Compounds > ifosfamide
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ifosfamide

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Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent chemotherapy drug used to treat a variety of cancers, including testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, and soft tissue sarcomas. It is a nitrogen mustard derivative that works by damaging the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from dividing and growing. It is synthesized via a multi-step process involving the reaction of isophosphamide with chloroacetaldehyde and then with N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amine. While effective, ifosfamide has several side effects, including nausea, vomiting, and hair loss, and it can also damage the kidneys and bladder. Despite its potential toxicities, it is studied due to its effectiveness in treating certain cancers, and researchers continue to investigate ways to reduce its side effects.'

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID3690
CHEMBL ID1024
CHEBI ID5864
SCHEMBL ID4885
MeSH IDM0010999
PubMed CID115161
MeSH IDM0010999

Synonyms (222)

Synonym
1,2-oxazaphosphorine, 3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-, 2-oxide
2,n(sup 1)-bis(2-chloroethyl)diamido-1,3,2-oxazaphosphoridinoxy-
2h-1,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-amine, n,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)tetrahydro-, 2-oxide
wln: t6npotj am2g bo b2g
z4942 ,
z 4942
nsc-109724
3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[(2-chloroethyl)amino]perhydro-2h-1,2-oxazaphosphorine oxide
a 4942
ifex (tn) (bristol meyers)
3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-2h-1,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide
n-(2-chloroethyl)-n'-(2-chloroethyl)-n',o-propylenephosphoric acid diamide
2,n(sup 1)-bis(2-chloroethyl)diamido-1,3,2-oxazaphosphoridinoxyd
2h-1,2-oxazaphosphorine, 3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-, 2-oxide
n-(2-chloroethyl)-n'-(2-chloroethyl)-n',o-propylene phosphoric acid ester diamide
3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[(2-chloroethyl)amino]perhydro-2h-1,2-oxazaphosphorineoxide
AC-2113
isocyclophosphamide
CHEMBL1024
MLS002154021
smr001233348
66849-34-1
AB00513932-07
AB00513932-08
AB00513932-06
ccris 352
1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine, 3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-((2-chloroethyl)amino)tetrahydro-, 2-oxide
n,n-bis(beta-chloroethyl)-amino-n',o-propylene-phosphoric acid ester diamide
ifosfamidum [inn-latin]
n,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)tetrahydro-2h-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-amine 2-oxide
3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[(2-chloroethyl)amino]perhydro-2h-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorineoxide
2h-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-amine, n,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)tetrahydro-, 2-oxide
3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-((2-chloroethyl)amino)perhydro-2h-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine oxide
ifsofamide
n-(2-chloroethyl)-n'-(2-chloroethyl)-n',o-propylenephosphoric acid ester diamide
2,3-(n,n(sup 1)-bis(2-chloroethyl)diamido)-1,3,2-oxazaphosphoridinoxyd
holoxan
2h-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine, 3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-((2-chloroethyl)amino)tetrahydro-, 2-oxide
ifosfamida [inn-spanish]
mjf-9325
n-(2-chloraethyl)-n'-(2-chloraethyl)-n',o-propylen-phosphorsaureester-diamid [german]
iso-endoxan
einecs 223-237-3
hsdb 7023
nsc 109724
3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-2h-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide
brn 0611835
ifex
z-4942 ,
cas-3778-73-2
NCGC00016639-01
PRESTWICK2_000833
NCGC00179435-01
ifosfamid
n-(2-chloroethyl)-n-(3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-oxido-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-2-yl)amine
iphosphamid
n,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-2-amine 2-oxide
holoxan 1000
isoendoxan
iphosphamide
isofosfamide
naxamide
{3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[(2-chloroethyl)amino]perhydro-2h-1,3,} 2-oxazaphosphorine oxide
i-phosphamide
asta z 4942
{3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[(2-
mjf 9325
cyfos
nsc109724
mitoxana
n,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-2-oxo-1,3,2$l^{5}-oxazaphosphinan-2-amine
nci-c01638
PRESTWICK3_000833
BSPBIO_000785
BPBIO1_000865
AB00513932
C07047
ifosfamide ,
isophosphamide
3778-73-2
isosfamide
DB01181
3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-((2-chloroethyl)amino)tetrahydro-2h-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide
ifex (tn)
D00343
ifosfamide (jan/usp/inn)
NCI60_000233
PRESTWICK0_000833
PRESTWICK1_000833
SPBIO_002706
iso endoxan
HMS2090M12
HMS2093N07
ifosfamidum
CHEBI:5864 ,
ifosfamida
STL058690
HMS1570H07
NCGC00179435-03
NCGC00179435-02
HMS2097H07
ifosfamide [usan:usp:inn:ban:jan]
n-(2-chloraethyl)-n'-(2-chloraethyl)-n',o-propylen-phosphorsaureester-diamid
unii-um20qqm95y
um20qqm95y ,
NCGC00256413-01
dtxsid7020760 ,
dtxcid90760
tox21_302775
NCGC00259364-01
tox21_201815
A823873
pharmakon1600-01505480
nsc759154
nsc-759154
tox21_110539
AKOS005711213
HMS2232O10
ifosfamide sterile
ifosphamide
CS-1424
FT-0603650
NCGC00179435-07
AB02316
S1302
BRD-A67097164-001-11-2
3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[(2-chloroethyl)amino]-1,3,2lambda5-oxazaphosphinan-2-one
gtpl7201
HMS3374B08
ifosfamide [mi]
ifosfamide [usp-rs]
ifosfamide [who-dd]
ifosfamide [usan]
ifosfamide [mart.]
ifosfamide [vandf]
ifosfamide [orange book]
ifosfamide [usp monograph]
ifosfamide [ep impurity]
ifosfamide [hsdb]
ifosfamide [inn]
ifosfamide [jan]
ifosfamide [ep monograph]
isophosphamide [iarc]
CCG-213464
HY-17419
BBL028071
SCHEMBL4885
tox21_110539_1
NCGC00179435-06
n,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)tetrahydro-2h-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-2-amine 2-oxide #
3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-((2-chloroethyl)amino)perhydro-2h-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorineoxide
Q-101874
ifomide
ifosfamide, british pharmacopoeia (bp) reference standard
3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-((2-chloroethyl)amino)-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinane 2-oxide
AB00513932_10
AB00513932_09
bdbm189358
n,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-2-oxo-1,3,2$l;{5}-oxazaphosphinan-2-amine
3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[(2-chloroethyl)amino]-1,3,2$l^{5}-oxazaphosphinan-2-one
n,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-2-oxo-1,3,2lambda5-oxazaphosphinan-2-amine
mfcd00057374
sr-05000002022
SR-05000002022-5
ifosfamide, analytical reference material
ifosfamide, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
ifosfamide, >=98%
ifosfamide, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
HMS3654B15
SR-05000002022-3
SR-05000002022-1
ifosfamide; (rs)-n,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-2-amine 2-oxide
ifosfamid a
SBI-0206804.P001
HMS3714H07
SW197177-4
BCP06596
Q418560
n,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)tetrahydro-2h-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-amine-2-oxide
FT-0670282
isophosphamide,(s)
AS-10978
(r)-3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-((2-chloroethyl)amino)-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinane 2-oxide
intermediate of ifosfamide
3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-(2-chloroethylamino)tetrahydro-2h-1,3,2-oxaazaphosphorin 2-oxide
STARBLD0001221
BI166243
ifosfamide - bio-x
ifosfamide in bulk
(2-chloro-ethyl)-[(r)-3-(2-chloro-ethyl)-2-oxo-2lambda5-[1,3,2]oxazaphosphinan-2-yl]-amine
3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-((2-chloroethyl)amino)tetrahydro-2h-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine-2 -oxide
ifosfamide (ep monograph)
asta z-4942
3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-((2-chloroethyl)amino)tetrahydro-2h-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-oxide
ifosfamidum (inn-latin)
2,3-(n,n(,)-bis(2-chloroethyl)diamido)-1,3,2-oxazaphosphoridinoxy
ifosfamide (ep impurity)
l01aa06
seromida
ifolem
tronoxal
n-(2-chloraethyl)-n'-(2 chloroethyl)-n'-o-propylen-phosphorsaeureester-diamid
ifo-cell
n,n-bis(beta-chloroethyl)-amino-n'-o-propylene-phosphoric acid ester diamide
ifoxan
ifosfamide (mart.)
ifosfamide (usp monograph)
ifosfamide (usan:usp:inn:ban:jan)
ifomida
ifosfamide (usp-rs)
isophosphamide (iarc)
2-oxo-n,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl) tetrahydro-2h-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-amine
nci-co1638
holoxane
ifosfamida (inn-spanish)
I0713
EN300-7476797
SY066721
lappaconitine ,
CS-3588
HY-N0383
PD100434

Research Excerpts

Overview

Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent, a synthetic analogue of cyclophosphamide, used to treat various solid cancers. It is an important chemotherapeutic agent used in the therapeutic protocols of many malignant tumors.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent, a synthetic analogue of cyclophosphamide, used to treat various solid cancers. "( Investigation of Ifosfamide Toxicity Induces Common Upstream Regulator in Liver and Kidney.
Choi, MS; Han, HY; Kim, SK; Kim, TW; Ko, JW; Yoon, S, 2021)		2.4
"Ifosfamide is an antitumor agent with activity against various malignancies in pediatric patients. "( Excellent Tolerability of Ifosfamide and Mesna Via Continuous Infusion in a Pediatric Patient Population.
Anderson, PM; Pierson, CE; Plutt, AA; Stanton, MP; Zahler, S; Zembillas, AS, 2022)		2.46
"Ifosfamide is an important chemotherapeutic agent used in the therapeutic protocols of many malignant tumors. "( Ifosfamide-induced Encephalopathy With Rapid Response to Thiamine: A Pediatric Case.
Anlar, B; Aydin, B; Günbey, C; Müngen, E; Öz, S; Yaman Bajin, İ, 2022)		3.61
"Ifosfamide (IFO) is a widely used antineoplastic drug with broad-spectrum efficacy against various types of cancer. "( Intraperitoneal pretreatment of ellagic acid and chrysin alleviate ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity, but betanin induces death in male wistar rats.
Mohammadi, H; Salimi, A; Shabani, M; Sudi, V, )		1.81
"Ifosfamide (IFO) is an alkylating agent administered against different types of malignancies. "( The Nephroprotective Role of Carnosine Against Ifosfamide-Induced Renal Injury and Electrolytes Imbalance is Mediated Via the Regulation of Mitochondrial Function and Alleviation of Oxidative Stress.
Farshad, O; Ghanbarinejad, V; Heidari, R; Ilkhaninasab, F; Khadijeh, M; Moezi, L; Mohammadi, HR; Negar, A; Ommati, MM; Zahra, M, 2020)		2.26
"Ifosfamide (IFO) is an alkylating agent used to treat broad range of malignancies. "( Ifosfamide induced encephalopathy in a child with osteosarcoma.
Atay, AA; Demir, ÜF; Malbora, B; Sarbay, H; Yılmaz, G, 2021)		3.51
"Ifosfamide is an active alkylating chemotherapeutic drug chemically related to nitrogen mustard. "( Comprehensive insight into the molecular interaction of an anticancer drug-ifosfamide with human alpha-2-macroglobulin: biophysical and
Ahsan, H; Khan, FH; Siddiqui, T; Zia, MK, 2022)		2.39
"Ifosfamide is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent having broad-spectrum efficacy against several tumors. "( Effect of Berberis vulgaris L. root extract on ifosfamide-induced in vivo toxicity and in vitro cytotoxicity.
Abdullah, I; Ahmad, S; Ali, MS; Froeyen, M; Hussain, A; Iftikhar, A; Ilyas, S; Mirza, MU; Nazir, M; Saleem, F; Saleem, U; Tabasum, R, 2021)		2.32
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent, mostly used against variety of solid tumors in pediatric oncology practice. "( Ifosfamide-related encephalopathy with severe clinical presentations in children with cancer.
Ataseven, E; Göktepe, ŞÖ; Kantar, M, 2021)		3.51
"Ifosfamide (IFA) is a potent alkylating antitumoral agent, but its use is limited by neurological side effects. "( Possible role of CYP2B6 genetic polymorphisms in ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy: report of three cases.
Bellien, J; Duflot, T; Filhon, B; Joannidès, R; Lamoureux, F; Marie-Cardine, A; Massy-Guillemant, N; Pereira, T; Verstuyft, C, 2018)		2.18
"Ifosfamide is a cytotoxic drug usually used in malignant sarcomas. "( [Ifosphamide nephrotoxicity].
Ensergueix, G; Karras, A, 2018)		1.92
"Ifosfamide (IFO) is an antineoplastic drug that is commonly used to treat gynecological and breast cancers. "( Neutrophils contribute to the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic cystitis induced by ifosfamide.
Alencar, NMN; Almeida, PRC; Alves, APNN; Araújo, LCNC; Bingana, RD; Cunha, FQ; Dornelas-Filho, AF; Lima-Júnior, RCP; Melo, AT; Nobre, LMS; Nour, ML; Pereira, VBM; Pinto, FMM; Silva, CMS; Silva, PGB; Silva, RO; Souza, MHLP; Wanderley, CWS; Wong, DVT, 2018)		2.15
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of many malignancies. "( Hydration, methylene blue, and thiamine as a prevention regimen for ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy.
Gharaibeh, EZ; Powers, BC; Salacz, ME; Telfah, M, 2019)		2.19
"Ifosfamide (IFOS) which is a cytotoxic alkylating agent may cause central nervous system toxicity. "( Effect of alpha lipoic acid on ifosfamide-induced central neurotoxicity in rats.
Albayrak, A; Bilen, S; Fadillioglu, E; Ginis, Z; Kurt, SN; Ozturk, G, 2014)		2.13
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent useful in the treatment of a wide range of cancers including sarcomas, lymphoma, gynecologic and testicular cancers. "( Ifosfamide related encephalopathy: the need for a timely EEG evaluation.
Feyissa, AM; Tummala, S, 2014)		3.29
"Ifosfamide is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as both a first-line and a salvage chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of testicular germ cell tumors, various sarcomas, carcinomas, and some lymphomas. "( Chronic Ifosfamide toxicity: kidney pathology and pathophysiology.
Akilesh, S; Duffield, JS; Juaire, N; Smith, KD, 2014)		2.28
"Ifosfamide is a chloro-isophosphoramide prodrug activated by hepatic Cytochrome P450 enzymes."( Comparison of hypoxia-activated prodrug evofosfamide (TH-302) and ifosfamide in preclinical non-small cell lung cancer models.
Ahluwalia, D; Ferraro, DJ; Hart, CP; Jung, D; Liu, Q; Matteucci, MD; Sun, JD; Wang, Y, 2016)		1.39
"Ifosfamide is an anticancer agent used largely in treatment of solid tumors. "( Antioxidant activity of simvastatin prevents ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity.
Ali, RM; Alkaraki, AK; Mhaidat, NM; Shotar, AM, 2016)		2.14
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating chemotherapeutic agent that exhibits activity against a wide range of tumors. "( Prenatal effects of transplacental exposure to ifosfamide in rats.
Helal, M, 2016)		2.13
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent and is considered to be one of the important drugs for the treatment of metastatic sarcoma."( Hepatitis B Reactivation After Ifosfamide Therapy for Retroperitoneal Sarcoma.
Chaudhry, R; Cheedella, NK; Chhibar, P; Wang, JC; Zhu, Z, 2016)		1.44
"Ifosfamide (IFOS) is a bifunctional alkylator with a wide spectrum of activity in solid tumors and has an autoinductive liver metabolism through P450 cytochromes. "( An original administration of ifosfamide given once every other week: a clinical and pharmacological study.
Alexandre, J; Cacheux, W; Duffau, B; Germann, N; Goldwasser, F; Gourmel, B; Rabillon, F, 2008)		2.08
"Ifosfamide is a DNA-alkylating agent used frequently in chemotherapy of human malignancies. "( Differential effects of ifosfamide on dendritic cell-mediated stimulation of T cell interleukin-2 production, natural killer cell cytotoxicity and interferon-gamma production.
Bleifuss, E; Hesler, Cv; Issels, RD; Kuppner, MC; Mayerhofer, C; Mocikat, R; Noessner, E, 2008)		2.1
"Ifosfamide is a well known prodrug for cancer treatment with cytochrome P450 metabolism. "( New ifosfamide analogs designed for lower associated neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity with modified alkylating kinetics leading to enhanced in vitro anticancer activity.
Bourget, P; Deroussent, A; Martens, T; Mercier, L; Munier, F; Paci, A; Prost, E; Re, M; Royer, J; Storme, T; Vassal, G, 2009)		2.35
"Ifosfamide is a cornerstone of chemotherapy in bone and soft-tissue sarcoma. "( Ambulatory administration of 5-day infusion ifosfamide+mesna: a pilot study in sarcoma patients.
Alexandre, J; Anract, P; Billemont, B; Camps, S; Coriat, R; Goldwasser, F; Larousserie, F; Leconte, M; Mir, O; Ropert, S, 2010)		2.06
"Ifosfamide is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of a broad spectrum of solid tumors. "( Ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy and movement disorder.
Ames, B; Chaffee, S; Kim, J; Lewis, LD; Morse, R, 2010)		3.25
"Ifosfamide is a chemotherapeutic prodrug used in the treatment of several tumor entities, including bone and soft-tissue sarcoma. "( Palifosfamide, a bifunctional alkylator for the treatment of sarcomas.
Jung, S; Kasper, B, 2010)		2.42
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of several neoplasias. "( Severe ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity: a case report.
Breña Atienza, J; Cabello Rodríguez, A; Cháfer Rudilla, M; Merino Alonso, J; Ramos Linares, S; Ríos Rull, P, 2010)		2.26
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent, frequently used in the treatment of sarcoma. "( Ifosfamide nephropathy in patients with sarcoma.
Keikhaei, M; Mashhadi, MA; Sanadgol, H, 2011)		3.25
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent with well-demonstrated efficacy against STS, and dose-dependent activity."( High-dose ifosfamide as second- or third-line chemotherapy in refractory bone and soft tissue sarcoma patients.
Baek, KK; Chang, MH; Han, B; Lee, J; Lee, SH; Lim, T; Park, JO, 2011)		1.49
"Ifosfamide (IFA) is a powerful chemotherapeutic drug that is active against a variety of paediatric malignancies. "( Ifosfamide induced Fanconi syndrome.
Buttemer, S; Lau, KK; Pai, M, 2011)		3.25
"Ifosfamide is a prodrug which is metabolized by the liver to isophosforamide mustard, an active metabolite."( Investigation of ifosfamide nephrotoxicity induced in a liver-kidney co-culture biochip.
Aninat, C; Brochot, C; Choucha-Snouber, L; Corlu, A; Grsicom, L; Guillouzo, CG; Leclerc, E; Legallais, C; Madalinski, G; Poleni, PE; Razan, F, 2013)		1.45
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent used to treat different types of malignancies including lymphomas, sarcomas and germinal cell tumors. "( Ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity reversal with continuous veno-venous hemodialysis. A case report.
Bhardwaj, H; Cherry, MA; Hopps, S; Pant, S; Srour, S, 2013)		3.28
"Ifosfamide (IFO) is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent for treating a variety of pediatric solid tumors. "( Protective effects of alpha lipoic acid versus N-acetylcysteine on ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity.
El-Desoky, KI; El-Sisi, Ael-D; El-Syaad, ME; Moussa, EA, 2015)		2.1
"Ifosfamide is an active alkylating agent used in the first-line treatment of NSCLC."( Phase II study of docetaxel and ifosfamide combination chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer patients failing previous chemotherapy with or without paclitaxel.
Chen, MC; Chen, YM; Lee, CS; Lin, WC; Perng, RP; Shih, JF; Tsai, CM, 2003)		1.32
"Ifosfamide is a nitrogen mustard with growing clinical applications; effective modulation may lead to improved efficacy."( Selective enhancement of ifosfamide-induced toxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
Dolan, ME; Gandhi, MC; Ludeman, SM; Smith, SM; Springer, JB; Wilson, LR, 2003)		1.34
"Ifosfamide is a bifunctional alkylating agent, used as a racemic mixture by intravenous route in the treatment of various tumors. "( Pharmacology of ifosfamide.
Franceschi, L; Furlanut, M, 2003)		2.11
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent with well-demonstrated efficacy against a large number of malignant diseases. "( Neurological toxicity of ifosfamide.
Giometto, B; Nicolao, P, 2003)		2.07
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent that is widely used in the treatment of various neoplasms, such as sarcomas, lymphomas, pediatric malignancies, germ cell tumors, lung, breast and ovarian cancer. "( Antiblastic drug combinations with ifosfamide: an update.
Badalamenti, G; Fulfaro, F; Gebbia, N; Russo, A; Valerio, MR, 2003)		2.04
"Ifosfamide (IFO) is an active drug in several malignancies. "( Dose finding of ifosfamide administered with a chronic two-week continuous infusion.
Bearz, A; Cartei, G; Clocchiatti, L; Mantero, J; Pastorelli, D; Pella, N; Sacco, C; Salmaso, F; Zustovich, F, 2003)		2.11
"Ifosfamide is an old drug still considered an effective cytostatic agent in the treatment of NSCLC."( Ifosfamide in non-small cell lung cancer.
Boni, C; Zanelli, F, 2003)		2.48
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent active in various tumor types including breast cancer. "( Ifosfamide in advanced/disseminated breast cancer.
La Mura, N; Lombardi, D; Sorio, R; Spazzapan, S; Tabaro, G; Veronesi, A, 2003)		3.2
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent with a broad spectrum of activity in solid tumors and hematological malignancies. "( Ifosfamide in hematological malignancies of adults.
Elice, F; Rodeghiero, F, 2003)		3.2
"Ifosfamide is a prodrug that requires bioactivation by cytochrome P450 for antitumour activity. "( CYP3A4, CYP2C9 and CYP2B6 expression and ifosfamide turnover in breast cancer tissue microsomes.
Baumann, F; Brauckhoff, M; Horn, LC; Knüpfer, H; Köhler, U; Preiss, R; Schmidt, R; Schönfelder, M, 2004)		2.03
"Ifosfamide is an important part of chemotherapeutic regimens used to treat a variety of malignancies. "( Evaluating risk factors for the development of ifosfamide encephalopathy.
David, KA; Picus, J, 2005)		2.03
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of germ-cell tumors, sarcomas and lymphomas. "( [Ifosfamide induced encephalopathy: 15 observations].
Behar, C; Dufour, C; Grill, J; Hartmann, O; Motte, J; Munzer, M; Oberlin, O; Paci, A; Sabouraud, P, 2006)		2.69
"Ifosfamide (IFO) is a widely used antitumor agent, requiring activation to isophosphoramide mustard (IPM) for DNA alkylation."( Ifosfamide: pharmacokinetic properties for central nervous system metastasis prevention.
Lokiec, F, 2006)		2.5
"Ifosfamide (IFS) is an antineoplastic alkylating agent whose major side effect is hemorrhagic cystitis (HC). "( Amifostine and glutathione prevent ifosfamide- and acrolein-induced hemorrhagic cystitis.
Batista, CK; Brito, GA; Cunha, FQ; Leitão, BT; Mota, JM; Ribeiro, RA; Souza, MH; Souza, ML, 2007)		2.06
"Ifosfamide is a chemotherapy agent commonly used in the treatment of several solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. "( Ifosfamide neuropsychiatric toxicity in patients with cancer.
Alici-Evcimen, Y; Breitbart, WS, 2007)		3.23
"Ifosfamide is a chemotherapeutic agent that requires cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) for bioactivation and metabolism. "( Assessment of ifosfamide pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and relation to CYP3A4 activity as measured by the erythromycin breath test in patients with sarcoma.
Baker, LH; Chugh, R; Griffith, KA; Leu, KM; Taylor, JM; Thomas, DG; Wagner, T; Worden, FP; Zalupski, MM, 2007)		2.14
"Ifosfamide is an oxazaphosphorine alkylating agent with a broad spectrum of antineoplastic activity."( Thioredoxin reductase inactivation as a pivotal mechanism of ifosfamide in cancer therapy.
Wang, X; Xu, T; Zhang, J, 2008)		1.31
"Ifosfamide (Z 4942) is an alkylating agent with the structure of a cyclophosphamide analog. "( [Treatment of pain caused by metastases of reactivated prostatic cancer with ifosfamide].
Kawai, T; Kihara, K; Sakuramoto, T; Satomi, Y; Takeda, T, 1983)		1.94
"Ifosfamide (IF) is an alkylating cytostatic drug with urotoxic (hemorrhagic cystitis) and nephrotoxic side effects. "( Effect of ifosfamide metabolites on sodium-dependent phosphate transport in a model of proximal tubular cells (LLC-PK1) in culture.
Brandis, M; Mohrmann, M; Pauli, A; Schönfeld, B; Walkenhorst, H, )		1.98
"Ifosfamide (IF) is an alkylating cytostatic with urotoxic (haemorrhagic cystitis) and nephrotoxic (Fanconi syndrome) side effects. "( Dithio-bis-mercaptoethanesulphonate (DIMESNA) does not prevent cellular damage by metabolites of ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide in LLC-PK1 cells.
Ansorge, S; Brandis, M; Mohrmann, M; Schönfeld, B, 1994)		1.95
"Ifosfamide (IF) is an alkylating cytostatic with urotoxic and tubulotoxic side effects which may result in the development of Fanconi syndrome in children. "( Ifosfamide and mesna: effects on the Na/H exchanger activity in renal epithelial cells in culture (LLC-PK1).
Brandis, M; Küpper, N; Mohrmann, M; Schönfield, B, )		3.02
"Ifosfamide is a chiral pro-drug which is administered clinically in its racemic form. "( Pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide and its enantiomers following a single 1 h intravenous infusion of the racemate in patients with small cell lung carcinoma.
Chrystyn, H; Corlett, SA; Parker, D, 1995)		2.06
"Ifosfamide is an active chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma. "( Ifosfamide and etoposide in the treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcomas.
Baker, LH; Blair, SC; Zalupski, MM, 1994)		3.17
"Ifosfamide is a pro-drug and requires metabolic activation to exert cytotoxic activity."( Ifosfamide metabolism and pharmacokinetics (review).
Beijnen, JH; Bult, A; Kaijser, GP; Underberg, WJ, )		2.3
"Ifosfamide (IFF) is a nitrogen mustard with significant activity against a number of tumors. "( Efficacy and toxicity of ifosfamide stereoisomers in an in vivo rat mammary carcinoma model.
Batist, G; Granvil, CP; Wainer, IW; Wang, T, 1994)		2.03
"Ifosfamide is a prodrug that requires biotransformation to become cytotoxic."( Ifosfamide clinical pharmacokinetics.
Wagner, T, 1994)		2.45
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent which has been incorporated into frontline therapy for a number of malignant paediatric tumours. "( Ifosfamide nephrotoxicity in paediatric cancer patients.
Ashraf, MS; Brady, J; Breatnach, F; Deasy, PF; O'Meara, A, 1994)		3.17
"Ifosfamide is a member of the oxazaphosphorine class of cytostatic drugs. "( The analysis of ifosfamide and its metabolites (review).
Beijnen, JH; Bult, A; Kaijser, GP; Korst, A; Underberg, WJ, )		1.92
"Ifosfamide is a cyclophosphamide analogue synthesized in the 1960s with antineoplastic activity demonstrated in early broad-ranging phase I studies conducted in Germany in the 1970s. "( Ifosfamide and mesna in epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
Sutton, G, 1993)		3.17
"Ifosfamide is an antineoplastic drug with efficacy and activity in numerous cancers. "( Ifosfamide. Patient care management.
Lynch, MP; Ruland, T, 1993)		3.17
"Ifosfamide/VP-16 is an active combination in children with recurrent malignant solid tumors. "( Ifosfamide/etoposide combination in the treatment of recurrent malignant solid tumors of childhood. A Pediatric Oncology Group Phase II study.
Golembe, B; Holbrook, CT; Homans, AC; Jaffe, N; Kung, FH; Nitschke, R; Pratt, CB; Schwenn, M; Strother, D; Vega, RA, 1993)		3.17
"Ifosfamide is an active agent in cisplatin-resistant cervical cancer. "( A phase II study of weekly cisplatin followed by cisplatin and ifosfamide in advanced or recurrent cervical carcinoma.
Baker, TR; Hempling, RE; Malfetano, JH; Piver, MS; Recio, FO; Rose, PG, 1993)		1.97
"Ifosfamide is a derivative of cyclophosphamide and is used to treat malignant tumours. "( Hypophosphataemic rickets after ifosfamide treatment in children.
Sweeney, LE, 1993)		2.01
"Ifosfamide is an oxazaphosphorine analogue of cyclophosphamide with proven activity in breast cancer but substantial urotoxicity. "( Evaluation of ifosfamide plus mesna as first-line chemotherapy in women with metastatic breast cancer.
Hartmann, LC; Ingle, JN; Krook, JE; Mailliard, JA; Wieand, HS, 1995)		2.09
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent with clinical activity in the treatment of sarcomas, and data support a dose-response relationship in this disease. "( High-dose ifosfamide in the treatment of sarcomas of soft tissues and bone.
Demetri, GD, 1996)		2.14
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent that has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of several malignancies. "( Ifosfamide in the treatment of breast cancer.
Overmoyer, BA, 1996)		3.18
"Ifosfamide is an analogue of cyclophosphamide that is active against a variety of solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer. "( Ifosfamide in non-small cell lung cancer.
Johnson, DH, 1996)		3.18
"Ifosfamide is an active agent in recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck."( A phase II study of ifosfamide in recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
Benner, SE; Dimery, IW; Dunnington, JS; Hong, WK; Huber, MH; Lippman, SM; Shirinian, M, 1996)		1.34
"Ifosfamide has proven to be an important asset in the treatment of cancer in children."( Ifosfamide in the treatment of pediatric malignancies.
Behrendt, H; de Kraker, J; Michiels, E; van den Berg, H; Voûte, PA, 1996)		2.46
"Ifosfamide (IFX) is an agent as yet unstudied in advanced urothelial carcinoma."( Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group phase II trial of ifosfamide in the treatment of previously treated advanced urothelial carcinoma.
Bono, B; Dreicer, R; Elson, P; Knop, R; Loehrer, PJ; Richardson, RR; Witte, RS, 1997)		1.27
"Ifosfamide is an analogue of cyclophosphamide active in the treatment of numerous tumours. "( 6-Day continuous infusion of high-dose ifosfamide with bone marrow growth factors in advanced refractory malignancies.
Alexandre, J; Brain, EC; Chaouche, M; Cvitkovic, E; Delord, JP; Errihani, H; Hardy Bessard, AC; Jasmin, C; Misset, JL; Mita, A; Soulié, P, 1997)		2.01
"Ifosfamide is an active alkylating agent in the treatment of breast cancer, as a first-line therapy and in advanced disease. "( Ifosfamide and etoposide in previously treated patients with advanced breast cancer.
Baltali, E; Barişta, I; Benekli, M; Celik, I; Firat, D; Güler, N; Güllü, IH; Kars, A; Kiraz, S; Tekuzman, G, )		3.02
"Ifosfamide is an effective drug in the treatment of several tumors and has known neurologic, renal, and hematologic toxicities."( Acute pancreatitis secondary to ifosfamide.
Gerson, R; Serrano, A; Sternbach, GL; Varon, J; Villalobos, A, )		1.14
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating drug that has demonstrated activity against non-small cell lung cancer, testicular cancer, breast cancer, and soft tissue sarcoma."( Docetaxel and ifosfamide in patients with advanced solid tumors: results of a phase I study.
de Bruijn, EA; Groult, V; Locci-Tonelli, D; Planting, AS; Pronk, LC; Schellens, JH; Schrijvers, D; van Oosterom, AT; Verweij, J, 1998)		1.38
"Ifosfamide is an active drug in the therapy of paediatric tumours such as rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewings' sarcoma, Wilms' tumour, neuroblastoma, germ cell tumours and lymphomas. "( The role of ifosfamide in paediatric cancer.
Advani, SH, 1998)		2.12
"Ifosfamide is an oxazophosphorine widely used in the treatment of cancer in children and adults. "( Urinary proton magnetic resonance studies of early ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity and encephalopathy.
Foxall, PJ; Hartley, JM; Lapsley, M; Neild, GH; Nicholson, JK; Singer, JM; Souhami, RL, 1997)		1.99
"Ifosfamide is a leading drug in soft tissue sarcoma therapy. "( Pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide administered according to three different schedules in metastatic soft tissue and bone sarcomas.
Bergnolo, P; Boglione, A; Bumma, C; Colussi, AM; Comandone, A; Dal Canton, O; Frustaci, S; Leone, L; Monteleone, M; Oliva, C, 1998)		2.07
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent which has poorly understood toxic side effects such as encephalopathy. "( Ifosfamide-induced stomatocytosis and mesna-induced echinocytosis: influence on biorheological properties of blood.
Baerlocher, GM; Beer, JH; Cerny, T; Meiselman, HJ; Owen, GR; Reinhart, WH, 1999)		3.19
"Ifosfamide is an active agent as part of combination therapy for patients with both indolent and aggressive relapsed lymphomas, and has also been used in high-dose therapy regimens followed by stem cell or bone marrow rescue."( The role of ifosfamide in the treatment of lymphomas.
Hagemeister, FB, 1999)		1.4
"Ifosfamide is an active drug in the treatment of chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced endometrial cancer and its application in currently used (combination) regimens should be considered."( Cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide in patients with advanced and/or recurrent endometrial carcinoma: a randomized phase II study of the EORTC Gynecological Cancer Cooperative Group.
Boes, GH; Cervantes, A; Hoesel, G; Pawinski, A; Pecorelli, S; Tumolo, S; van Oosterom, AT, 1999)		2.07
"Ifosfamide is an antineoplastic agent that requires hepatic activation to the cytotoxic active metabolite ifosforamide mustard. "( Suspected ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity.
McVay, JI; Wood, AM, 1999)		2.15
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of a variety of solid tumours. "( Methylene blue in the treatment and prevention of ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy: report of 12 cases and a review of the literature.
De Vos, F; Pelgrims, J; Prové, A; Schrijvers, D; Van den Brande, J; Vermorken, JB, 2000)		2
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating antineoplastic agent with documented activity against a variety of solid tumor types, most notably lung cancer, testicular cancer, and sarcoma. "( Ifosfamide-based drug combinations: preclinical evaluation of drug interactions and translation into the clinic.
Harstrick, A; Klaassen, U; Schleucher, N; Seeber, S; Vanhoefer, U, 2000)		3.19
"Ifosfamide is an active drug for various tumors with elevated incidence in the elderly."( Ifosfamide in the elderly: clinical considerations for a better drug management.
Catania, C; Comandone, A; Curigliano, G; de Braud, F; De Pas, T, 2000)		2.47
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent with proven efficacy in the treatment of solid tumours and malignant lymphomas. "( The role of ifosfamide in the treatment of relapsed and refractory lymphoma.
Bredenfeld, H; Diehl, V; Engert, A; Reiser, M, 2001)		2.13
"Ifosfamide is an active drug in advanced breast cancer. "( Fourteen-day infusion of ifosfamide in the management of advanced breast cancer refractory to protracted continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil.
Crivellari, D; Lauro, VD; Lombardi, D; Magri, MD; Paolello, C; Scuderi, C; Spazzapan, S; Veronesi, A, )		1.88
"Ifosfamide (IF) is an alkylating cytostatic derived from nitrogen mustard. "( Inhibition of sodium-dependent transport systems in LLC-PK1 cells by metabolites of ifosfamide.
Brandis, M; Mohrmann, M; Pauli, A; Ritzer, M; Schönfeld, B; Seifert, B, )		1.8
"Ifosfamide is a chemotherapeutic agent used for treatment of pediatric solid tumors."( Rickets--a complication of ifosfamide chemotherapy for Wilms tumor.
Boal, DK; Relf, M, 1992)		1.3
"Ifosfamide is an effective drug for the treatment of solid tumors in children and most blastomas and sarcomas react favorably. "( Ifosfamide in pediatric oncology.
de Kraker, J; Voûte, PA, 1992)		3.17
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent that has clearly demonstrated efficacy against advanced breast cancer. "( Activity of ifosfamide in breast cancer.
Hortobagyi, GN, 1992)		2.11
"Ifosfamide is a newly available analog of cyclophosphamide in the oxazaphosphorine drug class. "( Ifosfamide vs cyclophosphamide in cancer therapy.
Weiss, RB, 1991)		3.17
"Ifosfamide is an oxazaphosphorine alkylating agent with a broad spectrum of antineoplastic activity. "( Ifosfamide/mesna. A review of its antineoplastic activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy in cancer.
Brogden, RN; Dechant, KL; Faulds, D; Pilkington, T, 1991)		3.17
"Ifosfamide is an active chemotherapeutic agent in a wide range of gynecologic tumors; favorable response rates have been reported in ovarian (epithelial and germ cell), uterine, and cervical neoplasms. "( Ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity.
Curtin, JP; Gutierrez, M; Koonings, PP; Morrow, CP; Schlaerth, JB, 1991)		3.17
"Ifosfamide is an analogue of cyclophosphamide that has been extensively investigated in sarcomas. "( The role of ifosfamide in the treatment of adult soft tissue sarcomas, Ewing's sarcoma, and osteosarcoma: a review.
Dirix, LY; Van Oosterom, AT, 1990)		2.1
"Ifosfamide is a known nephrotoxic drug with demonstrated tubulopathies."( Lethal anuria complicating high dose ifosfamide chemotherapy in a breast cancer patient with an impaired renal function.
Paridaens, R; Piccart, M; Richard, V; Sculier, JP, 1990)		1.27
"Ifosfamide is an important alkylating agent that should be combined with other agents in phase II and III trials."( Ifosfamide in pediatric malignant solid tumors.
Douglass, EC; Etcubanas, EL; Goren, MP; Green, AA; Hayes, FA; Horowitz, ME; Meyer, WH; Pratt, CB; Thompson, EI; Wilimas, JA, 1989)		2.44
"Ifosfamide (IFS) is a new alkylating oxazaphosphorine related to cyclophosphamide. "( Ifosfamide cardiotoxicity in humans.
Efremidis, AP; Kandylis, K; Tsoussis, S; Vassilomanolakis, M, 1989)		3.16

Effects

Ifosfamide (Holoxan) has an effect as a single drug on testicular carcinoma. Shows synergism with cisplatinum in mice. Has a similar spectrum of antitumor activity but has different pharmacokinetics.

Ifosfamide has been found to have antineoplastic activity in a variety of solid tumors. It has been associated with proximal renal tubular dysfunction resembling Fanconi-like syndrome and leading to rickets in young children.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Ifosfamide (Holoxan) has an effect as a single drug on testicular carcinoma and shows synergism with cisplatinum in mice. "( The value of ifosfamide in the polychemotherapy of metastasized testicular cancer pretreated with chemotherapy.
Clemm, C; Hartenstein, R; Wilmanns, W, 1982)		2.08
"Ifosfamide has a similar spectrum of antitumor activity but has different pharmacokinetics that could provide advantages in efficacy."( Ifosfamide vs cyclophosphamide in cancer therapy.
Weiss, RB, 1991)		2.45
"Ifosfamide plus mesna have been used recently in a high-dose regimen that allows this chemotherapy to be given to outpatients with less toxicity over 14 days using a portable pump. "( Physical and chemical stability of high-dose ifosfamide and mesna for prolonged 14-day continuous infusion.
Anderson, PM; Culotta, KS; Kawedia, JD; Kramer, MA; McIntyre, CM; Myers, AL; Zhang, Y, 2014)		2.1
"Ifosfamide has been used in neoadjuvant chemotherapy since the mid-1980s. "( Clinical efficacy of preoperative chemotherapy with or without ifosfamide in patients with osteosarcoma of the extremity: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Lai, Z; Lin, Y; Mo, Y; Su, W; Wu, F; Wu, J; Yang, Z, 2015)		2.1
"Ifosfamide rechallenge has clinical activity in soft-tissue sarcoma and can be considered a viable option in treating metastatic disease."( Successful Ifosfamide Rechallenge in Soft-Tissue Sarcoma.
Benson, C; Constantinidou, A; Jones, RL; Judson, I; Messiou, C; Miah, A; Noujaim, J; Thway, K, 2018)		2.31
"Ifosfamide has been shown to be associated with encephalopathy in 10-40% of patients. "( Severe post-treatment leukopenia associated with the development of encephalopathy following ifosfamide infusion.
Isola, LM; Kim, SS; Oh, WK, 2016)		2.1
"Ifosfamide has been approved by the FDA while evofosfamide is currently in the late stage of clinical development."( Comparison of hypoxia-activated prodrug evofosfamide (TH-302) and ifosfamide in preclinical non-small cell lung cancer models.
Ahluwalia, D; Ferraro, DJ; Hart, CP; Jung, D; Liu, Q; Matteucci, MD; Sun, JD; Wang, Y, 2016)		1.39
"Ifosfamide has shown significant activity as a single agent in head and neck squamous carcinoma."( Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with ifosfamide and cisplatin combination in advanced head and neck cancer: a retrospective analysis of 519 patients: a single institution experience.
Bakshi, AV; Deshmukh, CD; Mazumdar, AT; Mistry, RC; Pai, VR; Parikh, DM; Parikh, PM; Pathak, KA, 2003)		1.33
"Ifosfamide (IFO) has demonstrated activity in recurrent/metastatic squamous cell head and neck carcinoma with an overall response rate of 24-26%. "( Ifosfamide in the treatment of head and neck cancer.
Airoldi, M; Bumma, C; Cortesina, G; Giordano, C; Pedani, F, 2003)		3.2
"Ifosfamide has been studied as a single agent or in combination with other drugs in different studies."( Role of ifosfamide in cervical cancer: an overview.
Buda, A; Dell'Anna, T; Mangioni, C; Signorelli, M, 2003)		1.47
"Ifosfamide has definite activity in nephroblastoma, where it represents the treatment of choice for children who are not cured by front-line chemotherapy, and for the adults who are diagnosed with this uncommon disease."( Ifosfamide in urologic cancer.
Boccardo, F; Guglielmini, P, 2003)		2.48
"Ifosfamide has always had significant single-agent activity in patients with germ cell tumors. "( Ifosfamide in germ cell tumors.
Einhorn, LH, 2003)		3.2
"Ifosfamide has been mainly used, in combination with other drugs, as a component of salvage regimens for relapsed or primarily refractory lymphoma."( Ifosfamide in hematological malignancies of adults.
Elice, F; Rodeghiero, F, 2003)		2.48
"Ifosfamide (I) has also been approved for NSCLC treatment."( Phase I study with dose escalation of gemcitabine and cisplatin in combination with ifosfamide (GIP) in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma.
Billiart, I; Bourgeois, H; Chabrun, V; Chieze, S; Daban, A; Ferrand, V; Germain, T; Lemerre, D; Meurice, JC; Tourani, JM, 2004)		1.27
"Ifosfamide has been renewed after the neurological accident in 7 of those patients."( [Ifosfamide induced encephalopathy: 15 observations].
Behar, C; Dufour, C; Grill, J; Hartmann, O; Motte, J; Munzer, M; Oberlin, O; Paci, A; Sabouraud, P, 2006)		1.97
"Ifosfamide has antitumor activity against VAS in cats and is tolerated well by most cats. "( Results of a phase II clinical trial on the use of ifosfamide for treatment of cats with vaccine-associated sarcomas.
Chaffin, K; Khanna, C; Kristal, O; Page, RL; Rassnick, KM; Rodriguez, CO; Rosenberg, MP, 2006)		2.03
"Ifosfamide (Holoxan) has an effect as a single drug on testicular carcinoma and shows synergism with cisplatinum in mice. "( The value of ifosfamide in the polychemotherapy of metastasized testicular cancer pretreated with chemotherapy.
Clemm, C; Hartenstein, R; Wilmanns, W, 1982)		2.08
"Ifosfamide has been found to have antineoplastic activity in a variety of solid tumors. "( The role of ifosfamide in germ cell tumors and small cell lung cancer.
Nichols, CR, 1995)		2.11
"Ifosfamide has single agent activity in advanced breast cancer and may potentiate the activity of doxorubicin. "( Results of chemotherapy using ifosfamide with doxorubicin in advanced breast cancer.
Cantwell, B; Gumbrell, L; Lennard, T; Lind, M; Millward, M; Robinson, A, 1994)		2.02
"Ifosfamide has antitumor activity in previously treated ovarian epithelial tumors, squamous carcinomas of the cervix, trophoblastic disease, and untreated uterine sarcomas in Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) trials. "( Phase II study of ifosfamide and mesna in refractory adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. A Gynecologic Oncology Group study.
Adcock, L; Blessing, JA; Homesley, HD; McGuire, WP; Sutton, GP, 1994)		2.07
"Ifosfamide has to be metabolized prior to expressing its cytotoxicity."( The analysis of ifosfamide and its metabolites (review).
Beijnen, JH; Bult, A; Kaijser, GP; Korst, A; Underberg, WJ, )		1.2
"Ifosfamide has previously been shown to be active as a single agent and in combination with doxorubicin, etoposide, and teniposide in pediatric solid tumors and adult acute leukemia. "( Ifosfamide with mesna uroprotection and etoposide in recurrent, refractory acute leukemia in childhood. A Pediatric Oncology Group Study.
Bell, B; Bernstein, ML; Buchanan, GR; Devine, S; Dreyer, Z; Grier, H; Krischer, J; Kung, F; Land, V; Whitehead, VM, 1993)		3.17
"Ifosfamide has demonstrated clinically useful antitumor activity in our hands against most sarcoma subtypes."( Single-agent ifosfamide studies in sarcomas of soft tissue and bone: the M.D. Anderson experience.
Benjamin, RS; Legha, SS; Nicaise, C; Patel, SR, 1993)		1.38
"Ifosfamide has been associated with proximal renal tubular dysfunction resembling Fanconi-like syndrome and leading to rickets in young children. "( A prospective evaluation of ifosfamide-related nephrotoxicity in children and young adults.
Balis, FM; Blaney, S; Ho, PT; Izraeli, S; Jarosinski, P; Weaver-McClure, L; Wexler, LH; Zimmerman, K, 1995)		2.03
"Ifosfamide has been used extensively for the treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). "( Ifosfamide in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Pohlman, B, 1996)		3.18
"Ifosfamide has been assessed in the treatment of ovarian cancer for more than two decades. "( Ifosfamide in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Markman, M, 1996)		3.18
"Ifosfamide has single-agent activity comparable to etoposide in very poor-prognosis, cisplatin-refractory disease."( Ifosfamide in the treatment of germ cell tumors.
Nichols, CR, 1996)		2.46
"Ifosfamide has been used in combination with many different agents, including cisplatin and etoposide and newer drugs like vinorelbine and paclitaxel."( Ifosfamide in non-small cell lung cancer.
Johnson, DH, 1996)		2.46
"Ifosfamide has therefore been identified as one of six new active agents in urothelial cancer, and trials of combination regimens including ifosfamide are under way."( The role of ifosfamide in the treatment of testicular and urothelial malignancies.
Roth, BJ, 1996)		1.39
"Ifosfamide has found an established place in the treatment of these pediatric malignancies."( Ifosfamide in the treatment of pediatric malignancies.
Behrendt, H; de Kraker, J; Michiels, E; van den Berg, H; Voûte, PA, 1996)		2.46
"Ifosfamide has shown activity in the treatment of patients who previously demonstrated clinical resistance to a platinum-cyclophosphamide combination."( Paclitaxel plus ifosfamide in advanced ovarian cancer: a multicenter phase II study.
Addamo, G; Amoroso, D; Boccardo, F; Brema, F; Bruzzone, M; Catsafados, E; Foglia, G; Granetto, C; Guarneri, D; Mammoliti, S; Martini, MC; Miglietta, L; Moraglio, L; Pastorino, G; Pedulla, F; Ragni, N, )		1.2
"Ifosfamide has important activity in pretreated soft tissue sarcomas (STS), and recent data support a clinically significant dose-response relationship for this agent. "( Phase II study of continuous-infusion high-dose ifosfamide in advanced and/or metastatic pretreated soft tissue sarcomas.
Antimi, M; Gatti, C; Palmeri, S; Palumbo, R; Raffo, P; Toma, S; Villani, G, 1997)		2
"Ifosfamide has been in use for several decades and is generally considered to be one of the most effective drugs for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). "( Ifosfamide and docetaxel in non-small cell lung cancer.
Büchholz, E; Drings, P; Manegold, C, 1998)		3.19
"Ifosfamide has been combined with gemcitabine in a phase I/II study."( Combination studies with gemcitabine in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer.
Steward, WP, 1998)		1.02
"Ifosfamide has been shown to possess modest activity in patients with platinum/cyclophosphamide refractory ovarian cancer. "( Phase 2 trial of single agent ifosfamide/mesna in patients with platinum/paclitaxel refractory ovarian cancer who have not previously been treated with an alkylating agent.
Belinson, J; Hurteau, J; Kennedy, A; Kulp, B; Markman, M; Peterson, G; Sutton, G; Webster, K, 1998)		2.03
"Ifosfamide has no specific value in these approved indications."( Ifosfamide: new idications-new dose strength. Limited evidence of effectiveness.
, 1998)		2.36
"Ifosfamide has been used in combination with several drugs including cisplatin, giving rise to multiple doublets and triplets including the ifosfamide-cisplatin-mitomycin regimen (Cullen's MIC regimen) that has been commonly used in Europe. "( Ifosfamide in non-small-cell lung cancer.
Balaña, C; Martin, C; Rosell, R, 1999)		3.19
"Ifosfamide has been included in various drug combination protocols, usually on an empirical basis."( Ifosfamide-based drug combinations: preclinical evaluation of drug interactions and translation into the clinic.
Harstrick, A; Klaassen, U; Schleucher, N; Seeber, S; Vanhoefer, U, 2000)		2.47
"Ifosfamide has been mainly used in therapy of lymphoma as a component of salvage regimens, but high-dose ifosfamide is also effective in the mobilization of peripheral stem cells for treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma with regimens containing autologous stem cell transplantation."( The role of ifosfamide in the treatment of relapsed and refractory lymphoma.
Bredenfeld, H; Diehl, V; Engert, A; Reiser, M, 2001)		1.41
"Ifosfamide has been in use as an effective antineoplastic agent for solid tumors in both children and adults since the late 1960s. "( Young age and the risk for ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity: a critical review of two opposing studies.
Aleksa, K; Koren, G; Woodland, C, 2001)		2.05
"Ifosfamide has activity in refractory choriocarcinoma and, when combined with etoposide and cisplatin (VIP), may be curative."( Ifosfamide alone and in combination in the treatment of refractory malignant gestational trophoblastic disease.
Barnhill, DR; Blessing, JA; Hatch, KD; Soper, JT; Sutton, GP, 1992)		3.17
"Ifosfamide has the broad range of clinical activity, but its ultimate role as part of initial therapy remains to be discerned."( Clinical trials with ifosfamide: the Indiana University experience.
Einhorn, LH; Loehrer, PJ; Nichols, CR; Williams, SD, 1992)		1.32
"Ifosfamide has shown promising single-agent activity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). "( Phase II study of cisplatin, ifosfamide with mesna, and etoposide (PIE) chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Dhingra, HH; Greenberg, J; Hong, WK; Lee, JS; Shirinian, M, 1992)		2.02
"Ifosfamide has shown promising single-agent activity in non-small cell lung cancer. "( Phase II study of cisplatin, ifosfamide, and etoposide combination for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: final report.
Dhingra, HH; Greenberg, J; Hong, WK; Lee, JS; Shirinian, M, 1992)		2.02
"Ifosfamide/mesna has modest activity in malignant mesothelioma. "( A phase II evaluation of ifosfamide and mesna in unresectable diffuse malignant mesothelioma. A Southwest Oncology Group study.
Balcerzak, SP; Berenberg, JL; Keppen, MD; Metch, B; Militello, L; Pierce, HI; Zidar, BL, 1992)		2.03
"Ifosfamide has documented activity in sarcoma patients who have failed treatment with doxorubicin-containing regimens."( Chemotherapy of advanced sarcomas of bone and soft tissue.
Antman, KH, 1992)		1
"Ifosfamide has been shown to have a broad spectrum of clinical activity in various cancers."( The history of ifosfamide.
Loehrer, PJ, 1992)		1.36
"Ifosfamide has been shown to have significant single-agent activity against non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and its use in various combinations produces response rates of 20% to 83% in patients with refractory or relapsing disease."( New perspectives in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Goss, PE, 1992)		1
"Ifosfamide has also been used in combination regimens."( Activity of ifosfamide in breast cancer.
Hortobagyi, GN, 1992)		1.38
"Ifosfamide has a similar spectrum of antitumor activity but has different pharmacokinetics that could provide advantages in efficacy."( Ifosfamide vs cyclophosphamide in cancer therapy.
Weiss, RB, 1991)		2.45
"Ifosfamide has limited activity in adenocarcinoma of the oesophageal-gastric junction area."( Ifosfamide in advanced adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus or oesophageal-gastric junction area. Rotterdam Esophageal Tumor Study Group.
Kok, TC; Splinter, TA; Tilanus, HW; van der Gaast, A, 1991)		2.45
"Ifosfamide has broad cytotoxicity against solid tumors and may prove to be an important addition to high-dose combination chemotherapy regimens."( High-dose ifosfamide with mesna uroprotection: a phase I study.
Antman, KH; Begg, CB; Eder, JP; Elias, AD; Frei, E; Shea, T, 1990)		1.4
"Ifosfamide/mesna has activity in a wide range of gynecologic malignancies."( Early phase II Gynecologic Oncology Group experience with ifosfamide/mesna in gynecologic malignancies.
Berman, ML; Blessing, JA; Homesley, HD; Photopulos, G; Sutton, GP, 1990)		1.24
"Ifosfamide has demonstrated significant activity as salvage therapy in patients with testicular tumors refractory to cisplatin-containing induction chemotherapy regimens. "( Ifosfamide in testicular cancer.
Loehrer, PJ, 1990)		3.16
"Ifosfamide/mesna has activity in a wide range of gynecologic malignancies."( Gynecologic Oncology Group experience with ifosfamide.
Berman, ML; Blessing, JA; Homesley, HD; Photopulos, G; Sutton, GP, 1990)		1.26
"Ifosfamide (IFX) has activity in a number of gynaecological malignancies and was selected for evaluation in this disease."( A phase II study of ifosfamide in endometrial cancer.
Barton, C; Blackledge, G; Buxton, EJ; Meanwell, CA; Mould, JJ, 1990)		1.32
"Ifosfamide has definite efficacy in many malignant tumours, including breast cancer. "( Ifosfamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil: effective combination in resistant breast cancer.
el-Khodari, A; Elserafi, M; Gad-el-Mawla, N; Gafaar, R; Hamza, MR; Khaled, H; Zikri, ZK, 1990)		3.16
"Ifosfamide has been shown to be an active agent in the treatment of several childhood cancers. "( Toxicity of high-dose ifosfamide in children.
Craft, AW; Davies, SM; Pearson, AD, 1989)		2.03
"Ifosfamide/mesna has activity in a wide range of gynecologic malignancies."( Phase II experience with ifosfamide/mesna in gynecologic malignancies: preliminary report of Gynecologic Oncology Group studies.
Berman, ML; Blessing, JA; Homesley, HD; Photopulos, G; Sutton, GP, 1989)		1.3
"Ifosfamide has activity in a variety of disseminated refractory solid tumors that do not traditionally respond to conventional alkylating agent therapy, specifically refractory germ cell tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and malignant lymphomas."( Ifosfamide: a clinical review.
Einhorn, LH; Higgs, D; Nagy, C, 1989)		2.44
"Ifosfamide has minimal activity in esophageal cancer and causes severe myelosuppression."( Phase II trial of ifosfamide in epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus: unexpectant severe toxicity.
Eisenberger, M; Kelsen, DP; Lipperman, R; Nanus, DM, 1988)		1.33
"Ifosfamide has definite activity against pancreatic adenocarcinoma."( Ifosfamide: an active drug in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.
Ansari, R; Einhorn, LH; Loehrer, PJ; Williams, SD, 1985)		2.43

Actions

Ifosfamide and cisplatin cause urinary loss of carnitine, which is a fundamental molecule for energy production in mammalian cells.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Ifosfamide can cause end-stage renal disease by a tubulotoxic effect that may be the result of a selective intracellular uptake into the proximal tubule via the human organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2)."( [End-stage renal disease after sarcoma therapy - case 3/2014].
Amann, K; Artunc, F; Bakos, G; Baumann, D; Bunz, H; Ciarimboli, G; Kluba, T; Kopp, HG; Müller, M; Schlatter, E; Steinke, I; Weyrich, P, 2014)		1.85
"Ifosfamide and cisplatin cause urinary loss of carnitine, which is a fundamental molecule for energy production in mammalian cells. "( Potential role of levocarnitine supplementation for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced fatigue in non-anaemic cancer patients.
Baldelli, AM; Bisonni, R; Canestrari, F; Catalano, V; De Gaetano, A; Ferraro, B; Giordani, P; Graziano, F; Lai, V; Mencarini, E; Rovidati, S; Silva, R; Testa, E, 2002)		1.76

Treatment

Ifosfamide used in the treatment of pediatric solid tumors is known to have serious adverse effects, including acute pancreatitis, a rare complication of therapy. Treatment might be a feasible approach, but it necessitates hospitalization.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Ifosfamide treatment upregulated a range of proinflammatory genes."( IPSE, a urogenital parasite-derived immunomodulatory protein, ameliorates ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis through downregulation of pro-inflammatory pathways.
Alouffi, A; Banskota, N; Falcone, FH; Hsieh, MH; Ishida, K; Jardetzky, TS; Le, L; Mbanefo, EC; Odegaard, JI; Pennington, LF; Zee, R, 2019)		1.47
"Ifosfamide treatment increased apoptosis and caused hypoplasia of placental basal and labyrinth zones, which resulted in pathological changes in developing fetal tissue."( Prenatal effects of transplacental exposure to ifosfamide in rats.
Helal, M, 2016)		1.41
"Ifosfamide used in the treatment of pediatric solid tumors is known to have serious adverse effects, including acute pancreatitis, a rare complication of therapy. "( Acute pancreatitis induced by ifosfamide therapy.
Agarwala, S; Bhatnagar, V; Garg, R, 2010)		2.09
"Ifosfamide treatment significantly inhibited oxidative phosphorylation with only C-I substrates."( Ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity: mechanism and prevention.
Daikhin, Y; Horyn, O; Luhovyy, B; Nissim, I; Phillips, PC; Yudkoff, M, 2006)		2.5
"Ifosfamide-treated rats had significantly lower body weight and hematocrit than sterile water-treated control rats."( Nephrotoxicity of ifosfamide in rats.
Springate, JE; Van Liew, JB, )		1.19
"The ifosfamide treatment schedules had only minimal effects on bromisoval pharmacokinetics."( Effect of ifosfamide treatment on glutathione and glutathione conjugation activity in patients with advanced cancers.
Breimer, DD; Mulder, GJ; Mulders, TM; Ouwerkerk, J; van der Velde, EA, 1995)		1.17
"Ifosfamide treatment might be a feasible approach, but it necessitates hospitalization. "( Chemotherapy in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: ifosfamide versus temozolomide.
Bamberg, M; Becker, G; Belka, C; Classen, J; Hoffmann, W; Kortmann, RD; Paulsen, F; Weinmann, M, 1999)		1.98
"Ifosfamide/mesna treatment of 50 patients with pediatric malignant solid tumors was associated with the development of neurotoxic signs and symptoms in 11 of these individuals who received 29 courses of treatment. "( Central nervous system toxicity following the treatment of pediatric patients with ifosfamide/mesna.
Douglass, E; Etcubanas, E; Green, AA; Hayes, FA; Horowitz, ME; Igarashi, M; Meyer, WH; Pratt, CB; Thompson, E; Wilimas, J, 1986)		1.94
"Treatment with ifosfamide chemotherapy and palliative radiation therapy was effective in reducing the growth of the tumor in the pulmonary artery and pleural lesions, indicating that this regimen may be useful for the treatment of unresectable SS in the pulmonary artery."( Intravascular synovial sarcoma of the pulmonary artery with massive pleural effusion: report of a case with a favorable response to Ifosfamide chemotherapy and palliative radiation therapy.
Atagi, S; Kawaguchi, T; Maekura, T; Matsui, H; Morimoto, M; Okuma, T; Shimizu, S, 2015)		0.96
"treatment with ifosfamide alone or ifosfamide combined with microencapsulated CYP2B1-expressing cells."( Peritoneal cancer treatment with CYP2B1 transfected, microencapsulated cells and ifosfamide.
Hafner, M; Jesnowski, R; Keese, M; Löhr, M; Lux, A; Post, S; Prosst, R; Saller, R; Samel, S; Sturm, J, 2006)		0.9
"treatment with ifosfamide alone or ifosfamide combined with microencapsulated CYP2B1 expressing cells."( Targeted intraabdominal chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis.
Löhr, M; Samel, S, 2007)		0.68
"Treatment with Ifosfamide (250 mg/kg b.w.) reduced intratumoral laser Doppler flow, oxygenation and pH."( The effect of ifosfamide on tumor oxygenation at different temperatures.
Mendoza, AS; Mentzel, M; Wiedemann, G, 1994)		0.99
"Oral treatment with ifosfamide results in dose-limiting encephalopathy. "( Comparative pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous ifosfamide/mesna/methylene blue therapy.
Aeschlimann, C; Cerny, T; Küpfer, A; Schefer, H, 1998)		0.87
"Treatment with ifosfamide or combination chemotherapy with vincristine, ifosfamide and peplomycin was performed in some of the 65 cases above mentioned."( [Reactivation of prostatic cancer and chemotherapy in reactivated prostatic cancer].
Ando, K; Fuse, H; Hara, S; Shimazaki, J; Zama, S, 1985)		0.61

