3 assessed as CO2 hydration by stopped flow kinetic assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 15, Issue:23	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of the cytosolic isozyme III with sulfonamides.
AID1453410	Inhibition of Francisella tularensis beta-carbonic anhydrase assessed as reduction in CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins followed by CO2 addition measured for 10 to 100 secs by stopped-flow assay
AID474212	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human recombinant CA1 to Ki for human recombinant CA12	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-08, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Sulfonamide linked neoglycoconjugates--a new class of inhibitors for cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases.
AID1755145	Inhibition of full length human CA9 incubated for 15 mins by phenol red dye based stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 44	Design, synthesis and biochemical evaluation of novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitors triggered by structural knowledge on hCA VII.
AID588216	FDA HLAED, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) increase	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID295289	Inhibition of human recombinant CA1 after 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped flow assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of isoforms I, II, IV, VA, VII, IX, and XIV with sulfonamides incorporating fructopyranose-thioureido tails.
AID743513	Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori recombinant alpha carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 21, Issue:6	The alpha-carbonic anhydrase from the thermophilic bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1 is highly susceptible to inhibition by sulfonamides.
AID1067225	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human transmembrane carbonic anhydrase 2 to Ki for human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 12	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 22, Issue:5	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of the human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, IX and XII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4- and 3-nitrophthalimide moieties.
AID588214	FDA HLAED, liver enzyme composite activity	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID427123	Inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans recombinant Can2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition and homology modeling studies of the fungal beta-carbonic anhydrase from Candida albicans with sulfonamides.
AID607833	Inhibition of human recombinant cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 1-mediated CO2 hydration activity after 15 mins	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 21, Issue:15	N-β-glycosyl sulfamides are selective inhibitors of the cancer associated carbonic anhydrase isoforms IX and XII.
AID1079942	Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID1354956	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 5A after 15 mins by stopped flow carbon dioxide hydration assay	2018	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, May-10, Volume: 9, Issue:5	Design, Synthesis, and X-ray of Selenides as New Class of Agents for Prevention of Diabetic Cerebrovascular Pathology.
AID365987	Inhibition of human cloned CA12 catalytic domain by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of the antitumor sulfamate EMD 486019 with twelve mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms: Kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies.
AID1268965	Inhibition of recombinant Thiomicrospira crunogena XCL-2 carbonic anhydrase by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 26, Issue:2	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the gammaproteobacterium Thiomicrospira crunogena XCL-2, TcruCA.
AID365980	Inhibition of human cloned CA3 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of the antitumor sulfamate EMD 486019 with twelve mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms: Kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies.
AID366660	Inhibition of human recombinant CA5B by CO2 hydration assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16	Inhibition of human mitochondrial carbonic anhydrases VA and VB with para-(4-phenyltriazole-1-yl)-benzenesulfonamide derivatives.
AID1061169	Inhibition of recombinant Methanosarcina thermophila gamma-CA CAM by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 24, Issue:1	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the γ-carbonic anhydrase from the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis.
AID1194026	Inhibition of recombinant Methanosarcina thermophila gamma-carbonic anhydrase by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 23, Issue:8	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic cyanobacterium Nostoc commune.
AID367820	Inhibition of human recombinant CA1 by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 17, Issue:3	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the beta-class enzyme from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with sulfonamides and sulfamates.
AID369275	Inhibition of mouse recombinant carbonic anhydrase 15 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-12, Volume: 52, Issue:3	Cloning, expression, post-translational modifications and inhibition studies on the latest mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoform, CA XV.
AID1188134	Inhibition of human recombinant Carbonic anhydrase 1 compound preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay method	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 22, Issue:17	Sulfonamide inhibition study of the carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis: the β-class (PgiCAb) versus the γ-class (PgiCA) enzymes.
AID47933	Inhibitory activity against human Carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II)	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 45, Issue:17	Nonaromatic sulfonamide group as an ideal anchor for potent human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: role of hydrogen-bonding networks in ligand binding and drug design.
AID1142834	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase-2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 22, Issue:11	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of two β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila.
AID1061066	Inhibition of Thalassiosira weissflogii delta carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 24, Issue:1	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the δ-carbonic anhydrase from the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii.
AID1079933	Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID471558	Anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock-induced seizure in CD1 mouse at 300 mg/kg, po after 2 hrs	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: advancement of N-((benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into human clinical studies.
AID1058300	Protective index, ratio of TD50 for Sprague-Dawley rat to ED50 for Sprague-Dawley rat	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 56, Issue:22	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: pharmacological properties of (S)-N-[(6-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxin-2-yl)methyl]sulfamide (JNJ-26489112).
AID328199	Binding affinity to human carbonic anhydrase 2 in presence of 10 mM HEPES without Na+ at pH 7.5 by ThermoFluor method	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Carbonic anhydrase-II inhibition. what are the true enzyme-inhibitory properties of the sulfamide cognate of topiramate?
AID239145	Inhibitory activity against alpha carbonic anhydrase (Co-Cam) from Methanosarcina thermophila	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-20, Volume: 14, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the prokariotic beta and gamma-class enzymes from Archaea with sulfonamides.
AID365989	Inhibition of human cloned CA14 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of the antitumor sulfamate EMD 486019 with twelve mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms: Kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies.
AID1287518	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 incubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 26, Issue:7	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the β-carbonic anhydrase from the newly discovered bacterium Enterobacter sp. B13.
AID588217	FDA HLAED, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) increase	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1190064	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the η-class carbonic anhydrase from the malaria pathogen Plasmodium falciparum.
AID441212	Apparent effective permeability by PAMPA method	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-22, Volume: 52, Issue:20	S-glycosyl primary sulfonamides--a new structural class for selective inhibition of cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases.
AID770585	Inhibition of human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 2 preincubated for 15 mins at room temperature followed by 72 hrs at 4 degC by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of the human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, IX and XII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4,5,6,7-tetrabromophthalimide moiety.
AID300761	Selectivity for human CA12 over human CA2	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 17, Issue:18	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Selective inhibition of the extracellular, tumor-associated isoforms IX and XII over isozymes I and II with glycosyl-thioureido-sulfonamides.
AID366659	Inhibition of human recombinant CA5A by CO2 hydration assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16	Inhibition of human mitochondrial carbonic anhydrases VA and VB with para-(4-phenyltriazole-1-yl)-benzenesulfonamide derivatives.
AID484154	Inhibition of full length human carbonic anhydrase 1 preincubated for 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: crystallographic and solution binding studies for the interaction of a boron-containing aromatic sulfamide with mammalian isoforms I-XV.
AID1194025	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 2 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 23, Issue:8	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic cyanobacterium Nostoc commune.
AID48119	Inhibition of bovine membrane bound isozyme carbonic anhydrase IV isolated from microsomes at 20 degree C	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 47, Issue:5	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of mitochondrial isozyme V with aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides.
AID328198	Dissociation constant, pKa of the compound	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Carbonic anhydrase-II inhibition. what are the true enzyme-inhibitory properties of the sulfamide cognate of topiramate?
AID464123	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human CA2 to Ki for human CA14	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Identification of 3,4-Dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-sulfonamides as potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation, and enzyme--ligand X-ray studies.
AID1058339	Anticonvulsant activity in po dosed CF-1 mouse assessed as protection against maximal electroshock-induced tonic extension of hind limbs measured at 1 hr	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 56, Issue:22	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: pharmacological properties of (S)-N-[(6-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxin-2-yl)methyl]sulfamide (JNJ-26489112).
AID436748	Inhibition of human recombinant full length mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase 5A by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides incorporating phenacetyl, pyridylacetyl and thienylacetyl tails act as potent inhibitors of human mitochondrial isoforms VA and VB.
AID471574	Anticonvulsant activity against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in ip dosed CF1 mouse after 0.25 hrs	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: advancement of N-((benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into human clinical studies.
AID295950	Selectivity for human CA2 to human CA5A	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 15, Issue:12	Molecular modeling study for the binding of zonisamide and topiramate to the human mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase isoform VA.
AID23719	Pharmacokinetic parameter :log P7.4 log P value at pH 7.4	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID471594	Protective index, ratio of TD50 for neurotoxicity in po dosed rat to ED50 for anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock-induced seizure in po dosed rat	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: advancement of N-((benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into human clinical studies.
AID588189	Inhibition of Candida albicans recombinant Nce103 after 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay relative to phenol	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Natural product-based phenols as novel probes for mycobacterial and fungal carbonic anhydrases.
AID441717	Inhibition of mouse recombinant CA15 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 53, Issue:2	The coumarin-binding site in carbonic anhydrase accommodates structurally diverse inhibitors: the antiepileptic lacosamide as an example and lead molecule for novel classes of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID497129	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 2 after 15 mins by CO2 hydration method	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15	Mutation of Phe91 to Asn in human carbonic anhydrase I unexpectedly enhanced both catalytic activity and affinity for sulfonamide inhibitors.
AID607837	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human recombinant cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 1 to Ki for human recombinant transmembrane carbonic anhydrase 9	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 21, Issue:15	N-β-glycosyl sulfamides are selective inhibitors of the cancer associated carbonic anhydrase isoforms IX and XII.
AID1894955	Anticonvulsant activity in Kunming mouse assessed as reduction in MES-induced seizure after 1 hr	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-13, Volume: 64, Issue:9	Discovery of HN37 as a Potent and Chemically Stable Antiepileptic Drug Candidate.
AID1534906	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase-14 catalytic domain assessed as reduction in CO2 hydration after 15 mins by phenol red dye based stopped flow assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163	Exploring structural properties of potent human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors bearing a 4-(cycloalkylamino-1-carbonyl)benzenesulfonamide moiety.
AID441210	Selectivity for human cloned CA9 over human cloned CA1	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-22, Volume: 52, Issue:20	S-glycosyl primary sulfonamides--a new structural class for selective inhibition of cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases.
AID1079940	Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID437749	Inhibition of human recombinant CA2 by stopped-flow hydration assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 19, Issue:23	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Characterization and inhibition studies of the most active beta-carbonic anhydrase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rv3588c.
AID648178	Inhibition of human wild type carbonic anhydrase 2 expressed in Escherichia coli after 15 mins preincubation by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Mutation of active site residues Asn67 to Ile, Gln92 to Val and Leu204 to Ser in human carbonic anhydrase II: influences on the catalytic activity and affinity for inhibitors.
AID601813	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 1 preincubated with compound for 15 mins by carbon dioxide hydration assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-09, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Anticonvulsant 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide derivatives with branched-alkylamide moieties: X-ray crystallography and inhibition studies of human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, and XIV.
AID299550	Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori alpha CA	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of human, bacterial, and archaeal isozymes with benzene-1,3-disulfonamides--solution and crystallographic studies.
AID604021	Unbound volume of distribution in Sprague-Dawley rat brain measured per gram of brain tissue administered in casettes of 2/3 drugs at 4 hr constant rate intravenous infusions using flow rate of 1 (ml/kg)/hr corresponding to dosage rate of 2 (umol/kg)/hr b	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-22, Volume: 52, Issue:20	Structure-brain exposure relationships in rat and human using a novel data set of unbound drug concentrations in brain interstitial and cerebrospinal fluids.
AID123744	Percentage block of the hind-limb tonic-extensor seizure was determined after application of an electric shock to mice for 240 min followed by 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5	Anticonvulsant O-alkyl sulfamates. 2,3:4,5-Bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-D-fructopyranose sulfamate and related compounds.
AID25832	Pharmacokinetic parameter :The dissociation constant values at 25 degrees C, obtained by potentiometric titration.	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID1079944	Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID48092	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase II	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-22, Volume: 46, Issue:11	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of cytosolic isozymes I and II and transmembrane, tumor-associated isozyme IX with sulfamates including EMATE also acting as steroid sulfatase inhibitors.
AID577526	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase I by spectrophotometry at pH 7.5	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 19, Issue:3	A new β-carbonic anhydrase from Brucella suis, its cloning, characterization, and inhibition with sulfonamides and sulfamates, leading to impaired pathogen growth.
AID625279	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID471864	Inhibition of rat Nav1.2 channel expressed in chinese hamster CHL1610 cells at preconditioning pulse of -67 mV after 2 to 3 mins by whole-cell patch-clamp technique	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: advancement of N-((benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into human clinical studies.
AID1442644	Inhibition of recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 1 incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-23, Volume: 60, Issue:6	Discovery of Benzenesulfonamides with Potent Human Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory and Effective Anticonvulsant Action: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Assessment.
AID224862	Anticonvulsant activity in mice by MES test at 3.0 h following intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg dose	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: anticonvulsant sulfonamides incorporating valproyl and other lipophilic moieties.
AID299540	Inhibition of human CA3	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of human, bacterial, and archaeal isozymes with benzene-1,3-disulfonamides--solution and crystallographic studies.
AID367821	Inhibition of human recombinant CA2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 17, Issue:3	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the beta-class enzyme from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with sulfonamides and sulfamates.
AID396642	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 7 by CO2 hydration assay	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 43, Issue:12	Indanesulfonamides as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and anticonvulsant agents: structure-activity relationship and pharmacological evaluation.
AID625288	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID50355	Inhibitory activity against human cloned carbonic anhydrase I (hCA I)	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-10, Volume: 13, Issue:5	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: SAR and X-ray crystallographic study for the interaction of sugar sulfamates/sulfamides with isozymes I, II and IV.
AID50188	Inhibition concentration by inhibition of carbonic anhydrase from blood in Rat. 95% confidence limits are given in parentheses.	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID238852	Mean inhibitory constant towards human carbonic anhydrase II determined by stopped-flow method	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-02, Volume: 15, Issue:9	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Zonisamide is an effective inhibitor of the cytosolic isozyme II and mitochondrial isozyme V: solution and X-ray crystallographic studies.
AID47709	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase I	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-22, Volume: 46, Issue:11	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of cytosolic isozymes I and II and transmembrane, tumor-associated isozyme IX with sulfamates including EMATE also acting as steroid sulfatase inhibitors.
AID484160	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 6 preincubated for 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: crystallographic and solution binding studies for the interaction of a boron-containing aromatic sulfamide with mammalian isoforms I-XV.
AID1229817	Inhibition of [125I]omega-conotoxin GVIA binding to N-type calcium channel in rat cerebral cortex synaptosomes at 100 uM incubated for 30 mins by scintillation counting based radioligand displacement assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 58, Issue:13	Design, synthesis, and anticonvulsant activity of new hybrid compounds derived from 2-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)propanamides and 2-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)butanamides.
AID599954	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 2 by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 19, Issue:12	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Phenacetyl-, pyridylacetyl- and thienylacetyl-substituted aromatic sulfonamides act as potent and selective isoform VII inhibitors.
AID121996	Neurotoxic dose ED50 after po administration in mice at 4 hrs was determined	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5	Anticonvulsant O-alkyl sulfamates. 2,3:4,5-Bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-D-fructopyranose sulfamate and related compounds.
AID365983	Inhibition of human cloned CA5B by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of the antitumor sulfamate EMD 486019 with twelve mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms: Kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies.
AID272526	Inhibition of catalytic domain of human cloned CA9 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 49, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: clash with Ala65 as a means for designing inhibitors with low affinity for the ubiquitous isozyme II, exemplified by the crystal structure of the topiramate sulfamide analogue.
AID272529	Inhibition of human cloned CA14 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 49, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: clash with Ala65 as a means for designing inhibitors with low affinity for the ubiquitous isozyme II, exemplified by the crystal structure of the topiramate sulfamide analogue.
AID588218	FDA HLAED, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increase	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID441705	Inhibition of human recombinant CA1 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 53, Issue:2	The coumarin-binding site in carbonic anhydrase accommodates structurally diverse inhibitors: the antiepileptic lacosamide as an example and lead molecule for novel classes of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID328196	Binding affinity to human carbonic anhydrase 2 in presence of 10 mM HEPES and 100 uM Na2SO4 at pH 7.5 by ThermoFluor method	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Carbonic anhydrase-II inhibition. what are the true enzyme-inhibitory properties of the sulfamide cognate of topiramate?
AID436564	Inhibition of human recombinant CA2 by stopped-flow CO2 assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition studies of a coral secretory isoform by sulfonamides.
AID1489027	Anticonvulsant activity in ip dosed maximal electroshock induced seizure mouse model assessed as suppression in hindlimb tonic extension	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-01, Volume: 27, Issue:17	N-alkyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-sulfonamide derivatives as novel broad spectrum anti-epileptic drugs with efficacy equivalent to that of sodium valproate.
AID1275912	Inhibition of human Carbonic anhydrase2 using CO2 as substrate preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 24, Issue:5	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the β-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
AID476929	Human intestinal absorption in po dosed human	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 45, Issue:3	Neural computational prediction of oral drug absorption based on CODES 2D descriptors.
AID607836	Inhibition of human recombinant transmembrane carbonic anhydrase 12-mediated CO2 hydration activity after 15 mins	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 21, Issue:15	N-β-glycosyl sulfamides are selective inhibitors of the cancer associated carbonic anhydrase isoforms IX and XII.
AID497128	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 1 Phe91Asn mutant expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) after 15 mins by CO2 hydration method	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15	Mutation of Phe91 to Asn in human carbonic anhydrase I unexpectedly enhanced both catalytic activity and affinity for sulfonamide inhibitors.
AID238300	Ki value against human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 15, Issue:4	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XII with sulfonamides-a new target for the design of antitumor and antiglaucoma drugs?
AID299539	Inhibition of human CA2	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of human, bacterial, and archaeal isozymes with benzene-1,3-disulfonamides--solution and crystallographic studies.
AID441706	Inhibition of human recombinant CA2 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 53, Issue:2	The coumarin-binding site in carbonic anhydrase accommodates structurally diverse inhibitors: the antiepileptic lacosamide as an example and lead molecule for novel classes of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID275806	Inhibition of full length human recombinant CA VI	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-25, Volume: 50, Issue:2	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. DNA cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of the human secretory isoform VI, a new target for sulfonamide and sulfamate inhibitors.
AID1079939	Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID48297	Compound was evaluated for inhibition against human carbonic anhydrase IX	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-05, Volume: 14, Issue:1	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: E7070, a sulfonamide anticancer agent, potently inhibits cytosolic isozymes I and II, and transmembrane, tumor-associated isozyme IX.
AID778725	Inhibition of recombinant Leishmania donovani chagasi beta-carbonic anhydrase expressed in baculovirus infected insect Sf9 cells incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 56, Issue:18	Cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of a β-carbonic anhydrase from Leishmania donovani chagasi, the protozoan parasite responsible for leishmaniasis.
AID588019	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 1 by CO2 hydration assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel carbohydrate-based sulfamates as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID295290	Inhibition of human recombinant CA2 after 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped flow assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of isoforms I, II, IV, VA, VII, IX, and XIV with sulfonamides incorporating fructopyranose-thioureido tails.
AID1079936	Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID441208	Inhibition of human cloned CA9 catalytic domain by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-22, Volume: 52, Issue:20	S-glycosyl primary sulfonamides--a new structural class for selective inhibition of cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases.
AID328202	Binding affinity to human carbonic anhydrase 2 in presence of 10 mM PIPES without Na+ at pH 7.0 by ThermoFluor method	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Carbonic anhydrase-II inhibition. what are the true enzyme-inhibitory properties of the sulfamide cognate of topiramate?
AID299549	Inhibition of human CA14	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of human, bacterial, and archaeal isozymes with benzene-1,3-disulfonamides--solution and crystallographic studies.
AID1453413	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase-2 assessed as reduction in CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins followed by CO2 addition measured for 10 to 100 secs by stopped-flow assay
AID464121	Inhibition of human recombinant CA14 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Identification of 3,4-Dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-sulfonamides as potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation, and enzyme--ligand X-ray studies.
AID612726	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 2 at pH 7.5 by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 19, Issue:16	Inhibition studies of the β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium with sulfonamides and sulfamates.
AID242023	Inhibition concentration against carbonic anhydrase II in rat determined in esterase assay	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6	Comparison of sulfamate and sulfamide groups for the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase-II by using topiramate as a structural platform.
AID669487	Inhibition of human recombinant full length CA14-mediated CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow assay	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8	Synthesis, structure-activity relationship studies, and X-ray crystallographic analysis of arylsulfonamides as potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID414961	Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv recombinant beta-carbonic anhydrase 1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-23, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Molecular cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of the Rv1284 beta-carbonic anhydrase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis with sulfonamides and a sulfamate.
AID484162	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 9 catalytic domain preincubated for 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: crystallographic and solution binding studies for the interaction of a boron-containing aromatic sulfamide with mammalian isoforms I-XV.
AID427122	Inhibition of Candida albicans recombinant Nce103 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition and homology modeling studies of the fungal beta-carbonic anhydrase from Candida albicans with sulfonamides.
AID743512	Inhibition of Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1 recombinant carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 21, Issue:6	The alpha-carbonic anhydrase from the thermophilic bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1 is highly susceptible to inhibition by sulfonamides.
AID50344	Inhibitory activity of compound against human carbonic anhydrase I	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-19, Volume: 14, Issue:2	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: X-ray crystallographic structure of the adduct of human isozyme II with the antipsychotic drug sulpiride.
AID409601	Inhibition of human aquaporin 4 M23 isoform expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 17, Issue:1	Inhibition of aquaporin 4 by antiepileptic drugs.
AID351809	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 9 catalytic domain by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	Synthesis and evaluation of pharmacological profile of 1-aryl-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-sulfonamides.
AID365984	Inhibition of human cloned CA6 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of the antitumor sulfamate EMD 486019 with twelve mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms: Kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies.
AID365986	Inhibition of human cloned CA9 catalytic domain by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of the antitumor sulfamate EMD 486019 with twelve mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms: Kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies.
AID369272	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 2 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-12, Volume: 52, Issue:3	Cloning, expression, post-translational modifications and inhibition studies on the latest mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoform, CA XV.
AID588184	Inhibition of Candida albicans recombinant Nce103 beta-carbonic anhydrase after 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Natural product-based phenols as novel probes for mycobacterial and fungal carbonic anhydrases.
AID764718	Inhibition of human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 2 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 21, Issue:17	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Synthesis and inhibition of the cytosolic mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II and VII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4,5,6,7-tetrachlorophthalimide moiety.
AID123747	Percentage block of the hind-limb tonic-extensor seizure was determined after application of an electric shock to mice for 30 min followed by 100 mg/kg peroral dose	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5	Anticonvulsant O-alkyl sulfamates. 2,3:4,5-Bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-D-fructopyranose sulfamate and related compounds.
AID1188135	Inhibition of human recombinant Carbonic anhydrase 2 compound preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay method	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 22, Issue:17	Sulfonamide inhibition study of the carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis: the β-class (PgiCAb) versus the γ-class (PgiCA) enzymes.
AID1067228	Inhibition of human transmembrane carbonic anhydrase 9 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 22, Issue:5	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of the human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, IX and XII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4- and 3-nitrophthalimide moieties.
AID471579	Anticonvulsant activity against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in ip CF1 mouse assessed as increase in threshold of seizure twitch at ED50 administered 15 mins before pentylenetetrazole infusion	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: advancement of N-((benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into human clinical studies.
AID1240214	Inhibition of Nostoc commune gamma carbonic anhydrase by CO2 hydration assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis.
AID1333767	Anticonvulsant activity in ip dosed Carworth Farm1 mouse assessed as protection against subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures after 30 mins	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 27, Issue:1	Simple N,N-dimethyl phenylsulfonamides show potent anticonvulsant effect in two standard epilepsy models.
AID601814	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 preincubated with compound for 15 mins by carbon dioxide hydration assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-09, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Anticonvulsant 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide derivatives with branched-alkylamide moieties: X-ray crystallography and inhibition studies of human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, and XIV.
AID588020	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 by CO2 hydration assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel carbohydrate-based sulfamates as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID272525	Inhibition of human cloned CA7 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 49, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: clash with Ala65 as a means for designing inhibitors with low affinity for the ubiquitous isozyme II, exemplified by the crystal structure of the topiramate sulfamide analogue.
AID272520	Inhibition of human cloned CA1 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 49, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: clash with Ala65 as a means for designing inhibitors with low affinity for the ubiquitous isozyme II, exemplified by the crystal structure of the topiramate sulfamide analogue.
AID238567	Ki value against murine carbonic anhydrase XIII was determined; (not tested)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 15, Issue:4	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the human cytosolic isozyme VII with aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides.
AID644379	Inhibition of GST-tagged astrosclera willeyana Astrosclerin-3 expressed in Escherichia coli after 15 mins preincubation by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 20, Issue:4	Cloning, characterization and sulfonamide inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the living fossil sponge Astrosclera willeyana.
