The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)
| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|
| "Methemoglobinemia is an uncommon cause of cyanosis." | ( Hoffman, RS; Laney, RF, 1992) |
| "Hereditary methemoglobinemia is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase (b5R) deficiency." | ( Fukumaki, Y; Inoue, J; Kobayashi, Y; Sakaki, Y; Yubisui, T, 1990) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a condition in which more than 2% of the hemoglobin of the blood has been oxidized to the ferric form, a molecule which is incapable of binding oxygen or carbon dioxide." | ( Chin, J; Linares, LA; Peretz, TY, 1990) |
| "In most cases methemoglobinemia is transitory and of no major clinical consequence." | ( Mansouri, A, 1985) |
| "A case of methemoglobinemia is reported in one such patient treated with dapsone." | ( Iserson, KV, 1985) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is reviewed briefly with particular reference to prilocaine." | ( Kinni, ME; Kreutz, RW, 1983) |
| "8 cases of methemoglobinemia are observed in infants of 28 days to 138 days of age, who have all acute diarrhea." | ( Blanc, JP; Geyssant, A; Lauras, B; Teyssier, G, 1983) |
| "Aniline-induced methemoglobinemia is less responsive to treatment with methylene blue than nitrate- or nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia." | ( Hardy, WR; Jeffery, WH; Zelicoff, AP, 1982) |
| "Infantile methemoglobinemia is of much more frequent occurrence among hospitalized newborns and young infants than is generally appreciated." | ( Hegesh, E; Shiloah, J, 1982) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is caused by many factors, both congenital and acquired." | ( Bourke, DL; Mackenzie, CF; Sprung, J; Thomas, P, 1994) |
| "Because toxic methemoglobinemia is easily treated, our report emphasizes the need to recognize this problem when topically applied anesthetic sprays are used." | ( Dinneen, SF; Fairbanks, VF; Mohr, DN, 1994) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is an uncommon disorder in which hemoglobin is not oxidized and not capable of binding oxygen." | ( , 1994) |
| "Mild methemoglobinemia is a known side-effect of one of the constituents of EMLA cream, this topical local anesthetic is used with great caution in neonates." | ( Dhabhi, S; el Hanache, A; Gourrier, E; Karoubi, P; Leraillez, J; Merbouche, S; Mouchnino, G, 1995) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a condition in which hemoglobin is oxidized to the ferric form." | ( Kuhn, RJ; Tush, GM, 1996) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a potentially fatal condition." | ( Chan, TY, 1996) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a well-known side effect of nitric oxide inhalation." | ( Bauer, J; Demirakca, S; Dötsch, J; Hamm, R; Knothe, C; Kühl, PG; Rascher, W, 1997) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is usually treated with methylene blue; however, in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, methylene blue can induce methemoglobinemia." | ( Bilgin, H; Bilgin, T; Ozcan, B, 1998) |
| "Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia is a potentially life-threatening complication." | ( Figueredo, VM; Ho, RT; Nanevicz, T; Yee, R, 1998) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a rare cause, sometimes with lethal outcome." | ( Demirel, H; Koot, MJ; Koster, VS; Ponssen, HH; van Vliet, AC, 1999) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a rare complication in individuals exposed to nitrates or nitrites." | ( Chou, TD; Engrav, LH; Gibran, NS; Heimbach, DM; Lin, EY; Urdahl, K, 1999) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is an uncommon but important complication associated with the use of topical anesthetics." | ( Arsura, EL; Gupta, PM; Lala, DS, 2000) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is an uncommon cause of cyanosis; however, rapid diagnosis is critical to avoid potentially fatal consequences." | ( Dunn, BM; Kern, K; Langevin, PB, 2000) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a condition characterized by increased level of methemoglobin in the erythrocytes and brownish cyanosis." | ( Bhupalam, L; Mary, AM, 2000) |