Toxicity

Renal proximal tubule cell injury is an important side effect of the chemotherapeutic agent ifosfamide in humans. Sequential dose intense ifosFamide, etoposide, carboplatin +/- rituximab was more toxic and no more effective than the same drugs given in a conventional fashi.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The major dose-limiting toxic effect of CIA was leukopenia."( Protection against chemotherapy toxicity by IV hyperalimentation.
Bodey, GP; Copeland, EW; Dudrick, SJ; Freireich, EJ; Issell, BF; Valdivieso, M; Zaren, HA, 1978)		0.26
"Cyclophosphamide (CP) is selectively toxic to avian and mammalian B lymphocytes, but the mechanisms of action are incompletely understood."( Cytogenetic mechanisms in the selective toxicity of cyclophosphamide analogs and metabolites towards avian embryonic B lymphocytes in vivo.
Bloom, SE; Colvin, OM; Wilmer, JL, 1992)		0.28
"Nephrotoxicity is an important adverse effect of chemotherapy in children."( The influence of age on nephrotoxicity following chemotherapy in children.
Coulthard, MG; Craft, AW; Pearson, AD; Price, L; Skinner, R, 1992)		0.28
" Thus, neither DSF nor DDTC impaired the antitumour effect of IFX and both diminished its adverse effects."( Drug interaction effects on antitumour drugs (VIII): prevention of ifosfamide-induced urotoxicity by disulfiram and its effect on antitumour activity and acute toxicity of alkylating agents in mice.
Ishikawa, M; Sasaki, K; Takayanagi, Y, 1991)		0.52
"Renal dysfunction and urinary disorders are the most troublesome adverse reaction to anticancer agents such as cisplatin (CDDP) and ifosfamide (IFM)."( [New treatments for urogenital toxicity of anti-neoplastic chemotherapy].
Hirosawa, A; Niitani, H; Shibuya, M, 1990)		0.48
" Myelosuppression occurred in all patients but was mild and reversible, with no toxic deaths."( Toxicity of high-dose ifosfamide in children.
Craft, AW; Davies, SM; Pearson, AD, 1989)		0.59
" This selective 5HT3 antagonist is effective and safe in the control of ifosfamide-induced emesis, even in patients resistant to high-dose metoclopramide."( The efficacy and safety of GR38032F in the prophylaxis of ifosfamide-induced nausea and vomiting.
Challoner, T; Green, JA; Griggs, J; Hammond, P; Watkin, SW, 1989)		0.75
" We observed this acute toxic effect despite the administration of sufficient mesna to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis."( Ifosfamide-induced subclinical tubular nephrotoxicity despite mesna.
Goren, MP; Horowitz, ME; Pratt, CB; Wright, RK, 1987)		1.72
" Dose-dependent metabolism of methotrexate is unusual in that formation of the presumed toxic metabolite increases with increase in dose and is associated with a qualitative change in the pattern of drug toxicity at high compared to low doses of drug."( Dose-dependent metabolism, therapeutic effect, and toxicity of anticancer drugs in man.
Powis, G, 1983)		0.27
" 4-OH-IF and 4-OH-CP were significantly more toxic than the parent drugs."( Toxicity of ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide and their metabolites in renal tubular cells in culture.
Ansorge, S; Brandis, M; Mohrmann, M; Schmich, U; Schönfeld, B, 1994)		0.67
"Nephrotoxicity is a relatively common and potentially serious adverse effect of treatment with certain cytotoxic drugs (especially ifosfamide)."( Strategies to prevent nephrotoxicity of anticancer drugs.
Skinner, R, 1995)		0.5
"2 g/m2 had a toxic death."( Cyclophosphamide dose escalation in combination with vincristine and actinomycin-D (VAC) in gross residual sarcoma. A pilot study without hematopoietic growth factor support evaluating toxicity and response.
Gehan, E; Maurer, H; Newton, WA; Ruymann, FB; Vietti, T; Wharam, M; Wiener, E, 1995)		0.29
" No increase in the toxic side effects of IFX was demonstrated when administered with L-MTP-PE nor were delays in IFX administration due to neutropenia experienced."( Combination therapy with ifosfamide and liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide: tolerability, toxicity, and immune stimulation.
Gano, JB; Jaffe, N; Jia, SF; Kleinerman, ES; Meyers, PA; Raymond, AK, 1995)		0.59
" In the presence of known cardiovascular risk factors, the choice of a less toxic regimen is desirable and, if this is not possible, the patient should be treated with continuous monitoring of the vital parameters."( [Cardiovascular toxicity of anticancer chemotherapy: 5 cases treated in intensive care].
Sculier, JP; Sotiriou, C, )		0.13
"Hallucinations as a symptom of central neurotoxicity are a known but poorly described side effect of ifosfamide."( Hallucinations and ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity.
Baile, WF; Brown, R; DiMaggio, JR; Schapira, D, 1994)		0.83
" The toxic effect appeared to be greatest in younger children and at least partly dose-dependent, although partially reversible after each course of chemotherapy."( The assessment of subclinical ifosfamide-induced renal tubular toxicity using urinary excretion of retinol-binding protein.
al Sheyyab, M; Beetham, R; Stevens, M; Worthington, D, )		0.42
" However on multivariate analysis only the presence of bulky disease and of B symptoms were independent adverse factors for response and for survival."( EPIC: an effective low toxicity regimen for relapsing lymphoma.
Ashley, S; Catovsky, D; Cunningham, D; Gore, ME; Hickish, T; Mansi, J; Nicolson, V; Roldan, A; Smith, IE, 1993)		0.29
" The overall incidence of adverse experiences was significantly lower in the granisetron group (60."( The antiemetic efficacy and safety of granisetron compared with metoclopramide plus dexamethasone in patients receiving fractionated chemotherapy over 5 days. The Granisetron Study Group.
, 1993)		0.29
"With the increasing use of ifosfamide in pediatric malignancies, nephrotoxicity has emerged as a potentially serious adverse effect, which may be dose-limiting or may cause severe chronic morbidity, including glomerular impairment and/or Fanconi's syndrome."( Ifosfamide, mesna, and nephrotoxicity in children.
Craft, AW; Pearson, AD; Sharkey, IM; Skinner, R, 1993)		2.03
" Although mesna may be capable of detoxifying the toxic metabolite(s), delivery to the renal tubule may not be sufficient to provide adequate protection of tubular glutathione from depletion by the metabolite(s), which results in a failure to prevent nephrotoxicity."( Ifosfamide, mesna, and nephrotoxicity in children.
Craft, AW; Pearson, AD; Sharkey, IM; Skinner, R, 1993)		1.73
"A total of 64 courses of ifosfamide (IFM) treatments for sarcoma patients were evaluated for toxic effects."( [Toxic effects of ifosfamide in the treatment of bone and soft tissue sarcomas].
Ishii, T; Kitoh, M; Satoh, T; Tatezaki, S; Umeda, T, 1993)		0.92
"Renal proximal tubule cell injury is an important side effect of the chemotherapeutic agent ifosfamide in humans."( Nephrotoxicity of ifosfamide in rats.
Springate, JE; Van Liew, JB, )		0.69
" MIP regimen was permanently suspended in 14 patients because of toxic events."( Efficacy and toxicity of mitomycin, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (MIP) in patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer.
Baud, M; Bedin, A; Chouaid, C; Febvre, M; Lebeau, B; Urban, T, 1996)		0.57
" Ifosfamide, although itself the effective antineoplastic drug useful in situations which have proved refractory to cyclophosphamide therapy, has the side-effect toxicities caused by its metabolities that pose clinically a very real problem."( Influence of mesna on urotoxic effects of selected bromosubstituted analogs of ifosfamide.
Konarski, L; Kowalski, P; Kuśnierczyk, H; Radzikowski, C, 1997)		1.43
", this toxic effect is not accompanied by an increase in intramyocardial citrate levels."( A 13C NMR study of 2-(13)C-chloroacetaldehyde, a metabolite of ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide, in the isolated perfused rabbit heart model. Initial observations on its cardiotoxicity and cardiac metabolism.
Loqueviel, C; Malet-Martino, M; Martino, R, 1997)		0.54
" Adverse effects on oral mucosa have been documented for several cytotoxic treatment regimens."( Oral mucosal side effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy of testicular cancer. A retrospective study.
Fosså, SD; Herlofson, BB; Norman-Pedersen, K; Redfors, M, 1997)		0.3
" Its main adverse effects are various forms of renal tubular and glomerular damage."( Ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity in children: critical review of predictive risk factors.
Koren, G; Loebstein, R, 1998)		1.74
" So we compared VAC protocol and ifosfamiide for toxic effects."( Toxicity of chemotherapeutical protocols in the treatment of uterine sarcomas (Vincristine, actinomycin D, Cyclophosphamide VAC versus ifosfamide).
Erman, O; Simşek, T; Trak, B; Uner, M; Zorlu, GC, 1998)		0.5
"VAC protocol is more toxic for the liver, hematopoietic and peripheral neurologic system."( Toxicity of chemotherapeutical protocols in the treatment of uterine sarcomas (Vincristine, actinomycin D, Cyclophosphamide VAC versus ifosfamide).
Erman, O; Simşek, T; Trak, B; Uner, M; Zorlu, GC, 1998)		0.5
" Its main adverse effects are various forms of renal tubular and glomerular damage."( Risk factors for long-term outcome of ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity in children.
Atanackovic, G; Baruchel, S; Bishai, R; Gobrial, M; Hashemi, G; Ito, S; Khattak, S; Koren, G; Loebstein, R; Wolpin, J, 1999)		0.57
" Upon administration of ifosfamide, the P450 enzyme converts the ifosfamide into antitumorigenic toxic metabolites at the site required, thereby significantly reducing tumor burden."( Characterization of a human cell clone expressing cytochrome P450 for safe use in human somatic cell therapy.
Günzburg, WH; Karle, P; Renner, M; Renz, R; Salmons, B, 1999)		0.61
"Renal injury is a common side effect of the chemotherapeutic agent ifosfamide."( Toxicity of ifosfamide and its metabolite chloroacetaldehyde in cultured renal tubule cells.
Chan, K; Davies, S; Lu, H; Springate, J; Taub, M, 1999)		0.92
" Poor performance status and prior radiotherapy were risk factors for fatal adverse effects."( [Treatment of advanced testicular cancer and toxicity of chemotherapy].
Kawakita, M; Matsuda, T; Terachi, T; Yoshida, O, 1999)		0.3
" There were no toxic deaths."( Epic as an effective, low toxicity salvage therapy for patients with poor risk lymphoma prior to beam high dose chemotherapy and peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation.
Cavenagh, JD; Eden, AG; Hughes, A; Kelsey, SM; Lamont, A; McBride, NC; Mills, MJ; Newland, AC; Ward, MC, 1999)		0.3
"Adjuvant ifosfamide appears to be safe and well tolerated in patients with completely resected uterine sarcoma."( Safety and efficacy of adjuvant single-agent ifosfamide in uterine sarcoma.
Belinson, JL; Kennedy, AW; Kushner, DM; Markman, M; Rybicki, LA; Webster, KD, 2000)		0.98
" A critical question in comparing an experimental treatment to a standard is how much increase in an adverse event rate is an acceptable trade-off for achieving a targeted improvement in efficacy, or vice versa."( Treatment comparisons based on two-dimensional safety and efficacy alternatives in oncology trials.
Cheng, SC; Thall, PF, 1999)		0.3
" The male patient was enrolled into the research programme for the evaluation of the association between deletion of the genes encoding a number of classes of glutathione S-transferases (GST) and adverse reactions to alkylating agents."( Growth retardation and osteomalacia as a result of ifosfamide nephrotoxicity in a 3-year-old boy whose genotype reveals the genes encoding glutathione S-transferases GSTM1 and GSTT1.
Bodalski, J; Zielińska, E, 2001)		0.56
" In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of ifosfamide and cisplatin by clinical and biochemical parameters in relation to (99m)Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid ((99m)Tc-DMSA) and Tc(99m)N, N-ethylenedicysteine (EC) renal scintigraphy."( The utility of (99m)Tc-DMSA and Tc(99m)-EC scintigraphy for early diagnosis of ifosfamide induced nephrotoxicity.
Akyuz, C; Caglar, M; Yarís, N, 2001)		0.79
" No toxic death was reported."( Gemcitabine, Ifosfamide and Navelbine (GIN): activity and safety of a non-platinum-based triplet in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Ardizzoni, A; Baldini, E; Boni, L; Cafferata, MA; Conte, PF; Neumaier, C; Prochilo, T; Rosso, R; Tibaldi, C, 2001)		0.68
" Although some adverse effects (e."( Young age and the risk for ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity: a critical review of two opposing studies.
Aleksa, K; Koren, G; Woodland, C, 2001)		0.61
"In large-scale pediatric chemo- and radiotherapy trials a proportion of patients as high as 10-15% is usually reported as having severe treatment related toxicity occasionally resulting in toxic death."( Fatal toxicity following radio- and chemotherapy of medulloblastoma in a child with unrecognized Nijmegen breakage syndrome.
Distel, L; Grabenbauer, G; Holter, W; Neubauer, S; Varon, R, 2003)		0.32
"Renal injury is a common side effect of the chemotherapeutic agent ifosfamide."( Comparative toxicity of ifosfamide metabolites and protective effect of mesna and amifostine in cultured renal tubule cells.
Springate, JE; Taub, M; Zaki, EL, 2003)		0.86
"The aim of the study was an assessment of various risk factors for nephrotoxicity of ifosfamide (IF) in children taking into account the importance of the concentrations of toxic metabolites of the drug excreted with urine and the polymorphism of genes encoding S-glutathione transferases of mi, pi, and theta classes (GSTM1, GSTP1 and GSTT1)."( [Polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase pi locus as a risk factor for ifosfamide nephrotoxicity in children].
Bodalski, J; Zielińska, E; Zubowska, M, 2003)		0.77
" With cyclophosphamide it shares a toxicity profile characterized by myelosuppression and urotoxicity, but ifosfamide has additionally disclosed adverse neurological effects."( Neurological toxicity of ifosfamide.
Giometto, B; Nicolao, P, 2003)		0.84
" An objective causality assessment revealed that an adverse drug reaction was probable."( Vascular neurotoxicity following chemotherapy with cisplatin, ifosfamide, and etoposide.
Bogdahn, U; Dietrich, J; Marienhagen, J; Schalke, B; Schlachetzki, F, 2004)		0.56
"Clinicians should be aware of the potential neurovascular adverse effects of cisplatin-based protocols."( Vascular neurotoxicity following chemotherapy with cisplatin, ifosfamide, and etoposide.
Bogdahn, U; Dietrich, J; Marienhagen, J; Schalke, B; Schlachetzki, F, 2004)		0.56
"Cardiotoxicity is a well-known side effect of several cytotoxic drugs, especially of the anthracyclines and can lead to long term morbidity."( Cardiotoxicity of cytotoxic drugs.
Guchelaar, HJ; Richel, DJ; Schimmel, KJ; van den Brink, RB, 2004)		0.32
" Following an uncomplicated pregnancy, a healthy child was born at full term and careful haematological and immunological monitoring has revealed no adverse effects resulting from exposure to rituximab."( Safety of rituximab therapy during the first trimester of pregnancy: a case history.
Elinder, G; Kimby, E; Sverrisdottir, A, 2004)		0.32
" Nephrotoxicity was a major toxic event and was characterized by creatinine levels at or above three times the upper limit of normal."( High-dose ifosfamide in relapsed pediatric osteosarcoma: therapeutic effects and renal toxicity.
Berberoğlu, S; Berrak, SG; Ilhan, IE; Jaffe, N; Pearson, M, 2005)		0.73
" This will adversely affect the health and well-being of children, especially when the developing kidney is exposed to toxic agents that may lead to acute glomerular, tubular or combined toxicity."( Cytochrome P450 3A and 2B6 in the developing kidney: implications for ifosfamide nephrotoxicity.
Aleksa, K; Gelboin, H; Ito, S; Koren, G; Krausz, K; Matsell, D, 2005)		0.56
" The authors' multidimensional analysis model revealed that besides the total ifosfamide dose and co-administration of other toxic drugs, polymorphic locus of GSTP1 gene may be one of the factors determining a higher toxicity of the cytostatic agent."( Role of GSTM1, GSTP1, and GSTT1 gene polymorphism in ifosfamide metabolism affecting neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in children.
Misiura, K; Zielińska, E; Zubowska, M, 2005)		0.81
"5 million adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports for 8620 drugs/biologics that are listed for 1191 Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction (COSTAR) terms of adverse effects."( Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
Benz, RD; Contrera, JF; Kruhlak, NL; Matthews, EJ; Weaver, JL, 2004)		0.32
" Adverse reactions (AR) were evaluated; quality assurance of data collection reviewed."( Safety assessment of intensive induction with vincristine, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide (VIDE) in the treatment of Ewing tumors in the EURO-E.W.I.N.G. 99 clinical trial.
Craft, A; Juergens, C; Juergens, H; Lewis, I; Michon, J; Oberlin, O; Paulussen, M; Weston, C; Whelan, J; Zoubek, A, 2006)		0.58
"Renal injury is a common side effect of the chemotherapeutic agent ifosfamide."( Ifosfamide toxicity in cultured proximal renal tubule cells.
Springate, J; Taub, M, 2007)		2.02
"Ifosfamide (IF) nephrotoxicity is a serious adverse effect in children undergoing chemotherapy."( The effect of N-acetylcysteine on ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity: in vitro studies in renal tubular cells.
Aleksa, K; Chen, N; Koren, G; Rieder, M; Woodland, C, 2007)		2.06
"Ifosfamide nephrotoxicity is a serious adverse effect for children undergoing cancer chemotherapy."( N-Acetylcysteine prevents ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
Aleksa, K; Chen, N; Koren, G; Rieder, M; Woodland, C, 2008)		2.09
" A potential side effect is neurotoxicity, often manifesting as confusion, hallucination, or seizure."( Characterization of the occurrence of ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity with concomitant aprepitant.
Hatfield Seung, A; Howell, JE; Nesbit, SA; Szabatura, AH, 2008)		0.62
" In the previous five cycles of ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide, the patient had no problems with the neurotoxic adverse effects associated with ifosfamide use."( Possible contribution of aprepitant to ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity.
Jarkowski, A, 2008)		0.9
" The toxic metabolite of IFO thought to be responsible for IFO-induced kidney damage is chloroacetaldehyde (CAA)."( Ifosfamide nephrotoxicity in children: a mechanistic base for pharmacological prevention.
Chen, N; Hanly, L; Koren, G; Rieder, M, 2009)		1.8
" Sequential dose intense ifosfamide, etoposide, carboplatin +/- rituximab was more toxic and no more effective than the same drugs given in a conventional fashion."( Sequential high-dose ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide with rituximab for relapsed Hodgkin and large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: increased toxicity without improvement in progression-free survival.
Beaven, AW; Chao, N; Gabriel, DA; Garcia, RA; Gockerman, JP; Moore, DT; Rizzieri, DA; Serody, JS; Shea, TC, 2009)		0.98
" Electrolyte abnormalities such as hypomagnesaemia and hypokalemia are commonly reported adverse effects, in addition to increased serum creatinine and uremia."( Children's toxicology from bench to bed--Drug-induced renal injury (2): Nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin and ifosfamide in children.
Chayama, K; Fujieda, M; Hayashi, A; Matsunaga, A; Sekine, T; Tauchi, H, 2009)		0.56
"Neurotoxicity is a clinically relevant adverse event observed with the use of ifosfamide."( Ifosfamide encephalopathy and use of methylene blue. A case report of different sequential neurotoxicity.
Garna, A; Giovanis, P; Giusto, M; Marcante, M; Nardi, K, )		1.8
" We assumed that combined toxic effect of gemcitabine and vinorelbine resulted in serious cutaneous toxicity under pre-existing condition of diffuse ichthyosis."( [Serious cutaneous toxicity following ifosfamide, gemcitabine and vinorelbine therapy in a patient with relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma and ichthyosis].
Konífrová, E; Móciková, H; Stríteský, J, 2009)		0.62
" Major treatment-related adverse events were grade 3 or more hematologic toxicities, which included lymphopenia corresponding to dose-limiting toxicity."( Activity and safety of combination chemotherapy with methotrexate, ifosfamide, l-asparaginase and dexamethasone (MILD) for refractory lymphoid malignancies: a pilot study.
Hosone, M; Isobe, Y; Katsuoka, Y; Komatsu, N; Oshimi, K; Shimizu, S; Sugimoto, K; Tsukune, Y; Yasuda, H, 2010)		0.6
" An understanding of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemicals can make a significant contribution to the identification of potential toxic effects early in the drug development process and aid in avoiding such problems."( Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity.
Fisk, L; Greene, N; Naven, RT; Note, RR; Patel, ML; Pelletier, DJ, 2010)		0.36
"A serious adverse effect that can limit the utility of ifosfamide is neurotoxicity, known as ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy (IIE)."( Evaluation of methylene blue, thiamine, and/or albumin in the prevention of ifosfamide-related neurotoxicity.
Marshall, H; McQuary, A; Richards, A, 2011)		0.85
"In addition to hemorrhagic cystitis, Fanconi Syndrome is a serious clinical side effect during ifosfamide (IFO) therapy."( Carnitine deficiency and oxidative stress provoke cardiotoxicity in an ifosfamide-induced Fanconi Syndrome rat model.
Darweesh, AQ; Fatani, AJ; Sayed-Ahmed, MM, )		0.58
"The adverse effects of combination chemotherapy of ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide (ICE) were evaluated in the treatment of various intracranial brain tumors."( [The safety of combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide (ICE): single-institution retrospective review of 108 cases].
Kanamori, M; Kumabe, T; Saito, R; Sonoda, Y; Tominaga, T; Yamashita, Y, 2010)		0.87
" The adverse effects were analyzed based on the the clinical or laboratory examinations."( [The safety of combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide (ICE): single-institution retrospective review of 108 cases].
Kanamori, M; Kumabe, T; Saito, R; Sonoda, Y; Tominaga, T; Yamashita, Y, 2010)		0.62
"Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events ver."( [The safety of combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide (ICE): single-institution retrospective review of 108 cases].
Kanamori, M; Kumabe, T; Saito, R; Sonoda, Y; Tominaga, T; Yamashita, Y, 2010)		0.62
"The high rate of adverse effects requires close follow up and dose reduction."( [The safety of combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide (ICE): single-institution retrospective review of 108 cases].
Kanamori, M; Kumabe, T; Saito, R; Sonoda, Y; Tominaga, T; Yamashita, Y, 2010)		0.62
"Grade 3 toxic events were observed in 18 patients (30%) and Grade 4 events in 6 patients (10%)."( Determinants of toxicity, patterns of failure, and outcome among adult patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity and superficial trunk treated with greater than conventional doses of perioperative high-dose-rate brachytherapy and external beam r
Cambeiro, M; Fernández Sanmamed, M; Gaztañaga, M; Martín-Algarra, S; Martinez-Monge, R; Pagola, M; San Julián, M; San Miguel, I; Vázquez-García, B, 2011)		0.37
"Nephrotoxicity is an inherent adverse effect of certain anticancer drugs and may result in a variety of functional consequences that include any combination of glomerular or tubular dysfunction, hypertension and disturbance of the renal endocrine function."( Nephrotoxicity of anticancer drugs--an underestimated problem?
Kruse, V; Lameire, N; Rottey, S, )		0.13
"The use of oxazaphosphorines (cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide) in the treatment of numerous neoplastic disorders is associated with their essential adverse effect in the form of hemorrhagic cystitis, which considerably limits the safety and efficacy of their pharmacotherapy."( Bladder urotoxicity pathophysiology induced by the oxazaphosphorine alkylating agents and its chemoprevention .
Dobrek, Ł; Thor, PJ, 2012)		0.63
"Since all the latter test compounds, like many toxic compounds, negatively interact with cellular metabolic pathways, we also illustrate our biochemical toxicology approach in which we used not only enzymatic but also carbon 13 NMR measurements and mathematical modelling of metabolic pathways."( Use of precision-cut renal cortical slices in nephrotoxicity studies.
Baverel, G; Duplany, A; El Hage, M; Ferrier, B; Gauthier, C; Knouzy, B; Martin, G, 2013)		0.39
"Cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide are two commonly used DNA-alkylating agents in cancer chemotherapy that undergo biotransformation to several toxic and non-toxic metabolites, including acrolein and chloroacetaldehyde (CAA)."( Acrolein and chloroacetaldehyde: an examination of the cell and cell-free biomarkers of toxicity.
Lau, V; MacAllister, SL; Martin-Brisac, N; O'Brien, PJ; Yang, K, 2013)		0.71
" However, its use is limited due to its serious side effect on kidneys."( Protective effects of alpha lipoic acid versus N-acetylcysteine on ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity.
El-Desoky, KI; El-Sisi, Ael-D; El-Syaad, ME; Moussa, EA, 2015)		0.65
" Two toxic deaths were observed."( High response rate and acceptable toxicity of a combination of rituximab, vinorelbine, ifosfamide, mitoxantrone and prednisone for the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in first relapse: results of the R-NIMP GOELAMS study.
Alexis, M; Arakelyan, N; Banos, A; Cartron, G; Courby, S; Damotte, D; Dreyfus, F; Fontan, J; Gressin, R; Gyan, E; Lamy, T; Laribi, K; Le Gouill, S; Maisonneuve, H; Quittet, P; Schmidt-Tanguy, A; Sénécal, D; Solal-Céligny, P; Tournilhac, O, 2013)		0.61
"Nephrotoxicity is a serious side effect associated with ifosfamide use."( N-acetylcysteine rescue protocol for nephrotoxicity in children caused by ifosfamide.
Hanly, L; Huang, SH; Koren, G; Regueira, O; Rieder, MJ; Shah, RK; Vasylyeva, TL, 2013)		0.87
" The toxic effects of IFOS were analyzed by oxidative parameters and caspase 3 immunohistochemical examinations of brain tissue."( Effect of alpha lipoic acid on ifosfamide-induced central neurotoxicity in rats.
Albayrak, A; Bilen, S; Fadillioglu, E; Ginis, Z; Kurt, SN; Ozturk, G, 2014)		0.69
"Since 1985, we introduced a modified combination of etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (PEI) as second-line therapy of adult male germ cell tumors with the aim to reduce toxic effect while maintaining efficacy over the original regimen."( Modified cisplatin, etoposide, and ifosfamide (PEI) salvage therapy for male germ cell tumors: long-term efficacy and safety outcomes.
Biasoni, D; Catanzaro, M; Farè, E; Giannatempo, P; Gianni, AM; Mariani, L; Milani, A; Necchi, A; Nicolai, N; Piva, L; Pizzocaro, G; Raggi, D; Salvioni, R; Stagni, S; Torelli, T, 2013)		0.91
"2% neurotoxic effect, and no severe renal toxic effect were recorded."( Modified cisplatin, etoposide, and ifosfamide (PEI) salvage therapy for male germ cell tumors: long-term efficacy and safety outcomes.
Biasoni, D; Catanzaro, M; Farè, E; Giannatempo, P; Gianni, AM; Mariani, L; Milani, A; Necchi, A; Nicolai, N; Piva, L; Pizzocaro, G; Raggi, D; Salvioni, R; Stagni, S; Torelli, T, 2013)		0.67
"Ifosfamide combined with other antineoplastic agents has been effective in the treatment of osteosarcoma, although adverse effects are reported in the increasing use of ifosfamide."( Effects of blood purification therapy on a patient with ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity and acute kidney injury.
Enokida, H; Hayami, H; Komiya, S; Nagano, S; Nakagawa, M; Nishimura, H; Yokouchi, M, 2014)		2.09
" However, childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at great risk for developing adverse effects caused by multimodal treatment for their malignancy."( Early and late renal adverse effects after potentially nephrotoxic treatment for childhood cancer.
Blufpand, H; Bökenkamp, A; Jaspers, MW; Knijnenburg, SL; Kremer, LC; Mulder, RL; Schouten-Van Meeteren, AY; van Dulmen-den Broeder, E; Veening, MA, 2013)		0.39
" The full-text screening of the remaining 366 articles resulted in the inclusion of 57 studies investigating the prevalence of and sometimes also risk factors for early and late renal adverse effects of treatment for childhood cancer."( Early and late renal adverse effects after potentially nephrotoxic treatment for childhood cancer.
Blufpand, H; Bökenkamp, A; Jaspers, MW; Knijnenburg, SL; Kremer, LC; Mulder, RL; Schouten-Van Meeteren, AY; van Dulmen-den Broeder, E; Veening, MA, 2013)		0.39
"The prevalence of renal adverse events after treatment with cisplatin, carboplatin, ifosfamide, radiation therapy involving the kidney region and/or nephrectomy ranged from 0% to 84%."( Early and late renal adverse effects after potentially nephrotoxic treatment for childhood cancer.
Blufpand, H; Bökenkamp, A; Jaspers, MW; Knijnenburg, SL; Kremer, LC; Mulder, RL; Schouten-Van Meeteren, AY; van Dulmen-den Broeder, E; Veening, MA, 2013)		0.61
" Five patients did not complete treatments because of adverse events."( AMC 048: modified CODOX-M/IVAC-rituximab is safe and effective for HIV-associated Burkitt lymphoma.
Ambinder, R; Baiocchi, R; Cesarman, E; Kaplan, L; Lee, JY; Noy, A; Ratner, L; Reid, E; Wagner-Johnston, N, 2015)		0.42
" Those results are in agreement with literature data reporting that intracellular CAA toxic concentrations range from 35 to 320 μM, after therapeutic ifosfamide dosing."( Investigation of ifosfamide and chloroacetaldehyde renal toxicity through integration of in vitro liver-kidney microfluidic data and pharmacokinetic-system biology models.
Bois, FY; Hamon, J; Leclerc, E, 2016)		0.97
" Risk ratios (RRs) were pooled to compare good histologic response rates and adverse event incidence."( Efficacy and safety of ifosfamide-based chemotherapy for osteosarcoma: a meta-analysis.
Cai, GP; Ding, GM; Fan, XL; Zhu, LL, 2015)		0.73
" leopoliensis, suggesting that no stable TPs with adverse effects were formed."( Ecotoxicity and genotoxicity of cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, their metabolites/transformation products and their mixtures.
Česen, M; Eleršek, T; Filipič, M; Heath, E; Kosjek, T; Novak, M; Žegura, B, 2016)		0.69
" Objective The aim of this study was to determine if a rapid hydration protocol resulted in a shorter time to chemotherapy administration and during peak staffing levels without increasing adverse effects."( Evaluation of a rapid hydration protocol: Safety and effectiveness.
Hilliard, J; Meredith, S; Vaillancourt, R, 2017)		0.46
" This single-center prospective study demonstrated that the dose-modified IVE regimen can be used as a safe treatment with high mobilizing efficacy in heavily pretreated lymphoma patients."( Dose-Modified Ifosfamide, Epirubicin, and Etoposide is a Safe and Effective Salvage Therapy with High Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Mobilization Capacity for Poorly Mobilized Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patients.
Arima, N; Fukunaga, A; Hyuga, M; Iwasaki, M; Kishimoto, W; Maesako, Y; Nakae, Y, 2016)		0.79
"Many adverse drug reactions are caused by the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent activation of drugs into reactive metabolites."( Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
Jones, LH; Nadanaciva, S; Rana, P; Will, Y, 2016)		0.43
"Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is one of the most frequent adverse events in pharmacotherapy."( Assessment of hepatic metabolism-dependent nephrotoxicity on an organs-on-a-chip microdevice.
Jiang, L; Li, Z; Qin, J; Shi, Y; Su, W; Tao, T; Xu, C; Zhu, Y, 2018)		0.48
"Radiochemotherapy involving cisplatinum-based polychemotherapy is more toxic than radiotherapy in combination with temozolomide."( Concurrent radiotherapy with temozolomide vs. concurrent radiotherapy with a cisplatinum-based polychemotherapy regimen : Acute toxicity in pediatric high-grade glioma patients.
Bison, B; Bojko, S; Gielen, GH; Hoffmann, M; Kortmann, RD; Kramm, CM; Pietsch, T; Seidel, C; von Bueren, AO; Warmuth-Metz, M, 2018)		0.48
"BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare nutrition-related adverse events and clinical outcomes of ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide regimen (ICE therapy) and ranimustine, carboplatin, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide regimen (MCEC therapy) instituted as pretreatment for autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation."( Comparison of Nutrition-Related Adverse Events and Clinical Outcomes Between ICE (Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide) and MCEC (Ranimustine, Carboplatin, Etoposide, and Cyclophosphamide) Therapies as Pretreatment for Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem C
Aoyama, T; Arai, H; Ikeda, T; Imataki, O; Ishide, K; Katsumata, N; Kume, T; Mori, M; Shiozaki, H, 2018)		0.92
" There is significant uncertainty as to whether using closed-system drug-transfer devices (CSTD) in addition to safe handling decreases the contamination and risk of staff exposure to infusional hazardous drugs compared to safe handling alone."( Closed-system drug-transfer devices plus safe handling of hazardous drugs versus safe handling alone for reducing exposure to infusional hazardous drugs in healthcare staff.
Best, LM; Bussières, JF; Gurusamy, KS; Korva, M; Lennan, E; Tanguay, C, 2018)		0.48
"To assess the effects of closed-system drug-transfer of infusional hazardous drugs plus safe handling versus safe handling alone for reducing staff exposure to infusional hazardous drugs and risk of staff contamination."( Closed-system drug-transfer devices plus safe handling of hazardous drugs versus safe handling alone for reducing exposure to infusional hazardous drugs in healthcare staff.
Best, LM; Bussières, JF; Gurusamy, KS; Korva, M; Lennan, E; Tanguay, C, 2018)		0.48
"We included comparative studies of any study design (irrespective of language, blinding, or publication status) that compared CSTD plus safe handling versus safe handling alone for infusional hazardous drugs."( Closed-system drug-transfer devices plus safe handling of hazardous drugs versus safe handling alone for reducing exposure to infusional hazardous drugs in healthcare staff.
Best, LM; Bussières, JF; Gurusamy, KS; Korva, M; Lennan, E; Tanguay, C, 2018)		0.48
" In 21 studies, the people who used the intervention (CSTD plus safe handling) and control (safe handling alone) were pharmacists or pharmacy technicians; in the other two studies, the people who used the intervention and control were nurses, pharmacists, or pharmacy technicians."( Closed-system drug-transfer devices plus safe handling of hazardous drugs versus safe handling alone for reducing exposure to infusional hazardous drugs in healthcare staff.
Best, LM; Bussières, JF; Gurusamy, KS; Korva, M; Lennan, E; Tanguay, C, 2018)		0.48
"There is currently no evidence to support or refute the routine use of closed-system drug transfer devices in addition to safe handling of infusional hazardous drugs, as there is no evidence of differences in exposure or financial benefits between CSTD plus safe handling versus safe handling alone (very low-quality evidence)."( Closed-system drug-transfer devices plus safe handling of hazardous drugs versus safe handling alone for reducing exposure to infusional hazardous drugs in healthcare staff.
Best, LM; Bussières, JF; Gurusamy, KS; Korva, M; Lennan, E; Tanguay, C, 2018)		0.48
"Our study showed that the outpatient administration of interval-compressed regimen is safe and associated with acceptable adherence to this regimen."( Safety and Cost-effectiveness of Outpatient Administration of High-dose Chemotherapy in Children With Ewing Sarcoma.
Alnassan, A; Elshahoubi, A; Sultan, I, 2019)		0.51
" Our results suggest that f-R-ICE is a safe and effective salvage therapy for r/r DLBCL and can be used for older patients and/or those with high CCI scores in outpatient clinics."( Fractionated ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide with rituximab as a safe and effective treatment for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma with severe comorbidities.
Imai, Y; Shiseki, M; Tanaka, J; Tanaka, N; Yoshinaga, K, 2020)		0.93
" Common treatment-related adverse events (all grades) were diarrhoea (35."( Randomised phase 2 study comparing the efficacy and safety of the oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib with single agent ifosfamide in patients with advanced, inoperable, metastatic soft tissue sarcoma after failure of first-line chemotherapy: EORTC-
Bovée, JVMG; Brahmi, M; Charon-Barra, C; Cousin, S; de Haan, J; De Meulemeester, L; Domènech, M; Dudzisz-Śledź, M; Estival, A; Gelderblom, H; Karavasilis, V; Litière, S; Marquina, G; Marreaud, S; Olungu, C; Schöffski, P; Steeghs, N; Toulmonde, M; Wozniak, A, 2021)		0.83
" The primary endpoint compares and evaluates the side effect profiles of ifosfamide-treated patients in the OP/IP settings."( Transitioning ifosfamide chemotherapy regimens to the ambulatory setting: reviewing cost savings and safety profile.
Arredondo, A; Babiker, H; Banh, C; Boiles, AR; Elquza, E; Kraft, A; McBride, A; Notbohm, K; Ortega, A; Persky, D; Valsvik, K, 2022)		1.31
" The current processes allow for safe transition of chemotherapy of chemotherapy under times of COVID."( Transitioning ifosfamide chemotherapy regimens to the ambulatory setting: reviewing cost savings and safety profile.
Arredondo, A; Babiker, H; Banh, C; Boiles, AR; Elquza, E; Kraft, A; McBride, A; Notbohm, K; Ortega, A; Persky, D; Valsvik, K, 2022)		1.08
"Ifosfamide (IFO) is used for treating childhood solid tumors, but its use is limited by its adverse effects on kidneys."( Morin mitigates ifosfamide induced nephrotoxicity by regulation of NF-kappaB/p53 and Bcl-2 expression.
Çomaklı, S; Kandemir, FM; Küçükler, S; Özdemir, S, 2022)		2.51
" Kidney adverse effects may include acute kidney injury (via tubular injury, tubulointerstitial nephritis, glomerular disease and thrombotic microangiopathy), long-term kidney function loss and CKD, and electrolyte disturbances."( Conventional Chemotherapy Nephrotoxicity.
Daher, A; Gupta, S; Kitchlu, A; Portales-Castillo, I, 2021)		0.62
" Aprepitant is administered as an anti-emetic agent in chemotherapy and regarding the inhibitory effect on CYP3A4, aprepitant can increase the risk of ifosfamide adverse effects."( Aprepitant, fosaprepitant and risk of ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity: a systematic review.
Mohammadpour, AH; Rahimi, H; Sadeghi, M; Samadi, S; Vazirian, F, 2022)		1.19
" The treatment group received a toxic dose once daily of each investigated drug for 1 week."( Genome-wide gene expression analysis reveals molecular insights into the drug-induced toxicity of nephrotoxic agents.
Cho, YS; Kim, DH; Long, NP; Oh, JH; Park, SM; Phat, NK; Shin, JG; Thu, VTA; Yen, NTH; Yoon, S, 2022)		0.72
" It is important to identify both the therapeutic ingredients and the toxic components to better utilize this TCM."( Assessment of in vitro cardiotoxicity of extract fractions and diterpene alkaloids from Aconitum leucostomum Worosch: A short communication.
Ji, T; Nie, J; Wang, F; Zhao, F; Zhao, J, 2017)		0.46

Pharmacokinetics

A multicompartment pharmacokinetic model for ifosfamide has been employed using a system of first-order differential equations. Both schedules resulted in a reduction in the elimination half-life with an increased total and nonrenal clearance of ifosFamide over the 5-day period. A positive correlation was found between the eliminationhalf-life of ifOSFamide and age (r = 0.01)

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"A multicompartment pharmacokinetic model for ifosfamide has been employed using a system of first-order differential equations, which includes a term for metabolism according to Michaelis-Menten kinetics in order to describe the distribution and elimination parameters of ifosfamide in man."( Pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide.
Allen, LM; Creaven, PJ, 1975)		0.84
" The plasma decay of IP is biphasic with a terminal half-life of 15."( Studies on the human pharmacokinetics of isophosphamide (NSC-109724).
Allen, LM; Creaven, PJ; Nelson, RL, 1976)		0.26
" Independent of the route of ifosfamide application on day 1, the terminal half-life on day 3 (when the drug was given by the alternative route) was decreased in 6 out of the 12 patients, thus indicating self-induction of hepatic metabolism."( Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous ifosfamide.
Cerny, T; Küpfer, A; Kurowski, V; Wagner, T, 1991)		0.82
" Pharmacokinetic data of ifosfamide and its metabolites in these cases are scanty."( Gas chromatographic determination of ifosfamide in microvolumes of urine and plasma.
Beijnen, JH; Bult, A; de Kraker, J; Kaijser, GP; Underberg, WJ; Wiese, G, 1991)		0.86
" Similar results were found in toxicity and pharmacokinetic studies conducted in non-tumor-bearing female CBA/CaJ mice."( Efficacy, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and in vitro metabolism of the enantiomers of ifosfamide in mice.
Houghton, PJ; Masurel, D; Wainer, IW; Young, CL, 1990)		0.5
" The assay has been validated for routine clinical and pharmacokinetic use and has a limit of detection in plasma of 250 ng/ml of each isomer."( The determination of (-)-(S)- and (+)-(R)-ifosfamide in plasma using enantioselective gas chromatography: a validated assay for pharmacokinetic and clinical studies.
Frank, H; Stewart, CR; Wainer, IW; Young, CL, 1989)		0.54
" Both schedules resulted in a reduction in the elimination half-life with an increased total and nonrenal clearance of ifosfamide over the 5-day period."( Comparative pharmacokinetics and alkylating activity of fractionated intravenous and oral ifosfamide in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma.
Cerny, T; Lind, MJ; Margison, JM; Thatcher, N; Wilkinson, PM, 1989)		0.71
" The collected experience emphasizes the many individual variables encountered in clinical practice complicating the effort of correlating pharmacokinetic data with clinical results."( Pharmacokinetic studies in lung cancer patients.
Cattaneo, MT; Piazza, E; Varini, M, 1984)		0.27
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of ifosfamide do not correlate with age, sex and weight."( Ifosfamide metabolism and pharmacokinetics (review).
Beijnen, JH; Bult, A; Kaijser, GP; Underberg, WJ, )		1.85
" Distinct pharmacokinetic properties of mesna are responsible for the fact that in contrast to other sulphydryl compounds the uroprotective activity of mesna does not imply a loss of therapeutic efficacy."( Ifosfamide clinical pharmacokinetics.
Wagner, T, 1994)		1.73
" As compared with the values obtained on day 1, on day 5 the terminal half-life and AUC values determined for IF were reduced by 30% (6."( Comparative pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide, 4-hydroxyifosfamide, chloroacetaldehyde, and 2- and 3-dechloroethylifosfamide in patients on fractionated intravenous ifosfamide therapy.
Kurowski, V; Wagner, T, 1993)		0.57
"4 and 38 degrees C, the IPM solution showed a half-life of 45 min."( Preclinical pharmacokinetics and stability of isophosphoramide mustard.
Chan, KK; Muggia, F; Zheng, JJ, 1994)		0.29
" Estimated pharmacokinetic parameters (clearance, volume of distribution, and half-life) were dependent on body size and age but not any other patient variable."( Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ifosfamide administered as a continuous infusion in children.
Boddy, AV; Idle, JR; Pearson, AD; Price, L; Wyllie, R; Yule, SM, 1993)		0.56
" Plasma ifosfamide concentrations were assayed by gas liquid chromatography and pharmacokinetic parameters were imputed using non-compartmental analysis."( A study of 5 day fractionated ifosfamide pharmacokinetics in consecutive treatment cycles.
Lewis, LD, 1996)		1.02
" This study reports the results of a pharmacokinetic study of the parent drug and the two dechloroethylated metabolites in 22 patients on a 10-day continuous infusion of ifosfamide."( Pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide, 2- and 3-dechloroethylifosfamide in plasma and urine of cancer patients treated with a 10-day continuous infusion of ifosfamide.
Beijnen, JH; Bult, A; Kaijser, GP; Keizer, HJ; Underberg, WJ, )		0.65
" IFO pharmacokinetic studies were performed on the first and third day of each course."( Phenobarbital administration does not affect high-dose ifosfamide pharmacokinetics in humans.
Lokiec, F; Santoni, J; Tubiana-Hulin, M; Weill, S, 1996)		0.54
" These interesting data prompted us to conduct the preclinical pharmacokinetic studies in rats."( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of stereoisomeric analogues of ifosfamide.
Hładoń, B; Laskowska, H; Sloderbach, A, 1996)		0.53
" Pharmacokinetic studies were performed on day 1 of the first course in 33 patients and repeated on day 14 in 13 patients (once-daily schedule only)."( Clinical effects and pharmacokinetics of the fusion protein PIXY321 in children receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy.
Arnold, B; Furman, WL; Garrison, L; Hanna, R; Luo, X; Marina, N; Meyer, WH; Pratt, CB; Rodman, JH; Tonda, ME, 1998)		0.3
" The pharmacokinetic studies suggest that the observed lack of hematologic benefit may be explained by low plasma concentrations resulting from increased clearance with prolonged administration."( Clinical effects and pharmacokinetics of the fusion protein PIXY321 in children receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy.
Arnold, B; Furman, WL; Garrison, L; Hanna, R; Luo, X; Marina, N; Meyer, WH; Pratt, CB; Rodman, JH; Tonda, ME, 1998)		0.3
" These results indicate that there is no identifiable pharmacokinetic basis for insistence on either bolus or infusional methods of IFOS administration."( The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ifosfamide during bolus and infusional administration: a randomized cross-over study.
Brennan, C; Hartley, JM; Nicholson, PW; Singer, JM; Souhami, RL, 1998)		0.57
" The present pharmacokinetic study investigates the potential for modulation of these alternative pathways of IF metabolism in vivo using the adult male Fischer 344 rat model."( Modulation of P450-dependent ifosfamide pharmacokinetics: a better understanding of drug activation in vivo.
Brain, EG; Drewes, P; Gustafsson, K; Waxman, DJ; Yu, LJ, 1998)		0.59
" In this study we compare the differences in the pharmacokinetic profile between the two schedules."( Pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide administered according to three different schedules in metastatic soft tissue and bone sarcomas.
Bergnolo, P; Boglione, A; Bumma, C; Colussi, AM; Comandone, A; Dal Canton, O; Frustaci, S; Leone, L; Monteleone, M; Oliva, C, 1998)		0.62
" The in vivo modulation of these alternative, competing pathways of P-450 metabolism was investigated in pharmacokinetic studies carried out in the rat model."( In vivo modulation of alternative pathways of P-450-catalyzed cyclophosphamide metabolism: impact on pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity.
Brain, EG; Drewes, P; Gustafsson, K; Hecht, JE; Waxman, DJ; Yu, LJ, 1999)		0.3
" Two pharmacokinetic models were compared."( Pharmacokinetic modelling of ifosfamide administered by continuous infusion on 5 days at the dose of 6 g/m2.
Arnaud, P; Brion, F; Delepine, G; Delepine, N; Desbois, JC; Passe, P; Traoré, F; Urien, S, )		0.42
" In 25 patients (27 cycles) extensive pharmacokinetic analyses were performed."( Saturable metabolism of continuous high-dose ifosfamide with mesna and GM-CSF: a pharmacokinetic study in advanced sarcoma patients. Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK).
Boddy, AV; Brunner, J; Cerny, T; Honegger, P; Küpfer, A; Leyvraz, S; Schaad, R; Schmitz, SF; Sessa, C; von Briel, T, 1999)		0.56
" Interpatient variability of pharmacokinetic parameters was high."( Saturable metabolism of continuous high-dose ifosfamide with mesna and GM-CSF: a pharmacokinetic study in advanced sarcoma patients. Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK).
Boddy, AV; Brunner, J; Cerny, T; Honegger, P; Küpfer, A; Leyvraz, S; Schaad, R; Schmitz, SF; Sessa, C; von Briel, T, 1999)		0.56
" More robust assay methods for the 4-hydroxy metabolites may reveal more about the clinical pharmacology of these drugs, but at present the best pharmacodynamic data indicate an inverse relationship between plasma concentration of parent drug and either toxicity or antitumour effect."( Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of oxazaphosphorines.
Boddy, AV; Yule, SM, 2000)		0.31
" By application of the autoinduction model individual pharmacokinetic profiles of patients were described with adequate precision."( Evaluation of the autoinduction of ifosfamide metabolism by a population pharmacokinetic approach using NONMEM.
Beijnen, JH; Huitema, AD; Keizer, HJ; Kerbusch, T; Mathôt, RA; Ouwerkerk, J; Schellens, JH, 2000)		0.58
"To determine the population pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of doxorubicin (Dox), etoposide (Eto) and ifosfamide (Ifo) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients, to assess the potential relationship between those parameters and to estimate the impact of individual morphological and biological covariates on patients' PK parameters."( Population pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin, etoposide and ifosfamide in small cell lung cancer patients: results of a multicentre study.
Ardiet, C; Boissel, JP; Court-Fortune, I; Freyer, G; Girard, P; Ligneau, B; Rebattu, P; Riou, R; Souquet, PJ; Tranchand, B; Trillet-Lenoir, V, 2000)		0.77
" In most clinical pharmacokinetic studies, the phenomenon of autoinduction has been observed, but the mechanism is not completely understood."( Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ifosfamide and its metabolites.
Beijnen, JH; de Kraker, J; Groen, HJ; Jansen, RL; Keizer, HJ; Kerbusch, T; Schellens, JH; van Putten, JW, 2001)		0.56
" An integrated population pharmacokinetic model was used to describe the autoinducible pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide and its four metabolites in 56 patients."( Influence of dose and infusion duration on pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide and metabolites.
Beijnen, JH; Kaijser, GP; Keizer, HJ; Kerbusch, T; Mathôt, RA; Schellens, JH, 2001)		0.76
"The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model that could describe the pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide."( Population pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide and its 2- and 3-dechloroethylated and 4-hydroxylated metabolites in resistant small-cell lung cancer patients.
Beijnen, JH; Groen, HJ; Huitema, AD; Kerbusch, T; Mathĵt, RA; vanPutten, JW, 2001)		0.81
" The population pharmacokinetic model was built in a sequential manner, starting with a covariate-free model and progressing to a covariate model with the aid of generalised additive modelling."( Population pharmacokinetics and exploratory pharmacodynamics of ifosfamide and metabolites after a 72-h continuous infusion in patients with soft tissue sarcoma.
Beijnen, JH; Keizer, HJ; Kerbusch, T; Mathĵt, RA; Ouwerkerk, J; Rodenhuis, S; Schellens, JH, 2001)		0.55
" Autoinduction, dependent on ifosfamide levels, was characterised by an induction half-life of 11."( Population pharmacokinetics and exploratory pharmacodynamics of ifosfamide and metabolites after a 72-h continuous infusion in patients with soft tissue sarcoma.
Beijnen, JH; Keizer, HJ; Kerbusch, T; Mathĵt, RA; Ouwerkerk, J; Rodenhuis, S; Schellens, JH, 2001)		0.84
" Following drug administration in male rats, (R)-IF exhibited a lower area under the curve value and a shorter half-life of 34."( Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide in male and female rats.
Chan, KK; Lu, H; Wang, JJ, 2000)		0.58
" Since such treatment is relatively toxic, pharmacokinetic characteristics of total and ultrafiltered platinum, representing different species of platinum complexes formed, were investigated in 29 patients in relation to toxicity."( Toxicity of high-dose carboplatin: ultrafiltered and not total plasma pharmacokinetics is of clinical relevance.
Beyer, J; Jaehde, U; Kloft, C; Siegert, W, 2002)		0.31
"A fast metabolism of TRO with a half-life of about 1 h was observed."( New insights into the clinical pharmacokinetics of trofosfamide.
Brinker, A; Brüggemann, SK; Kisro, J; Letsch, C; Wagner, T, 2002)		0.31
" The pharmacodynamic effects of mesna on depleting plasma cysteine, a GSH precursor, were evaluated in 22 patients as part of a Phase I study."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mesna-mediated plasma cysteine depletion.
Booker, BM; Creaven, P; Pendyala, L; Perez, R; Smith, PF, 2003)		0.32
" The optimal sequence of chemotherapeutic agents was investigated by reversing the order of administration in the second cycle and by collecting a total of six pharmacokinetic blood samples per cycle from all patients during the first and second cycles."( Docetaxel-ifosfamide combination chemotherapy in patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer: a phase I pharmacokinetic study.
Hervonen, P; Jekunen, A; Kellokumpu-Lehtinen, P; Lefebvre, P, 2003)		0.72
" Using pharmacokinetic modeling of experimental data, we show that the median level of chloroacetaldehyde in RT cells is 80 micromol/L, ranging from 35 to 320 micromol/L."( Renal-tubule metabolism of ifosfamide to the nephrotoxic chloroacetaldehyde: pharmacokinetic modeling for estimation of intracellular levels.
Aleksa, K; Ito, S; Koren, G, 2004)		0.62
" The authors evaluated the impact of factors such as age and prior nephrotoxic agents on MTX pharmacokinetics in children and young adults with osteosarcoma and examined whether MTX pharmacokinetic parameters were associated with outcome."( High-dose methotrexate pharmacokinetics and outcome of children and young adults with osteosarcoma.
Crews, KR; Daw, NC; Link, MP; Liu, T; Meyer, WH; Panetta, JC; Rodriguez-Galindo, C; Tan, M, 2004)		0.32
" In patients with localized osteosarcoma, a higher mean MTX area under the curve, a higher mean peak concentration of MTX, a longer mean time above a threshold concentration (500 microM), and a lower mean MTX clearance were associated with lower probability of event-free survival (EFS)."( High-dose methotrexate pharmacokinetics and outcome of children and young adults with osteosarcoma.
Crews, KR; Daw, NC; Link, MP; Liu, T; Meyer, WH; Panetta, JC; Rodriguez-Galindo, C; Tan, M, 2004)		0.32
" With a short apparent half-life (1."( Investigations on the pharmacokinetics of trofosfamide and its metabolites-first report of 4-hydroxy-trofosfamide kinetics in humans.
Baumann, F; Niederwieser, D; Niemeyer, U; Pönisch, W; Preiss, R; Stefanovic, D, 2004)		0.32
" Irinotecan pharmacokinetic investigations were performed before ifosfamide (day 1), after 3 days of ifosfamide (day 3), and 9 days after the end of ifosfamide (day 12)."( Effect of fractionated ifosfamide on the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan in pediatric patients with osteosarcoma.
Crews, KR; Daw, NC; Liu, T; Rodriguez-Galindo, C; Santana, VM; Stewart, CF, 2004)		0.87
" Fractionated dosing causes a greater degree of DNA damage, which may suggest a greater degree of efficacy, with a good correlation between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data."( Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ifosfamide in relation to DNA damage assessed by the COMET assay in children with cancer.
Boddy, AV; Cholerton, S; Ford, D; Parry, A; Pearson, AD; Price, L; Tilby, MJ; Willits, I, 2005)		0.61
" Samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were obtained after the MTD was reached."( Phase I trial and pharmacokinetic analysis of ifosfamide in cats with sarcomas.
Beaulieu, BB; Kristal, O; Lewis, LD; Moore, AS; Northrup, NC; Page, RL; Rassnick, KM, 2006)		0.59
" Correlations between pharmacokinetic variables and ifosfamide-associated toxicoses were not found."( Phase I trial and pharmacokinetic analysis of ifosfamide in cats with sarcomas.
Beaulieu, BB; Kristal, O; Lewis, LD; Moore, AS; Northrup, NC; Page, RL; Rassnick, KM, 2006)		0.84
" Bayesian designed limited pharmacokinetic data were collected from an additional 41 patients."( Assessment of ifosfamide pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and relation to CYP3A4 activity as measured by the erythromycin breath test in patients with sarcoma.
Baker, LH; Chugh, R; Griffith, KA; Leu, KM; Taylor, JM; Thomas, DG; Wagner, T; Worden, FP; Zalupski, MM, 2007)		0.7
" ERMBT was not found to correlate with pharmacokinetic parameters of ifosfamide and metabolites or toxicity."( Assessment of ifosfamide pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and relation to CYP3A4 activity as measured by the erythromycin breath test in patients with sarcoma.
Baker, LH; Chugh, R; Griffith, KA; Leu, KM; Taylor, JM; Thomas, DG; Wagner, T; Worden, FP; Zalupski, MM, 2007)		0.93
" The peak concentration and area under the curve (AUC) were determined for the parent compound and the metabolites 4-hydroxyifosfamide and chloracetaldehyde in eight patients who received two cycles of ICE chemotherapy (ifosfamide 5 g/m(2) day 1, carboplatin 300 mg/m(2) day 1, etoposide 100 mg/m(2) days 1-3)."( Influence of short-term use of dexamethasone on the pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide in patients.
Brüggemann, SK; Peters, SO; Pfäffle, S; Wagner, T, 2007)		0.78
" However, this in vitro concentration of NAC needed to be compared to those used in human pharmacokinetic studies since the in vitro pharmacological effect of a compound is achieved at concentrations exceeding those used in clinical."( Prevention of ifosfamide nephrotoxicity by N-acetylcysteine: clinical pharmacokinetic considerations.
Aleksa, K; Chen, N; Koren, G; Rieder, M; Woodland, C, 2007)		0.7
" * No differences according to time of infusion have been identified in traditional pharmacokinetic endpoints, such as area under the curve."( Population pharmacokinetics and exploratory pharmacodynamics of ifosfamide according to continuous or short infusion schedules: an n = 1 randomized study.
Brain, EG; Gutierrez, M; Lokiec, F; Rezai, K; Urien, S, 2008)		0.58
" * Pharmacodynamic modelling (renal and haematological toxicity) allows further simulations of new schedules with favourable toxicity profiles."( Population pharmacokinetics and exploratory pharmacodynamics of ifosfamide according to continuous or short infusion schedules: an n = 1 randomized study.
Brain, EG; Gutierrez, M; Lokiec, F; Rezai, K; Urien, S, 2008)		0.58
" The pharmacodynamic parameters included were renal toxicity and myelosuppression measured using urinary beta(2)-microglobulin (BMG) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC), respectively."( Population pharmacokinetics and exploratory pharmacodynamics of ifosfamide according to continuous or short infusion schedules: an n = 1 randomized study.
Brain, EG; Gutierrez, M; Lokiec, F; Rezai, K; Urien, S, 2008)		0.58
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)		0.35
"To investigate the prognostic value of systemic exposure to etoposide (Area Under the concentration Curve (AUC(VP16))) on overall survival (OS) in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC)."( Etoposide pharmacokinetics and survival in patients with small cell lung cancer: a multicentre study.
Chabaud, S; Court-Fortune, I; Falandry, C; Fournel, C; Freyer, G; Girard, P; Ribba, B; Souquet, PJ; Tod, M; Tranchand, B; Trillet-Lenoir, V; You, B, 2008)		0.35
" Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a linear relation between the area under the concentration-versus-time curve (AUC) and dose."( Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of the glucose-conjugated cytotoxic agent D-19575 (glufosfamide) in patients with solid tumors.
Akashi, Y; Fukuoka, M; Miyazaki, M; Nakagawa, K; Okamoto, I; Ozaki, T; Satoh, T; Shimizu, T; Tamura, K, 2010)		0.36
" Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) assessments were performed."( Decreased exposure to sunitinib due to concomitant administration of ifosfamide: results of a phase I and pharmacokinetic study on the combination of sunitinib and ifosfamide in patients with advanced solid malignancies.
den Hollander, M; Gelderblom, H; Hamberg, P; Loos, WJ; Sleijfer, S; Steeghs, N; Tascilar, M; van de Biessen, D; Verweij, J, 2010)		0.6
" Topotecan pharmacokinetic analyses were carried out, and topoisomerase I levels and activity were measured."( Phase I Study of Topotecan, Ifosfamide, and Etoposide (TIME) with autologous stem cell transplant in refractory cancer: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic correlates.
Dawson, JL; Field, TL; Fields, KK; Goldstein, SC; Kim, J; Lush, RM; Maddox, BL; Neuger, AM; Partyka, JS; Perkins, JB; Simonelli, CE; Sullivan, DM, 2011)		0.66
" Pharmacokinetic monitoring may be a valuable tool for optimizing the use of topotecan and to avoid toxicity seen with high-systemic exposures."( Phase I Study of Topotecan, Ifosfamide, and Etoposide (TIME) with autologous stem cell transplant in refractory cancer: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic correlates.
Dawson, JL; Field, TL; Fields, KK; Goldstein, SC; Kim, J; Lush, RM; Maddox, BL; Neuger, AM; Partyka, JS; Perkins, JB; Simonelli, CE; Sullivan, DM, 2011)		0.66
" This method was applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study of 4-OHIFO from IFO and three derivatives RXIFO in mice."( Simultaneous quantification of preactivated ifosfamide derivatives and of 4-hydroxyifosfamide by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in mouse plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study.
Chapuis, H; Couvreur, P; Daudigeos-Dubus, E; Deroussent, A; Desmaële, D; Durand, S; Le Dret, L; Maury, A; Paci, A; Skarbek, C, 2015)		0.68
" A pharmacokinetic (PK) model described the production of CAA by the hepatocytes and its transport to the renal cells."( Investigation of ifosfamide and chloroacetaldehyde renal toxicity through integration of in vitro liver-kidney microfluidic data and pharmacokinetic-system biology models.
Bois, FY; Hamon, J; Leclerc, E, 2016)		0.77
" Much attention has focussed on pharmacokinetic interactions attributable to effects on hepatic microsomal enzymes, but not on competition for the renal organic anion transport system."( The pharmacokinetics of high-dose methotrexate in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy.
Bendle, M; Boffito, M; Bower, M; Dalla Pria, A; Ramaswami, R, 2016)		0.43
" MTX elimination half-life was correlated with age, renal function and antiretroviral regimen."( The pharmacokinetics of high-dose methotrexate in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy.
Bendle, M; Boffito, M; Bower, M; Dalla Pria, A; Ramaswami, R, 2016)		0.43
" The median MTX elimination half-life was 21."( The pharmacokinetics of high-dose methotrexate in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy.
Bendle, M; Boffito, M; Bower, M; Dalla Pria, A; Ramaswami, R, 2016)		0.43
"Although there is potential competition for active renal tubular transporters between MTX and tenofovir, no prolongation of MTX half-life was observed."( The pharmacokinetics of high-dose methotrexate in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy.
Bendle, M; Boffito, M; Bower, M; Dalla Pria, A; Ramaswami, R, 2016)		0.43
"A population pharmacokinetic approach was applied to analyze data obtained in 42 patients at cycle 1 (without aprepitant) and cycle 2 (with aprepitant for 34 of them)."( Population pharmacokinetic analysis reveals no impact of aprepitant on the pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide, 2-dechloroifosfamide, and 3-dechloroifosfamide.
Allal, B; Chaltiel, L; Chatelut, E; Chevreau, C; Filleron, T; Firmin, N; Lambert, M; Mseddi, M; Toulmonde, M; Valentin, T; Yakoubi, M, 2023)		1.13
"A previously published pharmacokinetic model including a time-dependency process well fit the data."( Population pharmacokinetic analysis reveals no impact of aprepitant on the pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide, 2-dechloroifosfamide, and 3-dechloroifosfamide.
Allal, B; Chaltiel, L; Chatelut, E; Chevreau, C; Filleron, T; Firmin, N; Lambert, M; Mseddi, M; Toulmonde, M; Valentin, T; Yakoubi, M, 2023)		1.13
" The pharmacokinetic profile of lappaconitine was linear at relatively lower dose levels (1."( Pharmacokinetic study of lappaconitine hydrobromide in mice by LC-MS.
Gao, LY; Hao, JJ; Li, MH; Li, ZJ; Sun, L; Sun, YM; Wang, Q; Zhang, X, 2011)		0.37
" The validated method has been applied to a pharmacokinetic study of 16-O-demethylaconitine in rats, following oral administration of aconitine."( Relative quantification of the metabolite of aconitine in rat urine by LC-ESI-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetics.
He, H; Yan, F, 2012)		0.38