AID441709	Inhibition of human recombinant CA5A by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 53, Issue:2	The coumarin-binding site in carbonic anhydrase accommodates structurally diverse inhibitors: the antiepileptic lacosamide as an example and lead molecule for novel classes of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID371554	Inhibition of human recombinant cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 1 pre-incubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 18, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: 2-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-sulfamides act as powerful and selective inhibitors of the mitochondrial isozymes VA and VB over the cytosolic and membrane-associated carbonic anhydrases I, II and IV.
AID112983	Compound was tested for the effective dose (ED50) for each time point in Mice. 95% confidence limits are given in parentheses 4 Hour	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID239703	Inhibitory constant against human carbonic anhydrase XIV in CO2 hydrase assay	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 15, Issue:17	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XIV with sulfonamides.
AID371555	Inhibition of human recombinant cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 2 pre-incubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 18, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: 2-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-sulfamides act as powerful and selective inhibitors of the mitochondrial isozymes VA and VB over the cytosolic and membrane-associated carbonic anhydrases I, II and IV.
AID1474166	Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring severity class index	2016	Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4	DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID474210	Inhibition of human recombinant CA12 by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-08, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Sulfonamide linked neoglycoconjugates--a new class of inhibitors for cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases.
AID272528	Inhibition of murine CA13 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 49, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: clash with Ala65 as a means for designing inhibitors with low affinity for the ubiquitous isozyme II, exemplified by the crystal structure of the topiramate sulfamide analogue.
AID436747	Inhibition of human recombinant cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides incorporating phenacetyl, pyridylacetyl and thienylacetyl tails act as potent inhibitors of human mitochondrial isoforms VA and VB.
AID300759	Selectivity for human CA9 over human CA2	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 17, Issue:18	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Selective inhibition of the extracellular, tumor-associated isoforms IX and XII over isozymes I and II with glycosyl-thioureido-sulfonamides.
AID1354954	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 1 after 15 mins by stopped flow carbon dioxide hydration assay	2018	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, May-10, Volume: 9, Issue:5	Design, Synthesis, and X-ray of Selenides as New Class of Agents for Prevention of Diabetic Cerebrovascular Pathology.
AID977602	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID669321	Inhibition of human recombinant full length CA2-mediated CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow assay	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8	Synthesis, structure-activity relationship studies, and X-ray crystallographic analysis of arylsulfonamides as potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID239220	Inhibitory constant value for Carbonic anhydrase II in human determined in pH-shift assay	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6	Comparison of sulfamate and sulfamide groups for the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase-II by using topiramate as a structural platform.
AID1194028	Inhibition of recombinant Nostoc commune gamma-carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 23, Issue:8	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic cyanobacterium Nostoc commune.
AID311030	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 7	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 15, Issue:13	Carbonic anhydrases as targets for medicinal chemistry.
AID588023	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human carbonic anhydrase 1 to Ki carbonic anhydrase 9	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel carbohydrate-based sulfamates as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID497127	Inhibition of wild type human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) after 15 mins by CO2 hydration method	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15	Mutation of Phe91 to Asn in human carbonic anhydrase I unexpectedly enhanced both catalytic activity and affinity for sulfonamide inhibitors.
AID311029	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 6	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 15, Issue:13	Carbonic anhydrases as targets for medicinal chemistry.
AID588025	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human carbonic anhydrase 2 to Ki carbonic anhydrase 9	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel carbohydrate-based sulfamates as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID238316	Ki value against human carbonic anhydrase XII (hCA XII)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 15, Issue:4	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XII with sulfonamides-a new target for the design of antitumor and antiglaucoma drugs?
AID577530	Inhibition of Brucella suis carbonic anhydrase II by spectrophotometry at pH 8.3	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 19, Issue:3	A new β-carbonic anhydrase from Brucella suis, its cloning, characterization, and inhibition with sulfonamides and sulfamates, leading to impaired pathogen growth.
AID1354957	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 5B after 15 mins by stopped flow carbon dioxide hydration assay	2018	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, May-10, Volume: 9, Issue:5	Design, Synthesis, and X-ray of Selenides as New Class of Agents for Prevention of Diabetic Cerebrovascular Pathology.
AID588195	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human recombinant alpha-carbonic anhydrase 2 to Ki for Mycobacterium tuberculosis recombinant Rv1284 beta-carbonic anhydrase	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Natural product-based phenols as novel probes for mycobacterial and fungal carbonic anhydrases.
AID625281	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID263639	Selectivity for Helicobacter pylori recombinant CA over human recombinant CA2	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 16, Issue:8	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: cloning and sulfonamide inhibition studies of a carboxyterminal truncated alpha-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori.
AID539464	Solubility of the compound in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at 600 uM at pH 7.4 after 24 hrs by LC/MS/MS analysis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24	Experimental solubility profiling of marketed CNS drugs, exploring solubility limit of CNS discovery candidate.
AID1142837	Inhibition of Legionella pneumophilia subsp. Pneumophila strain Philadelphia-1 carbonic anhydrase-2 assessed as CO2 hydrase activity by stopped-flow assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 22, Issue:11	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of two β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila.
AID1278411	Inhibition of Nostoc commune gamma carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 26, Issue:4	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic bacterium Colwellia psychrerythraea.
AID484156	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 3 preincubated for 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: crystallographic and solution binding studies for the interaction of a boron-containing aromatic sulfamide with mammalian isoforms I-XV.
AID471576	Anticonvulsant activity against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in CF1 mouse assessed as increase in seizure threshold for clonus at 107 mg/kg, ip administered 15 mins before pentylenetetrazole infusion	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: advancement of N-((benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into human clinical studies.
AID300807	Inhibition of cloned catalytic domani of human carbonic anhydrase 11 by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 17, Issue:18	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of cytosolic isoforms I and II, and extracellular isoforms IV, IX, and XII with sulfamides incorporating sugar moieties.
AID1354959	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 9 after 15 mins by stopped flow carbon dioxide hydration assay	2018	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, May-10, Volume: 9, Issue:5	Design, Synthesis, and X-ray of Selenides as New Class of Agents for Prevention of Diabetic Cerebrovascular Pathology.
AID464118	Inhibition of human recombinant CA1 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Identification of 3,4-Dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-sulfonamides as potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation, and enzyme--ligand X-ray studies.
AID1333764	Anticonvulsant activity in ip dosed Carworth Farm1 mouse assessed as protection against maximal electroshock-induced seizures administered 30 mins prior to 60-Hz current induction	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 27, Issue:1	Simple N,N-dimethyl phenylsulfonamides show potent anticonvulsant effect in two standard epilepsy models.
AID299250	Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori beta carbonic anhydrase by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: the beta-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori is a new target for sulfonamide and sulfamate inhibitors.
AID272527	Inhibition of catalytic domain of human cloned CA12 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 49, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: clash with Ala65 as a means for designing inhibitors with low affinity for the ubiquitous isozyme II, exemplified by the crystal structure of the topiramate sulfamide analogue.
AID1534905	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase-12 catalytic domain assessed as reduction in CO2 hydration after 15 mins by phenol red dye based stopped flow assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163	Exploring structural properties of potent human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors bearing a 4-(cycloalkylamino-1-carbonyl)benzenesulfonamide moiety.
AID47903	Inhibitory activity against human cloned carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II)	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-10, Volume: 13, Issue:5	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: SAR and X-ray crystallographic study for the interaction of sugar sulfamates/sulfamides with isozymes I, II and IV.
AID1766622	Inhibition of recombinant human CA1 pre-incubated for 15 mins measured by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-25, Volume: 64, Issue:6	Discovery of Potent Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors as Effective Anticonvulsant Agents: Drug Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations.
AID178866	Compound was tested for the effective dose (ED50) for each time point in Rats. 95% confidence limits are given in parentheses 8 Hour	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID1268963	Inhibition of recombinant human carbonic anhydrase-2 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 26, Issue:2	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the gammaproteobacterium Thiomicrospira crunogena XCL-2, TcruCA.
AID300805	Inhibition of human truncated recombinant carbonic anhydrase 4 by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 17, Issue:18	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of cytosolic isoforms I and II, and extracellular isoforms IV, IX, and XII with sulfamides incorporating sugar moieties.
AID588185	Inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans recombinant Can2 beta-carbonic anhydrase after 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Natural product-based phenols as novel probes for mycobacterial and fungal carbonic anhydrases.
AID254247	Inhibition of cloned human carbonic anhydrase II	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-08, Volume: 48, Issue:18	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: stacking with Phe131 determines active site binding region of inhibitors as exemplified by the X-ray crystal structure of a membrane-impermeant antitumor sulfonamide complexed with isozyme II.
AID178724	Compound was tested for the effective dose (ED50) for each time point in Rats. 95% confidence limits are given in parentheses 16 Hour	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID1061170	Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis gamma-carbonic anhydrase expressed in Escherichia coli preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 24, Issue:1	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the γ-carbonic anhydrase from the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis.
AID459696	Inhibition of Brucella suis CA1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) by stopped-flow CO2-hydration assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-11, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of a beta-carbonic anhydrase from Brucella suis.
AID625283	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1894956	Anticonvulsant activity in Kunming mouse assessed as reduction in Sc-PTZ induced seizure after 1 hr	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-13, Volume: 64, Issue:9	Discovery of HN37 as a Potent and Chemically Stable Antiepileptic Drug Candidate.
AID311026	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 4	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 15, Issue:13	Carbonic anhydrases as targets for medicinal chemistry.
AID311034	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 14	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 15, Issue:13	Carbonic anhydrases as targets for medicinal chemistry.
AID456398	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 1 by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 18, Issue:1	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Identification of selective inhibitors of the human mitochondrial isozymes VA and VB over the cytosolic isozymes I and II from a natural product-based phenolic library.
AID369273	Inhibition of human full length recombinant carbonic anhydrase 6 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-12, Volume: 52, Issue:3	Cloning, expression, post-translational modifications and inhibition studies on the latest mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoform, CA XV.
AID612732	Inhibition of Salmonella Typhimurium recombinant carbonic anhydrase 2 at pH 8.3 by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 19, Issue:16	Inhibition studies of the β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium with sulfonamides and sulfamates.
AID474214	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human recombinant CA2 to Ki for human recombinant CA12	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-08, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Sulfonamide linked neoglycoconjugates--a new class of inhibitors for cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases.
AID588213	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID300474	Inhibition of mouse recombinant full length CA13 by stopped-flow technique	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 17, Issue:17	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of the antiepileptic drug sulthiame with twelve mammalian isoforms: kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies.
AID471559	Anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock-induced seizure in po dosed CF1 mouse after 1 hr	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: advancement of N-((benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into human clinical studies.
AID299547	Inhibition of human CA12	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of human, bacterial, and archaeal isozymes with benzene-1,3-disulfonamides--solution and crystallographic studies.
AID1079946	Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID299243	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: the beta-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori is a new target for sulfonamide and sulfamate inhibitors.
AID648181	Inhibition of human wild type carbonic anhydrase 2 Leu204Ser mutant expressed in Escherichia coli after 15 mins preincubation by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Mutation of active site residues Asn67 to Ile, Gln92 to Val and Leu204 to Ser in human carbonic anhydrase II: influences on the catalytic activity and affinity for inhibitors.
AID365979	Inhibition of human cloned CA2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of the antitumor sulfamate EMD 486019 with twelve mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms: Kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies.
AID1453412	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase-1 assessed as reduction in CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins followed by CO2 addition measured for 10 to 100 secs by stopped-flow assay
AID197266	In vivo anticonvulsant activity to prevent seizures from maximum electroshock (MES) in rat hippocampal slices	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-18, Volume: 44, Issue:2	Medicinal chemistry of neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel blockers.
AID1079938	Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID112979	Compound was tested for the effective dose (ED50) for each time point in Mice. 95% confidence limits are given in parentheses 12 hr	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID1204106	Inhibition of recombinant Streptococcus mutans UA159 beta-carbonic anhydrase expressed in Escherichia coli Arctic cells preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 25, Issue:11	Sulfonamide inhibition study of the β-class carbonic anhydrase from the caries producing pathogen Streptococcus mutans.
AID770582	Inhibition of human membrane bound carbonic anhydrase 12 preincubated for 15 mins at room temperature followed by 72 hrs at 4 degC by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of the human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, IX and XII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4,5,6,7-tetrabromophthalimide moiety.
AID552129	Inhibition of human recombinant CA6 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 21, Issue:2	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition studies with anions and sulfonamides of a new cytosolic enzyme from the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata.
AID342467	Inhibition of AQP4 expressed in rat FRT cells assessed as osmotic water permeability at 100 uM after 15 mins by stopped-flow light scattering method	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Lack of aquaporin-4 water transport inhibition by antiepileptics and arylsulfonamides.
AID436563	Inhibition of human recombinant CA1 by stopped-flow CO2 assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition studies of a coral secretory isoform by sulfonamides.
AID770584	Inhibition of human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 7 preincubated for 15 mins at room temperature followed by 72 hrs at 4 degC by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of the human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, IX and XII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4,5,6,7-tetrabromophthalimide moiety.
AID1195371	Inhibition of Anopheles gambiae carbonic anhydrase pre-incubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 23, Issue:10	The β-carbonic anhydrase from the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae is highly inhibited by sulfonamides.
AID625284	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID441206	Inhibition of human cloned CA1 by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-22, Volume: 52, Issue:20	S-glycosyl primary sulfonamides--a new structural class for selective inhibition of cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases.
AID1194024	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 1 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 23, Issue:8	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic cyanobacterium Nostoc commune.
AID50190	Inhibition concentration by inhibition of carbonic anhydrase from brain in Rat. 95% confidence limits are given in parentheses.	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID484164	Inhibition of full length mouse carbonic anhydrase 13 preincubated for 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: crystallographic and solution binding studies for the interaction of a boron-containing aromatic sulfamide with mammalian isoforms I-XV.
AID366658	Inhibition of human cloned CA2 by CO2 hydration assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16	Inhibition of human mitochondrial carbonic anhydrases VA and VB with para-(4-phenyltriazole-1-yl)-benzenesulfonamide derivatives.
AID588219	FDA HLAED, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) increase	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID625280	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID15879	Partition coefficient (logP)	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID770586	Inhibition of human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 1 preincubated for 15 mins at room temperature followed by 72 hrs at 4 degC by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of the human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, IX and XII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4,5,6,7-tetrabromophthalimide moiety.
AID50337	Inhibition concentration by inhibition of carbonic anhydrase from synaptosomes in Rat. 95% confidence limits are given in parentheses.	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID625291	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID295297	Anticonvulsant activity in OF1 mouse at 50 mg/kg, ip after 2 hrs by MES test	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of isoforms I, II, IV, VA, VII, IX, and XIV with sulfonamides incorporating fructopyranose-thioureido tails.
AID604026	Unbound CSF to plasma concentration ratio in human	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-22, Volume: 52, Issue:20	Structure-brain exposure relationships in rat and human using a novel data set of unbound drug concentrations in brain interstitial and cerebrospinal fluids.
AID588211	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1354958	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 7 after 15 mins by stopped flow carbon dioxide hydration assay	2018	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, May-10, Volume: 9, Issue:5	Design, Synthesis, and X-ray of Selenides as New Class of Agents for Prevention of Diabetic Cerebrovascular Pathology.
AID625287	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID351808	Inhibition of human recombinant full length carbonic anhydrase 14 by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	Synthesis and evaluation of pharmacological profile of 1-aryl-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-sulfonamides.
AID441715	Inhibition of human recombinant CA13 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 53, Issue:2	The coumarin-binding site in carbonic anhydrase accommodates structurally diverse inhibitors: the antiepileptic lacosamide as an example and lead molecule for novel classes of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID1442645	Inhibition of recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 2 incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-23, Volume: 60, Issue:6	Discovery of Benzenesulfonamides with Potent Human Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory and Effective Anticonvulsant Action: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Assessment.
AID272522	Inhibition of human cloned CA4 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 49, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: clash with Ala65 as a means for designing inhibitors with low affinity for the ubiquitous isozyme II, exemplified by the crystal structure of the topiramate sulfamide analogue.
AID471566	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 by CO2 hydration assay	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: advancement of N-((benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into human clinical studies.
AID588182	Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis recombinant Rv3273 beta-carbonic anhydrase after 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Natural product-based phenols as novel probes for mycobacterial and fungal carbonic anhydrases.
AID50335	Inhibition concentration by inhibition of carbonic anhydrase from myelin in Rat. 95% confidence limits are given in parentheses.	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID238574	Inhibitory activity against human carbonic anhydrase II (hCAII)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 15, Issue:4	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the membrane-bound human and bovine isozymes IV with sulfonamides.
AID113862	Effective dose against maximal electroshock seizures in mice, at 4 hr following oral administration of 10 mg/kg of compound	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID437750	Inhibition of full length Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv recombinant carbonic anhydrase 2 encoded by RV3588c by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 19, Issue:23	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Characterization and inhibition studies of the most active beta-carbonic anhydrase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rv3588c.
AID1079941	Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID275807	Inhibition of human recombinant cytosolic isozyme CA I by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase method	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-25, Volume: 50, Issue:2	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. DNA cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of the human secretory isoform VI, a new target for sulfonamide and sulfamate inhibitors.
AID725956	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 2 by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 56, Issue:4	Cloning, characterization, and sulfonamide and thiol inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease.
AID471572	Anticonvulsant activity against bicuculline-induced seizure in ip dosed CF1 mouse after 0.25 hrs	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: advancement of N-((benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into human clinical studies.
AID349606	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 2 by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of a new beta-carbonic anhydrase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID441209	Inhibition of human cloned CA12 catalytic domain by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-22, Volume: 52, Issue:20	S-glycosyl primary sulfonamides--a new structural class for selective inhibition of cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases.
AID441714	Inhibition of human recombinant CA12 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 53, Issue:2	The coumarin-binding site in carbonic anhydrase accommodates structurally diverse inhibitors: the antiepileptic lacosamide as an example and lead molecule for novel classes of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID1079947	Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID178726	Compound was tested for the effective dose (ED50) for each time point in Rats. 95% confidence limits are given in parentheses 24 Hour	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID123726	Percentage block of the hind-limb tonic-extensor seizure was determined after application of an electric shock to mice for 120 min followed by 100 mg/kg peroral dose	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5	Anticonvulsant O-alkyl sulfamates. 2,3:4,5-Bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-D-fructopyranose sulfamate and related compounds.
AID261579	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 1 by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 49, Issue:6	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: DNA cloning and inhibition studies of the alpha-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori, a new target for developing sulfonamide and sulfamate gastric drugs.
AID328195	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 by 4-NPA hydrolysis assay	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Carbonic anhydrase-II inhibition. what are the true enzyme-inhibitory properties of the sulfamide cognate of topiramate?
AID299553	Inhibition of full length human CA9	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of human, bacterial, and archaeal isozymes with benzene-1,3-disulfonamides--solution and crystallographic studies.
AID588215	FDA HLAED, alkaline phosphatase increase	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID48309	Inhibition of murine mitochondrial isozyme Carbonic anhydrase V at 20 degrees C	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 47, Issue:5	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of mitochondrial isozyme V with aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides.
AID1489024	Anticonvulsant activity in ip dosed subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure mouse model assessed no observable episode of clonic seizure	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-01, Volume: 27, Issue:17	N-alkyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-sulfonamide derivatives as novel broad spectrum anti-epileptic drugs with efficacy equivalent to that of sodium valproate.
AID441708	Inhibition of human recombinant CA4 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 53, Issue:2	The coumarin-binding site in carbonic anhydrase accommodates structurally diverse inhibitors: the antiepileptic lacosamide as an example and lead molecule for novel classes of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID471573	Anticonvulsant activity against picrotoxin-induced seizure in ip dosed CF1 mouse after 0.25 hrs	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: advancement of N-((benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into human clinical studies.
AID474208	Inhibition of human recombinant CA2 by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-08, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Sulfonamide linked neoglycoconjugates--a new class of inhibitors for cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases.
AID300803	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 1 by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 17, Issue:18	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of cytosolic isoforms I and II, and extracellular isoforms IV, IX, and XII with sulfamides incorporating sugar moieties.
AID588183	Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis recombinant Rv1284 beta-carbonic anhydrase after 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Natural product-based phenols as novel probes for mycobacterial and fungal carbonic anhydrases.
AID600083	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 2 to Ki for human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 7	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 19, Issue:12	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Phenacetyl-, pyridylacetyl- and thienylacetyl-substituted aromatic sulfonamides act as potent and selective isoform VII inhibitors.
AID295291	Inhibition of human recombinant CA4 after 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped flow assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of isoforms I, II, IV, VA, VII, IX, and XIV with sulfonamides incorporating fructopyranose-thioureido tails.
AID436565	Inhibition of cloned Stylophora pistillata alpha-CA expressed in human HEK293 cells by stopped-flow CO2 assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition studies of a coral secretory isoform by sulfonamides.
AID371558	Inhibition of full length human recombinant mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase 5B preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 18, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: 2-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-sulfamides act as powerful and selective inhibitors of the mitochondrial isozymes VA and VB over the cytosolic and membrane-associated carbonic anhydrases I, II and IV.
AID648179	Inhibition of human wild type carbonic anhydrase 2 Asn67Ile mutant expressed in Escherichia coli after 15 mins preincubation by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Mutation of active site residues Asn67 to Ile, Gln92 to Val and Leu204 to Ser in human carbonic anhydrase II: influences on the catalytic activity and affinity for inhibitors.
AID588024	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human carbonic anhydrase 1 to Ki carbonic anhydrase 12	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel carbohydrate-based sulfamates as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID441711	Inhibition of human recombinant CA6 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 53, Issue:2	The coumarin-binding site in carbonic anhydrase accommodates structurally diverse inhibitors: the antiepileptic lacosamide as an example and lead molecule for novel classes of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID238575	Inhibitory activity against human carbonic anhydrase IV (hCAIV)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 15, Issue:4	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the membrane-bound human and bovine isozymes IV with sulfonamides.
AID1473738	Inhibition of human BSEP overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-taurocholate in presence of ATP measured after 15 to 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay	2013	Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1	A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID263636	Inhibition of human recombinant CA1	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 16, Issue:8	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: cloning and sulfonamide inhibition studies of a carboxyterminal truncated alpha-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori.
AID256965	Inhibitory activity against human recombinant mitochondrial isozyme CA VB	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 48, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. The mitochondrial isozyme VB as a new target for sulfonamide and sulfamate inhibitors.
AID1278413	Inhibition of recombinant Colwellia psychrerythraea gamma carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 26, Issue:4	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic bacterium Colwellia psychrerythraea.
AID539470	Solubility of the compound in water	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24	Experimental solubility profiling of marketed CNS drugs, exploring solubility limit of CNS discovery candidate.
AID47905	Inhibitory effect on human Carbonic anhydrase II	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: anticonvulsant sulfonamides incorporating valproyl and other lipophilic moieties.
AID1442657	Anticonvulsant activity in Swiss albino mouse assessed as protection against subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures at 30 mg/kg, ip administered 0.5 hrs to 3 hrs prior to PTZ induction	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-23, Volume: 60, Issue:6	Discovery of Benzenesulfonamides with Potent Human Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory and Effective Anticonvulsant Action: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Assessment.
AID577527	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase II by spectrophotometry at pH 7.5	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 19, Issue:3	A new β-carbonic anhydrase from Brucella suis, its cloning, characterization, and inhibition with sulfonamides and sulfamates, leading to impaired pathogen growth.
AID977599	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1142833	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase-1 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 22, Issue:11	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of two β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila.
AID365978	Inhibition of human cloned CA1 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of the antitumor sulfamate EMD 486019 with twelve mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms: Kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies.
AID1262263	Inhibition of human CA1 incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 25, Issue:23	Anion and sulfonamide inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic hemoglobinless fish Chionodraco hamatus.
AID349607	Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis recombinant carbonic anhydrase 1 encoded by Rv1284 by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of a new beta-carbonic anhydrase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1079949	Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID743514	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 2 preincubated for 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 21, Issue:6	The alpha-carbonic anhydrase from the thermophilic bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1 is highly susceptible to inhibition by sulfonamides.
AID311033	Inhibition of mouse carbonic anhydrase 13	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 15, Issue:13	Carbonic anhydrases as targets for medicinal chemistry.
AID1766624	Inhibition of recombinant human CA7 pre-incubated for 15 mins measured by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-25, Volume: 64, Issue:6	Discovery of Potent Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors as Effective Anticonvulsant Agents: Drug Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations.