| "Hereditary methemoglobinemia is due either to autosomal dominant M hemoglobins or to autosomal recessive enzymopenic methemoglobinemia." | ( Chotivitayatarakorn, P; Pongpunlert, W; Shotelersuk, V; Tosukhowong, P, 2000) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is an unusual and potentially fatal condition in which hemoglobin is oxidized to methemoglobin and loses its ability to bind and transport oxygen." | ( , 2002) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a potential negative side effect associated with the use of benzocaine for topical anesthesia." | ( Norman, D; Rinehart, RS, 2003) |
| "Congenital methemoglobinemia is a relatively rare clinical disorder characterized by life-long cyanosis, caused by either an inherited mutant hemoglobin (Hb-M) or deficiency of physiologically active NADH-dependent methemoglobin reductase (NADH-MR)." | ( Colah, RB; Ghosh, K; Kedar, PS; Mohanty, D, 2002) |
| "Acquired methemoglobinemia is a treatable condition that causes significant morbidity and even mortality." | ( Ash-Bernal, R; Wise, R; Wright, SM, 2004) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a known complication of dapsone, but its true frequency and pathogenesis in childhood cancer patients are unknown." | ( Athale, UH; Barr, RD; Hoyer, JD; MacDonald, P; Williams, S, 2005) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a rare complication that can occur with the use of benzocaine-containing compounds." | ( Armstrong, C; Beck, PL; Burak, KW, 2004) |
| "Acute methemoglobinemia is a rare but potentially lethal complication of benzocaine administration." | ( Delarso, B; Henry, LR; Pizzini, M; Ridge, JA, 2004) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a rare but potentially fatal condition that may be either acquired or congenital; however, the disorder is most commonly acquired secondary to exposure to oxidizing chemicals, which are often routinely prescribed medications, including benzocaine." | ( Flynn, JD; Jahania, MS; LeClaire, AC; Mullett, TW, 2005) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a rare disorder most commonly associated with the ingestion or topical application of an offending exogenous agent." | ( Bristol, I; Brown, J; Eifel, PJ; Shannon, VR; Slomovitz, BM, 2005) |
| "Acquired or toxic methemoglobinemia is an uncommon complication of topically administered anesthetic agents in patients of all ages-but particularly in pediatric and elderly patients." | ( Birchem, SK, 2005) |
| "Although methemoglobinemia is an uncommon disorder, it should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of cyanosis." | ( Adachi, H; Ishihara, S; Kaneko, K; Kawano, Y; Morikawa, S; Noma-Tanaka, S; Suyama, H, 2005) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a complication of benzocaine toxicity." | ( Gordon, AM; Logan, BK, 2005) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is an uncommon cause of tissue hypoxemia that can be life-threatening if not promptly identified and treated." | ( Glick, N; Jacka, MJ; Kruger, M, 2006) |
| "Acutely developing methemoglobinemia is infrequently encountered in clinical practice." | ( Hegedus, F; Herb, K, 2005) |
| "Acquired methemoglobinemia is a rare but severe condition associated with oxidizing stressors, most notably medications." | ( Azoulay, E; Darmon, M; Lavergne, S; Levy, V, 2006) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is not a rare condition arising from the exposure to hemoglobin-oxidizing agents such as nitrates-nitrites present in well water or vegetables." | ( Castagno, E; Cresi, F; Farinasso, D; Guidi, C; Maccario, S; Mussa, GC; Savino, F; Silvestro, L, 2006) |
| "Benzocaine induced methemoglobinemia is an uncommon, potentially fatal condition." | ( Ananthasubramaniam, K; Jaffery, Z, 2008) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a common toxicity of this combination and requires close monitoring." | ( Delaney, SM; Dolan, ME; Gajria, D; Karrison, TG; Larson, RA; Odenike, OM; Ratain, MJ; Stock, W, 2008) |