Compound-Compound Interactions

40 patients (92% pretreated) with deep-seated, advanced soft tissue sarcomas were treated at the University of Munich. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, biological interactions, and toxicities of ifosfamide.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Nine patients with osteosarcoma were treated by chemotherapy combined with caffeine and surgery."( Effect of chemotherapy combined with caffeine for osteosarcoma.
Baba, H; Tomita, K; Tsuchiya, H; Ueda, Y; Yasutake, H; Yokogawa, A, 1992)		0.28
"From July 1986 to 1990, 65 patients with deep-seated, advanced sarcomas (43 soft-tissue sarcomas, 12 Ewing's sarcomas, 7 chondrosarcomas and 3 osteosarcomas) were entered in a protocol involving regional hyperthermia (RHT) combined with systemic ifosfamide and etoposide."( Improvement of local control by regional hyperthermia combined with systemic chemotherapy (ifosfamide plus etoposide) in advanced sarcomas: updated report on 65 patients.
Denzlinger, C; Gerl, A; Issels, RD; Mittermüller, J; Ortmaier, A; Sauer, H; Simon, W; Wilmanns, W, 1991)		0.68
"Combination chemotherapy is widely employed in clinical oncology; however, there is no generally accepted model to evaluate individual tumour susceptibility to a given drug combination protocol."( In vitro studies on drug interaction of ifosfamide and ACNU in primary and metastatic human brain tumours.
Apfel, R; Behl, C; Bogdahn, U; Drenkard, D; Lutz, M, 1991)		0.55
" In the present study, we examined the effects of disulfiram (DSF) in combination with ifosfamide (IFX)."( Drug interaction effects on antitumour drugs (VIII): prevention of ifosfamide-induced urotoxicity by disulfiram and its effect on antitumour activity and acute toxicity of alkylating agents in mice.
Ishikawa, M; Sasaki, K; Takayanagi, Y, 1991)		0.74
"From July 1986 to July 1989, 40 patients (92% pretreated) with deep-seated, advanced soft tissue sarcomas (STS, 25 patients), Ewing's sarcomas (ES, eight patients), osteosarcomas (OS, three patients) and chondrosarcomas (ChS, four patients) were treated at the University of Munich in a protocol involving regional hyperthermia (RHT) combined with ifosfamide plus etoposide."( Ifosfamide plus etoposide combined with regional hyperthermia in patients with locally advanced sarcomas: a phase II study.
Berger, H; Boehm, E; Denecke, H; Issels, RD; Jauch, KW; Nagele, A; Peter, K; Prenninger, SW; Sauer, H; Wilmanns, W, 1990)		1.89
"In two separate studies of patients with ovarian cancer, subjects were treated on a protocol comprising 400 mg/m2 carboplatin in combination with 1 g/m2 cyclophosphamide (group A) or 5 g/m2 ifosfamide with mesna (group B)."( Dose intensity of carboplatin in combination with cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide.
Green, JA; Smith, K, 1990)		0.7
"The response rate and survival obtained with the second-line chemotherapeutic regimen etoposide combined with ifosfamide were analyzed in a series of 32 patients progressing or relapsing after cisplatin-based front-line treatment."( A phase II study of etoposide combined with ifosfamide as second-line therapy in cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinomas.
Kaern, J; Tropé, C; Vergote, I; Vossli, S, 1990)		0.75
"Thirty six patients with advanced solid tumors (24 lung: 3 oat-cell, 14 squamous, 7 adenocarcinomas, 3 soft tissue sarcomas, 6 breast carcinomas; 1 seminoma; 2 ovarian adenocarcinomas) entered a phase II study of high-dose ifosfamide (IF) administered in combination with the uroprotective agent sodium 2-mercapto-ethane-sulfonate (Mesna)."( Phase II study of ifosfamide combined with Mesna uroprotection in advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma and other solid tumors.
Brema, F; Cinquegrana, A; Nobile, MT; Rosso, R; Santi, L, 1984)		0.79
"The Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) initiated an escalating-dose cyclophosphamide (Cyc) pilot without hematopoietic growth factor (HGF) support in combination with vincristine (Vcr) and actinomycin-D (Amd), known as VAC, to establish a Cyc dose with myelotoxicity comparable to an ifosfamide (Ifos), Vcr, and Amd combination regimen (VAI)."( Cyclophosphamide dose escalation in combination with vincristine and actinomycin-D (VAC) in gross residual sarcoma. A pilot study without hematopoietic growth factor support evaluating toxicity and response.
Gehan, E; Maurer, H; Newton, WA; Ruymann, FB; Vietti, T; Wharam, M; Wiener, E, 1995)		0.47
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, biological interactions, and toxicities of ifosfamide and carboplatin combined with 41."( Ifosfamide and carboplatin combined with 41.8 degrees C whole-body hyperthermia in patients with refractory sarcoma and malignant teratoma.
Bucsky, P; d'Oleire, F; Eleftheriadis, S; Feddersen, S; Geisler, J; Klouche, M; Knop, E; Mentzel, M; Schmucker, P; Wiedemann, GJ, 1994)		1.94
" The seven agents combined with CI-973 were mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vinblastine, etoposide, ifosfamide, and methotrexate."( Chemotherapy with [SP-4-3-(R)]-[1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2-)](2- methyl-1,4-butanediamine-N,N')platinum (CI-973, NK121) in combination with standard agents against murine tumors in vivo.
Elliott, WL; Howard, CT; Leopold, WR; Roberts, BJ, 1994)		0.5
"The tolerance for and activity of escalating targeted doses of carboplatin combined with ifosfamide and etoposide (ICE) were assessed in children with advanced germ cell tumors or other rare solid tumors for which no standard therapy exists."( Phase I study of escalating targeted doses of carboplatin combined with ifosfamide and etoposide in treatment of newly diagnosed pediatric solid tumors.
Bowman, LC; Furman, W; Jones, DP; Marina, NM; Meyer, WH; Murry, DJ; Pratt, CB; Rodman, JH; Shema, SJ, 1994)		0.74
"The tolerance of escalating targeted doses of carboplatin combined with ifosfamide (IFOS)/etoposide (VP-16) (ICE) was assessed in children with recurrent solid tumors."( Phase I study of escalating targeted doses of carboplatin combined with ifosfamide and etoposide in children with relapsed solid tumors.
Bowman, LC; Douglass, E; Furman, W; Hudson, M; Marina, NM; Meyer, W; Rodman, J; Santana, VM; Shema, SJ; Wilimas, J, 1993)		0.75
"5 g/m2 by intravenous drip for half an hour in 125 ml of dextrose saline for 5 days and mesna 20% of the total ifosfamide dose in 3 doses for 5 days, or in combination with cisplatin 10 mg/m2 by intravenous infusion for 5 days following the ifosfamide drip."( Phase II study of high-dose ifosfamide as a single agent and in combination with cisplatin in the treatment of advanced and/or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck.
Mazumdar, AT; Pai, VR; Parikh, DM; Rao, RS, )		0.64
"From November 1990 to September 1991, 23 adults with high-risk, nonmetastatic sarcomas (20 soft-tissue sarcomas and 3 chondrosarcomas) were entered in a pilot protocol (RHT-91) involving regional hyperthermia combined with systemic chemotherapy followed by surgery."( Preoperative systemic etoposide/ifosfamide/doxorubicin chemotherapy combined with regional hyperthermia in high-risk sarcoma: a pilot study.
Abdel-Rahman, S; Berger, H; Bosse, D; Issels, RD; Jauch, KW; Panzer, M; Peter, K; Sauer, H; Starck, M; Stiegler, H, 1993)		0.57
" Ifosfamide was given at a dose of 3,750 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2 every 3 weeks in combination with 30 mg/m2 doxorubicin given each day for 2 days; additionally, mesna was given to counter the genitourinary toxicity associated with ifosfamide."( Efficacy of ifosfamide in combination with doxorubicin for the treatment of metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.
Blum, RH; Edmonson, J; Pelletier, L; Ryan, L, 1993)		1.58
"The purpose of this phase I study is to determine the maximally tolerated doses of paclitaxel and carboplatin (dosed by area under the concentration-time curve) when given at specified times in combination with 6 g/m2 ifosfamide (3 g/m2 at 8 AM on days 1 and 2) with mesna and 5 microg/kg/d filgrastim (from day 4 until the absolute neutrophil count is > 10,000/microL) every 21 days for six cycles."( Phase I trial of dose-escalated paclitaxel and carboplatin in combination with ifosfamide and filgrastim: preliminary results.
Palackdharry, CS, 1996)		0.71
"The ongoing phase I study reported here sought to determine the maximum tolerated doses of paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) and carboplatin when given at specific times in combination with ifosfamide, mesna, and filgrastim."( Phase I trial of dose-escalated paclitaxel and carboplatin in combination with ifosfamide and filgrastim: preliminary results.
Palackdharry, CS, 1997)		0.71
" ifosfamide (5 g/m2), carboplatin (300 mg/m2), and etoposide given with WBH, as well as, day 2 and 3 post-WBH (100 mg/m2) for adult patients with refractory sarcoma."( Ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) combined with 41.8 degrees C whole body hyperthermia in patients with refractory sarcoma.
Crahé, R; Deeken, M; Eleftheriadis, S; Gutsche, S; Katschinski, DM; Mentzel, M; Robins, HI; Storer, B; Wagner, T; Weiss, C; Wiedemann, GJ, 1996)		2.65
" Effective modulatory doses of etanidazole could not be given with acceptable toxicity using this schedule."( Dose escalation of the hypoxic cell sensitizer etanidazole combined with ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide, and autologous hematopoietic stem cell support.
Antman, KH; Ayash, LJ; Coleman, N; Elias, AD; Frei, E; Ibrahim, J; McCauley, M; Mills, L; Schnipper, L; Schwartz, G; Teicher, BA; Warren, D; Wheeler, C, 1998)		0.53
"The aims of the present open, randomized, single-blind (patient), single institution, phase II study were: i) to compare the therapeutic effectiveness and toxicity of two dosages and schedules of ifosfamide (IFO) in combination with cisplatin (CDDP) mainly in the neo-adjuvant setting of patients (pts) with locally advanced (stage III-IV) head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) (primary endpoint); ii) to assess the quality of life (QL) of pts included in the study before and after treatment (secondary endpoint)."( Clinical evaluation of two dosages and schedules of ifosfamide in combination with cisplatin in neo-adjuvant chemotherapy of patients with advanced (stage III-IV) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a phase II randomized study.
Cadeddu, G; Curreli, L; Dessi, D; Esu, S; Ghiani, M; Lai, P; Maccio, A; Mantovani, G; Massa, D; Mulas, C; Proto, E; Succu, G; Tore, G, )		0.57
", hypotension (which requires catecholamine support) results in unique nephrotoxicity in combination with select chemotherapeutic agents."( Whole-body hyperthermia combined with ifosfamide and carboplatin causes hypotension and nephrotoxicity.
Brauer, LP; Kriz, W; Pagel, H; Prieshof, B; Robins, HI; Schramm, U; Weiss, C; Wiedemann, GJ, 1998)		0.57
" Ifosfamide with G-CSF in combination with doxorubicin or paclitaxel achieves effective mobilization of PBPC and anti-tumor activity with minimal toxicity."( Ifosfamide in combination with paclitaxel or doxorubicin: regimens which effectively mobilize peripheral blood progenitor cells while demonstrating anti-tumor activity in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Brettell, M; Briggs, P; Chapple, P; Francis, P; Gardyn, J; Gates, P; Januszewicz, EH; Juneja, S; Millward, MJ; Prince, HM; Quinn, M; Richardson, G; Rischin, D; Scarlett, J; Toner, GC; Wolf, M, 1999)		2.66
" To investigate its optimal combinations, we studied the effect of 4-hydroperoxy ifosfamide (the active form of ifosfamide) in combination with other anticancer agents against two human cancer cell lines, MG-63 (an osteosarcoma cell line) and MOLT-3 cells (a T-cell leukemia cell line)."( Effects of 4-hydroperoxy ifosfamide in combination with other anticancer agents on human cancer cell lines.
Asakura, S; Kano, Y; Suzuki, K; Takagi, T; Yazawa, Y, 1999)		0.83
"Evaluate response, duration of response, and toxicity of paclitaxel in combination with other drugs known to be effective in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)."( Phase II study of paclitaxel in combination with mitoxantrone and ifosfamide/mesna for patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after failure to cytarabine/cisplatin combination.
Cabanillas, F; Hagemeister, FB; McLaughlin, P; Preti, A; Rodriguez, J; Rodriguez, MA; Romaguera, JE; Sarris, AH; Younes, A, 1999)		0.54
" Ifosfamide has been included in various drug combination protocols, usually on an empirical basis."( Ifosfamide-based drug combinations: preclinical evaluation of drug interactions and translation into the clinic.
Harstrick, A; Klaassen, U; Schleucher, N; Seeber, S; Vanhoefer, U, 2000)		2.66
"Although whole-body hyperthermia combined with specific genotoxic chemotherapy can be shown to enhance neoplastic cell killing without a concomitant rise in bone marrow toxicity, nephrotoxicity can become treatment-limiting."( Nephrotoxicity of ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) alone or combined with extracorporeal or radiant-heat-induced whole-body hyperthermia.
Filejski, W; Gerke, P; Robins, HI; Steinhoff, J; Wiedemann, GJ, 2000)		0.64
" The patient received ifosfamide (5 g/m2, day 1), carboplatin (300 mg/m2, day 1), etoposide (150 mg/m2, days 2-3) combined with WBH at 41."( [Chemotherapy in combination with whole-body hyperthermia in advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma].
Bakhshandeh, A; Bruns, I; Eberhardt, K; Wiedemann, GJ, 2000)		0.62
" The pharmacokinetics of docetaxel are not influenced by combination with ifosfamide, regardless of the drug sequence, but ifosfamide pharmacokinetics are changed by docetaxel, depending on the sequence of administration."( Pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide are changed by combination with docetaxel: results of a phase I pharmacologic study.
Bruno, R; De Bruijn, E; Highley, M; Locci-Tonelli, D; Pronk, L; Schrijvers, D; Van Oosterom, AT; Verweij, J, 2000)		0.86
" We report the use of a continuous high dose infusion of ïfosfamide at a dose of 9g/m(2) over 3 days in combination with etoposide and epirubicin followed by autologous stem cell transplant with either BEAM or Melphalan/VP16 conditioning in this difficult group."( High dose ifosfamide in combination with etoposide and epirubicin followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in the treatment of relapsed/refractory Hodgkin's disease: a report on toxicity and efficacy.
Angus, B; Carey, PJ; Finney, RD; Galloway, MJ; Goff, DK; Haynes, A; Jackson, GH; Lennard, AL; Leonard, RC; McQuaker, IG; Proctor, SJ; Russell, N; Taylor, PR; Windebank, K, 2000)		0.71
" was applied in combination with high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) and adriamycin (ADM) within a three-drug regimen."( A comparison of methods of loco-regional chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy as neo-adjuvant treatment of osteosarcoma of the extremity.
Bacchini, P; Bacci, G; Bertoni, F; De Giorgi, U; Ferrari, S; Fiorentini, G; Forni, C; Longhi, A; Mercuri, M; Picci, P; Rimondini, S; Tienghi, A, 2001)		0.31
"To find the maximum tolerated dose for ifosfamide in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in small-cell lung cancer patients (SCLC), who are resistant to cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and etoposide (CDE)."( Dose-finding and pharmacological study of ifosfamide in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in resistant small-cell lung cancer.
Beijnen, JH; Groen, HJ; Kerbush, T; Sleijfer, DT; Smit, EF; van Putten, JW; van Rijswijk, R, 2001)		0.84
"Different dose schedules of ifosfamide were combined with fixed doses of paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC 6 mg/ml min."( Dose-finding and pharmacological study of ifosfamide in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in resistant small-cell lung cancer.
Beijnen, JH; Groen, HJ; Kerbush, T; Sleijfer, DT; Smit, EF; van Putten, JW; van Rijswijk, R, 2001)		0.87
"The maximum tolerated dose of this combination for patients with resistant SCLC is ifosfamide 2000 mg/m2 in combination with paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC 6 mg/ml min administered on the first day of a 21-day cycle."( Dose-finding and pharmacological study of ifosfamide in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in resistant small-cell lung cancer.
Beijnen, JH; Groen, HJ; Kerbush, T; Sleijfer, DT; Smit, EF; van Putten, JW; van Rijswijk, R, 2001)		0.8
"In this phase II study, activity and safety of neoadjuvant regional hyperthermia (RHT) combined with chemotherapy was investigated in 59 patients with primary advanced or recurrent high-risk soft-tissue sarcoma (STS)."( Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with regional hyperthermia (RHT) for locally advanced primary or recurrent high-risk adult soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) of adults: long-term results of a phase II study.
Abdel-Rahman, S; Aydemir, U; Falk, MH; Hiddemann, W; Issels, RD; Kurze, V; Sauer, H; Wendtner, C, 2001)		0.31
" 54 patients were prospectively treated with four cycles of etoposide, ifosfamide and doxorubicin (EIA) combined with regional hyperthermia (RHT) followed by surgery, another four cycles of EIA without RHT and external beam radiation."( Treatment of primary, recurrent or inadequately resected high-risk soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) of adults: results of a phase II pilot study (RHT-95) of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with regional hyperthermia.
Abdel-Rahman, S; Baumert, J; Falk, MH; Hiddemann, W; Issels, RD; Krych, M; Santl, M; Wendtner, C, 2001)		0.54
"Alternating COPP/ABVD and rapid alternating COPP/ABV/IMEP in combination with extended-field radiotherapy are equally effective in intermediate-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma and produce excellent long-term treatment results."( Rapidly alternating COPP/ABV/IMEP is not superior to conventional alternating COPP/ABVD in combination with extended-field radiotherapy in intermediate-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma: final results of the German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group Trial HD5.
Anselmo, AP; Brosteanu, O; Diehl, V; Doelken, G; Duehmke, E; Engert, A; Franklin, J; Georgii, A; Greil, R; Hasenclever, D; Herrmann, R; Josting, A; Kirchner, H; Koch, P; Koch, T; Lathan, B; Loeffler, M; Munker, R; Paulus, U; Pfistner, B; Pfreundschuh, M; Rueffer, U; Schalk, KP; Sieber, M; Tesch, H; Wolf, J, 2002)		0.31
"To determine the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with regional hyperthermia (RHT) for local tumor control and overall survival (OS) in adult patients with retroperitoneal or visceral (RP/V) high-risk soft tissue sarcomas (HR-STS)."( Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with regional hyperthermia predicts long-term survival for adult patients with retroperitoneal and visceral high-risk soft tissue sarcomas.
Abdel-Rahman, S; Baumert, J; Baur, A; Hiddemann, W; Issels, RD; Krych, M; Lindner, LH; Wendtner, CM, 2002)		0.31
"From 1991 to 1997, 58 patients with HR-STS at RP/V sites were prospectively treated with four cycles of etoposide, ifosfamide, and doxorubicin combined with RHT followed by surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiation."( Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with regional hyperthermia predicts long-term survival for adult patients with retroperitoneal and visceral high-risk soft tissue sarcomas.
Abdel-Rahman, S; Baumert, J; Baur, A; Hiddemann, W; Issels, RD; Krych, M; Lindner, LH; Wendtner, CM, 2002)		0.52
"Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with RHT is predictive for an improved local tumor control resulting in a long-term survival benefit for patients with HR-STS at unfavorable RP/V sites; however, the impact of RHT has to be defined in a randomized phase III trial."( Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with regional hyperthermia predicts long-term survival for adult patients with retroperitoneal and visceral high-risk soft tissue sarcomas.
Abdel-Rahman, S; Baumert, J; Baur, A; Hiddemann, W; Issels, RD; Krych, M; Lindner, LH; Wendtner, CM, 2002)		0.31
"To observe the efficacy of navelbine combined with ifosfamide and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced breast cancer."( [Clinical observation of the efficacy of navelbine combined with ifosfamide and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced breast cancer].
Luo, RC; You, CX; Zheng, H, 2003)		0.81
"Navelbine in combination with ifosfamide and cisplatin is effective and safe in the treatment of advanced breast cancer."( [Clinical observation of the efficacy of navelbine combined with ifosfamide and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced breast cancer].
Luo, RC; You, CX; Zheng, H, 2003)		0.85
" The pharmacologic features of this drug enable its combination with other antiblastic agents, such as vinorelbine, gemcitabine, paclitaxel and docetaxel."( Antiblastic drug combinations with ifosfamide: an update.
Badalamenti, G; Fulfaro, F; Gebbia, N; Russo, A; Valerio, MR, 2003)		0.6
" In this study, one cycle of chemotherapy combined the following: ifosfamide: 3 g/m2 fixed dose (24-hour intravenous infusion) combined with mesna, day 1; gemcitabine: starting dose 1,000 mg/m2/d, escalating by 250 mg/m2 increments, days 1 and 15; cisplatin: starting dose 80 mg/m2, subsequently 100 mg/m2, day 15; in cohorts of at least 3 patients."( Phase I study with dose escalation of gemcitabine and cisplatin in combination with ifosfamide (GIP) in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma.
Billiart, I; Bourgeois, H; Chabrun, V; Chieze, S; Daban, A; Ferrand, V; Germain, T; Lemerre, D; Meurice, JC; Tourani, JM, 2004)		0.79
"5 g m(-2), carboplatin 100 mg m(-2) and etoposide 150 mg m(-2), days 1-4, q 28 days, G-CSF 5 microg kg(-1) starting from day 6) alone and in combination with regional hyperthermia (RHT) in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) refractory to previous standard doxorubicin-ifosfamide-based chemotherapy."( Ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) as second-line regimen alone and in combination with regional hyperthermia is active in chemo-pre-treated advanced soft tissue sarcoma of adults.
Abdel-Rahman, S; Fahn, W; Fiegl, M; Issels, RD; Schlemmer, M; Wendtner, CM, 2004)		1.95
" A median of four courses of ICE were administered with RHT on days 1 and 3 (60 min, T(max) 42 degrees C)."( Ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) as second-line regimen alone and in combination with regional hyperthermia is active in chemo-pre-treated advanced soft tissue sarcoma of adults.
Abdel-Rahman, S; Fahn, W; Fiegl, M; Issels, RD; Schlemmer, M; Wendtner, CM, 2004)		1.77
"These results suggest that ICE alone or combined with RHT shows activity as second-line therapy in doxorubicin-ifosfamide-refractory STS."( Ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) as second-line regimen alone and in combination with regional hyperthermia is active in chemo-pre-treated advanced soft tissue sarcoma of adults.
Abdel-Rahman, S; Fahn, W; Fiegl, M; Issels, RD; Schlemmer, M; Wendtner, CM, 2004)		1.98
" We therefore investigated the therapeutic efficacy of STI571, alone or combined with chemotherapy, in human SCLC cells or tumors xenografted into nude mice."( In vivo efficacy of STI571 in xenografted human small cell lung cancer alone or combined with chemotherapy.
de Cremoux, P; Decaudin, D; Fréneaux, P; Judde, JG; Livartowski, A; Nemati, F; Pouillart, P; Poupon, MF; Sastre, X; Tran-Perennou, C, 2005)		0.33
" Hence, we decided to explore the option of neoadjuvant chemotherapy using effective agents like ifosfamide and paclitaxel in combination with cisplatin in these patients."( Two- vs three-drug combination chemotherapy in advanced or recurrent head and neck cancer: a single institution experience of 361 patients.
Bakshi, AV; D'Cruz, AK; Deshmukh, CD; Mazumdar, AT; Mistry, RC; Pai, VR; Parikh, DM; Parikh, PM; Pathak, KA, 2004)		0.54
"Patients with progressing platinum-sensitive or resistant disease were included in 5 dose levels consisting of PLD (25 mg/m2 to 45 mg/m2, day 1) combined with a fixed IFO dose administered as a continuous infusion (1700 mg/m2/d, day 1 to 3) to define the MTD on the basis of acute toxicity during the first 2 cycles, then confirm the MTD, by the evaluation of delayed toxicity (hand-foot syndrome)."( Phase I study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in combination with ifosfamide in pretreated ovarian cancer patients.
Bourgeois, H; Chabrun, V; Chieze, S; Cure, H; Ferru, A; Guastalla, JP; Joly, F; Pujade-Lauraine, E; Tourani, JM, 2006)		0.57
"To evaluate safety and pharmacokinetics and to establish the maximum tolerated dose of glufosfamide when administered in combination with gemcitabine in advanced solid tumors."( A Phase 1 dose-escalation trial of glufosfamide in combination with gemcitabine in solid tumors including pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Chiorean, EG; Colowick, AB; Dragovich, T; Hamm, J; Jung, DT; Kroll, S; Langmuir, VK; Loehrer, PJ; Tidmarsh, GF, 2008)		0.35
"Phase I data indicate that full dose glufosfamide (4,500 mg/m(2)) can be given safely in combination with gemcitabine."( A Phase 1 dose-escalation trial of glufosfamide in combination with gemcitabine in solid tumors including pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Chiorean, EG; Colowick, AB; Dragovich, T; Hamm, J; Jung, DT; Kroll, S; Langmuir, VK; Loehrer, PJ; Tidmarsh, GF, 2008)		0.35
"Cohorts of four patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcomas received up to five cycles of intravenous ifosfamide 3000 mg/m2 on days 1- 3 in combination with escalating doses of intravenous Myocet on day 1 every 3 weeks until dose limiting toxicity (DLT) in at least one patient."( Phase I study of non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in combination with ifosfamide in adult patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcomas.
Barbato, A; Bertuzzi, A; Di Comite, G; Lutman, RF; Mussi, C; Santoro, A; Stroppa, E, 2010)		0.81
"To compare the radiological criteria RECIST, WHO, and tumor volume for evaluation of tumor response in patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STS) showing either good or poor pathohistological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with regional hyperthermia, and to examine the dependence of the findings on the applied thermal dose."( Comparison of radiological and pathohistological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with regional hyperthermia (RHT) and study of response dependence on the applied thermal parameters in patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STS).
Abdel-Rahman, S; Issels, RD; Lindner, LH; Reiser, MF; Santl, M; Stahl, R; Wang, T, 2009)		0.35
"The effect of immunotherapy with interleukin-18 (IL-18) in combination with preoperative chemotherapy on the postoperative progression of pulmonary metastasis was examined using a spontaneous pulmonary metastasis model of mouse osteosarcoma."( Immunotherapy with interleukin-18 in combination with preoperative chemotherapy with ifosfamide effectively inhibits postoperative progression of pulmonary metastases in a mouse osteosarcoma model.
Futani, H; Hata, M; Kogoe, N; Nakasho, K; Ohyama, H; Okamura, H; Terada, N; Yamada, N; Yamanegi, K, 2009)		0.58
"Paclitaxel combined with ifosfamide was effective and tolerable in anthracycline-/docetaxel-pretreated MBC."( Paclitaxel combined with ifosfamide in anthracycline- and docetaxel-pretreated metastatic breast cancer: activity independence of prior docetaxel resistance.
Chang, H; Choi, HJ; Chung, HC; Kim, JH; Kim, SI; Kim, YT; Koo, JS; Moon, YW; Park, BW; Park, S; Roh, JK; Sohn, JH, 2010)		0.97
"To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of rituximab combined with high-dose chemotherapy supported by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)."( [A prospective multicenter study of rituximab combined with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for aggressive B-cell lymphoma].
Cen, XN; Chen, H; Han, MZ; Han, XH; He, XH; Huang, H; Huang, HQ; Jiang, WQ; Liu, P; Ma, J; Ren, HY; Shen, XM; Shi, YK; Wang, C; Wang, JM; Yang, S; Zhou, SY; Zhu, J, 2009)		0.35
"We evaluated the feasibility and toxicity of bevacizumab in combination with sequential high-dose (HD) ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide refractory to standard chemotherapy in patients with sarcoma and germ cell cancer (GCC)."( Bevacizumab in combination with sequential high-dose chemotherapy in solid cancer, a feasibility study.
Arnold, D; Behlendorf, T; Jordan, K; Kegel, T; Mueller, LP; Schmoll, HJ; Sippel, C; Voigt, W; Wolf, HH, 2010)		0.58
" Fifty-nine patients underwent primary surgery by wide or marginal excision and were subsequently randomized to receive radiotherapy alone or in combination with six courses of chemotherapy consisting of ifosfamide, DTIC, and doxorubicin administered in 14-day intervals supported by G-CSF on days 5-13."( Intensified adjuvant IFADIC chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for soft tissue sarcoma: long-term follow-up of a prospective randomized feasibility trial.
Abdolvahab, F; Brodowicz, T; Dominkus, M; Ebm, C; Fakhrai, N; Jantsch, M; Kauer-Dorner, D; Kostler, WJ; Pokrajac, B; Zielinski, CC, 2010)		0.55
" The AIM regimen combined with radiation therapy may be an effective treatment option for this disease."( [Long-term remission of Langerhans cell sarcoma by AIM regimen combined with involved-field irradiation].
Fujikawa, Y; Ichikawa, N; Kirihara, T; Kobayashi, H; Nakamura, S; Sato, K; Shimizu, I; Sumi, M; Takeda, W; Uehara, T; Ueki, T; Ueno, M; Watanabe, M, 2012)		0.38
" We performed a multi-center phase II trial investigating the safety and efficacy of ofatumumab, a monoclonal antibody against CD20, combined with ICE or DHAP second-line therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL, grade 3b follicular lymphoma, or transformed follicular lymphoma."( Ofatumumab in combination with ICE or DHAP chemotherapy in relapsed or refractory intermediate grade B-cell lymphoma.
Czuczman, MS; Edvardsen, K; Fayad, L; Fecteau, D; Fennessy, M; Henkel, K; Jewell, RC; Joyce, R; Kharfan-Dabaja, MA; Liao, Q; Lisby, S; Lossos, IS; Matasar, MJ; Moskowitz, CH; Rodriguez, MA; Shea, TC; Singh, RP; Spitzer, G, 2013)		0.39
" In the present analysis, we retrospectively investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of bevacizumab combined with ICE in patients with glioblastoma at second relapse during ICE treatment."( Retrospective analysis of bevacizumab in combination with ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide in patients with second recurrence of glioblastoma.
Arakawa, Y; Fujimoto, K; Kikuchi, T; Kunieda, T; Miyamoto, S; Mizowaki, T; Murata, D; Takagi, Y; Takahashi, JC, 2013)		0.63
" We conducted a dose-finding and pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamics study of pazopanib combined with two different schedules of ifosfamide."( Pazopanib exposure decreases as a result of an ifosfamide-dependent drug-drug interaction: results of a phase I study.
Boers-Sonderen, MJ; de Bruijn, P; Eskens, FA; Hamberg, P; Sleijfer, S; Suttle, AB; van der Graaf, WT; van Herpen, CM; Verweij, J, 2014)		0.86
"In a 3+3+3 design, patients with advanced solid tumours received escalating doses of oral pazopanib combined with ifosfamide either given 3 days continuously or given 3-h bolus infusion daily for 3 days (9 g m(-2) per cycle, every 3 weeks)."( Pazopanib exposure decreases as a result of an ifosfamide-dependent drug-drug interaction: results of a phase I study.
Boers-Sonderen, MJ; de Bruijn, P; Eskens, FA; Hamberg, P; Sleijfer, S; Suttle, AB; van der Graaf, WT; van Herpen, CM; Verweij, J, 2014)		0.87
" Pazopanib with continuous ifosfamide infusion appeared to be safe up to 1000 mg per day, while combination with bolus infusion ifosfamide turned out to be too toxic based on a variety of adverse events."( Pazopanib exposure decreases as a result of an ifosfamide-dependent drug-drug interaction: results of a phase I study.
Boers-Sonderen, MJ; de Bruijn, P; Eskens, FA; Hamberg, P; Sleijfer, S; Suttle, AB; van der Graaf, WT; van Herpen, CM; Verweij, J, 2014)		0.96
"Continuous as opposed to bolus infusion ifosfamide can safely be combined with pazopanib."( Pazopanib exposure decreases as a result of an ifosfamide-dependent drug-drug interaction: results of a phase I study.
Boers-Sonderen, MJ; de Bruijn, P; Eskens, FA; Hamberg, P; Sleijfer, S; Suttle, AB; van der Graaf, WT; van Herpen, CM; Verweij, J, 2014)		0.93
"To investigate the electronic anti-nausea instrument (EANI) combined with hydrochloride palonosetron for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting following highly emetogenic chemotherapy."( Phase II study on EANI combined with hydrochloride palonosetron for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting following highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
Guo, JX; Huang, XE; Liu, J; Liu, YC; Wei, W; Xiao, Y, 2014)		0.4
"Patients who received highly emetogenic chemotherapy were randomly assigned to a treatment group (60 patients) treated with EANI combined with hydrochloride palonosetron, and control group (also 60 patients) given only hydrochloride palonosetron."( Phase II study on EANI combined with hydrochloride palonosetron for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting following highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
Guo, JX; Huang, XE; Liu, J; Liu, YC; Wei, W; Xiao, Y, 2014)		0.4
"EANI combined with hydrochloride palonosetron for prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy could be more effective than hydrochloride palonosetron alone, and can be recommended for use in prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting following highly emetogenic chemotherapy."( Phase II study on EANI combined with hydrochloride palonosetron for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting following highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
Guo, JX; Huang, XE; Liu, J; Liu, YC; Wei, W; Xiao, Y, 2014)		0.4
" The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the activity and toxicity of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of recurrence or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer."( Bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of recurrence or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer: a retrospective study of 37 cases.
Li, Y; Shang, YM; Yang, Y; Zheng, H, 2014)		0.4
"Totally, 37 ovarian cancer patients with complete data who treated with bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy were reviewed from the databases of Beijing Cancer hospital and included in this retrospective study."( Bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of recurrence or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer: a retrospective study of 37 cases.
Li, Y; Shang, YM; Yang, Y; Zheng, H, 2014)		0.4
" The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of ifosfamide in combination with carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) in previously untreated patients with SCLC."( Efficacy and safety of ifosfamide in combination with carboplatin and etoposide in small cell lung cancer.
Koo, DH; Lee, HS; Lee, SS; Lee, YG; Lim, SY; Nam, H; Oh, S; Song, JU, 2015)		0.97
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine combined with ifosfamide (GI regimen)in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy."( [Efficacy and safety evaluation of gemcitabine combined with ifosfamide in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy].
Dong, M; Gui, L; He, X; Hu, S; Jia, B; Liu, P; Qin, Y; Yang, J; Yang, S; Zhang, C; Zhou, S, 2015)		0.9
"Based on preclinical data for the antitumour effect of zoledronate in osteosarcoma, we assessed whether zoledronate combined with chemotherapy and surgery improved event-free survival in children and adults with osteosarcoma."( Zoledronate in combination with chemotherapy and surgery to treat osteosarcoma (OS2006): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 trial.
Blay, JY; Bompas, E; Bonnet, N; Brisse, H; Brugières, L; Chevance, A; Corradini, N; Entz-Werlé, N; Gentet, JC; Gomez-Brouchet, A; Gouin, F; Guinebretière, JM; Italiano, A; Le Deley, MC; Lervat, C; Marec-Bérard, P; Mascard, E; Pacquement, H; Penel, N; Petit, P; Piperno-Neumann, S; Rédini, F; Tabone, MD, 2016)		0.43
" Balanced randomisation between the two groups was done centrally with online randomisation software, based on a minimisation algorithm taking into account centre, age, combined with chemotherapy regimen, and risk group (resectable primary and no metastasis vs other)."( Zoledronate in combination with chemotherapy and surgery to treat osteosarcoma (OS2006): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 trial.
Blay, JY; Bompas, E; Bonnet, N; Brisse, H; Brugières, L; Chevance, A; Corradini, N; Entz-Werlé, N; Gentet, JC; Gomez-Brouchet, A; Gouin, F; Guinebretière, JM; Italiano, A; Le Deley, MC; Lervat, C; Marec-Bérard, P; Mascard, E; Pacquement, H; Penel, N; Petit, P; Piperno-Neumann, S; Rédini, F; Tabone, MD, 2016)		0.43
"The aim of this study was to compare asparaginase-related toxicities in two asparaginase preparations, namely native Escherichia coli L-asparaginase (L-ASP) and pegylated asparaginase (PEG-ASP) in combination with ifosfamide, methotrexate, etoposide, and prednisolone (IMEP) in natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (NTCL)."( Comparison of Native Escherichia coli L-Asparaginase versus Pegylated Asparaginase, in Combination with Ifosfamide, Methotrexate, Etoposide, and Prednisolone, in Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type.
Cho, YS; Heo, DS; Jung, SH; Keam, B; Kim, DW; Kim, HJ; Kim, IH; Kim, M; Kim, TM; Lee, JY; Lee, SH; Ock, CY, 2018)		0.88
"This phase-I/phase-II study evaluated panobinostat in combination with ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide (P-ICE) in relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma."( Phase-I and randomized phase-II trial of panobinostat in combination with ICE (ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide) in relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma.
Claret, L; Copeland, AR; Fanale, MA; Fayad, LE; Feng, L; Fowler, N; Hagemeister, FB; Hu, B; Nastoupil, LJ; Neelapu, S; Nieto, Y; Oki, Y; Rodriguez, MA; Romaguera, J; Samaniego, F; Turturro, F; Westin, JR; Younes, A, 2018)		0.94
" This phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of IFM combination with recommended current supportive therapy for recurrent SCLC in second-line and heavily treated setting."( A phase II trial of Ifosfamide combination with recommended supportive therapy for recurrent SCLC in second-line and heavily treated setting.
Fukatsu, A; Hase, T; Hasegawa, Y; Hayashi, H; Kawada, K; Kondo, M; Morise, M; Nomura, F; Sokai, A; Tanaka, I, 2018)		0.8
" We conducted a single-center phase 1 study evaluating dose-escalated ibrutinib, in a 3-by-3 design, in combination with rituximab, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (R-ICE) in physiologically transplant-eligible rel/ref DLBCL patients."( A phase 1 study of ibrutinib in combination with R-ICE in patients with relapsed or primary refractory DLBCL.
Courtien, AI; Devlin, SM; Drullinsky, P; Gerecitano, J; Kumar, A; Matasar, MJ; McCall, SJ; Miller, ST; Moskowitz, CH; Noy, A; Palomba, ML; Portlock, CS; Sauter, CS; Schoder, H; Straus, DJ; Younes, A; Zelenetz, AD, 2018)		0.69
"Considering the physical condition of patient, the patient underwent surgical resection of the right lung lesion after receiving endostar combined with chemotherapy and maintained endostar alone for 47 cycles."( Endostar combined with chemotherapy in a pediatric osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis and malignant pleural effusion: A case report.
Dong, Y; Jiang, S; Wang, G, 2017)		0.46
"Olaratumab (OLA), a monoclonal antibody against platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα), has recently been used against soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) combined with doxorubicin (DOX), with limited efficacy."( Olaratumab combined with doxorubicin and ifosfamide overcomes individual doxorubicin and olaratumab resistance of an undifferentiated soft-tissue sarcoma in a PDOX mouse model.
Bouvet, M; Hayashi, K; Higuchi, T; Hoffman, RM; Igarashi, K; Kimura, H; Miwa, S; Miyake, K; Oshiro, H; Razmjooei, S; Singh, SR; Sugisawa, N; Tsuchiya, H; Yamamoto, N; Zhang, Z, 2019)		0.78
" We performed a phase I study to determine the safety and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of selinexor when combined with high-dose dexamethasone, ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (DICE) in relapsed/refractory (R/R) T-cell lymphoma (TCL) and natural-killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL)."( Phase I study of selinexor in combination with dexamethasone, ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide chemotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell or natural-killer/T-cell lymphoma
Chan, JY; Farid, M; Lim, C; Lim, ST; Martin, P; Poon, E; Somasundaram, N; Tang, T; Tao, M; Toh, SQ; Yan, SX; Yunon, MJ, 2021)		1.06
" We conducted a phase 1 trial to evaluate the safety of olaratumab and determine a recommended dose in combination with three different chemotherapy regimens in children."( Phase 1 trial of olaratumab monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy in pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory solid and central nervous system tumors.
Bishop, MW; Borinstein, SC; DuBois, SG; Hingorani, P; Krystal, J; Laetsch, TW; Levy, DE; Mascarenhas, L; Mo, G; Muscal, JA; Ogawa, C; Shahir, A; Slotkin, EK; Weigel, BJ; Wright, J, 2021)		0.62
" Romidepsin (Ro) and brentuximab vedotin (Bv), combined with ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) has not been significantly studied in PTCL."( Use of ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide in combination with brentuximab vedotin or romidepsin based on CD30 positivity in relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma.
Gentille, C; Joshi, J; Pingali, SR; Randhawa, J; Sarfraz, H; Shah, S, 2022)		1.42
"To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) radiomics features in predicting the efficacy of epirubicin combined with ifosfamide in patients with pulmonary metastases from soft tissue sarcoma."( Prediction of the therapeutic efficacy of epirubicin combined with ifosfamide in patients with lung metastases from soft tissue sarcoma based on contrast-enhanced CT radiomics features.
Jiang, X; Li, M; Ma, ST; Miao, L; Wang, YM; Zhang, HH, 2022)		1.16
"A retrospective analysis of 51 patients with pulmonary metastases from soft tissue sarcoma who received the chemotherapy regimen of epirubicin combined with ifosfamide was performed, and efficacy was evaluated by Recist1."( Prediction of the therapeutic efficacy of epirubicin combined with ifosfamide in patients with lung metastases from soft tissue sarcoma based on contrast-enhanced CT radiomics features.
Jiang, X; Li, M; Ma, ST; Miao, L; Wang, YM; Zhang, HH, 2022)		1.15
"This prospective single-arm phase II clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) combined with ifosfamide (IFO) as the first-line treatment for patients with advanced or metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma (STS)."( Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin Combined with Ifosfamide for Treating Advanced or Metastatic Soft-tissue Sarcoma: A Prospective, Single-arm Phase II Study.
Chen, H; Chen, Y; Huang, M; Jiang, S; Liu, X; Luo, Z; Miao, J; Wang, C; Wang, H; Wang, J; Wu, X; Xia, J; Xu, Y; Yan, W; Yao, W; Yu, L; Zhang, X, 2022)		1.18
"Patients received PLD (30 mg/m2; day 1) in combination with IFO (1."( Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin Combined with Ifosfamide for Treating Advanced or Metastatic Soft-tissue Sarcoma: A Prospective, Single-arm Phase II Study.
Chen, H; Chen, Y; Huang, M; Jiang, S; Liu, X; Luo, Z; Miao, J; Wang, C; Wang, H; Wang, J; Wu, X; Xia, J; Xu, Y; Yan, W; Yao, W; Yu, L; Zhang, X, 2022)		0.98
" We conducted an investigator initiated, single-center, open-label, prospective phase 1 study evaluating the safety and efficacy of CFZ in combination with rituximab, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (C-R-ICE) in high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplant (HDC-ASCT) eligible patients with R/R DLBCL (NCT01959698)."( Carfilzomib combined with rituximab, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide for relapsed or refractory DLBCL.
Anampa-Guzmán, A; Block, A; Darrall, A; DeMarco, J; Ghione, P; Groman, A; Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, FJ; Hutson, A; Johnson, M; Kader, A; Kostrewa, J; Lund, I; Mavis, C; McWhite, K; Mohr, A; Nichols, J; Przespolewski, E; Sait, SJ; Sundaram, S; Thomas, R; Torka, P; Wong, J, 2023)		1.38
" The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy and safety of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade combined with ICE regimen (P-ICE) in the treatment of R/R DLBCL patients."( PD-1 blockade combined with ICE regimen in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Bai, B; Gao, Y; He, Y; Huang, C; Huang, H; Ping, L; Shi, L; Wang, X, 2023)		0.91
" Carfilzomib, an irreversible proteasome inhibitor, can overcome acquired rituximab-chemotherapy resistance and, when combined with R-ICE, improves outcomes in patients with R/R DLBCL."( Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Carfilzomib in Combination with Rituximab, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide in Adult Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma.
Burke, SM; Ghasemi, M; Goey, AKL; Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, FJ; Lin, LH; Mager, DE; Mavis, CK; Nichols, JR; Torka, P, 2023)		1.13
" Further research is needed to identify sources of variability in response to treatment with carfilzomib in combination with R-ICE."( Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Carfilzomib in Combination with Rituximab, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide in Adult Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma.
Burke, SM; Ghasemi, M; Goey, AKL; Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, FJ; Lin, LH; Mager, DE; Mavis, CK; Nichols, JR; Torka, P, 2023)		1.13

Bioavailability

The bioavailability of oral N,3-bis(2-chloroethyl) tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-amine 2-oxide (ifosfamide) (500-mg gelatine capsules) was investigated in 18 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. Recent clinical trials suggest that oral mesna has adequate bioavailability (roughly 50% by urinary thiol measurements) to prevent urotoxicity.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The stability of ifosfamide and its high bioavailability have allowed its use in chronic, 7-day ambulatory IV infusions, with decreased toxicity and hospitalization."( Novel approaches with ifosfamide in small cell lung cancer.
Cerny, T; De Campos, E; Lind, M; Thatcher, N, 1992)		0.93
" We have studied the feasibility and bioavailability of a subcutaneously (s."( Subcutaneous continuous infusion of ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide in ambulatory cancer patients: bioavailability and feasibility.
Brunner, KW; Cerny, T; Graf, A; Küpfer, A; Rohner, P; Zeugin, T, 1991)		0.56
" Recent clinical trials suggest that oral mesna has adequate bioavailability (roughly 50% by urinary thiol measurements) to prevent urotoxicity in high-dose ifosfamide regimens."( Chemoprotectants for cancer chemotherapy.
Dorr, RT, 1991)		0.48
" The bioavailability of ifosfamide after oral administration exceeds 95%."( Ifosfamide and mesna.
Dana, WJ; Schoenike, SE, 1990)		2.03
" We have studied in patients with advanced cancer the feasibility and bioavailability of a subcutaneously administered isotonic and neutral (pH 7) IFO solution given continuously over 10 h for up to 5 days."( Bioavailability of subcutaneous ifosfamide and feasibility of continuous outpatient application in cancer patients.
Brunner, KW; Cerny, T; Küpfer, A; Zeugin, T, 1990)		0.56
"The bioavailability of oral N,3-bis(2-chloroethyl) tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-amine 2-oxide (ifosfamide) (500-mg gelatine capsules) was investigated in 18 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma."( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oral ifosfamide.
Drings, P; Wagner, T, 1986)		0.75
" There was a proportionate increase in the AUC for the 5-g oral dose, indicating 100% bioavailability at all three dose levels."( Bioavailability of ifosfamide in patients with bronchial carcinoma.
Cerny, T; Margison, JM; Thatcher, N; Wilkinson, PM, 1986)		0.6
"The bioavailability of orally administered sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (mesna, Uromitexan drink ampoules) was tested in 18 healthy probands and in 5 tumor patients."( Bioavailability of orally administered mesna.
Breuel, HP; Burkert, H; Lücker, PW; Wetzelsberger, N, 1984)		0.27
"Three bromine-ifosfamide analogues: racemic chlorobromofosfamide (+/-)-(R,S)-1, its levorotatory enantiomer (-)-(S)-2 and racemic bromofosfamide (+/-)-(R,S)-3 showed considerable stereoselective differences in their pharmacokinetics and bioavailability depending on the route of administration and regimen of dosage studies in rats."( Pharmacokinetic-stereoselective differentiation of some isomeric analogues of ifosfamide.
Hładoń, B; Kinas, R; Kuśnierczyk, H; Laskowska, H; Sloderbach, A; Sochacki, M, )		0.72
" Its pharmacokinetics and bioavailability were studied in female mice following intravenous and oral administration of the dose of 50 mg/kg."( Pharmacokinetics of (-)-(S)-bromofosfamide after intravenous and oral administration in mice.
Kobylińska, K; Kobylińska, M; Sobik, B, 2001)		0.31
" On the other hand, an increase in the bioavailability of some medicaments have been observed when these are ingested together with grapefruit."( Inhibitory effect of naringin on the micronuclei induced by ifosfamide in mouse, and evaluation of its modulatory effect on the Cyp3a subfamily.
Alvarez-González, I; Dorado, V; Espinosa-Aguirre, JJ; Madrigal-Bujaidar, E, 2001)		0.55
" Bioavailability of TRO could not be calculated directly, because TRO is only available as an oral formulation."( New insights into the clinical pharmacokinetics of trofosfamide.
Brinker, A; Brüggemann, SK; Kisro, J; Letsch, C; Wagner, T, 2002)		0.31
" The bioavailability is nearly 100% after oral application, and the main metabolites are 4-hydroxytrofosfamide, and 4-hydroxyifosfamide."( Hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with the use of trofosfamide.
Hartmann, JT; Kanz, L; Kopp, HG, 2004)		0.53
"Oral bioavailability (F) is a product of fraction absorbed (Fa), fraction escaping gut-wall elimination (Fg), and fraction escaping hepatic elimination (Fh)."( Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
Chang, G; El-Kattan, A; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Rotter, C; Steyn, SJ; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV, 2010)		0.36
" They can also block the action of enzymes or receptors used for endogenous metabolism or affect the efficacy and/or bioavailability of a coadministered drug."( Xenobiotic metabolomics: major impact on the metabolome.
Gonzalez, FJ; Idle, JR; Johnson, CH; Patterson, AD, 2012)		0.38
" Oral bioavailability in rats was 48-73% of parenteral administration, and antitumor activity in mice was equivalent by both routes."( Anticancer activity of stabilized palifosfamide in vivo: schedule effects, oral bioavailability, and enhanced activity with docetaxel and doxorubicin.
Amedio, J; Jones, B; Komarnitsky, P; Miller, GT; Wallner, BP, 2012)		0.65
" Our patient was subsequently enrolled on a phase 1 clinical trial of a novel, orally bioavailable bromodomain and extra terminal inhibitor, GSK525762 (NCT01587703)."( NUT midline carcinoma: an aggressive intrathoracic neoplasm.
Costello, BA; Dronca, RS; French, CA; Hilton, J; Marks, RS; Molina, JR; Nerby, CL; Parikh, SA; Peddareddigari, VG; Roden, AC; Shapiro, GI, 2013)		0.39
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51

Dosage Studied

Ifosfamide has important activity in pretreated soft tissue sarcomas (STS) Recent data support a clinically significant dose-response relationship for this agent. A daily dosage of 50 to 60 mg/kg on 5 consecutive days produced the best results.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Experiments in 214 DS carcinosarcoma bearing Wistar rats have shown that BA 1, at a dosage of only about 12 percent LD50 (150 mg kg) and negligible lethality (1."( [Demonstration of tumor inhibiting properties of a strongly immunostimulating low-molecular weight substance. Comparative studies with ifosfamide on the immuno-labile DS carcinosarcoma. Stimulation of the autoimmune activity for approx. 20 days by BA 1, a
Ardenne, M; Reitnauer, PG, 1975)		0.46
" The combination treatments with 6-thioguanine and each of six agents, especially with ACNU, showed a distinct therapeutic effect against the early L-1210 leukemia at dosage levels not producing any significant antitumor activity with each agent alone (ip-ip)."( Combination chemotherapy of 6-thioguanine with various antitumor agents against murine leukemia L-1210.
Fujimoto, S; Horikoshi, N; Hoshino, A; Inagaki, J, 1977)		0.26
" Similarly, there was a significant improvement in response duration for the low dosage regimen."( Ifosfamide in the treatment of recurrent or disseminated lung cancer: a phase II study of two dose schedules.
Costanzi, JJ; Gagliano, R; Hokanson, JA; Loukas, D; Panettiere, FJ, 1978)		1.7
" A daily dosage of 50 to 60 mg/kg ifosfamide on 5 consecutive days produced the best results."( Evaluation of a cooperative clinical study of the cytostatic agent ifosfamide.
Brock, N; Burkert, H; Fichtner, E; Schnitker, J, 1976)		0.77
" A policy of no dosage reduction is feasible in patients receiving combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide given as a 24-hour intravenous (IV) infusion, which is much more convenient than the more commonly used 4- to 5-day fractionated regimen."( Novel approaches with ifosfamide in small cell lung cancer.
Cerny, T; De Campos, E; Lind, M; Thatcher, N, 1992)		0.82
" It could be tested using alternate dosage schedules and in combination with other agents in treating this highly resistant neoplasm."( A phase II evaluation of ifosfamide and mesna in unresectable diffuse malignant mesothelioma. A Southwest Oncology Group study.
Balcerzak, SP; Berenberg, JL; Keppen, MD; Metch, B; Militello, L; Pierce, HI; Zidar, BL, 1992)		0.59
" Additional studies are needed to determine the role of ifosfamide in well-defined patient subsets, to assess its cross-resistance with other alkylating agents, and to determine the slope of the dose-response curve in patients with breast cancer."( Activity of ifosfamide in breast cancer.
Hortobagyi, GN, 1992)		0.91
" The predictive capability of a published nomogram is restricted by differences in dosage regimens and encephalopathic classifications."( Ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity: a case report and review of the literature.
Eaton, VE; Miller, LJ, 1992)		1.73
" The highest percentages were reported in studies using doses of doxorubicin of 60 mg/m2 or higher, with a suggested dose-response correlation."( Doxorubicin (or epidoxorubicin) combined with ifosfamide in the treatment of adult advanced soft tissue sarcomas.
Palumbo, R; Santi, L; Sogno, G; Toma, S; Venturino, A, 1992)		0.54
" Myelosuppression and granulocytopenia correlated better with day 1 versus day 5 ifosfamide pharmacokinetics suggesting that the alteration of ifosfamide pharmacology with multiple dosing has a significant effect on drug activity."( Clinical pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide in combination with N-acetylcysteine.
Ayele, W; Benvenuto, JA; Legha, SS; Newman, RA; Nicaise, C; Raber, MN, 1992)		0.8
" Both drugs show an increased therapeutic index when given as a fractionated dosage over several days."( Subcutaneous continuous infusion of ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide in ambulatory cancer patients: bioavailability and feasibility.
Brunner, KW; Cerny, T; Graf, A; Küpfer, A; Rohner, P; Zeugin, T, 1991)		0.56
", but on oral dosing of IFO."( Dosing and side-effects of ifosfamide plus mesna.
Araujo, CE; Brade, WP; Herdrich, K; Kachel-Fischer, U, 1991)		0.58
"Maximal dosing of cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs is often limited by the development of severe nonmyelosuppressive toxicities."( Chemoprotectants for cancer chemotherapy.
Dorr, RT, 1991)		0.28
"The chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and adverse effects of ifosfamide and mesna are described separately, followed by a discussion of the adverse effects of concurrent ifosfamide and mesna, the clinical spectrum of ifosfamide, and the dosage and administration of the two drugs."( Ifosfamide and mesna.
Dana, WJ; Schoenike, SE, 1990)		1.96
" It has an increased therapeutic index when given as a fractionated dosage over 3-5 days."( Bioavailability of subcutaneous ifosfamide and feasibility of continuous outpatient application in cancer patients.
Brunner, KW; Cerny, T; Küpfer, A; Zeugin, T, 1990)		0.56
" The VIhP regimen for salvage therapy gives the same rate of long term survivors than the regimen with conventional cisplatin dosage (VIP) but is much more toxic and cannot be recommended."( [Salvage chemotherapy of non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. Phase II trial of a combination of etoposide, ifosfamide and high-dose cisplatin].
Azab, M; Bouleuc, C; Droz, JP; Ghosn, M; Hayat, M; Ostronoff, M; Pico, JL; Ribrag, V; Theodore, C, )		0.34
" Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks for a maximum of six courses and no dosage reductions were allowed."( Ifosfamide, doxorubicin and etoposide in small cell lung cancer patients with poor prognosis.
Bronchud, MH; Kamthan, AG; Lind, MJ; Ranson, MR; Steward, WP; Stout, R; Thatcher, N, 1990)		1.72
"One hundred and forty-six patients with advanced malignant disease were treated with 6 different dosage schedules of ifosfamide (IFX)."( Ifosfamide and mesna in the treatment of malignant disease mesna as urothelial protector.
Falkson, CI; Falkson, G; Falkson, HC, 1989)		1.93
" There was statistically significant greater myelosuppression, stomatitis, and diarrhea in the very high dosage DTIC and melphalan (Regimen A) compared with the other two regimens."( High-dose, double alkylating agent chemotherapy with DTIC, melphalan, or ifosfamide and marrow rescue for metastatic malignant melanoma.
Carr, T; Chadwick, G; Craig, P; Jones, R; Lind, M; Morgenstern, G; Thatcher, D, 1989)		0.51
" No significant dose-response relationship was demonstrated in this heterogeneous group of patients."( A dose escalation study of carboplatin and ifosfamide in advanced ovarian cancer.
Coleman, RE; Gallagher, CJ; Harper, PG; Wiltshaw, E, 1989)		0.54
" IFN-alpha nl alone at this dosage was shown to have some cytotoxic activity."( Augmentation of cytotoxicity of chemotherapy by human alpha-interferons in human non-small cell lung cancer xenografts.
Balkwill, FR; Carmichael, J; Fergusson, RJ; Smyth, JF; Wolf, CR, 1986)		0.27
" Mesna has been given in higher dosage (5 g/m2 over 24 h), but otherwise the schedule is as above."( Ifosfamide plus mesna with and without adriamycin in soft tissue sarcoma.
Fisher, C; Harmer, C; McKinna, A; Westbury, G; Wiltshaw, E, 1986)		1.71
" The clinical course of this case had decided for us which route would be the most effective and would have the least side effect, also, how much of a dosage can be administered as a maximum adoptive dose of an anti-cancer agent, and what kind of a second-line chemotherapy is effective against resistant cancer cells."( [A case report of an advanced ovarian cancer (stage T4) treated with a total amount of 1815 mg of CDDP].
Hino, K; Ibaraki, T; Katou, Y; Kiyozuka, Y; Maruyama, M; Nabuchi, K; Ninomiya, Y; Noda, T; Okamura, Y; Oku, M, 1987)		0.27
" Analysis of the results according to sex, age, dosage of ifosfamide and degree of histological differentiation of the tumour cells failed to show any influence of these factors on the therapeutic results."( Treatment of advanced malignancies with ifosfamide under protection with mesna.
Brock, N; Guan, ZZ; He, YJ; Li, GC; Li, JQ, 1988)		0.79
"13 following systemic dosing of CP and IF, respectively."( Cerebrospinal fluid penetration of active metabolites of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in rhesus monkeys.
Arndt, CA; Balis, FM; Colvin, OM; McCully, CL; Poplack, DG, 1988)		0.5
"Complete groups of animals can be economized by application of the Box-Wilson-method to experimental determination of an optimal dosage for a drug combination."( [Sequential animal experimental determination of optimal dosages for combinations of cytostatics using a reduced number of experimental animals (vepeside/ifosfamide combination)].
Arnold, W; Nowak, C; Steinhoff, G; Tanneberger, S, 1988)		0.47
"In view of the divergent reports on the efficacy of ifosfamide in metastatic renal cell cancer, we tested this drug as monotherapy in nine patients on a dosage schedule of intravenous infusion of 40 mg/kg per day on days 1-5, repeated every 4 wk."( Ifosfamide chemotherapy of metastatic renal cell cancer.
Baki, M; Bodrogi, I; Eckhardt, S; Sinkovics, I, 1988)		1.97
" Doxorubicin should be administered preferably as 3-weekly bolus injections at doses higher than 60 mg/m2 because of its dose-response relationship."( The treatment of soft tissue sarcomas with focus on chemotherapy: a review.
Pinedo, HM; Verweij, J, 1986)		0.27
" Peak levels were reached within 1 h in both dosage groups."( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oral ifosfamide.
Drings, P; Wagner, T, 1986)		0.53
" Bone marrow suppression was the dose-limiting toxicity and led to dosage modification in 24 patients."( A phase II study of ifosfamide in advanced and relapsed carcinoma of the cervix.
Coleman, RE; Gallagher, C; Harper, PG; Osborne, R; Rankin, EM; Silverstone, AC; Slevin, ML; Souhami, RL; Tobias, JS; Trask, CW, 1986)		0.59
" With future identification of effective chemotherapy, new studies may be focused upon patients with localized disease to reduce radiation dosage or the need for immediate surgical resection of all involved eyes."( The use of chemotherapy for extraocular retinoblastoma.
Crom, DB; Howarth, C; Pratt, CB, 1985)		0.27
" Combination of vinblastine and bleomycin requires high dosage and a 5 day course of bleomycin."( [Chemotherapy of malignant testicular germ cell tumors: current state in children and adults].
Göbel, U; Weissbach, L, )		0.13
" cytostatic antibiotic), the dosage (20% LD50 vs."( Immunosuppression by cytostatic drugs?
Duncker, D; Müller-Ruchholtz, W; Ulrichs, K; Yu, MY, 1984)		0.27
" Therapeutic response to both drugs has been linked to plasma concentration of parent compound, and a nonlinear dose-response relationships might exist at high doses."( Dose-dependent metabolism, therapeutic effect, and toxicity of anticancer drugs in man.
Powis, G, 1983)		0.27
"Pharmacokinetic measurements to monitor and design cytotoxic treatments in cancer patients are being used more and more in order to optimize dosage and administration schedules."( Pharmacokinetic studies in lung cancer patients.
Cattaneo, MT; Piazza, E; Varini, M, 1984)		0.27
" It is likely that the reduced drug dosage might have contributed to the poor clinical response."( Timed sequential chemotherapy following drug-induced kinetic recruitment in refractory ovarian cancer.
Alama, A; Conte, PF; Favoni, R; Nicolin, A; Rosso, R; Trave, F, 1984)		0.27
" Oral ifosfamide therapy was determined to be feasible, and further studies are justified to assess the pharmacokinetics of the optimum dosage and scheduling regimens."( The bioavailability of oral and intravenous ifosfamide in the treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma.
McNiel, NO; Morgan, LR, 1981)		1
"We describe 2 cases of proximal tubular defects induced by the administration of ifosfamide at a dosage of 6 g/m2/course over 2 days in children with a diagnosis of malignant mesenchymal tumors."( Ifosfamide-induced renal tubular defect.
López Pérez, J; Melero, C; Muley, R; Torres Valdivieso, MJ; Vara, J; Vivanco, JL, 1994)		1.96
"The activity of HDI in these pretreated ASTS patients and the apparent circumvention of SDI resistance suggest a real dose-response relationship for ifosfamide and deserve further evaluation."( High-dose ifosfamide: circumvention of resistance to standard-dose ifosfamide in advanced soft tissue sarcomas.
Antoine, E; Brain, E; Fontaine, F; Genin, J; Janin, N; Kayitalire, L; Le Cesne, A; Le Chevalier, T; Spielmann, M; Toussaint, C, 1995)		0.89
"3 mmol/l) displaces the dose-response curve for acrolein to the left, indicating an increased toxicity of the combination of acrolein plus Dimesna."( Ifosfamide and mesna: effects on the Na/H exchanger activity in renal epithelial cells in culture (LLC-PK1).
Brandis, M; Küpper, N; Mohrmann, M; Schönfield, B, )		1.57
" There was a suggestion of a dose-response curve with paclitaxel as all three partial responses were seen at the 250 mg/m2 dose level."( Paclitaxel and ifosfamide: a multicenter phase I study in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Bitran, JD; Drinkard, LC; Golomb, HM; Hoffman, PC; Krauss, SA; Masters, GA; Samuels, BL; Vokes, EE; Watson, S, 1995)		0.64
" The dosage of paclitaxel was escalated from 75 to 225 mg/m2."( A phase I study of ifosfamide/carboplatin/etoposide/paclitaxel in advanced lung cancer.
Carey, RW; Elias, AD; Grossbard, ML; Jacobs, C; Jauss, S; Kwiatkowski, DJ; Lynch, TJ; Shulman, LN; Strauss, GM; Sugarbaker, DJ, 1995)		0.62
" The overall response rate of 41% might be improved by increased dosage and growth factor support."( Ifosfamide, mitoxantrone and etoposide (VIM) as salvage therapy of low toxicity in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Heinz, R; Hopfinger, G; Koller, E; Pittermann, E; Schneider, B, 1995)		1.73
" The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group is currently evaluating high-dose (200 mg/m2) and low-dose (135 mg/m2) paclitaxel in combination with cisplatin to assess dose-response effects, toxicity, and efficacy."( Single-agent paclitaxel and paclitaxel plus ifosfamide in the treatment of head and neck cancer.
Forastiere, AA; Urba, SG, 1995)		0.55
"More effective high-dose combination regimens are needed which have broad cytotoxic activity, steep dose-response relations and non-overlapping non-hematologic toxicities (to allow administration of full doses of each agent)."( Phase I study of high-dose ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide with autologous hematopoietic stem cell support.
Ayash, LJ; Elias, AD; Frei, E; Gonin, R; Mazanet, R; McCauley, M; Schnipper, L; Schwartz, G; Tepler, I; Wheeler, C, 1995)		0.59
" A dose-response relationship was not apparent with the mini-ICE regimen; however, among patients receiving maxi-ICE, a dose-response relationship was suggested in those patients responding to anthracycline-based chemotherapy."( Ifosfamide/carboplatin/etoposide chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer with or without autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: evaluation of dose-response relationships.
Elfenbein, GJ; Fields, KK; Perkins, JB, 1995)		1.73
" Since ICE has substantial activity in a number of malignancies, but significant renal morbidity, real-time pharmacokinetic-guided dosing may reduce treatment-related toxicity."( High-dose ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide pharmacokinetics: correlation of plasma drug levels with renal toxicity.
Andersen, J; Antman, K; Elias, A; Frel, E; Holden, S; Rosowsky, A; Schwartz, G; Tretyakov, O; Wheeler, C; Wright, JE, 1995)		0.69
"A simple colorimetric method for the determination of cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide in pure and in dosage forms is suggested."( Colorimetric determination of cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide.
Amer, SM; el-Kousasy, AM; Mohamed, ZH, 1994)		0.29
" These results compare favourably with other combined modality studies, using multiple radiotherapy fractions with cisplatin-based combinations and dosage reduction for patients staged in more anatomical detail."( Therapy for small cell lung cancer using carboplatin, ifosfamide, etoposide (without dose reduction), mid-cycle vincristine with thoracic and cranial irradiation.
Burt, P; Hicks, F; Leahy, B; Lorigan, P; Prendiville, J; Stout, R; Thatcher, N, 1994)		0.54
"Agents with broad cytotoxic activity, steep linear log dose-response relationships, relative non-cross-resistance, and nonoverlapping nonhematologic toxicities can be combined to create new high-dose combination regimens."( High-dose ifosfamide/carboplatin/etoposide with autologous hematopoietic stem cell support: safety and future directions.
Antman, KH; Ayash, LJ; Elias, AD; Frei, E; Mazanet, R; McCauley, M; Schnipper, L; Schwartz, G; Tepler, I; Wheeler, C, 1994)		0.69
" Since ifosfamide induced unexpectedly higher toxicity, response was corrected based on the shape of the dose-response curve for ifosfamide."( Efficacy of ifosfamide, dacarbazine, doxorubicin and cisplatin in human sarcoma xenografts.
Budach, V; Budach, W; Reipke, P; Scheulen, ME; Schmauder, B; Stuschke, M, 1994)		1.12
" The dosage of IEP in this study caused moderate toxicity."( Ifosfamide, epirubicin and cisplatin (IEP): another active combination for small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
Jiamsriponges, K; Thongprasert, S, 1993)		1.73
" Carboplatin dosing by the area under the curve (AUC) may minimize thrombocytopenia."( Ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide plus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: a phase I study with apparent activity in non-small-cell lung cancer.
Comis, R; Haas, N; Kilpatrick, D; Krigel, RL; Langer, C; Padavic, K; Palackdharry, CS, 1994)		1.73
" Moreover, a dose-response relationship was detectable: 1/6 patients without lung irradiation vs."( Lung irradiation for Ewing's sarcoma with pulmonary metastases at diagnosis: results of the CESS-studies.
Dunst, J; Jürgens, H; Paulussen, M, 1993)		0.29
" More frequent dosing or infusion may be necessary to maintain adequate drug levels for antitumor activity when IPM is administered directly."( Preclinical pharmacokinetics and stability of isophosphoramide mustard.
Chan, KK; Muggia, F; Zheng, JJ, 1994)		0.29
" The authors performed a dose-escalation trial of ifosfamide with a fixed dosage of etoposide, with mesna uroprotection, in children with multiply recurrent acute leukemia."( Ifosfamide with mesna uroprotection and etoposide in recurrent, refractory acute leukemia in childhood. A Pediatric Oncology Group Study.
Bell, B; Bernstein, ML; Buchanan, GR; Devine, S; Dreyer, Z; Grier, H; Krischer, J; Kung, F; Land, V; Whitehead, VM, 1993)		1.98
" In addition it offered a simple and convenient dosing regimen and a safer side-effect profile."( The antiemetic efficacy and safety of granisetron compared with metoclopramide plus dexamethasone in patients receiving fractionated chemotherapy over 5 days. The Granisetron Study Group.
, 1993)		0.29
" A randomized phase III study is now underway comparing this regimen with conventional-dose doxorubicin/ifosfamide to test the dose-response relationship."( Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor allows safe escalation of dose-intensity of chemotherapy in metastatic adult soft tissue sarcomas: a study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Grou
Clavel, M; Crowther, D; Kerbrat, P; Rouesse, J; Somers, R; Spooner, D; Steward, WP; Tueni, E; Tursz, T; Verweij, J, 1993)		0.5
"A continuous 14-day infusion of ifosfamide admixed with carboplatin is feasible in an ambulatory setting with no need for adding mesna for urologic protection and full dosage administration for each agent."( Pilot study of ambulatory infusional ifosfamide admixed with carboplatin.
Anderson, NR; Bern, MM; Coco, F; Gonzalves, L; Lokich, JJ; Moore, C; Zipoli, TE, 1993)		0.84
" The clear relationship between hematologic toxicity and carboplatin systemic exposure supports the use of targeted dosing in further trials of ICE chemotherapy."( Phase I study of escalating targeted doses of carboplatin combined with ifosfamide and etoposide in children with relapsed solid tumors.
Bowman, LC; Douglass, E; Furman, W; Hudson, M; Marina, NM; Meyer, W; Rodman, J; Santana, VM; Shema, SJ; Wilimas, J, 1993)		0.52
" Our studies suggest a dose-response relationship for ifosfamide."( Single-agent ifosfamide studies in sarcomas of soft tissue and bone: the M.D. Anderson experience.
Benjamin, RS; Legha, SS; Nicaise, C; Patel, SR, 1993)		0.9
" Ifosfamide dosage was not increased."( Epirubicin and ifosfamide in advanced soft tissue sarcoma: a phase II study.
Chevallier, B; Facchini, T; Fargeot, P; Leyvraz, S; Olivier, JP; Vo Van, ML, 1993)		1.55
"Patients were assigned to dosage cohorts separately on the basis of prior exposure to the platinum alkylating agents cisplatin or carboplatin (n = 20) or the absence of such exposure (n = 9)."( A phase I study of ifosfamide with Mesna given daily for 3 consecutive days to children with malignant solid tumors.
Avery, L; Bowman, L; Douglass, EC; Marina, N; Meyer, WH; Ochs, J; Pratt, CB; Thompson, EI; Wilimas, J, 1993)		0.61
"Myelosuppression was dose-limiting at the second dosage level (2560 mg/m2/d) for patients previously treated with platinum and at the third dosage level (3072 mg/m2/d) for those not previously treated with platinum."( A phase I study of ifosfamide with Mesna given daily for 3 consecutive days to children with malignant solid tumors.
Avery, L; Bowman, L; Douglass, EC; Marina, N; Meyer, WH; Ochs, J; Pratt, CB; Thompson, EI; Wilimas, J, 1993)		0.61
"The patients were assigned to dosage cohorts separated on the basis of prior exposure to cisplatin (n = 10) or the absence of such exposure (n = 10)."( A phase I study of ifosfamide given on alternate days to treat children with brain tumors.
Avery, L; Douglass, EC; Heideman, R; Kellie, SJ; Kovnar, EH; Kun, L; Pratt, CB, 1993)		0.61
" After dosing with the D-compound, the highest levels of radioactivity were found in the liver, kidneys, thymus, thyroid gland, and central nervous system, including the brain."( Pharmacokinetics and whole-body distribution of the new chemotherapeutic agent beta-D-glucosylisophosphoramide mustard and its effects on the incorporation of [methyl-3H]-thymidine in various tissues of the rat.
Bertram, B; Bollow, U; Hull, WE; Pohl, J; Port, R; Schaper, M; Stüben, J; Wiessler, M, 1996)		0.29
"Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent with clinical activity in the treatment of sarcomas, and data support a dose-response relationship in this disease."( High-dose ifosfamide in the treatment of sarcomas of soft tissues and bone.
Demetri, GD, 1996)		2.14
" Sequential dosing protocols, administration of high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood progenitor cell support, and other approaches, possibly combining current treatment options, may be necessary to further improve the long-term survival of patients with relapsed NHL."( Dose-intensive ifosfamide for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Vose, JM, 1996)		0.65
" Unfortunately, the available data on ifosfamide use in advanced disease are derived from poorly designed studies that evaluated various patient populations and dosing schedules."( Ifosfamide in the treatment of breast cancer.
Overmoyer, BA, 1996)		2.01
" This review summarizes dosing schedules and the incidence of hematuria in 47 clinical studies, in which oral mesna was given to at least 1,986 patients who received more than 6,475 courses of ifosfamide."( Oral administration of mesna with ifosfamide.
Goren, MP, 1996)		0.76
" Our goal was to confirm a dose-response relationship for ifosfamide in soft tissue sarcoma."( High-dose ifosfamide in the treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcomas.
Tursz, T, 1996)		0.94
"The addition of IFN-alpha to induction CT appears to confer a survival benefit to SCLC patients but optimal dosing schedule has yet to be defined."( Interferon alpha-2a and combined chemotherapy as first line treatment in SCLC patients: a randomized trial.
Charitopoulos, K; Dimitriadis, K; Economides, D; Maglaveras, N; Papagiannis, A; Vamvalis, C; Zarogoulidis, K; Ziogas, E, 1996)		0.29
" For this first step a daily dosage of 300 mg/m2 of body surface resulted in only moderate leukopenia, whereas a daily dosage of 450 mg/m2 caused severe leukopenia."( Development of a canine chemotherapeutic model with ifosfamide.
Chao, EY; Donehower, RC; Frassica, FJ; Ikeda, K; Inoue, N; Tomita, K, 1996)		0.54
" Dose-response curves for cisplatin (3-30 000 nmol) combined with non-toxic silibinin doses (7."( Silibinin protects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity without compromising cisplatin or ifosfamide anti-tumour activity.
Bokemeyer, C; Dunn, T; Fels, LM; Gaedeke, J; Lentzen, H; Schmoll, HJ; Stolte, H; Voigt, W, 1996)		0.51
" Such simultaneous administration enabled us to substantially increase the dosage intensity of both, thereby increasing the effectiveness of each drug."( Infusional chemotherapy combined with recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor: advantages and limitations.
Lackman, RD; Weiss, AJ, 1997)		0.3
" Tumour response was studied by the tumour growth (TG) time assay; namely, the TG time or the time for one-half of the treated tumours to reach 700 mm3 from the initial treatment day was determined and the dose-response curves was fitted between the TG time and IFO dose."( Thermal enhancement of the effect of ifosfamide against a spontaneous murine fibrosarcoma, FSa-II.
Kuroda, M; Reynolds, R; Urano, M, )		0.4
" Both have a dose-response relationship."( Phase II study of a closely spaced ifosfamide--cisplatin schedule with the addition of G-CSF in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and malignant melanoma.
de Wit, R; Planting, AS; Stoter, G; van der Burg, ME; Verweij, J, 1996)		0.57
" Based on these findings, the author established a consecutive low-dose CDDP dosing method, which possibly could deliver a higher therapeutic index compared with the bolus-dosing method."( [Consecutive low-dose cisplatin-based chemotherapy for gynecologic malignancies].
Shimizu, Y, 1997)		0.3
" No clinical evidence of renal failure was attributed to the high dosage of the drug in the course of assays of biochemical components of the blood, blood- and urine-beta-2-microglobulins, N-acetyl-D-hexoaminidase (NAG) level in urine, creatinine clearance and complex renoscintigraphy data."( [High-dose ifosfamide in the treatment of patients with soft tissue sarcoma].
Averinova, SG; Garin, AM; Kashkadaeva, AV; Liubimova, NV; Romanova, LF; Shiriaev, SV; Sidorova, NI; Tiuliandin, SA, 1996)		0.68
" This combination of drugs at this dosage has tolerable toxicity, is efficient and deserves evaluation in phase III studies."( Ifosfamide and etoposide in childhood osteosarcoma. A phase II study of the French Society of Paediatric Oncology.
Avet-Loiseau, H; Berger, C; Bernard, JL; Brunat-Mentigny, M; De Lumley, L; Demaille, MC; Gentet, JC; Kalifa, C; Pacquement, H; Pein, F; Pillon, P; Sariban, E; Schmitt, C, 1997)		1.74
" Pharmacokinetic study did not show induction mechanism at this dosage and with this type of administration."( [High dose ifosfamide at 15 g/m2/cycle: a feasibility study in 10 patients].
Baranzelli, MC; Deligny, N; Demaille, MC; Gourmel, B; N'Guyen, M; Pichon, F, 1997)		0.69
" In parallel, patients with solid tumors or non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (n = 28) treated with etoposide (500 mg/m2), ifosfamide (1500 mg/m2) and cisplatin (150 mg/m2) and identical dosing of G-CSF were analyzed."( Blood progenitor cell (BPC) mobilization studied in multiple myeloma, solid tumor and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients after combination chemotherapy and G-CSF.
Engelhardt, M; Henschler, R; Lange, W; Mertelsmann, R; Waller, C; Winkler, J, 1997)		0.51
" There is a definite positive dose-response curve, and bolus administration appears to be more active than continuous infusion."( High-dose ifosfamide in bone and soft tissue sarcomas: results of phase II and pilot studies--dose-response and schedule dependence.
Benjamin, RS; Burgess, MA; Hays, C; Papadopolous, N; Patel, SR; Plager, C; Vadhan-Raj, S, 1997)		0.7
" Similar dose-response curves were found for both metabolites."( Ifosfamide cytotoxicity on human tumor and renal cells: role of chloroacetaldehyde in comparison to 4-hydroxyifosfamide.
Brüggemann, SK; Kisro, J; Wagner, T, 1997)		1.74
"A preliminary co-operative study by 7 institutes was conducted to determine the optimal dosage of the combination regimen with nedaplatin, bleomycin and ifosfamide, which is used in a phase III clinical study, to investigate its efficacy as neoadjuvant chemotherapy against advanced cervical cancer of the uterus."( [Combination chemotherapy with nedaplatin, bleomycin and ifosfamide for advanced cervical cancer of the uterus--a preliminary study for phase III clinical study].
Hatae, M; Hirabayashi, K; Kanazawa, K; Noda, K; Ozaki, M; Terashima, Y; Yakushiji, M, 1997)		0.74
" The study design and dosing schedule are discussed in this report."( Paclitaxel/carboplatin plus ifosfamide in non-small cell lung cancer.
Golomb, HM; Hoffman, PC; Masters, G; Mauer, AM; Vokes, EE; Watson, S, 1997)		0.59
"We have treated 26 consecutive chemotherapy-naive patients with stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer with an innovative regimen based on a 1-hour infusion of paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) 125 to 250 mg/m2, ifosfamide 3 g/m2 (with mesna), and carboplatin dosed to an area under the concentration-time curve of 5, every 21 days for a total of six cycles in responding or stabilized patients."( Paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and carboplatin for the treatment of stages IIIB and IV non-small cell lung cancer: preliminary results.
Alghisi, A; Bozzola, G; Marini, G; Meriggi, F; Mutti, S; Pascarella, A; Rizzi, A; Zaniboni, A, 1997)		0.86
" Mesna was administered intravenously at a 20% of the ifosfamide dosage before ifosfamide and orally at 40% after 4 and 8 hours from the ifosfamide infusion."( Second line chemotherapy with ifosfamide as outpatient treatment for advanced bladder cancer.
Pensa, F; Pronzato, P; Tani, F; Vaira, F; Vanoli, M; Vigani, A, 1997)		0.83
"Ifosfamide has important activity in pretreated soft tissue sarcomas (STS), and recent data support a clinically significant dose-response relationship for this agent."( Phase II study of continuous-infusion high-dose ifosfamide in advanced and/or metastatic pretreated soft tissue sarcomas.
Antimi, M; Gatti, C; Palmeri, S; Palumbo, R; Raffo, P; Toma, S; Villani, G, 1997)		2
" However, studies for pediatric patients are limited, and there are no systematic data on the pharmacokinetics of PIXY321 given over prolonged periods at current dosage levels."( Clinical effects and pharmacokinetics of the fusion protein PIXY321 in children receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy.
Arnold, B; Furman, WL; Garrison, L; Hanna, R; Luo, X; Marina, N; Meyer, WH; Pratt, CB; Rodman, JH; Tonda, ME, 1998)		0.3
"The purpose of this study was to make evidence-based recommendations regarding the mode, dosage and schedule of delivery of concomitant mesna (sodium-2-mercaptoethanesulfonate) to protect against ifosfamide-induced uroepithelial toxicity."( Use of mesna to prevent ifosfamide-induced urotoxicity.
Moore, MJ; Siu, LL, 1998)		0.8
"Three bromine-ifosfamide analogues: racemic chlorobromofosfamide (+/-)-(R,S)-1, its levorotatory enantiomer (-)-(S)-2 and racemic bromofosfamide (+/-)-(R,S)-3 showed considerable stereoselective differences in their pharmacokinetics and bioavailability depending on the route of administration and regimen of dosage studies in rats."( Pharmacokinetic-stereoselective differentiation of some isomeric analogues of ifosfamide.
Hładoń, B; Kinas, R; Kuśnierczyk, H; Laskowska, H; Sloderbach, A; Sochacki, M, )		0.72
" The kinetics of the excretion were compared following short-term and continuous ifosfamide infusion at a dosage of 3 g/m2."( Excretion kinetics of ifosfamide side-chain metabolites in children on continuous and short-term infusion.
Blaschke, G; Boos, J; Hohenlöchter, B; Jürgens, H; Rossi, R; Silies, H, 1998)		0.84
" Dosage of the two drugs was modified according to nadir white blood count after each cycle."( Phase II study of paclitaxel (Taxol) and ifosfamide (Holoxan) in inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer.
Thongprasert, S, 1998)		0.57
" Five phase II studies have been performed using different scheduling and dosage regimens."( Combination studies with gemcitabine in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer.
Steward, WP, 1998)		0.3
", doses > 10 g/m2), which supports a dose-response relationship for this drug."( Phase II trial of first-line high-dose ifosfamide in advanced soft tissue sarcomas of the adult: a study of the Spanish Group for Research on Sarcomas (GEIS)
Antón, A; Arranz, F; Bellmunt, J; Buesa, JM; Casado, A; Escudero, P; García del Muro, J; López-Pousa, A; Martín, J; Menéndez, D; Poveda, A; Valentí, V, 1998)		0.57
"Ifosfamide and doxorubicin are the most active agents in the treatment of sarcomas and are characterized by a marked dose-response relationship."( Phase I multicenter study of combined high-dose ifosfamide and doxorubicin in the treatment of advanced sarcomas. Swiss Group for Clinical Research (SAKK).
Bacchi, M; Bressoud, A; Cerny, T; Hermann, R; Leyvraz, S; Lissoni, A; Sessa, C, 1998)		2
"Adriamycin (ADM) and ifosfamide (IFO) are the two most active agents in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) with a clear dose-response relationship."( High-dose ifosfamide plus adriamycin in the treatment of adult advanced soft tissue sarcomas: is it feasible?
Aapro, MS; De Braud, F; De Pas, T; Fazio, N; Goldhirsch, A; Munzone, E; Nolè, F; Orlando, L; Zampino, MG, 1998)		1.02
" In older patients (> 60 years) the dosage of idarubicin and ifosfamide was reduced to 75% in the initial cycle."( DIZE (dexamethasone, idarubicin, and continuous infusion of ifosfamide and etoposide): an effective and well-tolerated new regimen for patients with relapsed lymphoma.
Borchmann, P; Diehl, V; Engert, A; Münch, R; Reiser, M; Schnell, R; Straub, G; Ubelacker, R; Wilhelm, M; Wörmann, B, 1998)		0.78
" The ifosfamide dosage reached was 4-13 g/m2 per cycle, median 5 g/m2."( Pilot study of daily ifosfamide 1 g/m2 until grade III granulocytopenia as second-line chemotherapy for anthracycline-pretreated advanced soft tissue sarcoma.
Babović, N; Jelić, S; Matković, S; Milanović, N, )		0.96
" Following 1 cycle of MAID at the standard dose, four patients were to be treated at each of five dosage levels: +25%, +45%, +65%, +85%, +100%."( Phase I-II trial of intensification of the MAID regimen with support of lenograstim (rHuG-CSF) in patients with advanced soft-tissue sarcoma (STS).
Bui, BN; Chevallier, B; Chevreau, C; Coindre, JM; Cour-Chabernaud, V; Gil, B; Krakowski, I; Maugard, C; Mihura, J, 1999)		0.3
" Four patients were assigned to different dosage levels, and drug toxicity was evaluated for the first 2 cycles."( Phase I study of a combination of irinotecan and ifosfamide in advanced primary lung cancer.
Gohara, R; Ichiki, M; Kawayama, T; Kinoshita, M; Mitui, T; Oizumi, K; Okubo, Y; Rikimaru, T, 1999)		0.56
"5 g/m(2)/day as 72-hour continuous infusion with mesna at the same dosage and schedule."( Treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcomas with ifosfamide and doxorubicin combination chemotherapy.
Altundağ, K; Baltali, E; Barişta, I; Celik, I; Firat, D; Güler, N; Güllü, I; Kars, A; Ozişik, Y; Tekuzman, G; Türker, A; Uner, A; Yalçin, S; Zengin, N, 2000)		0.56
" The present retrospective analysis assessed two ways of dosing carboplatin: according to body surface area (mg/m2) or to the estimated targeted area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC)."( A comparison of methods of calculation for estimating carboplatin AUC with a retrospective pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. European Lung Cancer Working Party.
Alexopoulos, CG; Berchier, MC; Bureau, G; Giner, V; Klastersky, J; Koumakis, G; Lafitte, JJ; Lecomte, J; Mommen, P; Ninane, V; Paesmans, M; Sculier, JP; Thiriaux, J; Zacharias, C, 1999)		0.3
" The AUC of carboplatin measured in serum was lower than the target AUC; this may be related to underestimation of the glomerular filtration rate used in the dosing formula."( Sequential dose-intensive paclitaxel, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide salvage therapy for germ cell tumor patients.
Bains, M; Bajorin, DF; Bosl, GJ; Flombaum, C; Macapinlac, HA; Mariani, T; Mazumdar, M; Motzer, RJ; Reich, L; Sheinfeld, J; Tong, WP, 2000)		0.58
" Optimal dosing of carboplatin in the high-dose setting warrants further investigation."( Sequential dose-intensive paclitaxel, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide salvage therapy for germ cell tumor patients.
Bains, M; Bajorin, DF; Bosl, GJ; Flombaum, C; Macapinlac, HA; Mariani, T; Mazumdar, M; Motzer, RJ; Reich, L; Sheinfeld, J; Tong, WP, 2000)		0.58
" A doubling of the intensity of cyclophosphamide (or ifosfamide equivalent) dosing per cycle between IRS-III and IRS-IV is thought to be a key contributing factor for this improvement."( Benefit of intensified therapy for patients with local or regional embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: results from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study IV.
Anderson, JR; Baker, KS; Breneman, JC; Crist, WM; Grier, HE; Link, MP; Maurer, HM; Qualman, SJ; Wiener, ES, 2000)		0.56
" Our trial failed to demonstrate a significant improvement in response or survival when patients with metastatic NSCLC were treated, in addition to ifosfamide and mitomycin, by combination of moderate dosages of cisplatin and carboplatin instead of moderate dosage of cisplatin alone."( Phase III randomized trial comparing moderate-dose cisplatin to combined cisplatin and carboplatin in addition to mitomycin and ifosfamide in patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer.
Alexopoulos, CG; Baumöhl, J; Berghmans, T; Florin, MC; Klastersky, J; Koumakis, G; Lafitte, JJ; Mommen, P; Ninane, V; Paesmans, M; Schmerber, J; Sculier, JP; Thiriaux, J; Zacharias, C, 2000)		0.71
" At the same time the carboplatin dosing calculation was changed and an area under the curve (AUC) formula rather than by mg/m2 was used to calculate this."( Should high-dose chemotherapy be used to consolidate second or third line treatment in relapsing germ cell tumours?
Gallagher, CJ; Gupta, RK; Kelsey, S; Lister, TA; Newland, AC; O'Doherty, CA; Oliver, RT; Shamash, J, 2000)		0.31
" A good performance status, lymph node metastasis alone and administration of chemotherapy at the full dosage had a significantly favorable impact on patient survival."( Combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide, 5-fluorouracil, etoposide and cisplatin for metastatic urothelial cancer.
Fukui, I; Ishiwata, D; Kim, T; Tohma, T; Tsukamoto, T; Yonese, J; Yoshida, T, 2001)		0.6
" In patients with advanced stage soft tissue sarcomas (ASTS), a dose-response relationship has been established for doxorubicin and ifosfamide."( [High-dose chemotherapy in soft tissue sarcomas of adults].
Biron, P; Blay, JY; Ray-Coquard, I, 2001)		0.51
" Clinical trials that include pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies may be the most efficient way to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of ifosfamide and define the dosing and scheduling."( Antiblastic drug combinations with ifosfamide: an update.
Badalamenti, G; Fulfaro, F; Gebbia, N; Russo, A; Valerio, MR, 2003)		0.8
" This phase I trial aimed to determine the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), maximum tolerated dose [maximum tolerated dosage (MTD)], and recommended dose (RD) of a GIP combination in patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC."( Phase I study with dose escalation of gemcitabine and cisplatin in combination with ifosfamide (GIP) in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma.
Billiart, I; Bourgeois, H; Chabrun, V; Chieze, S; Daban, A; Ferrand, V; Germain, T; Lemerre, D; Meurice, JC; Tourani, JM, 2004)		0.55
" Haematological toxicity and dosage reductions were higher with SuperMIP, which was nevertheless associated with a significantly increased absolute dose intensity."( A phase III randomised study comparing two different dose-intensity regimens as induction chemotherapy followed by thoracic irradiation in patients with advanced locoregional non-small-cell lung cancer.
Berghmans, T; Corhay, JL; Efremidis, A; Giner, V; Koumakis, G; Lafitte, JJ; Lecomte, J; Lothaire, P; Mommen, P; Ninane, V; Paesmans, M; Richez, M; Sculier, JP; Thiriaux, J; Van Houtte, P; Wackenier, P, 2004)		0.32
" This observation suggests a strategy of individualized dosing adapted to hematotoxicity."( Low acute hematological toxicity during chemotherapy predicts reduced disease control in advanced Hodgkin's disease.
Brosteanu, O; Diehl, V; Hasenclever, D; Loeffler, M, 2004)		0.32
" As cytostatics for hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion, we have used Mitomycin in a dosage of 18 mg/m2 plus Melphalan in a dosage of 25 mg/m2."( Cytoreductive surgery plus intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion is an effective treatment for metastasized malignant mixed mesodermal tumours (MMMT)--report of six cases.
Müller, H; Nakchbandi, V, 2004)		0.32
" Partial responses were documented in three patients with ovarian cancer dosed below the MTD."( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the combination of topotecan and ifosfamide administered intravenously every 3 weeks.
Ambaum, B; Beijnen, JH; Groenewegen, G; Herben, VM; Jansen, S; Kerbusch, T; Mathôt, RA; Rosing, H; Schellens, JH; Swart, M; ten Bokkel Huinink, WW; Voest, EE, 2004)		0.56
"The profile of mesna excretion after intravenous and oral dosing in these children was similar to that in reported studies of ifosfamide-treated adults."( Urine mesna excretion after intravenous and oral dosing in ifosfamide-treated children.
Bush, DA; Epelman, S; Goren, MP, 2004)		0.77
" Ifosfamide was dosed either as a continuous infusion or as fractionated doses over 2 or 3 days."( Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ifosfamide in relation to DNA damage assessed by the COMET assay in children with cancer.
Boddy, AV; Cholerton, S; Ford, D; Parry, A; Pearson, AD; Price, L; Tilby, MJ; Willits, I, 2005)		1.52
"Data presented suggest that dosing of dactinomycin based on surface area is not optimal, either in younger patients in whom the risk of toxicity is greater, or in older patients where doses are capped."( Pharmacokinetics of dactinomycin in a pediatric patient population: a United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group Study.
Beane, C; Boddy, AV; Brennan, B; Chisholm, JC; Cole, M; Elsworth, AM; Errington, J; Glaser, A; Hale, J; Hemsworth, S; Howe, K; Jenner, G; McDowell, H; Nicholson, J; Parry, A; Pearson, AD; Pinkerton, R; Pritchard-Jones, K; Veal, GJ; Waters, F; Wright, Y, 2005)		0.33
" The results however, did not show expected treatment efficacy and we raise the idea of paclitaxel dosage relevance in TIP."( Paclitaxel plus ifosfamide and cisplatin in second-line treatment of germ cell tumors: a phase II study.
Hlavatá, Z; Koza, I; Mardiak, J; Mego, M; Obertová, J; Recková, M; Sálek, T; Sycová-Milá, Z, 2005)		0.67
" After an initial bolus of 1 g/m(2) of mesna, mesna was applied at a dosage of 5 g/m(2) concomitantly with ifosfamide followed by additional dosages of 200 mg 3 times at 4-hour intervals after termination of the ifosfamide infusion."( Ifosfamide/mesna as salvage therapy in platinum pretreated ovarian cancer patients--long-term results of a phase II study.
Baur, M; Dittrich, C; Fazeny-Doerner, B; Hudec, M; Salzer, H; Sevelda, P, 2006)		1.99
"The starting dosage of ifosfamide was 400 mg/m(2) of body surface area, IV, and dosages were increased by 50 to 100 mg/m(2) in cohorts of 3 cats."( Phase I trial and pharmacokinetic analysis of ifosfamide in cats with sarcomas.
Beaulieu, BB; Kristal, O; Lewis, LD; Moore, AS; Northrup, NC; Page, RL; Rassnick, KM, 2006)		0.9
"The dosage of ifosfamide recommended to treat tumor-bearing cats is 900 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks."( Phase I trial and pharmacokinetic analysis of ifosfamide in cats with sarcomas.
Beaulieu, BB; Kristal, O; Lewis, LD; Moore, AS; Northrup, NC; Page, RL; Rassnick, KM, 2006)		0.95
" The purpose of the study was to determine the optimal dosage and the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of a specified schedule of gemcitabine and ifosfamide."( Dose-finding study of fixed dose gemcitabine and escalating doses of ifosfamide given on days 1 and 8 in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Aschroft, L; Baka, S; Blackhall, F; Buchholz, E; Lorigan, P; Manegold, C; Nagel, S; Schott-von-Römer, K; Thatcher, N, 2006)		0.77
" In conclusion, this seems to be a feasible combination in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas, allowing ifosfamide to be given in a dosage similar to that used when given alone."( Phase 1 European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer study determining safety of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Caelyx) in combination with ifosfamide in previously untreated adult patients with advanced or metastatic soft tissue sarcomas.
Blay, J; Christensen, TB; Daugaard, S; Hermans, C; Judson, I; Marreaud, S; Nielsen, OS; Pink, D; Reichardt, P; van Glabbeke, M, 2006)		0.74
" Mesna was applied at a dosage of 20% of ifosfamide 3 times at 4-hour intervals after termination of the ifosfamide infusion."( [Efficacy of chemotherapy regimen using ifosphamide and carboplatin on recurrent or refractory neuroblastoma].
Ling, JY; Sun, XF; Wang, ZH; Xia, Y; Zhen, ZJ, 2006)		0.6
" There was no compelling evidence for increased toxicity of doxorubicin when given at 100% versus 50% dosing (full dose: 20 mg/m(2) day x 3), but the number of patients analyzed was small."( Renal failure does not preclude cure in children receiving chemotherapy for Wilms tumor: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group.
Breslow, NE; Feusner, JH; Green, DM; Norkool, PA; Ritchey, ML; Takashima, JR, 2008)		0.35
"The data suggest that, in the setting of renal failure, reduction of dosing is not necessary for the three main agents used for treatment of newly diagnosed Wilms tumor, and cure is not precluded."( Renal failure does not preclude cure in children receiving chemotherapy for Wilms tumor: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group.
Breslow, NE; Feusner, JH; Green, DM; Norkool, PA; Ritchey, ML; Takashima, JR, 2008)		0.35
" These data may aid the design of studies to clarify optimal dosing and leukapheresis with pegfilgrastim."( A phase 2 pilot study of pegfilgrastim and filgrastim for mobilizing peripheral blood progenitor cells in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma receiving chemotherapy.
Baker, N; Barker, P; Boogaerts, M; Canizo, CD; Johnsen, HE; Mesters, R; Russell, N; Schmitz, N; Schubert, J; Skacel, T, 2008)		0.35
" This study aimed to determine the recommended dosage of nedaplatin plus ifosfamide chemoradiotherapy for advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the uterine cervix."( Phase I study of chemoradiation with nedaplatin and ifosfamide in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
Hiramatsu, Y; Hongo, A; Kanazawa, S; Kodama, J; Moriya, S; Nakamura, K; Seki, N; Takemoto, M, )		0.61
" Carboplatin dosage was based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to achieve targeted systemic exposure (6mg/ml min)."( Renal function after ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) chemotherapy, nephrectomy and radiotherapy in children with Wilms tumour.
Daw, NC; Gregornik, D; Jenkins, JJ; Jones, DP; Kun, LE; Marina, N; McPherson, V; Rodman, J; Wilimas, J; Wu, J, 2009)		0.67
" Grade 3/4 creatinine increase occurred in 6 patients on glufosfamide, including 4 with dosing errors."( A randomised Phase III trial of glufosfamide compared with best supportive care in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma previously treated with gemcitabine.
Bodoky, G; Ciuleanu, TE; Garin, AM; Kroll, S; Langmuir, VK; Pavlovsky, AV; Tidmarsh, GT, 2009)		0.35
" A novel five-drug combination of etoposide, vincristine, dactinomycin, ifosfamide, and doxorubicin (EVAIA) was evaluated for high-risk patients, but cumulative chemotherapy dosage and treatment duration were reduced for the remaining individuals as compared with that of the previous trial CWS-86."( Cooperative trial CWS-91 for localized soft tissue sarcoma in children, adolescents, and young adults.
Bielack, SS; Brecht, I; Dantonello, TM; Dickerhoff, R; Gadner, H; Greiner, J; Greulich, M; Harms, D; Herbst, M; Int-Veen, C; Juergens, H; Kirsch, S; Klingebiel, T; Koscielniak, E; Leuschner, I; Marky, I; Scheel-Walter, HG; Schmelzle, R; Schmidt, BF; Treuner, J, 2009)		0.59
" Alternative dosing of glufosfamide plus gemcitabine should be explored."( A phase 2 trial of glufosfamide in combination with gemcitabine in chemotherapy-naive pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Barrios, CH; Chiorean, EG; Dragovich, T; Gorini, CF; Hamm, J; Jung, DT; Kroll, S; Langmuir, VK; Loehrer, PJ; Tidmarsh, GT, 2010)		0.36
" All 21 patients with DI required daily change in dosage and schedule of DDAVP."( Challenges in management of patients with intracranial germ cell tumor and diabetes insipidus treated with cisplatin and/or ifosfamide based chemotherapy.
Afzal, S; Bartels, U; Bouffet, E; Huang, A; Stephens, D; Tabori, U; Wherrett, D, 2010)		0.57
"Ifosfamide is currently used to treat pediatric sarcomas and increasing its dosage may be associated with a better response rate."( Prolonged 14-day continuous infusion of high-dose ifosfamide with an external portable pump: feasibility and efficacy in refractory pediatric sarcoma.
Casanova, M; Cefalo, G; Favini, F; Ferrari, A; Luksch, R; Massimino, M; Meazza, C; Podda, M, 2010)		2.06
" Primary therapies were divided into four groups: radiotherapy alone, moderately dosed COPP/ABVD-like chemotherapies for intermediate and advanced stages and BEACOPP escalated."( Impact of first- and second-line treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma on the incidence of AML/MDS and NHL--experience of the German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group analyzed by a parametric model of carcinogenesis.
Diehl, V; Engert, A; Franklin, J; Hasenclever, D; Josting, A; Loeffler, M; Scholz, M, 2011)		0.37
" The whole kidney of an animal dosed with imatinib was measured at 35 μm spatial resolution."( Mass spectrometry imaging with high resolution in mass and space (HR(2) MSI) for reliable investigation of drug compound distributions on the cellular level.
Guenther, S; Römpp, A; Spengler, B; Takats, Z, 2011)		0.37
" We proposed a systematic classification scheme using FDA-approved drug labeling to assess the DILI potential of drugs, which yielded a benchmark dataset with 287 drugs representing a wide range of therapeutic categories and daily dosage amounts."( FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury.
Chen, M; Fang, H; Liu, Z; Shi, Q; Tong, W; Vijay, V, 2011)		0.37
" No significant dose-response relationship was found in terms of LRC."( Sequential or concomitant chemotherapy in limited stage small-cell lung cancer.
Anchisi, S; Bieri, S; Elhfidh, M; Khanfir, K; Matzinger, O; Mirimanoff, RO; Ozsahin, M; Zouhair, A, 2011)		0.37
" Once MTD was defined, we expanded this dosing cohort to include patients with high-risk lymphoma due to activity seen during dose escalation."( Phase I Study of Topotecan, Ifosfamide, and Etoposide (TIME) with autologous stem cell transplant in refractory cancer: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic correlates.
Dawson, JL; Field, TL; Fields, KK; Goldstein, SC; Kim, J; Lush, RM; Maddox, BL; Neuger, AM; Partyka, JS; Perkins, JB; Simonelli, CE; Sullivan, DM, 2011)		0.66
" It could therefore be used as an important platform for better prediction of drug dosing and schedule towards personalized medicine."( Towards personalized medicine with a three-dimensional micro-scale perfusion-based two-chamber tissue model system.
Barker, J; Foltz, G; Honkakoski, P; Küblbeck, J; Li, W; Lin, B; Ma, L; Zhang, J; Zhou, C, 2012)		0.38
"Patients aged 18 or older with histologically confirmed, locally advanced or metastatic STS were treated with 1 cycle of AI followed by AI with eltrombopag starting at Cycle 2, using 2 different dosing schedules."( Results of a phase I dose escalation study of eltrombopag in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma receiving doxorubicin and ifosfamide.
Chawla, SP; Hendifar, A; Kamel, YM; Messam, CA; Patwardhan, R; Staddon, A, 2013)		0.59
" Available data suggest a potential pre- and post-chemotherapy dosing scheme for eltrombopag when administered with AI chemotherapy, and support further investigation of eltrombopag treatment in patients with chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia."( Results of a phase I dose escalation study of eltrombopag in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma receiving doxorubicin and ifosfamide.
Chawla, SP; Hendifar, A; Kamel, YM; Messam, CA; Patwardhan, R; Staddon, A, 2013)		0.59
"No significant dose-response effect of adjuvant RT was demonstrated."( Patterns of local recurrence and dose fractionation of adjuvant radiation therapy in 462 patients with soft tissue sarcoma of extremity and trunk wall.
Bauer, HC; Bruland, OS; Eide, GE; Engellau, J; Engström, K; Jebsen, NL; Monge, OR; Muren, LP; Trovik, CS, 2013)		0.39
" However, the impact of dosage and dosage intensity (DI) of chemotherapeutic agents on patients with high-grade osteosarcoma is largely unknown."( Analysis of chemotherapy dosage and dosage intensity and survival outcomes of high-grade osteosarcoma patients younger than 40 years.
Li, B; Li, H; Li, Y; Sun, L; Ye, Z; Zhang, J, 2014)		0.4
" Sufficient data were presented to calculate the planned total dosage and DI for doxorubicin, cisplatin, ifosfamide, and methotrexate."( Analysis of chemotherapy dosage and dosage intensity and survival outcomes of high-grade osteosarcoma patients younger than 40 years.
Li, B; Li, H; Li, Y; Sun, L; Ye, Z; Zhang, J, 2014)		0.62
"We observed a correlation of higher planned methotrexate total dosage and DI with better treatment outcomes in osteosarcoma patients."( Analysis of chemotherapy dosage and dosage intensity and survival outcomes of high-grade osteosarcoma patients younger than 40 years.
Li, B; Li, H; Li, Y; Sun, L; Ye, Z; Zhang, J, 2014)		0.4
" It is therefore necessary to investigate ketamine locally and systematically with various dosing schedules in order to reduce the bladder damage secondary to oxazaphosphorine-alkylating agents and these results may widen the spectrum of ketamine."( Protective effect of ketamine against hemorrhagic cystitis in rats receiving ifosfamide.
Onag, A; Ozguven, AA; Taneli, F; Ulman, C; Vatansever, S; Yılmaz, O, )		0.36
"" The regimen included an intensification of ifosfamide dosing from 1,800 mg/m(2) /day × 5 days per cycle to 2,800 mg/m(2) /day × 5 days per cycle."( Ifosfamide dose-intensification for patients with metastatic Ewing sarcoma.
Chou, AJ; Goodbody, CM; Magnan, H; Pratilas, CA; Riedel, E; Wexler, LH, 2015)		2.12
"In our experience, continuous-infusion ifosfamide and doxorubicin combination therapy at this dosage and schedule was found to be well tolerated and moderate effective, which could be considered as salvage therapy for patients with recurrent or refractory osteosarcoma."( Continuous-infusion ifosfamide and doxorubicin combination as second-line chemotherapy for recurrent or refractory osteosarcoma patients in China: a retrospective study.
He, AN; Huang, YJ; Min, DL; Shen, Z; Sun, YJ; Yao, Y, 2015)		1.01
" The novel dosing strategy for cyclophosphamide described herein is readily translatable to standard clinical regimens, represents a potentially significant advance in addressing the drug delivery challenge, and may have broad applicability for nanomedicines."( Cyclophosphamide-Mediated Tumor Priming for Enhanced Delivery and Antitumor Activity of HER2-Targeted Liposomal Doxorubicin (MM-302).
De Souza, R; Dumont, N; Espelin, CW; Gaddy, DF; Geretti, E; Hendriks, BS; Jaffray, DA; Lee, H; Leonard, SC; Moyo, V; Nielsen, UB; Wickham, TJ; Zheng, J, 2015)		0.42
" Reluctance to use aggressive local control measures and suboptimal chemotherapy dosing are significant contributory factors."( Rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit in a four months old infant in Zimbabwe: A case report.
Chitsike, I; Kuona, P; Masanganise, R; Sibanda, D, )		0.13
" Patients with encephalopathy and patients without encephalopathy were compared on age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS), baseline serum creatinine (SCr) level, albumin level, white blood cell count, liver function, brain metastasis, and dosage of ifosfamide."( Risk factors of ifosfamide-related encephalopathy in adult patients with cancer: A retrospective analysis.
Chen, WH; Dong, YH; Lo, Y; Shen, LJ; Wu, FL, 2016)		0.96
" In contrast to previous studies, ifosfamide dosage and brain metastasis are not significant contributing factors."( Risk factors of ifosfamide-related encephalopathy in adult patients with cancer: A retrospective analysis.
Chen, WH; Dong, YH; Lo, Y; Shen, LJ; Wu, FL, 2016)		1.06
"The extrapolation of the Calvert formula has utility in calculating the CBDCA dosage for DeVIC ± R therapy, and therapeutic efficacy was increased by maintaining the AUC of CBDCA at ≥4."( Evaluation of a method for calculating carboplatin dosage in DeVIC ± R therapy (combination therapy of dexamethasone, etoposide, ifosfamide and carboplatin with or without rituximab) as a salvage therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin
Ando, M; Ando, Y; Emi, N; Hayashi, T; Inaguma, Y; Ito, K; Okamoto, A; Okamoto, M; Tomono, A; Tsuge, M; Yamada, S, 2016)		0.64
" The ifosfamide dosage was reduced to two-thirds of the original protocol."( Dose-Modified Ifosfamide, Epirubicin, and Etoposide is a Safe and Effective Salvage Therapy with High Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Mobilization Capacity for Poorly Mobilized Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patients.
Arima, N; Fukunaga, A; Hyuga, M; Iwasaki, M; Kishimoto, W; Maesako, Y; Nakae, Y, 2016)		1.31
" Increased hydration and dosage of mesna are administered to patients who develop IFO-induced HC; they also receive 24-h continuous infusion of mesna in subsequent treatment cycles."( A retrospective study of treatment and prophylaxis of ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in pediatric and adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with solid tumors.
Kumamoto, T; Makino, Y; Ogawa, C; Saito, Y; Tamai, I; Terakado, H, 2016)		0.68
"The incidence of IFO-induced HC may be associated with the dosage of IFO."( A retrospective study of treatment and prophylaxis of ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in pediatric and adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with solid tumors.
Kumamoto, T; Makino, Y; Ogawa, C; Saito, Y; Tamai, I; Terakado, H, 2016)		0.68
"5 mg/day dosage of olanzapine is sufficient to prevent from CINV in Japanese patients receiving continuous five-day chemotherapy."( Feasibility of olanzapine, multi acting receptor targeted antipsychotic agent, for the prevention of emesis caused by continuous cisplatin- or ifosfamide-based chemotherapy.
Akagi, T; Bun, S; Fujiwara, Y; Hayashi, Y; Makino, Y; Noguchi, E; Shimizu, C; Shimoi, T; Shimomura, A; Tamura, K; Yonemori, K; Yunokawa, M, 2018)		0.68
" However, there is still limited data on the adherence of physicians to dosing recommendations for these drugs in cancer patients with renal impairment."( Dose adjustment of cisplatin, etoposide, and ifosfamide according to kidney function: a retrospective analysis and implications for medication safety.
Beckmann, MW; Dörje, F; Fromm, MF; Grafe, C; Hein, A; Mackensen, A; Semrau, S, 2018)		0.74
" In this study, we adjusted the dosage of the triplet regimen and introduced carboplatin in cisplatin-intolerable patients."( Response to Combination Chemotherapy With Paclitaxel/Ifosfamide/Platinum Versus Paclitaxel/Platinum for Patients With Metastatic, Recurrent, or Persistent Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: A Retrospective Analysis.
Bae, DS; Choi, CH; Choi, HJ; Kim, BG; Kim, TJ; Lee, JW; Lee, YY; Paik, ES, 2018)		0.73
"Vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (VDC) alternating with ifosfamide and etoposide (IE) administered every 2 weeks demonstrated a superior event-free survival compared with 3-week dosing in a landmark pediatric trial and is now standard of care for younger patients."( Feasibility of Treating Adults with Ewing or Ewing-Like Sarcoma with Interval-Compressed Vincristine, Doxorubicin, and Cyclophosphamide Alternating with Ifosfamide and Etoposide.
Bassale, S; Davis, LE; Lim, JY; Lu, E; Ryan, CW, 2020)		0.99
"Etoposide dosing is based on body surface area."( Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacogenetic Study of Etoposide in High-Dose Protocol (TI-CE) for Advanced Germ Cell Tumors.
Bay, JO; Chatelut, E; Chevreau, C; Delmas, C; Delva, R; Filleron, T; Fléchon, A; Gravis, G; Gross-Goupil, M; Lafont, T; Lotz, JP; Marsili, S; Massart, C; Moeung, S; Thomas, F, 2020)		0.56
"The present study suggests that neither a priori dose individualization nor dose adaptation using TDM is required validating body surface area dosing of etoposide in the TI-CE protocol."( Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacogenetic Study of Etoposide in High-Dose Protocol (TI-CE) for Advanced Germ Cell Tumors.
Bay, JO; Chatelut, E; Chevreau, C; Delmas, C; Delva, R; Filleron, T; Fléchon, A; Gravis, G; Gross-Goupil, M; Lafont, T; Lotz, JP; Marsili, S; Massart, C; Moeung, S; Thomas, F, 2020)		0.56
" Dosing was modified for elderly patients."( Ofatumumab with iphosphamide, etoposide and cytarabine for patients with transplantation-ineligible relapsed and refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Borawska, A; Chełstowska, M; Dąbrowska-Iwanicka, A; Domańska-Czyż, K; Druzd-Sitek, A; Giebel, S; Knopińska-Posłuszny, W; Konecki, R; Kumiega, B; Lange, A; Malenda, A; Michalski, W; Mordak-Domagała, M; Najda, J; Osowiecki, M; Ostrowska, B; Paszkiewicz-Kozik, E; Pluta, A; Popławska, L; Romejko-Jarosińska, J; Rymkiewicz, G; Świerkowska, M; Szpila, T; Szymański, M; Targoński, Ł; Taszner, M; Walewski, J; Zaucha, JM, 2022)		0.72
"this study suggests that chemotherapy drug and its cumulative dosage has the most influence on kidney and urinary tract related complications."( Chemotherapy induced kidney and urinary tract related complications: A study in the Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology.
Kiaunytė, S; Kiudelienė, R; Maškė, R; Rutkauskienė, G, 2022)		0.72
" Concerns about excessive toxicity-as many are infants and/or undergo nephrectomy-have resulted in decreased chemotherapy dosing and omission of the nephrotoxic drug ifosfamide in collaborative group studies."( Tolerability of ifosfamide-containing regimen in patients with high-risk renal and INI-1-deficient tumors.
Benedetti, DJ; Kao, PC; Ma, C; Marcus, KJ; Mullen, EA; Wong, CI, 2023)		1.45
" Changes in the ratio of lappaconitine to its metabolites in rat urine with time after dosing led to a proposal for one of the probable metabolic pathways of lappaconitine in the rat."( Separation and characterization of the metabolic products of lappaconitine in rat urine by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Chang, JP; Hsieh, YY; Jiang, JR; Li, JH; Shu, HL; Wang, HC; Xie, FM, 1990)		0.28
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (5)