AID474213	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human recombinant CA2 to Ki for human recombinant CA9	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-08, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Sulfonamide linked neoglycoconjugates--a new class of inhibitors for cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases.
AID121995	Neurotoxic dose ED50 after po administration in mice at 1 hrs was determined	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5	Anticonvulsant O-alkyl sulfamates. 2,3:4,5-Bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-D-fructopyranose sulfamate and related compounds.
AID669115	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 preincubated for 15 mins measured for 10 to 100 sec by stopped-flow method	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-12, Volume: 55, Issue:7	Molecular cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of a β-carbonic anhydrase from Malassezia globosa, a potential antidandruff target.
AID224861	Anticonvulsant activity in mice by MES test at 3.0 hr following intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg dose	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: anticonvulsant sulfonamides incorporating valproyl and other lipophilic moieties.
AID261580	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 49, Issue:6	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: DNA cloning and inhibition studies of the alpha-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori, a new target for developing sulfonamide and sulfamate gastric drugs.
AID484161	Inhibition of full length human carbonic anhydrase 7 preincubated for 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: crystallographic and solution binding studies for the interaction of a boron-containing aromatic sulfamide with mammalian isoforms I-XV.
AID396640	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 12 by CO2 hydration assay	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 43, Issue:12	Indanesulfonamides as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and anticonvulsant agents: structure-activity relationship and pharmacological evaluation.
AID471581	Anticonvulsant activity against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in ip dosed CF1 mouse assessed as increase in seizure threshold for clonus at TD50 administered 15 mins before pentylenetetrazole infusion	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: advancement of N-((benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into human clinical studies.
AID123733	Percentage block of the hind-limb tonic-extensor seizure was determined after application of an electric shock to mice for 120 min followed by 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5	Anticonvulsant O-alkyl sulfamates. 2,3:4,5-Bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-D-fructopyranose sulfamate and related compounds.
AID1067229	Inhibition of human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 22, Issue:5	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of the human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, IX and XII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4- and 3-nitrophthalimide moieties.
AID601817	Anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock-induced seizures in po dosed rat	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-09, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Anticonvulsant 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide derivatives with branched-alkylamide moieties: X-ray crystallography and inhibition studies of human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, and XIV.
AID578221	Inhibition of human recombinant CA1 cytosolic isoform by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 21, Issue:5	(R)-/(S)-10-camphorsulfonyl-substituted aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides selectively inhibit mitochondrial over cytosolic carbonic anhydrases.
AID1442646	Inhibition of recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 7 incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-23, Volume: 60, Issue:6	Discovery of Benzenesulfonamides with Potent Human Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory and Effective Anticonvulsant Action: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Assessment.
AID1209582	Unbound volume of distribution in Sprague-Dawley rat brain slices at 100 nM after 5 hrs	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Mar, Volume: 39, Issue:3	Measurement of unbound drug exposure in brain: modeling of pH partitioning explains diverging results between the brain slice and brain homogenate methods.
AID726232	Inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi CL Brener recombinant alpha-carbonic anhydrase expressed in insect Sf9 cell Baculovirus system by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 56, Issue:4	Cloning, characterization, and sulfonamide and thiol inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease.
AID238276	Ki value against human carbonic anhydrase I (hCA I)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 15, Issue:4	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XII with sulfonamides-a new target for the design of antitumor and antiglaucoma drugs?
AID239219	Inhibitory constant value for Carbonic anhydrase II in human determined in esterase assay	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6	Comparison of sulfamate and sulfamide groups for the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase-II by using topiramate as a structural platform.
AID1628037	Inhibition of human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 2 preincubated for 15 mins by stop flow CO2 hydrase assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-01, Volume: 26, Issue:17	Cloning, expression, purification and sulfonamide inhibition profile of the complete domain of the η-carbonic anhydrase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID484157	Inhibition of full length human carbonic anhydrase 4 preincubated for 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: crystallographic and solution binding studies for the interaction of a boron-containing aromatic sulfamide with mammalian isoforms I-XV.
AID342468	Inhibition of AQP4 expressed in rat FRT cells assessed as osmotic water permeability at 100 uM after 60 mins by stopped-flow light scattering method	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Lack of aquaporin-4 water transport inhibition by antiepileptics and arylsulfonamides.
AID1067227	Inhibition of human transmembrane carbonic anhydrase 12 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 22, Issue:5	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of the human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, IX and XII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4- and 3-nitrophthalimide moieties.
AID441710	Inhibition of human recombinant CA5B by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 53, Issue:2	The coumarin-binding site in carbonic anhydrase accommodates structurally diverse inhibitors: the antiepileptic lacosamide as an example and lead molecule for novel classes of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID588193	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human recombinant alpha-carbonic anhydrase 1 to Ki for Cryptococcus neoformans recombinant Can2 beta-carbonic anhydrase	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Natural product-based phenols as novel probes for mycobacterial and fungal carbonic anhydrases.
AID1060765	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 7 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 71	Structure-based screening for the discovery of new carbonic anhydrase VII inhibitors.
AID743515	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 1 preincubated for 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 21, Issue:6	The alpha-carbonic anhydrase from the thermophilic bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1 is highly susceptible to inhibition by sulfonamides.
AID1188136	Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori Beta-carbonic anhydrase compound preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay method	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 22, Issue:17	Sulfonamide inhibition study of the carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis: the β-class (PgiCAb) versus the γ-class (PgiCA) enzymes.
AID299242	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 1 by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: the beta-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori is a new target for sulfonamide and sulfamate inhibitors.
AID178864	Compound was tested for the effective dose (ED50) for each time point in Rats. 95% confidence limits are given in parentheses 4 Hour	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID436746	Inhibition of human recombinant cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 1 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides incorporating phenacetyl, pyridylacetyl and thienylacetyl tails act as potent inhibitors of human mitochondrial isoforms VA and VB.
AID474206	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human recombinant CA1 to Ki for human recombinant CA9	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-08, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Sulfonamide linked neoglycoconjugates--a new class of inhibitors for cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases.
AID1442655	Anticonvulsant activity in Swiss albino mouse assessed as attenuation of maximal electroshock-induced seizures at 30 mg/kg, ip administered 0.5 to 3 hrs prior to 50 mA current induction	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-23, Volume: 60, Issue:6	Discovery of Benzenesulfonamides with Potent Human Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory and Effective Anticonvulsant Action: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Assessment.
AID612731	Inhibition of Salmonella Typhimurium recombinant carbonic anhydrase 1 at pH 8.3 by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 19, Issue:16	Inhibition studies of the β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium with sulfonamides and sulfamates.
AID764717	Inhibition of human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 7 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 21, Issue:17	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Synthesis and inhibition of the cytosolic mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II and VII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4,5,6,7-tetrachlorophthalimide moiety.
AID349608	Inhibition of full length Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv recombinant carbonic anhydrase 3 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of a new beta-carbonic anhydrase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1894959	Anticonvulsant activity in C57BL/6 mouse 6 Hz seizure model at 32 mA measured after 1 hr	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-13, Volume: 64, Issue:9	Discovery of HN37 as a Potent and Chemically Stable Antiepileptic Drug Candidate.
AID1262264	Inhibition of human CA2 incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 25, Issue:23	Anion and sulfonamide inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic hemoglobinless fish Chionodraco hamatus.
AID365982	Inhibition of human cloned CA5A by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of the antitumor sulfamate EMD 486019 with twelve mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms: Kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies.
AID299545	Inhibition of human CA7	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of human, bacterial, and archaeal isozymes with benzene-1,3-disulfonamides--solution and crystallographic studies.
AID1061067	Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis recombinant gamma-carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 24, Issue:1	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the δ-carbonic anhydrase from the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii.
AID342469	Inhibition of AQP4 expressed in rat FRT cells assessed as transepithelial osmotic water permeability at 100 uM by dye dilution method	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Lack of aquaporin-4 water transport inhibition by antiepileptics and arylsulfonamides.
AID1894960	Anticonvulsant activity in C57BL/6 mouse 6 Hz seizure model at 44 mA measured after 1 hr	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-13, Volume: 64, Issue:9	Discovery of HN37 as a Potent and Chemically Stable Antiepileptic Drug Candidate.
AID588022	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 12 catalytic domain by CO2 hydration assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel carbohydrate-based sulfamates as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID299538	Inhibition of human CA1	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of human, bacterial, and archaeal isozymes with benzene-1,3-disulfonamides--solution and crystallographic studies.
AID625286	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1442647	Inhibition of recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 12 incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-23, Volume: 60, Issue:6	Discovery of Benzenesulfonamides with Potent Human Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory and Effective Anticonvulsant Action: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Assessment.
AID471561	Anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock-induced seizure in po dosed mouse after 4 hrs	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: advancement of N-((benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into human clinical studies.
AID1755144	Inhibition of recombinant human CA7 incubated for 15 mins by phenol red dye based stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 44	Design, synthesis and biochemical evaluation of novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitors triggered by structural knowledge on hCA VII.
AID484158	Inhibition of full length human carbonic anhydrase 5a preincubated for 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: crystallographic and solution binding studies for the interaction of a boron-containing aromatic sulfamide with mammalian isoforms I-XV.
AID604024	Unbound brain to plasma concentration ratio in Sprague-Dawley rat administered in casettes of 2/3 drugs at 4 hr constant rate intravenous infusions using flow rate of 1 (ml/kg)/hr corresponding to dosage rate of 2 (umol/kg)/hr	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-22, Volume: 52, Issue:20	Structure-brain exposure relationships in rat and human using a novel data set of unbound drug concentrations in brain interstitial and cerebrospinal fluids.
AID1628036	Inhibition of full length human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 1 preincubated for 15 mins by stop flow CO2 hydrase assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-01, Volume: 26, Issue:17	Cloning, expression, purification and sulfonamide inhibition profile of the complete domain of the η-carbonic anhydrase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID19675	Partition coefficient (logP)	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID599955	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 1 to Ki for human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 7	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 19, Issue:12	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Phenacetyl-, pyridylacetyl- and thienylacetyl-substituted aromatic sulfonamides act as potent and selective isoform VII inhibitors.
AID669119	Inhibition of GST-tagged Malassezia globosa ATCC 96807/CBS 7966 MG-CA expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells preincubated for 15 mins measured for 10 to 100 sec by stopped-flow method	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-12, Volume: 55, Issue:7	Molecular cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of a β-carbonic anhydrase from Malassezia globosa, a potential antidandruff target.
AID711212	Inhibition of recombinant Vibrio cholerae carbonic anhydrase expressed in Escherichia coli (DE3) preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-13, Volume: 55, Issue:23	DNA cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
AID299541	Inhibition of human CA4	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of human, bacterial, and archaeal isozymes with benzene-1,3-disulfonamides--solution and crystallographic studies.
AID1079935	Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID1278412	Inhibition of Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis gamma carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 26, Issue:4	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic bacterium Colwellia psychrerythraea.
AID770583	Inhibition of human membrane bound carbonic anhydrase 9 preincubated for 15 mins at room temperature followed by 72 hrs at 4 degC by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of the human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, IX and XII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4,5,6,7-tetrabromophthalimide moiety.
AID47898	Inhibition of human cytosolic isozyme Carbonic anhydrase II at 20 degree C	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 47, Issue:5	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of mitochondrial isozyme V with aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides.
AID369271	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 1 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-12, Volume: 52, Issue:3	Cloning, expression, post-translational modifications and inhibition studies on the latest mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoform, CA XV.
AID588191	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human recombinant alpha-carbonic anhydrase 1 to Ki for Mycobacterium tuberculosis recombinant Rv1284 beta-carbonic anhydrase	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Natural product-based phenols as novel probes for mycobacterial and fungal carbonic anhydrases.
AID396641	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 14 by CO2 hydration assay	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 43, Issue:12	Indanesulfonamides as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and anticonvulsant agents: structure-activity relationship and pharmacological evaluation.
AID441707	Inhibition of human recombinant CA3 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 53, Issue:2	The coumarin-binding site in carbonic anhydrase accommodates structurally diverse inhibitors: the antiepileptic lacosamide as an example and lead molecule for novel classes of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID471586	Anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock-induced seizure in po dosed Sprague-Dawley rat after 2 hrs	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: advancement of N-((benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into human clinical studies.
AID300760	Selectivity for human CA12 over human CA1	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 17, Issue:18	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Selective inhibition of the extracellular, tumor-associated isoforms IX and XII over isozymes I and II with glycosyl-thioureido-sulfonamides.
AID1268962	Inhibition of recombinant human carbonic anhydrase-1 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 26, Issue:2	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the gammaproteobacterium Thiomicrospira crunogena XCL-2, TcruCA.
AID239287	Mean inhibitory constant towards human carbonic anhydrase V determined by spectrophotometric dansylamide binding assay	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-02, Volume: 15, Issue:9	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Zonisamide is an effective inhibitor of the cytosolic isozyme II and mitochondrial isozyme V: solution and X-ray crystallographic studies.
AID588212	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1079945	Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID178865	Compound was tested for the effective dose (ED50) for each time point in Rats. 95% confidence limits are given in parentheses 48 Hour	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID328200	Binding affinity to human carbonic anhydrase 2 in presence of 10 mM PIPES and 100 uM Na2SO4 at pH 7.0 by ThermoFluor method	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 51, Issue:8	Carbonic anhydrase-II inhibition. what are the true enzyme-inhibitory properties of the sulfamide cognate of topiramate?
AID1354955	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 after 15 mins by stopped flow carbon dioxide hydration assay	2018	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, May-10, Volume: 9, Issue:5	Design, Synthesis, and X-ray of Selenides as New Class of Agents for Prevention of Diabetic Cerebrovascular Pathology.
AID261582	Selectivity ratio for human carbonic anhydrase 2 over Helicobacter pylori carbonic anhydrase	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 49, Issue:6	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: DNA cloning and inhibition studies of the alpha-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori, a new target for developing sulfonamide and sulfamate gastric drugs.
AID272521	Inhibition of human cloned CA2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 49, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: clash with Ala65 as a means for designing inhibitors with low affinity for the ubiquitous isozyme II, exemplified by the crystal structure of the topiramate sulfamide analogue.
AID669116	Inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans Can2 preincubated for 15 mins measured for 10 to 100 sec by stopped-flow method	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-12, Volume: 55, Issue:7	Molecular cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of a β-carbonic anhydrase from Malassezia globosa, a potential antidandruff target.
AID604022	Fraction unbound in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma administered in casettes of 2/3 drugs at 4 hr constant rate intravenous infusions using flow rate of 1 (ml/kg)/hr corresponding to dosage rate of 2 (umol/kg)/hr by LC-MS/MS method	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-22, Volume: 52, Issue:20	Structure-brain exposure relationships in rat and human using a novel data set of unbound drug concentrations in brain interstitial and cerebrospinal fluids.
AID272530	Inhibition of human cloned CA9 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 49, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: clash with Ala65 as a means for designing inhibitors with low affinity for the ubiquitous isozyme II, exemplified by the crystal structure of the topiramate sulfamide analogue.
AID725955	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 1 by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 56, Issue:4	Cloning, characterization, and sulfonamide and thiol inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease.
AID112978	Compound was tested for the effective dose (ED50) for each time point in Mice. 95% confidence limits are given in parentheses 1 Hour	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID471587	Anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock-induced seizure in po dosed rat after 4 hrs	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: advancement of N-((benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into human clinical studies.
AID1449628	Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in baculovirus transfected fall armyworm Sf21 cell membranes vesicles assessed as reduction in ATP-dependent [3H]-taurocholate transport into vesicles incubated for 5 mins by Topcount based rapid filtration method	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 40, Issue:12	Mitigating the inhibition of human bile salt export pump by drugs: opportunities provided by physicochemical property modulation, in silico modeling, and structural modification.
AID593734	Inhibition of human recombinant CAH7	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 54, Issue:7	Structural basis for the interaction between carbonic anhydrase and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-ylsulfonamides.
AID588026	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human carbonic anhydrase 2 to Ki carbonic anhydrase 12	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel carbohydrate-based sulfamates as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID552131	Inhibition of Stylophora pistillata carbonic anhydrase 2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 21, Issue:2	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition studies with anions and sulfonamides of a new cytosolic enzyme from the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata.
AID427124	Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori beta-carbonic anhydrase by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition and homology modeling studies of the fungal beta-carbonic anhydrase from Candida albicans with sulfonamides.
AID471582	Anticonvulsant activity against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in ip dosed CF1 mouse assessed as increase in threshold of seizure twitch at TD50 administered 15 mins before pentylenetetrazole infusion	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: advancement of N-((benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into human clinical studies.
AID112980	Compound was tested for the effective dose (ED50) for each time point in Mice. 95% confidence limits are given in parentheses 16 Hour	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID238247	Ki value against human carbonic anhydrase I	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 15, Issue:4	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the human cytosolic isozyme VII with aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides.
AID48126	Inhibitory effect on bovine Carbonic anhydrase IV	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: anticonvulsant sulfonamides incorporating valproyl and other lipophilic moieties.
AID123877	Percentage block of the hind-limb tonic-extensor seizure was determined after application of an electric shock to mice for 60 min followed by 100 mg/kg peroral dose	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5	Anticonvulsant O-alkyl sulfamates. 2,3:4,5-Bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-D-fructopyranose sulfamate and related compounds.
AID299543	Inhibition of human CA5B	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of human, bacterial, and archaeal isozymes with benzene-1,3-disulfonamides--solution and crystallographic studies.
AID300757	Inhibition of human CA12 catalytic domain by CO2 hydration stopped flow assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 17, Issue:18	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Selective inhibition of the extracellular, tumor-associated isoforms IX and XII over isozymes I and II with glycosyl-thioureido-sulfonamides.
AID1195369	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 1 pre-incubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 23, Issue:10	The β-carbonic anhydrase from the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae is highly inhibited by sulfonamides.
AID342471	Inhibition of AQP4 in wild type mouse brain gilial cells assessed as reduction of osmotic equilibrium rate at 10 to 100 uM after 15 mins by calcein quenching assay relative to water permeability	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Lack of aquaporin-4 water transport inhibition by antiepileptics and arylsulfonamides.
AID552127	Inhibition of human recombinant CA1 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 21, Issue:2	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition studies with anions and sulfonamides of a new cytosolic enzyme from the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata.
AID1755142	Inhibition of recombinant human CA1 incubated for 15 mins by phenol red dye based stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 44	Design, synthesis and biochemical evaluation of novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitors triggered by structural knowledge on hCA VII.
AID1058345	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 by CO2 hydration assay	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 56, Issue:22	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: pharmacological properties of (S)-N-[(6-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxin-2-yl)methyl]sulfamide (JNJ-26489112).
AID178723	Compound was tested for the effective dose (ED50) for each time point in Rats. 95% confidence limits are given in parentheses 12 Hour	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID484163	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 12 catalytic domain preincubated for 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: crystallographic and solution binding studies for the interaction of a boron-containing aromatic sulfamide with mammalian isoforms I-XV.
AID625289	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1291363	Inhibition of recombinant Vibrio cholerae gamma-carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 26, Issue:8	Comparison of the sulfonamide inhibition profiles of the α-, β- and γ-carbonic anhydrases from the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
AID744415	Inhibition of recombinant full length Candida glabrata NCE103 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 23, Issue:9	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the β-class enzyme from the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata with sulfonamides, sulfamates and sulfamides.
AID764719	Inhibition of human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 1 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 21, Issue:17	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Synthesis and inhibition of the cytosolic mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II and VII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4,5,6,7-tetrachlorophthalimide moiety.
AID1240216	Inhibition of Methanosarcina thermophila recombinant gamma carbonic anhydrase by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay method	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis.
AID471562	Anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock-induced seizure in po dosed mouse after 2 hrs	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: advancement of N-((benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into human clinical studies.
AID1262266	Inhibition of weddell seal alphaCA incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 25, Issue:23	Anion and sulfonamide inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic hemoglobinless fish Chionodraco hamatus.
AID1067230	Inhibition of human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 1 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 22, Issue:5	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of the human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, IX and XII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4- and 3-nitrophthalimide moieties.
AID464120	Inhibition of human recombinant CA9 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Identification of 3,4-Dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-sulfonamides as potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation, and enzyme--ligand X-ray studies.
AID1278409	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 preincubated for 15 mins by CO2 hydrase stopped flow assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 26, Issue:4	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic bacterium Colwellia psychrerythraea.
AID113816	Anticonvulsant activity by using a standard maximal electroshock test (MES) in mice by intraperitoneal administration of the compound	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5	Anticonvulsant O-alkyl sulfamates. 2,3:4,5-Bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-D-fructopyranose sulfamate and related compounds.
AID471569	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 by ThermoFluor method	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: advancement of N-((benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into human clinical studies.
AID1209581	Fraction unbound in Sprague-Dawley rat brain homogenates at 5 uM by equilibrium dialysis analysis	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Mar, Volume: 39, Issue:3	Measurement of unbound drug exposure in brain: modeling of pH partitioning explains diverging results between the brain slice and brain homogenate methods.
AID456397	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 2 by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 18, Issue:1	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Identification of selective inhibitors of the human mitochondrial isozymes VA and VB over the cytosolic isozymes I and II from a natural product-based phenolic library.
AID295949	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 5A	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 15, Issue:12	Molecular modeling study for the binding of zonisamide and topiramate to the human mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase isoform VA.
AID471588	Anticonvulsant activity against audiogenic seizures in ip dosed AGS mouse assessed as inhibition of hindlimb tonic extension administered 1 hr prior to 11 kHz sound induction	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: advancement of N-((benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into human clinical studies.
AID436751	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human recombinant cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 2 to Ki for human recombinant full length mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase 5B	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides incorporating phenacetyl, pyridylacetyl and thienylacetyl tails act as potent inhibitors of human mitochondrial isoforms VA and VB.
AID365981	Inhibition of human cloned CA4 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of the antitumor sulfamate EMD 486019 with twelve mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms: Kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies.
AID1194027	Inhibition of recombinant Porphyromonas gingivalis gamma-carbonic anhydrase by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 23, Issue:8	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic cyanobacterium Nostoc commune.
AID238957	Inhibitory activity against human carbonic anhydrase I at 0.09 uM	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-20, Volume: 14, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the prokariotic beta and gamma-class enzymes from Archaea with sulfonamides.
AID263638	Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori recombinant CA	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 16, Issue:8	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: cloning and sulfonamide inhibition studies of a carboxyterminal truncated alpha-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori.
AID224860	Anticonvulsant activity in mice by MES test at 0.5 hr following intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg dose	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: anticonvulsant sulfonamides incorporating valproyl and other lipophilic moieties.
AID625292	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID588196	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human recombinant alpha-carbonic anhydrase 2 to Ki for Candida albicans recombinant Nce103 beta-carbonic anhydrase	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Natural product-based phenols as novel probes for mycobacterial and fungal carbonic anhydrases.
AID295292	Inhibition of human recombinant CA5A after 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped flow assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of isoforms I, II, IV, VA, VII, IX, and XIV with sulfonamides incorporating fructopyranose-thioureido tails.
AID243090	Ratio of inhibition of carbonic anhydrase IV in human to that of carbonic anhydrase IV in bovine	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 15, Issue:4	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the membrane-bound human and bovine isozymes IV with sulfonamides.
AID123737	Percentage block of the hind-limb tonic-extensor seizure was determined after application of an electric shock to mice for 240 min followed by 100 mg/kg peroral dose	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5	Anticonvulsant O-alkyl sulfamates. 2,3:4,5-Bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-D-fructopyranose sulfamate and related compounds.
AID625285	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID578223	Inhibition of human recombinant CA5A mitochondrial isoform by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 21, Issue:5	(R)-/(S)-10-camphorsulfonyl-substituted aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides selectively inhibit mitochondrial over cytosolic carbonic anhydrases.
AID275810	Inhibition of full length human recombinant CA IX	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-25, Volume: 50, Issue:2	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. DNA cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of the human secretory isoform VI, a new target for sulfonamide and sulfamate inhibitors.
AID1275913	Inhibition of human Carbonic anhydrase1 using CO2 as substrate preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 24, Issue:5	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the β-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
AID27918	Lipophilicity of the compound	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: anticonvulsant sulfonamides incorporating valproyl and other lipophilic moieties.
AID552130	Inhibition of Stylophora pistillata carbonic anhydrase by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 21, Issue:2	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition studies with anions and sulfonamides of a new cytosolic enzyme from the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata.
AID299544	Inhibition of human CA6	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of human, bacterial, and archaeal isozymes with benzene-1,3-disulfonamides--solution and crystallographic studies.