| "If methemoglobinemia is left untreated, it may be fatal." | ( Young, B, 2008) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is an abnormal elevation of MHb levels resulting in impaired oxygen delivery to tissues as well as a left shift of the oxygen-Hb dissociation curve." | ( Coplan, NL; Gintautas, J; Jiminez, MA; Patel, K; Polena, S, 2007) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is explained as well as its presentation and treatment with MB." | ( Holt, DW; McRobb, CM, 2008) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a rare but potentially lethal complication of local anesthetics." | ( Boran, P; Tokuc, G; Yegin, Z, 2008) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is an uncommon cause of tissue hypoxia, but it can be life threatening if it is not identified and treated promptly." | ( Baldauf, M; Batra, R; Boruchov, D; Chung, NY; Itzkevitch, M, 2010) |
| "Type II methemoglobinemia is a somatic deficiency of cytochrome b5 reductase with severe global neurologic impairment." | ( Holden, KR; Hudspeth, MP; Joseph, S, 2010) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a recognized complication of topical anesthesia with benzocaine during transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)." | ( Das, S; Manchanda, S; Vallurupalli, S, 2010) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a fatal complication of local anesthesia." | ( Doko, Y; Fujii, K; Hatano, Y; Iranami, H; Shimogai, M; Yamazaki, A, 2010) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a rare finding following phosphine poisoning." | ( Abdollahi, M; Ghasemi-Toussi, A; Hassanian-Moghadam, H; Rahimzadeh, H; Sadeghi, A; Shadnia, S; Soltaninejad, K; Zamani, N, 2011) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a potentially lethal condition which may result from exposure to benzocaine." | ( Orr, DL; Orr, TM, 2011) |
| "Type I methemoglobinemia is characterized by CYB5R3 enzyme deficiency restricted to erythrocytes and is associated with benign cyanosis." | ( Koul, PA; Lingam, B; Lorenzo, FR; Nussenzveig, R; Phillips, JD; Prchal, JT; Schrier, SL, 2011) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is characterized by varying degrees of cyanosis due to increased hemoglobin concentrations containing oxidized iron." | ( Dindar, A; Ergül, Y; Kalkandelen, S; Nişli, K, 2011) |
| "More often methemoglobinemia is acquired as a result of accidental or intentional poisoning due to chemical substances oxidizing hemoglobin." | ( Bazylewicz, A; Kicka, M; Kłopotowski, T; Miśkiewicz, Ł; Picheta, S, 2010) |
| "Acquired methemoglobinemia is a common, potentially fatal syndrome that can occur as a result of exposure to numerous xenobiotics." | ( Canning, J; Levine, M, 2011) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a rare congenital or acquired disease of increased blood methemoglobin concentration." | ( Adamkiewicz-Drozynska, E; Balcerska, A; Kaczorowska-Hac, B; Kozlowska, M; Stachowicz-Stencel, T; Stefanowicz, J, 2012) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is an acute and potentially life-threatening condition." | ( Kuusela, J; Laine, H; Pohjanpaju, SM; Seppälä, J, 2012) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a rare pathology that results from the oxidation of iron in the hemoglobin molecule." | ( Bergmans, D; Hall, A; Schnabel, R; Stessel, B, 2012) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a disease that results from abnormally high levels of methemoglobin (MetHb) in the red blood cell (RBC), which is caused by simultaneous uptake of oxygen (O(2)) and nitric oxide (NO) in the human lungs." | ( Chakraborty, S; Sanyal, T, 2013) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a rare but serious disorder, defined as an increase in oxidized hemoglobin resulting in a reduction of oxygen-carrying capacity." | ( Adra, M; Aronson, MD; Barnett, S; Bhansali, AM; Bukoye, B; Carbo, AR; Chowdhary, S; Leffler, DA, 2013) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a potentially life-threatening complication of local anesthetic sprays employed in upper endoscopy." | ( Ainsworth, CR; Fincher, RK; Hall, NM; Jones, FJ, 2013) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is an uncommon cause of cyanosis; however, anesthesiologists should be aware that some drugs used during perioperative period (e." | ( Hamabe, N; Ishii, A; Iura, A; Kagawa, K; Ono, R; Shimaoka, M; Sonoda, S; Tanigami, H; Yasue, Y, 2013) |