RoleDescription
antineoplastic agentA substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
immunosuppressive agentAn agent that suppresses immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-cells or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. In addition, an immunosuppressive agent is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to diminish the extent and/or voracity of an immune response.
alkylating agentHighly reactive chemical that introduces alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevents their proper functioning. It could be used as an antineoplastic agent, but it might be very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. It could also be used as a component of poison gases.
environmental contaminantAny minor or unwanted substance introduced into the environment that can have undesired effects.
xenobioticA xenobiotic (Greek, xenos "foreign"; bios "life") is a compound that is foreign to a living organism. Principal xenobiotics include: drugs, carcinogens and various compounds that have been introduced into the environment by artificial means.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
ifosfamidesCompounds containing an ifosfamide skeleton.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (2)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Ifosfamide Action Pathway821
Ifosfamide Metabolism Pathway821

Protein Targets (16)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, Beta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12Potency11.22020.044717.8581100.0000AID485294
GALC proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.707928.183828.183828.1838AID1159614
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency27.27830.000714.592883.7951AID1259369
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.72370.000221.22318,912.5098AID1259247; AID1259381
EWS/FLI fusion proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.83190.001310.157742.8575AID1259252; AID1259253; AID1259255; AID1259256
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency30.86160.000817.505159.3239AID1159527
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency54.42730.005428.02631,258.9301AID1346982
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency46.56600.000229.305416,493.5996AID743069; AID743075; AID743079
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency79.43280.006026.168889.1251AID540317
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency61.13060.000323.4451159.6830AID743066
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.05620.891312.067628.1838AID1487
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00000.63154.45319.3000AID1473740
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00000.20005.677410.0000AID1473741
Bile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00000.11007.190310.0000AID1473738
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki8,973.00009.00009.00009.0000AID1801808
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00002.41006.343310.0000AID1473739
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (49)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
xenobiotic metabolic processATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin secretionMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cilium assemblyMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
platelet degranulationMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
urate transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid biosynthetic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stressBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compoundBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
protein ubiquitinationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid signaling pathwayBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to estrogenBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cellBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
lipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bile acid secretionBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of plasma lipoprotein oxidationSerum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic processSerum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substanceSerum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cholesterol effluxSerum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylic acid catabolic processSerum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
organophosphate catabolic processSerum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylcholine metabolic processSerum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
lactone catabolic processSerum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
heme catabolic processCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cellCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrierCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (30)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
ATP bindingATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
urate transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
aryldialkylphosphatase activitySerum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
arylesterase activitySerum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion bindingSerum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid bindingSerum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activitySerum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
acyl-L-homoserine-lactone lactonohydrolase activitySerum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (23)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
platelet dense granule membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionSerum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceSerum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneSerum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeSerum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
blood microparticleSerum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
high-density lipoprotein particleSerum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
spherical high-density lipoprotein particleSerum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceSerum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculusCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (211)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID504749qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation2011Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043
Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1347114qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347129qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347109qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347121qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347125qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347099qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347127qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347424RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347124qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347111qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347119qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347126qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347115qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347093qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347123qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347116qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347118qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347122qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347128qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347110qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for A673 cells)2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347113qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347117qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347105qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347112qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347411qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1132157Antileukemic activity against mouse L1210 cells allografted in BDF1 mouse assessed as increase in life span at 70 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs relative to control1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 21, Issue:2
Synthesis and antitumor activity of preactivated isophosphamide analogues bearing modified alkylating functionalities.
AID1132161Antileukemic activity against mouse L1210 cells allografted in iv dosed BDF1 mouse assessed as survival over 60 days administered 24 hrs1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 21, Issue:2
Synthesis and antitumor activity of preactivated isophosphamide analogues bearing modified alkylating functionalities.
AID444053Renal clearance in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1132160Antileukemic activity against mouse L1210 cells allografted in BDF1 mouse assessed as increase in life span at 530 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs relative to control1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 21, Issue:2
Synthesis and antitumor activity of preactivated isophosphamide analogues bearing modified alkylating functionalities.
AID120481Number of survivors on the toxicity day (day = 15) at a dose of 100x1 mg/kg1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 29, Issue:5
Synthesis and antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide analogues. 4. Preparation, kinetic studies, and anticancer screening of "phenylketophosphamide" and similar compounds related to the cyclophosphamide metabolite aldophosphamide.
AID425652Total body clearance in human2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15
Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID1474167Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring verified drug-induced liver injury concern status2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID477295Octanol-water partition coefficient, log P of the compound2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 45, Issue:4
QSPR modeling of octanol/water partition coefficient of antineoplastic agents by balance of correlations.
AID588213Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1132146Antileukemic activity against mouse L1210 cells allografted in BDF1 mouse assessed as mean survival time at 70 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs (Rvb 4.6 +/- 0.16 days)1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 21, Issue:2
Synthesis and antitumor activity of preactivated isophosphamide analogues bearing modified alkylating functionalities.
AID588215FDA HLAED, alkaline phosphatase increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID588219FDA HLAED, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID588216FDA HLAED, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1473740Inhibition of human MRP3 overexpressed in Sf9 insect cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 10 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID7617Portion of holoxan excreted in the form of the metabolite from 1300 mL of urine on day 8 was determined in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma patients treated with ifosfamide1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Stereospecific synthesis of chiral metabolites of ifosfamide and their determination in the urine.
AID1132163Antileukemic activity against mouse L1210 cells allografted in po dosed BDF1 mouse assessed as survival over 60 days administered 24 hrs1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 21, Issue:2
Synthesis and antitumor activity of preactivated isophosphamide analogues bearing modified alkylating functionalities.
AID1079933Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID588217FDA HLAED, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID540212Mean residence time in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID130318Percentage increase in life span of L1210 leukemia implanted mice at a dose of 600 mg/kg1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1
Synthesis and antitumor activity of analogues of ifosfamide modified in the N-(2-chloroethyl) group.
AID1132169Ratio of Cmax to Cmin for antileukemic activity against mouse L1210 cells allografted in po dosed BDF1 mouse assessed as survival over 60 days1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 21, Issue:2
Synthesis and antitumor activity of preactivated isophosphamide analogues bearing modified alkylating functionalities.
AID1079938Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID588218FDA HLAED, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID135972Number of mice that survived on day 60 at a dose of 600 mg/kg; 9/181988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1
Synthesis and antitumor activity of analogues of ifosfamide modified in the N-(2-chloroethyl) group.
AID1079940Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID588209Literature-mined public compounds from Greene et al multi-species hepatotoxicity modelling dataset2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jul-19, Volume: 23, Issue:7
Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity.
AID588214FDA HLAED, liver enzyme composite activity2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID135962Number of mice that survived on day 60 at a dose of 300 mg/kg; 17/301988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1
Synthesis and antitumor activity of analogues of ifosfamide modified in the N-(2-chloroethyl) group.
AID1079946Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID7776Percent ratio of the enantiomeric form (-)S extracted from the urine of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma patients was determined1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Stereospecific synthesis of chiral metabolites of ifosfamide and their determination in the urine.
AID130314Percentage increase in life span of L1210 leukemia implanted mice at a dose of 300 mg/kg1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1
Synthesis and antitumor activity of analogues of ifosfamide modified in the N-(2-chloroethyl) group.
AID7616Portion of holoxan excreted in the form of the metabolite from 1300 mL of urine on day 6 was determined in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma patients treated with ifosfamide1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Stereospecific synthesis of chiral metabolites of ifosfamide and their determination in the urine.
AID1473738Inhibition of human BSEP overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-taurocholate in presence of ATP measured after 15 to 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID115147Maximum tolerated dose against L1210 leukemia in mice2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-11, Volume: 12, Issue:3
Studies on the side-chain hydroxylation of ifosfamide and its bromo analogue.
AID540209Volume of distribution at steady state in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID130307Percentage increase in life span of L1210 leukemia implanted mice at a dose of 120 mg/kg1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1
Synthesis and antitumor activity of analogues of ifosfamide modified in the N-(2-chloroethyl) group.
AID7772Portion of holoxan excreted in the form of the metabolite from 1700 mL of urine on day 5 was determined in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma patients treated with ifosfamide1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Stereospecific synthesis of chiral metabolites of ifosfamide and their determination in the urine.
AID1079936Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID130311Percentage increase in life span of L1210 leukemia implanted mice at a dose of 200 mg/kg1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1
Synthesis and antitumor activity of analogues of ifosfamide modified in the N-(2-chloroethyl) group.
AID625284Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625282Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079937Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID1197742Stimulation of human OATP1B1-mediated [3H]estrone 3-sulfate at 100 uM after 5 mins relative to control2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 92Interaction of human organic anion transporter polypeptides 1B1 and 1B3 with antineoplastic compounds.
AID7773Portion of holoxan excreted in the form of the metabolite from 2310 mL of urine on day 4 was determined in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma patients treated with ifosfamide1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Stereospecific synthesis of chiral metabolites of ifosfamide and their determination in the urine.
AID227699Virtual screen for compounds with anticonvulsant activity2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 13, Issue:16
Topological virtual screening: a way to find new anticonvulsant drugs from chemical diversity.
AID625277FDA Liver Toxicity Knowledge Base Benchmark Dataset (LTKB-BD) drugs of less concern for DILI2011Drug discovery today, Aug, Volume: 16, Issue:15-16
FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury.
AID444058Volume of distribution at steady state in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID444055Fraction absorbed in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID444051Total clearance in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID588212Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID444052Hepatic clearance in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID540211Fraction unbound in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1473741Inhibition of human MRP4 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID7615Portion of holoxan excreted in the form of the metabolite from 1200 mL of urine on day 7 was determined in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma patients treated with ifosfamide1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Stereospecific synthesis of chiral metabolites of ifosfamide and their determination in the urine.
AID112166Effective dose that produce antitumor activity against L1210 leukemia in mice2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-11, Volume: 12, Issue:3
Studies on the side-chain hydroxylation of ifosfamide and its bromo analogue.
AID7777Percent ratio of the enantiomeric form (-)S extracted from the urine of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma patients was determined1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Stereospecific synthesis of chiral metabolites of ifosfamide and their determination in the urine.
AID134723Lethal dose to kill 50% of the mice after single ip injection to healthy female CD2F1 mice1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1
Synthesis and antitumor activity of analogues of ifosfamide modified in the N-(2-chloroethyl) group.
AID1079944Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID135951Number of mice that survived on day 60 at a dose of 180 mg/kg; 6/211988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1
Synthesis and antitumor activity of analogues of ifosfamide modified in the N-(2-chloroethyl) group.
AID1079949Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID625290Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1132149Antileukemic activity against mouse L1210 cells allografted in BDF1 mouse assessed as mean survival time at 530 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs (Rvb 4.6 +/- 0.16 days)1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 21, Issue:2
Synthesis and antitumor activity of preactivated isophosphamide analogues bearing modified alkylating functionalities.
AID625289Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID7770Portion of holoxan excreted in the form of the metabolite from 1500 mL of urine on day 9 was determined in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma patients treated with ifosfamide1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Stereospecific synthesis of chiral metabolites of ifosfamide and their determination in the urine.
AID1079941Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID1132164Antileukemic activity against mouse L1210 cells allografted in iv dosed BDF1 mouse assessed as maximum tolerated dose for survival over 60 days administered 24 hrs1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 21, Issue:2
Synthesis and antitumor activity of preactivated isophosphamide analogues bearing modified alkylating functionalities.
AID625291Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625281Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID116289Increased life span against L1210 lymphoid leukemia cells in male BDF1 mice at a dose of 100 mg/kg1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 29, Issue:5
Synthesis and antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide analogues. 4. Preparation, kinetic studies, and anticancer screening of "phenylketophosphamide" and similar compounds related to the cyclophosphamide metabolite aldophosphamide.
AID625288Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID97384In vitro antitumor activity against murine leukemic L1210 cells; No activity1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 42, Issue:14
Chemical stability and fate of the cytostatic drug ifosfamide and its N-dechloroethylated metabolites in acidic aqueous solutions.
AID588211Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1636356Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP2C9-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 300 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of NA2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID7971Quantity of the metabolite found in the urine of the embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma patients treated with ifosfamide from 1600 mL of urine tested on day 101983Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Stereospecific synthesis of chiral metabolites of ifosfamide and their determination in the urine.
AID7969Quantity of the metabolite found in the urine of the embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma patients treated with ifosfamide from 1300 mL of urine tested on day 81983Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Stereospecific synthesis of chiral metabolites of ifosfamide and their determination in the urine.
AID184802acute toxicity against rat after iv administration1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 42, Issue:14
Chemical stability and fate of the cytostatic drug ifosfamide and its N-dechloroethylated metabolites in acidic aqueous solutions.
AID588210Human drug-induced liver injury (DILI) modelling dataset from Ekins et al2010Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 38, Issue:12
A predictive ligand-based Bayesian model for human drug-induced liver injury.
AID130309Percentage increase in life span of L1210 leukemia implanted mice at a dose of 150 mg/kg1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1
Synthesis and antitumor activity of analogues of ifosfamide modified in the N-(2-chloroethyl) group.
AID134770acute toxicity against mouse after ip administration1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 42, Issue:14
Chemical stability and fate of the cytostatic drug ifosfamide and its N-dechloroethylated metabolites in acidic aqueous solutions.
AID540210Clearance in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID120471Number of survivors on day 60 at a dose of 200 mg/kg; 0/71986Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 29, Issue:5
Synthesis and antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide analogues. 4. Preparation, kinetic studies, and anticancer screening of "phenylketophosphamide" and similar compounds related to the cyclophosphamide metabolite aldophosphamide.
AID1079948Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID1079939Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID7967Quantity of the metabolite found in the urine of the embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma patients treated with ifosfamide from 1200 mL of urine tested on day 71983Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Stereospecific synthesis of chiral metabolites of ifosfamide and their determination in the urine.
AID130310Percentage increase in life span of L1210 leukemia implanted mice at a dose of 180 mg/kg1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1
Synthesis and antitumor activity of analogues of ifosfamide modified in the N-(2-chloroethyl) group.
AID444050Fraction unbound in human plasma2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID116293Increased life span against L1210 lymphoid leukemia cells in male BDF1 mice at a dose of 200 mg/kg1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 29, Issue:5
Synthesis and antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide analogues. 4. Preparation, kinetic studies, and anticancer screening of "phenylketophosphamide" and similar compounds related to the cyclophosphamide metabolite aldophosphamide.
AID1079935Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID135970Number of mice that survived on day 60 at a dose of 500 mg/kg; 18/301988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1
Synthesis and antitumor activity of analogues of ifosfamide modified in the N-(2-chloroethyl) group.
AID7968Quantity of the metabolite found in the urine of the embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma patients treated with ifosfamide from 1300 mL of urine tested on day 61983Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Stereospecific synthesis of chiral metabolites of ifosfamide and their determination in the urine.
AID1636440Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP2D6-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 300 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of NA2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID1132159Antileukemic activity against mouse L1210 cells allografted in BDF1 mouse assessed as increase in life span at 330 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs relative to control1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 21, Issue:2
Synthesis and antitumor activity of preactivated isophosphamide analogues bearing modified alkylating functionalities.
AID235229Therapeutic index represented as LD50/ED50 was determined2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-11, Volume: 12, Issue:3
Studies on the side-chain hydroxylation of ifosfamide and its bromo analogue.
AID1473739Inhibition of human MRP2 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID120469Number of survivors on day 60 at a dose of 100 mg/kg; 0/71986Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 29, Issue:5
Synthesis and antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide analogues. 4. Preparation, kinetic studies, and anticancer screening of "phenylketophosphamide" and similar compounds related to the cyclophosphamide metabolite aldophosphamide.
AID7821Quantity of the metabolite found in the urine of the embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma patients treated with ifosfamide from 1200 mL of urine tested on day 31983Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Stereospecific synthesis of chiral metabolites of ifosfamide and their determination in the urine.
AID1079942Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID120477Number of survivors on day 60 at a dose of 400 mg/kg; 7/71986Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 29, Issue:5
Synthesis and antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide analogues. 4. Preparation, kinetic studies, and anticancer screening of "phenylketophosphamide" and similar compounds related to the cyclophosphamide metabolite aldophosphamide.
AID625286Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625285Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID135955Number of mice that survived on day 60 at a dose of 200 mg/kg; 16/381988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1
Synthesis and antitumor activity of analogues of ifosfamide modified in the N-(2-chloroethyl) group.
AID211869Dose required to induce cytotoxicity against L1210 leukemia in mice2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-11, Volume: 12, Issue:3
Studies on the side-chain hydroxylation of ifosfamide and its bromo analogue.
AID1636357Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 300 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of NA2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID625287Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1474166Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring severity class index2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID625280Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625283Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID444054Oral bioavailability in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1079934Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID135942Number of mice that survived on day 60 at a dose of 120 mg/kg; 0/241988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1
Synthesis and antitumor activity of analogues of ifosfamide modified in the N-(2-chloroethyl) group.
AID1132166Antileukemic activity against mouse L1210 cells allografted in po dosed BDF1 mouse assessed as maximum tolerated dose for survival over 60 days administered 24 hrs1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 21, Issue:2
Synthesis and antitumor activity of preactivated isophosphamide analogues bearing modified alkylating functionalities.
AID120479Number of survivors on day 60 at a dose of 50 mg/kg; 0/71986Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 29, Issue:5
Synthesis and antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide analogues. 4. Preparation, kinetic studies, and anticancer screening of "phenylketophosphamide" and similar compounds related to the cyclophosphamide metabolite aldophosphamide.
AID130316Percentage increase in life span of L1210 leukemia implanted mice at a dose of 500 mg/kg1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1
Synthesis and antitumor activity of analogues of ifosfamide modified in the N-(2-chloroethyl) group.
AID7614Portion of holoxan excreted in the form of the metabolite from 1200 mL of urine on day 3 was determined in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma patients treated with ifosfamide1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Stereospecific synthesis of chiral metabolites of ifosfamide and their determination in the urine.
AID135966Number of mice that survived on day 60 at a dose of 400 mg/kg; 18/301988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1
Synthesis and antitumor activity of analogues of ifosfamide modified in the N-(2-chloroethyl) group.
AID7774Percent ratio of the enantiomeric form (+)R extracted from the urine of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma patients was determined1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Stereospecific synthesis of chiral metabolites of ifosfamide and their determination in the urine.
AID1132167Ratio of Cmax to Cmin for antileukemic activity against mouse L1210 cells allografted in iv dosed BDF1 mouse assessed as survival over 60 days1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 21, Issue:2
Synthesis and antitumor activity of preactivated isophosphamide analogues bearing modified alkylating functionalities.
AID1079931Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID444057Fraction escaping hepatic elimination in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID135948Number of mice that survived on day 60 at a dose of 150 mg/kg; 4/441988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1
Synthesis and antitumor activity of analogues of ifosfamide modified in the N-(2-chloroethyl) group.
AID425653Renal clearance in human2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15
Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID1132148Antileukemic activity against mouse L1210 cells allografted in BDF1 mouse assessed as mean survival time at 330 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs (Rvb 4.6 +/- 0.16 days)1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 21, Issue:2
Synthesis and antitumor activity of preactivated isophosphamide analogues bearing modified alkylating functionalities.
AID116297Increased life span against L1210 lymphoid leukemia cells in male BDF1 mice at a dose of 400 mg/kg1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 29, Issue:5
Synthesis and antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide analogues. 4. Preparation, kinetic studies, and anticancer screening of "phenylketophosphamide" and similar compounds related to the cyclophosphamide metabolite aldophosphamide.
AID1079947Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID7771Portion of holoxan excreted in the form of the metabolite from 1600 mL of urine on day 10 was determined in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma patients treated with ifosfamide1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Stereospecific synthesis of chiral metabolites of ifosfamide and their determination in the urine.
AID444056Fraction escaping gut-wall elimination in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID152509In vivo antitumor activity against murine P388 leukemia; Effective1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 42, Issue:14
Chemical stability and fate of the cytostatic drug ifosfamide and its N-dechloroethylated metabolites in acidic aqueous solutions.
AID7973Quantity of the metabolite found in the urine of the embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma patients treated with ifosfamide from 2310 mL of urine tested on day 41983Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Stereospecific synthesis of chiral metabolites of ifosfamide and their determination in the urine.
AID7775Percent ratio of the enantiomeric form (+)R extracted from the urine of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma patients was determined1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Stereospecific synthesis of chiral metabolites of ifosfamide and their determination in the urine.
AID7970Quantity of the metabolite found in the urine of the embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma patients treated with ifosfamide from 1500 mL of urine tested on day 91983Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Stereospecific synthesis of chiral metabolites of ifosfamide and their determination in the urine.
AID7972Quantity of the metabolite found in the urine of the embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma patients treated with ifosfamide from 1700 mL of urine tested on day 51983Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Stereospecific synthesis of chiral metabolites of ifosfamide and their determination in the urine.
AID540213Half life in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID130315Percentage increase in life span of L1210 leukemia implanted mice at a dose of 400 mg/kg1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1
Synthesis and antitumor activity of analogues of ifosfamide modified in the N-(2-chloroethyl) group.
AID1132147Antileukemic activity against mouse L1210 cells allografted in BDF1 mouse assessed as mean survival time at 130 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs (Rvb 4.6 +/- 0.16 days)1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 21, Issue:2
Synthesis and antitumor activity of preactivated isophosphamide analogues bearing modified alkylating functionalities.
AID625292Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625279Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079932Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID1132158Antileukemic activity against mouse L1210 cells allografted in BDF1 mouse assessed as increase in life span at 130 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs relative to control1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 21, Issue:2
Synthesis and antitumor activity of preactivated isophosphamide analogues bearing modified alkylating functionalities.
AID132249Effective dose that causes 50% increase in life span of mice1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1
Synthesis and antitumor activity of analogues of ifosfamide modified in the N-(2-chloroethyl) group.
AID1079945Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID1079943Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID588519A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities2011Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3
High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID540299A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21
Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID1801808Paraoxonase Activity Assay from Article 10.1111/cbdd.12746: \\Some Anticancer Agents Act on Human Serum Paraoxonase-1 to Reduce Its Activity.\\2016Chemical biology & drug design, Aug, Volume: 88, Issue:2
Some Anticancer Agents Act on Human Serum Paraoxonase-1 to Reduce Its Activity.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (4,767)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-1990567 (11.89)18.7374
1990's1548 (32.47)18.2507
2000's1374 (28.82)29.6817
2010's1012 (21.23)24.3611
2020's266 (5.58)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 61.82