AID1473741	Inhibition of human MRP4 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay	2013	Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1	A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1058304	Anticonvulsant activity in ip dosed Sprague-Dawley rat hippocampal kindling model assessed as suppression of seizure activity treated 15 for mins post suprathreshold-stimulation	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 56, Issue:22	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: pharmacological properties of (S)-N-[(6-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxin-2-yl)methyl]sulfamide (JNJ-26489112).
AID604025	Unbound CSF to plasma concentration ratio in Sprague-Dawley rat administered in casettes of 2/3 drugs at 4 hr constant rate intravenous infusions using flow rate of 1 (ml/kg)/hr corresponding to dosage rate of 2 (umol/kg)/hr by LC-MS/MS method	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-22, Volume: 52, Issue:20	Structure-brain exposure relationships in rat and human using a novel data set of unbound drug concentrations in brain interstitial and cerebrospinal fluids.
AID436749	Inhibition of human recombinant full length mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase 5B by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides incorporating phenacetyl, pyridylacetyl and thienylacetyl tails act as potent inhibitors of human mitochondrial isoforms VA and VB.
AID50368	Inhibitory activity against human Carbonic anhydrase I (hCA I)	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 45, Issue:17	Nonaromatic sulfonamide group as an ideal anchor for potent human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: role of hydrogen-bonding networks in ligand binding and drug design.
AID123754	Percentage block of the hind-limb tonic-extensor seizure was determined after application of an electric shock to mice for 30 min followed by 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5	Anticonvulsant O-alkyl sulfamates. 2,3:4,5-Bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-D-fructopyranose sulfamate and related compounds.
AID1453411	Inhibition of Burkholderia pseudomallei beta-carbonic anhydrase assessed as reduction in CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins followed by CO2 addition measured for 10 to 100 secs by stopped-flow assay
AID261581	Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori recombinant carbonic anhydrase by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 49, Issue:6	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: DNA cloning and inhibition studies of the alpha-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori, a new target for developing sulfonamide and sulfamate gastric drugs.
AID1434428	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 assessed as reduction in CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins followed by CO2 addition measured for 10 to 100 sec by Line-Weaver Burk plot analysis
AID295294	Inhibition of human recombinant CA9 after 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped flow assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of isoforms I, II, IV, VA, VII, IX, and XIV with sulfonamides incorporating fructopyranose-thioureido tails.
AID588190	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human recombinant alpha-carbonic anhydrase 1 to Ki for Mycobacterium tuberculosis recombinant Rv3273 beta-carbonic anhydrase	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Natural product-based phenols as novel probes for mycobacterial and fungal carbonic anhydrases.
AID471580	Anticonvulsant activity against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in ip dosed CF1 mouse assessed as increase in seizure threshold for clonus at ED50 administered 15 mins before pentylenetetrazole infusion	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: advancement of N-((benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into human clinical studies.
AID311024	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 15, Issue:13	Carbonic anhydrases as targets for medicinal chemistry.
AID474209	Inhibition of human recombinant CA9 by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-08, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Sulfonamide linked neoglycoconjugates--a new class of inhibitors for cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases.
AID342470	Inhibition of AQP4 in wild type mouse brain gilial cells assessed as osmotic water permeability at 10 to 100 uM after 15 mins by calcein quenching assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Lack of aquaporin-4 water transport inhibition by antiepileptics and arylsulfonamides.
AID669485	Inhibition of human recombinant full length CA7-mediated CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow assay	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8	Synthesis, structure-activity relationship studies, and X-ray crystallographic analysis of arylsulfonamides as potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID300756	Inhibition of human CA9 catalytic domain by CO2 hydration stopped flow assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 17, Issue:18	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Selective inhibition of the extracellular, tumor-associated isoforms IX and XII over isozymes I and II with glycosyl-thioureido-sulfonamides.
AID414956	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 2 by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-23, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Molecular cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of the Rv1284 beta-carbonic anhydrase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis with sulfonamides and a sulfamate.
AID409600	Inhibition of human aquaporin 4 M23 isoform expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes at 20 uM	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 17, Issue:1	Inhibition of aquaporin 4 by antiepileptic drugs.
AID369274	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 9 catalytic domain by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-12, Volume: 52, Issue:3	Cloning, expression, post-translational modifications and inhibition studies on the latest mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoform, CA XV.
AID1188137	Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis Beta-carbonic anhydrase compound preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay method	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 22, Issue:17	Sulfonamide inhibition study of the carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis: the β-class (PgiCAb) versus the γ-class (PgiCA) enzymes.
AID1473739	Inhibition of human MRP2 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay	2013	Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1	A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID227699	Virtual screen for compounds with anticonvulsant activity	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 13, Issue:16	Topological virtual screening: a way to find new anticonvulsant drugs from chemical diversity.
AID48124	Inhibitory activity against carbonic anhydrase isolated from bovine lung microsome (bCA IV)	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-10, Volume: 13, Issue:5	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: SAR and X-ray crystallographic study for the interaction of sugar sulfamates/sulfamides with isozymes I, II and IV.
AID601816	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 14 preincubated with compound for 15 mins by carbon dioxide hydration assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-09, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Anticonvulsant 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide derivatives with branched-alkylamide moieties: X-ray crystallography and inhibition studies of human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, and XIV.
AID552128	Inhibition of human recombinant CA2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 21, Issue:2	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition studies with anions and sulfonamides of a new cytosolic enzyme from the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata.
AID1240215	Inhibition of Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis gamma carbonic anhydrase by CO2 hydration assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis.
AID224859	Anticonvulsant activity in mice by MES test at 0.5 hr following intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg dose	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: anticonvulsant sulfonamides incorporating valproyl and other lipophilic moieties.
AID1209583	Unbound drug partitioning coefficient, Kp of the compound assessed as ratio of unbound concentration in Sprague-Dawley rat brain to unbound concentration in plasma	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Mar, Volume: 39, Issue:3	Measurement of unbound drug exposure in brain: modeling of pH partitioning explains diverging results between the brain slice and brain homogenate methods.
AID239250	Inhibitory activity against beta carbonic anhydrase (Cab) from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-20, Volume: 14, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the prokariotic beta and gamma-class enzymes from Archaea with sulfonamides.
AID609370	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human recombinant cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 2 to Ki for human recombinant transmembrane carbonic anhydrase 9	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 21, Issue:15	N-β-glycosyl sulfamides are selective inhibitors of the cancer associated carbonic anhydrase isoforms IX and XII.
AID1195370	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 pre-incubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 23, Issue:10	The β-carbonic anhydrase from the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae is highly inhibited by sulfonamides.
AID588197	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human recombinant alpha-carbonic anhydrase 2 to Ki for Cryptococcus neoformans recombinant Can2 beta-carbonic anhydrase	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Natural product-based phenols as novel probes for mycobacterial and fungal carbonic anhydrases.
AID1262267	Inhibition of Chionodraco hamatus alphaCA incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 25, Issue:23	Anion and sulfonamide inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic hemoglobinless fish Chionodraco hamatus.
AID1079932	Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID50357	Inhibitory effect on human carbonic anhydrase I	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: anticonvulsant sulfonamides incorporating valproyl and other lipophilic moieties.
AID112982	Compound was tested for the effective dose (ED50) for each time point in Mice. 95% confidence limits are given in parentheses 24 Hour	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID365985	Inhibition of human cloned CA7 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of the antitumor sulfamate EMD 486019 with twelve mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms: Kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies.
AID441207	Inhibition of human cloned CA2 by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-22, Volume: 52, Issue:20	S-glycosyl primary sulfonamides--a new structural class for selective inhibition of cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases.
AID351810	Inhibition of human recombinant full length carbonic anhydrase 2 by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	Synthesis and evaluation of pharmacological profile of 1-aryl-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-sulfonamides.
AID578224	Inhibition of human recombinant CA5B mitochondrial isoform by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 21, Issue:5	(R)-/(S)-10-camphorsulfonyl-substituted aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides selectively inhibit mitochondrial over cytosolic carbonic anhydrases.
AID607834	Inhibition of human recombinant cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 2-mediated CO2 hydration activity after 15 mins	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 21, Issue:15	N-β-glycosyl sulfamides are selective inhibitors of the cancer associated carbonic anhydrase isoforms IX and XII.
AID1434427	Inhibition of recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 1 assessed as reduction in CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins followed by CO2 addition measured for 10 to 100 sec by Line-Weaver Burk plot analysis
AID644381	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 2 after 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 20, Issue:4	Cloning, characterization and sulfonamide inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the living fossil sponge Astrosclera willeyana.
AID644380	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 1 after 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 20, Issue:4	Cloning, characterization and sulfonamide inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the living fossil sponge Astrosclera willeyana.
AID349605	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 1 by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of a new beta-carbonic anhydrase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1061069	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 2 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 24, Issue:1	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the δ-carbonic anhydrase from the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii.
AID272524	Inhibition of human cloned CA5B by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 49, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: clash with Ala65 as a means for designing inhibitors with low affinity for the ubiquitous isozyme II, exemplified by the crystal structure of the topiramate sulfamide analogue.
AID1534904	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase-9 catalytic domain assessed as reduction in CO2 hydration after 15 mins by phenol red dye based stopped flow assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163	Exploring structural properties of potent human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors bearing a 4-(cycloalkylamino-1-carbonyl)benzenesulfonamide moiety.
AID669117	Inhibition of Candida albicans CaNce103 preincubated for 15 mins measured for 10 to 100 sec by stopped-flow method	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-12, Volume: 55, Issue:7	Molecular cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of a β-carbonic anhydrase from Malassezia globosa, a potential antidandruff target.
AID427125	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 1 by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition and homology modeling studies of the fungal beta-carbonic anhydrase from Candida albicans with sulfonamides.
AID471575	Anticonvulsant activity against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in CF1 mouse assessed as increase in threshold of seizure twitch at 107 mg/kg, ip administered 15 mins before pentylenetetrazole infusion	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: advancement of N-((benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into human clinical studies.
AID311027	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 5A	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 15, Issue:13	Carbonic anhydrases as targets for medicinal chemistry.
AID1079948	Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID648180	Inhibition of human wild type carbonic anhydrase 2 Gln92Val mutant expressed in Escherichia coli after 15 mins preincubation by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Mutation of active site residues Asn67 to Ile, Gln92 to Val and Leu204 to Ser in human carbonic anhydrase II: influences on the catalytic activity and affinity for inhibitors.
AID238536	Inhibitory activity against human carbonic anhydrase I (hCAI)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 15, Issue:4	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the membrane-bound human and bovine isozymes IV with sulfonamides.
AID256964	Inhibitory activity against human recombinant mitochondrial isozyme CA VA	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 48, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. The mitochondrial isozyme VB as a new target for sulfonamide and sulfamate inhibitors.
AID1058334	Neurotoxicity in po dosed CF-1 mouse by rotarod test measured at 1 hr	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 56, Issue:22	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: pharmacological properties of (S)-N-[(6-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxin-2-yl)methyl]sulfamide (JNJ-26489112).
AID275808	Inhibition of human recombinant cytosolic isozyme CA II by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase method	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-25, Volume: 50, Issue:2	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. DNA cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of the human secretory isoform VI, a new target for sulfonamide and sulfamate inhibitors.
AID1079943	Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID371557	Inhibition of full length human recombinant mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase 5A pre-incubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 18, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: 2-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-sulfamides act as powerful and selective inhibitors of the mitochondrial isozymes VA and VB over the cytosolic and membrane-associated carbonic anhydrases I, II and IV.
AID295295	Inhibition of human recombinant CA14 after 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped flow assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of isoforms I, II, IV, VA, VII, IX, and XIV with sulfonamides incorporating fructopyranose-thioureido tails.
AID300758	Selectivity for human CA9 over human CA1	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 17, Issue:18	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Selective inhibition of the extracellular, tumor-associated isoforms IX and XII over isozymes I and II with glycosyl-thioureido-sulfonamides.
AID1190066	Selectivity index, ratio of Ki for Trypanosoma cruzi carbonic anhydrase to Ki for Plasmodium falciparum Eta-carbonic anhydrase	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the η-class carbonic anhydrase from the malaria pathogen Plasmodium falciparum.
AID484159	Inhibition of full length human carbonic anhydrase 5b preincubated for 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: crystallographic and solution binding studies for the interaction of a boron-containing aromatic sulfamide with mammalian isoforms I-XV.
AID50192	Inhibition concentration by inhibition of carbonic anhydrase from kidney in Rat. 95% confidence limits are given in parentheses.	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID625282	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID588021	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 9 catalytic domain by CO2 hydration assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel carbohydrate-based sulfamates as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID48130	Compound was evaluated for inhibition against bovine carbonic anhydrase IV	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-05, Volume: 14, Issue:1	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: E7070, a sulfonamide anticancer agent, potently inhibits cytosolic isozymes I and II, and transmembrane, tumor-associated isozyme IX.
AID1534903	Inhibition of recombinant full length human carbonic anhydrase-7 assessed as reduction in CO2 hydration after 15 mins by phenol red dye based stopped flow assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163	Exploring structural properties of potent human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors bearing a 4-(cycloalkylamino-1-carbonyl)benzenesulfonamide moiety.
AID1442658	Anticonvulsant activity in Swiss albino mouse assessed as inhibition of myoclonic jerks against subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures at 30 to 100 mg/kg, ip administered 0.5 hrs to 3 hrs prior to PTZ induction	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-23, Volume: 60, Issue:6	Discovery of Benzenesulfonamides with Potent Human Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory and Effective Anticonvulsant Action: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Assessment.
AID342472	Inhibition of AQP4 in mouse erythrocytes assessed as inhibition of osmotic water permeability at 100 uM after 15 mins by stopped-flow light scattering method	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Lack of aquaporin-4 water transport inhibition by antiepileptics and arylsulfonamides.
AID484165	Inhibition of full length human carbonic anhydrase 14 preincubated for 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: crystallographic and solution binding studies for the interaction of a boron-containing aromatic sulfamide with mammalian isoforms I-XV.
AID275809	Inhibition of catalytic domain of human recombinant CA IX	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-25, Volume: 50, Issue:2	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. DNA cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of the human secretory isoform VI, a new target for sulfonamide and sulfamate inhibitors.
AID256963	Inhibitory activity against human recombinant cytosolic CA2	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 48, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. The mitochondrial isozyme VB as a new target for sulfonamide and sulfamate inhibitors.
AID113959	Anticonvulsant activity following p.o. administration by standard maximal electroshock test in mice.	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5	Anticonvulsant O-alkyl sulfamates. 2,3:4,5-Bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-D-fructopyranose sulfamate and related compounds.
AID1079934	Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID238987	Inhibitory activity against human carbonic anhydrase IX at 0.09 uM	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-20, Volume: 14, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the prokariotic beta and gamma-class enzymes from Archaea with sulfonamides.
AID299551	Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori beta CA	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of human, bacterial, and archaeal isozymes with benzene-1,3-disulfonamides--solution and crystallographic studies.
AID242531	Inhibition concentration for carbonic anhydrase I and carbonic anhydrase II in rat determined in CO2 hydration assay	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6	Comparison of sulfamate and sulfamide groups for the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase-II by using topiramate as a structural platform.
AID342466	Inhibition of AQP4 expressed in rat FRT cells assessed as osmotic water permeability at 10 uM by stopped-flow light scattering method	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Lack of aquaporin-4 water transport inhibition by antiepileptics and arylsulfonamides.
AID1287520	Inhibition of recombinant Enterobacter sp. B13 beta carbonic anhydrase incubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 26, Issue:7	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the β-carbonic anhydrase from the newly discovered bacterium Enterobacter sp. B13.
AID365988	Inhibition of mouse CA13 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of the antitumor sulfamate EMD 486019 with twelve mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms: Kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies.
AID588194	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human recombinant alpha-carbonic anhydrase 2 to Ki for Mycobacterium tuberculosis recombinant Rv3273 beta-carbonic anhydrase	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Natural product-based phenols as novel probes for mycobacterial and fungal carbonic anhydrases.
AID396643	Anticonvulsant activity in OF1 mouse assessed as protection against maximal electroshock-induced seizures at 50 mg/kg, ip after 2 hrs	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 43, Issue:12	Indanesulfonamides as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and anticonvulsant agents: structure-activity relationship and pharmacological evaluation.
AID471571	Anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock-induced seizure in po dosed rat	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: advancement of N-((benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into human clinical studies.
AID311023	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 1	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 15, Issue:13	Carbonic anhydrases as targets for medicinal chemistry.
AID238255	Ki value against human carbonic anhydrase II	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 15, Issue:4	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the human cytosolic isozyme VII with aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides.
AID295293	Inhibition of human recombinant CA7 after 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped flow assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of isoforms I, II, IV, VA, VII, IX, and XIV with sulfonamides incorporating fructopyranose-thioureido tails.
AID441211	Selectivity for human cloned CA9 over human cloned CA2	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-22, Volume: 52, Issue:20	S-glycosyl primary sulfonamides--a new structural class for selective inhibition of cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases.
AID1058310	Inhibition of rat Nav1.2 expressed in CHL1610 cells at -67 to -107 mV after 2 to 3 mins by whole-cell patch-clamp assay	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 56, Issue:22	Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: pharmacological properties of (S)-N-[(6-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxin-2-yl)methyl]sulfamide (JNJ-26489112).
AID300804	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 2 by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 17, Issue:18	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of cytosolic isoforms I and II, and extracellular isoforms IV, IX, and XII with sulfamides incorporating sugar moieties.
AID295298	Selectivity ratio of human CA4 over human CA2	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of isoforms I, II, IV, VA, VII, IX, and XIV with sulfonamides incorporating fructopyranose-thioureido tails.
AID263637	Inhibition of human recombinant CA2	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 16, Issue:8	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: cloning and sulfonamide inhibition studies of a carboxyterminal truncated alpha-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori.
AID669320	Inhibition of human recombinant full length CA1-mediated CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow assay	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8	Synthesis, structure-activity relationship studies, and X-ray crystallographic analysis of arylsulfonamides as potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID300755	Inhibition of human recombinant CA2 by CO2 hydration stopped flow assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 17, Issue:18	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Selective inhibition of the extracellular, tumor-associated isoforms IX and XII over isozymes I and II with glycosyl-thioureido-sulfonamides.
AID474211	Permeability by PAMPA	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-08, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Sulfonamide linked neoglycoconjugates--a new class of inhibitors for cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases.
AID1434430	Inhibition of Vibrio cholerae Gamma-carbonic anhydrase assessed as reduction in CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins followed by CO2 addition measured for 10 to 100 sec by Line-Weaver Burk plot analysis
AID1067226	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human transmembrane carbonic anhydrase 2 to Ki for human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase 9	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 22, Issue:5	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of the human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, IX and XII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4- and 3-nitrophthalimide moieties.
AID578222	Inhibition of human recombinant CA2 cytosolic isoform by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 21, Issue:5	(R)-/(S)-10-camphorsulfonyl-substituted aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides selectively inhibit mitochondrial over cytosolic carbonic anhydrases.
AID178725	Compound was tested for the effective dose (ED50) for each time point in Rats. 95% confidence limits are given in parentheses 2 Hour	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID1534902	Inhibition of recombinant full length human carbonic anhydrase-2 assessed as reduction in CO2 hydration after 15 mins by phenol red dye based stopped flow assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163	Exploring structural properties of potent human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors bearing a 4-(cycloalkylamino-1-carbonyl)benzenesulfonamide moiety.
AID1287519	Inhibition of Vibrio cholerae beta carbonic anhydrase incubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 26, Issue:7	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the β-carbonic anhydrase from the newly discovered bacterium Enterobacter sp. B13.
AID484166	Inhibition of full length mouse carbonic anhydrase 15 preincubated for 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: crystallographic and solution binding studies for the interaction of a boron-containing aromatic sulfamide with mammalian isoforms I-XV.
AID239126	Inhibitory constant against catalytic domain of human carbonic anhydrase XII	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 15, Issue:17	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XIV with sulfonamides.
AID474207	Inhibition of human recombinant CA1 by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-08, Volume: 53, Issue:7	Sulfonamide linked neoglycoconjugates--a new class of inhibitors for cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases.
AID669486	Inhibition of human recombinant CA9 catalytic domain-mediated CO2 hydration preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow assay	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8	Synthesis, structure-activity relationship studies, and X-ray crystallographic analysis of arylsulfonamides as potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID464122	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human CA2 to Ki for human CA9	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Identification of 3,4-Dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-sulfonamides as potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation, and enzyme--ligand X-ray studies.
AID178722	Compound was tested for the effective dose (ED50) for each time point in Rats. 95% confidence limits are given in parentheses 1 Hour	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID1894947	Neurotoxicity in po dosed Kunming mouse assessed as motor impairment after 1 hr by rotarod test	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-13, Volume: 64, Issue:9	Discovery of HN37 as a Potent and Chemically Stable Antiepileptic Drug Candidate.
AID588192	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human recombinant alpha-carbonic anhydrase 1 to Ki for Candida albicans recombinant Nce103 beta-carbonic anhydrase	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Natural product-based phenols as novel probes for mycobacterial and fungal carbonic anhydrases.
AID1240217	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase-2 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay method	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 25, Issue:17	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis.
AID266012	Binding affinity to human CA2 by ThermoFluor assay	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 49, Issue:12	Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase-II by sulfamate and sulfamide groups: an investigation involving direct thermodynamic binding measurements.
AID1268964	Inhibition of recombinant Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1 carbonic anhydrase by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 26, Issue:2	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the gammaproteobacterium Thiomicrospira crunogena XCL-2, TcruCA.
AID239102	Inhibitory constant against catalytic domain of human carbonic anhydrase IX	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 15, Issue:17	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XIV with sulfonamides.
AID239146	Inhibitory activity against alpha carbonic anhydrase (Zn-Cam) from Methanosarcina thermophila	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-20, Volume: 14, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the prokariotic beta and gamma-class enzymes from Archaea with sulfonamides.
AID484155	Inhibition of full length human carbonic anhydrase 2 preincubated for 15 mins by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: crystallographic and solution binding studies for the interaction of a boron-containing aromatic sulfamide with mammalian isoforms I-XV.
AID366657	Inhibition of human cloned CA1 by CO2 hydration assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16	Inhibition of human mitochondrial carbonic anhydrases VA and VB with para-(4-phenyltriazole-1-yl)-benzenesulfonamide derivatives.
AID311025	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 3	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 15, Issue:13	Carbonic anhydrases as targets for medicinal chemistry.
AID1079931	Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID351813	Anticonvulsant activity in ip dosed DBA/2 mouse assessed as inhibition of auditory stimulation-induced clonic seizures administered 30 mins before auditory stimulation	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	Synthesis and evaluation of pharmacological profile of 1-aryl-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-sulfonamides.
AID607835	Inhibition of human recombinant transmembrane carbonic anhydrase 9-mediated CO2 hydration activity after 15 mins	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 21, Issue:15	N-β-glycosyl sulfamides are selective inhibitors of the cancer associated carbonic anhydrase isoforms IX and XII.
AID238256	Ki value against human carbonic anhydrase VII	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 15, Issue:4	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the human cytosolic isozyme VII with aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides.
AID311031	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 9	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 15, Issue:13	Carbonic anhydrases as targets for medicinal chemistry.
AID588210	Human drug-induced liver injury (DILI) modelling dataset from Ekins et al	2010	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 38, Issue:12	A predictive ligand-based Bayesian model for human drug-induced liver injury.
AID295948	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 15, Issue:12	Molecular modeling study for the binding of zonisamide and topiramate to the human mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase isoform VA.
AID371556	Inhibition of truncated human cloned membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase 4 preincubated for 15 mins by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 18, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: 2-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-sulfamides act as powerful and selective inhibitors of the mitochondrial isozymes VA and VB over the cytosolic and membrane-associated carbonic anhydrases I, II and IV.
AID601815	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 7 preincubated with compound for 15 mins by carbon dioxide hydration assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-09, Volume: 54, Issue:11	Anticonvulsant 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide derivatives with branched-alkylamide moieties: X-ray crystallography and inhibition studies of human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, and XIV.
AID254248	Inhibition of catalytic domain of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase IX	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-08, Volume: 48, Issue:18	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: stacking with Phe131 determines active site binding region of inhibitors as exemplified by the X-ray crystal structure of a membrane-impermeant antitumor sulfonamide complexed with isozyme II.
AID15964	Partition coefficient (logP)	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID1278410	Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis gamma carbonic anhydrase preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 26, Issue:4	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic bacterium Colwellia psychrerythraea.
AID414955	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 1 by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-23, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Molecular cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of the Rv1284 beta-carbonic anhydrase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis with sulfonamides and a sulfamate.
AID1190063	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 1 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the η-class carbonic anhydrase from the malaria pathogen Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1474167	Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring verified drug-induced liver injury concern status	2016	Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4	DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID238986	Inhibitory activity against human carbonic anhydrase II at 0.01 uM	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-20, Volume: 14, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the prokariotic beta and gamma-class enzymes from Archaea with sulfonamides.
AID351811	Inhibition of human recombinant full length carbonic anhydrase 1 by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	Synthesis and evaluation of pharmacological profile of 1-aryl-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-sulfonamides.