| "Drug-induced methemoglobinemia is a well-described entity but has not been previously associated with elevated troponins in the absence of cardiac symptoms." | ( Cannon, RD; Jacoby, JL; Wagner, M, 2014) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a rare disorder preferentially affecting children." | ( Bodson, L; D'Orio, V; Douin, C; Ghuysen, A; Piazza, J, 2014) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a rare condition in which the iron in hemoglobin is stabilized in the ferric (Fe(3+)) form, making it unable to bind oxygen and leading to tissue hypoxia and possibly death." | ( Barash, M; Rademaker, D; Reich, KA, 2015) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a relatively rare, but potentially life-threating medical condition, which may be induced by application of topical anaesthetic agents commonly used during endoscopic procedure." | ( Filipiak-Strzecka, D; Kasprzak, JD; Lipiec, P; Walusiak-Skorupa, J; Wiszniewska, M, 2015) |
| "While methemoglobinemia is a possible complication of chronic dapsone therapy or of acute overdose, serious adverse manifestations related to methemoglobin formation remain rare." | ( Hantson, P; Hanuschk, D; Kozyreff, A; Saint-Marcoux, F; Tafzi, N; Tennstedt, D, 2015) |
| "Severe methemoglobinemia is a life-threatening condition that demands immediate treatment." | ( Han, C; Ni, L; Wang, X; Ye, C; Yu, C; Zhang, J; Zhang, Y, 2016) |
| "Acquired methemoglobinemia is a potentially fatal condition that leads to tissue hypoxia." | ( Ahn, S; Kim, WY; Kim, YJ; Lee, JH; Lee, YS; Lim, KS; Oh, BJ; Ryoo, SM; Seo, DW; Sohn, CH, 2016) |
| "Type I congenital methemoglobinemia is an autosomal recessive disorder." | ( Ammosova, TN; Burtseva, TE; Protopopova, NN; Slobodchikova, MP; Yakovleva, SY, 2017) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a serious medical condition characterized by the disrupted binding of oxygen to iron on hemoglobin, with a consequent impaired oxygen delivery to body tissues." | ( Rivey, MP; Sewell, CR, 2018) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a rare but potentially lethal complication of local anesthetics." | ( Arslan, Z; Bas, AY; Celik, IH; Demirel, N; Erol, S, 2017) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a potentially fatal condition, mainly acquired after intoxication by certain drugs." | ( Lopes, D; Queirós, C; Salvador, P; Ventura, A, 2017) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a well-recognized adverse drug reaction related to the use of certain local anesthetic agents." | ( Baby, N; Faust, AC; Guy, E; Ortegon, A, 2018) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a condition characterized by a high blood concentration of methemoglobin." | ( Capurso, C; Larroca, MC; Matsuda, M; Paccor, A; Rizzo, E, 2018) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is characterized by an increased level of methemoglobin (MetHb) in the peripheral blood." | ( Heinig, B; Koch, A; Wollina, U, 2019) |
| "Congenital methemoglobinemia is a rare condition caused by cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency, cytochrome b5 deficiency, or hemoglobin M disease." | ( Baker, N; Ewer, AK; Motwani, J; Nash, M; Toldi, G; Ward, J, 2019) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a rare dyshemoglobinemia that can be difficult to diagnose due to its nonspecific symptomatology and infrequent occurrence." | ( Blomkalns, A; Iams, A; Vu, S, 2019) |