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index61.82 (24.57)
Research Supply Index8.78 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.77 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index109.66 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (61.82)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1,430 (28.34%)5.53%
Trials4 (5.13%)5.53%
Reviews561 (11.12%)6.00%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies947 (18.77%)4.05%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational19 (0.38%)0.25%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other2,088 (41.39%)84.16%
Other74 (94.87%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (384)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Phase III Study for the Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Newly Diagnosed Low Risk Hodgkin Disease [NCT00302003]Phase 3287 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-02-28Completed
PHASE I/II TRIAL OF SEQUENTIAL TAXOL/IFOSFAMIDE AND DOSEINTENSIVE CARBOPLATIN/ETOPOSIDE WITH STEM CELL SUPPORT IN CISPLATIN-RESISTANT GERM CELL TUMOR PATIENTS WITH UNFAVORABLE PROGNOSTIC FEATURES [NCT00002558]Phase 1/Phase 2108 participants (Actual)Interventional1994-01-31Completed
A Phase I/II Pilot Study of Ifosfamide, Carboplatin and Etoposide Therapy (ICE) and SGN-30 (NSC# 731636, IND#) in Children With CD30+ Recurrent Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma [NCT00354107]Phase 1/Phase 25 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-01-31Terminated
A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Phase 3 Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Aldoxorubicin Compared to Investigator's Choice in Subjects With Metastatic, Locally Advanced, or Unresectable Soft Tissue Sarcomas Who Either Relapsed or Were R [NCT02049905]Phase 3433 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-01-31Completed
A Pilot Study of Pre-Operative Treatment of Newly-Diagnosed, Surgically-Resectable Osteosarcoma With Doxorubicin, Ifosfamide, Etoposide, and Cisplatin With Early Metabolic Assessment of Response [NCT01258634]Phase 12 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-07-31Terminated(stopped due to PI no longer affiliated with institution; only 2 subjects enrolled)
Tandem High-Dose Chemotherapy (HDCT) With Peripheral-Blood Stem-Cell Rescue for Patients With Metastatic Germ-Cell Tumors Failing First-Line Treatment [NCT01172912]Phase 247 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-10-31Recruiting
A Phase 1b Study of Olaratumab, Doxorubicin and Ifosfamide in the Treatment of Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma [NCT03283696]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-10-18Completed
A Pilot Study of G-CSF to Disrupt the Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Relapsed or Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia [NCT01331590]Early Phase 113 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-07-31Completed
Anlotinib Hydrochloride Combined With Epirubicin and Ifosfamide for Locally Recurrent or Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patients: a One-arm, Multi-center, Prospective Clinical Trial [NCT03815474]Phase 247 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-05-20Recruiting
Phase II Study of Neoadyuvant High-dose Ifosfamide and Concurrent Radiotherapy in Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Identification of Response Predictors [NCT01102608]Phase 232 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-03-31Completed
A Phase 2, Open-Label Study of Acalabrutinib in Combination With R-ICE For Relapsed or Refractory Non-Germinal Center Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma, Transformed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Leukemia or Transformed Marginal Zone Lymphoma [NCT04189952]Phase 22 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-09-22Terminated(stopped due to Investigator Decision)
Trial of Chemotherapy Intensification Through Compression in Ewing's Sarcoma and Related Tumors [NCT00006734]Phase 3587 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-05-31Completed
Tandem High-Dose Chemotherapy With Autologous Stem Cell Rescue for Poor-Prognosis Germ Cell Cancer [NCT00002931]Phase 248 participants (Actual)Interventional1997-02-28Completed
A Phase III Multicenter, International, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study of Doxorubicin Plus Palifosfamide-tris vs. Doxorubicin Plus Placebo in Patients With Front-line Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma. [NCT01168791]Phase 3447 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-07-31Completed
Risk-Adapted Focal Proton Beam Radiation and/or Surgery in Patients With Low, Intermediate and High Risk Rhabdomyosarcoma Receiving Standard or Intensified Chemotherapy [NCT01871766]Phase 298 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-12-04Active, not recruiting
A Phase I Multicenter, Open-label Study of the Effect on QTc, Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Preliminary Efficacy of Single-agent Palifosfamide-tris in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors [NCT01340547]Phase 124 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-06-30Active, not recruiting
Apatinib+Ifosfamide and Etoposide (IE) Versus IE Alone for Relapsed or Refractory Osteosarcoma: a Real-world Study in Two Centers in China [NCT04690231]79 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-12-01Completed
A Phase I/II Trial of Neoadjuvant ADI-PEG 20 in Combination With Ifosfamide and Radiotherapy in Soft Tissue Sarcoma (STS) [NCT05813327]Phase 1/Phase 235 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-01-31Not yet recruiting
Safety and Efficacy of Combination Chemotherapy With Pazopanib in Children and Adolescents With Relapsed/Refractory Solid Tumors [NCT03628131]Phase 1/Phase 246 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-10-31Not yet recruiting
Localized High-Risk Soft Tissue Sarcomas Of The Extremities And Trunk Wall In Adults: An Integrating Approach Comprising Standard Vs Histotype-Tailored Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy [NCT01710176]Phase 3550 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-06-01Active, not recruiting
A Randomized Phase IIb Placebo-controlled Study of R-ICE Chemotherapy With and Without SGN-40 (Anti-CD40 Humanized Monoclonal Antibody) for Second-line Treatment of Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) [NCT00529503]Phase 2151 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-09-30Terminated
A Phase II Multicenter, Parallel Group, Randomized Study of Palifosfamide Tris Plus Doxorubicin Versus Doxorubicin in Subjects With Unresectable or Metastatic Soft-tissue Sarcoma [NCT00718484]Phase 267 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-08-31Active, not recruiting
Randomized Phase II Study to Compare Efficacy of CHOP Versus Fractionated ICED in Transplant-eligible Patients With Previously Untreated Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma [NCT02445404]Phase 2134 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-09-23Recruiting
A Phase Ib/II Study of Pembrolizumab With Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Lymphoma (PembroHeme) [NCT02408042]Phase 1/Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-04-30Withdrawn
Combination Chemotherapy Using Cisplatin, Gemcitabine, Ifosfamide, Etoposide, L-asparaginase and Dexamethasone (SIMPLE) for Newly Diagnosed and Relapsed/Refractory NK/T Cell Malignancies [NCT03623087]Phase 368 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-07-01Recruiting
Phase I-II Trial of Sunitinib and/or Nivolumab Plus Chemotherapy in Advanced Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcomas [NCT03277924]Phase 1/Phase 2270 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-05-31Recruiting
Phase I/II Study of Mesna, Ifosfamide, Teniposide and Weekly Taxol (MITTen) in Relapsed Lymphoma [NCT00004916]Phase 1/Phase 20 participants Interventional1999-02-28Completed
Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation Protocol for Patients With Previously Treated Advanced Breast Cancer - A Phase II Pilot Study [NCT00004172]Phase 20 participants Interventional1999-10-31Completed
Famitinib Malate (SHR1020) Plus Camrelizumab (SHR 1210) Versus Famitinib Malate Alone Versus Famitinib Malate Plus Ifosfamide Locally Advanced, Unresectable or Metastatic Osteosarcoma Progression Upon Chemotherapy: A Phase Ib/II Randomized and Controlled [NCT04044378]Phase 1/Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-08-15Withdrawn(stopped due to toxicity)
Multidisciplinary Approach for Poor Prognosis Sinonasal Tumors: Phase II Study of Chemotherapy, Photon and Heavy Ion Radiotherapy Integration for More Effective and Less Toxic Treatment in Inoperable Patients [NCT02099188]Phase 227 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-11-30Active, not recruiting
Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant for Germ Cell Tumors [NCT00432094]Phase 223 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-12-19Completed
Phase I/II Feasibility Study of Brentuximab Vedotin in Refractory / Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients Who Are Treated by Chemotherapy (ICE) in Second Line and Eligible for Autologous Transplantation [NCT02686346]Phase 1/Phase 253 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-03-31Completed
High-Dose Doxorubicin and Ifosfamide Followed by Melphalan and Cisplatin for Patients With High-Risk and Recurrent Sarcoma [NCT00002601]Phase 213 participants (Actual)Interventional1994-09-30Completed
A Risk-Adapted Strategy of the Use of Dose-Dense Chemotherapy in Patients With Poor-Prognosis Disseminated Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumors [NCT00104676]Phase 3263 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-11-26Active, not recruiting
Chemotherapy Plus Ofatumumab Followed by G-CSF for Mobilization of Peripheral Blood Stem Cells in Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas [NCT01329900]Phase 250 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-08-22Completed
International Collaborative Treatment Protocol for Children and Adolescents With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia - AIEOP-BFM ALL 2017 [NCT03643276]Phase 35,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-07-15Recruiting
A Randomized Phase 2 Trial of Brentuximab Vedotin (SGN35, NSC# 749710), or Crizotinib (NSC#749005, Commercially Labeled) in Combination With Chemotherapy for Newly Diagnosed Patients With Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL) [NCT01979536]Phase 2137 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-11-13Active, not recruiting
Phase 1b Trial Evaluating Idelalisib in Children and Adolescents With Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma or Mediastinal B-cell Lymphoma in Combination With RICE [NCT03349346]Phase 10 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-06-30Withdrawn(stopped due to The European Medical Agency granted a Paediatric Investigational Product-specific waiver on the grounds that idelalisib is likely to be unsafe in paediatrics)
A Pilot Phase II Study for Children With Infantile Fibrosarcoma [NCT00072280]Phase 27 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-11-30Terminated(stopped due to Due to poor accrual)
Multi-center, Phase I Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Multi-antigen Autologous Immune Cell Injection (MASCT-I) in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumor, and to Preliminarily Evaluate the Anti-tumor Efficacy of MASCT-I Alone, in Comb [NCT03034304]Phase 1193 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-01-31Recruiting
High-Dose Chemo-Radiotherapy for Patients With Primary Refractory and Relapsed Hodgkin's Disease [NCT00003631]Phase 2118 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-08-31Completed
A Phase III Randomized Trial Investigating Bortezomib (NSC# 681239) on a Modified Augmented BFM (ABFM) Backbone in Newly Diagnosed T-Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) and T-Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (T-LLy) [NCT02112916]Phase 3847 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-10-04Active, not recruiting
A Phase 1b/2, Open-Label Trial to Assess the Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of Epcoritamab (GEN3013; DuoBody®-CD3xCD20) in Combination With Other Agents in Subjects With B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (B-NHL) [NCT04663347]Phase 1/Phase 2662 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-11-03Recruiting
Prospective Phase II Study Evaluating a Multimodal Care of Inguinal Node Metastasis in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis by Bilateral Lymphadenectomy and Chemotherapy TIP [NCT02817958]Phase 237 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-10-17Recruiting
A Phase 2 Trial of Chemotherapy Followed by Response-Based Whole Ventricular &Amp; Spinal Canal Irradiation (WVSCI) for Patients With Localized Non-Germinomatous Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumor [NCT04684368]Phase 2160 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-07-13Recruiting
Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Anaplastic Wilms Tumors (DAWT) and Relapsed Favorable Histology Wilms Tumors (FHWT) [NCT04322318]Phase 2221 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-10-19Recruiting
Pazopanib Neoadjuvant Trial in Non-Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcomas (PAZNTIS): A Phase II/III Randomized Trial of Preoperative Chemoradiation or Preoperative Radiation Plus or Minus Pazopanib (NSC# 737754) [NCT02180867]Phase 2/Phase 3140 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-07-11Active, not recruiting
PEI REGIMEN: A THERAPEUTIC OPTION IN SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER? A MONOINSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE OF 46 CONSECUTIVE CASES [NCT02324296]46 participants (Actual)Observational1998-12-31Completed
Combined Systemic and Intrathecal Chemotherapy Followed by High-dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for CNS Relapse of Aggressive Lymphomas [NCT01148173]Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-10-31Recruiting
An Open-Label, Pilot Study To Investigate Feasibility and Safety Of Using Bortezomib, Rituximab, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide As Salvage Regime In Previously Treated Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [NCT01226849]Phase 16 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-11-30Completed
Young Adult Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (ALL): Intensification of Pediatric AIEOP LLA-2000 Treatment [NCT01156883]76 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-04-30Completed
Presurgical Chemotherapy Compared With Immediate Surgery and Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Nonmetastatic Osteosarcoma of the Pelvis and Sacrum [NCT03360760]100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-08-01Recruiting
(RICE) Plus Bortezomib (Velcade) in a Dose-Escalating Fashion for Patients With Relapsed or Primary Refractory Aggressive B-Cell NHL [NCT01300793]Phase 16 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-05-31Terminated(stopped due to closed for low accrual and no data is available.)
An International Phase II Trial Assessing Tolerability and Efficacy of Sequential Methotrexate-Aracytin-based Combination and R-ICE Combination, Followed by HD Chemotherapy Supported by ASCT, in Patients With Systemic B-cell Lymphoma With CNS Involvement [NCT02329080]Phase 276 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-12-31Active, not recruiting
Safety and Efficacy Pilot Trial of the Anti-Viral and Anti-Tumor Activity of Velcade Combined With (R)ICE in Subjects With EBV and/or HHV-8 Positive Relapsed/Refractory AIDS-Associated Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT00598169]Phase 123 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-11-30Completed
A Non-Randomized Phase III Study of Response Adapted Therapy for the Treatment of Children With Newly Diagnosed High Risk Hodgkin Lymphoma [NCT01026220]Phase 3166 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-12-07Completed
A Multicentre, Phase II, Open Label, Single Arm Study of Pixantrone in Patients With CD20-positive Relapsed or Refractory Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated With Rituximab, Ifosfamide and Etoposide. [NCT03458260]Phase 274 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-03-26Active, not recruiting
Therapeutic Trial for Patients With Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumor and Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumors [NCT01946529]Phase 224 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-12-27Active, not recruiting
Phase II Study of Rituximab in Combination With Methotrexate, Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide, Leucovorin, Vincristine, Ifosfamide, Etoposide, Cytarabine and Mesna (R-MACLO/VAM) in Patients With Previously Untreated Mantle Cell Lymphoma [NCT00878254]Phase 225 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-03-25Active, not recruiting
Feasibility and Dose Discovery Analysis of Zoledronic Acid With Concurrent Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Osteosarcoma [NCT00742924]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-08-31Completed
Randomized Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Plus Retifanlimab (INCMGA00012) in Patients With Selected Sarcomas [NCT04968106]Phase 266 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-12-07Recruiting
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Combined With Targeted Treatment in High-risk Retroperitoneal Sarcoma-- A Nationwide Multicentered Prospective Controlled Study [NCT05844813]Phase 4102 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-11-01Enrolling by invitation
A Study of Bevacizumab, a Humanized Monoclonal Antibody Against Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), in Combination With Chemotherapy for Treatment of Osteosarcoma [NCT00667342]Phase 243 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-06-03Completed
International Phase 3 Trial in Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Ph+ALL) Testing Imatinib in Combination With Two Different Cytotoxic Chemotherapy Backbones [NCT03007147]Phase 3475 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-08-08Recruiting
A Phase II Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Lenalidomide Plus ICE in the Treatment of Refractory and Relapsed Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma [NCT03367143]Phase 239 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-12-31Active, not recruiting
A Phase II Trial of Irinotecan and Temozolomide in Combination With Existing High Dose Alkylator Based Chemotherapy for Treatment of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Ewing Sarcoma [NCT01864109]Phase 283 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-05-31Active, not recruiting
Phase II Trial of Pembrolizumab in Combination With ICE Salvage Chemotherapy for Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma [NCT03077828]Phase 243 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-04-21Active, not recruiting
Combination Chemotherapy Including Cisplatin, Ifosfamide, Gemcitabine, L-asparaginase, Etoposide and Dexamethasone (PIGLETS Regimen) as Treatment of Newly Diagnosed and Relapsed/Refractory Peripheral T Cell Lymphomas (PTCLs) [NCT03071822]Phase 450 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-02-24Recruiting
N9: Pilot Study of Novel Shortened Induction Chemotherapy for High-Risk Neuroblastoma [NCT04947501]Early Phase 130 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-06-22Recruiting
Multicenter Prospective Randomized Study on NeoAdjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Radical Hysterectomy (OP) Versus Primary Chemo-RADiation in Patients With Cervical Cancer FIGO Stage IB2 and IIB [NCT02422563]Phase 3534 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-10-31Not yet recruiting
A Treatment Strategy of the Use of 1st Line Chemotherapy in Patients With Poor-Prognosis Disseminated Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumors Based on Tumor Marker Decline: A Phase II Trial of Paclitaxel, Ifosfamid and Cisplatin Regimen. [NCT02414685]Phase 219 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-04-30Completed
An Open-label, Non-randomized Phase 2 Study of Ofatumomab (O) in Combination With ICE (Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide)-Chemotherapy in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) [NCT02412267]Phase 217 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-04-30Completed
Phase II Study of Intensive Chemotherapy and Rituximab in Burkitt Lymphoma [NCT00126191]Phase 210 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-07-31Terminated(stopped due to closed due to slow accrual)
A Phase I/II, Open-Label, Single-Arm, Two-Part Trial to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Anti-Tumor Activity of Glofitamab in Monotherapy and in Combination With Chemoimmunotherapy in Pediatric and Young Adult Participants With Relapse [NCT05533775]Phase 1/Phase 265 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-11-16Recruiting
A Phase II Single Arm Study of the Use of CODOX-M/IVAC With Rituximab (R-CODOX-M/IVAC) in the Treatment of Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (International Prognostic Index High or High-Intermediate Risk) [NCT00974792]Phase 2150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-01-31Recruiting
A Study of Etoposide and Ifosfamide Combined With or Without Sulfatinib on Relapsed or Refractory Drug Resistant Osteosarcoma [NCT05590572]Phase 1/Phase 2148 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-01-31Not yet recruiting
A Phase II Study of Bortezomib (Velcade, PS-341) in Combination With Ifosfamide/Vinorelbine in Pediatric Patients and Young Adults With Refractory/Recurrent Hodgkin Disease [NCT00381940]Phase 226 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-01-31Completed
Phase II Study of Rituximab in Combination With Methotrexate, Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide, Leucovorin, Vincristine, Ifosfamide, Etoposide, Cytarabine and Mesna (MACLO/IVAM) in Patients With Previously Untreated Mantle Cell Lymphoma [NCT00450801]Phase 222 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-04-30Completed
Phase I/II Study of AMG 531 in Patients With Advanced Malignancy Receiving Treatment With Carboplatin [NCT00147225]Phase 1/Phase 255 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-08-31Completed
"A Pilot Phase II Trial of Adjuvant Radiation Therapy Sandwiched Between Ifosfamide in Patients With Mixed Mesodermal Tumors" [NCT00231842]Phase 230 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-02-28Completed
Multicentric, Randomized Phase II Trial for the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed Osteosarcoma [NCT02718482]Phase 27 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-04-06Terminated(stopped due to Not adequate enrollment (sample size not possible to reach))
A Randomized, Open-label, Safety and Efficacy Study of Ibrutinib in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Mature B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [NCT02703272]Phase 372 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-07-01Terminated(stopped due to IDMC recommended that enrolment be stoped, as the EFS hazard ratio and associated p-value crossed the futility boundary specified in protocol (July 2020).)
Chemotherapy, Irradiation, and Surgery for Function-Preserving Curative Therapy of Primary Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Initial Treatment With I-MAP and GM-CSF; Aerosol GM-CSF During Preoperative Irradiation and Postoperatively [NCT00652860]Phase 239 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2001-08-31Completed
Genomics-Based Target Therapy for Children With Relapsed or Refractory Malignancy [NCT02638428]Phase 290 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-12-31Recruiting
Phase I/II Multicentre Trial of Salvage Chemotherapy With Gem-TIP for Relapsed Germ Cell Cancer [NCT00551122]Phase 1/Phase 223 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-11-30Recruiting
A Phase II Study of Sorafenib and Ifosfamide as a Treatment for Patients With Sarcoma [NCT00880542]Phase 27 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-08-31Terminated(stopped due to The study lost funding.)
Mitomycin and Ifosfamide (MI) as Salvage Therapy for Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: a Phase II Study. [NCT00967291]Phase 221 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-03-31Terminated(stopped due to lack of activity and G3-4 toxicity at interim analysis)
Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Untreated Osteosarcoma: A Pilot Study of a New Chemotherapeutic Regimen Including Ifosfamide [NCT00645632]60 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1990-11-30Completed
IGEV +/- Bortezomib (Velcade) as Induction Before High Dose Consolidation in Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin's Lymphoma After First Line Treatment: a Randomized Phase II Trial. On Behalf of Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi [NCT00636311]Phase 213 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Completed
A Phase I/II Study of Methylselenocysteine (MSC) in Combination With Immunochemotherapy (R-ICE) in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) [NCT00829205]Phase 1/Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-31Withdrawn
Phase II Study of VIDL (VP-16, Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone, L-asparaginase) Chemotherapy Followed by High-dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Stage III/IV Extranodal NK-T-Cell Lymphoma [NCT02544425]Phase 227 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-02-21Recruiting
A Phase II Study of (Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Trial Prior to Extirpative Surgery) for Clinical Stage TanyN2-3M0 Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis [NCT00512096]Phase 230 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-08-31Completed
A Phase II Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Obtain a Preliminary Efficacy Assessment of Palifermin in Patients With Sarcoma Receiving Multicycle Chemotherapy With Doxorubicin and Ifosfamide [NCT00267046]Phase 249 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-12-31Completed
A Phase III Randomised Study Comparing Three Combination Chemotherapy Regimens in Patients With Non Pre-treated Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT00622349]Phase 3707 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-02-29Completed
Sequential Neoadjuvant Ifosfamide and Doxorubicin in Localized High-grade Soft Tissue Sarcoma of Extremities and Trunk Wall [NCT04776525]Phase 249 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-04-27Recruiting
Outpatient Chemotherapy in Pediatric Osteosarcoma: Doxorubicin With Cisplatin, High-Dose Methotrexate, and Additional Risk-Adapted Outpatient Chemotherapy [NCT00673179]7 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-05-31Terminated(stopped due to Low accrual.)
A Randomized Trial of the I-BFM-SG for the Management of Childhood Non-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia [NCT00764907]Phase 34,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2002-11-30Recruiting
A Phase I Investigator-Initiated Study of Selinexor (KPT-330) Plus RICE in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Aggressive B-cell Lymphomas [NCT02471911]Phase 122 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-12-11Completed
Phase I Study To Determine The Safety Of Caelyx (Doxorubin HCI, Pegylated Liposomal) In Combination With Ifosfamide In Previously Untreated Adult Patients With Advanced And/Or Metastatic Soft Tissues Sarcomas [NCT00030784]Phase 128 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-11-30Completed
A Phase I Investigator Sponsored Trial of Selinexor (KPT-330), a Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export / SINE™ Compound and Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide (ICE) in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma [NCT03212937]Phase 111 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-07-01Completed
Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant Doxorubicin and Ifosfamide, Radiotherapy, and Surgical Resection in Patients With Primary or Recurrent Retroperitoneal Sarcoma [NCT00017160]Phase 20 participants (Actual)InterventionalWithdrawn
A Phase 1/1B Dose-Escalation Study to Determine the Safety and Tolerability of SCH 717454 Administered in Combination With Chemotherapy in Pediatric Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors (Protocol No. 05883) [NCT00960063]Phase 14 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-11-11Terminated(stopped due to Study was terminated for business reasons.)
Multicenter Study of Safety and Efficacy of PET-adapted Treatment With Nivolumab at the Fixed Dose 40 mg, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide (NICE-40) in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma [NCT04981899]Phase 1/Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-03-01Recruiting
Randomized Phase 3 Trial Evaluating the Addition of the IGF-1R Monoclonal Antibody Ganitumab (AMG 479, NSC# 750008) to Multiagent Chemotherapy for Patients With Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma [NCT02306161]Phase 3312 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-12-12Active, not recruiting
The Use of Ifosfamide, Doxorubicin and Hypofractionated Radiotherapy in Neoadjuvant Treatment of High-grade Extremity Soft Tissue and Non-metastatic Sarcomas [NCT02812654]Phase 270 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-03-31Recruiting
Multi-Cycle High-Dose Chemotherapy Versus Optimized Conventionally-Dosed Chemotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Phase II Prospective Randomized Trial [NCT00012311]Phase 20 participants Interventional2000-01-31Active, not recruiting
Phase II Study of Treatment of Relapsed Agressive Lymphomas [NCT00842595]Phase 250 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-12-31Completed
Mobilization of Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cells (PBSC) in CD20+ Lymphoma Patients Using RICE, G-CSF (Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor), and Plerixafor [NCT01097057]Phase 220 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-11-09Completed
A Pilot Study of Chemotherapy Intensification by Adding Vincristine, Topotecan and Cyclophosphamide to Standard Chemotherapy Agents With an Interval Compression Schedule in Newly Diagnosed Patients With Localized Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors [NCT00618813]35 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-03-31Completed
A Phase 2 Study of Polatuzumab Vedotin With Rituximab, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide (PolaR-ICE) as Initial Salvage Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma [NCT04665765]Phase 241 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-01-18Active, not recruiting
Study Characterizing the Impact of Different Therapeutic Strategies on Event Occurrence at 2 Years, 5 Years, 10 Years, and 15 Years, According to Prognostic Groups in Patients With Hodgkin Lymphoma [NCT00920153]Phase 3442 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-05-31Terminated(stopped due to Other new drugs)
A Randomized Phase III Trial of Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin Versus Ifosfamide Plus Paclitaxel in Chemotherapy-Naive Patients With Newly Diagnosed Stage I-IV, Persistent or Recurrent Carcinosarcoma (Mixed Mesodermal Tumors) of the Uterus, Fallopian Tube, P [NCT00954174]Phase 3637 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-08-17Active, not recruiting
Magnetic Resonance Based Non-Invasive Thermometry for Hyperthermic Treatment of Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A Multimodal Phase I/II Study [NCT00093509]Phase 1/Phase 215 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-11-30Completed
Biologic Evaluation of Renal Toxicity of Cisplatin and Ifosfamide (TOXIPLAT) [NCT00695032]80 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-10-31Suspended
A Phase 1/2, Open-label, Multi-center Study to Evaluate theSafety and Efficacy of Selinexor Combined With Chemotherapy orTislelizumab in Relapsed or Refractory Mature T and NK Cell Lymphoma [NCT04425070]Phase 1/Phase 297 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-08-18Recruiting
A Phase II Pilot Multicenter Study of Denileukin Diftitox Alone and in Combination With ICE (ICED) Chemotherapy in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults (CAYA) With Relapsed or Refractory Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma [NCT00801918]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-12-31Withdrawn(stopped due to Lack of funding)
A Scandinavian Sarcoma Group Treatment Protocol for Adult Patients With Non-metastatic High-risk Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Extremities and Trunk Wall [NCT00790244]Phase 2188 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-10-31Recruiting
Multicenter Trial for Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adults (05/93) [NCT00199069]Phase 4720 participants Interventional1993-04-30Completed
Intensified Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy (Dasatinib NSC# 732517) in Philadelphia Chromosome Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) [NCT00720109]Phase 2/Phase 363 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-07-14Completed
A Phase II Study of Intensive-Dose Topotecan, Ifosfamide/Mesna and Etoposide (Vepesid)(TIME) Followed by Autologous Stem Cell Rescue in High Risk Lymphoma [NCT00006373]Phase 227 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-02-29Completed
A Pilot Study of Re-Induction Chemotherapy With Ifosfamide, and Vinorelbine (IV) in Children With Refractory/Relapsed Hodgkin's Disease [NCT00006760]Phase 266 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-05-31Completed
Dose Intensification Phase II Study in Refractory Germ Cell Tumors With Relapse and Bad Prognosis. TICE Protocol : Paclitaxel and Ifosfamide Followed by Carboplatine and Etoposide Intensification With Individual Carboplatine Dose Adjustment. [NCT00864318]Phase 2101 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-03-13Completed
A Phase II Study of Intensive-Dose Topotecan, Ifosfamide/Mesna and Etoposide (TIME) Followed by Autologous Stem Cell Rescue in Metastatic Breast Cancer [NCT00006032]Phase 20 participants Interventional2000-03-31Terminated(stopped due to low accrual)
A Pilot Study Of Tandem High Dose Chemotherapy With Stem Cell Rescue Following Induction Therapy In Children With High Risk Neuroblastoma [NCT00017368]Phase 242 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-04-30Completed
Intensification Therapy of Mature B-ALL, Burkitt and Burkitt Like and Other High Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Adults [NCT00797810]Phase 425 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-12-31Recruiting
A Phase II Study of Gemcitabine and Ifosfamide As a Second-Line Systemic Chemotherapy for Cisplatin -Failed Advanced Transitional Cell Carcinoma [NCT00173862]Phase 218 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-05-31Completed
A Multicentre Phase II Study of Risk-adjusted Outpatient-based Salvage Therapy for Patients With Relapsed and Refractory Lymphoma [NCT00163761]Phase 290 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-12-31Completed
An Open, Single-arm, Multi-center Clinical Trial of Molecular Subtype-guided R-MINE+X Regimen in the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) [NCT05784987]60 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-04-15Not yet recruiting
[NCT00541411]10 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2003-06-30Active, not recruiting
Antiangiogenic Potentiation of Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for High Risk Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A Phase I Study of Sorafenib With Epirubicin, Ifosfamide, Hypofractionated Radiation, and Surgery [NCT00822848]Phase 118 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-28Completed
Phase I/II Trial of Sequential Paclitaxel/Ifosfamide Followed by Dose-Escalated, Dose-Intensive Carboplatin, Paclitaxel and Ifosfamide With Stem Cell Support in Cisplatin-Resistant Germ Cell Tumor Patients [NCT00423852]Phase 1/Phase 226 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-08-31Completed
Phase II Trial of Chemotherapy in Sporadic and Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Associated High Grade Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors [NCT00304083]Phase 248 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-12-31Completed
Intensive Multi-Agent Therapy, Including Dose-Compressed Cycles of Ifosfamide/Etoposide (IE) and Vincristine/Doxorubicin/Cyclophosphamide (VDC) for Patients With High-Risk Rhabdomyosarcoma [NCT00354744]Phase 3109 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-07-31Completed
A Multicenter Phase II Study Incorporating DOXIL® and Rituximab Into the Magrath Regimen for HIV-Negative and HIV-Positive Patients With Newly Diagnosed Burkitt's and Burkitt-like Lymphoma [NCT00392990]Phase 225 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-02-06Completed
Risk-Based Treatment for Non-Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcomas (NRSTS) in Patients Under 30 Years of Age [NCT00346164]Phase 3588 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-02-05Completed
Risk-Adapted High Dose Chemoradiotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients With Relapsed and Primary Refractory Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT00255723]Phase 298 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-04-30Completed
High-dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplant or Consolidating Conventional Chemotherapy in Primary CNS Lymphoma - Randomized Phase III Trial [NCT02531841]Phase 3250 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-07-31Recruiting
Treatment of Recurrent or Resistant Pediatric Malignant Germ Cell Tumors With Paclitaxel, Ifosfamide and Carboplatin [NCT00467051]Phase 220 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-11-05Completed
A Phase II Study To Assess The Ability Of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Plus/Minus Second Look Surgery To Eliminate All Measurable Disease Prior To Radiotherapy For NGGCT [NCT00047320]Phase 2104 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-01-31Completed
Phase I, Prospective, Open-label, Multi-centric, Dose Finding Trial of Combination of IGEV and Panobinostat Before Autologous Stem Cell Transplant in Patients With Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT01884428]Phase 124 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-07-31Recruiting
Sequential High-Dose Chemotherapy Combining Two Mobilization and Cyto-Reductive Treatments Followed by Three High-Dose Chemotherapy Regimens Supported by Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT00231582]Phase 250 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-09-30Completed
A Single Center and Single Arm Study of TIP (Paclitaxel + Ifosfamide + Cisplatin) Combined With Nimotuzumab & Triprilimab as Neoadjuvant Treatment in Locally Advanced Penile Cancer [NCT04475016]Phase 229 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-08-12Completed
Pembrolizumab in Combination With R-ICE Chemotherapy in Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma [NCT05221645]Phase 265 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-06-27Recruiting
International Penile Advanced Cancer Trial (International Rare Cancers Initiative Study) [NCT02305654]Phase 3200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-05-12Recruiting
A Multicenter Phase II Clinical Study of Albumin-bound Paclitaxel (Nab-PTX), Ifosfamide and Cisplatin in the Treatment of Pediatric Advanced, Recurrent or Refractory Extracranial Germ Cell Tumor. [NCT04581265]Phase 243 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-11-10Not yet recruiting
Randomized Phase II Trial of Paclitaxel, Ifosfamide and Cisplatin (TIP) Versus Bleomycin, Etoposide and Cisplatin (BEP) for Patients With Previously Untreated Intermediate- and Poor-Risk Germ Cell Tumors [NCT01873326]Phase 292 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-06-30Active, not recruiting
A Pilot Study of Dose Intensification of Methotrexate in Patients With Advanced-Stage (III/IV) Small Non-Cleaved Cell Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma and B-Cell All [NCT00005977]Phase 383 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-09-30Completed
A Randomized Phase III Trial of ICE Chemotherapy With or Without Rituximab for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory CD20 Expressing Aggressive B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas in Patients Not Suitable for High Dose Therapy and PBSCT [NCT00006708]Phase 37 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-10-31Terminated(stopped due to lack of accrual)
Phase II Trial of Paclitaxel, Ifosfamide, and Cisplatin in Previously Untreated Intermediate and Poor Risk Germ Cell Tumor Patients [NCT00470366]Phase 260 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-03-31Completed
A Phase I Study of Oral Palifosfamide Tris in Advanced, Refractory, Solid Tumors [NCT00607711]Phase 120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-03-31Suspended(stopped due to IND was withdrawn)
A Pilot Study for Soft Tissue Sarcoma [NCT00662233]Early Phase 128 participants (Actual)Interventional1991-10-31Completed
Open-label, Prospective Phase III Clinical Study to Compare Polatuzumab Vedotin Plus Rituximab, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin and Etoposide (Pola-R-ICE) With Rituximab, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin and Etoposide (R-ICE) Alone as Salvage Therapy in Patients With Prim [NCT04833114]Phase 3334 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-04-30Recruiting
AIEOP LLA 2000 Multicenter Study for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia [NCT00613457]Phase 32,039 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-09-30Completed
A Phase III Randomized Study Comparing A Chemotherapy With Cisplatin And Etoposide To A Etoposide Regimen Without Cisplatin For Patients With Extensive Small-Cell Lung Cancer [NCT00658580]Phase 3361 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-04-30Completed
Localized Non-Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcomas [NCT00334854]Phase 3250 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-03-31Recruiting
A Phase II Evaluation of High Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Intestinal T-cell Lymphomas [NCT00669812]Phase 260 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-02-29Recruiting
Response-based Treatment of High-risk Neuroblastoma [NCT02771743]Phase 254 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-04-30Recruiting
Phase II Study of Durvalumab ,Doxorubicin, and Ifosfamide in Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma [NCT04224337]Phase 234 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-06-11Recruiting
A Clinico-Pathologic Study of Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma (IELSG 26) [NCT00689845]120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-06-30Recruiting
Phase I Study of Panobinostat Plus ICE Chemotherapy Followed by a Randomized Phase-II Study of ICE Compared With Panobinostat Plus ICE for Patients With Relapsed and Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma [NCT01169636]Phase 1/Phase 262 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-01-31Completed
Treatment Intensification With R-ICE and High-Dose Cyclophosphamide for Diffuse Large B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Based on Early [18F] FDG-PET Scanning [NCT00809341]Phase 227 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-31Terminated(stopped due to Low accrual)
"A Phase II Multicenter Study Comparing the Efficacy of the Oral Angiogenesis Inhibitor Nintedanib With the Intravenous Cytotoxic Compound Ifosfamide for Treatment of Patients With Advanced Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma After Failure of Systemic Non-oxaz [NCT02808247]Phase 280 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-07-07Terminated(stopped due to Exceed of pre-specified number of failures in the experimental arm)
[NCT00162695]Phase 3400 participants Interventional1995-07-31Terminated
SIOP CNS GCT II: Prospective Trial for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Children, Adolescents and Young Adults With Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors [NCT01424839]Phase 4400 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-10-31Recruiting
A Phase I/II Study of G3139 (Genasense) in Combination With RICE Chemotherapy in Relapsed B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT00086944]Phase 1/Phase 225 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-05-31Completed
A Phase II Study Of An OutPatient Three Day VIP Regimen With Oral Mesna For Metastatic Breast Cancer [NCT00006260]Phase 236 participants (Actual)Interventional1997-05-31Completed
NB2004 Trial Protocol for Risk Adapted Treatment of Children With Neuroblastoma [NCT00410631]Phase 3642 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2004-10-31Recruiting
A Phase II Trial Of Adjuvant Chemotherapy For High Risk Transitional Cell Carcinoma Of The Urothelium [NCT00028860]Phase 20 participants Interventional2001-10-31Completed
Risk-Adapted Therapy for Patients With Untreated Age-Adjusted International Prognostic Index Low-Intermediate Risk, High-Intermediate Risk, or High Risk Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma [NCT00712582]Phase 296 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-07-01Completed
Response-based Treatment for Children With Unresectable Localized Soft Tissue Sarcomas [NCT02784015]Phase 241 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-05-31Recruiting
A Randomized, Multicenter, Phase III Trial of Trabectedin (Yondelis) Versus Doxorubicin-based Chemotherapy as First-Line Therapy in Patients With Translocation-Related Sarcomas (TRS) [NCT00796120]Phase 3121 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-11-30Completed
A Phase II Study of Dose Augmented Rituximab and Ice for Patients With Primary Refractory and Poor Risk Relapsed Aggressive B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Undergoing Second-Line Therapy Prior to Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT00588094]Phase 220 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-10-31Completed
Phase III Study About the Effects of the Addition of Polychemotherapy to Adjuvant Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Non-Metastatic Uterine Sarcomas [NCT00162721]Phase 3270 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2001-09-30Recruiting
SFOP-OS94: Multicentric Randomised Phase III Trial Comparing Efficacy of Preoperative High-Dose Methotrexate Plus Doxorubicin to Efficacy of High-Dose Methotrexate Plus Etoposide and Ifosfamide, in Children and Adolescents Osteosarcoma [NCT00180908]Phase 3226 participants Interventional1994-06-30Completed
Large Cell Lymphoma, Pilot Study III [NCT00187070]8 participants (Actual)Interventional1997-12-31Completed
A Clinical Study of Liposomal Doxorubicin Combined With Ifosfamide Second-line Treatment in Small Cell Lung Cancer: Single Center, Single-arm Study [NCT01872416]Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-10-31Recruiting
PHASE III MULTICENTRE TRIAL OF TREATMENT OF NEUROBLASTOMA IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS [NCT00002802]Phase 3500 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1990-07-31Completed
MMT 95 Study For Rhabdomyosarcoma and Other Malignant Soft Tissue Tumors of Childhood [NCT00002898]Phase 3400 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1995-01-31Completed
A Phase II Trial of ICE Chemotherapy Followed by High Dose BEAM Chemotherapy With Autologous Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cell Transplantation in Patients >= 60 Years Old With Refractory or Relapsed Intermediate Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT00002982]Phase 20 participants Interventional1997-01-31Completed
A Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Topotecan and Ifosfamide in Patients With Refractory Non-Hematologic Malignancies. [NCT00003198]Phase 10 participants Interventional1997-11-30Completed
A Major Randomised Trial to Determine the Value of Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy For All Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT00003240]Phase 31,800 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1995-10-31Active, not recruiting
A Phase I Trial of a Combined Regimen of Chemotherapy and 90Y-Labeled, Humanized LL2 (Anti-CD22) Antibody With Peripheral Stem Cell Rescue for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT00004086]Phase 10 participants Interventional1997-06-30Active, not recruiting
ALL-BFM 2000 Multi-Center Study for the Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia [NCT00430118]Phase 34,559 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-07-31Completed
Phase II Study of Ifosfamide and Doxorubicin in Patients With Refractory Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma [NCT00484601]Phase 29 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-04-15Terminated(stopped due to Low accrual.)
A Phase I Study of Intravenous (IV) Palifosfamide-tris Administered in Combination With IV Etoposide and IV Carboplatin in Patients With Malignancies for Which Etoposide and Carboplatin Are an Appropriate Choice [NCT01242072]Phase 112 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-11-30Active, not recruiting
A Phase I Study of a Novel Chemotherapeutic Regimen: Topotecan, Ifosfamide and Carboplatin (TIC) in Children and Young Adults With Solid Tumors-- A Limited Multi-Institution Study [NCT00502892]Phase 12 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-08-31Completed
A Phase IB, Open-Label, Multicenter, Single Arm Study Evaluating the Preliminary Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Glofitamab in Combination With Rituximab Plus Ifosfamide, Carboplatin Etoposide Phosphate in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Trans [NCT05364424]Phase 140 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-11-04Recruiting
A Pilot Study of Standard-Dose Rituximab, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin and Etoposide (RICE) Plus Bortezomib (Velcade) in a Dose-Escalating Fashion for Patients With Relapsed or Primary Refractory Aggressive B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Who Are Candidates for [NCT00515138]Early Phase 17 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-05-31Terminated(stopped due to Investigator left institution. 7 patients accrued and there is insufficient data to analyze.)
Modified BFM (Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster)Backbone Therapy for Chinese Children or Adolescents With Newly Diagnosed Lymphoblastic Lymphoma [NCT02845882]Phase 3150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-01-31Active, not recruiting
Acalabrutinib Plus RICE for Patients With Relapsed/Refractory DLBCL Followed by Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Acalabrutinib Maintenance Therapy [NCT03736616]Phase 247 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-08-16Recruiting
LBL 2018 - International Cooperative Treatment Protocol for Children and Adolescents With Lymphoblastic Lymphoma [NCT04043494]Phase 3683 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-08-23Recruiting
A Multicenter, Open-label, Randomized Phase 2 Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Lenvatinib in Combination With Ifosfamide and Etoposide Versus Ifosfamide and Etoposide in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults With Relapsed or Refractory Osteosa [NCT04154189]Phase 281 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-03-23Completed
A Prospective Multicenter Phase II Trial of Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, and Ifosfamide (GIP) in Patients With Relapsed Non-Seminomatous Germ-Cell Tumors (NSGCT) and a Predicted Favorable Prognosis [NCT00127049]Phase 237 participants Interventional2004-12-31Recruiting
An Open-Label Phase 1/2 Study to Investigate the Preliminary Safety and Activity of Aldoxorubicin Plus Ifosfamide/Mesna in Subjects With Metastatic, Locally Advanced, or Unresectable Soft Tissue Sarcoma [NCT02235701]Phase 1/Phase 270 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-09-02Completed
Phase II Study of Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, Etoposide, and Ifosfamide, Followed by Resection and Radiotherapy in Patients With Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors or Ewing's Sarcoma [NCT00002466]Phase 20 participants Interventional1990-05-31Completed
Continuous 5 Days Infusion of High Dose Ifosfamide and Adriamycin in Patients With Advanced Sarcoma [NCT00002526]Phase 220 participants (Actual)Interventional1993-01-31Completed
TREATMENT OF ADULT PATIENTS WITH RELAPSING ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA, A MULTICENTER TRIAL [NCT00002532]Phase 20 participants Interventional1993-01-31Active, not recruiting
Phase II Study of Intensive Chemotherapy With Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Support in Patients With Cisplatin Resistant Germ Cell Tumors [NCT00003852]Phase 245 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1998-03-31Terminated(stopped due to lack of patient inclusion)
A Randomized Phase III Study of Paclitaxel, Ifosfamide and Cisplatin Versus Vinblastine, Ifosfamide and Cisplatin as Second-Line Therapy for Patients With Relapsed/Resistant Germ Cell Tumors [NCT00072215]Phase 31 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-04-30Terminated(stopped due to poor accrual)
Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma and High Grade Glioma [NCT00278278]Phase 3150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2003-09-30Active, not recruiting
A Pilot Study of Aranesp (Darbepoetin Alfa) and Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) in Patients With Sarcoma Receiving Adriamycin and Ifosfamide [NCT00283621]51 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-06-02Completed
A Phase I Study Of BG In Combination With Ifosfamide For Advanced Solid Tumors [NCT00086970]Phase 132 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-06-30Terminated(stopped due to Administratively complete.)
Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant, Multi-Agent Chemotherapy For Locally Advanced Urothelial Cancer [NCT00080795]Phase 265 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-07-31Completed
Phase II Study Of Rituximab And Short Duration, High Intensity Chemotherapy With G-CSF Support In Previously Untreated Patients With Burkitt Lymphoma/Leukemia [NCT00039130]Phase 2105 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-05-31Completed
A Phase III Randomized Trial of Adding Vincristine-Topotecan-Cyclophosphamide to Standard Chemotherapy in Initial Treatment of Non-Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma [NCT00334867]Phase 30 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-12-31Withdrawn(stopped due to withdrawn)
A Pilot Study to Evaluate Novel Agents (Temozolomide and Cixutumumab [IMC-A12, Anti-IGF-IR Monoclonal Antibody NSC # 742460]) in Combination With Intensive Multi-agent Interval Compressed Therapy for Patients With High-Risk Rhabdomyosarcoma [NCT01055314]Phase 2175 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-01-31Completed
A Phase I Study Investigating the Combination of RAD001 With Standard Induction and Consolidation Therapy in Older Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) [NCT01154439]Phase 111 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-10-31Completed
A Phase Ⅱ Single-arm Clinical Trial to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Vinorelbine-ifosfamide Regimen as Third-line Treatment in Refractory or Recurrent Extensive Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients [NCT01752517]60 participants (Anticipated)Observational2012-12-31Recruiting
Randomized Phase III-Study in Stage IIIb and IV Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Sequential Single-Agent vs. Double-Agent vs. Triple-Agent Therapy. [NCT00148395]Phase 3280 participants Interventional2002-06-30Completed
S9624: Phase II Study of Ifosfamide in Patients With Aggressive Meningeal Tumors [NCT00003292]Phase 27 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-07-31Terminated(stopped due to lack of accrual)
Pilot Study for Treatment of Elderly Patients (>65 Years) With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia [NCT00199095]Phase 440 participants Interventional1997-02-28Completed
Multidisciplinary Approach for Poor Prognosis Sinonasal Tumors: Phase II Study of Chemotherapy, Surgery, Photon and Heavy Ion Radiotherapy Integration for More Effective and Less Toxic Treatment in Operable Patients [NCT02099175]Phase 241 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-11-30Active, not recruiting
A Pilot Phase II Trial Of Irinotecan Plus Carboplatin, And Irinotecan Maintenance Therapy (High-Risk Patients Only), Integrated Into The Upfront Therapy Of Newly Diagnosed Patients With Intermediate - And High-Risk Rhabdomyosarcoma [NCT00077285]Phase 265 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2003-10-31Active, not recruiting
Trial Protocol for the Treatment of Children With High Risk Neuroblastoma (NB2004-HR) [NCT00526318]360 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-01-31Recruiting
Single-center, Open, Non-randomized, Phase II Prospective Study of Apatinib Combined With Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Unresectable Soft Tissue Sarcoma [NCT04126811]Phase 2120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-06-01Recruiting
Phase 3 Trial to Investigate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Blinatumomab as Consolidation Therapy Versus Conventional Consolidation Chemotherapy in Pediatric Subjects With HR First Relapse B-precursor ALL [NCT02393859]Phase 3111 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-10Completed
Therapy for Children With Advanced Stage High Risk Neuroblastoma [NCT00186849]Phase 230 participants (Actual)Interventional1997-10-31Completed
Phase II Trial of Ifosfamide/Carboplatin/Etoposide/Rituxan Followed by Zevalin in the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Intermediate Grade B-Cell Lymphoma [NCT00193505]Phase 240 participants Interventional2003-10-31Completed
Phase 1/2 Study of Lenvatinib in Children and Adolescents With Refractory or Relapsed Solid Malignancies and Young Adults With Osteosarcoma [NCT02432274]Phase 1/Phase 2117 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-12-29Completed
Phase-I Study of Bortezomib (VELCADE) Plus ICE (Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide) for Patients With Relapsed Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma [NCT00439361]Phase 114 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-02-28Completed
Dose Escalation of Total Marrow Irradiation Added to an Alkylator-Intense Conditioning Regimen for Patients With High Risk or Relapsed Solid Tumors [NCT00623077]Phase 123 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-08-31Terminated(stopped due to Replaced by another study)
A Phase 1/2, Open-Label, Dose Escalation, Safety and Tolerability Study of INCB050465 and Iitacitinib in Subjects With Previously Treated B-Cell Malignancies (CITADEL-101) [NCT02018861]Phase 1/Phase 288 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-09-22Completed
EUROPEAN INTERGROUP COOPERATIVE EWING'S SARCOMA STUDY [EICESS 92] [NCT00002516]Phase 30 participants Interventional1992-07-31Active, not recruiting
A Phase III Randomized Study of Accelerated Hyperfractionated Whole Abdominal Radiotherapy (AHWAR) Versus Combination Ifosfamide-Mesna With Cisplatin in Optimally Debulked Stage I, II, III, or IV Carcinosarcoma (CS) of The Uterus [NCT00002546]Phase 3216 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1993-12-31Completed
A Multi-center, Open-Label, Adaptive, Randomized Study of Palifosfamide-tris, a Novel DNA Crosslinker, in Combination With Carboplatin and Etoposide (PaCE) Chemotherapy Versus Carboplatin and Etoposide (CE) Alone in Chemotherapy Naïve Patients With Extens [NCT01555710]Phase 3548 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-05-31Active, not recruiting
A Phase II Trial of Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide (ICE) Chemotherapy in Combination With Rituximab as Salvage Therapy [NCT00007865]Phase 20 participants Interventional2000-09-01Completed
MULTICENTRE TRIAL OF INTENSIFIED THERAPY FOR ADULT ALL (O5/93) [NCT00002531]Phase 20 participants Interventional1993-01-31Active, not recruiting
European Ewing Tumour Working Initiative of National Groups Ewing Tumour Studies 1999 (EURO-E.W.I.N.G.99) [NCT00020566]Phase 31,200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2001-02-28Recruiting
A Groupwide Phase II Study of Trastuzumab (Herceptin) in Metastatic Osteosarcoma Patients With Tumors That Overexpress HER2 [NCT00023998]Phase 280 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-07-31Completed
A Groupwide Randomized Phase II Window Study of Two Different Schedules of Irinotecan in Combination With Vincristine And Pilot Assessment of Safety and Efficacy of Tirapazamine Combined With Multiagent Chemotherapy for First Relapse or Progressive Diseas [NCT00025363]Phase 2150 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-11-30Completed
MMT 98 Study For Metastatic Disease Rhabdomyosarcoma And Other Malignant Soft Tissue Sarcoma Of Childhood [NCT00025441]Phase 20 participants Interventional1998-11-30Completed
A Randomised Phase III Study On The Effect Of The Chimeric Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody (Mabthera) During Sequential Chemotherapy Followed By Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation In Patients With Relapse B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma(HOVON 44 STUDY) [NCT00012051]Phase 3340 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2000-09-30Completed
A Clinicopathological Study In Burkitts's And Burkitt-Like Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT00040690]Phase 2120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-11-30Completed
Randomised Trial Of Single Agent Doxorubicin Versus Doxorubicin Plus Ifosfamide In The First Line Treatment Of Advanced Or Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma [NCT00061984]Phase 3455 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-04-30Completed
A Phase I Study of Thrombopoietin (rhTPO) Plus G-CSF in Children Receiving Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide (I.C.E.) Chemotherapy for Recurrent or Refractory Solid Tumors [NCT00003597]Phase 116 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-11-30Completed
Randomized Study of ICE Plus RITUXIMAB Versus DHAP Plus Rituximab in Previously Treated Patients With Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma, Followed by Randomized Maintenance With Rituximab [NCT00137995]Phase 3481 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-06-30Completed
International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma (PPB) Treatment and Biology Registry Protocol [NCT01464606]156 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-12-22Active, not recruiting
Phase III Randomized Trial of Sequential High-Dose Chemotherapy Versus Standard Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT00011921]Phase 3430 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1997-09-30Active, not recruiting
Protocol for the Treatment of Extracranial Germ Cell Tumours in Children and Adolescents (GC III) [NCT00274950]Phase 3105 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2005-05-31Active, not recruiting
Neuroblastoma Study Phase II Study of Various Therapies in Patients With Neuroblastoma [NCT00017225]Phase 20 participants Interventional1997-05-31Completed
PILOT MULTINATIONAL PROTOCOLS IN ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA AND DIFFUSE NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA [NCT00018954]Phase 20 participants Interventional1992-10-31Completed
A Children's Oncology Group Pilot Study for the Treatment of Very High Risk Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children and Adolescents (Imatinib (STI571, GLEEVEC) NSC#716051) [NCT00022737]Phase 3220 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-10-31Completed
OS2006 : Protocole de Traitement Des ostéosarcomes de l'Enfant, de l'Adolescent et de l'Adulte Comportant [NCT00470223]Phase 3318 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-03-31Active, not recruiting
Pilot Trial of an Implantable Microdevice for In Vivo Drug Sensitivity Testing in Patients With Sarcomas [NCT04199026]Early Phase 120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-01-31Not yet recruiting
A Phase I/II Study Of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, Angiogenesis Inhibitor SU5416 (NSC # 696819; A TK Inhibitor Anti-Angionesises Compound), And Radiation Therapy In The Management Of High Risk, High-Grade, Soft Tissue Sarcomas Of The Extremities And Body Wal [NCT00023738]Phase 1/Phase 20 participants Interventional2001-08-31Completed
Protocol For The Treatment Of Children And Adolescents With Hodgkin's Disease [NCT00025064]Phase 2260 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2000-01-31Active, not recruiting
Docetaxel (DTX) - Ifosfamide (IFX) As First Line Chemotherapy In Metastatic Breast Cancer [NCT00026078]Phase 242 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2001-03-31Recruiting
A Phase II Study of Rituximab (IND #7028) and Ifosfamide, Carboplatin and Etoposide (ICE) Chemotherapy in Children With Recurrent/Refractory B-cell (CD20+) Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia [NCT00058461]Phase 282 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2003-11-30Terminated
Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant Dose-Intensive Chemotherapy With Adriamycin and Ifosfamide Followed by High-Dose ICE in Locally Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcomas [NCT00204646]Phase 20 participants Interventional1999-02-28Completed
A Randomized Phase II/III Trial Comparing Carboplatin-Ifosfamide (IC)-Chemotherapy Vs. IC-Chemotherapy Combined With Extreme Whole Body Hyperthermia In Patients With Recurrence Of Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma: DOLPHIN-1-STUDY [NCT00045461]Phase 2/Phase 3241 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2000-06-30Recruiting
Osteosarcoma 1999-A Study Of Intensive Chemotherapy Utilizing Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Doxorubicin for Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Treatment of Osteosarcoma [NCT00145639]Phase 280 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-05-31Completed
Double Dose Intensive Chemo-Radiotherapy With Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cell Rescue for Children With Advanced Stage Neuroblastoma and Sarcomas [NCT00165139]Phase 220 participants (Actual)Interventional1996-01-31Completed
Phase III Trial Investigating the Potential Benefit of Intensified Peri-operative Chemotherapy With in High-risk CINSARC Patients With Resectable Soft-tissue SARComas [NCT03805022]Phase 3351 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-02-14Recruiting
RANDOMISED CLINICAL TRIAL OF IFOSFAMIDE, CARBOPLATIN AND ETOPOSIDE WITH MID-CYCLE VINCRISTINE (VICE) VERSUS STANDARD PRACTICE CHEMOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH LIMITED STAGE SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER (SCLC) AND GOOD PERFORMANCE STATUS [NCT00002822]Phase 3400 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1996-03-31Completed
"Phase II Trial of VIPER Chemotherapy in Relapsed and Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (NHL)" [NCT00504751]Phase 215 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-05-31Completed
High-dose Chemotherapy for Poor-Prognosis Relapsed Germ-Cell Tumors [NCT00936936]Phase 264 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-02Active, not recruiting
A Randomized Study Comparing Chemotherapy Followed by G-CSF Alone Versus G-CSF Plus GM-CSF for Mobilization of Peripheral Blood Stem Cells in Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas [NCT00499343]Phase 284 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-01-31Completed
High Dose Samarium-153 With Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Support in High Risk Osteogenic Sarcoma [NCT00245011]Phase 211 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-10-31Completed
A European Treatment Protocol for Bone-sarcoma in Patients Older Than 40 Years [NCT02986503]100 participants (Actual)Observational2002-01-31Completed
Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Dose-Dense Doxorubicin, Ifosfamide, and Irinotecan (CPT-11) for Advanced Soft Tissue and Recurrent Bone Sarcomas [NCT00544778]Phase 27 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-08-31Terminated(stopped due to The study was terminated prematurely due to withdrawal of support by the sponsor.)
Phase 2 Trial of Response-Based Radiation Therapy for Patients With Localized Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors (CNS GCT) [NCT01602666]Phase 2262 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-05-29Active, not recruiting
Randomized Phase III Trial of Chemotherapy vs. Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy for Relapsed/Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma [NCT05711628]Phase 30 participants (Actual)Interventional2023-08-10Withdrawn(stopped due to Other - Protocol moved to Withdrawn)
A Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing Conventional-Dose Chemotherapy Using Paclitaxel, Ifosfamide, and Cisplatin (TIP) With High-Dose Chemotherapy Using Mobilizing Paclitaxel Plus Ifosfamide Followed by High-Dose Carboplatin and Etoposide (TI-CE) as Firs [NCT02375204]Phase 3420 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-08-05Active, not recruiting
A Phase III Randomized Trial of Adding Vincristine-Topotecan-Cyclophosphamide to Standard Chemotherapy in Initial Treatment of Non-Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma [NCT01231906]Phase 3642 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-11-22Active, not recruiting
A Randomized Study of the Effect of Adjuvant Chemotherapy With Doxorubicin and Ifosfamide With Mesna in the Treatment of High-Grade Adult Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcoma [NCT00001300]Phase 3150 participants Interventional1992-06-30Completed
A Phase II Trial of Response-Adapted Second-Line Therapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma Using Anti-PD-1 Antibody Nivolumab ? ICE Chemotherapy as a Bridge to Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplant (NICE Trial) [NCT03016871]Phase 278 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-04-24Active, not recruiting
A Phase I Study Combining Ibrutinib With Rituximab, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide (R-ICE) in Patients With Relapsed or Primary Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) [NCT02219737]Phase 126 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-09-12Completed
A Pilot Study of Rituximab in Combination With Out-patient Based VGF/F-GIV Salvage Therapies for Relapsed/Refractory CD20+ Lymphomas [NCT00280878]Phase 212 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-01-31Completed
A Perspective Phase I and II Trial of Liposome-encapsulated Doxorubicin (TLC D-99) in Combination With Ifosfamide in Patients With Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma [NCT00289809]Phase 1/Phase 236 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-09-30Completed
A Phase II Study of Concurrent Chemoradiation for The Localized Nasal NK/T-cell Lymphoma [NCT00292695]Phase 233 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-05-31Completed
SIOP Intracranial Germ Cell Tumours Protocol [NCT00293358]Phase 3500 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1997-01-31Completed
A Multicenter, Open Phase Ib Study of the Safety and Efficacy of BEBT-908 Combined With Drugs in the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [NCT06164327]Phase 175 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-12-01Recruiting
A Randomized Controlled Multi-center Clinical Trial on Treatment of Stage I/II NK/T Cell Lymphoma With DDGP Regiment (Gemcitabine,Pegaspargase,Cisplatin,Dexamethasone) [NCT01501136]Phase 4200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-01-31Recruiting
A Phase II Study of Sorafenib With Chemotherapy, Radiation, and Surgery for High-Risk Soft Tissue Sarcomas [NCT02050919]Phase 220 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-12-03Completed
A Phase II Randomized, Open Label Study of Ad-RTS-hIL-12 Monotherapy or Combination With Palifosfamide in Subjects With Recurrent/Metastatic Breast Cancer and Accessible Lesions [NCT01703754]Phase 212 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-03-31Completed
An Open-label,Multicenter Randomised Study of CTOP/ITE/MTX Compared With CHOP as the First-line Therapy for the New Diagnosed Young Patients With T Cell Non-hodgkin Lymphoma [NCT01746992]Phase 4200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-09-30Active, not recruiting
A Phase Ⅱ Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Vinorelbine-ifosfamide With Gefitinib as Third-line Treatment in Advanced EGFR Gene Mutation Negative Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients [NCT01749072]Phase 2120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-12-31Recruiting
A Phase Ib/II Trial of Belotecan and Ifosfamide in Patients With Extensive Disease of Small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT01784107]Phase 1/Phase 245 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-07-31Recruiting
A Pilot Study for the Treatment of Patients With Metastatic and High Risk Sarcomas and Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors [NCT00001209]Phase 1120 participants Interventional1986-10-31Completed
PHASE I/II TRIAL OF TAXOL, IFOSFAMIDE, AND CISPLATIN FOR CISPLATIN-RESISTANT GERM CELL TUMOR PATIENTS WITH FAVORABLE PROGNOSTIC FEATURES [NCT00002559]Phase 1/Phase 243 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1994-01-31Completed
"RANDOMIZED COMPARISON OF ALTERNATING TRIPLE THERAPY (ATT) VERUS CHOP IN PATIENTS WITH INTERMEDIATE GRADE LYMPHOMAS AND IMMUNOBLASTIC LYMPHOMAS WITH INTERNATIONAL INDEX 2-5" [NCT00002565]Phase 361 participants (Actual)Interventional1994-05-25Completed
INTENSIVE THERAPY WITH GROWTH FACTOR SUPPORT FOR PATIENTS WITH EWING'S TUMOR METASTATIC AT DIAGNOSIS: A PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY GROUP PHASE II STUDY [NCT00002643]Phase 2130 participants (Actual)Interventional1995-04-30Completed
HIGH DOSE CHEMORADIOTHERAPY WITH PERIPHERAL BLOOD PROGENITOR CELL TRANSPLANTATION FOR PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY REFRACTORY, RELAPSED AND POOR PROGNOSIS NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA [NCT00002697]Phase 20 participants Interventional1995-09-30Completed
HIGH INTENSITY, BRIEF DURATION CHEMOTHERAPY FOR RELAPSED OR REFRACTORY ALL: A PHASE II STUDY OF A MULTIDRUG REGIMEN [NCT00002865]Phase 225 participants (Actual)Interventional1995-04-30Completed
A Phase I Study of Avelumab Plus Utomilumab-Based Combination Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Mantle Cell Lymphoma [NCT03440567]Phase 116 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-04-02Active, not recruiting
Phase I/Ib Study of Carfilzomib Plus Rituximab Plus Ifosfamide Plus Carboplatin Plus Etoposide (C-R-ICE) in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) [NCT01959698]Phase 129 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-04-17Active, not recruiting
A Randomized Phase II Study of Bortezomib Plus ICE (BICE) Versus Standard ICE for Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma [NCT00967369]Phase 220 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-08-24Completed
Pharmacologic Interaction Between Ifosfamide and Aprepitant in Treated Patients With Soft Tissue Sarcoma [NCT03514381]Phase 459 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-05-18Completed
High Dose Conditioning With Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide With Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients With Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma [NCT02137096]Phase 31 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-06-30Terminated(stopped due to This is a rare disease, and enrollment was poor.)
Treatment of Stage IV Breast Cancer With Activated T Cells After Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant (Pilot Phase II) [NCT00020722]Phase 27 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-08-31Terminated(stopped due to Lack of funding to continue study.)
HIGH INTENSITY, BRIEF DURATION CHEMOTHERAPY FOR DIFFUSE SMALL NONCLEAVED CELL LYMPHOMA AND THE L-3 SUBTYPE OF ALL: A PILOT STUDY OF A MULTIDRUG REGIMEN [NCT00002494]Phase 2134 participants (Actual)Interventional1992-05-31Completed
Pilot Study in AIDS-Related Lymphomas [NCT00002524]Phase 246 participants (Actual)Interventional1993-06-30Completed
Multicenter Study to Optimise Therapy of B-ALL, Burkitt's NHL and High-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Adults (Amend 7) [NCT00199082]Phase 4650 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2002-07-31Completed
METASTASECTOMY AND CHEMOTHERAPY FOR LUNG METASTASES FROM SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA: A RANDOMIZED PHASE III STUDY (AN INTERGROUP STUDY WITH THE SCANDINAVIAN SARCOMA GROUP) [NCT00002764]Phase 3340 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1996-04-30Completed
A Phase I-II Intensive-Dose Ifosfamide, Carboplatin and Taxotere (IC-T) Combination Chemotherapy Followed by Autologous Stem Cell Rescue for Patients With Refractory Malignancies [NCT00003406]Phase 1/Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1997-10-31Completed
A Phase II Study of Whole Blood Hyperthermia and Ice Chemotherapy in Sarcoma Patients [NCT00002974]Phase 234 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1996-07-31Completed
Effects of Rolapitant on Nausea/Vomiting in Patients With Sarcoma Receiving Multi-Day Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy (HEC) With Doxorubicin and Ifosfamide Regimen (AI) [NCT02732015]Phase 237 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-10-12Terminated(stopped due to Terminated per PI's request)
Randomized Study Comparing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Etoposide + Ifosfamide + Adriamycin (EIA) Combined With Regional Hyperthermia (RHT) Versus Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Alone in the Treatment of High-Risk Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Adults [NCT00003052]Phase 3340 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1997-07-31Completed
PHASE I PILOT STUDY OF SEQUENTIAL HIGH DOSE CYCLES OF CISPLATIN, CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE, ETOPOSIDE AND IFOSFAMIDE, CARBOPLATIN AND TAXOL WITH AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELL SUPPORT [NCT00002854]Phase 133 participants (Actual)Interventional1994-12-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Recombinant Human Keratinocyte Growth Factor (rHuKGF) in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies Undergoing Total Body Irradiation (TBI) and High-Dose Chemotherapy With Autologous Peripheral Blood Pro [NCT00004132]Phase 20 participants Interventional2000-01-31Completed
Multicenter Trial for Treatment of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in Adults (Pilot Study 06/99) [NCT00199056]Phase 4225 participants Interventional1999-10-31Completed
Phase I/IIA Study of Sequential Ifosfamide and Topotecan in Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT00004186]Phase 1/Phase 255 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1996-12-31Completed
FaR-RMS: An Overarching Study for Children and Adults With Frontline and Relapsed RhabdoMyoSarcoma [NCT04625907]Phase 1/Phase 21,672 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-09-17Recruiting
Phase I/II Trial of Venetoclax in Combination With R-ICE (V+RICE) Chemotherapy for Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [NCT03064867]Phase 1/Phase 265 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-06-26Active, not recruiting
Pilot Study Using Induction Chemo-immunotherapy Followed by Consolidation With Reduced Toxicity Conditioning and Allogenic Stem Cell Transplant in Advanced Stage Mature Non-anaplastic T-Cell or NK Lymphoma/Leukemia in Children, Adolescents and Young Adult [NCT03719105]Early Phase 140 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-03-01Recruiting
A Randomized, Open-Label Phase 2 Study of Denintuzumab Mafodotin (SGN-CD19A) Plus Rituximab, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide (19A+RICE) Chemotherapy vs. RICE in the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DL [NCT02592876]Phase 281 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-10-31Terminated(stopped due to Sponsor decision based on portfolio prioritization)
Evaluation of Fosaprepitant's Effect on Drug Metabolism in Sarcoma Patients Receiving Ifosfamide-based Multi-day Chemotherapy Regimen [NCT01490060]47 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-05-31Completed
Risk-Adapted Therapy for Patients With Untreated Age-Adjusted International Prognostic Index II or III Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma [NCT00039195]Phase 298 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-30Completed
Phase II Evaluation of Ifosfamide Plus Doxorubicin & Filgrastim Versus Gemcitabine Plus Docetaxel & Filgrastim in the Treatment of Localized Poor Prognosis Soft Tissue Sarcoma [NCT00189137]Phase 284 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-08-31Completed
Non-randomized, Phase II, Open-label Study for Efficacy and Safety of Consolidation Paclitaxel/Ifosfamide/Cisplatin (TIP) Chemotherapy for High Risk Pediatric Germ Cell Tumor [NCT05455918]Phase 242 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-07-26Recruiting
Dasatinib With Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide: A Pediatric Phase I/II Trial [NCT00788125]Phase 1/Phase 27 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-09-03Terminated(stopped due to Terminated early due a shift in resources after lackluster performance of the drug.)
INTERNATIONAL RANDOMIZED STUDY FOR THE SALVAGE TREATMENT OF GERM CELL TUMOURS [NCT00002566]Phase 3280 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1994-02-28Completed
Phase I Study of Romidepsin (ISTODAX®) Plus ICE for Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma [NCT01590732]Phase 122 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-10-29Completed
A Multicenter Study to Evaluate a Risk-adapted Strategy for Treatment of Extra Cranial Non Seminomateous Malignant Germ Cell Tumour in Children and Adolescent [NCT02104986]Phase 2117 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-05-12Completed
Phase III Study on Efficacy of Dose Intensification in Patients With Non-metastatic Ewing Sarcoma. [NCT02063022]Phase 3278 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-22Completed
Treatment Regimen or Children or Adolescent With Mature B-cell NHL or B-AL in China [NCT02405676]Phase 2/Phase 3200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-01-31Active, not recruiting
B-NHL 2013 - Treatment Protocol of the NHL-BFM and the NOPHO Study Groups for Mature Aggressive B-cell Lymphoma and Leukemia in Children and Adolescents [NCT03206671]Phase 3650 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-08-03Recruiting
Treatment Protocol for Relapsed Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma of Childhood and Adolescence [NCT00317408]96 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2004-04-30Active, not recruiting
Phase II Trial Investigating Tailoring First-Line Therapy For Advanced Stage Diffuse Large B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Based on Mid-Treatment Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan Results [NCT00324467]Phase 2150 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-08-31Active, not recruiting
Phase II Trial of Paclitaxel, Cisplatin and Ifosfamide in Patients With Advanced Urothelial Tumors [NCT00002684]Phase 240 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1995-05-31Completed
Phase I/II Study of Samarium 153 as Part of a Double (Sequential) Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant (ABMT) for Patients With Stage IV Breast Cancer [NCT00003086]Phase 1/Phase 212 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1997-03-31Terminated(stopped due to no participants enrolled in a three year period)
A Phase III Trial of Ifosfamide (NSC #109274) Versus Ifosfamide Plus Paclitaxel (NSC #125973) in Patients With Advanced, Persistent or Recurrent Carcinosarcoma (Mixed Mesodermal Tumors) of the Uterus [NCT00003128]Phase 3166 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1997-11-30Completed
Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant Vincristine, Ifosfamide, Doxorubicin, and AND G-CSF in Children With Advanced Stage Non-Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcomas [NCT00002804]Phase 243 participants (Actual)Interventional1996-09-30Completed
EXTRAMEDULLARY RELAPSE AND OCCULT BONE MARROW INVOLVEMENT IN CHILDHOOD ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA: A PHASE III GROUP-WIDE STUDY [NCT00002816]Phase 3120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1996-12-31Completed
Randomized Phase III Trial of Two Investigational Schedules of Ifosfamide vs. Standard Dose Doxorubicin in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma [NCT00003212]Phase 3780 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1998-01-31Completed
RANDOMISED TRIAL OF ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY WITH HIGH-DOSE DOXORUBICIN, IFOSFAMIDE AND LENOGRASTIM IN HIGH GRADE SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA [NCT00002641]Phase 3350 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1995-02-28Completed
A PHASE II STUDY OF NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIATION THERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HIGH-RISK, HIGH-GRADE, SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS OF THE EXTREMITIES AND BODY WALL [NCT00002791]Phase 20 participants Interventional1997-02-28Completed
A Phase II Window Study of Trimetrexate With Simultaneous Leucovorin Protection in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Patients With Metastatic Osteosarcoma [NCT00003776]Phase 20 participants Interventional1998-12-31Completed
Intensive Chemotherapy With Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Support for Small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT00003860]Phase 236 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1998-09-30Completed
High Dose Combined Modality Therapy With Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cell Transplantation as Primary Treatment for Patients With Mantle Cell Lymphoma [NCT00003541]Phase 1/Phase 224 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1998-06-30Completed
Protocol for Patients With Newly-Diagnosed Non-Metastatic Osteosarcoma - A POG/CCG Pilot Intergroup Study [NCT00003937]Phase 3253 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-09-30Completed
A Randomised, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Placebo-Controlled, Three-Way Cross-over Study to Evaluate the Effect of AF-219 on Methacholine Hyper-Reactivity in Subjects With Asthma [NCT01993329]Phase 220 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-12-16Completed
Phase I/II Trial of Sequential Doxorubicin/Gemcitabine (AG) and Ifosfamide, Paclitaxel, and Cisplatin (ITP) Chemotherapy (AG-ITP) in Patients With Metastatic or Locally Advanced Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urothelium [NCT00003105]Phase 1/Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1997-09-30Completed
Randomized Trial of Surgical Resection With or Without Pre-Operative Chemotherapy in Patients With Operable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) of Any Stage [NCT00003159]Phase 3600 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1997-08-31Completed
Response-Adapted Therapy for Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas Based on Early [18F] FDG-PET Scanning [NCT00274924]Phase 2100 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-09-26Completed
A Randomized Prospective Study of Early Intensification Versus Alternating Triple Therapy for Patients With Poor Prognosis Lymphoma [NCT00002835]Phase 3116 participants (Actual)Interventional1995-10-30Completed
A Randomized Phase III Comparative Study of Paclitaxel With Carboplatin Versus Mitomycin, Ifosfamide, Cisplatin (MIC) Chemotherapy in Inoperable Advanced Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT00004887]Phase 30 participants Interventional1999-01-31Active, not recruiting
A Study of Paclitaxel, Cisplatin and Ifosfamide as Induction Therapy in the Treatment of Patients Relapsing After BEP Chemotherapy for Metastatic Germ Cell Tumors [NCT00004077]Phase 225 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1996-05-31Completed
High Dose Ifosfamide, Carboplatin and Etoposide With Amifostine Chemoprotection [NCT00003657]Phase 224 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-07-31Completed
Cytoreduction and Stem Cell Mobilization With Rituximab and ICE for Patients With Refractory or Relapsed CD20+ B-Cell IGL Eligible for ASCT: The RICE Protocol [NCT00005631]Phase 20 participants Interventional1999-11-30Completed
A Phase 1, Open-Label, Dose-Escalation Study of Olaratumab as a Single Agent and in Combination With Doxorubicin, Vincristine/Irinotecan, or High-Dose Ifosfamide in Pediatric Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors [NCT02677116]Phase 168 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-08-29Completed
Alkylator-Intense Conditioning Followed by Autologous Transplantation for Patients With High Risk or Relapsed Solid or CNS Tumors [NCT01505569]20 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-10-20Recruiting
Combination Chemotherapy Followed by Stem Cell Transplant and Isotretinoin in Treating Young Patients With High-risk Neuroblastoma [NCT03042429]Phase 3360 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-01-01Completed
B-cell Mature Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Treatment Protocol in Children and Adolescents 2021 (B-NHL-M-2021) [NCT05518383]Phase 4300 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-05-25Recruiting
Tandem Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (PBSCT) After High Dose Paclitaxel Followed by Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide (ICE) for the Treatment of Lung Cancer [NCT00003284]Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1998-01-31Active, not recruiting
A Protocol For Nonmetastatic Rhabdomyosarcoma [RMS-2005] [NCT00379457]Phase 3600 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-06-30Recruiting
A Global Study of Novel Agents in Paediatric and Adolescent Relapsed and Refractory B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [NCT05991388]Phase 2/Phase 3210 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-10-31Not yet recruiting
A Phase II Trial of Tafasitamab and Lenalidomide Followed by Tafasitamab and ICE as Salvage Therapy for Transplant Eligible Patients With Relapsed/ Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma [NCT05821088]Phase 237 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-06-29Recruiting
The Effect of Antiangiogenic Therapy With Pazopanib Prior to Preoperative Chemotherapy for Subjects With Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A Randomized Study to Evaluate Response by Imaging [NCT01446809]23 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-04-30Completed
A Single Arm, Multi Centers, Phase II Study of Sintilimab, Doxorubicin and Ifosfamide at First-line Treatment of Soft Tissue Sarcoma Including Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma, Synovial Sarcoma, Myxoid Liposarcoma and De-differentiated Liposarcoma [NCT04356872]Phase 245 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-04-08Recruiting
Thrombin Generation and Platelet Activation in Cytoreductive Surgery Combined With Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy [NCT03034850]27 participants (Actual)Observational2015-04-30Completed
A Randomized Trial of the European and American Osteosarcoma Study Group to Optimize Treatment Strategies for Resectable Osteosarcoma Based on Histological Response to Pre-operative Chemotherapy [NCT00134030]Phase 31,334 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-11-14Completed
A Study of Gemcitabine, L- Asparaginase, Ifosfamide, Dexamethasone and Etoposide Chemotherapy Followed by ASCT for Newly Diagnosed Stage IV, Relapsed or Refractory Extranodal Natural Killer/T-cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type [NCT03154918]Phase 260 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-06-01Recruiting
Multicenter Single Arm Phase II Study of Single Agent Palifosfamide in Recurrent and Incurable Germ Cell Tumors [NCT01808534]Phase 25 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-02-28Terminated(stopped due to Due to Low Accrual)
A Phase I/II Trial of Brentuximab Vedotin (BV), Ifosfamide (I), Carboplatin (C), and Etoposide (E) for Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma (BV-ICE) [NCT02227199]Phase 1/Phase 245 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-10-10Active, not recruiting
Dose/Schedule Finding Study of Palonosetron in Sarcoma Patients Receiving Multi-Day Chemotherapy With Adriamycin and Ifosfamide (AI) [NCT00410488]51 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-12-31Completed
A Single-arm, Open, Multicenter Study of Apatinib Mesylate Combined With Doxorubicin and Ifosfamide in Advanced Soft-tissue Sarcoma [NCT04012827]Phase 2108 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-08-20Recruiting
LS1781: Phase 2 Trial of High Dose Intravenous Ascorbic Acid as an Adjunct to Salvage Chemotherapy in Relapsed / Refractory Lymphoma and Patients With Clonal Cytopenia of Undetermined Significance [NCT03418038]Phase 255 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-03-23Recruiting
An Intention-to-Treat Study of Salvage Chemotherapy Followed by Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for the Treatment of High-Risk or Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma [NCT00574496]Phase 225 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-11-13Completed
A Pilot Phase II Study of Pre-Operative Radiation Therapy and Thalidomide (IND 48832; NSC 66847) for Low Grade Primary Soft Tissue Sarcoma or Pre-Operative MAID/Thalidomide/Radiation Therapy for High/Intermediate Grade Primary Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the E [NCT00089544]Phase 223 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-06-17Terminated
International Collaborative Treatment Protocol For Children And Adolescents With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia [NCT01117441]Phase 36,136 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-06-30Completed
A Pilot Study of Low-Dose Antiangiogenic Chemotherapy in Combination With Standard Multiagent Chemotherapy for Patients With Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors [NCT00061893]Phase 238 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-04-30Completed
A Randomized Phase III Study of Sequential High-Dose Cisplatinum/Etoposide/Ifosfamide Plus Stem Cell Support Versus BEP in Patients With Poor Prognosis Germ Cell Cancer [NCT00003941]Phase 3222 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1999-04-30Completed
A Randomized Pre-Phase II Trial of Interleukin-2, Interleukin-12, or No Additional Therapy Following Response to Ifosfamide/Etoposide Chemotherapy for Refractory HIV-Associated Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT00003575]Phase 240 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-01-31Completed
A Randomized Phase III Study of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Versus Radiotherapy Alone as Adjuvant Treatment to Patients With Node Positive Stages IB or IIA Cervix Cancer [NCT00003209]Phase 3700 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1997-12-31Completed
A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Recombinant Human Keratinocyte Growth Factor (rHuKGF) in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies Undergoing Total Body Irradiation (TBI) and High-Dose Chemotherapy With Autologous Peripheral Blood [NCT00004061]Phase 2111 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1999-05-31Completed
Treatment of Sarcomatous Kidney Cancer That is Metastatic in Adults With Doxorubicin and Ifosfamide. Phase II Study [NCT00003683]Phase 240 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1998-03-31Completed
An Open, Single Arm, Single Center Phase II Study of Adriamycin and Ifosfamide Combined With Sintilimab in the Treatment of Advanced or Unresectable Soft Tissue Sarcoma [NCT04589754]Phase 269 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-07-26Recruiting
Prospective Phase II Study of a High Dose, Short Course Regimen (R-CODOX-M/IVAC) Including CNS Penetration and Intensive IT Prophylaxis in HIV-Associated Burkitt's and Atypical Burkitt's Lymphoma [NCT00392834]Phase 234 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-09-30Completed
A Pilot Study of Whole-body MRI-guided Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Combined With Systemic Chemotherapy Followed by High-Dose Chemotherapy With Busulfan, Melphalan and Topotecan and Stem Cell Rescue in Patients With Poor Risk Ewing's Sarcoma [NCT01795430]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-07-31Withdrawn(stopped due to No participants enrolled.)
A Phase I/II Study of Vorinostat Plus Rituximab, Ifosphamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide for Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Lymphoid Malignancies or Untreated T- or Mantle Cell Lymphoma [NCT00601718]Phase 1/Phase 229 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-12-31Completed
A Phase II Trial of Ifosfamide, Etoposide, Cytarabine, and Methotrexate (IVAM) Chemotherapy for Refractory or Relapsed Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma [NCT03383406]Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-12-01Enrolling by invitation
Concurrent Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy for Newly Diagnosed Patients With Stage I/II Nasal NK Cell Lymphoma [NCT02106988]Phase 240 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-01-16Recruiting
Study With High Doses of Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy and Consolidation Therapy With Ciclofosfamide and Anticyclooxygenase 2, for the Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma [NCT02727387]Phase 2155 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-01Completed
Chemoimmunotherapy With Obinutuzumab, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin and Etoposide (O-ICE) in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults With Recurrent Refractory CD20+ Mature B-NHL [NCT02393157]Phase 225 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-08-21Recruiting
Phase I/II, Open-Label Study of R-ICE (Rituximab-Ifosfamide-Carboplatin-Etoposide) With Lenalidomide (R2-ICE) in Patients With First-Relapse/Primary Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) [NCT02628405]Phase 1/Phase 263 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-05-20Active, not recruiting
A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of a Sintilimab Plus ICE Regimen Versus a Placebo Plus ICE Regimen in Classic Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patients With First-line Standard Chemotherapy [NCT04044222]Phase 3240 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-10-21Recruiting
High-Risk Neuroblastoma Study 2 of SIOP-Europa-Neuroblastoma (SIOPEN) [NCT04221035]Phase 3800 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-11-05Recruiting
International Protocol for the Treatment of Childhood Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma [NCT00006455]Phase 3885 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-11-26Completed
The Efficacy of Whole-ventricle Irradiation Plus Primary Boost in Patients With Localized Basal Ganglia Germ Cell Tumors: Prospective Phase II Study [NCT05124951]Phase 2150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-09-15Recruiting
An Evaluation of PET/CT Imaging as a Predictor of Disease Free Survival Following Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Soft Tissue Sarcoma [NCT00346125]70 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-04-10Completed
ABCB1/P-glycoprotein Expression as Biologic Stratification Factor for Patients With Non Metastatic Osteosarcoma - Prospective Study (ISG/OS-2) [NCT01459484]Phase 2225 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-06-23Active, not recruiting
A Randomized Trial Using a Modified COG ABFM Regimen Backbone to Investigate Capizzi Escalating Methotrexate Versus High Dose Methotrexate in Children With Newly Diagnosed T-cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (T-LBL) [NCT05681260]Phase 3200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-02-06Recruiting
A Mechanistic Study Of Mifamurtide (MTP-PE) In Patients With Metastatic And/Or Recurrent Osteosarcoma [NCT02441309]Phase 28 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-10-31Terminated(stopped due to Failed to recruit sufficient numbers of patients in the funded period)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