AID464119	Inhibition of human recombinant CA2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 53, Issue:6	Identification of 3,4-Dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-sulfonamides as potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation, and enzyme--ligand X-ray studies.
AID311032	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 12	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 15, Issue:13	Carbonic anhydrases as targets for medicinal chemistry.
AID1473740	Inhibition of human MRP3 overexpressed in Sf9 insect cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 10 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay	2013	Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1	A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID588187	Inhibition of human recombinant alpha-carbonic anhydrase 2 after 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Natural product-based phenols as novel probes for mycobacterial and fungal carbonic anhydrases.
AID1188138	Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis Gamma-carbonic anhydrase compound preincubated for 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay method	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 22, Issue:17	Sulfonamide inhibition study of the carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis: the β-class (PgiCAb) versus the γ-class (PgiCA) enzymes.
AID48112	Inhibitory activity of compound against bovine carbonic anhydrase IV	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-19, Volume: 14, Issue:2	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: X-ray crystallographic structure of the adduct of human isozyme II with the antipsychotic drug sulpiride.
AID112981	Compound was tested for the effective dose (ED50) for each time point in Mice. 95% confidence limits are given in parentheses 2 Hour	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID1534909	Anticonvulsant activity in mouse assessed as reduction in PTZ-induced seizures	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163	Exploring structural properties of potent human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors bearing a 4-(cycloalkylamino-1-carbonyl)benzenesulfonamide moiety.
AID441712	Inhibition of human recombinant CA7 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 53, Issue:2	The coumarin-binding site in carbonic anhydrase accommodates structurally diverse inhibitors: the antiepileptic lacosamide as an example and lead molecule for novel classes of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID1755143	Inhibition of recombinant human CA2 incubated for 15 mins by phenol red dye based stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 44	Design, synthesis and biochemical evaluation of novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitors triggered by structural knowledge on hCA VII.
AID1229819	Inhibition of [3H]nitrendipine binding to L-type calcium channel in rat cerebral cortex synaptosomes at 100 uM incubated for 120 mins by scintillation counting based radioligand displacement assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 58, Issue:13	Design, synthesis, and anticonvulsant activity of new hybrid compounds derived from 2-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)propanamides and 2-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)butanamides.
AID1142838	Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori carbonic anhydrase by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 22, Issue:11	Sulfonamide inhibition studies of two β-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila.
AID311524	Oral bioavailability in human	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 15, Issue:24	Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability.
AID456399	Inhibition of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 5A by stopped flow CO2 hydration method	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 18, Issue:1	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Identification of selective inhibitors of the human mitochondrial isozymes VA and VB over the cytosolic isozymes I and II from a natural product-based phenolic library.
AID1269483	Displacement of [3H]nitrendipine from calcium channel L-Type dihydropyridine site in rat cerebral cortex at 100 uM after 120 mins by scintillation counting method	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 24, Issue:4	New hybrid molecules with anticonvulsant and antinociceptive activity derived from 3-methyl- or 3,3-dimethyl-1-[1-oxo-1-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)propan-2-yl]pyrrolidine-2,5-diones.
AID300806	Inhibition of cloned catalytic domani of human carbonic anhydrase 9 by CO2 hydration stopped-flow assay	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 17, Issue:18	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of cytosolic isoforms I and II, and extracellular isoforms IV, IX, and XII with sulfamides incorporating sugar moieties.
AID604023	Ratio of total drug level in brain to plasma in Sprague-Dawley rat administered in casettes of 2/3 drugs at 4 hr constant rate intravenous infusions using flow rate of 1 (ml/kg)/hr corresponding to dosage rate of 2 (umol/kg)/hr by LC-MS/MS method	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-22, Volume: 52, Issue:20	Structure-brain exposure relationships in rat and human using a novel data set of unbound drug concentrations in brain interstitial and cerebrospinal fluids.
AID588186	Inhibition of human recombinant alpha-carbonic anhydrase 1 after 15 mins by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 54, Issue:6	Natural product-based phenols as novel probes for mycobacterial and fungal carbonic anhydrases.
AID123885	Percentage block of the hind-limb tonic-extensor seizure was determined after application of an electric shock to mice for 60 min followed by 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5	Anticonvulsant O-alkyl sulfamates. 2,3:4,5-Bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-D-fructopyranose sulfamate and related compounds.
AID441716	Inhibition of human recombinant CA14 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-28, Volume: 53, Issue:2	The coumarin-binding site in carbonic anhydrase accommodates structurally diverse inhibitors: the antiepileptic lacosamide as an example and lead molecule for novel classes of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
AID272523	Inhibition of human cloned CA5A by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 49, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: clash with Ala65 as a means for designing inhibitors with low affinity for the ubiquitous isozyme II, exemplified by the crystal structure of the topiramate sulfamide analogue.
AID139912	Activity against maximal electroshock seizures in mice, 4 hr following oral administration of 60 mg/kg of compound	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 41, Issue:8	Structure-activity studies on anticonvulsant sugar sulfamates related to topiramate. Enhanced potency with cyclic sulfate derivatives.
AID243011	Selectivity ratio against human carbonic anhydrases II and XII	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 15, Issue:4	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XII with sulfonamides-a new target for the design of antitumor and antiglaucoma drugs?
AID1799266	CA Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.05.002: \\Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition and homology modeling studies of the fungal beta-carbonic anhydrase from Candida albicans with sulfonamides.\\	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 17, Issue:13	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition and homology modeling studies of the fungal beta-carbonic anhydrase from Candida albicans with sulfonamides.
AID1798596	CA Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.06.105: \\Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of the antitumor sulfamate EMD 486019 with twelve mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms: Kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies.\\	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of the antitumor sulfamate EMD 486019 with twelve mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms: Kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies.
AID1796980	CA Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1021/jm060807n: \\Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: clash with Ala65 as a means for designing inhibitors with low affinity for the ubiquitous isozyme II, exemplified by the crystal structure of the topiramate sulfamide anal	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 49, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: clash with Ala65 as a means for designing inhibitors with low affinity for the ubiquitous isozyme II, exemplified by the crystal structure of the topiramate sulfamide analogue.
AID1796582	CA Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1021/jm050483n: \\Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. The mitochondrial isozyme VB as a new target for sulfonamide and sulfamate inhibitors.\\	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 48, Issue:24	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. The mitochondrial isozyme VB as a new target for sulfonamide and sulfamate inhibitors.
AID1798982	CA Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1021/jm9003126: \\Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of a new beta-carbonic anhydrase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.\\	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of a new beta-carbonic anhydrase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1796552	CA Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1021/jm0512600: \\Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: DNA cloning and inhibition studies of the alpha-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori, a new target for developing sulfonamide and sulfamate gastric drugs.\\	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 49, Issue:6	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: DNA cloning and inhibition studies of the alpha-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori, a new target for developing sulfonamide and sulfamate gastric drugs.
AID1798769	CA Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1021/jm801267c: \\Cloning, expression, post-translational modifications and inhibition studies on the latest mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoform, CA XV.\\	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-12, Volume: 52, Issue:3	Cloning, expression, post-translational modifications and inhibition studies on the latest mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoform, CA XV.
AID1797528	Esterase Assay from Article 10.1021/jm031057+: \\Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of mitochondrial isozyme V with aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides.\\	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 47, Issue:5	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of mitochondrial isozyme V with aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides.
AID1798985	CA Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1021/jm9000488: \\Molecular cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of the Rv1284 beta-carbonic anhydrase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis with sulfonamides and a sulfamate.\\	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-23, Volume: 52, Issue:8	Molecular cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of the Rv1284 beta-carbonic anhydrase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis with sulfonamides and a sulfamate.
AID1796771	CA Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1021/jm050333c: \\Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: stacking with Phe131 determines active site binding region of inhibitors as exemplified by the X-ray crystal structure of a membrane-impermeant antitumor sulfonamide compl	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-08, Volume: 48, Issue:18	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: stacking with Phe131 determines active site binding region of inhibitors as exemplified by the X-ray crystal structure of a membrane-impermeant antitumor sulfonamide complexed with isozyme II.
AID504812	Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID504810	Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588519	A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities	2011	Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3	High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID540299	A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1745855	NCATS anti-infectives library activity on the primary C. elegans qHTS viability assay	2023	Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3	In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
AID1745854	NCATS anti-infectives library activity on HEK293 viability as a counter-qHTS vs the C. elegans viability qHTS	2023	Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3	In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
AID977610	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	2010	Organic & biomolecular chemistry, Aug-07, Volume: 8, Issue:15	The first example of a significant active site conformational rearrangement in a carbonic anhydrase-inhibitor adduct: the carbonic anhydrase I-topiramate complex.
AID1346202	Human carbonic anhydrase 7 (4.2.1.1 Carbonate dehydratases)	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 21, Issue:19	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of the human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, IX and XII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4,5,6,7-tetrabromophthalimide moiety.
AID1346210	Human carbonic anhydrase 12 (4.2.1.1 Carbonate dehydratases)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 15, Issue:4	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XII with sulfonamides-a new target for the design of antitumor and antiglaucoma drugs?
AID1346003	Human carbonic anhydrase 4 (4.2.1.1 Carbonate dehydratases)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 15, Issue:17	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XIV with sulfonamides.
AID1345928	Human carbonic anhydrase 1 (4.2.1.1 Carbonate dehydratases)	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 15, Issue:4	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XII with sulfonamides-a new target for the design of antitumor and antiglaucoma drugs?
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID1159550	Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening	2015	Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11	6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	2 (0.07)	18.7374
1990's	149 (5.07)	18.2507
2000's	1315 (44.73)	29.6817
2010's	1148 (39.05)	24.3611
2020's	326 (11.09)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	557 (17.42%)	5.53%
Reviews	586 (18.33%)	6.00%
Case Studies	640 (20.02%)	4.05%
Observational	21 (0.66%)	0.25%
Other	1,393 (43.57%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (267)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Head-to-head Study of Erenumab Against topiRamate-a Double-blind, Double Dummy Migraine Study to Assess Tolerability and Efficacy in a patiEnt -Centered Setting [NCT03828539]	Phase 4	777 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-02-22	Completed
A Conversion Study to Determine the Relative Bioavailability of TPM MR vs TPM IR in Subjects With Epilepsy [NCT01114854]	Phase 1	69 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-06-30	Completed
High and Low Dose Topiramate for the Treatment of Alcohol-Dependent Smokers [NCT01182766]	Phase 2/Phase 3	294 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-09-30	Active, not recruiting
Topiramate for Hospitalized Patients With Alcoholism: a 12-Week Open-Label Study [NCT01135602]	Phase 4	150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-07-31	Recruiting
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Parallel-group, Active Drug and Placebo-controlled, Safety, Efficacy and Superiority of Sibutramine IR/Topiramate XR in Overweight Adults With Comorbidities/Obesity [NCT05209984]	Phase 3	1,855 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-06-30	Not yet recruiting
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of VI-0521 in Obese Adolescents [NCT02714062]	Phase 4	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Completed
Cognitive Effects of Immediate Release Topiramate vs Extended Release Topiramate in Patients With Migraine [NCT03280342]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to Sponsor terminated study)
Efficacy and Tolerability of Low vs. Standard Daily Doses of Antiepileptic Drugs in Newly Diagnosed, Previously Untreated Epilepsy (STANDLOW). A Multicenter, Randomized, Single-blind, Parallel-group Trial [NCT03689114]	Phase 4	374 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-01-07	Not yet recruiting
Comparison of Therapeutic Effects of Greater Occipital Nerve Block, Topiramate, and Flunarizine on Episodic Migraine: A Randomised Parallel Group Study [NCT03712917]		120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-01	Completed
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Topiramate for Weight Loss in Youth: PHARMATOP [NCT04986631]	Early Phase 1	65 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-04-04	Recruiting
Topiramate, Amitriptyline Monotherapy and Combination Therapy in Migraine Prophylaxis: An Open Label Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT05759845]	Phase 4	150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-08-22	Enrolling by invitation
Anti-Obesity Phentermine-Topiramate Extended Release Pharmacotherapy vs Placebo Among Patients Using a Wearable Activity Tracker. [NCT04408586]	Phase 4	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-06-03	Completed
The Therapeutic Effects of Topiramate and Metformin on Second Generation Antipsychotics-induced Obesity [NCT01384279]		25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Completed
"Efficacy and Safety of Danzhen in the Preventive Treatment of Migraine:A Prospective Real-World Study." [NCT02645370]	Phase 1	3,300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-02-29	Not yet recruiting
Topiramate Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder in African Americans [NCT03018704]	Phase 4	79 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-01	Terminated(stopped due to In ability to recruit)
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Study to Compare the Effects of VI-0521,Phentermine, and Placebo on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Overweight or Obese Subjects [NCT05215418]	Phase 4	567 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-01-25	Completed
SMART Use of Medication for the Treatment of Adolescent Severe Obesity [NCT04007393]	Phase 2	150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-11-21	Active, not recruiting
A Prospective Randomized Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Pharmacotherapy to Enhance Weight Loss Following Sleeve Gastrectomy [NCT03603080]	Phase 4	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-01	Terminated(stopped due to Difficulty with enrollment and then Covid pandemic)
Adequate Therapy of Topiramate in Migraine [NCT01060111]	Phase 4	250 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-07-31	Completed
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Commonly Used Drugs in Lactating Women and Breastfed Infants [NCT03511118]		1,600 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2018-10-04	Recruiting
A Comparative Study of the Steady State Pharmacokinetics of Lithium Before and During Multiple Oral Daily Topiramate (RWJ-17021) Dosing in Patients With Bipolar Disorders [NCT00986128]	Phase 1	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-03-31	Completed
Randomized, 2-Way Crossover, Bioequivalence Study of Topiramate 25 mg Tablets and Topamax® 25 mg Tablets Administered as 2 x 25 mg Tablets in Healthy Subjects Under Fasting Conditions [NCT00905606]	Phase 1	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-06-30	Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Pharmacogenetic Study of Topiramate in European-American Heavy Drinkers [NCT02371889]	Phase 2	320 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-12-18	Completed
Topiramate and Severe Obesity in Children and Adolescents [NCT02273804]	Phase 3	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-01	Completed
Double Blind Controlled Trial of Topiramate for Compulsive Buying [NCT02138058]	Phase 2	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Completed
Role of Pharmacotherapy in Counteracting Weight Regain in Adolescents With Severe Obesity [NCT04298203]	Phase 2	143 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-08-04	Recruiting
Randomized, 2-Way Crossover, Bioequivalence Study of Topiramate 25 mg Capsules and Topamax® 25 mg Capsules Administered as the Content of 2 x 25 mg Capsules Mixed With Applesauce in Healthy Subjects Under Fasting Conditions [NCT00905346]	Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-06-30	Completed
Efficacy of Topiramate in Patients Wih Migraine-Associated Dizziness [NCT00732108]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-11-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to No subjects enrolled)
Randomized, 2-Way Crossover, Bioequivalence Study of Topiramate 25 mg Capsules and Topamax® 25 mg Sprinkle Capsules Administered as 2 x 25 mg Capsules in Healthy Subjects Under Fasting Conditions [NCT00905164]	Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-06-30	Completed
Efficacy of Topiramate for Hospitalized Patients With Alcoholism: a 12-Week Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial [NCT01145677]	Phase 2/Phase 3	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-06-30	Completed
Defining the Clinical Role of Topiramate in the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence in Australia [NCT03479086]	Phase 3	180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-06-20	Recruiting
The Role of Migraine Prophylaxis Agent Topiramate in Treating Patients With Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss [NCT05403229]	Phase 2	140 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-10-17	Recruiting
The Effect of Topiramate on Etonogestrel Concentrations in Contraceptive Implant Users [NCT03335163]	Phase 1	48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-15	Completed
Treatment of Obesity With Topiramate in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Double-blind Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial [NCT04453306]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Recruiting
Mechanism-based Choice of Therapy for Pain: Can Successful Prevention of Migraine be Coupled to a Psychophysical Pain Modulation Profile? [NCT01161017]		67 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-07-31	Completed
Phentermine/Topiramate in Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity [NCT04881799]	Early Phase 1	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-07	Recruiting
Randomized, Placebo Controlled Double-blind Study of the Efficacy of Topiramate on the Symptoms of Irritability - Impulsivity, Overeating and Self-harm in a Population of Patients Suffering From Prader Willi Syndrome Over 8 Weeks [NCT02810483]	Phase 3	69 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-12-31	Terminated
Topiramate Alone and in Combination With the Nicotine Patch for Smoking Cessation: A Pilot Study [NCT00755716]	Phase 3	57 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-04-30	Completed
Phase I Pharmacokinetic and Safety Study of Intravenous Topiramate in Adult Patients [NCT00753493]	Phase 1	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-08-31	Completed
Randomized Clinical Trial to Study the Topiramate Efficacy for Posttraumatic Disorder Treatment [NCT00725920]	Phase 4	35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-01-31	Completed
Study to Evaluate the Bioequivalence of a Test Tablet Formulation of Topiramate (2 x 25 mg), Compared to an Equivalent Dose of a Commercially Available Reference Drug Product (Topamax®, Ortho-McNeil Neurologics, Inc.)in Fasted, Healthy, Adult Subjects [NCT00939692]	Phase 1	26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-01-31	Completed
An Open-Label, Randomized, 2-Way Crossover Study of the Bioavailability of an Oral Liquid Formulation Relative to the Marketed Sprinkle Capsule Formulation of Topiramate RWJ-17021-000 in Healthy Subjects [NCT00701493]	Phase 1	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-11-30	Completed
A Randomized, Single-Blind Pilot Study to Compare the Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness of Frovatriptan vs. Topiramate for the Prevention of Migraine [NCT00846495]	Phase 4	55 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-08-31	Completed
A Randomised Controlled Trial of the Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Epilepsy in Children Under the Age of Two Years [NCT02205931]	Phase 4	160 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Recruiting
Prospective Analgesic Compound Efficacy (PACE) Study [NCT02403687]		300 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2015-06-30	Completed
Effect of Anti-epileptic Drugs on Etonogestrel-releasing Implant Pharmacokinetics in Women With Epilepsy [NCT03307863]	Phase 4	69 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-11-01	Recruiting
SUPER-refractory Status Epilepticus After Cardiac Arrest: a Multicenter, Retrospective, Cohort Study of Dual Anti-glutamate Therapy With Ketamine and Perampanel [NCT05756621]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2022-01-15	Recruiting
Topiramate as a Disease Modifying Therapy for Cryptogenic Sensory Peripheral Neuropathy in Metabolic Syndrome (CSPN) [NCT02878798]	Phase 2	132 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-02-12	Completed
Topiramate-Phentermine Combinations for Cocaine Dependence [NCT02239913]	Phase 1	38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Completed
Characterization of Epilepsy Patients At-risk for Adverse Outcomes Related to Switching Antiepileptic Drug Products: BEEP 2b Study [NCT02707965]	Phase 1	21 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-06-08	Completed
Zolmitriptane as Prophylactic Therapy Childhood Migraine [NCT06089356]	Phase 4	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-01-01	Recruiting
A Phase II, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled, Pilot Trial of Topiramate for Alcohol and Comorbid Cocaine Dependence [NCT00167245]	Phase 2	170 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-09-30	Completed
Comparative, Randomized, Single Dose, 2-Way Crossover Relative Bioavailability Study of Ranbaxy and Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical (Topamax®) 25 mg Topiramate Tablets Following a 50 mg Dose in Healthy Adult Males Under Fasting Conditions [NCT00901784]		28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-09-30	Completed
Topiramate as an Adjuvant to Therapeutic Hypothermia for Infants With Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy [NCT01765218]	Phase 1/Phase 2	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Terminated(stopped due to The study was stopped early due to changes in the UC Davis guidelines on who qualified for therapeutic hypothermia and significant difficulty in recruitment of patients following the COVID19 pandemic.)
Topiramate Treatment for Patients With Epilepsy and Learning Disability : A Prospective Observational Study [NCT00956696]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2009-05-31	Recruiting
A Comparative Study of the Steady-state Pharmacokinetics of Risperidone and Topiramate on Monotherapy and During Combination Therapy in Patients With Bipolar or Schizoaffective Disorder [NCT00986336]	Phase 1	56 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-02-28	Completed
A Phase I, Open Label, Single-Dose Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics of VI-0521 in Subjects With Hepatic Impairment and In Healthy Control Subjects [NCT00768209]	Phase 1	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-10-31	Completed
Open-Label Study of Topiramate for Binge Eating Disorder and Bulimia Nervosa Among Adolescents [NCT00768677]		0 participants	Interventional	2003-07-31	Completed
Comparative, Randomized, Single Dose, 2-Way Crossover Relative Bioavailability Study of Ranbaxy and Ortho-Mcneil Pharmaceutical (Topamax®) 25 mg Topiramate Tablets Following a 50 mg Dose in Healthy Adult Males Under Fed Conditions [NCT00902473]		18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-09-30	Completed
Single-Dose Fasting Bioequivalence Study of Topiramate Sprinkle Capsules (25 mg; Mylan) and Topamax® Sprinkle Capsules (25 mg; Ortho-McNeil Neurologics) in Healthy Volunteers Dosed With Applesauce [NCT00649467]	Phase 1	35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-11-30	Completed
Single-Dose Fasting Bioequivalence Study of Topiramate Sprinkle Capsules (25 mg; Mylan) and Topamax® Sprinkle Capsules (25 mg; Ortho-McNeil Neurologics) in Healthy Volunteers [NCT00649740]	Phase 1	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-11-30	Completed
Flunarizine Versus Topiramate for Chronic Migraine Prophylaxis [NCT02639598]	Phase 4	62 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-06-30	Completed
Topiramate in Treatment Refractory Psychotic Illness: Effects on Weight Gain and Psychopathology [NCT02808533]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Recruiting
A Phase IV, Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Design Study to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of VI-0521 in Obese Adolescents [NCT03922945]	Phase 4	223 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-05-02	Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Pilot Study of Topiramate vs. Placebo in Combination With Olanzapine for the Prevention of Weight Gain in Manic or Mixed Youth With Bipolar Disorder [NCT00394095]	Phase 4	31 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-12-31	Completed
Topiramate Augmentation in Bulimia Nervosa Partial Responders [NCT00988481]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to Difficulty with enrollment.)
Evaluation of Almotriptan and Topiramate in the Detoxification and Treatment of Subjects With Medication Overuse Headache [NCT00432549]	Phase 4	60 participants	Interventional	2007-01-31	Recruiting
Evaluation of a Behavioral Program for Migraineurs in the Emergency Department. [NCT02643719]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-12-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Study team missed continuing review and study lapsed with out recruiting any subjects.)
Study on the Optimal Strategy of Chinese Patients With Bulimia Nervosa After Fluoxetine Treatment [NCT04154813]		550 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-02-01	Recruiting
Modified Atkins Diet Versus Topiramate In Children With Epileptic Spasms Refractory To Hormonal Treatment: A Randomized Open-Label Study [NCT05958160]	Phase 2/Phase 3	70 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-07-20	Recruiting
Pharmacotherapy in Conjunction With Lifestyle Counseling for Management of Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery [NCT05975580]	Phase 4	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-08-29	Recruiting
Physiologic Effects of Topiramate on Cognition [NCT02884050]	Phase 1	11 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-04-30	Completed
NINDS Clinical Research Collaboration Chronic Migraine Treatment Trial [NCT00772031]	Phase 3	191 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-10-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double Blind Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Long-term Safety and Efficacy of VI-0521 Relative to Placebo in Providing and Maintaining Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Adults [NCT00600067]	Phase 2	130 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-01-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Flexible-dose Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Topiramate in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Binge-eating Disorder Associated With Obesity [NCT00210808]	Phase 2/Phase 3	407 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-09-30	Completed
Topiramate Treatment of Problem Drinkers [NCT00626925]	Phase 4	200 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-02-29	Completed
Open-Label Extension Study to Evaluate the Safety of USL255 as Adjunctive Therapy in Patients With Refractory Partial-Onset Seizures Who Had Participated in P09-004, a Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Phase 3 Stud [NCT01191086]	Phase 3	210 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-10-31	Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Oral Topiramate in Neonates With Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Treated With Hypothermia: a Pilot Study of the Neonatal Neuroprotection of Asphyxiated Tuscan Infants (NeoNATI) Network [NCT01241019]	Phase 2	64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-02-28	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate in the Treatment of Sleep-Related Eating Disorder [NCT00606411]	Early Phase 1	29 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-01-31	Completed
A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Design Study Comparing Multiple Doses of VI-0521 to Placebo and Their Single-Agent Phentermine and Topiramate Constituents for the Treatment of Obesity in Adults [NCT00563368]	Phase 3	756 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-12-31	Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Medical Therapies for Chronic Post-Traumatic Headaches [NCT00862095]	Phase 4	64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-06-30	Terminated(stopped due to inadequate enrollment, insufficient funds to continue enrollment)
A Drug Interaction Study of the Pharmacokinetics of Flunarizine and Topiramate (RWJ-17021-000) During Mono- and Concomitant Therapy [NCT00752466]	Phase 1	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-03-31	Completed
Pilot Study of Topiramate Prophylaxis in Infants Undergoing Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease [NCT01426542]	Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-03-31	Completed
Combining Medications for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence: An Inpatient Preliminary Study [NCT00769158]	Phase 1	4 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-10-31	Completed
Topiramate Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders in Veterans With Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Pilot Controlled Trial of Augmentation Therapy [NCT01087736]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-04-30	Completed
[NCT00329407]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-09-30	Completed
Clinical Trial of Topiramate for Cocaine Addiction [NCT00685178]	Phase 2	250 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-02-28	Completed
Cognitive Side Effects of Commonly Prescribed Medications in Pediatric Migraine [NCT00777218]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-08-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Enrollment criteria was too challenging and Investigators changed Institutions)
A Phase III Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Study to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of VI-0521 in the Treatment of Obesity in an Adult Population With BMI ≥ 35 [NCT00554216]	Phase 3	1,267 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-11-30	Completed
A Multicenter Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate in Weight Loss Maintenance in Obese Subjects Following Participation in an Intensive, Non-pharmacologic Weight Loss Program [NCT02040311]	Phase 4	701 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-08-31	Terminated(stopped due to Study was terminated early as sponsor wanted to develop an improved formulation.)
Qsymia (Phentermine-topiramate) to Reduce Binge Eating/Purging in Patients With Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder [NCT02553824]	Phase 1	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-30	Completed
Improving Health Outcomes of Migraine Patients Who Present to the Emergency Department [NCT02945839]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-12-28	Withdrawn(stopped due to Significant changes have been made to the protocol.)
[NCT00154076]	Phase 4	140 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2005-09-30	Completed
A Study of Topiramate Augmentation in Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SRI) -Refractory Obsessive Compulsive Disorder [NCT00182520]	Phase 4	23 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-01-31	Completed
Combination of Topiramate(Conviban) and Empagliflozin(Jardiance) is Considered a Good Option for the Treatment of Obesity [NCT04043702]		200 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2019-01-04	Completed
A Cross-sectional, Comparative, Multi-center Study to Investigate the Effect of Topiramate Monotherapy on Markers of Bone Mineral Metabolism and Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Women With Epilepsy [NCT01030094]		140 participants (Actual)	Observational	2007-02-28	Completed
A 9 Month, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study With a Blinded Crossover Transition to Open-Label Extension, Evaluating the Safety and Effectiveness of Topiramate on Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight or Obese Type 2 Diabetes Patients [NCT00236626]	Phase 2	38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-04-30	Completed
Lab Trials to Develop Medication for Cocaine Dependence [NCT00223626]	Phase 2	25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-01-31	Completed
Medication Development for Cocaine Dependence [NCT00249691]	Phase 3	180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2005-10-31	Active, not recruiting
A Single Center, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Dose Escalation Clinical Trial to Evaluate Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Characteristics and Safety of QDX After Single Oral Administration in Healthy Korean Male Subjects [NCT04401137]	Phase 1	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-07-01	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder [NCT00204386]	Phase 2/Phase 3	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-09-30	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group, One-year Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate in the Treatment of Obese Subjects With Dyslipidemia [NCT00231621]	Phase 3	179 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to The study was terminated prior to completion to focus on the development of a controlled release formulation.)