| "Acquired methemoglobinemia is rare, yet can still be seen in medical settings, and when an infant is exposed to nitrate in well water above 10 mg/L." | ( Fossen Johnson, S, 2019) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a rare and potentially life-threatening medical emergency that can be overlooked when evaluating a patient in respiratory distress." | ( Gooden, J; Harlow, S; Kasting, N; Tenbarge, C; Wallace, M, 2019) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a rare disorder of the blood in which there is an increase in methemoglobin, which occurs when hemoglobin is present in the oxidized form." | ( Bloom, A; Faisal, H; Gaber, AO, 2020) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is reportedly caused by the administration of prilocaine at a dose of ≥8 mg/kg." | ( Fujisawa, T; Hojo, T; Kimura, Y; Ohiwa, D, 2020) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is rare condition of hem iron." | ( Blahutová, Š; Černohorský, R; Káňová, M; Kořístek, Z; Mičkal, T; Střelka, M; Táborský, J, 2020) |
| "Acquired methemoglobinemia is a rare, but important cause of tissue hypoxemia, which often results from commonly prescribed medications." | ( Ali, R; Kadhem, S; Mannemuddhu, SS; Ruchi, R, 2021) |
| "Congenital methemoglobinemia is a rare disease characterized by cyanosis and a left shifting of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve." | ( Adams, D; Jung, F; Konig, G; Lim, G; Romeo, RC; Yin, W, 2021) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a rare condition with serious consequences if not diagnosed." | ( Barnafi, E; Jara, A; Rojas, V; Sepúlveda, RA, 2020) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a rare cause of neonatal cyanosis in the newborn." | ( Alers, NO; Leijten, A; Ten Brink, F; van de Laar, R; van der Heijden, HHACM; Wieland, BV, 2021) |
| "Neonatal methemoglobinemia is a rare and potentially fatal complication of local anesthetics, particularly prilocaine, administered to the mother during childbirth." | ( Alers, NO; Leijten, A; Ten Brink, F; van de Laar, R; van der Heijden, HHACM; Wieland, BV, 2021) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a rare, but oft-cited, systemic complication of Ce-SSD." | ( Garg, G; Johnson, LS; Keyloun, JW; McLawhorn, MM; Moffatt, LT; Reese, AD; Shupp, JW; Travis, TE, 2022) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is the result of inappropriate oxidation of hemoglobin iron groups, leading to a failure of oxygen transport and delivery, resulting in a clinical state of refractory hypoxia." | ( Allain, D; Duff, JP; Finn, K; Hill, J; Jiwani, F; Khaira, GK; Oliva, MA; Sajko, N, 2022) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is an excess of oxidized hemoglobin in the blood, affecting oxygen transportation." | ( Bourmanne, E; Bruteyn, J; Dolip, W; Sonck, E, 2022) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a common complication of dapsone poisoning." | ( Alilou, M; Benhalima, A; Chajai, I; El Arfaoui, M; El Hamzaoui, H; El Ouazzani, MC, 2022) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a common complication of dapsone poisoning." | ( Alilou, M; Benhalima, A; Chajai, I; El Arfaoui, M; El Hamzaoui, H; El Ouazzani, MC, 2022) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a life-threatening disorder, with levels above 1 percent considered abnormal and typically resulting from drug or toxic substance exposure." | ( Aygün, A; Kaya, Y; Özbilen, M; Savrun, ŞT, 2024) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is an acquired or inherited condition resulting from oxidative stress or dysfunction of the NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase or associated pathways." | ( Bogdanov, N; Bogdanova, A; Giger, U; Hofmann-Lehmann, R; Jagannathan, V; Jenni, S; Lapsina, S; Leeb, T; Ludwig-Peisker, O; Schetle, N; Stirn, M, 2023) |
| "Methemoglobinemia is a condition in which methemoglobin is increased and the oxygen carrying capacity of tissues is decreased, causing a lack of oxygen to the whole body." | ( Hirose, T; Ito, H; Matsumoto, H; Mitsuhara, C; Nakao, S; Oda, J; Ogura, H; Okuzaki, D; Togami, Y, 2023) |
| "Acquired methemoglobinemia is a potentially lethal medical condition caused by exposure to oxidizing xenobiotics, including antibiotics such as dapsone and inhaled anesthetics such as benzocaine." | ( Lombardozzi, K; Mathews, T; Mentzer, C; Morrow, C; Tackett, N; Thurston, B, 2023) |
| "Drug-induced methemoglobinemia is a well-known phenomenon as well as induction by poppers (alcylnitrites substance group)." | ( Girrbach, F; Ventzke, MM, 2023) |