TrialOutcome
NCT00002558 (1) [back to overview]Overall Objective Response
NCT00002601 (4) [back to overview]5-year Overall Survival
NCT00002601 (4) [back to overview]5-year Progression-free Survival
NCT00002601 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Grade 3 Bilirubin
NCT00002601 (4) [back to overview]Toxicities Counts
NCT00002931 (3) [back to overview]Toxic Effects
NCT00002931 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00002931 (3) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival
NCT00003631 (1) [back to overview]Objective Response
NCT00039130 (3) [back to overview]2 Year Overall Survival
NCT00039130 (3) [back to overview]2 Year Event Free Survival
NCT00039130 (3) [back to overview]Complete Response Rate
NCT00039195 (1) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival
NCT00047320 (6) [back to overview]Number of Patients Experiencing Toxic Death
NCT00047320 (6) [back to overview]Response to Induction Chemotherapy
NCT00047320 (6) [back to overview]The Probability of Event-free Survival (EFS)
NCT00047320 (6) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS)
NCT00047320 (6) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT00047320 (6) [back to overview]Occurrence of Non-hematological Grade 4 Toxicity Occurrence of Nonhematological Grade 4 Toxicity
NCT00061893 (2) [back to overview]Event Free Survival
NCT00061893 (2) [back to overview]Occurrence of Severe Toxicity
NCT00072280 (1) [back to overview]"Failure-free Survival (FFS) in Chemotherapy Plus Possible Surgery Arm"
NCT00089544 (1) [back to overview]Treatment Delivery With Compliance Defined as Receiving at Least 95% of the Pre-operative Protocol Dose of RT, All 3 Cycles of MAID (if Applicable), and Receive Thalidomide on 75% of the Days During Radiation
NCT00104676 (2) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00104676 (2) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival Rate After 1 Course of Treatment
NCT00126191 (2) [back to overview]Response Rates (CR and PR) in Adults With Burkitt/Atypical Burkitt
NCT00126191 (2) [back to overview]Disease Free Survival
NCT00134030 (3) [back to overview]Event-free Survival (EFS)
NCT00134030 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients With Overall Survival
NCT00134030 (3) [back to overview]Toxicity as Measured by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v3.0
NCT00147225 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events in Sequential Cohort Dose Escalation Study of AMG 531 Following Chemotherapy
NCT00147225 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Related Serious Adverse Events in Sequential Cohort Dose Escalation Study of AMG 531 Following Chemotherapy
NCT00189137 (2) [back to overview]The Percentage of Patients Alive Without Disease at 2 Years
NCT00189137 (2) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Hospitalized in Each Arm.
NCT00231842 (1) [back to overview]Cycles With Hematologic Toxicities
NCT00245011 (3) [back to overview]Toxicity at End of Study Treatment
NCT00245011 (3) [back to overview]Tumor Response
NCT00245011 (3) [back to overview]Overall and Progression-free Survival After Study Treatment
NCT00255723 (1) [back to overview]Overall Objective Response
NCT00267046 (2) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence Rate of Oral Mucositis
NCT00267046 (2) [back to overview]Median Maximum Score for Patient Reported Outcomes in 2 Blinded Cycles
NCT00274924 (2) [back to overview]2-year Progression-Free Survival (PFS)
NCT00274924 (2) [back to overview]5-year Overall Survival
NCT00302003 (4) [back to overview]Event Free Survival Without Receiving Radiation Therapy (EFSnoRT).
NCT00302003 (4) [back to overview]Intensive Therapy Free Survival (ITFS).
NCT00302003 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00302003 (4) [back to overview]Event Free Survival (EFS)
NCT00304083 (5) [back to overview]Provide Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation of the Number of Participants With NF1-associated MPNSTs.
NCT00304083 (5) [back to overview]Perform Pathologic Analysis of Tumor Samples to Analyze the Number of Participants With Markers as Predictors of Response
NCT00304083 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Response Rate (Complete Response and Partial Response)
NCT00304083 (5) [back to overview]Identify the Number of Participants With a Serum Biomarker to Predict the Presence of MPNST Versus Benign Plexiform Neurofibroma
NCT00304083 (5) [back to overview]Construct Tissue Microarray to Identify Novel Targets for Treatment for the Number of Participants With Available Tissue
NCT00346164 (11) [back to overview]Degree of Agreement in Histologic Grade Determined by the Enrolling Institution Versus by Central Pathology Reviewers
NCT00346164 (11) [back to overview]Complete or Partial Response Rate
NCT00346164 (11) [back to overview]Event Free Survival Probability Disease Extent
NCT00346164 (11) [back to overview]Event Free Survival Probability Histologic Grade
NCT00346164 (11) [back to overview]Degree of Agreement in Histologic Grade Between Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) and Fédération Nationale Des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer (FNCLCC) Pathologic Grading Systems
NCT00346164 (11) [back to overview]Toxicity Rate
NCT00346164 (11) [back to overview]Probability for Event Free Survival.
NCT00346164 (11) [back to overview]Percent Tumor Necrosis
NCT00346164 (11) [back to overview]Overall Survival Probability Extent of Resection of the Primary Tumor
NCT00346164 (11) [back to overview]Overall Survival Probability Disease Extent
NCT00346164 (11) [back to overview]Incidence of Distant Metastasis
NCT00354107 (1) [back to overview]Response
NCT00354744 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Event Free at 4 Years Following Study Entry
NCT00354744 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Experiencing Adverse Events Due to Concurrent Therapy
NCT00354744 (3) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Complete or Partial Response Assessed by RECIST Criteria
NCT00381940 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Grade 3 or 4 Toxicity
NCT00381940 (5) [back to overview]Rate of Successful PBSC Harvest
NCT00381940 (5) [back to overview]Complete Response (CR)
NCT00381940 (5) [back to overview]Overall Response Rate
NCT00381940 (5) [back to overview]Induction Success Rate
NCT00392834 (1) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS) at 1 Year
NCT00392990 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS) of Patients With Burkitt's and Burkitt-like Lymphoma/Leukemia Treated With Modified Magrath Regimen
NCT00392990 (4) [back to overview]Safety of Patients With Burkitt's and Burkitt-like Lymphoma/Leukemia Treated With Modified Magrath Regimen (Addition of Rituximab, Subsitution of Adriamycin for Doxil and Using Lower Dose of Methotrexate)
NCT00392990 (4) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS) of Patients With Burkitt's and Burkitt-like Lymphoma/Leukemia Treated With Modified Magrath Regimen
NCT00392990 (4) [back to overview]Overall Response Rate (ORR) of Patients With Burkitt's and Burkitt-like Lymphoma/Leukemia Treated With Modified Magrath Regimen
NCT00410488 (1) [back to overview]Palonosetron Response Rate in the 10 Day Study Cycle
NCT00423852 (2) [back to overview]Response
NCT00423852 (2) [back to overview]Maximum Tolerated Dose of Ifosfamide
NCT00432094 (5) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT00432094 (5) [back to overview]Disease-free Survival (DFS)
NCT00432094 (5) [back to overview]Engraftment of Neutrophils
NCT00432094 (5) [back to overview]Engraftment of Platelets
NCT00432094 (5) [back to overview]Numbers of Patients Unable to Mobilize Peripheral Blood Stem Cells
NCT00450801 (4) [back to overview]Number of Patients Experiencing Adverse Events.
NCT00450801 (4) [back to overview]Response Rate
NCT00450801 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival Rate
NCT00450801 (4) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival Rate
NCT00467051 (2) [back to overview]Response Rate as Measured by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) Criteria
NCT00467051 (2) [back to overview]The Number of Patients Who Experience at Least One Grade 3 or Higher CTC Version 4 Toxicity.
NCT00470366 (3) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Treatment Related Toxicity
NCT00470366 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Progression Free Survival
NCT00470366 (3) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival
NCT00499343 (1) [back to overview]CD34+ Cells/kg in Blood Stem Cells
NCT00504751 (1) [back to overview]Complete Response
NCT00512096 (1) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Pathologic Complete Remission (pCR)
NCT00544778 (1) [back to overview]Response Rate
NCT00574496 (3) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival at 1 Year
NCT00574496 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00574496 (3) [back to overview]Disease Relapse or Progression as Measured by CT Scan or PET
NCT00588094 (1) [back to overview]Improve the Overall Response Rate
NCT00601718 (4) [back to overview]Ability to Proceed to Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Collection Following Treatment
NCT00601718 (4) [back to overview]Safety and Toxicity According to CTCAE v3.0
NCT00601718 (4) [back to overview]Maximum Tolerated Dose of Vorinostat
NCT00601718 (4) [back to overview]Efficacy (Response Rate) of Vorinostat Combined With RICE Chemotherapy
NCT00618813 (5) [back to overview]Incidence Rate (Number of Participants) of Dose-limiting Toxicity (DLT) - Week 29 to Week 37
NCT00618813 (5) [back to overview]Incidence Rate (Number of Participants) of Dose-limiting Toxicity (DLT) - Enrollment to Week 12
NCT00618813 (5) [back to overview]Incidence Rate (Number of Participants) of Dose-limiting Toxicity (DLT) - Week 13 to Week 22
NCT00618813 (5) [back to overview]Incidence Rate (Number of Participants) of Dose-limiting Toxicity (DLT) - Week 23 to Week 28
NCT00618813 (5) [back to overview]Incidence of Death
NCT00667342 (18) [back to overview]2-Year Event Free Survival (EFS) in Patients With Localized Resectable Disease Compared to St. Jude OS99 Protocol.
NCT00667342 (18) [back to overview]2-Year Event Free Survival (EFS) of Patients With Osteosarcoma
NCT00667342 (18) [back to overview]3-Year Event Free Survival
NCT00667342 (18) [back to overview]Mean Duration of Neuropathic Pain
NCT00667342 (18) [back to overview]2-Year Overall Survival (OS) in Patients With Localized Resectable Disease Compared to OS99 Protocol.
NCT00667342 (18) [back to overview]Mean Duration of Neuropathic Pain Medication
NCT00667342 (18) [back to overview]Median Duration of Neuropathic Pain
NCT00667342 (18) [back to overview]Median Duration of Neuropathic Pain Medication
NCT00667342 (18) [back to overview]Mean Vp
NCT00667342 (18) [back to overview]Mean Ktrans
NCT00667342 (18) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Neuropathic Pain (NP) Following Surgery
NCT00667342 (18) [back to overview]Ktrans by Good and Poor Response
NCT00667342 (18) [back to overview]2-Year Overall Survival (OS) of Patients With Osteosarcoma
NCT00667342 (18) [back to overview]Mean Ve
NCT00667342 (18) [back to overview]Difference Between Good and Poor Response by SUVmax
NCT00667342 (18) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Unacceptable Toxicity
NCT00667342 (18) [back to overview]Histologic Response by Stratum
NCT00667342 (18) [back to overview]P95 of Ktrans by Good and Poor Response
NCT00712582 (2) [back to overview]2-year PFS From the Start of Induction Therapy Conditional
NCT00712582 (2) [back to overview]Overall Survival at 1 Year
NCT00720109 (5) [back to overview]Percent of Patients MRD Positive (MRD > 0.01%) at End of Consolidation
NCT00720109 (5) [back to overview]Contribution of Dasatinib on Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) After Induction Therapy
NCT00720109 (5) [back to overview]Event-Free Survival (EFS) of Patients With Standard-risk Disease Treated With Dasatinib in Combination With Intensified Chemotherapy
NCT00720109 (5) [back to overview]Feasibility and Toxicity of an Intensified Chemotherapeutic Regimen Incorporating Dasatinib for Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Ph+ ALL Assessed by Examining Adverse Events
NCT00720109 (5) [back to overview]Overall EFS Rate for the Combined Cohort of Standard- and High-Risk Patients (Who Receive the Final Chosen Dose of Dasatinib)
NCT00742924 (1) [back to overview]Limiting Toxicity
NCT00788125 (1) [back to overview]Maximum Administered Dose of Dasatinib (Phase I)
NCT00796120 (5) [back to overview]Progression - Free Survival (PFS)
NCT00796120 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Objective Response
NCT00796120 (5) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00796120 (5) [back to overview]6-month Progression - Free Survival
NCT00796120 (5) [back to overview]Duration of Response (DOR)
NCT00954174 (7) [back to overview]Patient-reported Peripheral Neuropathy Symptoms - Post Baseline
NCT00954174 (7) [back to overview]Patient Reported Quality of Life (QOL) - Post Baseline
NCT00954174 (7) [back to overview]Duration of Progression-free Survival
NCT00954174 (7) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00954174 (7) [back to overview]Patient Reported Peripheral Neuropathy Symptoms - Baseline
NCT00954174 (7) [back to overview]Patient-Reported Quality of Life (QOL) - Baseline
NCT00954174 (7) [back to overview]Incidence of Adverse Events as Assessed by CTCAE Version 3.0
NCT00960063 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Developed Anti-robatumumab Antibodies
NCT00960063 (3) [back to overview]Best Overall Response Based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST)
NCT00960063 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Dose Limiting Toxicities
NCT00967369 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS) Rate at 24 Months
NCT00967369 (4) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS) Rate at 12 Months
NCT00967369 (4) [back to overview]Overall Response After 3 Cycles of Botezomib Plus ICE (BICE) Versus Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide (ICE) in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
NCT00967369 (4) [back to overview]PET Scan Response After 3 Cycles of BICE Versus ICE Chemotherapy.
NCT01026220 (7) [back to overview]Grade 3 and 4 Non-hematologic Toxicities During Protocol Therapy
NCT01026220 (7) [back to overview]Relapse-free Survival
NCT01026220 (7) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01026220 (7) [back to overview]Second-event-free Survival
NCT01026220 (7) [back to overview]Safety Analysis and Monitoring of Toxic Death
NCT01026220 (7) [back to overview]Event-free Survival for Rapid Early Response (RER) Positron Emission Tomography(PET)-1 Positive, RER PET-1 Negative
NCT01026220 (7) [back to overview]Event Free Survival
NCT01055314 (5) [back to overview]Feasibility of the Addition of Cixutumumab to Chemotherapy Determined by Patient Enrollment
NCT01055314 (5) [back to overview]Feasibility of the Addition of Temozolomide to Chemotherapy Determined by Patient Enrollment
NCT01055314 (5) [back to overview]Incidence of Adverse Events Assessed by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0
NCT01055314 (5) [back to overview]Event-Free Survival
NCT01055314 (5) [back to overview]Response Rate (CR + PR)
NCT01097057 (4) [back to overview]Total Number of Participants Who Did Not Collect ≥5 x 10^6 CD34 Cells/kg in a Maximum of Four Apheresis Days
NCT01097057 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants Requiring One or Two Apheresis Collection Days to Reach ≥5 x 10^6 CD34 Cells/kg
NCT01097057 (4) [back to overview]Number of Patients to Mobilize ≥5 x 10^6 CD34 Cells/kg Autologous PBSC (Efficacy)
NCT01097057 (4) [back to overview]Number of Patients Who Achieved ≥5 x 10^6 CD34 Cells/kg in ≤4 Apheresis Days
NCT01169636 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Complete Remission (CR)
NCT01169636 (3) [back to overview]Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Panobinostat + ICE
NCT01169636 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Failure Free Survival (FFS)
NCT01231906 (1) [back to overview]Event-Free Survival
NCT01329900 (1) [back to overview]Mobilization Rate
NCT01446809 (7) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival
NCT01446809 (7) [back to overview]Change in Maximum SUV of Tumors Measured by FDG-PET Pre- and Post Receipt of Pazopanib Versus Placebo
NCT01446809 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Pathologic Response at the Time of Surgery as Measured by % Tumor Viability ( >= 95% Necrosis)
NCT01446809 (7) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01446809 (7) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetic Profile of Pazopanib
NCT01446809 (7) [back to overview]Change in Levels of VEGF and Soluble VEGFR2 Assessed by ELISA on Plasma and Tumor Extracts
NCT01446809 (7) [back to overview]Change in Maximum SUV of Tumors Measured by FDG-PET Post Receipt of 2 Courses of Preoperative Chemotherapy
NCT01490060 (1) [back to overview]Complete Response
NCT01602666 (6) [back to overview]Estimation of the PFS Distribution of Patients With NGGCT Treated With Involved-field Radiation Therapy (IFR)
NCT01602666 (6) [back to overview]Estimation of the PFS Distribution of Patients With Localized Germinoma Patients and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Serum hCGbeta of 50 mIU/mL or Less or CSF Serum hCGbeta Greater Than 50 mIU/mL and Less Than or Equal to 100 mIU/mL
NCT01602666 (6) [back to overview]Estimation of the OS Distribution of Patients With Localized Germinoma Patients and CSF Serum hCGbeta of 50 mIU/mL or Less or CSF Serum hCGbeta Greater Than 50 mIU/mL and Less Than or Equal to 100 mIU/mL
NCT01602666 (6) [back to overview]Estimation of the Overall Survival (OS) Distribution of Patients With NGGCT Treated With IFR Assessed
NCT01602666 (6) [back to overview]3-year Progression-free Survival (PFS) Rate of Patients With Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor (NGGCT) Who Were Treated With Reduced Dose Whole Ventricular-field Irradiation
NCT01602666 (6) [back to overview]3-year PFS Rate of Patients With Localized CNS Germinoma Who Were Treated With Reduced Dose Radiation Therapy
NCT01808534 (5) [back to overview]Treatment Related Adverse Events Grade 3 or Higher
NCT01808534 (5) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT01808534 (5) [back to overview]Duration of Remission in Patients Who Achieve a Partial or Complete Response
NCT01808534 (5) [back to overview]Overall Response Rate (Defined as Partial Response or Complete Response)
NCT01808534 (5) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01946529 (1) [back to overview]Response to Window Therapy (2 Courses) for Group B (High-risk) - ESFT Participants
NCT01959698 (6) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT01959698 (6) [back to overview]Complete Response Rate According to the International Working Group Response Criteria as Reported by the Revised Cheson Criteria
NCT01959698 (6) [back to overview]MTD Defined as the Dose of Carfilzomib Added to Standard R-ICE Chemotherapy Which, if Exceeded, Would Put the Patient at an Undesirable Risk of Medically Unacceptable Dose-limiting Toxicities (Phase I)
NCT01959698 (6) [back to overview]Overall Response Rate (PR + CR)
NCT01959698 (6) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival
NCT01959698 (6) [back to overview]Toxicity of the Addition of Carfilzomib to R-ICE at the MTD, Assessed by the CTEP Version 4.0 of the NCI CTCAE
NCT01979536 (3) [back to overview]Prognostic Significance of Minimal Residual Disease
NCT01979536 (3) [back to overview]Occurrence of Grade 3+ Non-hematologic Adverse Events
NCT01979536 (3) [back to overview]Event Free Survival (EFS)
NCT01993329 (2) [back to overview]Highest FEV1 After Methacholine Challenge
NCT01993329 (2) [back to overview]Provocative Concentration (PC20) After Methacholine Challenge
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Tmax of Itacitinib in Combination With Parsaclisib
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Parts 1 and 2: Cmax of Parsaclisib as Monotherapy and in Combination With Itacitinib
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Parts 1 and 2: Cmin of Parsaclisib as Monotherapy and in Combination With Itacitinib
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Parts 1 and 2: Tmax of Parsaclisib as Monotherapy and in Combination With Itacitinib
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Parts 1 and 2: AUC0-τ of Parsaclisib as Monotherapy and in Combination With Itacitinib
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Parts 1 and 2: AUC0-t of Parsaclisib as Monotherapy and in Combination With Itacitinib
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Part 6: ORR (Sum of Participants With CR and PR) Based on the Revised Response Criteria for HL and NHL, Using PET-CT and CT
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Part 1: ORR (Sum of Participants With CR and PR) Based on the Revised Response Criteria for Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), Using Positron Emission Tomography-computed Tomography (PET-CT) and CT
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Cmin of Itacitinib in Combination With Parsaclisib
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Part 1: ORR Based on the VIth International Workshop on Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM) Response Assessment for Participants With WM
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Part 1: Overall Response Rate (Percentage of Participants With Complete Response [CR] and Partial Response [PR]) Based on International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (IWCLL) Criteria for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) for CLL Participants
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Part 3: Tmax of Parsaclisib Monotherapy
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Part 3: Cmin of Parsaclisib Monotherapy
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Part 3: Cmax of Parsaclisib Monotherapy
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Part 3: AUC0-τ of Parsaclisib Monotherapy
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Part 2: Overall Response Rate (Percentage of Participants With CR and PR) Based on IWCLL Criteria for CLL for Participants With CLL
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]AUC0-τ of Itacitinib in Combination With Parsaclisib
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]AUC0-t of Itacitinib in Combination With Parsaclisib
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Part 2: ORR (Sum of Participants With CR and PR) Based on the Revised Response Criteria for HL and NHL, Using PET-CT and CT
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Part 2: ORR (Sum of Participants With CR and PR) Based on the Revised Response Criteria for HL and NHL, Using PET-CT and CT
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Part 1: ORR (Sum of Participants With CR and PR) Based on the Revised Response Criteria for Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), Using Positron Emission Tomography-computed Tomography (PET-CT) and CT
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Part 1: ORR (Sum of Participants With CR and PR) Based on the Revised Response Criteria for Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), Using Positron Emission Tomography-computed Tomography (PET-CT) and CT
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Part 1: ORR (Sum of Participants With CR and PR) Based on the Revised Response Criteria for Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), Using Positron Emission Tomography-computed Tomography (PET-CT) and CT
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Part 1: ORR (Sum of Participants With CR and PR) Based on the Revised Response Criteria for Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), Using Positron Emission Tomography-computed Tomography (PET-CT) and CT
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Part 3: AUC0-t of Parsaclisib Monotherapy
NCT02018861 (27) [back to overview]Cmax of Itacitinib in Combination With Parsaclisib
NCT02050919 (7) [back to overview]Pathologic Response Rate, Defined as the Percentage of Participants With Greater Than or Equal to 95% Necrosis.
NCT02050919 (7) [back to overview]Overall Survival at 2 Years
NCT02050919 (7) [back to overview]Overall Disease-free Survival (Stage IIB-III Patients)
NCT02050919 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Wound Complications
NCT02050919 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Local Recurrence
NCT02050919 (7) [back to overview]Number of Grade 3-4 Adverse Events
NCT02050919 (7) [back to overview]Distant Disease-free Survival (Stage IIB-III Patients)
NCT02112916 (6) [back to overview]Event-free Survival (EFS) for Modified Augmented Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster Backbone With or Without Bortezomib in All Randomized Patients
NCT02112916 (6) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence Rates of Isolated Central Nervous System (CNS) Relapse for SR and IR T-ALL Patients on the Non-bortezomib Containing Arm on This Study (no CRT) and Similar Patients on AALL0434 (Receive CRT)
NCT02112916 (6) [back to overview]Toxicity Rates Associated With Modified Standard Therapy, Including Dexamethasone and Additional Pegaspargase
NCT02112916 (6) [back to overview]EFS for Standard (SR) and Intermediate Risk (IR) T-ALL Patients on the Non-bortezomib Containing Arm on This Study (no Cranial Radiation Therapy [CRT]) and Similar Patients on AALL0434 (Received CRT)
NCT02112916 (6) [back to overview]EFS for Very High Risk (VHR) T-ALL Patients Treated With High Risk (HR) Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (BFM) Intensification Blocks Who Become Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Negative and Those Who Remain MRD Positive at the End of HR Block 3
NCT02112916 (6) [back to overview]EFS for Very High Risk (VHR) T-LLy Patients Treated With HR Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (BFM) Intensification Blocks Who Have Complete or Partial Remission and Those Who do Not Respond
NCT02180867 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Radiotherapy Patients With Positive Pathologic Response at Week 10
NCT02180867 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Chemoradiotherapy Patients With Positive Pathologic Response at Week 13
NCT02180867 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Who Experienced Grade 3 or Higher Toxicity Assessed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE)
NCT02180867 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients Who Experienced Grade 3 or Higher Toxicity Assessed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE)
NCT02180867 (6) [back to overview]Feasible Dose: Pediatric
NCT02180867 (6) [back to overview]Feasible Dose: Adult
NCT02227199 (4) [back to overview]2 Year Progression-free Survival
NCT02227199 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Patients That Achieve a Complete Remission Following Study Treatment
NCT02227199 (4) [back to overview]2 Year Overall Survival
NCT02227199 (4) [back to overview]Maximum Tolerated Dose of Brentuximab Vedotin That Can be Combined With Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide Chemotherapy
NCT02306161 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT02306161 (3) [back to overview]Frequency of Toxicity-events
NCT02306161 (3) [back to overview]Event-free Survival
NCT02393859 (12) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Concentration at Steady State (Css) (Blinatumomab Arm Only)
NCT02393859 (12) [back to overview]Kaplan Meier Estimate: Event-Free Survival (EFS; Primary Analysis)
NCT02393859 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Anti-Blinatumomab Antibodies Postbaseline (Blinatumomab Arm Only)
NCT02393859 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Shifts From Baseline Grade 0 or 1 to Worst Postbaseline Grade 3 or 4 Clinical Chemistry and Hematology Values
NCT02393859 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With TEAEs of Interest
NCT02393859 (12) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Treatment-Related Adverse Events (TRAEs)
NCT02393859 (12) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With an MRD Response Within 29 Days of Treatment Initiation
NCT02393859 (12) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Clearance (CL) (Blinatumomab Arm Only)
NCT02393859 (12) [back to overview]Kaplan-Meier Estimate of 100-Day Mortality After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (alloHSCT)
NCT02393859 (12) [back to overview]Kaplan Meier Estimate: Overall Survival (OS)
NCT02393859 (12) [back to overview]Kaplan Meier Estimate: EFS (Final Analysis)
NCT02393859 (12) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Relapse (CIR)
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B: Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B: Number of Participants With Shift From Baseline to Worst Post Baseline Measurements on Urine DipStick for Proteinuria
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B: Plasma Concentrations of Lenvatinib
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B: Plasma Concentrations of Lenvatinib
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohorts 1, 2B, 3A, and 3B: Number of Participants With Best Overall Response (BOR)
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B: Overall Survival (OS)
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohort 2B, 3B: Percent Change From Baseline in Serum Biomarkers Level
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B: Number of Participants Who Experienced Disease Control
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B: Number of Participants Experienced Clinical Benefit
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B: Duration of Response (DOR)
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohort 3A: Recommended Dose (RD) of Lenvatinib When Given in Combination With Etoposide and Ifosfamide
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohort 2A: Number of Participants With Objective Response (OR) of Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR)
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Recommended Dose (RD) of Lenvatinib
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B: Progression-free Survival (PFS)
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B: Time to Progression (TTP)
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohorts 1, 2B, 3A, and 3B: Objective Response Rate (ORR)
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohorts 2B and 3B: Progression-free Survival (PFS) Rate at Month 4
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohort 2A: Number of Participants With Best Overall Response (BOR)
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohort 2B, 3B: Percent Change From Baseline in Serum Biomarkers Level
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B: Number of Participants Categorized Based on Overall Acceptability Questionnaire Responses for Suspension of Lenvatinib
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B: Number of Participants With Most Frequent Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) Related to Lenvatinib Exposure
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B: Number of Participants With Shift From Baseline to Worst Post Baseline Score in Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) Scores
NCT02432274 (23) [back to overview]Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B: Number of Participants With Shift From Baseline to Worst Post Baseline Score in Lansky Performance Play Score
NCT02441309 (5) [back to overview]Number of Patients Experiencing a Laboratory Abnormality (Grade 3-4)
NCT02441309 (5) [back to overview]Number of Patients Experiencing a Grade 3 or More Severe Adverse Event (Graded According to CTCAE Criteria v4.0)
NCT02441309 (5) [back to overview]Disease Specific Overall Survival
NCT02441309 (5) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival
NCT02441309 (5) [back to overview]Objective Radiological Response Based on RECIST v1.1
NCT02592876 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Laboratory Abnormalities
NCT02592876 (10) [back to overview]Number of Patients Achieving Peripheral Blood Stem Cell (PBSC) Mobilization
NCT02592876 (10) [back to overview]Number of Patients Receiving Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT)
NCT02592876 (10) [back to overview]Objective Response Rate (ORR)
NCT02592876 (10) [back to overview]Complete Remission Rate Per Independent Review Facility
NCT02592876 (10) [back to overview]Duration of Complete Response (CR)
NCT02592876 (10) [back to overview]Duration of Objective Response (OR)
NCT02592876 (10) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT02592876 (10) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS)
NCT02592876 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT02677116 (16) [back to overview]PK: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of Olaratumab Part B
NCT02677116 (16) [back to overview]PK: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of Olaratumab Part B
NCT02677116 (16) [back to overview]PK: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of Olaratumab Part C
NCT02677116 (16) [back to overview]PK: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of Olaratumab Part C
NCT02677116 (16) [back to overview]PK: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of Olaratumab Part C
NCT02677116 (16) [back to overview]PK: Trough Serum Minimum Concentration (Cmin) of Olaratumab Part A
NCT02677116 (16) [back to overview]PK: Trough Serum Minimum Concentration (Cmin) of Olaratumab Part A
NCT02677116 (16) [back to overview]PK: Trough Serum Minimum Concentration (Cmin) of Olaratumab Part A
NCT02677116 (16) [back to overview]PK: Trough Serum Minimum Concentration (Cmin) of Olaratumab Part B
NCT02677116 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Treatment Emergent (TE) Positive Anti-Olaratumab Antibodies
NCT02677116 (16) [back to overview]PK: Trough Serum Minimum Concentration (Cmin) of Olaratumab Part C
NCT02677116 (16) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Olaratumab Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs)
NCT02677116 (16) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With a Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) (Objective Response Rate [ORR])
NCT02677116 (16) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT02677116 (16) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of Olaratumab Part A
NCT02677116 (16) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of Olaratumab Part A
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 1: Apparent (Oral) Plasma Clearance (CL/F) of Ibrutinib
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 1 and Part 2: Gene Expression Evaluated by Disease-specific Biomarkers at Baseline
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Tumor Volume Reduction Rate at Day 14
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Time to Response
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Percentage of Participants With EFS at 3 Years
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Percentage of Participants With EFS at 2 Years
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Partial Response (PR)
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Complete Response (CR)
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Overall Survival
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Number of Participants With c-MYC Gene Rearrangement
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 1: Apparent (Oral) Volume of Distribution (Vd/F) of Ibrutinib
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 1: Apparent (Oral) Volume of Distribution (Vd/F) of Ibrutinib
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 1: Apparent (Oral) Plasma Clearance (CL/F) of Ibrutinib
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Apparent (Oral) Plasma Clearance (CL/F) of Ibrutinib
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 1 and Part 2: Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score for Palatability
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 1 and Part 2: Number of Participants With Adverse Events as Measure of Safety and Tolerability
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Apparent (Oral) Plasma Clearance (CL/F) of Ibrutinib
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Number of Participants With CD79B, CARD11, and MYD Mutations
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Apparent (Oral) Volume of Distribution (Vd/F) of Ibrutinib
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Apparent (Oral) Volume of Distribution (Vd/F) of Ibrutinib
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Apparent (Oral) Volume of Distribution (Vd/F) of Ibrutinib
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) of Ibrutinib
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) of Ibrutinib
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) of Ibrutinib
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Ibrutinib
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Ibrutinib
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Ibrutinib
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 1 and Part 2: Number of Participants With Greater Than (>) 90% Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Occupancy
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 1 and Part 2: Overall Response Rate (ORR)
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Duration of Response
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Event Free Survival (EFS) Between the 2 Treatment Groups
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Number of Participants Who Proceeded to Stem Cell Transplantation
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 2: Apparent (Oral) Plasma Clearance (CL/F) of Ibrutinib
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 1: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Ibrutinib
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 1: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Ibrutinib
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 1: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) of Ibrutinib
NCT02703272 (37) [back to overview]Part 1: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) of Ibrutinib
NCT02732015 (1) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Complete Response (CR) of Rolapitant Hydrochloride Administered as a Single-dose
NCT03283696 (11) [back to overview]Disease Control Rate (DCR): Percentage of Participants With a Best Overall Response of CR, PR, or Stable Disease (SD)
NCT03283696 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Olaratumab Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs)
NCT03283696 (11) [back to overview]PK: Trough Serum Concentration (Cmin,ss) of Olaratumab at Steady-state
NCT03283696 (11) [back to overview]PK: Trough Serum Concentration (Cmin)
NCT03283696 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Anti-Olaratumab Antibodies
NCT03283696 (11) [back to overview]Duration of Response (DoR)
NCT03283696 (11) [back to overview]Objective Response Rate (ORR): Number of Participants Who Achieve Best Overall Tumor Response of Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR)
NCT03283696 (11) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT03283696 (11) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT03283696 (11) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum Serum Concentration (Cmax) of Olaratumab
NCT03283696 (11) [back to overview]PK: Maximum Serum Concentration (Cmax,ss) of Olaratumab at Steady-state
NCT04154189 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Overall Survival at 1 Year or Month 12 (OS-1y)
NCT04154189 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With PFS at 1 Year or Month 12 (PFS-1y Rate) by IIR Assessment
NCT04154189 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With PFS at Month 4 (PFS-4m Rate) by IIR Assessment
NCT04154189 (10) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival (PFS) by Independent Imaging Review (IIR) Assessment
NCT04154189 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants Categorized Based on Overall Palatability and Acceptability Questionnaire Responses for Suspension of Lenvatinib
NCT04154189 (10) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Scale: Generic Core Scale Score at Month 4
NCT04154189 (10) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in PedsQL Scale: Cancer Module Scale Score at Month 4
NCT04154189 (10) [back to overview]Objective Response Rate at Month 4 (ORR-4m) by IIR Assessment
NCT04154189 (10) [back to overview]Treatment Arm A: Plasma Concentration of Lenvatinib
NCT04154189 (10) [back to overview]ORR by IIR Assessment
NCT04189952 (8) [back to overview]Event-Free Survival (EFS)
NCT04189952 (8) [back to overview]Number of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events
NCT04189952 (8) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT04189952 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving Complete Response (CR)
NCT04189952 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving Mobilization Rate Greater Than or Equal to 2x10^6 CD34+ Cells/kg Body Weight
NCT04189952 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving Overall Response
NCT04189952 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving Partial Response (PR)
NCT04189952 (8) [back to overview]Progression-Free Survival (PFS)

Overall Objective Response

Overall Objective Response will be assessed prior to dose-intensive therapy and at the completion of therapy. Complete disappearance of all clinical, radiographic and biochemical (normal AFP and HCG) evidence of disease for a minimum of 4 weeks (CR to chemotherapy). Patients must be free of disease for a minimum of 4 weeks. Partial Response: Complete disappearance of all biochemical evidence of disease in patients without a surgical procedure for a residual radiographic mass. Patients must demonstrate no biochemical recurrence or progression of radiographic masses for a minimum of four weeks (PR to chemotherapy} (NCT00002558)
Timeframe: 2 years

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Complete Response (CR)Incomplete Response (IR)Partial Response (PR)
Group A50365
Group B483

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5-year Overall Survival

Estimated using the product-limit method of Kaplan and Meier. (NCT00002601)
Timeframe: Until death from any cause, up to 5 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Doxorubicin/Ifosfamide + Melphalan/CDDP + PSCT31

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5-year Progression-free Survival

Estimated using the product-limit method of Kaplan and Meier. Progression is defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST), as a 25% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or the appearance of new lesions. (NCT00002601)
Timeframe: Until disease progression, up to 5 Years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Doxorubicin/Ifosfamide + Melphalan/CDDP + PSCT23

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Number of Participants With Grade 3 Bilirubin

Criteria for early termination of this feasibility study: > 2 patients experience grade 4 or 5 hematologic toxicity or more that 3 patients experience grade 3 hematologic toxicity; > 2 patients experience grade 3 hepatic or gastrointestinal toxicity or > 3 patients are unable to receive the second cycle of treatment; > 2 patients experience grade 5 toxicity related to treatment regimen. (NCT00002601)
Timeframe: 2 years after completion of treatment

Interventionparticipants with Grade 3 Bilirubin (Number)
Doxorubicin/Ifosfamide + Melphalan/CDDP + PSCT3

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Toxicities Counts

Number of patients with grade 3 and 4 toxicities observed during cycles 1 & 2 using the Common Toxicity Criteria Version for Chemotherapy. (NCT00002601)
Timeframe: 2 months after completion of second cycle of treatment.

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
AnemiaLeukopeniaNeutropeniaFebrile neutropeniaThrombocytopeniaMucositisBacteremia/sepsisHyperglycemiaPulmonary function impairment (FEV1)Pulmonary infiltratesDiarrheaArrhythmiaHematuriaMoodElevated PTT
Cycle 181313131313251011111
Cycle 2311119111410201010

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Toxic Effects

Number of Participants with Grade 3 and 4 Adverse Events Related to Protocol-based Therapy (NCT00002931)
Timeframe: From date of randomization until death of any cause, assessed up to 12 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
HyperglycemiaTransaminase aloneMucositis/stomatitisNausea/vomitingFebrile neutropeniaDiarrheaHyperbilirubinemiaFever w/o neutropeniaHypocalcemiaHemorrhageElevated INR/Prothrombin timeRenal FailureConstipationEsophagitis
HD Chemo and Auto Stem Cells461051332212111

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Overall Survival

Estimated using the product-limit method of Kaplan and Meier. (NCT00002931)
Timeframe: Until death from any cause, up to 5 years.

InterventionMonths (Median)
HD Chemo and Auto Stem Cells21.7

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Progression-free Survival

Estimated using the product-limit method of Kaplan and Meier. Progression is defined as an increase o any radiologically measureable tumor by greater than 25% or a greater than 10% increase of elevated tumor markers. (NCT00002931)
Timeframe: Until disease progression, up to 5 years.

InterventionMonths (Mean)
HD Chemo and Auto Stem Cells11.8

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Objective Response

Determine the overall objective response. CR rate [as measured from the start of ICE, (or high dose CTX) to the end of transplant for those who receive it, or the end of ICE for those who do not].Complete response (CR): No evidence of Hodgkin's disease determined clinically, radiologically or pathologically when indicated (NCT00003631)
Timeframe: 2 years

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
FailureMinor Response (MR)Partial Response (PR)Progression Free (P-Free)Complete Response (CR)Progression of Disease (POD)
Group A - Favorable Prognostic Group3214100
Group B - Intermediate Prognostic Group6123121
Group C - Unfavorable Prognostic Group304710

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2 Year Overall Survival

Percentage of participants who were alive at 2 years. The 2 year survival, with 95% confidence interval, was estimated using the Kaplan Meier method. (NCT00039130)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Rituximab With High Intensity Chemotherapy80

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2 Year Event Free Survival

Percentage of patients who were event free at 2 years. The 2-year event free rate was estimated using the Kaplan Meier method. An event is defined as death, progression or treatment failure. (NCT00039130)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Rituximab With High Intensity Chemotherapy78

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Complete Response Rate

Response is assessed by investigator according to Revised Response Criteria for Malignant Lymphoma. Complete response requires disappearance of all evidence of disease. (NCT00039130)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Rituximab With High Intensity Chemotherapy83

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Progression Free Survival

Kaplan-Meier estimates will be used to verify the progression free survival. (NCT00039195)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionpercentage of patients progression free (Number)
Induction R-CHOPac Therapy79

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Number of Patients Experiencing Toxic Death

Toxic death, defined as death predominantly attributable to treatment-related causes. (NCT00047320)
Timeframe: During chemotherapy (up to 18 weeks)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Radiation Therapy (CR From Induction)0

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Response to Induction Chemotherapy

A patient who achieves a complete or partial response, defined a reduction of at least 65% in tumor size after induction chemotherapy will be considered to have experienced response. (NCT00047320)
Timeframe: 18 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
ResponderNon-Responder
Radiation Therapy (CR From Induction)7411

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The Probability of Event-free Survival (EFS)

Event-free Survival was defined as time from study entry to death from any cause, disease progression or recurrence, or second malignant neoplasm. Event-free survival was estimated by KM estimate. (NCT00047320)
Timeframe: At 3 years from study entry

InterventionProbability (Number)
Radiation Therapy (CR From Induction)0.837

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Progression-free Survival (PFS)

Progression-free Survival was defined as time from study entry to disease progression or recurrence. Deaths that are clearly unrelated to disease progression, and second neoplasms are censored in this analysis. Progression -free survival was estimated by KM estimate. (NCT00047320)
Timeframe: At 3 years from study entry

InterventionProbability (Number)
Radiation Therapy (CR From Induction)0.837

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Overall Survival (OS)

Overall Survival was defined as time from study entry to death from any cause. Overall survival was estimated by KM estimate. (NCT00047320)
Timeframe: At 3 years from study entry

InterventionProbability (Number)
Radiation Therapy (CR From Induction)0.927

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Occurrence of Non-hematological Grade 4 Toxicity Occurrence of Nonhematological Grade 4 Toxicity

The number of patients who experienced non-hematological grade 4 toxicities anytime during chemotherapy. (NCT00047320)
Timeframe: During chemotherapy(up to 18 weeks)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Radiation Therapy (CR From Induction)22

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Event Free Survival

(NCT00061893)
Timeframe: 24 months after start of protocol therapy

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Combination Chemotherapy35

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Occurrence of Severe Toxicity

An incidence of severe toxicity is defined to be the occurrence of grade 3 or higher infection or grade 3 or higher sensory neuropathy during cycles 1-2 of protocol therapy. If 12 or more patients experience grade 3 or higher infection or five or more patients experience grade 3 or higher sensory neuropathy during cycles 1-2 of protocol therapy, the regimen will be flagged as being associated with an excessive rate of severe toxicity. (NCT00061893)
Timeframe: The first two cycles (6 weeks) of protocol chemotherapy

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Grade 3 or Higher InfectionGrade 3 or Higher Sensory Neuropathy
Combination Chemotherapy11

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"Failure-free Survival (FFS) in Chemotherapy Plus Possible Surgery Arm"

Failure is defined as the occurrence of one of the following: disease progression, defined as at least a 20% increase in the disease measurement, taking as reference the smallest disease measurement recorded since the start of treatment, or the appearance of one or more new lesions; relapse (defined with same criteria as for disease progression) after response; or death as a first event. Data will be summarized as number of eligible patients in each of the following categories at the time of data cutoff for analyses of 5-year FFS: 1)Failed; 2)Failure-free through 5 years of follow-up; 3)Failure-free until data cutoff (if less than 5 years of follow-up); 4)Withdrew from study; 5)Lost to follow-up. NOTE: Reported data are through March 2008 (see Caveats section). (NCT00072280)
Timeframe: Study enrollment until failure, completion of follow-up, or completion of 5-year FFS analyses (up to 5 years)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
FailedFailure-free through 5 years of follow-upFailure-free at cutoff (if < 5 years follow-up)Withdrew from studyLost to follow-up
Chemotherapy Plus Possible Surgery10100

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Treatment Delivery With Compliance Defined as Receiving at Least 95% of the Pre-operative Protocol Dose of RT, All 3 Cycles of MAID (if Applicable), and Receive Thalidomide on 75% of the Days During Radiation

Was to be estimated using a binomial distribution and accompanied by the associated 95% confidence interval. Due to early study closure, this endpoint could not be fully evaluated per the protocol plan. (NCT00089544)
Timeframe: Duration of treatment (which can continue up to approximately 15 months).

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Not CompliantCompliant
Cohort A (Chemotherapy, Radiation, Thalidomide, Surgery)510
Cohort B (Thalidomide, Radiation, Surgery)25

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Overall Survival

To evaluated the overall survival in both groups in participants presenting fast and slow decrease in serum levels of tumor markers. The median overall survival was defined as the median percentage of participants alive after 1 course of treatment. (NCT00104676)
Timeframe: 3 years from randomization

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm I65
Arm II73

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Progression-free Survival Rate After 1 Course of Treatment

Primary objective is to compare the progression-free survival of participants after 1 cycle of treatment, treated randomly by 3 additional cycles of BEP (Arm I) or by T-BEP-Oxaliplatin/cisplatin-ifosfamide-Bleomycin (Arm II). The median progression-free survival rate was defined as the median percentage of participants alive without disease progression after 1 course of treatment. (NCT00104676)
Timeframe: 3 years from randomization

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm I48
Arm II59

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Response Rates (CR and PR) in Adults With Burkitt/Atypical Burkitt

"Complete Response (CR): Disappearance of all measurable or evaluable disease confirmed.~Partial Response (PR): Reduction of 50% or greater in the sum of the products of the perpendicular diameters of all measurable.~Of 8 High Risk participants, 7 met the primary response outcome. 1 High Risk participant did not meet protocol defined primary outcome response and died two months following enrollment." (NCT00126191)
Timeframe: 3 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Low Risk2
High Risk7

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Disease Free Survival

Participants are followed after completion of protocol therapy until disease progression to determine disease free survival. (NCT00126191)
Timeframe: Until disease progression up to 120 months

InterventionMonths (Mean)
Low Risk84
High Risk52

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Event-free Survival (EFS)

"EFS is defined as time from randomisation to the first of: death, detection of local recurrence or metastasis, progression of metastatic disease, or detection of a secondary malignancy.~EFS will be assessed using the logrank test and expressed using hazard ratios with appropriate confidence intervals. Follow up per participant will be assessed for up to 10 years. The 3 year EFS is provided as a summary." (NCT00134030)
Timeframe: From date of randomization to date of the event.

InterventionPercentage EFS (Number)
MAP-GR74
MAPifn77
MAP-PR55
MAPIE53

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Percentage of Patients With Overall Survival

"Overall survival is time from randomization until death from any cause.~Will be assessed using the logrank test and expressed using hazard ratios with appropriate confidence intervals. Participants will be assessed for up to 10 years. 5 year overall survival is provided as a summary." (NCT00134030)
Timeframe: From date of randomization to date of death.

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MAP-GR84
MAPifn84
MAP-PR68
MAPIE68

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Toxicity as Measured by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v3.0

Percentages of patients experiencing grade 3 and 4 adverse events. These will be compared using chi-square tests or Fisher's exact tests where appropriate. (NCT00134030)
Timeframe: Adverse events are assessed for up to 10 years per participant.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
MAP-GR348
MAPifn340
MAP-PR287
MAPIE281

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events in Sequential Cohort Dose Escalation Study of AMG 531 Following Chemotherapy

Number of participants experiencing an adverse event (AE) or serious adverse event (SAE) during study treatment, possible or probable related to study drug. All toxicities graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0. Participation has a maximum of 6 cycles of chemotherapy on the study. (NCT00147225)
Timeframe: Toxicity assessments with each dose level/cycle (21-28 day cycle) up to 6 cycles

,,,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Adverse Events, Possible or ProbableSerious Adverse Events, Possible or ProbableTotal Adverse Events
1 mcg/kg AMG 531 Post Chemotherapy000
10 mcg/kg AMG 531 Post Chemotherapy112
10 mcg/kg AMG 531 Pre/Pre/Post/Post Chemotherapy808
10 mcg/kg Pre/Post Chemotherapy404
3 mcg/kg AMG 531 Post Chemotherapy000
5 mcg/kg AMG 531 Pre/Pre/Post/Post Chemotherapy527

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The Percentage of Patients Alive Without Disease at 2 Years

Disease-free survival (NCT00189137)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Doxorubicin and Ifosfamide57
Gemcitabine and Docetaxel74

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Percentage of Patients Hospitalized in Each Arm.

To contrast the proportion of treated patients hospitalized subsequent to treatment with gemcitabine and docetaxel as compared to doxorubicin and ifosfamide as neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy of poor prognosis soft tissue sarcoma. (NCT00189137)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventionpercentage of patients hospitalized (Number)
Doxorubicin and Ifosfamide35
Gemcitabine and Docetaxel26

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Cycles With Hematologic Toxicities

Out of 162 planned cycles, a total of 138 cycles (85%) were administered. Number of cycles during which participants with grades 3 and 4 experienced hematologic toxicities are reported. Most of the toxicities were self-limiting. (NCT00231842)
Timeframe: 2 years

,
InterventionCycles (Number)
NeutropeniaAnemiaThrombocytopenia
Grade 3 Toxicity1166
Grade 4 Toxicity1402

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Toxicity at End of Study Treatment

(NCT00245011)
Timeframe: Continual and at End of Study

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Delayed numbness and tinglingMild hypocalcemiaMild - Moderate pancytopeniaLymphopeniaFever
Samarium-153/Stem Cell Transplant/Radiation3111115

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Tumor Response

WHO (World Health Organization) tumor measurement criteria used to determine response. (NCT00245011)
Timeframe: 1 week after study treatment

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Samarium-153/Stem Cell Transplant/Radiation10

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Overall and Progression-free Survival After Study Treatment

(NCT00245011)
Timeframe: up to 4 years

Interventiondays (Median)
Overall SurvivalProgression-free Survival
Samarium-153/Stem Cell Transplant/RadiationNA79

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Overall Objective Response

"Overall objective response to therapy Complete remission/unconfirmed (CRu)~This includes patients who meet criteria for CR with the following exceptions:~1. A residual lymph node mass > 1.5 cm in the short axis with normalization of 18Ffluorodeoxyglucose- PET scan Partial remission/minimal response (PR and MR)~Any decrease in lymph nodes and nodal-based masses~Any decrease in PET avidity (however, residual FDG uptake is present)~Involving organs involved prior to therapy must have diminished in size.~No new sites of disease Stable disease Response is less than that which constitutes a PR and disease does not meet criteria for progressive disease Progressive disease~1. Increase in lymph nodes or nodal-based masses, or other measurable disease from pretreatment observations. 2. Appearance of any new lesion at the end of therapy" (NCT00255723)
Timeframe: 3 years

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Complete RemissionPartial Remission (PR)Progression of Disease (POD)
Arm A4563
Arm B3117

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Cumulative Incidence Rate of Oral Mucositis

"Cumulative incidence of World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 or > mucositis (moderate to severe) in participants completing up to 6 blinded cycles. Rate defined as participants who had Grade 2 or > divided by total number of participants who completed up to 6 blinded cycles.~WHO Criteria of Grade 1: possible buccal mucosal scalloping with/without erythema; No ulcers; swallows solid diet. Grade 2: ulcers with or without erythema; swallow solid diet. Grade 3: ulcers with/without (extensive) erythema; swallow liquid, not solid diet. Grade 4: mucositis to extent alimentation not possible." (NCT00267046)
Timeframe: Within 6 blinded cycles (3-week cycles), up to 18 weeks.

,
InterventionPercentage of Participants (Mean)
Cumulative incidence of WHO grade 2 or higher mucoCumulative Incidence of WHO Grade 3 or 4 Mucositis
Palifermin4413
Placebo8851

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Median Maximum Score for Patient Reported Outcomes in 2 Blinded Cycles

Median maximum score (0 to 10, with 10 being the worst) for participant-reported outcomes in the first 2 blinded cycles for Mouth Pain, Overall Mouth and Throat Soreness, and Rectal Soreness while median maximum score for Swallowing, Drinking and Eating Difficulty (0 to 4, with 4 being the difficult). (NCT00267046)
Timeframe: Within the first 2 blinded cycles (3-week cycles), up to 6 weeks.

,
InterventionUnits on a scale (Median)
Mouth PainOverall Mouth and Throat SorenessRectal SorenessDrinking DifficultyEating DifficultySwallowing Difficulty
Palifermin110000
Placebo55.541.522

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2-year Progression-Free Survival (PFS)

2-year progression-free survival is defined as the probability of patients who remain alive and progression free at 2 years from study entry. The method of Kaplan and Meier (1958) was used to estimate PFS. (NCT00274924)
Timeframe: Assessed every 4 months if patient is < 2 years from study entry, every 6 months if patient is 2-5 years from study entry, then every 12 months if patient is 5-10 years from study entry.

Interventionprobability (Number)
Group I (PET Negative)0.76
Group II (PET Positive)0.42

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5-year Overall Survival

5-year overall survival is defined as the probability of patients who remain alive at 5 years from study entry. The method of Kaplan and Meier (1958) was used to estimate overall survival. (NCT00274924)
Timeframe: Every 4 months if patient is < 2 years from study entry, every 6 months if patient is 2-5 years from study entry, then every 12 months if patient is 5-10 years from study entry.

Interventionprobability (Number)
Group I (PET Negative)0.77
Group II (PET Positive)0.69

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Event Free Survival Without Receiving Radiation Therapy (EFSnoRT).

Survival is defined as the minimum time from study entry to requirement for additional chemotherapy and IFRT for retrieval, occurrence of a second malignant neoplasm, or death from any cause. Patients without report of such events where censored at last contact. Patients who achieve less than CR after 3 cycles of AV-PC will require IFRT and hence will satisfy this definition at the time of response evaluation. Patients who achieve a CR but who relapse will receive addition chemotherapy and IFRT or intense retrieval and hence will satisfy this definition at the time of the first relapse of Hodgkin disease. This endpoint will be used to compute event free survival without receiving radiation therapy (EFSnoRT). (NCT00302003)
Timeframe: At 60 months

InterventionProbability of survival (Number)
Group 10.49

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Intensive Therapy Free Survival (ITFS).

Survival is defined as the minimum time from study entry to a relapse of higher risk at any time, any relapse following treatment with protocol mandated IFRT, death from any cause, or the occurrence of a second malignant neoplasm. This will be used to compute intensive therapy free survival (ITFS). Patients without report of such events where censored at last contact. This differs from traditional EFS in that relapse after AVPC* x3 therapy alone that does not place the patient in a higher risk category is not considered a treatment failure. In this definition, higher-risk relapse refers to relapse involving sites and extent of disease that place the patient in the current COG definition of intermediate or high-risk disease. If a patient with CR who experiences a LR relapse is not retreated with protocol-mandated chemotherapy and IFRT, subsequent disease relapses will nevertheless be counted in the analysis of the treatment strategy. (NCT00302003)
Timeframe: At 60 months

InterventionProbability of survival (Number)
Group 10.89

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Overall Survival

Survival is defined as time from study entry to death due to any cause. Patients alive at last contact where censored at last contact. (NCT00302003)
Timeframe: At 60 months

InterventionProbability of survival (Number)
Group 10.99

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Event Free Survival (EFS)

Survival is defined as the minimum time from study entry to a relapse of any kind, death from any cause, or occurrence of a second malignant neoplasm. Patients without report of such events where censored at last contact. This will be used to compute event free survival (EFS). (NCT00302003)
Timeframe: At 60 months

InterventionProbability of survival (Number)
Group 10.79

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Provide Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation of the Number of Participants With NF1-associated MPNSTs.

Increase the knowledge of the epidemiology and clinical presentation of NF1-associated MPNSTs. (NCT00304083)
Timeframe: After 4 cycles

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
≥10 subcutaneous neurofibromas6 or more CALIntertriginous frecklingNeurofibromasPlexiform neurofibromaParaspinal neurofibromas≥10 cutaneous neurofibromasOptic gliomaGliomaScoliosisIntellectual delayHypertension
NF1 MPNST1017192612121311588

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Perform Pathologic Analysis of Tumor Samples to Analyze the Number of Participants With Markers as Predictors of Response

Evaluate the molecular biology of sporadic and NF1-associated MPNSTs by performing a detailed pathologic analysis of tumor samples with the goal to analyze if markers can be identified that predict for response to chemotherapy or outcome. (NCT00304083)
Timeframe: After 4 cycles

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Histologic Variant- ConventionalHistologic Variant- PerineuralHistologic Variant- EpithelioidHistologic Variant- DivergentHistologic Variant- Mixed histologyLow CellularityModerate CellularityHigh CellularityNecrosis- absentNecrosis 1-10%Necrosis 10-50%Necrosis >50%
NF1 MPNST151019052158103
Sporadic MPNST702020471253

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Number of Participants With Response Rate (Complete Response and Partial Response)

WHO criteria was used to determine responses due to the nonspherical shape of most MPNST. Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial response (PR), >=50% decrease of target lesions. (NCT00304083)
Timeframe: After 4 Cycles (1 cycle=21 days)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Partial responseComplete responseStable DiseaseProgressive Disease
NF1 MPNST50203
Sporadic MPNST4041

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Identify the Number of Participants With a Serum Biomarker to Predict the Presence of MPNST Versus Benign Plexiform Neurofibroma

Assess if a serum biomarker can be identified that predicts for the presence of a MPNST versus benign plexiform neurofibroma. (NCT00304083)
Timeframe: After 4 cycles

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
NF1 patients with gene amplifiedSporadic patients with gene amplified
NF1 and Sporadic MPNST32

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Construct Tissue Microarray to Identify Novel Targets for Treatment for the Number of Participants With Available Tissue

Construct a tissue microarray from submitted tumor samples that will be used in the future to identify novel targets for treatment of MPNSTs. The tissue microarray looked at various gene deletions and amplifications. (NCT00304083)
Timeframe: After 4 cycles

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
EGFR (7p12) amplificationTOPO2A (17q21-q22) amplificationHer2/Neu (17q11-q12) amplificationCyclin D1 (11q13) amplificationc-MYC (8q24) amplificationN-MYC (2p24) amplificationNF1 (17q11) deletionp16 (9p21) deletionRB (13q14) deletionp53 (17q13) deletion
NF1 MPNST35215371016
Sporadic MPNST1202010322

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Degree of Agreement in Histologic Grade Determined by the Enrolling Institution Versus by Central Pathology Reviewers

Histologic grades were determined by the central pathology reviewers and institutional pathologists based on published standards. A higher grade is associated with a more severe disease. (NCT00346164)
Timeframe: At Diagnosis

,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Histologic grade 1 by central pathology reviewersHistologic grade 2 by central pathology reviewersHistologic grade 3 by central pathology reviewers
Histologic Grade 1 by Enrolling Institution3843
Histologic Grade 2 by Enrolling Institution55610
Histologic Grade 3 by Enrolling Institution19268

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Complete or Partial Response Rate

Tumor response by imaging. Complete Response (CR): Complete disappearance of the tumor. Partial Response (PR): At least 64% decrease in volume compared to the measurement obtained at study enrollment. Overall Response (OR)=CR+PR. (NCT00346164)
Timeframe: 13 weeks

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Arm D33.1

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Event Free Survival Probability Disease Extent

Probability of no relapse, secondary malignancy or death after 5 years since enrollment. (NCT00346164)
Timeframe: 5 years

InterventionProbability (Number)
Non-metastatic0.7758
Metastatic0.1960

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Event Free Survival Probability Histologic Grade

Probability of no relapse, secondary malignancy or death after 5 years since enrollment (NCT00346164)
Timeframe: 5 years

InterventionProbability (Number)
Histologic Grade 10.9636
Histologic Grade 20.8505
Histologic Grade 30.6136

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Degree of Agreement in Histologic Grade Between Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) and Fédération Nationale Des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer (FNCLCC) Pathologic Grading Systems

POG and FNCLCC grades were determined by pathologists based on published standards. A higher grade is associated with a more severe disease. (NCT00346164)
Timeframe: At diagnosis

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Histologic grade 1 by POGHistologic grade 2 by POGHistologic grade 3 by POG
Histologic Grade 1 by FNCLCC46249
Histologic Grade 2 by FNCLCC869145
Histologic Grade 3 by FNCLCC10240

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Toxicity Rate

Percentage of Arm D patients experiencing grade 4+ adverse events. (NCT00346164)
Timeframe: 13 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Arm D3.06

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Probability for Event Free Survival.

Probability of no relapse, secondary malignancy or death after 5 years since enrollment. (NCT00346164)
Timeframe: 5 years

InterventionProbability of EFS at 5 years (Number)
Arm A: No Adjuvant Treatment0.8984
Arm B: Low Risk; Adjuvant Radiotherapy0.7647
Arm C: Intermediate & High Risk; Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy0.6079
Arm D: Intermediate & High Risk; Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy0.4873

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Percent Tumor Necrosis

Percent tumor necrosis by pathology review. (NCT00346164)
Timeframe: 13 weeks

Interventionpercentage of tumor necrosis (Mean)
Arm D59.4

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Overall Survival Probability Extent of Resection of the Primary Tumor

Probability of survival after 5 years since enrollment. (NCT00346164)
Timeframe: 5 years

InterventionProbability (Number)
Less Than Total Resection0.5975
Negative Margins0.9353
Positive Margins0.7764

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Overall Survival Probability Disease Extent

Probability of survival after 5 years since enrollment. (NCT00346164)
Timeframe: 5 years

InterventionProbability (Number)
Non-metastatic0.8752
Metastatic0.3153

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Incidence of Distant Metastasis

Percent of patients who had distant metastasis. (NCT00346164)
Timeframe: Up to 10 years

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Non-metastatic10.59
Metastatic60.87
Histologic Grade 10.00
Histologic Grade 25.06
Histologic Grade 323.38

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Response

Anti tumor activity as assessed by computed tomography of neck/chest/abdomen/pelvis, positron emission tomography scan and/or gallium scan. Assessed by physical examination appropriate imaging studies. Bone marrow aspirate/biopsy must be normal and any macroscopic nodules in any organs detectable on imaging techniques should no longer be present. Gallium scans must be negative if initially positive. (NCT00354107)
Timeframe: Week 4

Interventionpercent (Number)
Treatment (Monoclonal Antibody Therapy, Chemotherapy)50

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Percentage of Patients Event Free at 4 Years Following Study Entry

Event-free survival: Time to recurrence, second malignancy, or death as a first event, estimated from a Kaplan Meier curve (NCT00354744)
Timeframe: 4 years

InterventionPercentage of patients (Number)
High_Risk_Rhabdomyosarcoma36

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Percentage of Patients Experiencing Adverse Events Due to Concurrent Therapy

Adverse events are reported for patients receiving concurrent irinotecan hydrochloride and radiotherapy. (NCT00354744)
Timeframe: From enrollment to up to 2 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Course 1Course 2Course 3Course 4
High_Risk_Rhabdomyosarcoma53.368.479.355.7

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Number of Patients With Complete or Partial Response Assessed by RECIST Criteria

"Volumetric measurements of the primary tumor using an elliptical model (0.5 x the product of the 3 largest perpendicular diameters) to assess response to neoadjuvant therapy. The RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) from the NCI will be used for assessment of the size of measurable metastases, including nodal metastases. Primary Tumor Measurement: Technical guidelines for cross-sectional imaging computed tomography (CT) slice thickness should be 5mm or less and the diameter of the measurable mass should be at least twice the reconstructed slice thickness. Smaller masses are considered detectable, but will be counted as non-measurable. Complete Response (CR): Complete disappearance of the tumor confirmed at >4 weeks. Partial Response (PR): At least 64% decrease in volume compared to the measurement obtained at study enrollment. Progressive Disease (PD): At least 40% increase in tumor volume compared to the smallest volume obtained since the beginning." (NCT00354744)
Timeframe: Protocol week 6 evaluation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
High_Risk_Rhabdomyosarcoma63

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Number of Participants With Grade 3 or 4 Toxicity

Grade 3 and 4 non-hematologic toxicity during protocol therapy. The number of patients that experience CTC Version 4 grade 3 or higher non-hematologic at any time during protocol therapy (NCT00381940)
Timeframe: 4 weeks following completion of therapy

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Ifosfamide, Vinorelbine, Bortezomib)9

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Rate of Successful PBSC Harvest

Success is defined as the ability to harvest 2x10^6 CD34+ cells/kg within 5 collection days. (NCT00381940)
Timeframe: After 2 cycles

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Ifosfamide, Vinorelbine, Bortezomib)19

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Complete Response (CR)

CR is defined as at least 80% reduction in the sum of the products of the perpendicular diameters of each of the nodal masses or return to normal size, along with negative nuclear medicine imaging. (NCT00381940)
Timeframe: After 2 cycles of treatment

Interventionparticipants (Number)
With CRWithout CR
Treatment (Ifosfamide, Vinorelbine, Bortezomib)221

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Overall Response Rate

Per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0) for target lesions and assessed by MRI: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), >=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Overall Response (OR) = CR + PR (NCT00381940)
Timeframe: After 2 cycles and 4 cycles

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Overall Response Rate (After 2 cycles)Overall Response Rate (After 4 cycles)
Treatment (Ifosfamide, Vinorelbine, Bortezomib)1912

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Induction Success Rate

Induction success is defined as achieving CR or PR without a targeted primary toxicity. Primary toxicity includes toxic death (which is any death predominantly attributable to treatment-related toxicities or complications, occurring during or within one month of the completion of therapy), Non-hematologic grades 3 or 4 toxicities attributable to drug (with the specific exclusion of 1) Grade 3 or 4 nausea or vomiting, 2) grade 3 transaminases (AST/ALT) elevations which return to < grade 1 prior to the time of the next treatment course, 3) grade 3 or 4 fever or infection, and 4) Grade 3 mucositis.) and Hematologic toxicity (Delay of >2 weeks in the start of re-induction cycle 2 or in hematologic recovery after cycle 2 secondary to severe myelosuppression, infection, or sepsis.) (NCT00381940)
Timeframe: After 2 cycles and 4 cycles

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Induction Success Rate (After 2 cycles)Induction Success Rate (After 4 cycles)
Treatment (Ifosfamide, Vinorelbine, Bortezomib)1912

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Overall Survival (OS) at 1 Year

(NCT00392834)
Timeframe: 1 year post treatment

InterventionCumulative proportion surviving at 1 yr (Number)
Regimen A (R-CODOX-M Chemotherapy)1.0
Regimen B (Rituximab and IVAC Chemotherapy)0.82

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Overall Survival (OS) of Patients With Burkitt's and Burkitt-like Lymphoma/Leukemia Treated With Modified Magrath Regimen

Overall Survival (OS) of patients with Burkitt's and Burkitt-like Lymphoma/Leukemia treated with modified Magrath regimen. OS is defined from the first dose of study drug to the time of death for any reason. (NCT00392990)
Timeframe: At 2 years from treatment initiation Median follow up 34 months (range 15-45)

Interventionpercentage of patients alive (Number)
High Risk - Treated With Alternating R-CODOX-M/R-IVAC81
Low Risk - Treatment With 3 Cycles of R-CODOX-M100

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Safety of Patients With Burkitt's and Burkitt-like Lymphoma/Leukemia Treated With Modified Magrath Regimen (Addition of Rituximab, Subsitution of Adriamycin for Doxil and Using Lower Dose of Methotrexate)

"Adverse events (AE) graded as either 3 or 4 and determined to be at least possibly related to study treatment will be collected in patients Burkitt's and Burkitt-like Lymphoma/Leukemia treated with modified Magrath regimen to assess the safety and toxicity profile of the addition of rituximab, subsitution of adriamycin for doxil and lower dose of methotrexate. AEs will be assessed as follows at the following time points: At the end of each cycle or monthly whichever is less frequent and 30 days post last dose of study treatment for a maximum of 3 cycles for regimen A and 4 cycles for regimen B and up to 12 months.~In general AEs will be assessed according to the National Cancer Institute's Common Toxicity Criteria for adverse events version 3.0 (CTCAE v 3.0). In general adverse events (AEs) will be graded according to the following:~Grade 1 Mild AE Grade 2 Moderate AE Grade 3 Severe AE Grade 4 Life-threatening or disabling AE Grade 5 Death related to AE" (NCT00392990)
Timeframe: After each cycle or monthly (whichever is less frequent), 30 days post last dose. Treatment duration was at a median of 13 weeks (range 11-20) for high-risk patients and 10 weeks (range 9-12) for low-risk patients.

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Anemia : Grade 3Anemia : Grade 4Neutropenia : Grade 3Neutropenia : Grade 4Thrombocytopenia : Grade 3Thrombocytopenia : Grade 4Mucositis : Grade 3Mucositis : Grade 4Infection : Grade 3Infection : Grade 4Elevated Transaminases : Grade 3Elevated Transaminases : Grade 4Fever (Neutropenic) : Grade 3Fever (Neutropenic) : Grade 4Low Phosphate : Grade 3Low Phosphate : Grade 4Sodium Abnormalities : Grade 3Sodium Abnormalities : Grade 4Hyperglycemia : Grade 3Hyperglycemia : Grade 4Hypoalbuminemia : Grade 3Hypoalbuminemia : Grade 4Hypokalemia : Grade 3Hypokalemia : Grade 4Cardiac : Grade 3Cardiac : Grade 4Diarrhea : Grade 3Diarrhea : Grade 4Elevated Creatinine : Grade 3Elevated Creatinine : Grade 4Nausea/Vomiting : Grade 3Nausea/Vomiting : Grade 4Low Blood Pressure : Grade 3Low Blood Pressure : Grade 4Rash : Grade 3Rash : Grade 4Edema : Grade 3Edema : Grade 4Low Magnesium : Grade 3Low Magnesium : Grade 4
High Risk - Treated With Alternating R-CODOX-M/R-IVAC131561137380604050401540103020201010101010
Low Risk - Treatment With 3 Cycles of R-CODOX-M3022122010203010203000200000000000000000

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Progression Free Survival (PFS) of Patients With Burkitt's and Burkitt-like Lymphoma/Leukemia Treated With Modified Magrath Regimen

Progression Free Survival (PFS) will be defined from the first dose of study drug to the first documentation of progressive disease or death for any reason. Patients that are lost to follow-up before progression will be censored at the point of last documentation of not experiencing the event. (NCT00392990)
Timeframe: At 2 years from treatment initiation. Median follow up 34 months (range 15-45)

Interventionpercentage of patients progression free (Number)
High Risk - Treated With Alternating R-CODOX-M/R-IVAC76
Low Risk - Treatment With 3 Cycles of R-CODOX-M100

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Overall Response Rate (ORR) of Patients With Burkitt's and Burkitt-like Lymphoma/Leukemia Treated With Modified Magrath Regimen

"Response Rate is defined as combined number of patients with Complete Remission (CR) Complete Remission undetermined (Cru) and Partial Remission (PR) for patients with Burkitt's and Burkitt-like Lymphoma/Leukemia. Response will be measured by CT scans following treatment completion and assessed using Response Criteria for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma where:~CR=complete disappearance of all detectable clinical and radiographic evidence of disease and disappearance of all disease-related symptoms.~CRu=same as above but allowing for 75% decrease in lymph node masses and indeterminate or normal bone marrow.~PR=50% decrease in SPD of the six largest dominant nodes or nodal masses with no increase in size or other nodes, liver, spleen and no new sites of disease." (NCT00392990)
Timeframe: After two cycles of treatment and at completion of treatment (4 cycles for high risk and 3 cycles for low risk) up to approximately 20 weeks.