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate in the Treatment of Obese, Type 2 Diabetic Patients Treated With Metformin [NCT00231660]	Phase 3	211 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-10-31	Completed
A Placebo-Controlled Dose-Finding Study of JNS019 (Topiramate) in Migraine Patients [NCT01081795]	Phase 2	387 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-04-30	Completed
A Double-blind Trial Comparing the Efficacy, Tolerability and Safety of Monotherapy Topiramate Versus Phenytoin in Subjects With Seizures Indicative of New Onset Epilepsy [NCT00210782]	Phase 3	262 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-06-30	Completed
A Comparison of Topiramate Versus Amitriptyline in Migraine Prophylaxis [NCT00210821]	Phase 3	347 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-02-29	Completed
An Open-label Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Topiramate for Migraine Prophylaxis: Extension Study to CAPSS-277 [NCT00210860]	Phase 3	142 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-09-30	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Flexible-Dose Study to Assess the Efficacy of Topiramate for Weight Loss in Subjects With Metabolic Syndrome [NCT00243984]	Phase 3	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2005-03-31	Suspended(stopped due to Study was discontinued because of high drop out rate.)
A Safety Study of Combination Treatment With Avonex and Placebo-Controlled Dosing of Topamax in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. [NCT00217295]	Phase 2	30 participants	Interventional	2004-04-30	Recruiting
The Use of Anticonvulsants for Treatment of Patients With Alcohol Dependence and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder [NCT00571246]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-06-30	Withdrawn
A Randomized, Multicenter, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of USL255 as Adjunctive Therapy in Patients With Refractory Partial-Onset Seizures [NCT01142193]	Phase 3	249 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-05-31	Completed
Combining Medications Treatment for Alcoholism [NCT00006205]	Phase 2	320 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2005-03-31	Recruiting
Acupuncture in Chronic Migraine: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01096420]		68 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-08-31	Completed
Single-Dose Fed Bioequivalence Study of Topiramate Sprinkle Capsules (25 mg; Mylan) and Topamax® Sprinkle Capsules (25 mg; Ortho-McNeil Neurologics) in Healthy Volunteers [NCT00648934]	Phase 1	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-11-30	Completed
Preventing Epilepsy After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot, Single-center Randomized Trial of Topiramate to Prevent Seizures After Moderate to Severe TBI [NCT00598923]	Early Phase 1	6 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-11-30	Terminated(stopped due to End of funding and low enrollment)
Aripiprazole and Topiramate on Free-Choice Alcohol Use [NCT00884884]	Phase 2/Phase 3	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-09-30	Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group Study to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of Topiramate in the Treatment of Tourette Syndrome (CAPSS-176) [NCT00206323]	Phase 3	29 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-09-30	Completed
An Open Observational Safety Study During Administration of Topamac, as Monotherapy in Epileptic Patients With no Prior Treatment or Unsuccessfully Treated With Other Antiepileptic Drug [NCT00297323]		80 participants (Actual)	Observational	2005-06-30	Completed
Randomized, Double-blind Placebo Controlled Trial With Topiramate for the Treatment of Obese Patients With Binge Eating Disorder [NCT00307619]	Phase 3	73 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-11-30	Completed
Liceo Study: A Prospective, Observational Study On The Effectiveness Of New Antiepileptic Drugs As First Bitherapy In The Daily Clinical Practice [NCT00855738]	Phase 4	111 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-05-31	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Add-on Topiramate vs Metformin on Cardio-Metabolic Profile in Patients With Schizophrenia on Atypical Antipsychotics With Metabolic Syndrome: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05663749]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-09-20	Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, Parallel Group, Multi-center, Comparative, Phase IV Trial of Levetiracetam (LEV) Versus Topiramate (TPM) as Adjunctive Therapy to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety in Subjects With Refractory Partial Onset Seizures [NCT01229735]	Phase 4	343 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-11-30	Completed
Adjunctive Anti-Obesity Pharmacotherapy in Adolescents and Young Adults After Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study [NCT04095104]	Phase 2	13 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-15	Completed
An ObEsity-centric Approach With and Without Anti-obesity Medications ComPared to the Usual-care ApprOach to Management of Patients With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in an Employer Setting: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04531176]	Phase 4	69 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-09-01	Active, not recruiting
A Single-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial Examining the Safety and Efficacy of Topiramate in the Treatment of Subjects With Episodic or Chronic Cluster Headache. [NCT00203190]	Phase 4	60 participants	Interventional	2004-09-30	Terminated
Topiramate in the Treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) [NCT00203463]	Phase 4	40 participants	Interventional	2001-07-31	Completed
A Double-Blind Dose Comparison Study of Topiramate in Pediatric Subjects With Basilar/Hemiplegic Migraine [NCT00131443]	Phase 2/Phase 3	40 participants	Interventional	2004-02-29	Completed
A Randomized, Open Label, Comparative, Multi-center Clinical Trial to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate Comparing With Carbamazepine in Benign Rolandic Epilepsy. [NCT00216567]	Phase 4	114 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-12-31	Completed
A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Trial to Investigate the Efficacy and Tolerability of Topiramate in the Prophylaxis of Chronic Migraine [NCT00216606]	Phase 3	59 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-12-31	Completed
An Open-label Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Topiramate for the Prophylaxis of Chronic Migraine: Extension Study to CAPSS-276 [NCT00210873]	Phase 3	200 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-02-29	Completed
A Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate Versus Placebo for the Prophylaxis of Chronic Migraine [NCT00210912]	Phase 3	328 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-09-30	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Adjunctive Topiramate in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder [NCT00187928]	Phase 3	96 participants	Interventional	2003-01-31	Completed
Pharmacologic Weight Loss as Adjunct Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis in Obese Patients: A Phase 2A, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial [NCT04721873]	Phase 2	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-12-18	Recruiting
Biomarkers of Increased Risk of Developing Metabolic Adaptation to Weight Loss [NCT05139420]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-09-10	Active, not recruiting
[NCT00004776]	Phase 3	10 participants	Interventional	1993-11-30	Completed
A Randomized, Active-Controlled, Open-Label, Flexible-Dose Study to Assess the Safety and Tolerability of Topiramate as Monotherapy Compared With Levetiracetam as Monotherapy in Pediatric Subjects With New or Recent-Onset Epilepsy [NCT02201251]	Phase 3	63 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-10-06	Completed
Topiramate for Treatment of Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder and Alcohol Dependence [NCT00463775]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-03-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Recruitment not progressing as planned.)
A Phase Ib, Open Label, Parallel-Design Single- and Multiple-Dose Study Comparing Modified Release Topiramate Formulations to Immediate Release Formulations of Topiramate Dosed in Combination With Immediate Release Phentermine in Obese Adults [NCT00518466]	Phase 1	64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-07-31	Completed
Quantification of the Antidyskinetic Effect of Amantadine and Topiramate in Parkinson's Disease [NCT00794313]		3 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to Funding Ended)
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Design Trial of; Levetiracetam, Zonisamide, Topiramate, and Placebo Control for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependent Subjects. [NCT00862563]	Phase 2	85 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to Recruitment goals could not be met before ending of funding for this project.)
A Randomized, Open-label (OL), Multicenter Study With OL Extension of the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Topiramate Administered as Oral Liquid and Sprinkle Formulations as an Adjunct to Concurrent Anticonvulsant Therapy in Infants (Aged 1-24 Months, Incl [NCT00233012]	Phase 1	16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-06-30	Completed
Comparison of Dapagliflozin (DAPA) and Once-weekly Exenatide (EQW), Co-administered or Alone, DAPA/ Glucophage (DAPA/MET ER) and Phentermine/Topiramate (PHEN/TPM) ER on Metabolic Profiles and Body Composition in Obese PCOS Women [NCT02635386]	Phase 3	119 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-22	Completed
Treatment of Meniere's Disease With Nortriptyline-Topiramate Stepwise Regimen: A Randomized Double-Blinded Clinical Trial [NCT05582837]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-08-01	Recruiting
Study to Evaluate the Bioequivalence of a Test Tablet Formulation of Topiramate (2 x 25 mg), Compared to an Equivalent Dose of a Commercially Available Reference Drug Product (Topamax®, Ortho-McNeil Neurologics, Inc.) in Fed, Healthy, Adult Subjects [NCT00939705]	Phase 1	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional		Completed
Single Center TOPAMAX� (Topiramate) Monotherapy Trial in Subjects With Refractory Partial Onset Seizures [NCT00266591]	Phase 3	51 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1992-10-31	Completed
Combining Topiramate and Prolonged Exposure for PTSD and Alcohol Use Disorder [NCT03176953]	Phase 2/Phase 3	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-01	Completed
Clinical Assessment of Topiramate on Gambling-Related Behaviours in Problem Gamblers: Effects of Gender and Negative Emotionality [NCT00370188]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-09-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to Change to investigator's research affiliation and other employment.)
Topiramate (RWJ-17021-000) Monotherapy Clinical Trial in Patients With Recently Diagnosed Partial-Onset Seizures [NCT00230698]	Phase 3	451 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1995-11-30	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Monotherapy Study to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of Two Doses of Topiramate in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed or Recurrent Epilepsy [NCT00231556]	Phase 3	750 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1999-07-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group, Dose-Response Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate in the Prophylaxis of Migraine [NCT00231595]	Phase 3	768 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-03-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate in the Treatment of Obese, Type 2 Diabetic Patients Inadequately Controlled on Sulfonylurea Therapy [NCT00231634]	Phase 3	31 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to Program discontinued)
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate the Effect of Topiramate on Electrophysiological Parameters in Subjects With Diabetic Peripheral Polyneuropathy [NCT00231673]	Phase 2	72 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-07-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group, Dose-Response Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate in the Prophylaxis of Migraine [NCT00236509]	Phase 3	763 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-02-28	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate in the Treatment of Obese Patients With Mild to Moderate Essential Hypertension [NCT00236665]	Phase 3	531 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-03-31	Completed
Topiramate Clinical Trial in Primary Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures [NCT00236704]	Phase 3	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1994-03-31	Completed
Topiramate (RWJ 17021-000) Clinical Trial In Children With Partial Onset Seizures [NCT00236743]	Phase 3	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1994-06-30	Completed
Double-Blind Parallel Comparison of Topiramate 400 mg Twice Daily to Placebo in Patients With Refractory Partial Epilepsy [NCT00236860]	Phase 2	56 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1989-05-31	Completed
Topiramate Versus Placebo as add-on Treatment in Patients With Bipolar Disorder in the Outpatient Setting [NCT00237289]	Phase 3	287 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-10-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled 12-Week Study Of The Safety And Efficacy Of Two Doses Of Topiramate For The Treatment Of Acute Manic Or Mixed Episodes In Subjects With Bipolar I Disorder With An Optional Open-Label Extension [NCT00240721]	Phase 3	363 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-10-31	Completed
Efficacy of Topiramate Prophylaxis as add-on to Triptan Therapy for Migraine [NCT00261469]	Phase 2	38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-04-30	Completed
Anti-Dyskinetic Properties of Topiramate: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Patients With Parkinson's Disease and Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesias [NCT00296959]	Phase 2	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2004-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to early termination due to slow recruitment)
An Open-label Observation Study of Topiramate Administration as Adjuvant Therapy for Focal Epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Epileptic Seizures and Generalized Tonoclonic Seizures in Adults and Children Aged 2 Years and Older [NCT00297349]		153 participants (Actual)	Observational	2003-11-30	Completed
Novel Pharmacotherapy for Dual Dependence [NCT00448825]	Phase 3	180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2007-03-31	Recruiting
The Mechanism of Human Non-Shivering Thermogenesis and Basal Metabolic Rate [NCT01950520]	Phase 2	134 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-02-07	Recruiting
Relationship Between Topiramate Use and Ocular Angle Status: A Prospective Pilot Study [NCT00153699]	Phase 4	15 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2004-09-30	Active, not recruiting
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Active Controlled Trial With Open-Label Safety Extension to Evaluate the Tolerability, Safety, and Efficacy of Atogepant Versus Topiramate in Subjects Requiring Preventive Treatment of Migraine (TEMPLE) [NCT05748483]	Phase 3	520 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-07	Recruiting
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Civilians [NCT00208130]	Phase 4	60 participants	Interventional	2001-10-31	Completed
TOPAMAX (Topiramate) Intervention to Prevent Transformation of Episodic Migraine: The Topiramate INTREPID Study [NCT00212810]	Phase 4	385 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-09-30	Completed
Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Phase IV Clinical Trial to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Qsymia in Obese Patients [NCT05378503]	Phase 4	301 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-09-17	Recruiting
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Fixed Dose-Ranging Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Topiramate Oral Liquid and Sprinkle Formulations as an Adjunct to Concurrent Anticonvulsant Therapy for Infants (1-24 Months of Ag [NCT00113815]	Phase 3	118 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-05-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled 12-Week Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Topiramate in Patients With Acute Manic or Mixed Episodes of Bipolar I Disorder With an Optional Open-Label Extension [NCT00035230]	Phase 3	338 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-07-31	Completed
Qsymia as an Adjunct to Surgical Therapy in the Superobese [NCT02301416]	Phase 2	25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-12-31	Completed
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Lasmiditan When Co-administered With Topiramate in Healthy Subjects [NCT03308669]	Phase 1	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-16	Completed
Topiramate Effects on SIB in Prader-Willi Syndrome [NCT00065923]		10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2002-07-31	Completed
Topiramate in the Treatment of Sciatica [NCT00011804]	Phase 2	65 participants	Interventional	2001-02-28	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled 4-Week Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Topiramate in Adolescents With Acute Manic or Mixed Episodes of Bipolar I Disorder, With an Optional 6-Month Open-Label Extension [NCT00035802]	Phase 3	13 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-01-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled 12-Week Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Two Doses of Topiramate for the Treatment of Acute Manic or Mixed Episodes in Patients With Bipolar I Disorder With an Optional Open-Label Extension [NCT00037674]	Phase 3	434 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-01-31	Completed
A Controlled Trial of Topiramate Treatment for Alcohol Dependence in Veterans With PTSD [NCT01749215]	Phase 4	151 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Completed
The Effects of Modafinil and Topiramate on Brain Mechanisms Underlying Cue-induced Cocaine Craving and Dependence in Methadone Maintained Cocaine Dependent Patients. [NCT00396734]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2007-04-30	Suspended(stopped due to Grant was not renewed)
Nicotine Craving: Neural Correlates of Treatment Effect - A Pilot Study [NCT00208858]	Phase 2	0 participants	Interventional	2004-12-31	Completed
Efficacy of AXERT (Almotriptan Malate) in the Acute Treatment of Migraine: A Pilot Study of the Potential Impact of Preventive Therapy With TOPAMAX (Topiramate) [NCT00210496]	Phase 4	406 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-06-30	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate for the Prophylaxis of Migraine in Pediatric Subjects 12 to 17 Years of Age [NCT00210535]	Phase 3	110 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-06-30	Completed
A Pilot Study of Topiramate in Childhood Absence Epilepsy [NCT00210574]	Phase 2	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-03-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Flexible Dose Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Topiramate in the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence [NCT00210925]	Phase 2	371 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-03-31	Completed
Topiramate Augmentation in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder [NCT00211744]	Phase 4	24 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2004-08-31	Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial to Investigate the Efficacy and Tolerability of Topiramate in Prolonged Migraine Prevention [NCT00216619]	Phase 3	834 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-11-30	Completed
An Open-label Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate in the Treatment of Tourette Syndrome (CAPSS-286) [NCT00206336]	Phase 3	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-10-31	Completed
An Open-Label Study of Topiramate in Pediatric Subjects With Basilar/Hemiplegic Migraine [NCT00158002]	Phase 2	40 participants	Interventional	2004-02-29	Completed
Topiramate Augmentation to a Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitor (SSRI) in Treatment-Resistant Generalized Social Phobia: A Double-Blind Placebo -Controlled Trial. [NCT00182455]	Phase 4	12 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2004-03-01	Terminated(stopped due to loss of funding)
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study to Determine the Effacy and Safety of Topiramate in Subjects With Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) [NCT00200941]	Phase 4	44 participants	Interventional	2001-08-31	Completed
New Medications to Treat Alcohol Dependence [NCT00223639]	Phase 2	29 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-09-30	Completed
Phase 2, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Topiramate for the Treatment of Methamphetamine Dependence [NCT00345371]	Phase 2	140 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-04-30	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Mixed Amphetamine Salts (Adderall-XR) and Topiramate for the Treatment of Cocaine Dependence [NCT00421603]	Phase 2	81 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-02-28	Completed
Leveraging Biomarkers for Personalized Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder Comorbid With Post Traumatic Stress Disorder [NCT03667846]	Phase 2	150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-10-16	Recruiting
A Phase-1, Open-label, Drug Interaction Study Between Eslicarbazepine Acetate 1200 mg and Topiramate 200 mg Following Multiple Dose Administrations in Healthy Male [NCT02283814]	Phase 1	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-01-31	Completed
Beneficial Side Effects of Topiramate in Obese Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty, a Study of Opiate Consumption and Weight Reduction [NCT04613024]	Early Phase 1	70 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-07-01	Not yet recruiting
Multicenter Trial of Combined Pharmacotherapy to Treat Cocaine Dependence [NCT01811940]	Phase 2/Phase 3	169 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Completed
Biobehavioral Effects of Topiramate on Cannabis-Related Outcomes in Adolescents [NCT01110434]	Phase 2	66 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-12-31	Completed
Peripheral Pharmacodynamics of Phentermine-Topiramate in Obese Patients [NCT01834404]	Phase 4	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-04-30	Completed
Adjunctive Topiramate for Treatment of Alcohol Dependence in Patients With Bipolar Disorder [NCT00572117]	Phase 4	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-08-31	Completed
Generating Evidence on NonEpileptic, Stereotypical and Intermittent Symptoms (NESIS) in Chronic Subdural Hematomas [NCT04759196]	Phase 4	56 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-03-01	Recruiting
Topiramate Clinical Trial in Primary Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures [NCT00236418]	Phase 3	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1994-12-31	Completed
A Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Essential Tremor [NCT00236496]	Phase 3	223 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-10-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, Parallel Group, Dose-Response Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate in the Treatment of Patients With Obesity [NCT00236613]	Phase 2	385 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-09-30	Completed
Double-Blind, Parallel Comparison of Three Doses of Topiramate and Placebo in Refractory Partial Epilepsy [NCT00236691]	Phase 2	188 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1988-07-31	Completed
Double-Blind Parallel Comparison of Three Doses of Topiramate and Placebo in Refractory Partial Epilepsy [NCT00236730]	Phase 2	178 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1988-06-30	Completed
Double-Blind, Parallel Comparison of Topiramate 300 mg Twice Daily to Placebo in Patients With Refractory Partial Epilepsy [NCT00236847]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1989-12-31	Completed
Prospective Pilot Study on Metabolism and Weight Changes in Subjects With Diagnosed Partial Onset Epilepsy, With or Without Secondarily Generalized Seizures and Treated With Topiramate. [NCT00236886]	Phase 3	49 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1998-05-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Topiramate in the Treatment of Obese, Type 2 Diabetic Patients on a Controlled Diet [NCT00231530]	Phase 3	541 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-01-31	Completed
The Safety and Efficacy of Topiramate in Male Patients With Abdominal Obesity: A 6-Month Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study With a 6-Month Open-Label Extension [NCT00231608]	Phase 2	68 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1998-12-31	Completed
TOPAMAX� (Topiramate) Initiated as Monotherapy in Epilepsy (TIME): A Multicenter, Outpatient, Open-Label, Study to Evaluate the Dosing, Effectiveness and Safety of TOPAMAX� as Monotherapy in the Treatment of Epilepsy in Clinical Practice [NCT00266604]	Phase 4	409 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-12-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, Parallel-Group Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate OROS Controlled-Release in the Treatment of Obese, Type 2 Diabetic Subjects Managed With Diet or Metformin [NCT00231647]	Phase 2	113 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-02-29	Completed
Effects of Topiramate on Adolescent Alcohol Use: Efficacy and Mechanisms [NCT01641445]	Phase 1/Phase 2	82 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-07-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Dose-Response Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Two Doses of Topiramate Compared to Placebo and Propranolol in the Prophylaxis of Migraine [NCT00236561]	Phase 3	786 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-04-30	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study of Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate in Weight Loss Maintenance in Obese Patients Following Participation in an Intensive, Non-Pharmacologic Weight Loss Program [NCT00236600]	Phase 3	561 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-08-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, Parallel Group, Dose-Response Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate in the Treatment of Patients With Obesity [NCT00236639]	Phase 3	1,293 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-07-31	Completed
TOPAMAX (Topiramate) Monotherapy Comparison Trial to Standard Monotherapy in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy (RWJ-17021-000); Phase IIIB [NCT00236717]	Phase 3	865 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1997-09-30	Completed
A Double-Blind Trial of Topiramate in Subjects With Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. [NCT00236756]	Phase 3	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1993-08-31	Completed
Double-Blind Parallel Comparison of Topiramate 200 mg Twice Daily to Placebo in Patients With Refractory Partial Epilepsy [NCT00236873]	Phase 2	47 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1989-10-31	Completed
A Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate Versus Placebo for the Prophylaxis of Migraine in Pediatric Subjects [NCT00237302]	Phase 3	162 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-07-31	Completed
Modulation of the Excitability of the Occipital Cerebral Cortex Using Topiramate [NCT00286923]		10 participants	Observational	2006-02-28	Not yet recruiting
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 11-Week Trial of Topiramate as an Aid to Smoking Cessation [NCT00280839]	Phase 3	87 participants (Actual)	Interventional		Completed
A Comparison Of The Efficacy And Safety Of Topamax® (Topiramate) Tablets Versus Placebo For The Prophylaxis Of Migraine [NCT00253175]	Phase 3	211 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-10-31	Completed
An Open-label Observational Safety Study During Administration of Topiramate, for the Prophylaxis of Migraine [NCT00297336]		80 participants (Actual)	Observational	2005-03-31	Completed
Open Flexible Dose Optimisation Trial Assessing Tolerability and Efficacy of Topiramate Monotherapy in Recently Diagnosed Patients With Epilepsy Who Are Treatment Naive or Have Failed One Anti-Epileptic Drug Treatment in Monotherapy [NCT01689649]	Phase 4	139 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-05-31	Completed
Topiramate for the Prophylactic Treatment of Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome in Children [NCT00286988]	Phase 4	12 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2006-03-31	Terminated(stopped due to Insufficient potential subjects)
A 14-week Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study of Topiramate for Alcohol Use Disorders in Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder [NCT01408641]		4 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to Principal Investigator was deployed overseas)
A Continuous Treatment Study of JNS019 (Topiramate) in Migraine Patients [NCT01799590]	Phase 2	296 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-08-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Retention Rate, Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Carisbamate, Topiramate and Levetiracetam as Adjunctive Therapy in Subjects With Partial Onset Seizures [NCT00563459]	Phase 3	89 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-11-30	Terminated(stopped due to Carisbamate partial onset seizures studies lacked consistent efficacy data so trials in this indication were terminated.)
Double-blind Placebo Controlled Topiramate Trial for Pathological Gamblers [NCT01843699]	Phase 2	38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-06-30	Completed
Topiramate Augmenting Strategies for the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder [NCT03120468]	Early Phase 1	16 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-05-01	Active, not recruiting
A Relative Bioavailability Study of Two Formulations of Topiramate 100 mg Coated Tablet in Healthy Male Volunteers, the Test Formulation Produced by Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. and the Reference Formulation (Topamax®) Marked by Janssen-Cilag Farmacêutic [NCT01439438]	Phase 1	26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-07-22	Completed
Comparison of Effects of Peripheral Nerve Block and Topiramate in the Treatment of Medication Overuse Headaches: A Randomised Parallel Group Study [NCT03767062]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-01	Completed
Randomized, 2-Way Crossover, Bioequivalence Study of Topiramate 25 mg Tablets Administered as 2 x 25 mg Tablets in Healthy Subjects Under Fed Conditions [NCT00905567]	Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-06-30	Completed
Randomized, 2-Way Crossover, Bioequivalence Study of Topiramate 25 mg Capsules and Topamax® 25 mg Capsules Administered as 2 x 25 mg Capsules in Healthy Subjects Under Fed Conditions [NCT00904943]	Phase 1	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-06-30	Completed
Does Reversal of Visceral Obesity by Drug Therapy Improve Vascular Function? [NCT01351753]	Phase 2	136 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-03-31	Terminated(stopped due to Lack of funding)
Effect of Topiramate on Cerebrovascular Response to Photic Stimulation in Migraineurs [NCT02424318]	Phase 4	19 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-12-31	Completed
A Randomized, Pilot Study to Evaluate the Tolerability of OnabotulinumtoxinA Plus Topiramate vs. OnabotulinumtoxinA Plus Placebo and Long Term Effect of Treatment on Cognitive Efficiency and Continuation of Care [NCT01700387]	Phase 4	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-10-31	Completed
BMI Reduction With Meal Replacements + Topiramate in Adolescents With Severe Obesity [NCT01859013]	Phase 2	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-06-30	Completed
Amitriptyline and Topiramate in the Prevention of Childhood Migraine [NCT01581281]	Phase 3	488 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-06-30	Terminated(stopped due to Interim assessment provided sufficient data to answer study questions)
Individualized Pharmacological Approach to Obesity Management: A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT03374956]	Phase 3	193 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-12-11	Completed
Quetiapine Plus Topiramate or Placebo for Bipolar Mania & Cannabis Use in Adolescents [NCT00393978]	Phase 4	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-11-30	Completed
Characterizing and Predicting Drug Effects on Cognition [NCT01889602]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Completed
[NCT00004807]		120 participants	Interventional	1995-01-31	Completed
Topiramate in the Treatment of Epilepsy: 1st Add-on vs. Mono-therapy Study in Neuro-Surgical Patients [NCT01627860]	Phase 4	55 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-02-28	Completed
Topiramate to Reduce Heavy Drinking in HIV-Positive Heavy Drinkers [NCT01764685]	Phase 2	4 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to We terminated the study due to problems recruiting alcoholic subjects with HIV.)
Population Pharmacokinetics of Antiepileptic in Pediatrics [NCT03196466]		1,000 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2017-06-19	Recruiting
Brain Mechanisms of Topiramate's Effects on Heavy Drinking [NCT02074904]	Phase 2	1 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to We terminated the study to run it as a sub-study of NCT02371889, which is a 13 week, placebo controlled, double-blind, trial of topiramate in heavy drinkers.)
Transcutaneous Supraorbital Nerve Stimulator Versus Topiramate in Prevention of Recurrent Migraine: A Prospective, Randomized Comparative Study. [NCT05516251]		200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-10-01	Recruiting
Treatment of Tinnitus With Migraine Medications: A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT04404439]	Phase 4	150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-09-26	Recruiting
Pharmacovigilance in Gerontopsychiatric Patients [NCT02374567]	Phase 3	407 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Terminated
Medications After Adolescent Bariatric Surgery Protocol for Inadequate Weight Loss Following Sleeve Gastrectomy in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Pilot Feasibility Study [NCT04572217]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-06-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to No available funding)
Topiramate for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependent Binge-Eating Disordered Individual [NCT00300742]	Phase 2	5 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-03-31	Completed
Topiramate Treatment of Hazardous and Harmful Alcohol Use in Veterans With TBI [NCT01750268]	Phase 4	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-11-30	Completed
Excessive Crying in Children With Cerebral Palsy and Communication Deficits -a Fixed-sequence, Crossover Clinical Trial [NCT04523935]	Phase 4	131 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-12-07	Completed
A Toolbox Approach to Obesity Treatment in Primary Care [NCT01922934]	Phase 4	4,730 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Completed
Phentermine/tOpiramate to eND Obesity and Uric Acid Stones Trial (POuND OUT) [NCT04621929]	Phase 3	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-03-31	Recruiting
Quetiapine Plus Topiramate or Placebo for Bipolar Mania & Alcohol Use in Adolescents & Young Adults [NCT00550394]	Phase 4	56 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-04-30	Completed
Topiramate to Aid Smoking Cessation in Recovering Alcohol Dependent Men [NCT00802412]	Phase 2	132 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-01-31	Completed
Topiramate as an Adjunct to Amantadine in the Treatment of Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease [NCT01789047]	Phase 2	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-03-31	Terminated(stopped due to Sponsor withdrew support)
A Phase IV, Single-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess the Effect of VI-0521 on the Glomerular Filtration Rate of Healthy Overweight or Obese Subjects [NCT02229214]	Phase 4	51 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-08-31	Completed
Effectiveness of Semaglutide 2.4 mg vs. Commercially Available Medications for Chronic Weight Management in Participants With Obesity in a Multi-employer Setting in The US - a Pragmatic Clinical Study [NCT05579249]	Phase 4	500 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-01-19	Recruiting
Topiramate in the Treatment of Pathological Gambling: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Flexible-Dose Study [NCT00245583]	Phase 3	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-10-31	Terminated(stopped due to low enrollment)
Pilot Study of the Effect of Weight Loss by Pharmacotherapy on Chronic Pro-tumor Inflammatory Cells [NCT05756764]		24 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2023-05-23	Recruiting
A Prospective, Observational, Multi-center Study to Assess Long-term Retention Rate of Topiramate in Patients With Epilepsy [NCT01682681]		1,234 participants (Actual)	Observational	2007-07-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Open-label Study to Compare the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of BOTOX® and Topiramate for Headache Prophylaxis in Adults With Chronic Migraine [NCT02191579]	Phase 4	282 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-08-05	Completed
A Prospective Randomized Cross-over Trial of Nortryptyline and Topiramate in the Initial Treatment of Vestibular Migraine. [NCT02169830]		35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-08-22	Terminated(stopped due to Lack of enrollment)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT00167245 (4) [back to overview]	Cocaine Withdrawal Symptoms Measured by Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment.
NCT00167245 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Heavy Drinking Days
NCT00167245 (4) [back to overview]	Percent of Participants Abstinent From Cocaine During Last 3 Weeks of 13 Week Trial
NCT00167245 (4) [back to overview]	The Penn Alcohol Craving Scale