,
Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
ORR after two cycles of treatmentORR at completion of treatment
High Risk - Treated With Alternating R-CODOX-M/R-IVAC100100
Low Risk - Treatment With 3 Cycles of R-CODOX-M100100

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Palonosetron Response Rate in the 10 Day Study Cycle

Number of participants with dose of palonosetron who experienced response (no emesis) during acute and delayed time period of the study (10 days) divided by number of participants. Complete response defined as no emesis and no rescue medicines in 10 days from the start of chemotherapy in the first chemotherapy cycle. (NCT00410488)
Timeframe: 10 days

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Palonosetron - 1 Dose31.25
Palonosetron - 3 Doses50

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Response

"Response assessed at the completion of therapy (after four to five cycles of chemotherapy and after surgery if necessary)~Complete Response (CR): A complete response is defined as one of the following:~Complete disappearance of all clinical and radiographic and biochemical (normal AFP and HCG) evidence of disease for a minimum of 4 weeks (CR to chemotherapy).~Complete disappearance of all biochemical evidence of disease with resection of residual radiographic masses that prove to be negative for residual GCT; this includes both mature teratoma and necrotic debris (CR to chemotherapy) for a minimum of 4 weeks.~Complete disappearance of all biochemical evidence of disease with complete surgical excision of all residual radiographic masses that, if pathologically positive for residual malignant GCT, show margins to microscopically free of disease (CR to chemotherapy + surgery). Patients must be free of disease for a minimum of 4 weeks." (NCT00423852)
Timeframe: 2 year

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Complete Response (CR)Incomplete Response (IR)Partial Response (PR)
Chemotherapy With Stem Cell Support1265

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Maximum Tolerated Dose of Ifosfamide

(NCT00423852)
Timeframe: 4 years

Interventionmg/m2 (Number)
Chemotherapy With Stem Cell Support9990

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Overall Survival (OS)

The percentage of people in a study or treatment group who are alive for a certain period of time after they were diagnosed with or treated for a disease, such as cancer. Also called survival rate. (NCT00432094)
Timeframe: 1 Year

Interventionpercentage of participants (Mean)
2 Transplants86
1 Transplant56

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Disease-free Survival (DFS)

The number of patients who survive without any signs of symptions of that cancer or any other cancer. (NCT00432094)
Timeframe: 1 Year

Interventionpercentage of participants (Mean)
2 Transplants64
1 Transplant44

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Engraftment of Neutrophils

Neutrophil engraftment is defined as the first day of three consecutive days where the neutrophil count (absolute neutrophil count) is 500 cells/mm3 (0.5 x 109/L) or greater. (NCT00432094)
Timeframe: Day 42

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
2 Transplants13
1 Transplant9

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Engraftment of Platelets

Platelet engraftment is defined as 20,000/mm^3 (20 x 10^9/L) for 3 consecutive days unsupported by a platelet transfusion. (NCT00432094)
Timeframe: Day 100

Interventionparticipants (Number)
2 Transplants13
1 Transplant8

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Numbers of Patients Unable to Mobilize Peripheral Blood Stem Cells

Number of patients unable to achieve adequate stem cell mobilization, need to undergo one or tandem transplantation. Stem cell mobilization = A process in which certain drugs are used to cause the movement of stem cells from the bone marrow into the blood. The stem cells can be collected and stored. They may be used later to replace the bone marrow during a stem cell transplant. (NCT00432094)
Timeframe: Pre-Transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
2 Transplants0
1 Transplant0

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Number of Patients Experiencing Adverse Events.

Number of patients experiencing adverse events during the course of protocol therapy. (NCT00450801)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
R-MACLO Cycles22
R-IVAM Cycles22
Thalidomide Therapy19

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Response Rate

Percentage of participants achieving complete response (CR) to protocol therapy according to International Working Group Response Criteria for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) using the CT imaging method. Patients were classified by best tumor response; CR was defined as normalization of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), complete disappearance of disease-related symptoms and lymph nodes, and clearance of lymphoma from involved organs; complete response unconfirmed (CRu) as a residual lymph node greater than 1.5 cm in greatest transverse diameter that had regressed by more than 75% or an indeterminate bone marrow examination; partial response (PR) as greater than 50% reduction in the involved lymph nodes, or disappearance of the involved lymph nodes but persistent bone marrow involvement; relapse/progression as new or increased lymph nodes, organomegaly, or reappearance of bone marrow involvement. (NCT00450801)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
R-MACLO-IVAM-T100

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Overall Survival Rate

Percentage of participants who are alive up to five years after receipt of protocol therapy. (NCT00450801)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
1-year rate overall survival Rate2-year overall survival Rate3-year overall survival rate4-year overall survival rate5-year overall survival rate
R-MACLO-IVAM-T9696968787

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Progression-free Survival Rate

Percentage of participants achieving progression-free survival at 1, 3 and 5 years after the start of protocol therapy, based upon the International Working Group Response Criteria for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL). Progression is defined as a ≥ 50% increase from nadir in the product of the two largest perpendicular diameters (PPD-size) of any previously identified abnormal node, or appearance of any new lesion. (NCT00450801)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
1 year progression-free survival3 year progression-free survival5-year progression-free survival
R-MACLO-IVAM-T917869

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Response Rate as Measured by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) Criteria

Patients who demonstrate a PR or CR, as defined below, will be considered as responders. RECIST criteria: CR (complete response) = disappearance of all target lesions, PR (partial response) = 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, PD (progressive disease) = 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions and SD (stable disease) = small changes that do not meet above criteria. (NCT00467051)
Timeframe: At baseline (day 1) and after completion of protocol therapy (2 cycles or 42 days)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
ResponderNon-Responder
Treatment (Chemotherapy, Biological Therapy)128

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The Number of Patients Who Experience at Least One Grade 3 or Higher CTC Version 4 Toxicity.

(NCT00467051)
Timeframe: Two cycles of chemotherapy; expected to be 42 days of treatment.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Experimental18

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Percentage of Participants With Progression Free Survival

Progression Free Survival at 3 years. Progression is defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0), as a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions (NCT00470366)
Timeframe: 3 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Paclitaxel, Ifosfamide, and Cisplatin72

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Progression-free Survival

Progression is defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0), as a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions (NCT00470366)
Timeframe: Up to 8 years

Interventionyears (Median)
Paclitaxel, Ifosfamide, and Cisplatin4.4

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CD34+ Cells/kg in Blood Stem Cells

After blood counts return to normal, stem cell collection (takes approximately 4 hours) up to 6 sessions. (NCT00499343)
Timeframe: The process of stem cell collections take about 4 hours, 1-6 sessions may be needed.

InterventionCD34+ cells/kg (Median)
Rituximab + Ifosfamide + Etoposide + 2 Growth Factors7.5
Rituximab + Ifosfamide + Etoposide + 1 Growth Factor10.34

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Complete Response

Complete Response (NCT00504751)
Timeframe: 26 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Study Treatment3

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Number of Participants With Pathologic Complete Remission (pCR)

Histopathologic assessment of surgical resection to confirm Pathologoic Complete Remission. Complete remission defined as disappearance of all target lesions. (NCT00512096)
Timeframe: restaging with second and fourth 21-day cycles followed by surgery

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Cisplatin + Ifosfamide + Paclitaxel3

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Response Rate

Response rate defined as the proportion of subjects with confirmed partial or complete response as defined by the RECIST criteria. (NCT00544778)
Timeframe: First disease evaluation one month after the start of treatment and every 3 months there after, up to 2 years.

Interventionpercentage of patients responding (Number)
Arm 10

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Progression-free Survival at 1 Year

Progression is defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0), as a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions (NCT00574496)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionproportion of progression-free pts (Number)
High-Risk or Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma33.3

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Overall Survival

(NCT00574496)
Timeframe: up to 8 years

Interventionmonths (Median)
High-Risk or Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma70.3

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Disease Relapse or Progression as Measured by CT Scan or PET

(NCT00574496)
Timeframe: 3 years

Interventionmonths (Median)
High-Risk or Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma34.3

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Improve the Overall Response Rate

assessing the response rate (CR+PR) (NCT00588094)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Complete RemissionComplete Remission/UnconfirmedPartial RemissionProgression of Disease
R-ICEesc4274

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Ability to Proceed to Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Collection Following Treatment

(NCT00601718)
Timeframe: 1-3 weeks post end of treatment

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Enzyme Inhibitor, Monoclonal Antibody, Chemotherapy20

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Safety and Toxicity According to CTCAE v3.0

Common dose limiting toxicities. (NCT00601718)
Timeframe: 3-5 weeks post end of treatment

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
InfectionHypokalemiaTransaminitisGrade 3 related gastrointestinal toxicity
Treatment (Enzyme Inhibitor, Monoclonal Antibody, Chemotherapy2229

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Maximum Tolerated Dose of Vorinostat

(NCT00601718)
Timeframe: 28 days post last dose of study drug

Interventionmg twice daily X 5 days (Number)
Treatment (Enzyme Inhibitor, Monoclonal Antibody, Chemotherapy500

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Efficacy (Response Rate) of Vorinostat Combined With RICE Chemotherapy

(NCT00601718)
Timeframe: 3-5 weeks post end of treatment

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Enzyme Inhibitor, Monoclonal Antibody, Chemotherapy19

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Incidence Rate (Number of Participants) of Dose-limiting Toxicity (DLT) - Week 29 to Week 37

The incidence rate of DLT while on protocol therapy where DLT is defined as (1) Grade 3 or greater nonhematological adverse event that is possibly, probably, or likely related to therapy with the specific exception of Grade 3 or greater nausea or vomiting controlled by standard supportive care measures, Grade 3 infection and Grade 3 alopecia; or (2) Grade 4 or higher hematological AE that delays the administration of therapy at least 2 weeks. (NCT00618813)
Timeframe: Week 29 to week 37

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment (Combination Chemotherapy)14

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Incidence Rate (Number of Participants) of Dose-limiting Toxicity (DLT) - Enrollment to Week 12

The incidence rate of DLT while on protocol therapy where DLT is defined as (1) Grade 3 or greater nonhematological adverse event that is possibly, probably, or likely related to therapy with the specific exception of Grade 3 or greater nausea or vomiting controlled by standard supportive care measures, Grade 3 infection and Grade 3 alopecia; or (2) Grade 4 or higher hematological AE that delays the administration of therapy at least 2 weeks. (NCT00618813)
Timeframe: Enrollment to week 12

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment (Combination Chemotherapy)12

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Incidence Rate (Number of Participants) of Dose-limiting Toxicity (DLT) - Week 13 to Week 22

The incidence rate of DLT while on protocol therapy where DLT is defined as (1) Grade 3 or greater nonhematological adverse event that is possibly, probably, or likely related to therapy with the specific exception of Grade 3 or greater nausea or vomiting controlled by standard supportive care measures, Grade 3 infection and Grade 3 alopecia; or (2) Grade 4 or higher hematological AE that delays the administration of therapy at least 2 weeks. (NCT00618813)
Timeframe: Week 13 to week 22

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment (Combination Chemotherapy)9

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Incidence Rate (Number of Participants) of Dose-limiting Toxicity (DLT) - Week 23 to Week 28

The incidence rate of DLT while on protocol therapy where DLT is defined as (1) Grade 3 or greater nonhematological adverse event that is possibly, probably, or likely related to therapy with the specific exception of Grade 3 or greater nausea or vomiting controlled by standard supportive care measures, Grade 3 infection and Grade 3 alopecia; or (2) Grade 4 or higher hematological AE that delays the administration of therapy at least 2 weeks. (NCT00618813)
Timeframe: Week 23 to week 28

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment (Combination Chemotherapy)9

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Incidence of Death

Incidence of death from complications of therapy while the patient is on protocol therapy or within one month of terminating protocol therapy (NCT00618813)
Timeframe: Length of protocol therapy (up to 37 weeks) plus 30 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment (Combination Chemotherapy)0

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2-Year Event Free Survival (EFS) in Patients With Localized Resectable Disease Compared to St. Jude OS99 Protocol.

The current protocol OS2008 (NCT00667342) was closed early due to slow accrual. Thus, with the limited number of patients, the comparison of EFS of OS20008 to that of OS99 (NCT00145639) participants was not done. The 2-year EFS of OS2008 participants is reported here. (NCT00667342)
Timeframe: After all patients have completed therapy, up to 2 years after last patient is enrolled

Interventionprobability (Number)
A: Localized Resectable Disease0.642

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2-Year Event Free Survival (EFS) of Patients With Osteosarcoma

Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the EFS of patients with osteosarcoma treated with chemotherapy and Bevacizumab. (NCT00667342)
Timeframe: After all patients have completed therapy, up to 2 years after last patient is enrolled

Interventionprobability (Number)
All Participants0.617

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3-Year Event Free Survival

To study the effect of adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy comprised of cisplatin, doxorubicin, and high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) on the event-free survival (EFS) in patients with localized resectable osteosarcoma. The Kaplan-Meier (K-M) method was used to estimate survival rate. (NCT00667342)
Timeframe: After all patients have completed therapy, up to 4 years after last patient is enrolled

InterventionProbability (Number)
A: Localized Resectable Disease0.575

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Mean Duration of Neuropathic Pain

Thirty participants who underwent surgery (31 surgeries) were determined to have neuropathic pain (NP). Four participants received only opioids for NP and 26 participants (for 27 surgeries) were treated with NP specific medications including gabapentin, tricyclic antidepressant, methadone. One participant had 2 different surgical procedures and was analyzed both in the limb sparing group and in the amputation group. (NCT00667342)
Timeframe: From surgery until resolution of NP symptoms, up to 6 months

InterventionWeeks (Mean)
Amputation Group4.9
Limb Sparing Group7.2
Entire Study Group6.5

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2-Year Overall Survival (OS) in Patients With Localized Resectable Disease Compared to OS99 Protocol.

The current protocol OS2008 (NCT00667342) was closed early due to slow accrual. Thus, with the limited number of patients, the comparison of EFS of OS2008 to that of OS99 (NCT00145639) participants was not done. The 2-year OS of OS2008 participants is reported here. (NCT00667342)
Timeframe: After all patients have completed therapy, up to 2 years after last patient is enrolled

Interventionprobability (Number)
A: Localized Resectable Disease0.934

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Mean Duration of Neuropathic Pain Medication

Thirty participants who underwent surgery (31 surgeries) were determined to have neuropathic pain. Four participants received only opioids for NP and 26 participants (for 27 surgeries) were treated with NP specific medications including gabapentin, tricyclic antidepressant, methadone. One participant had 2 different surgical procedures and was analyzed both in the limb sparing group and in the amputation group. (NCT00667342)
Timeframe: From surgery until resolution of NP symptoms, up to 6 months

InterventionWeeks (Mean)
Amputation Group9.0
Limb Sparing Group9.8
Entire Study Group9.5

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Median Duration of Neuropathic Pain

Thirty participants who underwent surgery (31 surgeries) were determined to have neuropathic pain. Four participants received only opioids for NP and 26 participants (for 27 surgeries) were treated with NP specific medications including gabapentin, tricyclic antidepressant, methadone. One participant had 2 different surgical procedures and was analyzed both in the limb sparing group and in the amputation group. (NCT00667342)
Timeframe: From surgery until resolution of NP symptoms, up to 6 months

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Amputation Group3.5
Limb Sparing Group4.9
Entire Study Group4.4

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Median Duration of Neuropathic Pain Medication

Thirty participants who underwent surgery (31 surgeries) were determined to have neuropathic pain (NP). Four participants received only opioids for NP and 26 participants (for 27 surgeries) were treated with NP specific medications including gabapentin, tricyclic antidepressant, methadone. One participant had 2 different surgical procedures and was analyzed both in the limb sparing group and in the amputation group. (NCT00667342)
Timeframe: From surgery until resolution of NP symptoms, up to 6 months

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Amputation Group6.5
Limb Sparing Group7.0
Entire Study Group7.0

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Mean Vp

The fractional blood plasma volume (Vp) was used to evaluate clinical outcomes. The average for the distribution across the whole region of interest (ROI) was calculated as a summary measure for each data set. (NCT00667342)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 10

,
Intervention(unitless) (Mean)
BaselineDay -2Day 1Day 5Week 5Week 10
A: Localized Resectable Disease0.00810.00670.00700.00660.00630.0060
C: Metastatic Tumors0.00940.00770.00950.00890.00690.0055

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Mean Ktrans

The volume transfer constant (Ktrans) was used to evaluate clinical outcomes. The average for the distribution across the whole region of interest (ROI) was calculated as a summary measure for each data set. (NCT00667342)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 10

,
Interventionmin(-1) (Mean)
BaselineDay -2Day 1Day 5Week 5Week 10
A: Localized Resectable Disease0.130.110.120.140.080.07
C: Metastatic Tumors0.150.140.160.160.100.07

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Number of Participants With Neuropathic Pain (NP) Following Surgery

Of the 43 participants enrolled on this trial, 37 met criteria for evaluation of neuropathic pain (NP) following definitive surgery. The 37 participants underwent 38 surgeries: one participant had a limb-sparing surgery followed by an amputation surgery. Six of 43 participants were excluded from evaluation for NP: 1 due to deep vein thrombosis, 2 removed from study prior to surgery, 1 removed immediately after surgery to receive radiation therapy, 1 had non-extremity osteosarcoma, and 1 patient had a fibula resection. Patients were followed for neuropathic pain daily for the first week postoperatively and weekly for up to 6 months postoperatively. (NCT00667342)
Timeframe: Up to 6 months postoperatively

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Amputation Group10
Limb Sparing Group20
Entire Study Group30

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Ktrans by Good and Poor Response

The response is based on the Huvos grade of histologic response for DCE-MRI comparisons and is defined as good for ≥90% necrosis and poor for less than 90%. (NCT00667342)
Timeframe: at week 10 after start of therapy

Interventionmin(-1) (Mean)
Poor ResponseGood Response
All Participants0.07750.0491

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2-Year Overall Survival (OS) of Patients With Osteosarcoma

Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the OS of patients with osteosarcoma treated with chemotherapy and Bevacizumab. (NCT00667342)
Timeframe: After all patients have completed therapy, up to 2 years after last patient is enrolled

Interventionprobability (Number)
All Participants0.880

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Mean Ve

The fractional volume of extravascular extracellular space (Ve) was used to evaluate clinical outcomes. The average for the distribution across the whole region of interest (ROI) was calculated as a summary measure for each data set. (NCT00667342)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 10

,
Intervention(unitless) (Mean)
BaselineDay -2Day 1Day 5Week 5Week 10
A: Localized Resectable Disease0.25430.24440.25640.28540.30550.2776
C: Metastatic Tumors0.26710.26230.26020.31260.31050.2726

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Difference Between Good and Poor Response by SUVmax

The response is based on the Huvos grade of histologic response for DCE-MRI comparisons and is defined as good for ≥90% necrosis and poor for less than 90%. (NCT00667342)
Timeframe: at week 10 after start of therapy

Intervention(unitless) (Mean)
Poor ResponseGood Response
All Participants6.28943.2720

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Number of Participants With Unacceptable Toxicity

"Objective: To study the feasibility of combining: 1) bevacizumab with cisplatin, doxorubicin, and high-dose methotrexate (MAP) in patients with localized resectable osteosarcoma; and 2) bevacizumab with MAP and ifosfamide, and etoposide in patients with unresectable or metastatic osteosarcoma.~The target unacceptable toxicity is defined as grade 4 hypertension, proteinuria, or bleeding excluding petechiae/purpura, grade 3/4 thrombosis/embolism excluding catheter-related thrombosis. The unacceptable toxicity for major wound complication is defined as grade 2, 3, or 4 major wound complications.~A six-stage group sequential stopping rule was developed for monitoring unacceptable toxicity." (NCT00667342)
Timeframe: After all patients have completed therapy, up to 1 year after last patient is enrolled

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Grade 4 HypertensionGrade 4 ProteinuriaGrade 4 BleedingGrade 3/4 Thrombosis/EmbolismGrade 2, 3 or 4 Major Wound Complication
A: Localized Resectable Disease00017
C: Metastatic Tumors00002

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Histologic Response by Stratum

"The effect of adding bevacizumab to preoperative chemotherapy comprised of cisplatin, doxorubicin, and HDMTX on the histologic response in patients with localized resectable osteosarcoma compared to historical controls treated with preoperative cisplatin, doxorubicin, and HDMTX without bevacizumab on the Intergroup Study 0133.~Histologic response at week 10 of therapy was evaluated by Huvos grading systems as grade I: tumor not responding to therapy, no effect identified; grade IIA: more than 50% viable tumor left; grade IIB: 5-50% viable tumor remaining; grade III: only scattered foci of viable tumor seen (less than 5% of tumor); grade IV: no viable tumor seen in extensive sampling (at least a full cross-section of the tumor).~The study did not enroll an adequate number of participants, therefore, the comparison to Intergroup Study 0133 participants was not done." (NCT00667342)
Timeframe: After 6 cycles of chemotherapy, up to 1 year after the start of therapy

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Grade IGrade IIAGrade IIBGrade III
A: Localized Resectable Disease15178
C: Metastatic Tumors0173

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P95 of Ktrans by Good and Poor Response

The response is based on the Huvos grade of histologic response for DCE-MRI comparisons and is defined as good for ≥90% necrosis and poor for less than 90%. P95 denotes the level of each kinetic parameter exceeding 95% of its values in each tumor. (NCT00667342)
Timeframe: at week 10 after start of therapy

Interventionmin(-1) (Mean)
Poor ResponseGood Response
All Participants0.20470.1228

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2-year PFS From the Start of Induction Therapy Conditional

2-year PFS from the start of induction therapy conditional on attaining either a negative FDG-PET or a negative biopsy at the interim evaluation. (NCT00712582)
Timeframe: 2 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Consolidation A86.6
Consolidation B90.6
Consolidation C0.4

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Overall Survival at 1 Year

Overall survival from the start of induction therapy conditional on attaining either a negative FDG-PET or a negative biopsy at the interim evaluation. (NCT00712582)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionPercent of patients (Number)
Consolidation A98.3
Consolidation B96.9
Consolidation C50.0

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Percent of Patients MRD Positive (MRD > 0.01%) at End of Consolidation

A 1-sample Z-test of proportions (alpha=5%, 1-sided test) will be used. (NCT00720109)
Timeframe: At end of consolidation (at 11 weeks)

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment Induction (Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy & Chemotherapy)10.5
Standard-risk0
High-risk66.7

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Contribution of Dasatinib on Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) After Induction Therapy

Percent of patients MRD Positive (MRD > 0.01%) at End of Induction. (NCT00720109)
Timeframe: At the end of induction therapy (at 5 weeks)

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment Induction (Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy & Chemotherapy)40.7
Standard-risk29.2
High-risk100.0

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Event-Free Survival (EFS) of Patients With Standard-risk Disease Treated With Dasatinib in Combination With Intensified Chemotherapy

Event-Free Survival (EFS) curves will be constructed using the Kaplan-Meier life table method with standard errors computed using the method of Peto and Peto. A 1-sided 95% confidence interval for EFS will be constructed. (NCT00720109)
Timeframe: At 3 years

InterventionPercent probability (Number)
Treatment Induction (Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy & Chemotherapy)79.8
Standard-risk83.2
High-risk66.7

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Feasibility and Toxicity of an Intensified Chemotherapeutic Regimen Incorporating Dasatinib for Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Ph+ ALL Assessed by Examining Adverse Events

Number of patients in safety cohort with dose limiting toxicity (DLT)(including treatment delay) (NCT00720109)
Timeframe: Weeks 3 through 23 of treatment (From week 3 Induction through Intensification Block 1)

InterventionPts with DLTs (Number)
Treatment Induction (Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy & Chemotherapy)1

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Overall EFS Rate for the Combined Cohort of Standard- and High-Risk Patients (Who Receive the Final Chosen Dose of Dasatinib)

An event is defined as: Induction failure, relapse at any site, secondary malignancy, or death. (NCT00720109)
Timeframe: From the time entry on study to first event or date of last follow-up, assessed up to 7 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Treatment Induction (Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy & Chemotherapy)79.8
Standard-risk83.2
High-risk66.7

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Limiting Toxicity

"The occurrence of Limiting Toxicity defined as Any CTC AE version 4 Grade 3 and 4 non-hematologic toxicity thought to be possibly, probably or definitely related to zoledronic acid with the specific exclusion of:~Grade 3 nausea and vomiting controlled with adequate antiemetic prophylaxis.~Grade 3 transaminase (AST/ALT) that occurs during the evaluation period but resolves to ≤ Grade 2, before the planned dose of therapy after definitive surgery.~Grade 3 fever or infection.~Grade 3 or 4 hypocalcemia (see Section 5.1.1)~Grade 3 mucositis.~Grade 3 fatigue that returns to ≤ Grade 2, before the planned dose of therapy after definitive surgery.~Grade 3 joint range of motion, decreased or joint effusion that is related to the primary tumor." (NCT00742924)
Timeframe: Enrollment through the first 12 weeks of therapy.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Arm 1- Chemotherapy and 1.2 mg/m2 Zoledronic Acid1
Arm 2 - Chemotherapy and 2.3 mg/m2 Zoledronic Acid1
Arm 3 - Chemotherapy and 3.5 mg/m2 Zoledronic Acid3
Chemotherapy and 2.3 mg/m2 Zoledronic Acid After MTD2

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Maximum Administered Dose of Dasatinib (Phase I)

This field captured the maximum dose of dasatinib administered. (NCT00788125)
Timeframe: 28 days after start of course 1

Interventionmg/m2 dose BID (Number)
Period 1: 35 mg/m^2/Dose BID PO Dasatinib x 17 Days35

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Progression - Free Survival (PFS)

The PFS was assessed as median number of days from the date of randomization until the first documented sign of disease progression (increase in disease; radiographic, clinical, or both) or death due to any cause, whichever occurred earlier. (NCT00796120)
Timeframe: Every 6 weeks from randomization during the first 9 months and thereafter, every 9 weeks up to 20 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Trabectedin19.6
Doxorubicin Plus Ifosfamide8.3

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Percentage of Participants With Objective Response

Tumor response was assessed according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria: Partial Response (PR)=at least 30% reduction in the sum of the longest dimensions (LD) of all target lesions in reference to the baseline sum LD, Complete Response (CR) =Disappearance of all non-target lesions. Percentage of participants with objective tumor response was determined by the number of participants with PR or CR divided by the total number of response-evaluable participants. (NCT00796120)
Timeframe: Every 6 weeks during first 9 months of the study and thereafter every 9 weeks up to 20 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Trabectedin5.9
Doxorubicin Plus Ifosfamide27.0

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Overall Survival

Overall survival defined as time from the date of randomization to the date of death. For participants who were alive at the time of analysis, overall survival was censored at the last contact date. (NCT00796120)
Timeframe: Baseline up to End of Study (an average of 4 years)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Trabectedin46.6
Doxorubicin Plus Ifosfamide33.5

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6-month Progression - Free Survival

Percentage of participants survived for 6 months from the start of study treatment without progression of disease. Progression of the disease was associated with increasing symptoms, including pain from new or progressing lesions. Delay in disease progression generally represents a clinical benefit to the participant. (NCT00796120)
Timeframe: 6 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Trabectedin66.7
Doxorubicin Plus Ifosfamide78.3

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Duration of Response (DOR)

The DOR is defined as the time from date of first documentation of response (CR or PR, whichever comes first) to the date of documented PD or death. PR=at least 30% reduction in the sum of the longest dimensions (LD) of all target lesions in reference to the baseline sum LD, CR =Disappearance of all non-target lesions. (NCT00796120)
Timeframe: Up to 20 months

Interventiondays (Median)
TrabectedinNA
Doxorubicin Plus IfosfamideNA

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Patient-reported Peripheral Neuropathy Symptoms - Post Baseline

Patient reported peripheral neuropathy symptoms was measured with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group - neurotoxicity subscale (short version) (FACT/GOG-Ntx subscale). The FACT/GOG-Ntx subscale contains 11 items. Each item was scored using a 5-point scale (0=not at all; 1=a little bit; 2=somewhat; 3=quite a bit; 4=very much). The Ntx score ranges 0-44 with a large score suggesting less peripheral neuropathy symptoms.Quality of Life was analyzed across cohorts since disease site was considered independent of Quality of Life. (NCT00954174)
Timeframe: Prior to cycle 3, Prior to cycle 6, 30 weeks post cycle 1

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Prior to cycle 3Prior to cycle 630 weeks post cycle 1
Regimen I - Uterine and Non-Uterine Subjects37.234.134.8
Regimen II - Uterine and Non-Uterine Subjects37.034.234.9

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Patient Reported Quality of Life (QOL) - Post Baseline

Patient reported quality of life was measured with the Treatment Outcome Index (TOI) of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy for endometrial cancer (FACT-En TOI). The FACT-En TOI is a scale for assessing general QOL of endometrial cancer patients. The FACT-En TOI score ranges 0-120 with a large score suggesting better QOL. Quality of Life was analyzed across cohorts since disease site was considered independent of Quality of Life. (NCT00954174)
Timeframe: Prior to cycle 3, Prior to cycle 6, 30 weeks post cycle 1.

,
Interventionunits on a scale (time point) (Least Squares Mean)
Pre-cycle 3Pree-cycle 630 weeks post cycle 1
Regimen I - Uterine and Non-Uterine Subjects93.391.698.0
Regimen II - Uterine and Non-Uterine Subjects93.391.697.6

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Duration of Progression-free Survival

Measured in months from randomization to last contact or the earlier of the date of progression or death. (NCT00954174)
Timeframe: Approximately 9 years and 7 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Regimen I - Uterine Carcinsarcoma Subjects16.3
Regimen II - Uterine Carcinsarcoma Subjects11.7
Regimen III - Non-uterine Carcinsarcoma Subjects14.6
Regimen IV - Non-uterine Carcinsarcoma Subjects10.3

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Overall Survival

Measured in months from randomization to last contact or death. Primary analysis was restricted to the eligible uterine carcinosarcoma cohort. (NCT00954174)
Timeframe: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed up to 115 months.

Interventionmonths (Median)
Regimen I- Uterine Carcinsarcoma Subjects37.3
Regimen II - Uterine Carcinsarcoma Subjects29

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Patient Reported Peripheral Neuropathy Symptoms - Baseline

Patient reported peripheral neuropathy symptoms was measured with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group - neurotoxicity subscale (short version) (FACT/GOG-Ntx subscale). The FACT/GOG-Ntx subscale contains 11 items. Each item was scored using a 5-point scale (0=not at all; 1=a little bit; 2=somewhat; 3=quite a bit; 4=very much). . The Ntx score ranges 0-44 with a large score suggesting less peripheral neuropathy symptoms. Quality of Life was analyzed across cohorts since disease site was considered independent of Quality of Life. (NCT00954174)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre cycle 1)

Interventionunits on a scale-baseline (Mean)
Regimen I - Uterine and Non-Uterine Subjects40.2
Regimen II - Uterine and Non-Uterine Subjects41.0

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Patient-Reported Quality of Life (QOL) - Baseline

Patient reported quality of life was measured with the Treatment Outcome Index (TOI) of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy for endometrial cancer (FACT-En TOI). The FACT-En TOI is a scale for assessing general QOL of endometrial cancer patients. The FACT-En TOI score ranges 0-120 with a large score suggesting better QOL. Quality of Life was analyzed across cohorts since disease site was considered independent of Quality of Life. (NCT00954174)
Timeframe: Baseline - Prior to study treatment

Interventionunits on a scale (time point) (Mean)
Regimen I - Uterine and Non-Uterine Subjects96.2
Regimen II - Uterine and Non-Uterine Subjects97.5

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Incidence of Adverse Events as Assessed by CTCAE Version 3.0

Maximum grade experienced among all treated and eligible patients. The grades are described by severity. Grade 1 is the lowest (most mild) and Grade 5 being death (most severe). Adverse events were analyzed across cohorts since disease site was considered independent of AEs. (NCT00954174)
Timeframe: Patients were assessed for adverse events during active protocol treatment and up to 30 days after the last cycle of treatment on the protocol.

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Grade 1Grade 2Grade 3Grade 4Grade 5
Regimen I - Uterine and Non-Uterine Subjects3221071306
Regimen II - All Uterine and Non-Uterine Subjects38097613

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Number of Participants Who Developed Anti-robatumumab Antibodies

The incidence of anti-robatumumab antibodies was to be assessed. Only participants who had a negative pre-treatment sample and a post-treatment sample were considered to be evaluable. If a participant had a single sample considered positive in the anti-robatumumab antibody assay (with the exception of pre-treatment positive participants), then they would be counted as positive in the immunogenicity assessment. (NCT00960063)
Timeframe: Prior to 1st and 8th doses of robatumumab, ~30 days after last dose of study drug, and 4 months after last dose of study drug (Up to ~13.3 months)

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Temozolomide+Irinotecan+Robatumumab0
Ifosfamide+Etoposide+Robatumumab0

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Best Overall Response Based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST)

All measurable lesions up to a maximum of 5 lesions per organ and 10 lesions in total, representative of all involved organs were to be identified as target lesions. Data were to be collected at Screening, every 6 weeks and at 30 days after the final dose of robatumumab or the standard treatment assigned (whichever was last). The best overall response was to be the best response recorded from the start of the treatment until disease progression/recurrence. Complete Response (CR): Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR): >30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter (LD) of target lesions; Progressive Disease (PD): >20% increase in the sum of the LD of target lesions or the appearance of one or more new lesions; or Stable Disease (SD): Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD. (NCT00960063)
Timeframe: Screening, every 6 weeks and at ~30 days after last dose of study drug (Up to ~10.3 months)

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Complete Response (CR)Partial Response (PR)Stable Disease (SD)Progressive Disease (PD)
Ifosfamide+Etoposide+Robatumumab0201
Temozolomide+Irinotecan+Robatumumab0100

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Number of Participants With Dose Limiting Toxicities

Dose-limiting toxicity was defined by the following adverse events (AEs) that were considered possibly or probably related to either robatumumab or to its interaction with the chemotherapy regimen assigned: neutropenia (Grade 4 for >1 week that did not resolve prior to Day 1 of the next cycle; Grade 3-4 neutropenia with Grade ≥2 fever lasting 3 days; neutropenic infection; failure to recover to study entry/eligibility criteria laboratory requirement levels that resulted in a delay of 14 days between treatment cycles), thrombocytopenia (Grade 4 for >1 week that did not resolve prior to Day 1 of the next cycle; Grade 3-4 requiring a platelet transfusion on 2 separate days within a cycle) or all other AEs (Grade ≥3 [any duration] not ameliorable by supportive or symptomatic measures). The National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE version 4.0) was to be used to grade AEs. (NCT00960063)
Timeframe: Up to ~30 days after last dose of study drug (Up to ~10.3 months)

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Temozolomide+Irinotecan+Robatumumab1
Ifosfamide+Etoposide+Robatumumab3

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Overall Survival (OS) Rate at 24 Months

Overall Survival is time from date of treatment start until date of death due to any cause or last Follow-up within 24 months. (NCT00967369)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
BICE (Bortezomib, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide)70
ICE (Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide)89

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Progression Free Survival (PFS) Rate at 12 Months

Progression free survival time is defined as the time interval from treatment start to progression or death due to any cause whichever happens first. Participants will be censored at the last follow-up date, if an event(progression/death) is not observed during the follow-up. (NCT00967369)
Timeframe: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed up to 100 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
BICE (Bortezomib, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide)50
ICE (Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide)70

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Overall Response After 3 Cycles of Botezomib Plus ICE (BICE) Versus Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide (ICE) in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Response rates for Bortezomib, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide (BICE) and Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide (ICE) treatment groups were assessed by the 1999 International Working Group (IWG)(CT alone) (Cheson et al., 1999) and compared to 2007 IWG (CT plus PET) (Cheson et al., 2007) criteria. Per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0) for target lesions and assessed by MRI: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), >=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Overall Response (OR) = CR + PR (NCT00967369)
Timeframe: From baseline to 3 cycles of treatment

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Overall ResponseComplete Response (CR)Partial Response (PR)Progressive Disease (PD)Stable Disease (SD)
BICE (Bortezomib, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide)73401
ICE (Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide)61503

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PET Scan Response After 3 Cycles of BICE Versus ICE Chemotherapy.

Response rates for BICE and ICE treatment groups will be assessed by 1999 IWG (CT alone) (Cheson et al., 1999) and compared to 2007 IWG (CT plus PET) (Cheson et al., 2007) criteria. (NCT00967369)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 1 year

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
PET negativity : Complete Response (CR)PET negativity : Partial Response (PR)PET negativity : Stable Disease (SD)PET positivity : Partial Response (PR)PET positivity : Stable Disease (SD)PET positivity : Progressive Disease (PD)
BICE (Bortezomib, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide)300412
ICE (Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide)641220

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Grade 3 and 4 Non-hematologic Toxicities During Protocol Therapy

The number of patients that experience Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) Version 4 grade 3 or higher non-hematologic toxicity at any time during protocol therapy. (NCT01026220)
Timeframe: During and after completion of study treatment.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Group 172

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Relapse-free Survival

A description, survival to relapse, of patterns of relapse after Doxorubicin, Bleomycin, Vincristine, Etoposide - Prednisone, Cyclophosphamide (ABVE-PC) and risk-adapted radiotherapy. (NCT01026220)
Timeframe: 3 years from enrollment

InterventionProbability of survival (Number)
Group 10.82
Group 60.83
Group 70.79

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Overall Survival

Survival from enrollment to death. (NCT01026220)
Timeframe: At 3 years from enrollment

InterventionProbability of survival (Number)
Group 10.97
Group 20.97
Group 30.97

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Second-event-free Survival

Second event here is defined as any relapse/progression of Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) or a previously reported second malignant neoplasm (SMN), a new SMN, or death after a first event which can be relapse/progression of HL, SMN, biopsy-proven HL following completion of Consolidation for Slow Early Response (SER) patient, positive bilateral bone marrow biopsy following completion of Consolidation for Stage IV patient, or death. If death occurs as the 1st event, it also counts as the 2nd event. (NCT01026220)
Timeframe: At 4 years from enrollment

,
InterventionProbability of survival (Number)
Group 10.91
Group 20.94
Group 30.88

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Safety Analysis and Monitoring of Toxic Death

The primary endpoint for safety analysis and monitoring is toxic death, which is death primarily attributable to treatment. (NCT01026220)
Timeframe: Within 30 days of protocol treatment at median follow-up of 48 months (range: 1 to 70 months).

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Group 10

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Event-free Survival for Rapid Early Response (RER) Positron Emission Tomography(PET)-1 Positive, RER PET-1 Negative

To investigate whether very early response assessment measured by Fluorodeoxyglucose-PET after 1 cycle of chemotherapy identifies a subject cohort that can be studied in future trials and that is distinguishable from currently defined RER after 2 cycles. (NCT01026220)
Timeframe: 3 years from enrollment

InterventionProbability of survival (Number)
Group 10.84
Group 40.82
Group 50.90

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Event Free Survival

Survival from enrollment to first event: relapse/progression, second malignancy, or death. (NCT01026220)
Timeframe: At 3 years from enrollment

InterventionProbability of survival (Number)
Group 10.81
Group 20.83
Group 30.78

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Feasibility of the Addition of Cixutumumab to Chemotherapy Determined by Patient Enrollment

Proportion of no Grade 3+ cardiac toxicity. (NCT01055314)
Timeframe: From start to week 26 of therapy

InterventionProportion of Participants (Number)
IMC-A120.9390

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Feasibility of the Addition of Temozolomide to Chemotherapy Determined by Patient Enrollment

Proportion of no Grade 4+ non-hematologic toxicity. (NCT01055314)
Timeframe: From start to week 26 of therapy

InterventionProportion of Participants (Number)
Temozolomide0.7097

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Incidence of Adverse Events Assessed by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0

Number of patients with grade 3+ adverse events (AE) during therapy. (Grade 3+) = (Grade 3 + Grade 4 + Grade 5) . Grade 3: Severe and undesirable AE; Grade 4: Life threatening or disabling AE; Grade 5: Death related to AE. (NCT01055314)
Timeframe: Up to 54 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Number)
IMC-A1289
Temozolomide61

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Event-Free Survival

Probability of no relapse, secondary malignancy, or death after 3 years in the study. (NCT01055314)
Timeframe: 3 years

InterventionProbability (Number)
IMC-A120.1627
Temozolomide0.1919

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Response Rate (CR + PR)

Proportion of patients with complete or partial response. Complete Response (CR): Complete disappearance of the tumor confirmed at > 4 weeks. Partial Response (PR): At least 64% decrease in volume compared to the measurement obtained at study enrollment; Overall Response (OR) = CR + PR. (NCT01055314)
Timeframe: From the start of treatment until a maximum of 2 cycles (21 days per cycle) of treatment in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicities

InterventionProportion of Participants (Number)
IMC-A120.7667
Temozolomide0.7846

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Total Number of Participants Who Did Not Collect ≥5 x 10^6 CD34 Cells/kg in a Maximum of Four Apheresis Days

Number of participants who did not collect ≥5 x 10^6 CD34 cells/kg in up to four apheresis days (NCT01097057)
Timeframe: Up to Four Apheresis Days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Rituximab, Etoposide, Carboplatin, Ifosfamide)0

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Number of Participants Requiring One or Two Apheresis Collection Days to Reach ≥5 x 10^6 CD34 Cells/kg

Number of participants requiring one or two apheresis collection days to reach collection goal. (NCT01097057)
Timeframe: Up to Four Apheresis Days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
One apheresis collection dayTwo apheresis collection daysThree apheresis collection daysFour apheresis collection days
Treatment (Rituximab, Etoposide, Carboplatin, Ifosfamide)15200

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Number of Patients to Mobilize ≥5 x 10^6 CD34 Cells/kg Autologous PBSC (Efficacy)

Number of patients who achieved ≥5 x 10^6 CD34 cells/kg autologous PBSC collection by apheresis. (NCT01097057)
Timeframe: One Month

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Rituximab, Etoposide, Carboplatin, Ifosfamide)17

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Number of Patients Who Achieved ≥5 x 10^6 CD34 Cells/kg in ≤4 Apheresis Days

Number of patients to collect at least 5 x 10^6 CD34 cells/kg in under 4 apheresis procedures. (NCT01097057)
Timeframe: Up to Four Apheresis Days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Rituximab, Etoposide, Carboplatin, Ifosfamide)17

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Number of Participants With Complete Remission (CR)

Will be assessed by Kaplan-Meier methods. (NCT01169636)
Timeframe: Assessed after 3 cycles of ICE (2 months)

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Complete ResponsePartial ResponseStable DiseaseProgressive Disease
Phase I: Panobinostat + ICE (Maximal Tolerated Dose (MTD)21422
Phase II Panobinostat + ICE9020
Phase II: Standard of Care (ICE)8121

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Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Panobinostat + ICE

Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Panobinostat + ICE (NCT01169636)
Timeframe: From first dose of panobinostat (or chemotherapy, in the arm of ICE alone) until 30 days after last dose, up to 6 years

Interventionmg (Number)
Phase I: Panobinostat + ICE (Maximal Tolerated Dose (MTD)30

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Percentage of Participants With Failure Free Survival (FFS)

FFS duration was calculated from date of study entry to date of progression or death or change of therapy, whichever came first. (NCT01169636)
Timeframe: 16 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Phase I: Panobinostat + ICE (Maximal Tolerated Dose (MTD)61
Phase II: Standard of Care (ICE)82
Phase II Panobinostat + ICE75

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Event-Free Survival

Estimated 5-year EFS where EFS is calculated as the time from study enrollment to disease progression, disease relapse, occurrence of a second malignant neoplasm, death from any cause or last follow-up whichever occurs first. Kaplan-Meier method is used for estimation. Patients without an event are censored at last contact. (NCT01231906)
Timeframe: 5 years after enrollment

InterventionPercent Probability (Number)
Arm A (Combination Chemotherapy)77.64
Arm B (Combination Chemotherapy, Topotecan Hydrochloride)78.79

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Mobilization Rate

Feasibility of mobilization with ofatumumab + chemotherapy is defined as successful collection of 2 x 10^6CD34+ stem cell/kg and successful purging of the apheresis product of all the markers (i.e., monoclonal B-cells, bcl-2, bcl-1 and/or JH) that were found to be positive on pretreatment evaluation. Mobilization rate is number of participants with successful collection out of total study participants. (NCT01329900)
Timeframe: Mobilization rate measured on Day 21

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Ofatumumab + Stem Cell Collection50

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Progression Free Survival

Defined as the duration of time from randomization to progressive disease (per RECIST), local recurrence, distant metastatic disease (exclusive of stage IV subjects), or death, whichever occurs first. (NCT01446809)
Timeframe: Up to 3 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm I (Pazopanib Hydrochloride)10
Arm II (Placebo)4

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Change in Maximum SUV of Tumors Measured by FDG-PET Pre- and Post Receipt of Pazopanib Versus Placebo

Change in maximum SUV (standardized uptake value) of tumors measured by FDG-PET. Comparison conducted using a two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test. (NCT01446809)
Timeframe: From baseline to 15 days

InterventionStandardized uptake value-SUV (Median)
Pazopanib-0.1
Placebo-0.1

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Number of Participants With Pathologic Response at the Time of Surgery as Measured by % Tumor Viability ( >= 95% Necrosis)

Estimate the amount of viable tumor, and report the percentage of necrosis. Analysis was only completed on a subset of participants. (NCT01446809)
Timeframe: An expected average of 12 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Pazopanib6
Placebo6

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Overall Survival

Defined as the interval of time from randomization until death from any cause. (NCT01446809)
Timeframe: Up to 3 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Pazopanib12
Placebo4

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Pharmacokinetic Profile of Pazopanib

Trough plasma pazopanib concentration measured during the 14 day run-in period on days 10 through 14. (NCT01446809)
Timeframe: Up to 14 days

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Pazopanib56.38
Placebo0

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Change in Levels of VEGF and Soluble VEGFR2 Assessed by ELISA on Plasma and Tumor Extracts

Plasma will be collected for measurement of VEGF and soluble VEGFR2 (sVEGFR2) at baseline, after the 14 day Run-in period of pazopanib, after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and approximately every 3 months thereafter until completion of pazopanib maintenance therapy, when indicated. Quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for VEGF and sVEGFR2 will be performed on plasma and tumor extracts. Plasma will also be collected for micro RNA at baseline, after the 14 day Run-in period of pazopanib, following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and every 3 months thereafter until completion of pazopanib maintenance therapy, when indicated. (NCT01446809)
Timeframe: At baseline and after 14 days

Interventionpercentage of concentration (Number)
PazopanibNA
PlaceboNA

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Change in Maximum SUV of Tumors Measured by FDG-PET Post Receipt of 2 Courses of Preoperative Chemotherapy

Change in maximum SUV of tumors measured by FDG-PET. Comparison conducted using a two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test. (NCT01446809)
Timeframe: From baseline to 8 weeks

InterventionSUV (Median)
Pazopanib-1.1
Placebo-4.0

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Complete Response

Complete response (CR) defined as: No emetic episodes and no rescue medications. This is a cross-over designed study, the outcomes by single dose, two doses and control cycles were evaluated by combining the results from both cycle 1 and cycle 2 according to the treatment received. (NCT01490060)
Timeframe: From Day 1 to Day 5 in two 21-days cycles (Cycle 1 and Cycle 2).

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Control Cycle (Arm A/Arm B)17
Arm A: Single Dose, Day 110
Arm B: Two Doses, Day 1 + Day 450

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Estimation of the PFS Distribution of Patients With NGGCT Treated With Involved-field Radiation Therapy (IFR)

Kaplan Meier estimate of the 3-year PFS is provided. PFS is the time interval measured from enrollment until progression or death from any cause or until last follow-up for those who were event free at the time of analysis. Patients who were lost to follow-up or withdrew consent were censored in this analysis. Progression was determined by MRI using the COG Guidelines for Measurement of Tumor Size (>25% increase in 2D or >40% in 3D of the product of perpendicular diameters of the target lesion) as well as by tumor marker assessments which were mandatory for this study. (NCT01602666)
Timeframe: Up to 3 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Stratum 1 Localized Non-Germinomatous Germ Cell Tumors (NGGCT)87.88

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Estimation of the PFS Distribution of Patients With Localized Germinoma Patients and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Serum hCGbeta of 50 mIU/mL or Less or CSF Serum hCGbeta Greater Than 50 mIU/mL and Less Than or Equal to 100 mIU/mL

Kaplan Meier estimate of the 3-year PFS rate is provided. PFS is the time interval measured from initiation of treatment until progression or death from any cause or until last follow-up for those who were event free at the time of analysis. Patients who were lost to follow-up or withdrew consent were censored in this analysis. Progression was determined by MRI using the COG Guidelines for Measurement of Tumor Size (>25% increase in 2D or >40% in 3D of the product of perpendicular diameters of the target lesion) as well as by tumor marker assessments which were mandatory for this study. (NCT01602666)
Timeframe: Up to 3 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
hCGbeta <= 50 mIU/mL93.26
50 mIU/mL < hCGbeta <= 100 mIU/mL80.00

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Estimation of the OS Distribution of Patients With Localized Germinoma Patients and CSF Serum hCGbeta of 50 mIU/mL or Less or CSF Serum hCGbeta Greater Than 50 mIU/mL and Less Than or Equal to 100 mIU/mL

Kaplan Meier estimate of the 3-year overall survival (OS) is provided for each group. OS is the time interval measured from enrollment until death from any cause or until last follow-up for those who were alive at the time of analysis. Patients who were lost to follow-up or withdrew consent were censored in this analysis. (NCT01602666)
Timeframe: Up to 3 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
hCGbeta <= 50 mIU/mL98.38
50 mIU/mL < hCGbeta <= 100 mIU/mL100

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Estimation of the Overall Survival (OS) Distribution of Patients With NGGCT Treated With IFR Assessed

Kaplan Meier estimate of the 3-year overall survival (OS) is provided. OS is the time interval measured from enrollment until death from any cause or until last follow-up for those who were alive at the time of analysis. Patients who were lost to follow-up or withdrew consent were censored in this analysis. (NCT01602666)
Timeframe: Up to 3 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Stratum 1 Localized Non-Germinomatous Germ Cell Tumors (NGGCT)92.42

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3-year Progression-free Survival (PFS) Rate of Patients With Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor (NGGCT) Who Were Treated With Reduced Dose Whole Ventricular-field Irradiation

"Binomial estimate of the 3-year PFS rate defined as Yes for patients who were followed up per protocol and were progression free at 3-years, and No for those who either experienced a progression or were lost to follow-up/withdrew from the trial within 3 years from enrollment. Progression was determined by MRI using the COG Guidelines for Measurement of Tumor Size (>25% increase in 2D or >40% in 3D of the product of perpendicular diameters of the target lesion) as well as by tumor marker assessments which were mandatory for this study." (NCT01602666)
Timeframe: 3 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Stratum 1 Localized Non-Germinomatous Germ Cell Tumors (NGGCT)83.33

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3-year PFS Rate of Patients With Localized CNS Germinoma Who Were Treated With Reduced Dose Radiation Therapy

"Binomial estimate of the 3-year PFS rate defined as Yes for patients who were followed up per protocol and were progression free at 3-years, and No for those who either experienced a progression or were lost to follow-up/withdrew from the trial within 3 years from initiation of treatment. Progression was determined by MRI using the COG Guidelines for Measurement of Tumor Size (>25% increase in 2D or >40% in 3D of the product of perpendicular diameters of the target lesion) as well as by tumor marker assessments which were mandatory for this study." (NCT01602666)
Timeframe: 3 years

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Stratum 2 Localized Germinoma86.49

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Progression Free Survival (PFS)

Summarized by Kaplan-Meier methods including 90% confidence intervals for the median using method of Brookmeyer and Crowley. Time until progression, death or last evaluation will be calculated. If a patient did not progress or die, they will be censored at their last evaluation in the analysis. (NCT01808534)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years

Interventionmonths (Median)
Treatment (Palifosfamide)0.69

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Duration of Remission in Patients Who Achieve a Partial or Complete Response

The duration of remission is from the time of confirmed partial or complete response until progression or death. Patients continuing in remission at the end of the study will be treated as censored. Summarized by Kaplan-Meier methods including 90% confidence intervals for the median using method of Brookmeyer and Crowley. Note: There were no patients who achieved partial or complete response. (NCT01808534)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years

Interventionmonths (Median)
Treatment (Palifosfamide)0

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Overall Response Rate (Defined as Partial Response or Complete Response)

The percent of patients who were shown as having a partial remission or better based on definitions of response in RECIST 1.1. At least a 30% decrease in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, in reference to baseline sum diameters, needs to be confirmed to be considered as partial response or better. Note: There were no patients with a partial or complete response. (NCT01808534)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment (Palifosfamide)0

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Overall Survival

Summarized by Kaplan-Meier methods including 90% confidence intervals for the median using method of Brookmeyer and Crowley. Time until death or last evaluation will be calculated. If a patient did not die, they will be censored in the analysis at their last known alive date. (NCT01808534)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years

Interventionmonths (Median)
Treatment (Palifosfamide)0.95

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Response to Window Therapy (2 Courses) for Group B (High-risk) - ESFT Participants

Response rate will be defined as the proportion of patients who achieved complete response or partial response (CR+PR) using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria evaluated after two initial courses of temsirolimus, temozolomide and irinotecan in previously untreated patients with high risk Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumor (ESFT). Participants who are treated in Group B with Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor (DSRCT) or those who do not receive window therapy will not be included in this analysis. (NCT01946529)
Timeframe: at 6 weeks after start of therapy (after 2 initial courses)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Partial Response (PR)Stable disease (no response) (NR)Progressive Disease (PD)
Group B (High Risk) - ESFT381

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Overall Survival

The estimated distributions of overall survival will be obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method. Corresponding confidence intervals using the methodology of Brookmeyer and Crowley will be computed. It is assumed a priori that any drop out times will be non-informative in terms of the censoring mechanism. Groups defined by levels of categorical or dichotomized numeric demographic/baseline variables will be compared in regards to time-to-event distributions using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards model regression will be utilized for multivariate analyses. (NCT01959698)
Timeframe: From the start of treatment until death for any reason, assessed up to 5 years

Interventionmonths (Median)
Treatment (Carfilzomib, Rituximab, Chemotherapy)22.6

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Complete Response Rate According to the International Working Group Response Criteria as Reported by the Revised Cheson Criteria

Efficacy rates were estimated using simple relative frequencies. Complete response rate after 3 cycles of C R ICE in patients age of 18 to 75 with relapsed/refractory CD20-positive DLBCL treated with rituximab-based immunochemotherapy (e.g., R-CHOP, R-EPOCH, R-HyperCVAD, etc.) induction. Response was based on a Modified Cheson Criteria with Complete response (CR): All lesions with a longest diameter ≤ 15 mm or short axis ≤ 10 mm (Not palpable during the clinical examination, No visible nodule on imaging, And disappearance of all non-nodal target lesions Or in case of hypermetabolic disease on the baseline PET scan, negative PET scan whatever the appearance of lesions on CT) and Partial Response (PR): ≥ 50 % of sum of the products of the diameters (SPD) of target lesions or in the case of hypermetabolic lesions on the baseline PET scan, persistence of at least one PET-positive site without progression of other lesions on CT (≥ 50 % of SPD of target lesions (or longest diameter if a si (NCT01959698)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment (Carfilzomib, Rituximab, Chemotherapy)48

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MTD Defined as the Dose of Carfilzomib Added to Standard R-ICE Chemotherapy Which, if Exceeded, Would Put the Patient at an Undesirable Risk of Medically Unacceptable Dose-limiting Toxicities (Phase I)

(NCT01959698)
Timeframe: 28 days

Interventionmg/m2 (Number)
Dose Level 1: Carfilzomib 10mg/m2(d1-2; d8-9)NA
Dose Level 2: Carfilzomib 15mg/m2(d1-2; d8-9)NA
Dose Level 3: Carfilzomib 20mg/m2(d1-2; d8-9)NA
Dose Level 4: Carfilzomib 20mg/m2(d1-2); 27mg/m2(d8-9)NA
Dose Level 5: Carfilzomib 20mg/m2(d1-2); 36mg/m2(d8-9)NA
Dose Level 6: Carfilzomib 20mg/m2(d1-2); 45mg/m2(d8-9)NA
Expansion Cohort: Carfilzomib 20mg/m2(d1-2); 45mg/m2(d8-9)NA

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Overall Response Rate (PR + CR)

Overall response rate (CR and PR) after 3 cycles of C R ICE in patients age of 18 to 75 with relapsed/refractory CD20-positive DLBCL treated with rituximab-based immunochemotherapy (e.g., R-CHOP, R-EPOCH, R-HyperCVAD, etc.) induction. Response was based on a Modified Cheson Criteria with Complete response (CR): All lesions with a longest diameter ≤ 15 mm or short axis ≤ 10 mm (Not palpable during the clinical examination, No visible nodule on imaging, And disappearance of all non-nodal target lesions Or in case of hypermetabolic disease on the baseline PET scan, negative PET scan whatever the appearance of lesions on CT) and Partial Response (PR): ≥ 50 % of sum of the products of the diameters (SPD) of target lesions or in the case of hypermetabolic lesions on the baseline PET scan, persistence of at least one PET-positive site without progression of other lesions on CT (≥ 50 % of SPD of target lesions (or longest diameter if a single nodule) No clinically enlarged liver or spleen) (NCT01959698)
Timeframe: The time measurement criteria are first met for CR until the first date that recurrent disease is objectively documented, assessed up to 12 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment (Carfilzomib, Rituximab, Chemotherapy)66

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Progression-free Survival

The estimated distributions of progression-free survival will be obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method. Corresponding confidence intervals using the methodology of Brookmeyer and Crowley will be computed. It is assumed a priori that any drop out times will be non-informative in terms of the censoring mechanism. Groups defined by levels of categorical or dichotomized numeric demographic/baseline variables will be compared in regards to time-to-event distributions using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards model regression will be utilized for multivariate analyses. (NCT01959698)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years

Interventionmonths (Median)
Treatment (Carfilzomib, Rituximab, Chemotherapy)15.2

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Toxicity of the Addition of Carfilzomib to R-ICE at the MTD, Assessed by the CTEP Version 4.0 of the NCI CTCAE

Count of participants that experienced serious adverse events assessed by the CTEP version 4.0 of the NCI CTCAE (NCT01959698)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Dose Level 1: Carfilzomib 10mg/m2(d1-2; d8-9)2
Dose Level 2: Carfilzomib 15mg/m2(d1-2; d8-9)0
Dose Level 3: Carfilzomib 20mg/m2(d1-2; d8-9)0
Dose Level 4: Carfilzomib 20mg/m2(d1-2); 27mg/m2(d8-9)1
Dose Level 5: Carfilzomib 20mg/m2(d1-2); 36mg/m2(d8-9)1
Dose Level 6: Carfilzomib 20mg/m2(d1-2); 45mg/m2(d8-9)3
Expansion Cohort: Carfilzomib 20mg/m2(d1-2); 45mg/m2(d8-9)4

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Prognostic Significance of Minimal Residual Disease

Analyzed by estimating the 2-year EFS of negative MRD and positive MRD by arm. Minimal disease was performed using serial assessments of the t(2;5)(p23;q35) NPM-ALK fusion transcript using quantitative RT-PCR. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed by extracting total RNA from peripheral blood specimens. Peripheral blood samples were obtained at baseline, on day 1 of cycle 1, and on day 1 of cycle 2. The normalized copy numbers (NCN) were expressed as copy numbers of NPM-ALK per 104 copies of ABL. Minimal disease (MDD) was defined as >10 NCN at baseline. (NCT01979536)
Timeframe: Baseline up to progressive disease, relapse, or death, assessed up to 2 years

InterventionPercentage of patients (Number)
MRD Negative Arm BV (Brentuximab Vedotin, Combination Chemotherapy)89
MRD Positive Arm BV (Brentuximab Vedotin, Combination Chemotherapy)52.6
MRD Negative Arm CZ (Crizotinib, Combination Chemotherapy)85.6
MRD Positive Arm CZ (Crizotinib, Combination Chemotherapy)58.1

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Occurrence of Grade 3+ Non-hematologic Adverse Events

Will be assessed using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. Toxicities will be summarized by individual toxicity counts separated by arm. (NCT01979536)
Timeframe: Up to 60 months

InterventionPercentage of patients (Number)
Arm BV (Brentuximab Vedotin, Combination Chemotherapy)80.6
Arm CZ (Crizotinib, Combination Chemotherapy)87.9

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Event Free Survival (EFS)

The Kaplan-Meier method will be used to estimate the 2-year EFS for each of the treatment regimens. (NCT01979536)
Timeframe: Time from study entry until progressive disease, relapse, or death, assessed up to 2 years

InterventionPercentage of patients (Number)
Arm BV (Brentuximab Vedotin, Combination Chemotherapy)78.8
Arm CZ (Crizotinib, Combination Chemotherapy)76.8

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Highest FEV1 After Methacholine Challenge

Serial FEV1 was measured post inhalation of methacholine challenges for 90 minutes. The highest FEV1 at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes following methacholine challenge were evaluated for each subject. The minimum highest FEV1 was derived using the first three available measures that cover the first 30 minutes after the challenge. (NCT01993329)
Timeframe: Screening (Day -21 to Day -1) and Day 3

,,,
InterventionLiters (Mean)
+ 5 minutes+15 minutes+30 minutes+45 minutes+60 minutes+90 minutesMinimum Highest FEV1
Gefapixant 3002.432.672.832.993.063.122.43
Gefapixant 502.532.722.933.023.113.152.53
Placebo2.542.772.943.033.143.182.54
Screening2.442.692.862.932.993.102.44

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Provocative Concentration (PC20) After Methacholine Challenge

The provocative concentration (PC) of inhaled methacholine required to reduce forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) by 20% (PC20) was calculated from the methacholine challenge at screening and 2 hours (+15 minutes) post dose on Day 3 of each Treatment Period using a five-breath dosimeter method. The primary endpoint was the methacholine PC20 value normalized by means of a log (base 2) transformation, at 2 dose levels compared with placebo in participants with asthma following provocation with methacholine. (NCT01993329)
Timeframe: Screening (Day -21 to Day -1) and Day 3

Interventionlog [mg/mL] (Geometric Mean)
Gefapixant 500.91
Gefapixant 3000.84
Placebo0.82

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Tmax of Itacitinib in Combination With Parsaclisib

tmax is defined as the time to the maximum concentration of itacitinib. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Day 15; pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours post-dose

Interventionhours (Median)
Parsaclisib 20/30 mg + Itacitinib 300 mg2.0

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Parts 1 and 2: Cmax of Parsaclisib as Monotherapy and in Combination With Itacitinib

Cmax is defined as the maximum observed plasma or serum concentration of parsaclisib. PK samples collected in Part 2, the combination dose escalation study, and in Part 3, Cohort E expansion group, were analyzed for both parsaclisib and itacitinib. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Days 1 and 15; pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours post-dose

,,,,,,,
Interventionnmol (Mean)
Cycle 1 Day 1Cycle 1 Day 15
Parsaclisib 10 mg QD791856
Parsaclisib 15 mg QD8081310
Parsaclisib 20 mg + Itacitinib 300 mg17402390
Parsaclisib 20 mg QD12701280
Parsaclisib 30 mg + Itacitinib 300 mg20402500
Parsaclisib 30 mg QD32703310
Parsaclisib 45 mg QD40105530
Parsaclisib 5 mg QD354690

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Parts 1 and 2: Cmin of Parsaclisib as Monotherapy and in Combination With Itacitinib

Cmin is defined as the minimum observed plasma or serum concentration over the dose interval of parsaclisib. PK samples collected in Part 2, the combination dose escalation study, and in Part 3, Cohort E expansion group, were analyzed for both parsaclisib and itacitinib. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Days 1 and 15; pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours post-dose

,,,,,,,
Interventionnmol (Mean)
Cycle 1 Day 15
Parsaclisib 10 mg QD104
Parsaclisib 15 mg QD156
Parsaclisib 20 mg + Itacitinib 300 mg515
Parsaclisib 20 mg QD178
Parsaclisib 30 mg + Itacitinib 300 mg341
Parsaclisib 30 mg QD295
Parsaclisib 45 mg QD864
Parsaclisib 5 mg QD127

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Parts 1 and 2: Tmax of Parsaclisib as Monotherapy and in Combination With Itacitinib

tmax is defined as the time to the maximum concentration of parsaclisib. PK samples collected in Part 2, the combination dose escalation study, and in Part 3, Cohort E expansion group, were analyzed for both parsaclisib and itacitinib. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Days 1 and 15; pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours post-dose

,,,,,,,
Interventionhours (Median)
Cycle 1 Day 1Cycle 1 Day 15
Parsaclisib 10 mg QD1.01.0
Parsaclisib 15 mg QD1.01.0
Parsaclisib 20 mg + Itacitinib 300 mg1.01.0
Parsaclisib 20 mg QD1.01.0
Parsaclisib 30 mg + Itacitinib 300 mg1.01.0
Parsaclisib 30 mg QD0.50.5
Parsaclisib 45 mg QD1.00.5
Parsaclisib 5 mg QD2.00.5

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Parts 1 and 2: AUC0-τ of Parsaclisib as Monotherapy and in Combination With Itacitinib

AUC0-τ is defined as the area under the steady-state plasma or serum concentration-time curve over 1 dose interval (i.e., from hour 0 to 12 for q12h administration or from hour 0 to 24 for q24h administration) of parsaclisib. PK samples collected in Part 2, the combination dose escalation study, and in Part 3, Cohort E expansion group, were analyzed for both parsaclisib and itacitinib. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Days 1 and 15; pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours post-dose

,,,,,,,
Interventionhr*nmol/L (Mean)
Cycle 1 Day 15
Parsaclisib 10 mg QD6910
Parsaclisib 15 mg QD11100
Parsaclisib 20 mg + Itacitinib 300 mg22400
Parsaclisib 20 mg QD11900
Parsaclisib 30 mg + Itacitinib 300 mg22900
Parsaclisib 30 mg QD24800
Parsaclisib 45 mg QD47700
Parsaclisib 5 mg QD7130

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Parts 1 and 2: AUC0-t of Parsaclisib as Monotherapy and in Combination With Itacitinib

AUC0-t is defined as the area under the plasma or serum concentration-time curve from time = 0 to the last measurable concentration at time = t of parsaclisib. PK samples collected in Part 2, the combination dose escalation study, and in Part 3, Cohort E expansion group, were analyzed for both parsaclisib and itacitinib. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Days 1 and 15; pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours post-dose

,,,,,,,
Interventionhr*nmol/L (Mean)
Cycle 1 Day 1
Parsaclisib 10 mg QD3260
Parsaclisib 15 mg QD3730
Parsaclisib 20 mg + Itacitinib 300 mg7540
Parsaclisib 20 mg QD5990
Parsaclisib 30 mg + Itacitinib 300 mg10400
Parsaclisib 30 mg QD13300
Parsaclisib 45 mg QD16800
Parsaclisib 5 mg QD2110

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Part 6: ORR (Sum of Participants With CR and PR) Based on the Revised Response Criteria for HL and NHL, Using PET-CT and CT

CR, PET-CT: (a) complete MR; (b) LNs/ELSs: score 1, 2, or 3, with/without residual mass; (c) NNLs; (d) no evidence of fluorodeoxyglucose-avid disease in marrow. CT: complete radiologic response: (a) regression of target nodes/nodal masses to ≤ 1.5 cm in longest transverse lesion diameter; (b) no ELSs of disease; (c) absence of nonmeasured lesions; (d) regression to normal organ size; (e) NNLs; (f) normal morphological bone marrow. PR, PET-CT: (a) partial MR; (b) LNs/ELSs: score 4 or 5, with reduced uptake compared with Baseline and residual mass of any size; (c) NNLs; (d) residual uptake higher than uptake in normal marrow but reduced compared with Baseline. CT: partial remission: (a) LNs/ELSs: ≥ 50% decrease in the sum of the product of the perpendicular diameters for multiple lesions of up to 6 target measurable sites; (b) spleen must have regressed by > 50% in length beyond normal; (c) NNLs. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 4 months

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Parsaclisib 15 mg QD + R-ICE50.0
Parsaclisib 20 mg QD + R-ICE100.0

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Part 1: ORR (Sum of Participants With CR and PR) Based on the Revised Response Criteria for Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), Using Positron Emission Tomography-computed Tomography (PET-CT) and CT

CR, PET-CT: (a) complete metabolic response (MR); (b) lymph nodes and extralymphatic sites (LNs/ELSs): score 1, 2, or 3, with/without residual mass; (c) no new lesions (NNLs); (d) no evidence of fluorodeoxyglucose-avid disease in marrow. CT: complete radiologic response: (a) regression of target nodes/nodal masses to ≤ 1.5 cm in longest transverse lesion diameter; (b) no ELSs of disease; (c) absence of nonmeasured lesions; (d) regression to normal organ size; (e) NNLs; (f) normal morphological bone marrow. PR, PET-CT: (a) partial MR; (b) LNs/ELSs: score 4 or 5, with reduced uptake compared with Baseline and residual mass of any size; (c) NNLs; (d) residual uptake higher than uptake in normal marrow but reduced compared with Baseline. CT: partial remission: (a) LNs/ELSs: ≥ 50% decrease in the sum of the product of the perpendicular diameters for multiple lesions of up to 6 target measurable sites; (b) spleen must have regressed by > 50% in length beyond normal; (c) NNLs. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 53 months (4.4 years)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Parsaclisib 5 mg QD0.0

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Cmin of Itacitinib in Combination With Parsaclisib

Cmin is defined as the minimum observed plasma or serum concentration over the dose interval of itacitinib. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Day 15; pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours post-dose

Interventionnmol (Mean)
Parsaclisib 20/30 mg + Itacitinib 300 mg32.8

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Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)