NCT00206323 (1) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Total Tic Score at Day 70
NCT00206336 (1) [back to overview]	Change in TTS
NCT00245583 (8) [back to overview]	Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale
NCT00245583 (8) [back to overview]	The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale
NCT00245583 (8) [back to overview]	Obsession Component of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale for Pathological Gambling (PG-YBOCS)
NCT00245583 (8) [back to overview]	Obsession Component of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale for Pathological Gambling (PG-YBOCS)
NCT00245583 (8) [back to overview]	Gambling-Symptom Assessment Scale Total Score
NCT00245583 (8) [back to overview]	Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11
NCT00245583 (8) [back to overview]	Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11
NCT00245583 (8) [back to overview]	Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS)
NCT00300742 (5) [back to overview]	Mean Percent Days Abstinent Per Week at Baseline vs. Visit 12
NCT00300742 (5) [back to overview]	Mean Drinks Per Day at Baseline vs. Visit 12
NCT00300742 (5) [back to overview]	Mean Binge Eating Episodes Per Week at Baseline vs. Visit 12
NCT00300742 (5) [back to overview]	Compliance With Study Requirements: Attendance at Treatment Sessions
NCT00300742 (5) [back to overview]	Compliance With Study Requirements: Topiramate Level
NCT00329407 (2) [back to overview]	Phonetic Portion of the Controlled Word Association Test (COWAT)
NCT00329407 (2) [back to overview]	The Primary Outcome Measure Will be Subjects Ethanol Consumption Over the Course of the Drug Treatment Period as Assessed by the Timeline Followback Method
NCT00345371 (2) [back to overview]	Abstinence (Weeks 6 - 12)
NCT00345371 (2) [back to overview]	Abstinence (Weeks 1 - 12)
NCT00393978 (2) [back to overview]	Change in Percent Days of Cannabis Use Per Week
NCT00393978 (2) [back to overview]	Change in Joints Per Week
NCT00394095 (2) [back to overview]	Change in Body Mass Index (BMI)
NCT00394095 (2) [back to overview]	Change in Body Weight
NCT00421603 (1) [back to overview]	Three Weeks of Continuous Cocaine Abstinence as Measured by Urine Toxicology and Self Report Based on Time Line Follow Back
NCT00550394 (4) [back to overview]	Percent Heavy Drinking Days
NCT00550394 (4) [back to overview]	Drinks Per Drinking Day
NCT00550394 (4) [back to overview]	Drinks Per Day
NCT00550394 (4) [back to overview]	Percentage of Days Abstinent
NCT00554216 (2) [back to overview]	Percent Weight Loss From Baseline to Week 56
NCT00554216 (2) [back to overview]	Percentage of Subjects With at Least 5% Weight Loss at Week 56
NCT00563368 (2) [back to overview]	Percent Weight Loss From Baseline to Week 28
NCT00563368 (2) [back to overview]	Percentage of Subjects With at Least 5% Weight Loss at Week 28 With LOCF
NCT00572117 (2) [back to overview]	Amount of Alcohol Consumed
NCT00572117 (2) [back to overview]	Effect of Treatment on Mood Symptoms
NCT00600067 (2) [back to overview]	HbA1c Change From Baseline Week 0 to Week 56
NCT00600067 (2) [back to overview]	Percent Weight Loss From Baseline to Week 56
NCT00626925 (8) [back to overview]	Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) at End of Treatment
NCT00626925 (8) [back to overview]	Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) at Midpoint
NCT00626925 (8) [back to overview]	Mean Abstinent Days Per Week by Medication Group
NCT00626925 (8) [back to overview]	Mean Abstinent Days Per Week by Medication Group and rs2832407 Genotype
NCT00626925 (8) [back to overview]	Mean Heavy Drinking Days Per Week by Medication Group
NCT00626925 (8) [back to overview]	Mean Heavy Drinking Days Per Week by Medication Group and rs2832407 Genotype
NCT00626925 (8) [back to overview]	Severity of Alcohol-related Problems at End of Treatment
NCT00626925 (8) [back to overview]	Mean Daily Alcohol Consumption
NCT00685178 (2) [back to overview]	Proportion of Cocaine Positive Urine Samples Per Treatment Condition
NCT00685178 (2) [back to overview]	Voucher Earnings
NCT00725920 (1) [back to overview]	Clinician Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale
NCT00755716 (2) [back to overview]	MNWS
NCT00755716 (2) [back to overview]	Primary Outcome is 4-week Continuous Quit Rate at the End of Treatment.
NCT00772031 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects Experiencing at Least a 30% Reduction in 28-day Moderate to Severe Headache Days
NCT00772031 (8) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Migraine-Specific Quality of Life (MSQ)-Role Preventive at 6 Months
NCT00772031 (8) [back to overview]	Change in the Number of Moderate to Severe Headache Days Within a 28 Day Average Period in Six Months Compared to Baseline
NCT00772031 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects Experiencing at Least a 50% Reduction in 28-day Moderate to Severe Headache Days
NCT00772031 (8) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Beck's Depression Inventory FastScreen Score at 6 Months
NCT00772031 (8) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) Score at 6 Months
NCT00772031 (8) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Migraine Specific Quality of Life (MSQ)-Role Restrictive Score at 6 Months
NCT00772031 (8) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Migraine-Specific Quality of Life (MSQ) - Emotional Function at 6 Months
NCT00794313 (2) [back to overview]	Forceplate AUC
NCT00794313 (2) [back to overview]	Modified Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale Area Under the Curve
NCT00802412 (2) [back to overview]	Percent Relapsing to Any Drinking or Illicit Drug Use
NCT00802412 (2) [back to overview]	4-week Continuous Abstinence From Smoking
NCT00846495 (8) [back to overview]	Adverse Events Associated With Study Medications
NCT00846495 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Headache Days Reported by Participants Using Frovatriptan in a Preemptive Treatment Paradigm vs. Daily Topiramate to Prevent Migraine
NCT00846495 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Migraine Attacks in Participants Using Frovatriptan in a Preemptive Treatment Paradigm vs. Daily Topiramate
NCT00846495 (8) [back to overview]	Cost of Frovatriptan vs. Topiramate as Preventive Treatment of Migraine
NCT00846495 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Headache Days Each Month Following Initiation of Treatment With Study Medication
NCT00846495 (8) [back to overview]	Participant Satisfaction With Study Medications
NCT00846495 (8) [back to overview]	Participants With Greater Than 50% Reduction in Migraine Attacks and Headache Days Per Month Utilizing Each Treatment Paradigm
NCT00846495 (8) [back to overview]	Quality of Life in Subjects Utilizing Each Treatment Paradigm
NCT00855738 (17) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in Visits to a Specialist or the Emergency Room Because of Epilepsy
NCT00855738 (17) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Months 3 and 6 in Health Condition: Euro Quality of Life Scale (EQ-5D) Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
NCT00855738 (17) [back to overview]	Change in Sleep Disturbances From Baseline to Month 6: Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale (MOS-SS)
NCT00855738 (17) [back to overview]	Percent of Participants Classified as Responders
NCT00855738 (17) [back to overview]	Percent of Participants Indicating Optimal Sleep on the Optimal Sleep Subscale: Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale (MOS-SS)
NCT00855738 (17) [back to overview]	Percent of Participants That Reduced, Maintained and Increased the Doses of the Initial Treatment Administered in Monotherapy
NCT00855738 (17) [back to overview]	Percent of Participants That Reduced, Maintained and Increased Their Doses of New Antiepileptic Drugs (AED)
NCT00855738 (17) [back to overview]	Percent of Participants With Cessation of Occupation, Requirement of Caregiver, or Admission to Intensive Care Unit
NCT00855738 (17) [back to overview]	Percent of Participants With Reduction in Number of Seizures >=25% and >=75% During the Last 3 Months of Treatment
NCT00855738 (17) [back to overview]	Percent of Seizure-free Participants During the Last 3 Months Before Discontinuation
NCT00855738 (17) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in Total Number of Days Hospitalized Because of Epilepsy
NCT00855738 (17) [back to overview]	Percent of Participants Reaching Monotherapy
NCT00855738 (17) [back to overview]	Percent Change From Baseline in the Median Number of Seizures During the Last 3 Months of Treatment
NCT00855738 (17) [back to overview]	Percent of Participants Who Continued on Study Medication to Month 6
NCT00855738 (17) [back to overview]	Time to First Seizure
NCT00855738 (17) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in Quality of Life 10 Domains (QOLIE-10)
NCT00855738 (17) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Month 6 in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
NCT00862563 (8) [back to overview]	COWAT-Category
NCT00862563 (8) [back to overview]	Controlled Word Association Test (COWAT)- Letter Fluency
NCT00862563 (8) [back to overview]	Wechsler Memory Scale-3rd Ed. Spatial Span
NCT00862563 (8) [back to overview]	The Primary Efficacy Measure is the Mean Number of Drinks Consumed Per Day Over the Period From Treatment Weeks 10 Through 12 When All Study Medications Should be at Their Maximum Steady Levels Based on Their Known Pharmacokinetic Properties.
NCT00862563 (8) [back to overview]	Percent Days Drinking
NCT00862563 (8) [back to overview]	Mean Percent Days Heavy Drinking
NCT00862563 (8) [back to overview]	Wechsler Memory Scales (WMS)-3d Ed Digit Span-Age Adjusted Total
NCT00862563 (8) [back to overview]	AB-Neurotoxicity Scale.
NCT00904943 (3) [back to overview]	Cmax - Maximum Observed Concentration
NCT00904943 (3) [back to overview]	AUC0-inf - Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (Extrapolated)
NCT00904943 (3) [back to overview]	AUC0-t - Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Non-zero Concentration (Per Participant)
NCT00905164 (3) [back to overview]	AUC0-t - Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Non-zero Concentration (Per Participant)
NCT00905164 (3) [back to overview]	Cmax - Maximum Observed Concentration
NCT00905164 (3) [back to overview]	AUC0-inf - Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (Extrapolated)
NCT00905346 (3) [back to overview]	AUC0-t - Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Non-zero Concentration
NCT00905346 (3) [back to overview]	Cmax - Maximum Observed Concentration
NCT00905346 (3) [back to overview]	AUC0-inf - Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (Extrapolated)
NCT00905567 (3) [back to overview]	AUC0-72 - Area Under the Concentration Time Curve From Time Zero to Time 72 Hours (Per Participant)
NCT00905567 (3) [back to overview]	AUC0-t - Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Non-zero Concentration (Per Participant)
NCT00905567 (3) [back to overview]	Cmax - Maximum Observed Concentration
NCT00905606 (3) [back to overview]	Cmax - Maximum Observed Concentration
NCT00905606 (3) [back to overview]	AUC0-72 - Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to 72 Hours (Per Participant)
NCT00905606 (3) [back to overview]	AUC0-t - Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Non-zero Concentration (Per Participant)
NCT00939692 (3) [back to overview]	Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time 0 to Time t [AUC(0-t)]
NCT00939692 (3) [back to overview]	Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
NCT00939692 (3) [back to overview]	The Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time 0 to Infinity AUC(0-∞)
NCT00939705 (3) [back to overview]	Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time 0 to Time t [AUC(0-t)]
NCT00939705 (3) [back to overview]	Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
NCT00939705 (3) [back to overview]	The Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time 0 to Infinity AUC(0-∞)
NCT01060111 (4) [back to overview]	Percentage Decrease in Migraine Episodes
NCT01060111 (4) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) Score at Week 6
NCT01060111 (4) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score at Week 6
NCT01060111 (4) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Migraine Frequency at Week 6
NCT01081795 (10) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Average Number of Monthly Headache Days at Month 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
NCT01081795 (10) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Average Number of Rescue Drug Treatment Days at Month 6
NCT01081795 (10) [back to overview]	Average Number of Rescue Drug Treatment Days
NCT01081795 (10) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Migraine Attacks (According to 24-Hour Rule) Over Week 19 to Week 22 Period
NCT01081795 (10) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Average Number of Monthly Migraine Attack Days at Month 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
NCT01081795 (10) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Average Number of Monthly Migraine Attacks (According to the Diagnostic Criteria of the International Headache Society) at Month 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
NCT01081795 (10) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Monthly Migraine Attacks (According to 48-Hour Rule) at Month 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
NCT01081795 (10) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Monthly Migraine Attacks (According to 24-Hour Rule) Through Month 6
NCT01081795 (10) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Response to Study Treatment
NCT01081795 (10) [back to overview]	Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) Score
NCT01087736 (2) [back to overview]	PTSD Symptom Severity
NCT01087736 (2) [back to overview]	Percent Drinking Days (%DD)
NCT01110434 (3) [back to overview]	Cannabis Use
NCT01110434 (3) [back to overview]	Amount of Cannabis Use Per Use Day
NCT01110434 (3) [back to overview]	Quantity of Cannabis Use
NCT01142193 (10) [back to overview]	Percent Reduction From Baseline in Weekly (7 Day) All Seizure Frequency During the Titration Plus Maintenance Phase.
NCT01142193 (10) [back to overview]	Percent Reduction From Baseline in Weekly (7 Day) Partial-onset Seizure Frequency During the Maintenance Phase Compared to Baseline.
NCT01142193 (10) [back to overview]	Percent Reduction From Baseline in Weekly (7 Day) Partial-onset Seizure Frequency During the Titration Plus Maintenance Phase Compared to Baseline.
NCT01142193 (10) [back to overview]	Proportion of Subjects ≥50% Reduction (Responder Rate) in Weekly (7 Day) Partial-onset Seizure Frequency During the Maintenance Phase Compared to Baseline.
NCT01142193 (10) [back to overview]	Proportion of Subjects With ≥50% Reduction (Responder Rate) in Weekly (7 Day) Partial-onset Seizure Frequency During the Titration Phase Compared to Baseline.
NCT01142193 (10) [back to overview]	Proportion of Subjects With ≥25%, ≥75%, and 100% Reduction in Weekly (7 Day) Partial-onset Seizure Frequency During the Maintenance Phase Compared to Baseline.
NCT01142193 (10) [back to overview]	Percent Reductions From Baseline in Weekly (7 Day) Partial-onset Seizure Frequency During the Titration Phase Compared to Baseline.
NCT01142193 (10) [back to overview]	Proportion of Subjects With ≥25%, ≥75%, and 100% Reduction in Weekly (7 Day) Partial-onset Seizure Frequency During the Titration Plus Maintenance Phase Compared to Baseline.
NCT01142193 (10) [back to overview]	Proportion of Subjects With ≥50% Reduction (Responder Rate) in Weekly (7 Day) Partial-onset Seizure Frequency During the Titration Plus Maintenance Phase Compared to Baseline.
NCT01142193 (10) [back to overview]	Proportion of Subjects With ≥25%, ≥75%, and 100% Reduction in Weekly (7 Day) Partial-onset Seizure Frequency During the Titration Phases Compared to Baseline.
NCT01191086 (1) [back to overview]	Evaluate the Safety of USL255 Through the Collection of Adverse Events and Clinical Laboratory Evaluations
NCT01229735 (5) [back to overview]	Responders Defined as Number of Subjects With at Least 50 % Reduction in the Weekly POS Frequency From Baseline During the Total Treatment Period From Baseline to Week 52
NCT01229735 (5) [back to overview]	Median Percent Reduction in the Weekly Partial Onset Seizure (POS) Frequency From Baseline During the Total Treatment Period From Baseline to Week 52
NCT01229735 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects With at Least One Adverse Event Reported During the Trial Period From Baseline to Week 52
NCT01229735 (5) [back to overview]	Percentage of Subjects Continuing the Allocated Investigational Treatment From the First Study Treatment Intake to Week 52, After the Beginning of Investigational Treatment With Levetiracetam Compared to Topiramate
NCT01229735 (5) [back to overview]	Time From the First Study Treatment Intake to Drug Discontinuation Due to Adverse Event (AE)
NCT01351753 (4) [back to overview]	Waist (cm Change After 6 Months From Baseline)
NCT01351753 (4) [back to overview]	Weight (% Change From Baseline)
NCT01351753 (4) [back to overview]	Office Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg Change From Baseline)
NCT01351753 (4) [back to overview]	Carotid-femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV)(Change After 6 Months From Baseline)
NCT01581281 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Absolute Headache Disability Score on PedMIDAS
NCT01581281 (5) [back to overview]	Number (Percentage) of Participants Reporting a ≥ 50% Reduction in Headache Days
NCT01581281 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Number of Headache Days
NCT01581281 (5) [back to overview]	Occurrence of Treatment Emergent Serious Adverse Events
NCT01581281 (5) [back to overview]	Tolerability, as Indicated by the Number (Percentage) of Participants That Completed the 24-week Treatment Phase
NCT01627860 (3) [back to overview]	Dosage Administration of Topamax During Month 4
NCT01627860 (3) [back to overview]	Seizure Free Rate: Percentage of Participants Who Did Not Have Any Seizure Episode Within the Last Month of the Maintenance Period (ie, Month 4).
NCT01627860 (3) [back to overview]	Seizure Frequency: Percent Change of Seizure Frequency by the ANCOVA Model During the Month 4
NCT01641445 (4) [back to overview]	Alcohol Use
NCT01641445 (4) [back to overview]	Alcohol Use
NCT01641445 (4) [back to overview]	Heavy Drinking Days
NCT01641445 (4) [back to overview]	Alcohol Use
NCT01682681 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Received Topiramate as First Mono-therapy, Second Mono-therapy or Add-on Therapy
NCT01682681 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Received Concomitant Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs)
NCT01682681 (5) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Retained to Topiramate Treatment
NCT01682681 (5) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Reduction in Seizure Frequency by 50 Percent or More
NCT01682681 (5) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Without Seizure
NCT01689649 (7) [back to overview]	General Clinical Assessment Before and After Treatment
NCT01689649 (7) [back to overview]	Percentage of Seizure Free Participants During the Last 4 Months of Treatment
NCT01689649 (7) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Wiith Reduction in Number of Seizures Greater Than or Equal to 50%, During the Last 4 Months of Treatment
NCT01689649 (7) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Greater Than or Equal to 50%, 75% and 100% Reduction in Seizures With or Without Previous Treatment
NCT01689649 (7) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Greater Than or Equal to 50%, 75% and 100% Reduction in Seizures as Per the Seizure Types (Partial, Secondarily Generalized and Generalized Tonic and Clonic Siezures) After 16 Weeks
NCT01689649 (7) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Greater Than or Equal to 50%, 75% and 100% Reduction in Seizures as Per the Seizure Frequency (Less Than 4, 4 to 10 and Greater Than 10) After 16 Weeks
NCT01689649 (7) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Wiith Reduction in Number of Seizures Greater Than or Equal to 75%, During the Last 4 Months of Treatment
NCT01700387 (13) [back to overview]	Physician Global Impression of Change (PGIC)
NCT01700387 (13) [back to overview]	Subject Estimation of Compliance With Daily Study Drug
NCT01700387 (13) [back to overview]	Subject Global Impression of Change (SGIC)
NCT01700387 (13) [back to overview]	Subject's Migraine Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MSQ) Scores at Baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 Months to Measure Subject's Quality of Life
NCT01700387 (13) [back to overview]	Subject Attrition Post Randomization
NCT01700387 (13) [back to overview]	Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) Scores at Visits 2-6 to Measure Effect of Headache in Subject's Life
NCT01700387 (13) [back to overview]	MEWT Matching to Sample Sub-test Score Percent Change Compared From Baseline to Visits 3-6
NCT01700387 (13) [back to overview]	MEWT Running Memory Continuous Performance Task Sub-test Score Percent Change Compared From Baseline to Visits 3-6
NCT01700387 (13) [back to overview]	MEWT Mathematical Processing Sub-test Score Percent Change Compared From Baseline to Visits 3-6
NCT01700387 (13) [back to overview]	Number of Non-Serious Adverse Events Between Groups
NCT01700387 (13) [back to overview]	Subject's Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) Score Percent Change Compared From Baseline to Visits 3-6
NCT01700387 (13) [back to overview]	MEWT Simple Reaction Time Sub-test Score Percent Change Compared From Baseline to Visits 3-6
NCT01700387 (13) [back to overview]	Number of Headache Days
NCT01749215 (5) [back to overview]	Change in PTSD Symptom Severity as Assessed by the PTSD Checklist (PCL)
NCT01749215 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Risk-taking Behavior as Assessed by the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART)
NCT01749215 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Impulsivity as Assessed by Delay Discounting (DD)
NCT01749215 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Decision-making Behavior as Assessed by the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT)
NCT01749215 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Percentage of Heavy Drinking Days Over the 12 Weeks of Study Treatment as Assessed by the Timeline Followback (TFLB)
NCT01750268 (2) [back to overview]	Change in TBI Symptom Severity as Assessed by the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI)
NCT01750268 (2) [back to overview]	Change in the Number of Drinking Days Per Week as Assessed by the Timeline Followback (TLFB)
NCT01764685 (1) [back to overview]	Number of Heavy Drinking Days Per Week by Medication Group
NCT01789047 (1) [back to overview]	The Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS)
NCT01799590 (10) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Number of Monthly Migraine Attacks as Per 24-hour Rule in the Continuous Treatment Period
NCT01799590 (10) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Number of Monthly Migraine Attacks as Per 48-hour Rule in Continuous Treatment Period
NCT01799590 (10) [back to overview]	Quality of Life (QOL) Questionnaire (Short Form-36 [SF-36]) Score
NCT01799590 (10) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Average Number of Migraine Attacks According to the Diagnostic Criteria of the International Headache Society Per Month in Continuous Treatment Period
NCT01799590 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT01799590 (10) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Response to Treatment
NCT01799590 (10) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Average Number of Monthly Headache Days in Continuous Treatment Period
NCT01799590 (10) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Average Number of Monthly Migraine Attack Days in Continuous Treatment Period
NCT01799590 (10) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Average Number of Monthly Rescue-Drug Treatment Days in Continuous Treatment Period
NCT01799590 (10) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Number of Migraine Attacks as Per 24-hour Rule Over Day 197 to Day 225 in Continuous Treatment Period
NCT01811940 (2) [back to overview]	Three Weeks of Cocaine Abstinence at End of Study
NCT01811940 (2) [back to overview]	Any Three Consecutive Weeks of Abstinence During Study
NCT01834404 (13) [back to overview]	Change in Postprandial Gastric Volume
NCT01834404 (13) [back to overview]	Buffet Meal Intake
NCT01834404 (13) [back to overview]	Solid Gastric Emptying: Proportion of Meal Emptied at 2 Hours
NCT01834404 (13) [back to overview]	Postprandial Gastric Volume
NCT01834404 (13) [back to overview]	Peak Postprandial Level of Total Peptide Tyrosine-Tyrosine (PYY)
NCT01834404 (13) [back to overview]	Peak Postprandial Level of Total Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1)
NCT01834404 (13) [back to overview]	Peak Postprandial Level of Cholecystokinin (CCK)
NCT01834404 (13) [back to overview]	Maximum Tolerated Volume
NCT01834404 (13) [back to overview]	Gastric Emptying of Solids Half-Time (T 1/2)
NCT01834404 (13) [back to overview]	Fasting Ghrelin
NCT01834404 (13) [back to overview]	Fasting Gastric Volume
NCT01834404 (13) [back to overview]	Solid Gastric Emptying: Proportion Remaining at 4 Hours
NCT01834404 (13) [back to overview]	Volume to Fullness
NCT01859013 (1) [back to overview]	Percent Change From Baseline in Body Mass Index at 28-Weeks
NCT01889602 (2) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in COWA Unique Word Count
NCT01889602 (2) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Spontaneous Narrative Raw Word Count
NCT01922934 (4) [back to overview]	Documentation of Obesity
NCT01922934 (4) [back to overview]	Health Care Utilization - Laboratory Measurements
NCT01922934 (4) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Achieved >5% Weight Loss at 12 Months
NCT01922934 (4) [back to overview]	Health Care Utilization - Non-study Clinic Visits
NCT02191579 (4) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) Total Score
NCT02191579 (4) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Frequency of Headache Days Per 28-day Period
NCT02191579 (4) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With a ≥ 50% Decrease From Baseline in the Frequency of Headache Days
NCT02191579 (4) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With a ≥ 70% Decrease From Baseline in the Frequency of Headache Days
NCT02201251 (16) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAE)
NCT02201251 (16) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Weight Z-score up to Month 12
NCT02201251 (16) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Weight Z-score up to Month 1
NCT02201251 (16) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Height Z-score up to Month 9
NCT02201251 (16) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Height Z-score up to Month 3
NCT02201251 (16) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Height Z-score up to Month 12
NCT02201251 (16) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Height Z-score up to Month 1
NCT02201251 (16) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Z-score up to Month 6
NCT02201251 (16) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Content (BMC)-Z Score up to Month 6
NCT02201251 (16) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Weight Z-score up to Month 9
NCT02201251 (16) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Weight Z-score up to Month 6
NCT02201251 (16) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Weight Z-score up to Month 3
NCT02201251 (16) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in BMD Z-score up to Month 12
NCT02201251 (16) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in BMC-Z Score up to Month 12
NCT02201251 (16) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Height Z-score up to Month 6
NCT02201251 (16) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Kidney Stones
NCT02229214 (8) [back to overview]	Percentage of Subjects With a Decrease of >/= 15% in Iohexol Clearance From Baseline to End of Treatment
NCT02229214 (8) [back to overview]	Percentage of Subjects With a Decrease of >/= 15% in Iohexol Clearance From Baseline to 28 Days After End of Treatment
NCT02229214 (8) [back to overview]	Change in Serum Creatinine From Baseline to End of Treatment
NCT02229214 (8) [back to overview]	Change in iGFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate as Measured by Iohexol Clearance) From Baseline to End of Treatment
NCT02229214 (8) [back to overview]	Change in iGFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate as Measured by Iohexol Clearance) From Baseline to 28 Days After End of Treatment
NCT02229214 (8) [back to overview]	Change in Cystatin C From Baseline to 28 Days After End of Treatment
NCT02229214 (8) [back to overview]	Change in Serum Creatinine From Baseline to 28 Days After End of Treatment
NCT02229214 (8) [back to overview]	Change in Cystatin C From Baseline to End of Treatment
NCT02283814 (3) [back to overview]	Cmax - the Maximum Plasma Concentration
NCT02283814 (3) [back to overview]	AUCτ - Cumulative Area Under the Plasma Concentration Time Curve Over the Dosing Interval at Steady State.
NCT02283814 (3) [back to overview]	Tmax - the Time of Occurrence of Cmax
NCT02301416 (9) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients Who do Not Meet the Criteria to Move Forward With Roux en Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB)
NCT02301416 (9) [back to overview]	Percent Weight Change
NCT02301416 (9) [back to overview]	Percent Weight Change
NCT02301416 (9) [back to overview]	Percent Weight Change
NCT02301416 (9) [back to overview]	Percent Weight Change
NCT02301416 (9) [back to overview]	Body Mass Index
NCT02301416 (9) [back to overview]	Body Mass Index
NCT02301416 (9) [back to overview]	Body Mass Index
NCT02301416 (9) [back to overview]	Body Mass Index
NCT02371889 (4) [back to overview]	Adverse Effects in Study Participants (Questionnaire)
NCT02371889 (4) [back to overview]	Numbers of Drinking Days Over 12 Weeks Treatment by Medication Group.
NCT02371889 (4) [back to overview]	Frequency of Heavy Drinking Days Per Day by Medication and Genotype Group (Timeline Follow Back Calendar).
NCT02371889 (4) [back to overview]	Frequency of Heavy Drinking Days by Medication Group (Timeline Follow Back Calendar).
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR)
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR)
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	Matsuda Sensitivity Index Derived From the OGTT(SI OGTT)
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	OGTT Mean Blood Glucose (MBG)
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	Oral Disposition (Insulin Sensitivity-insulin Secretion) Index
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	Total Body Fat (%) by DEXA
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	Total Cholesterol Levels
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	Total Fat Mass (kg) Evaluated by DEXA
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	Total Testosterone Concentrations
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	Triglyceride (TRG) Levels
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	Absolute Body Weight
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	Android-Gynoid Ratio (AGR) as Determined by DEXA
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	Body Mass Index (BMI)
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	Trunk/Leg Fat Ratio by DEXA
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	Central Adiposity (Waist Circumference)
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	Change in Percent Body Weight
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	Corrected First Phase Insulin Secretion (IGI/HOMA-IR)
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S) Levels
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	Fasting Blood Glucose
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	Fasting Insulin Sensitivity (HOMA-IR)
NCT02635386 (23) [back to overview]	Free Androgen Index (FAI)
NCT02707965 (5) [back to overview]	Mean AUC0-last_ss (Test vs. Reference)
NCT02707965 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Adverse Events
NCT02707965 (5) [back to overview]	Mean Cmax_ss (Test vs. Reference)
NCT02707965 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Seizures Reported
NCT02707965 (5) [back to overview]	Mean Cmin_ss (Test vs. Reference)
NCT02714062 (15) [back to overview]	Change in OGTT of Fasting and 2-hour Glucose
NCT02714062 (15) [back to overview]	Change in Lipid Parameters
NCT02714062 (15) [back to overview]	Change in Blood Pressure
NCT02714062 (15) [back to overview]	Change in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Hunger Scores
NCT02714062 (15) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Topiramate
NCT02714062 (15) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Phentermine
NCT02714062 (15) [back to overview]	Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vc/F) of Phentermine and Topiramate
NCT02714062 (15) [back to overview]	Apparent Clearance (CL/F) of Phentermine and Topiramate
NCT02714062 (15) [back to overview]	Weight Loss
NCT02714062 (15) [back to overview]	Change in HOMA-IR
NCT02714062 (15) [back to overview]	Change in Waist Circumference
NCT02714062 (15) [back to overview]	Change in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Satiety Scores
NCT02714062 (15) [back to overview]	Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of Topiramate
NCT02714062 (15) [back to overview]	Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of Phentermine
NCT02714062 (15) [back to overview]	Change in Whole Body Insulin Sensitivity Index (WBISI) (Matsuda)
NCT02878798 (12) [back to overview]	Peroneal Motor Conduction Velocity (PMCV)
NCT02878798 (12) [back to overview]	Serum Triglycerides (TRG)
NCT02878798 (12) [back to overview]	Sural Sensory Amplitude (SSA)
NCT02878798 (12) [back to overview]	Body Mass Index (BMI)
NCT02878798 (12) [back to overview]	Hemoglobin A1C
NCT02878798 (12) [back to overview]	HDL Cholesterol
NCT02878798 (12) [back to overview]	Brief Pain Inventory - Diabetic Neuropathy (BPI-DN) Pain Interference
NCT02878798 (12) [back to overview]	Utah Early Neuropathy Scale
NCT02878798 (12) [back to overview]	Brief Pain Inventory - Diabetic Neuropathy (BPI-DN) Average Pain Intensity
NCT02878798 (12) [back to overview]	LDL Cholesterol
NCT02878798 (12) [back to overview]	Intraepidermal Nerve Fiber Density (IENFD)
NCT02878798 (12) [back to overview]	Norfolk Quality of Life - Diabetic Neuropathy
NCT03018704 (1) [back to overview]	Percent Days of Heavy Drinking
NCT03176953 (2) [back to overview]	Timeline Followback Interview (TLFB)
NCT03176953 (2) [back to overview]	CAPS-5 Change
NCT03308669 (5) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With One or More Serious Adverse Event(s) (SAEs) Considered by the Investigator to be Related to Study Drug Administration
NCT03308669 (5) [back to overview]	Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum Observed Drug Concentration (Cmax) of Topiramate When Administered Alone on Day 13 and When Coadministered With Lasmiditan on Day 14
NCT03308669 (5) [back to overview]	PK: Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve During One Dosing Interval (AUC [Tau]) of Topiramate When Administered Alone on Day 13 and When Coadministered With Lasmiditan on Day 14
NCT03308669 (5) [back to overview]	PK: Maximum Observed Drug Concentration (Cmax) of Lasmiditan When Administered Alone on Day 1 and When Coadministered With Topiramate on Day 14
NCT03308669 (5) [back to overview]	PK: Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Zero to Infinity AUC(0-∞) of Lasmiditan When Administered Alone on Day 1 and When Coadministered With Topiramate on Day 14
NCT03335163 (1) [back to overview]	Serum Etonogestrel Concentrations
NCT03374956 (3) [back to overview]	Percentage of Responders
NCT03374956 (3) [back to overview]	Change in Total Body Weight
NCT03374956 (3) [back to overview]	Percentage of Responders
NCT03712917 (2) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Scale
NCT03712917 (2) [back to overview]	Attack Frequencies
NCT03767062 (2) [back to overview]	Attack Frequencies
NCT03767062 (2) [back to overview]	Visual Analog Scale
NCT03828539 (4) [back to overview]	Proportion of Patients With Treatment Discontinuation Due to an Adverse Event (AE) During the Double-blind Treatment Epoch/Period (DBTE)
NCT03828539 (4) [back to overview]	EXPLORATORY ENDPOINT: Proportion of Patients Achieving at Least a 5 Points Increase in the Medical Outcome Short Form Health Survey Version 2 (SF-36) From Baseline to Week 24
NCT03828539 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With at Least 50% Reduction From Baseline in Monthly Migraine Days (MMD) Over the Last Three Months (Month 4, 5, and 6)
NCT03828539 (4) [back to overview]	EXPLORATORY ENDPOINT: Proportion of Patients Achieving at Least a 5 Points Reduction in the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) From Baseline to Week 24
NCT03922945 (11) [back to overview]	Change in Whole Body Insulin Sensitivity Index (WBISI) (Matsuda) at Week 56
NCT03922945 (11) [back to overview]	Mean % Change in Body Mass Index (BMI)
NCT03922945 (11) [back to overview]	Percentage of Subjects Achieving at Least 10% BMI Reduction at Week 56
NCT03922945 (11) [back to overview]	Percentage of Subjects Achieving at Least 5% BMI Reduction at Week 56
NCT03922945 (11) [back to overview]	Percentage of Subjects Achieving at Least 15% BMI Reduction at Week 56
NCT03922945 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 56
NCT03922945 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 56
NCT03922945 (11) [back to overview]	Change in Fasting Insulin at Week 56
NCT03922945 (11) [back to overview]	Change in Waist Circumference at Week 56
NCT03922945 (11) [back to overview]	Percent Change in HDL-C From Baseline to Week 56
NCT03922945 (11) [back to overview]	Percent Change in Triglycerides From Baseline to Week 56
NCT04408586 (8) [back to overview]	Change in Step Count
NCT04408586 (8) [back to overview]	Change in SF-12 Physical Score (Health-related Quality Quality of Life)
NCT04408586 (8) [back to overview]	Change in SF-12 Mental Score (Health-related Quality Quality of Life)
NCT04408586 (8) [back to overview]	Change in Calories
NCT04408586 (8) [back to overview]	Body Weight Change
NCT04408586 (8) [back to overview]	Tracker Usage
NCT04408586 (8) [back to overview]	Body Weight Change
NCT04408586 (8) [back to overview]	Exercise Sessions

Cocaine Withdrawal Symptoms Measured by Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment.

Total cssa score at the end of the medication phase of the trial. The CSSA is a measure of cocaine withdrawal severity. The minimum score is 0 the maximum score is 119. Higher score means more severe cocaine withdrawal symptoms (NCT00167245)
Timeframe: 13 weeks

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Group 1	9.9
Group 2	8.4

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
	Obsessions	Compulsions	Total
Placebo	12.95	12.27	25.23
Topiramate	12.65	11.10	23.75

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
	Attentional	Motor	Non-planning	Total
Placebo	17.41	23.85	30.38	71.66
Topiramate	16.83	22.32	29.00	68.14

Intervention	Mean percent days abstinent per week (Mean)
	Mean percent days abstinent per week at baseline	Mean percent days abstinent per week at Visit 12
Topiramate/BBCET	20	76.2

Intervention	Drinks/day (Mean)
	Mean drinks per day at baseline	Mean drinks per day at Visit 12
Topiramate/BBCET	10.95	0.68

Intervention	Binge eating episodes/week (Mean)
	Mean weekly binge eating episodes at baseline	Mean weekly binge eating episodes at Visit 12
Topiramate/BBCET	3.7	1

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Number of subjects completed through Visit 4	Number of subjects completed through Visit 12
Topiramate/BBCET	5	3

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Week 6	Week 7	Week 8	Week 9	Week 10	Week 11	Week 12
Placebo Oral Tablet	49	48	45	41	33	38	32
Topiramate	49	43	46	40	38	36	34

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Week 1	Week 2	Week 3	Week 4	Week 5	Week 6	Week 7	Week 8	Week 9	Week 10	Week 11	Week 12
Placebo Oral Tablet	53	50	50	50	51	49	48	45	41	33	38	32
Topiramate	58	56	55	55	56	49	43	46	40	38	36	34

Intervention	kg (Mean)
Experimental Group: Topiramate Group	2.8
Comparator Group: Placebo Group	6.4

Intervention	percent weight loss (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	1.7
PHEN 7.5 mg	5.5
TPM 46 mg	5.1
VI-0521 Mid	8.5
PHEN 15 mg	6.1
TPM 92 mg	6.4
VI-0521 Top	9.2

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Placebo	15.5
PHEN 7.5 mg	43.3
TPM 46 mg	39.2
VI-0521 Mid	62.1
PHEN 15 mg	46.2
TPM 92 mg	48.6
VI-0521 Top	66.0

Intervention	Mean Abstinent Days Per Week (Mean)
Topiramate CC Genotype	2.41
Placebo CC Genotype	1.02
Topiramate AC Genotype	1.51
Placebo AC Genotype	1.44
Topiramate AA Genotype	2.26
Placebo AA Genotype	2.49

Intervention	Standard Drinks per day (Mean)
Total Topiramate Group	2.9859
Total Placebo Group	3.5523
3 Month Post Treatment Topiramate Group	2.6129
3 Month Post Treatment Placebo Group	2.7560
6 Month Post Treatment Topiramate Group	2.6448
6 Month Post Treatment Placebo Group	2.8377

Intervention	percentage of positive urine samples (Number)
1 Topiramate + CR	45.4
2 Topiramate + NonCR	42.7
3 Placebo + CR	53.5
4 Placebo + NonCR	46.5

Intervention	Dollars (Mean)
1 Topiramate + CR	421.25
2 Topiramate + NonCR	343.26
3 Placebo + CR	394.69
4 Placebo + NonCR	203.51

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Placebo (Sugar Pill)	5.7
Topiramate	4.9
Topiramate and Nicotine Patch	6.8

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Topiramate Plus Propranolol, no Prior, Stable Topiramate	12.9
Topiramate Plus Placebo, no Prior, Stable Topiramate	5.9
Topiramate Plus Propranolol, Prior, Stable Topiramate	-11.5
Topiramate Plus Placebo, Prior, Stable Topiramate	11.0

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Topiramate Plus Propranolol	-3.18
Topiramate Plus Placebo	-3.46

Intervention	Dollars (US) (Mean)
	Preventive Medication Taken	Rescue Medication Taken	All Study Medication Taken
Frovatriptan	101.41	59.94	161.35
Topiramate	343.56	38.33	381.89

Intervention	Headache Days (Mean)
	Treatment Month 1	Treatment Month 2
Frovatriptan	3.96	3.42
Topiramate	4.20	1.75

topiramate

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Clinical Trials (267)

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Cocaine Withdrawal Symptoms Measured by Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment.

Number of Heavy Drinking Days

Percent of Participants Abstinent From Cocaine During Last 3 Weeks of 13 Week Trial

The Penn Alcohol Craving Scale

Change From Baseline in Total Tic Score at Day 70

Change in TTS

Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale

The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale

Obsession Component of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale for Pathological Gambling (PG-YBOCS)

Obsession Component of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale for Pathological Gambling (PG-YBOCS)

Gambling-Symptom Assessment Scale Total Score

Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11

Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11

Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS)

Mean Percent Days Abstinent Per Week at Baseline vs. Visit 12

Mean Drinks Per Day at Baseline vs. Visit 12

Mean Binge Eating Episodes Per Week at Baseline vs. Visit 12

Compliance With Study Requirements: Attendance at Treatment Sessions

Compliance With Study Requirements: Topiramate Level

Phonetic Portion of the Controlled Word Association Test (COWAT)

The Primary Outcome Measure Will be Subjects Ethanol Consumption Over the Course of the Drug Treatment Period as Assessed by the Timeline Followback Method

Abstinence (Weeks 6 - 12)

Abstinence (Weeks 1 - 12)

Change in Percent Days of Cannabis Use Per Week

Change in Joints Per Week

Change in Body Mass Index (BMI)

Change in Body Weight

Three Weeks of Continuous Cocaine Abstinence as Measured by Urine Toxicology and Self Report Based on Time Line Follow Back

Percent Heavy Drinking Days

Drinks Per Drinking Day

Drinks Per Day

Percentage of Days Abstinent

Percent Weight Loss From Baseline to Week 56

Percentage of Subjects With at Least 5% Weight Loss at Week 56

Percent Weight Loss From Baseline to Week 28

Percentage of Subjects With at Least 5% Weight Loss at Week 28 With LOCF

Amount of Alcohol Consumed

Effect of Treatment on Mood Symptoms

HbA1c Change From Baseline Week 0 to Week 56

Percent Weight Loss From Baseline to Week 56

Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) at End of Treatment

Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) at Midpoint

Mean Abstinent Days Per Week by Medication Group

Mean Abstinent Days Per Week by Medication Group and rs2832407 Genotype

Mean Heavy Drinking Days Per Week by Medication Group

Mean Heavy Drinking Days Per Week by Medication Group and rs2832407 Genotype

Severity of Alcohol-related Problems at End of Treatment

Intervention	Score on a Scale (Mean)
	Efficacy	Functionality	Ease of Use	Cost	Bothersomeness of Side Effects	Total Score
Frovatriptan	75.1977	76.3648	92.6989	59.0886	95.5398	81.1417
Topiramate	76.7857	77.8214	91.6607	81.2536	95.1786	82.0925

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Migraine Attacks Treatment Month 1	Headache Days Treatment Month 1	Migraine Attacks Treatment Month 2	Headache Days Treatment Month 2
Frovatriptan	13	9	15	13
Topiramate	11	7	15	16

Intervention	Score on a Scale (Mean)
	Role Function Restrictive - Baseline	Role Function Restrictive - Treatment Month 1	Role Function Restrictive - Treatment Month 2	Role Function Preventive - Baseline	Role Function Preventive - Treatment Month 1	Role Function Preventive - Treatment Month 2	Emotional Function - Baseline	Emotional Function - Treatment Month 1	Emotional Function - Treatment Month 2
Frovatriptan	59.88	66.48	71.84	77.50	79.25	84.96	64.71	73.18	75.10
Topiramate	56.00	80.29	86.64	77.75	85.25	93.95	60.67	80.00	91.46

Intervention	visits (Mean)
	Number of visits to a specialist (n=94)	Number of visits to the emergency room (n=79)
All Antiepileptic Drugs	-0.6	-0.3

Intervention	scores on scale (Mean)
	Sleep disturbance	Snoring	Awake short of breath	Quantity	Adequacy	Somnolence	Sleep problems (summary 6)	Sleep problems (summary 9)
All Antiepileptic Drugs	-1.7	0.0	1.1	0.2	2.8	0.6	-0.9	-0.9

Intervention	percent of participants (Number)
	Reduced	Maintained	Increased
All Antiepileptic Drugs	0.0	100.0	0.0

Intervention	percent of participants (Number)
	Stopped Usual Occupation	Required Informal Caregiver	Required Admission to ICU
All Antiepileptic Drugs	16.2	6.6	0.0

Intervention	percent of participants (Number)
	Month 3: >=25%	Month 3: >=75%	Month 6: >= 25%	Month 6: >=75%
All Antiepileptic Drugs	86.7	27.8	86.7	54.4

Intervention	scores on scale (Mean)
	Energy	Emotions (mood)	Daily activities	Mental function	Medication effects (physical/ mental)	Worry about seizures (impact of seizures)	Overall quality of life
All Antiepileptic Drugs	0.4	0.7	0.6	1.2	-1.1	9.0	3.8

Intervention	Number of Words Produced (Mean)
	Baseline	Week 12
Levetiracetam	20.9	21.2
Sugar Pill	21.6	20.8
Topiramate	21.9	17.0
Zonisamide	22.6	17.4