An adverse event (AE) is defined as the appearance of (or worsening of any pre-existing) undesirable sign(s), symptom(s), or medical condition(s) that occur after a participant provides informed consent. Abnormal laboratory values or test results occurring after informed consent constitute AEs only if they induce clinical signs or symptoms, are considered clinically meaningful, require therapy (e.g., hematologic abnormality that requires transfusion), or require changes in the study drug(s). A TEAE is defined as an event that was reported for the first time, or the worsening of a pre-existing event, after the first dose of study drug. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 53 months (4.4 years)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Parsaclisib 5 mg QD1
Parsaclisib 10 mg QD3
Parsaclisib 15 mg QD3
Parsaclisib 20 mg QD32
Parsaclisib 30 mg QD25
Parsaclisib 45 mg QD4
Parsaclisib 20 mg + Itacitinib 300 mg6
Parsaclisib 30 mg + Itacitinib 300 mg3
Parsaclisib 15 mg QD + R-ICE4
Parsaclisib 20 mg QD + R-ICE1

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Part 1: ORR Based on the VIth International Workshop on Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM) Response Assessment for Participants With WM

ORR: sum of participants achieving minor response (MR), PR, very good partial response (VGPR), and CR. CR: (a) no serum monoclonal IgM protein by immunofixation; (b) normal serum IgM level; (c) complete resolution of extramedullary disease, i.e., lymphadenopathy/splenomegaly if present at Baseline (BL); (d) morphologically normal bone marrow aspirate and trephine biopsy. VGPR: (a) detectable monoclonal IgM protein; (b) ≥90% reduction in serum IgM level from BL; (c) complete resolution of extramedullary disease, i.e., lymphadenopathy/splenomegaly if present at BL; (d) no new signs/symptoms of active disease. PR: (a) detectable monoclonal IgM protein; (b) ≥50% but <90% reduction in serum IgM level from BL; (c) reduction in extramedullary disease, i.e., lymphadenopathy/splenomegaly if present at BL; (d) no new signs/symptoms of active disease. MR: (a) detectable monoclonal IgM protein; (b) ≥25% but <50% reduction in serum IgM level from BL; (d) no new signs/symptoms of active disease. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 53 months (4.4 years)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Parsaclisib 20 mg QD100.0

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Part 1: Overall Response Rate (Percentage of Participants With Complete Response [CR] and Partial Response [PR]) Based on International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (IWCLL) Criteria for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) for CLL Participants

CR: (a) peripheral blood lymphocytes <4 x 10^9/Liter (L); (b) no significant lymphadenopathy and lymph nodes <1.5 centimeters (cm) in longest diameter; (c) no splenomegaly/hepatomegaly; (d) no disease-related constitutional symptoms; (e) neutrophils ≥1.5 x 10^9/L; (f) platelets ≥100 x 10^9/L; (g) hemoglobin ≥11.0 grams/deciliter (g/dL) (without transfusion); (h) minimal residual disease assessment; (i) normocellular marrow, with no CLL cells/no B-lymphoid nodules. PR (improvement in ≥2 Group A parameters and ≥1 Group B parameter if previously abnormal. If only 1 parameter of both Groups A and B was abnormal before therapy, only 1 needs to improve): Group A: (a) decrease of ≥50% (from Baseline) in lymph nodes, liver/spleen size, and circulating lymphocyte count; (b) any constitutional symptoms. Group B: (a) platelets ≥100 x 10^9/L or increase ≥50% over Baseline; (b) hemoglobin ≥11 g/dL or increase ≥50% over Baseline; (c) presence of CLL cells or B-lymphoid nodules. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 53 months (4.4 years)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Parsaclisib 10 mg QD0.0
Parsaclisib 20 mg QD0.0
Parsaclisib 30 mg QD66.7
Parsaclisib 45 mg QD0.0

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Part 3: Tmax of Parsaclisib Monotherapy

tmax is defined as the time to the maximum concentration of parsaclisib. PK samples for parsaclisib monotherapy were collected and analyzed from the Part 3 dose expansion (different participant populations). Cohort A: B-cell malignancies; Cohort B: Hodgkin's lymphoma; Cohort C: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; Cohort D: indolent lymphoma. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Days 1 and 15; pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours post-dose

,
Interventionhours (Median)
Cycle 1 Day 1, Cohort ACycle 1 Day 15, Cohort ACycle 1 Day 1, Cohort BCycle 1 Day 15, Cohort BCycle 1 Day 1, Cohort CCycle 1 Day 15, Cohort CCycle 1 Day 1, Cohort DCycle 1 Day 15, Cohort D
Parsaclisib 20 mg QD0.51.02.00.50.51.01.00.5
Parsaclisib 30 mg QD1.01.01.50.751.00.50.751.0

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Part 3: Cmin of Parsaclisib Monotherapy

Cmin is defined as the minimum observed plasma or serum concentration over the dose interval of parsaclisib. PK samples for parsaclisib monotherapy were collected and analyzed from the Part 3 dose expansion (different participant populations). Cohort A: B-cell malignancies; Cohort B: Hodgkin's lymphoma; Cohort C: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; Cohort D: indolent lymphoma. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Days 1 and 15; pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours post-dose

,
Interventionnmol (Mean)
Cycle 1 Day 15, Cohort ACycle 1 Day 15, Cohort BCycle 1 Day 15, Cohort CCycle 1 Day 15, Cohort D
Parsaclisib 20 mg QD214395197202
Parsaclisib 30 mg QD281296477421

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Part 3: Cmax of Parsaclisib Monotherapy

Cmax is defined as the maximum observed plasma or serum concentration of parsaclisib. PK samples for parsaclisib monotherapy were collected and analyzed from the Part 3 dose expansion (different participant populations). Cohort A: B-cell malignancies; Cohort B: Hodgkin's lymphoma; Cohort C: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; Cohort D: indolent lymphoma. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Days 1 and 15; pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours post-dose

,
Interventionnmol (Mean)
Cycle 1 Day 1, Cohort ACycle 1 Day 15, Cohort ACycle 1 Day 1, Cohort BCycle 1 Day 15, Cohort BCycle 1 Day 1, Cohort CCycle 1 Day 15, Cohort CCycle 1 Day 1, Cohort DCycle 1 Day 15, Cohort D
Parsaclisib 20 mg QD15501720120019301760206017601600
Parsaclisib 30 mg QD23502390172022601760392025002990

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Part 3: AUC0-τ of Parsaclisib Monotherapy

AUC0-τ is defined as the area under the steady-state plasma or serum concentration-time curve over 1 dose interval (i.e., from hour 0 to 12 for once every 12 hours [q12h] administration or from hour 0 to 24 for once every 24 hours [q24h] administration) of parsaclisib. PK samples for parsaclisib monotherapy were collected and analyzed from the Part 3 dose expansion (different participant populations). Cohort A: B-cell malignancies; Cohort B: Hodgkin's lymphoma; Cohort C: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; Cohort D: indolent lymphoma. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Days 1 and 15; pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours post-dose

,
Interventionhr*nmol/L (Mean)
Cycle 1 Day 15, Cohort ACycle 1 Day 15, Cohort BCycle 1 Day 15, Cohort CCycle 1 Day 15, Cohort D
Parsaclisib 20 mg QD12600179001420013600
Parsaclisib 30 mg QD19500201002800025200

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Part 2: Overall Response Rate (Percentage of Participants With CR and PR) Based on IWCLL Criteria for CLL for Participants With CLL

CR: (a) peripheral blood lymphocytes <4 x 10^9/L; (b) no significant lymphadenopathy and lymph nodes <1.5 cm in longest diameter; (c) no splenomegaly/hepatomegaly; (d) no disease-related constitutional symptoms; (e) neutrophils ≥1.5 x 10^9/L; (f) platelets ≥100 x 10^9/L; (g) hemoglobin ≥11.0 g/dL (without transfusion); (h) minimal residual disease assessment; (i) normocellular marrow, with no CLL cells/no B-lymphoid nodules. PR (improvement in ≥2 Group A parameters and ≥1 Group B parameter if previously abnormal. If only 1 parameter of both Groups A and B was abnormal before therapy, only 1 needs to improve): Group A: (a) decrease of ≥50% (from Baseline) in lymph nodes, liver/spleen size, and circulating lymphocyte count; (b) any constitutional symptoms. Group B: (a) platelets ≥100 x 10^9/L or increase ≥50% over Baseline; (b) ≥11 g/dL or increase ≥50% over Baseline; (c) presence of CLL cells or B-lymphoid nodules. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 44 months (3.7 years)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Parsaclisib 20 mg + Itacitinib 300 mg100.0

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AUC0-τ of Itacitinib in Combination With Parsaclisib

AUC0-τ is defined as the area under the steady-state plasma or serum concentration-time curve over 1 dose interval (i.e., from hour 0 to 12 for once every 12 hours [q12h] administration or from hour 0 to 24 for once every 24 hours [q24h] administration) of itacitinib. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Day 15; pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours post-dose

Interventionhr*nmol/L (Mean)
Parsaclisib 20/30 mg + Itacitinib 300 mg6450

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AUC0-t of Itacitinib in Combination With Parsaclisib

AUC0-t is defined as the area under the plasma or serum concentration-time curve from time = 0 to the last measurable concentration at time = t of itacitinib. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Day 15; pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours post-dose

Interventionhours (hr)*nmol/L (Mean)
Parsaclisib 20/30 mg + Itacitinib 300 mg6450

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Part 2: ORR (Sum of Participants With CR and PR) Based on the Revised Response Criteria for HL and NHL, Using PET-CT and CT

CR, PET-CT: (a) complete MR; (b) LNs/ELSs: score 1, 2, or 3, with/without residual mass; (c) NNLs; (d) no evidence of fluorodeoxyglucose-avid disease in marrow. CT: complete radiologic response: (a) regression of target nodes/nodal masses to ≤ 1.5 cm in longest transverse lesion diameter; (b) no ELSs of disease; (c) absence of nonmeasured lesions; (d) regression to normal organ size; (e) NNLs; (f) normal morphological bone marrow. PR, PET-CT: (a) partial MR; (b) LNs/ELSs: score 4 or 5, with reduced uptake compared with Baseline and residual mass of any size; (c) NNLs; (d) residual uptake higher than uptake in normal marrow but reduced compared with Baseline. CT: partial remission: (a) LNs/ELSs: ≥ 50% decrease in the sum of the product of the perpendicular diameters for multiple lesions of up to 6 target measurable sites; (b) spleen must have regressed by > 50% in length beyond normal; (c) NNLs. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 44 months (3.7 years)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Diffuse large B-cell lymphomaFollicular lymphomaMantle cell lymphomaClassical Hodgkin's lymphoma
Parsaclisib 20 mg + Itacitinib 300 mg0.00.0100.050.0

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Part 2: ORR (Sum of Participants With CR and PR) Based on the Revised Response Criteria for HL and NHL, Using PET-CT and CT

CR, PET-CT: (a) complete MR; (b) LNs/ELSs: score 1, 2, or 3, with/without residual mass; (c) NNLs; (d) no evidence of fluorodeoxyglucose-avid disease in marrow. CT: complete radiologic response: (a) regression of target nodes/nodal masses to ≤ 1.5 cm in longest transverse lesion diameter; (b) no ELSs of disease; (c) absence of nonmeasured lesions; (d) regression to normal organ size; (e) NNLs; (f) normal morphological bone marrow. PR, PET-CT: (a) partial MR; (b) LNs/ELSs: score 4 or 5, with reduced uptake compared with Baseline and residual mass of any size; (c) NNLs; (d) residual uptake higher than uptake in normal marrow but reduced compared with Baseline. CT: partial remission: (a) LNs/ELSs: ≥ 50% decrease in the sum of the product of the perpendicular diameters for multiple lesions of up to 6 target measurable sites; (b) spleen must have regressed by > 50% in length beyond normal; (c) NNLs. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 44 months (3.7 years)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Parsaclisib 30 mg + Itacitinib 300 mg0.0

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Part 1: ORR (Sum of Participants With CR and PR) Based on the Revised Response Criteria for Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), Using Positron Emission Tomography-computed Tomography (PET-CT) and CT

CR, PET-CT: (a) complete metabolic response (MR); (b) lymph nodes and extralymphatic sites (LNs/ELSs): score 1, 2, or 3, with/without residual mass; (c) no new lesions (NNLs); (d) no evidence of fluorodeoxyglucose-avid disease in marrow. CT: complete radiologic response: (a) regression of target nodes/nodal masses to ≤ 1.5 cm in longest transverse lesion diameter; (b) no ELSs of disease; (c) absence of nonmeasured lesions; (d) regression to normal organ size; (e) NNLs; (f) normal morphological bone marrow. PR, PET-CT: (a) partial MR; (b) LNs/ELSs: score 4 or 5, with reduced uptake compared with Baseline and residual mass of any size; (c) NNLs; (d) residual uptake higher than uptake in normal marrow but reduced compared with Baseline. CT: partial remission: (a) LNs/ELSs: ≥ 50% decrease in the sum of the product of the perpendicular diameters for multiple lesions of up to 6 target measurable sites; (b) spleen must have regressed by > 50% in length beyond normal; (c) NNLs. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 53 months (4.4 years)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Diffuse large B-cell lymphomaFollicular lymphomaMantle cell lymphomaMarginal zone lymphomaNodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomaSplenic marginal zone lymphomaClassical Hodgkin's lymphomaNodular lymphocytic-predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma
Parsaclisib 30 mg QD16.740.0100.00.0100.0100.00.00.0

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Part 1: ORR (Sum of Participants With CR and PR) Based on the Revised Response Criteria for Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), Using Positron Emission Tomography-computed Tomography (PET-CT) and CT

CR, PET-CT: (a) complete metabolic response (MR); (b) lymph nodes and extralymphatic sites (LNs/ELSs): score 1, 2, or 3, with/without residual mass; (c) no new lesions (NNLs); (d) no evidence of fluorodeoxyglucose-avid disease in marrow. CT: complete radiologic response: (a) regression of target nodes/nodal masses to ≤ 1.5 cm in longest transverse lesion diameter; (b) no ELSs of disease; (c) absence of nonmeasured lesions; (d) regression to normal organ size; (e) NNLs; (f) normal morphological bone marrow. PR, PET-CT: (a) partial MR; (b) LNs/ELSs: score 4 or 5, with reduced uptake compared with Baseline and residual mass of any size; (c) NNLs; (d) residual uptake higher than uptake in normal marrow but reduced compared with Baseline. CT: partial remission: (a) LNs/ELSs: ≥ 50% decrease in the sum of the product of the perpendicular diameters for multiple lesions of up to 6 target measurable sites; (b) spleen must have regressed by > 50% in length beyond normal; (c) NNLs. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 53 months (4.4 years)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Diffuse large B-cell lymphomaFollicular lymphomaMantle cell lymphomaExtranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphatic tissueNodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomaSplenic marginal zone lymphomaClassical Hodgkin's lymphoma
Parsaclisib 20 mg QD36.485.766.750.0100.0100.050.0

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Part 1: ORR (Sum of Participants With CR and PR) Based on the Revised Response Criteria for Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), Using Positron Emission Tomography-computed Tomography (PET-CT) and CT

CR, PET-CT: (a) complete metabolic response (MR); (b) lymph nodes and extralymphatic sites (LNs/ELSs): score 1, 2, or 3, with/without residual mass; (c) no new lesions (NNLs); (d) no evidence of fluorodeoxyglucose-avid disease in marrow. CT: complete radiologic response: (a) regression of target nodes/nodal masses to ≤ 1.5 cm in longest transverse lesion diameter; (b) no ELSs of disease; (c) absence of nonmeasured lesions; (d) regression to normal organ size; (e) NNLs; (f) normal morphological bone marrow. PR, PET-CT: (a) partial MR; (b) LNs/ELSs: score 4 or 5, with reduced uptake compared with Baseline and residual mass of any size; (c) NNLs; (d) residual uptake higher than uptake in normal marrow but reduced compared with Baseline. CT: partial remission: (a) LNs/ELSs: ≥ 50% decrease in the sum of the product of the perpendicular diameters for multiple lesions of up to 6 target measurable sites; (b) spleen must have regressed by > 50% in length beyond normal; (c) NNLs. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 53 months (4.4 years)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Diffuse large B-cell lymphomaMantle cell lymphoma
Parsaclisib 45 mg QD50.00.0

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Part 1: ORR (Sum of Participants With CR and PR) Based on the Revised Response Criteria for Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), Using Positron Emission Tomography-computed Tomography (PET-CT) and CT

CR, PET-CT: (a) complete metabolic response (MR); (b) lymph nodes and extralymphatic sites (LNs/ELSs): score 1, 2, or 3, with/without residual mass; (c) no new lesions (NNLs); (d) no evidence of fluorodeoxyglucose-avid disease in marrow. CT: complete radiologic response: (a) regression of target nodes/nodal masses to ≤ 1.5 cm in longest transverse lesion diameter; (b) no ELSs of disease; (c) absence of nonmeasured lesions; (d) regression to normal organ size; (e) NNLs; (f) normal morphological bone marrow. PR, PET-CT: (a) partial MR; (b) LNs/ELSs: score 4 or 5, with reduced uptake compared with Baseline and residual mass of any size; (c) NNLs; (d) residual uptake higher than uptake in normal marrow but reduced compared with Baseline. CT: partial remission: (a) LNs/ELSs: ≥ 50% decrease in the sum of the product of the perpendicular diameters for multiple lesions of up to 6 target measurable sites; (b) spleen must have regressed by > 50% in length beyond normal; (c) NNLs. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 53 months (4.4 years)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Diffuse large B-cell lymphomaFollicular lymphoma
Parsaclisib 10 mg QD0.0100.0
Parsaclisib 15 mg QD50.0100.0

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Part 3: AUC0-t of Parsaclisib Monotherapy

AUC0-t is defined as the area under the plasma or serum concentration-time curve from time = 0 to the last measurable concentration at time = t of of parsaclisib. PK samples for parsaclisib monotherapy were collected and analyzed from the Part 3 dose expansion (different participant populations). Cohort A: B-cell malignancies; Cohort B: Hodgkin's lymphoma; Cohort C: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; Cohort D: indolent lymphoma. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Days 1 and 15; pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours post-dose

,
Interventionhr*nmol/L (Mean)
Cycle 1 Day 1, Cohort ACycle 1 Day 1, Cohort BCycle 1 Day 1, Cohort CCycle 1 Day 1, Cohort D
Parsaclisib 20 mg QD6530701071107230
Parsaclisib 30 mg QD107008430120009970

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Cmax of Itacitinib in Combination With Parsaclisib

Cmax is defined as the maximum observed plasma or serum concentration of itacitinib. (NCT02018861)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Day 15; pre-dose and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours post-dose

Interventionnanomoles (nmol) (Mean)
Parsaclisib 20/30 mg + Itacitinib 300 mg887

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Pathologic Response Rate, Defined as the Percentage of Participants With Greater Than or Equal to 95% Necrosis.

Descriptive statistical analysis will be conducted. The proportion with 95% confidence interval will be summarized. (NCT02050919)
Timeframe: Assessed at surgical resection

Intervention% of participants (Number)
Treatment (Sorafenib, Chemotherapy, Radiation, Surgery)20

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Overall Survival at 2 Years

Percentage of patients alive at 2 years, Method of Kaplan-Meier used. (NCT02050919)
Timeframe: Time from registration until death from any cause

Interventionpercentage of patients (Number)
Treatment (Sorafenib, Chemotherapy, Radiation, Surgery)82

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Overall Disease-free Survival (Stage IIB-III Patients)

Time from surgical resection to local recurrence, distant metastatic disease or death, subjects with stage IV disease excluded. Method of Kaplan-Meier used. (NCT02050919)
Timeframe: Time from surgical resection to local recurrence, distant metastatic disease, or death, whichever occurs first, assessed up to 2 years

InterventionMonths (Median)
Treatment (Sorafenib, Chemotherapy, Radiation, Surgery)13.3

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Number of Participants With Wound Complications

Wound complication rate, including 1) any secondary operation for wound repair, or 2) wound management without secondary operation including invasive procedures without general or regional anesthesia, readmission for wound care, or persistent deep packing for 120 days or longer. (NCT02050919)
Timeframe: At least 120 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Sorafenib, Chemotherapy, Radiation, Surgery)10

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Number of Participants With Local Recurrence

Number of patients with local recurrence after surgical resection of the primary tumor (NCT02050919)
Timeframe: Time from surgical resection until primary analysis ( Median follow-up for local recurrence 17.11 months, range 6.18 - 42.8 months)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Sorafenib, Chemotherapy, Radiation, Surgery)0

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Number of Grade 3-4 Adverse Events

Measured as the number of Grade 3-4 Adverse Events, graded according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE) version 4.0 (NCT02050919)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years

InterventionGrade 3-4 Adverse Events (Number)
Treatment (Sorafenib, Chemotherapy, Radiation, Surgery)86

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Distant Disease-free Survival (Stage IIB-III Patients)

Time from registration to development of distant metastatic disease or death, subjects with stage IV disease excluded. Method of Kaplan-Meier used. (NCT02050919)
Timeframe: Time from registration until development of distant metastatic disease or death, whichever occurs first, assessed up to 2 years

InterventionMonths (Median)
Treatment (Sorafenib, Chemotherapy, Radiation, Surgery)16.4

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Event-free Survival (EFS) for Modified Augmented Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster Backbone With or Without Bortezomib in All Randomized Patients

EFS is calculated as time from randomization at study entry to first event (induction failure, induction death, relapse, second malignancy, remission death) or date of last contact. Three-year EFS rates will be calculated for both groups. (NCT02112916)
Timeframe: 3 years

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Arm A (Combination Chemotherapy)81.7
Arm B (Combination Chemotherapy, Bortezomib)85.1

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Cumulative Incidence Rates of Isolated Central Nervous System (CNS) Relapse for SR and IR T-ALL Patients on the Non-bortezomib Containing Arm on This Study (no CRT) and Similar Patients on AALL0434 (Receive CRT)

Cumulative incidence of isolated CNS relapse adjusting for competing risks using the method of: Gray R, A class of K-sample tests for comparing the cumulative incidence of a competing risk. Ann Stat 1141:1154, 1988 (NCT02112916)
Timeframe: 3 years

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Isolated CNS RelapseIsolated Bone Marrow RelapseCombined Bone Marrow Relapse
AALL0434 T-ALL Patients2.23.01.8
AALL1231 T-ALL Patients3.61.41.3

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Toxicity Rates Associated With Modified Standard Therapy, Including Dexamethasone and Additional Pegaspargase

Percentage of patients who experienced Grade 3 or higher Toxicity Assessed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 4.0 (NCT02112916)
Timeframe: 3 years from start of therapy by patient

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Total Patients78.0

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EFS for Standard (SR) and Intermediate Risk (IR) T-ALL Patients on the Non-bortezomib Containing Arm on This Study (no Cranial Radiation Therapy [CRT]) and Similar Patients on AALL0434 (Received CRT)

EFS is calculated as time from randomization at study entry to first event (induction failure, induction death, relapse, second malignancy, remission death) or date of last contact. (NCT02112916)
Timeframe: 3 years

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
AALL1231 T-ALL Patients88.3
AALL0434 T-ALL Patients88.8

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EFS for Very High Risk (VHR) T-ALL Patients Treated With High Risk (HR) Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (BFM) Intensification Blocks Who Become Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Negative and Those Who Remain MRD Positive at the End of HR Block 3

EFS will be calculated as time from the end of the three high-risk blocks of therapy to first event (relapse, second malignancy, remission death) or date of last contact. (NCT02112916)
Timeframe: 3 years

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
VHR T-ALL MRD Undetectable25.0
VHR T-ALL MRD Detectable88.9

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EFS for Very High Risk (VHR) T-LLy Patients Treated With HR Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (BFM) Intensification Blocks Who Have Complete or Partial Remission and Those Who do Not Respond

EFS for very high risk (VHR) T-LLy patients treated with HR Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (BFM) intensification blocks who have complete or partial remission and those who do not respond (NCT02112916)
Timeframe: 3 years

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
VHR T-LLy (CR/PR)0

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Percentage of Radiotherapy Patients With Positive Pathologic Response at Week 10

A responder is defined by more than 90% tumor necrosis at week 10. A non-responder has less than 90% necrosis or progressive disease before week 10. (NCT02180867)
Timeframe: Week 10 after induction

InterventionPercentage of patients (Number)
Dose-Finding Level 1 RT0
Dose-Finding Level 2 RT40
Regimen C0
Regimen D0

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Percentage of Chemoradiotherapy Patients With Positive Pathologic Response at Week 13

A responder is defined by more than (90% tumor necrosis at week 13). A non-responder has less than 90% necrosis or progressive disease before week 13. (NCT02180867)
Timeframe: Week 13 after induction

InterventionPercentage of patients (Number)
Dose-Finding Level 1 CR66.67
Regimen A46.67
Regimen B24

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Percentage of Patients Who Experienced Grade 3 or Higher Toxicity Assessed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE)

Participants who experienced Grade 3 or higher toxicity was assessed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). (NCT02180867)
Timeframe: Reporting of adverse events was required from the start of protocol therapy and until 30 days from the last administration of study drugs; up to 1 year

InterventionPercentage of patients (Number)
Adult Patients
Regimen D0

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Percentage of Patients Who Experienced Grade 3 or Higher Toxicity Assessed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE)

Participants who experienced Grade 3 or higher toxicity was assessed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). (NCT02180867)
Timeframe: Reporting of adverse events was required from the start of protocol therapy and until 30 days from the last administration of study drugs; up to 1 year

,,,,,
InterventionPercentage of patients (Number)
Pediatric PatientsAdult Patients
Dose-Finding Level 1 CR6075
Dose-Finding Level 1 RT66.6766.67
Dose-Finding Level 2 RT33.3357.14
Regimen A7586.67
Regimen B33.3336
Regimen C040

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Feasible Dose: Pediatric

The dose of pazopanib that is feasible when given in combination with radiation or chemoradiation in pediatric unresected intermediate- and high-risk NRSTS patients. Initially, up to 10 patients (minimum of 3 patients ≥ 2 and < 18 years of age and 3 patients ≥ 18 years of age) eligible for each of the two study cohorts were non-randomly assigned (to generate 8 patients evaluable for toxicity) to receive treatment with pazopanib at dose level 1. A protocol-defined list of pazopanib-associated adverse events were defined as dose-limiting toxicities. The pazopanib dose determined to be feasible was based on the number of patient-reported dose-limiting toxicities encountered. (NCT02180867)
Timeframe: After the first 6 weeks of Induction

Interventionmilligram per square meter (Number)
All Pediatric Dose Finding CR Cohorts350
All Pediatric Dose Finding RT Cohorts450

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Feasible Dose: Adult

The dose of pazopanib that is feasible when given in combination with radiation or chemoradiation in adult unresected intermediate- and high-risk NRSTS patients. Initially, up to 10 patients (minimum of 3 patients ≥ 2 and < 18 years of age and 3 patients ≥ 18 years of age) eligible for each of the two study cohorts were non-randomly assigned (to generate 8 patients evaluable for toxicity) to receive treatment with pazopanib at dose level 1. A protocol-defined list of pazopanib-associated adverse events were defined as dose-limiting toxicities. The pazopanib dose determined to be feasible was based on the number of patient-reported dose-limiting toxicities encountered. (NCT02180867)
Timeframe: After the first 6 weeks of Induction

Interventionmilligram (Number)
All Adult Dose Finding CR Cohorts600
All Adult Dose Finding RT Cohorts800

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2 Year Progression-free Survival

(NCT02227199)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years from initiation of therapy.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Phase I: Dose Escalation, Dose Level 1 (Brentuximab 1.2mg/kg, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide)2
Phase I: Dose Escalation, Dose Level 2 (Brentuximab 1.5mg/kg, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide)3
Phase II: Dose Expansion (Brentuximab 1.5mg/kg, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide)33

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Percentage of Patients That Achieve a Complete Remission Following Study Treatment

(NCT02227199)
Timeframe: 3 weeks following the completion of chemotherapy

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Phase I: Dose Escalation, Dose Level 1 (Brentuximab 1.2mg/kg, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide)3
Phase I: Dose Escalation, Dose Level 2 (Brentuximab 1.5mg/kg, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide)3
Phase II: Dose Expansion (Brentuximab 1.5mg/kg, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide)26

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2 Year Overall Survival

(NCT02227199)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years from initiation of study therapy.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Phase I: Dose Escalation, Dose Level 1 (Brentuximab 1.2mg/kg, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide)3
Phase I: Dose Escalation, Dose Level 2 (Brentuximab 1.5mg/kg, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide)3
Phase II: Dose Expansion (Brentuximab 1.5mg/kg, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide)37

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Maximum Tolerated Dose of Brentuximab Vedotin That Can be Combined With Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide Chemotherapy

Will be defined as the dose at which =< 1 of 6 patients experience a dose-limiting toxicity. Dose-limiting toxicity will be graded according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. (NCT02227199)
Timeframe: Up to 28 days following the second course of chemotherapy, approximately 70 days

Interventionmg/kg (Number)
Treatment (Brentuximab, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide)1.5

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Overall Survival

Time from study enrollment to death or last patient contact. (NCT02306161)
Timeframe: 5 years after enrollment

InterventionPercent Probability (Number)
Regimen A (VDC/IE)44.93
Regimen B (VDC/IE + Ganitumab)48.19

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Frequency of Toxicity-events

The number of induction or consolidation reporting periods in which a CTC version 4 codeable grade 4 or greater non-hematological adverse event, grade 3 or greater left ventricular systolic dysfunction or the reporting period is terminated because of a CTC codeable event. (NCT02306161)
Timeframe: Up to 202 days

InterventionReporting Periods (Number)
Regimen A (VDC/IE)10
Regimen B (VDC/IE + Ganitumab)27

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Event-free Survival

Estimated 5-year EFS where EFS is calculated as the time from study enrollment to disease progression, disease relapse, occurrence of a second malignant neoplasm, death from any cause or last follow-up whichever occurs first. Kaplan-Meier method is used for estimation. Patients without an event are censored at last contact. (NCT02306161)
Timeframe: 5 years after enrollment

Interventionpercent probability of participants (Number)
Regimen A (VDC/IE)30.88
Regimen B (VDC/IE + Ganitumab)30.4

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Pharmacokinetics: Concentration at Steady State (Css) (Blinatumomab Arm Only)

(NCT02393859)
Timeframe: Day 1: at least 10 hours after infusion start and up to 24 hours; Day 15

Interventionpg/mL (Mean)
Blinatumomab884

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Kaplan Meier Estimate: Event-Free Survival (EFS; Primary Analysis)

"EFS is calculated from the time of randomization until the date of relapse or M2 marrow (representative bone marrow aspirate or biopsy with ≥ 5% and < 25% blasts) after having achieved a complete remission (CR), failure to achieve a CR at the end of treatment, second malignancy, or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first. Participants who failed to achieve a CR following treatment with investigational product (IP) or who died before the disease assessment at the end of treatment were considered treatment failures and assigned an EFS duration of 1 day. Participants still alive and event-free were censored on their last disease assessment date.~Participants were said to be in CR when they had the following:~M1 marrow~Peripheral blood without blasts~Absence of extramedullary leukemic involvement~Months are calculated as days from randomization date to event/censor date, divided by 30.5." (NCT02393859)
Timeframe: As of the primary analysis data cutoff date (17 July 2019), overall median follow-up time for EFS was 22.4 months.

Interventionmonths (Median)
HC3 Chemotherapy7.4
BlinatumomabNA

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Number of Participants With Anti-Blinatumomab Antibodies Postbaseline (Blinatumomab Arm Only)

"Participants receiving blinatumomab had blood samples analyzed for binding antibodies. Samples testing positive for binding antibodies were also tested for neutralizing antibodies.~Participants who were binding antibody-positive or neutralizing antibody-positive post-baseline with a negative or no result at baseline are presented." (NCT02393859)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Day 29.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Binding Antibody PositiveNeutralizing Antibody Positive
Blinatumomab00

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Number of Participants With Shifts From Baseline Grade 0 or 1 to Worst Postbaseline Grade 3 or 4 Clinical Chemistry and Hematology Values

Severity was graded according to the CTCAE version 4.03: 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe, 4=life-threatening, 5=death. Increases (↑) or decreases (↓) in laboratory value grades (Gr) from baseline (BL) to worst postbaseline (→ PB) grade are presented. NA=not available. (NCT02393859)
Timeframe: Up to Day 29 (± 2 days).

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Potassium ↑ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 3Potassium ↓ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 3Potassium ↓ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 4Albumin ↓ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 3Calcium ↓ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 4Alanine Aminotransferase ↑ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 3Alanine Aminotransferase ↑ BL Gr 1 → PB Gr 3Aspartate Aminotransferase ↑ BL Gr NA → PB Gr 3Aspartate Aminotransferase ↑ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 3Aspartate Aminotransferase ↑ BL Gr 1 → PB Gr 3Aspartate Aminotransferase ↑ BL Gr 1 → PB Gr 4Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase ↑ BL Gr NA → PB Gr 3Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase ↑ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 3Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase ↑ BL Gr 1 → PB Gr 3Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase ↑ BL Gr 1 → PB Gr 4Amylase ↑ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 3Amylase ↑ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 4Amylase ↑ BL Gr 1 → PB Gr 3Lipase ↑ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 3Lipase ↑ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 4Bilirubin ↑ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 3Bilirubin ↑ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 4Creatinine ↑ BL Gr NA → PB Gr 3Hemoglobin ↓ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 3Hemoglobin ↓ BL Gr 1 → PB Gr 3Platelets ↓ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 3Platelets ↓ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 4Platelets ↓ BL Gr 1 → PB Gr 3Platelets ↓ BL Gr 1 → PB Gr 4Leukocytes ↓ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 3Leukocytes ↓ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 4Leukocytes ↓ BL Gr 1 → PB Gr 3Leukocytes ↓ BL Gr 1 → PB Gr 4Neutrophils ↓ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 3Neutrophils ↓ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 4Lymphocytes ↑ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 3Lymphocytes ↓ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 3Lymphocytes ↓ BL Gr 0 → PB Gr 4Lymphocytes ↓ BL Gr 1 → PB Gr 3Lymphocytes ↓ BL Gr 1 → PB Gr 4
Blinatumomab15111050010142310122102016622004111313112
HC3 Chemotherapy041011912510360110312101471318244742301101

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Number of Participants With TEAEs of Interest

TEAEs of interest included capillary leak syndrome (CLS), cytokine release syndrome (CRS), decreased immunoglobulins (DI), elevated liver enzymes (ELE), embolic and thrombotic events (ETE), infections (INF), infusion reactions without considering duration (IRWCD), medication errors (ME), neurologic events (NE), neutropenia and febrile neutropenia (NFN), pancreatitis (PNC), tumor lysis syndrome, leukoencephalopathy, immunogenicity. Severity was graded according to the CTCAE version 4.03: 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe, 4=life-threatening, 5=death. (NCT02393859)
Timeframe: From first dose of IP through the last dose of IP (up to Day 29) plus 30 days.

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
CLS EventsCLS Events Grade ≥ 3Serious CLS EventsFatal CLS EventsCLS Events Leading to Discontinuation of IPCLS Events Leading to Interruption of IPCRS EventsCRS Events Grade ≥ 3Serious CRS EventsFatal CRS EventsCRS Events Leading to Discontinuation of IPCRS Events Leading to Interruption of IPDI EventsDI Events Grade ≥ 3Serious DI EventsFatal DI EventsDI Events Leading to Discontinuation of IPDI Events Leading to Interruption of IPELE EventsELE Events Grade ≥ 3Serious ELE EventsFatal ELE EventsELE Events Leading to Discontinuation of IPELE Events Leading to Interruption of IPETE EventsETE Events Grade ≥ 3Serious ETE EventsFatal ETE EventsETE Events Leading to Discontinuation of IPETE Events Leading to Interruption of IPINF EventsINF Events Grade ≥ 3Serious INF EventsFatal INF EventsIFN Events Leading to Discontinuation of IPIFN Events Leading to Interruption of IPIRWCD EventsIRWCD Events Grade ≥ 3Serious IRWCD EventsFatal IRWCD EventsIRWCD Events Leading to Discontinuation of IPIRWCD Events Leading to Interruption of IPME EventsME Events Grade ≥ 3Serious ME EventsFatal ME EventsME Events Leading to Discontinuation of IPME Events Leading to Interruption of IPNE EventsNE Events Grade ≥ 3Serious NE EventsFatal NE EventsNE Events Leading to Discontinuation of IPNE Events Leading to Interruption of IPNFN EventsNFN Events Grade ≥ 3Serious NFN EventsFatal NFN EventsNFN Events Leading to Discontinuation of IPNFN Events Leading to Interruption of IPPNC EventsPNC Events Grade ≥ 3Serious PNC EventsFatal PNC EventsPNC Events Leading to Discontinuation of IPPNC Events Leading to Interruption of IPTumour Lysis Syndrome EventsLeukoencephalopathy EventsImmunogenicity Events
Blinatumomab000000200000911000730000420000251140003721000101001263502312110000000000000
HC3 Chemotherapy111000100000610000159100000000018660004000000000001511001282712000111000000

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Percentage of Participants With an MRD Response Within 29 Days of Treatment Initiation

"At the end of the first treatment cycle (Day 29) a bone marrow aspiration/biopsy was performed and evaluated by the central MRD laboratory.~MRD response was defined as MRD level < 10^-4, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or flow cytometry, at the end of treatment (Cycle 1 Day 29) with study drug. Participants who were part of the MRD Evaluable Set and were missing the end of treatment (Cycle 1 Day 29) assessment for a respective MRD assessment method were considered not to have achieved a response." (NCT02393859)
Timeframe: Up to End of Treatment (Cycle 1, Day 29)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
MRD Response by PCRMRD Response by Flow Cytometry
Blinatumomab93.992.6
HC3 Chemotherapy53.160.0

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Pharmacokinetics: Clearance (CL) (Blinatumomab Arm Only)

(NCT02393859)
Timeframe: Day 1: at least 10 hours after infusion start and up to 24 hours; Day 15

InterventionL/hr/m^2 (Mean)
Blinatumomab1.14

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Kaplan-Meier Estimate of 100-Day Mortality After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (alloHSCT)

"The analysis of 100-day mortality after alloHSCT was assessed for participants who received an alloHSCT while in remission and did not receive any additional anti-leukemic treatment. 100-day mortality after alloHSCT was calculated relative to the date of alloHSCT.~The 100-day mortality rate after alloHSCT was defined as the percentage of participants having died up to 100 days after alloHSCT, estimated using the estimated time to death in percent calculated by Kaplan-Meier methods. Participants still alive were censored at the date they were last known to be alive." (NCT02393859)
Timeframe: From the date of alloHSCT until death/censor date; median follow up time was 1742.0 days for blinatumomab and 1619.0 days for HC3.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HC3 Chemotherapy5.1
Blinatumomab3.9

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Kaplan Meier Estimate: Overall Survival (OS)

"OS was calculated from time of randomization until death due to any cause. Participants still alive were censored at the date they were last known to be alive.~Months were calculated as days from randomization date to event/censor date, divided by 30.5." (NCT02393859)
Timeframe: At final analysis, overall median follow-up time for OS was 55.2 months.

Interventionmonths (Median)
HC3 Chemotherapy25.6
BlinatumomabNA

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Kaplan Meier Estimate: EFS (Final Analysis)

"EFS is calculated from the time of randomization until the date of relapse or M2 marrow after having achieved a CR, failure to achieve a CR at the end of treatment, second malignancy, or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first. Participants who failed to achieve a CR following treatment with IP or who died before the disease assessment at the end of treatment were considered treatment failures and assigned an EFS duration of 1 day. Participants still alive and event-free were censored on their last disease assessment date.~Participants were said to be in CR when they had the following:~M1 marrow~Peripheral blood without blasts~Absence of extramedullary leukemic involvement~Months are calculated as days from randomization date to event/censor date, divided by 30.5." (NCT02393859)
Timeframe: At final analysis, overall median follow-up time for EFS was 51.9 months.

Interventionmonths (Median)
HC3 Chemotherapy7.8
BlinatumomabNA

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Cumulative Incidence of Relapse (CIR)

"CIR estimate, presented as median months to relapse, calculated from date of achievement of first CR, using the cumulative incidence method (Fine JP, Gray RJ:1999). Deaths prior to relapse not considered related to an otherwise undocumented relapse were treated as a competing risk. Participants still alive without a date of relapse were censored at the time of last follow-up.~Relapse=presence of ≥1 of the following:~isolated bone marrow relapse (M3 marrow [representative bone marrow aspirate or biopsy with ≥25% blasts] in the absence of extramedullary involvement)~combined bone marrow relapse (M2 [representative bone marrow aspirate or biopsy with ≥5% and <25% blasts] or M3 marrow and ≥1 extramedullary manifestation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia)~central nervous system extramedullary relapse~testicular extramedullary relapse~extramedullary relapse at other sites~Months were calculated as days from randomization to event/censor date, divided by 30.5." (NCT02393859)
Timeframe: At final analysis, the overall maximum follow-up time was 82.0 months.

Interventionmonths (Median)
HC3 Chemotherapy7.9
BlinatumomabNA

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Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B: Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)

Number of participants with TEAEs (serious and non-serious adverse events) and SAEs were reported based on their safety assessments of hematology, clinical chemistry, proximal tibial growth, fecal occult blood, physical examinations, regular measurement of vital signs and electrocardiogram parameter values. (NCT02432274)
Timeframe: From the date of first dose of study drug up to 30 days after the last dose (up to approximately 7 years)

,,,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
TEAEsSAEs
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^253
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^2117
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 17 mg/m^275
Cohort 2A, Single-agent Expansion, DTC: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^211
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^2117
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^2119
Cohort 3B, Combination Expansion: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^22016
Cohort2B,Single-agentExpansion,Osteosarcoma:Lenvatinib14mg/m^22921

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Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B: Number of Participants With Shift From Baseline to Worst Post Baseline Measurements on Urine DipStick for Proteinuria

"An aliquot of the urine samples were collected to analyze protein by dipstick method, microscopic examination (if protein was abnormal). The dipstick test gives results in a semi-quantitative manner and results for urinalysis parameters of urine protein can be read as negative, Trace, plus (+) 1, +2, +3 and +4 indicating proportional concentrations in the urine sample. The plus sign increases with a higher level of proteins in the urine." (NCT02432274)
Timeframe: Baseline up to approximately 4 years 7 months

,,,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Baseline: Trace, Worst Post baseline: NegativeBaseline: Trace, Worst Post baseline: TraceBaseline: +1, Worst Post baseline: NegativeBaseline: +1, Worst Post baseline: +1Baseline: Negative, Worst Post baseline: NegativeBaseline: +2, Worst Post baseline: NegativeBaseline: +3, Worst Post baseline: NegativeBaseline: +3, Worst Post baseline: +1Baseline: +3, Worst Post baseline: +2Baseline: +3, Worst Post baseline: TraceBaseline: +4, Worst Post baseline: TraceBaseline: +4, Worst Post baseline: +1Baseline: Negative, Worst Post baseline: TraceBaseline: Negative, Worst Post baseline: +1Baseline: Negative, Worst Post baseline: +2Baseline: Negative, Worst Post baseline: +3Baseline: Trace, Worst Post baseline: +1Baseline: Trace, Worst Post baseline: +2Baseline: Trace, Worst Post baseline: +3Baseline: +1, Worst Post baseline: TraceBaseline: +1, Worst Post baseline: +2Baseline: +1, Worst Post baseline: +3Baseline: Negative, Worst Post baseline: +4Baseline: +1, Worst Post baseline: +4
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^2212000000000000000000000
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^2203012111000000000000000
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 17 mg/m^2001100110111000000000000
Cohort 2A, Single-agent Expansion, DTC: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^2000010000000000000000000
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^2000000000000071110000100
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^2010040000000111200000010
Cohort 3B, Combination Expansion: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^2010020000000316201101011
Cohort2B,Single-agentExpansion,Osteosarcoma:Lenvatinib14mg/m^2010041000001571121113100

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Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B: Plasma Concentrations of Lenvatinib

Duration of each cycle for Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B is 28 days. Duration of each cycle for Cohorts 3A, 3B is 21 days. (NCT02432274)
Timeframe: Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B: Cycle(C)1 Day(D)1: 0.5-4 hours (h), 6-10 h post-dose, C1D15: pre-dose, 0.5-4 h, 6-10 h post-dose, C2D1: pre-dose, 2-12 h post-dose; Cohorts 3A, 3B: C1D1: 0.5-4 h, 6-10 h post-dose, C2D1: pre-dose, 2-12 h post-dose

,,
Interventionnanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) (Mean)
Cycle 1 Day 1: 0.5-4 hoursCycle 1 Day 1: 6-10 hoursCycle 2 Day 1: Pre-doseCycle 2 Day 1: 2-12 hours
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^2105.2191.951.7205.6
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^2111.4148.576.1237.4
Cohort 3B, Combination Expansion: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^2209.7164.850.4275.3

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Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B: Plasma Concentrations of Lenvatinib

Duration of each cycle for Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B is 28 days. Duration of each cycle for Cohorts 3A, 3B is 21 days. (NCT02432274)
Timeframe: Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B: Cycle(C)1 Day(D)1: 0.5-4 hours (h), 6-10 h post-dose, C1D15: pre-dose, 0.5-4 h, 6-10 h post-dose, C2D1: pre-dose, 2-12 h post-dose; Cohorts 3A, 3B: C1D1: 0.5-4 h, 6-10 h post-dose, C2D1: pre-dose, 2-12 h post-dose

,,,,
Interventionnanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) (Mean)
Cycle 1 Day 1: 0.5-4 hoursCycle 1 Day 1: 6-10 hoursCycle 1 Day 15: Pre-doseCycle 1 Day 15: 0.5-4 hoursCycle 1 Day 15: 6-10 hoursCycle 2 Day 1: Pre-doseCycle 2 Day 1: 2-12 hours
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^2295.6212.746.9133.4351.858.1502.4
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^2134.8281.959.1226.6375.861.6440.7
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 17 mg/m^252.5238.096.9191.8413.097.9339.2
Cohort 2A, Single-agent Expansion, DTC: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^211.118856.212424759.8102
Cohort2B,Single-agentExpansion,Osteosarcoma:Lenvatinib14mg/m^2177.4289.467.0168.3322.966.8382.4

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Cohorts 1, 2B, 3A, and 3B: Number of Participants With Best Overall Response (BOR)

BOR: best response of CR or PR for >4 weeks or SD for >=7 weeks from first dose, recorded from start of treatment until PD or death, whichever occurred first based on RECIST v1.1. CR: disappearance of all target and non-target lesions (non-lymph nodes). All pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in their short axis <10 mm. PR: at least 30% decrease in SOD of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. SD: neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD, taking as reference the smallest SOD. PD was defined as: at least 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the SOD of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions. Not evaluable (NE) means BOR of NE or SD of <7 weeks duration. Unknown means no data were available on the case report form. (NCT02432274)
Timeframe: From date of first dose of study drug until PD or death, whichever occurred first (Cohort 1, Cohort 2B: until the data cut-off date, 31 May 2019; Cohort 3A, Cohort 3B: until the data cut-off date, 18 July 2019)

,,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Complete ResponsePartial ResponseStable DiseaseProgressive DiseaseNot Evaluable or Unknown
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^200210
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^200522
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 17 mg/m^200442
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^202320
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^2001022
Cohort 3B, Combination Expansion: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^203942
Cohort2B,Single-agentExpansion,Osteosarcoma:Lenvatinib14mg/m^20213123

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Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B: Overall Survival (OS)

OS was defined as the time from the date of the first dose of study drug until the date of death from any cause. Participants who are lost to follow-up and those who are alive at the date of data cutoff were censored at the date the participant was last known to be alive (or the data cutoff date). 95% CI of median were calculated according to Brookmeyer and Crowley method. (NCT02432274)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until death (Cohort 1, Cohort 2A, Cohort 2B: until the data cut-off date, 31 May 2019; Cohort 3A, Cohort 3B: until the data cut-off date, 18 July 2019)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^28.1
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^27.4
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 17 mg/m^27.7
Cohort 2A, Single-agent Expansion, DTC: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^26.1
Cohort2B,Single-agentExpansion,Osteosarcoma:Lenvatinib14mg/m^210.0
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^213.6
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^2NA
Cohort 3B, Combination Expansion: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^2NA

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Cohort 2B, 3B: Percent Change From Baseline in Serum Biomarkers Level

"Serum biomarkers included Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) 19, FGF 21, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). In this outcome measure, percent change from baseline in serum biomarkers level per PFS-4, Yes and PFS-4, No have been reported. As per assessment of investigator based on RECIST v1.1, PFS-4, Yes= participants evaluable for PFS-4 month and alive and without PD at 4 months from the first dose, PFS-4, No=participants evaluable for PFS-4 month and not alive or with PD at 4 months from the first dose." (NCT02432274)
Timeframe: Cohort 2B: Baseline, Cycle 2-3 Day 1 (Duration of each cycle=28 days); Cohort 3B: Baseline, Cycle 2 Day 1, Cycle 4 Day 1 (Duration of each cycle=21 days)

Interventionpercent change (Mean)
C2D1: FGF 19 (PFS-4, Yes)C2D1: FGF 19 (PFS-4, No)C3D1: FGF 19 (PFS-4, Yes)C3D1: FGF 19 (PFS-4, No)C2D1: FGF 21 (PFS-4, Yes)C2D1: FGF 21 (PFS-4, No)C3D1: FGF 21 (PFS-4, Yes)C3D1: FGF 21 (PFS-4, No)C2D1: VEGF (PFS-4, Yes)C2D1: VEGF (PFS-4, No)C3D1: VEGF (PFS-4, Yes)C3D1: VEGF (PFS-4, No)
Cohort2B,Single-agentExpansion,Osteosarcoma:Lenvatinib14mg/m^248.7109.947.3194.5-14.9134.355.017.0119.9124.264.323.2

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Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B: Number of Participants Who Experienced Disease Control

Participants were defined as having disease control if they had a BOR of CR or PR for >4 weeks, or SD (minimum duration from first dose to SD >=7 weeks) or if participants had a BOR of CR or Non-CR/Non-PD (minimum duration from first dose to Non-CR/Non-PD >=7 weeks) per RECIST v1.1, recorded from first dose until PD or death whichever occurred first. CR: disappearance of all target/non-target lesions (non-lymph nodes). All pathological lymph nodes (target/non-target) must have a reduction in their short axis <10 mm. PR: at least a 30% decrease in the SOD of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. SD: neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD, taking as reference smallest SOD. Non-CR/Non-PD: persistence of 1 or more non-target lesions, maintenance of tumor marker level above the normal limits. (NCT02432274)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until PD or death, whichever occurred first (Cohort 1, Cohort 2A, Cohort 2B: until the data cut-off date, 31 May 2019; Cohort 3A, Cohort 3B: until the data cut-off date, 18 July 2019)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^22
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^25
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 17 mg/m^25
Cohort 2A, Single-agent Expansion, DTC: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^21
Cohort2B,Single-agentExpansion,Osteosarcoma:Lenvatinib14mg/m^216
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^25
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^211
Cohort 3B, Combination Expansion: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^214

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Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B: Number of Participants Experienced Clinical Benefit

Participants were defined as having clinical benefit if they had a BOR of CR or PR for >4 weeks or durable SD (lasting >=23 weeks) or if participants had a BOR of CR or durable Non-CR/Non-PD (lasting >=23 weeks) as per RECIST v1.1, recorded from first dose until PD or death whichever occurred first. CR: disappearance of all target/non-target lesions (non-lymph nodes). All pathological lymph nodes (whether target/non-target) must have a reduction in their short axis <10 mm. PR: at least a 30% decrease in the SOD of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. SD: neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD, taking as reference the smallest SOD. Non-CR/Non-PD:persistence of 1 or more non-target lesions and maintenance of tumor marker level above the normal limits. (NCT02432274)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until PD or death, whichever occurred first (Cohort 1, Cohort 2A, Cohort 2B: until the data cut-off date, 31 May 2019; Cohort 3A, Cohort 3B: until the data cut-off date, 18 July 2019)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^20
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^23
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 17 mg/m^24
Cohort 2A, Single-agent Expansion, DTC: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^21
Cohort2B,Single-agentExpansion,Osteosarcoma:Lenvatinib14mg/m^27
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^24
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^25
Cohort 3B, Combination Expansion: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^28

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Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B: Duration of Response (DOR)

DOR was defined as time in months from the first documentation confirmed CR or PR until the first documentation of confirmed PD as assessed by investigator based on RECIST v1.1. CR: disappearance of all target and non-target lesions (non-lymph nodes). All pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have a reduction in their short axis <10 mm. PR: at least a 30% decrease in the SOD of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. PD: at least 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the SOD of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions. 95% CI for the median were calculated according to Brookmeyer and Crowley method. (NCT02432274)
Timeframe: First documentation of CR/PR until first documentation of PD (Cohort 1, Cohort 2A, Cohort 2B: until the data cut-off date, 31 May 2019; Cohort 3A, Cohort 3B: until the data cut-off date, 18 July 2019)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Cohort 2A, Single-agent Expansion, DTC: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^21.9
Cohort2B,Single-agentExpansion,Osteosarcoma:Lenvatinib14mg/m^24.6
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^2NA
Cohort 3B, Combination Expansion: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^2NA

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Cohort 2A: Number of Participants With Objective Response (OR) of Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR)

OR was defined as participants with best overall response (BOR) of CR or PR as assessed by investigator based on response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) version (v) 1.1. For OR, the BOR was defined as the best response (CR or PR for >4 weeks) recorded from the start of the treatment until PD or death whichever occurred first. CR was defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions (non-lymph nodes). All pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have a reduction in their short axis <10 millimeters (mm). PR was defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameter (SOD) of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. PD was defined as at least 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the SOD of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions. (NCT02432274)
Timeframe: From date of first dose of study drug until first documentation of PD or death, whichever occurred first (until the data cut-off date, 31 May 2019)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Cohort 2A, Single-agent Expansion, DTC: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^21

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Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B: Progression-free Survival (PFS)

PFS was defined as the time (in months) from the date of first dose of study drug to the date of first documentation of PD or date of death, whichever occurred first, based on RECIST v1.1. PD was defined as at least a 20% increase in the SOD of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline SOD of target lesions. 95% CI of median were calculated according to Brookmeyer and Crowley method. (NCT02432274)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until PD or death, whichever occurred first (Cohort 1, Cohort 2A, Cohort 2B: until the data cut-off date, 31 May 2019; Cohort 3A, Cohort 3B: until the data cut-off date, 18 July 2019)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^23.7
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^26.3
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 17 mg/m^25.5
Cohort 2A, Single-agent Expansion, DTC: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^25.5
Cohort2B,Single-agentExpansion,Osteosarcoma:Lenvatinib14mg/m^23.0
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^27.1
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^212.0
Cohort 3B, Combination Expansion: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^26.9

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Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B: Time to Progression (TTP)

TTP was defined as the time from the date of first dose of study drug to the date of first documentation of PD based on RECIST 1.1. PD was defined as at least a 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the SOD of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline SOD of target lesions. 95% CI of median were calculated according to Brookmeyer and Crowley method. (NCT02432274)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until PD (Cohort 1, Cohort 2A, Cohort 2B: until the data cut-off date, 31 May 2019; Cohort 3A, Cohort 3B: until the data cut-off date, 18 July 2019)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^23.7
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^26.3
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 17 mg/m^25.5
Cohort 2A, Single-agent Expansion, DTC: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^25.5
Cohort2B,Single-agentExpansion,Osteosarcoma:Lenvatinib14mg/m^23.0
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^27.1
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^212.0
Cohort 3B, Combination Expansion: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^26.9

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Cohorts 1, 2B, 3A, and 3B: Objective Response Rate (ORR)

ORR was defined as the percentage of participants with a BOR of CR or PR for >4 weeks or SD for >=7 weeks as assessed by investigator based on RECIST v1.1, recorded from start of study treatment until PD or death whichever occurred first. CR was defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions (non-lymph nodes). All pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have a reduction in their short axis <10 mm. PR was defined as at least a 30% decrease in the SOD of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. 95% CI of the ORR were calculated according to Clopper and Pearson method. (NCT02432274)
Timeframe: From date of first dose of study drug until PD or death, whichever occurred first (Cohort 1, Cohort 2B: until the data cut-off date, 31 May 2019; Cohort 3A, Cohort 3B: until the data cut-off date, 18 July 2019)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^20
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^20
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 17 mg/m^20
Cohort2B,Single-agentExpansion,Osteosarcoma:Lenvatinib14mg/m^26.7
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^228.6
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^20
Cohort 3B, Combination Expansion: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^216.7

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Cohorts 2B and 3B: Progression-free Survival (PFS) Rate at Month 4

Progression free survival at Month 4 (PFS-4) rate was defined as the percentage of participants who were alive and without PD at Month 4 after the first dose of study drug, based on RECIST v1.1, using a binomial proportion with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). PD: >= 20% increase in sum of diameters of target lesions, reference-smallest sum recorded in study (sum at baseline if that was smallest). Sum of diameters must have absolute increase of >=5 mm. Appearance of >=1 new lesions also considered PD. (NCT02432274)
Timeframe: At Month 4

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Cohort2B,Single-agentExpansion,Osteosarcoma:Lenvatinib14mg/m^232.1
Cohort 3B, Combination Expansion: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^266.7

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Cohort 2A: Number of Participants With Best Overall Response (BOR)

BOR was defined as the best response of CR or PR for >4 weeks or SD for >=7 weeks recorded from the start of the treatment until PD or death, whichever occurred first based on RECIST v1.1. CR: disappearance of all target and non-target lesions (non-lymph nodes). All pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have a reduction in their short axis <10 mm. PR: at least a 30% decrease in the SOD of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. SD: neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD, taking as reference the smallest SOD. PD was defined as at least 20% increase (including an absolute increase of at least 5 mm) in the SOD of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum and/or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions and/or appearance of 1 or more new lesions. (NCT02432274)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until PD or death, whichever occurred first (until the data cut-off date, 31 May 2019)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Complete ResponsePartial ResponseStable Disease
Cohort 2A, Single-agent Expansion, DTC: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^2010

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Cohort 2B, 3B: Percent Change From Baseline in Serum Biomarkers Level

"Serum biomarkers included Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) 19, FGF 21, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). In this outcome measure, percent change from baseline in serum biomarkers level per PFS-4, Yes and PFS-4, No have been reported. As per assessment of investigator based on RECIST v1.1, PFS-4, Yes= participants evaluable for PFS-4 month and alive and without PD at 4 months from the first dose, PFS-4, No=participants evaluable for PFS-4 month and not alive or with PD at 4 months from the first dose." (NCT02432274)
Timeframe: Cohort 2B: Baseline, Cycle 2-3 Day 1 (Duration of each cycle=28 days); Cohort 3B: Baseline, Cycle 2 Day 1, Cycle 4 Day 1 (Duration of each cycle=21 days)

Interventionpercent change (Mean)
C2D1: FGF 19 (PFS-4, Yes)C2D1: FGF 19 (PFS-4, No)C4D1: FGF 19 (PFS-4, Yes)C4D1: FGF 19 (PFS-4, No)C2D1: FGF 21 (PFS-4, Yes)C2D1: FGF 21 (PFS-4, No)C4D1: FGF 21 (PFS-4, Yes)C4D1: FGF 21 (PFS-4, No)C2D1: VEGF (PFS-4, Yes)C2D1: VEGF (PFS-4, No)C4D1: VEGF (PFS-4, Yes)
Cohort 3B, Combination Expansion: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^2172.178.3237.791.970.27.2256.2-1.587.995.884.3

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Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B: Number of Participants Categorized Based on Overall Acceptability Questionnaire Responses for Suspension of Lenvatinib

In acceptability questionnaire, participants were asked to answer the overall acceptability of lenvatinib suspension considering the following elements: taste, appearance, smell and how does it feel in the mouth. Overall acceptability was answered in terms of 7 responses: Super good, really good, good, may be good or may be bad, bad, really bad, super bad. Overall acceptability was the overall acceptance for taste, appearance, smell, and the feeling in mouth. In this measure, number of participants have been reported per their overall acceptability responses. (NCT02432274)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Day 1 (Cycle length=28 days for Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B; Cycle length=21 days for Cohorts 3A, 3B)

,,,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Super GoodReally GoodGoodMay be Good or May be BadBadReally BadSuper Bad
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^20000000
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^20010010
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 17 mg/m^20000001
Cohort 2A, Single-agent Expansion, DTC: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^20000000
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^20000000
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^20010000
Cohort 3B, Combination Expansion: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^20011110
Cohort2B,Single-agentExpansion,Osteosarcoma:Lenvatinib14mg/m^20010000

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Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B: Number of Participants With Shift From Baseline to Worst Post Baseline Score in Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) Scores

KPS: compare effectiveness of medicine for disease and assess outcomes in participants. KPS Scores: recorded on 11 point scale (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100%), where 0=Dead; 10=moribund, fatal processes progressing rapidly; 20=very sick, hospital admission necessary, active supportive treatment necessary; 30=severely disabled, hospital admission is indicated although death not imminent; 40=disabled, requires special care/assistance; 50=requires considerable assistance/frequent medical care; 60=requires occasional assistance, but is able to care for personal needs; 70=cares for self, unable to carry normal activity or active work; 80=normal activity with effort, some signs of disease; 90=able to carry on normal activity, minor signs of disease; 100=normal no complaints, no evidence of disease. Lower score, worse survival for most serious illnesses. (NCT02432274)
Timeframe: Baseline up to approximately 4 years 7 months

,,,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Baseline score: 100%, Worst Postbaseline score:80%Baseline score: 100%, Worst Postbaseline score:90%Baseline score: 70%, Worst Postbaseline score: 70%Baseline score: 90%, Worst Postbaseline score: 70%Baseline score: 80%, Worst Postbaseline score: 80%Baseline score: 90%, Worst Postbaseline score: 60%Baseline score:100%, Worst Postbaseline score:100%Baseline score: 100%, Worst Postbaseline score:70%Baseline score: 90%, Worst Postbaseline score: 80%Baseline score: 90%, Worst Postbaseline score: 90%
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^21000000000
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^20100000000
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 17 mg/m^20000000000
Cohort 2A, Single-agent Expansion, DTC: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^20000001000
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^20100011000
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^20010000000
Cohort 3B, Combination Expansion: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^22200001211
Cohort2B,Single-agentExpansion,Osteosarcoma:Lenvatinib14mg/m^22211101013

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Cohorts 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B: Number of Participants With Shift From Baseline to Worst Post Baseline Score in Lansky Performance Play Score

Lansky Performance Play Scale rates a child's activity level for <16 years of age. Scores on scale range from 0 (unresponsive) to 100 ( fully active, normal), where 100=fully active, normal; 90=minor restrictions in physically strenuous activity; 80=active, but tires more quickly; 70=both greater restriction of and less time spent in play activity; 60=up and around, but minimal active play, keeps busy with quieter activities; 50=gets dressed, but lies around much of day, no active play, able to participant in quiet play and activities; 40=mostly in bed, participates in quiet activities; 30=in bed, needs assistance even for quiet play; 20=often sleeping, play entirely limited to very passive activities; 10=no play, does not get out of bed; 0=unresponsive. Higher score indicates more activity and lower indicates less or no activity. (NCT02432274)
Timeframe: Baseline up to approximately 4 years 7 months

,,,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Baseline score:100%, Worst Postbaseline score:90%Baseline score: 70%, Worst Postbaseline score: 60%Baseline score: 80%, Worst Postbaseline score: 60%Baseline score: 100%, Worst Postbaseline score:60%Baseline score: 80%, Worst Postbaseline score: 70%Baseline score: 90%, Worst Postbaseline score: 70%Baseline score: 90%, Worst Postbaseline score: 80%Baseline score:100%, Worst Postbaseline score:100%Baseline score: 80%, Worst Postbaseline score: 40%Baseline score: 70%, Worst Postbaseline score: 80%Baseline score: 80%, Worst Postbaseline score: 80%Baseline score: 100%, Worst Postbaseline score:80%Baseline score: 90%, Worst Postbaseline score: 90%Baseline score: 60%, Worst Postbaseline score: 60%Baseline score: 90%, Worst Postbaseline score: 60%Baseline score: 70%, Worst Postbaseline score: 70%Baseline score: 90%, Worst Postbaseline score:100%Baseline score: 100%, Worst Postbaseline score:70%Baseline score: 80%, Worst Postbaseline score: 50%
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^23000000000000000000
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^20111111100000000000
Cohort 1, Single-agent Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 17 mg/m^20010001011110100000
Cohort 2A, Single-agent Expansion, DTC: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^20000000100000000000
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 11 mg/m^21010000000210000010
Cohort 3A, Combination Dose-finding: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^21000300001001001000
Cohort 3B, Combination Expansion: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^20000000500202000000
Cohort2B,Single-agentExpansion,Osteosarcoma:Lenvatinib14mg/m^21010011000204111101

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Number of Patients Experiencing a Laboratory Abnormality (Grade 3-4)

"A laboratory abnormality is defined as an adverse event of grade 3 or 4 identified by a laboratory test of participant blood samples.~Adverse events were graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.0 (CTCAE)." (NCT02441309)
Timeframe: Up to 42 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
A. Mifamurtide Only0
B. Ifosfamide (Followed by Mifamurtide)0
C. Ifosfamide + Mifamurtide0

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Number of Patients Experiencing a Grade 3 or More Severe Adverse Event (Graded According to CTCAE Criteria v4.0)

"Toxicity measured and graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.0 (CTCAE)~Grade refers to the severity of the adverse event. The CTCAE displays Grades 1 through 5 with unique clinical descriptions of severity for each AE based on this general guideline:~Grade 1 Mild; asymptomatic or mild symptoms; clinical or diagnostic observations only; intervention not indicated.~Grade 2 Moderate; minimal, local or noninvasive intervention indicated; limiting age-appropriate instrumental activities of daily living.~Grade 3 Severe; medically significant but not immediately life-threatening; hospitalisation or prolongation of hospitalisation indicated; disabling or limiting self care activities of daily living.~Grade 4 Life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated. Grade 5 Death related to AE." (NCT02441309)
Timeframe: Up to 42 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
A. Mifamurtide Only1
B. Ifosfamide (Followed by Mifamurtide)2
C. Ifosfamide + Mifamurtide2

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Disease Specific Overall Survival

Median time from death attributed to the disease. Censored at last known time alive or death from other causes. (NCT02441309)
Timeframe: Up to 42 weeks

Interventionmonths (Median)
A. Mifamurtide Only0.7
B. Ifosfamide (Followed by Mifamurtide)9.2
C. Ifosfamide + Mifamurtide2.8

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Progression Free Survival

"Time from randomisation for deemed non-resectable groups, or time from registration for deemed resectable group to first event, where an event is Progressive Disease as (defined by RECIST criterion v1.1) or death due to any cause. Patients who have not had an event will be censored at their last follow-up date. Patients lost to follow-up without an event will be censored at the date of their last consultation.~Progressive disease according to RECIST v1.1 is defined as a >=20% increase in the sum of long diameters of target lesions, OR progression of non-target lesions, OR evidence of new lesions." (NCT02441309)
Timeframe: Up to 42 weeks

Interventionmonths (Median)
A. Mifamurtide OnlyNA
B. Ifosfamide (Followed by Mifamurtide)NA
C. Ifosfamide + Mifamurtide7.0

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Objective Radiological Response Based on RECIST v1.1

"Per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.1) assessed by CT or MRI:~Complete Response (CR): Disappearance of all target and non-target lesions Partial Response (PR): >=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, AND no evidence of progression in non-target lesions, AND no new lesions Stable Disease (SD): sum of longest diameter of target lesions between PR and PD values, AND no evidence of progression in non-target lesions, AND no new lesions Progressive Disease (PD): >20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, OR evidence of progression in non-target lesions, OR evidence of new lesions" (NCT02441309)
Timeframe: Change from Baseline to after 12, 18, 24 & 36 weeks and end of treatment visit

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Week 1271950191Week 1271950192Week 1271950193Week 1871950192Week 1871950193Week 1871950191Week 2471950191Week 2471950192Week 2471950193Week 3671950191Week 3671950192Week 3671950193End of Treatment visit (prior to week 6)71950191End of Treatment visit (prior to week 6)71950192End of Treatment visit (prior to week 6)71950193
Stable Disease (SD)Progressive Disease (PD)Patient did not reach endpoint
B. Ifosfamide (Followed by Mifamurtide)1
C. Ifosfamide + Mifamurtide1
A. Mifamurtide Only3
C. Ifosfamide + Mifamurtide2
A. Mifamurtide Only0
C. Ifosfamide + Mifamurtide3
A. Mifamurtide Only2
B. Ifosfamide (Followed by Mifamurtide)0
C. Ifosfamide + Mifamurtide0

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Number of Participants With Laboratory Abnormalities

Number of participants who experienced a maximum post-baseline laboratory toxicity of Grade 3 or higher (per National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.03). (NCT02592876)
Timeframe: Up to 4 months

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Any Hematology TestHemoglobin LowLeukocytes HighLeukocytes LowLymphocytes HighLymphocytes LowNeutrophils LowPlatelets LowAny Chemistry TestAlanine Aminotransferase HighAspartate Aminotransferase HighCalcium HighCalcium LowCreatinine HighGlucose HighPhosphate LowPotassium LowSodium LowUrate High
19A+RICE37180240312235163202138530
RICE37191232342226183140049342

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Number of Patients Achieving Peripheral Blood Stem Cell (PBSC) Mobilization

Defined as the number of patients who are able to adequately mobilize PBSC per investigator assessment on or after completion of study treatment, prior to subsequent anticancer therapy. (NCT02592876)
Timeframe: Up to 30 months

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Patients with attempted stem cell collection(s)Patients with sufficient stem cell collection
19A+RICE2421
RICE2826

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Number of Patients Receiving Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT)

Number of patients receiving ASCT after completion of study treatment (EOT), prior to subsequent anticancer therapy. (NCT02592876)
Timeframe: Up to 30 months

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Patients planned to receive ASCT at EOTPatients who received ASCT at EOT
19A+RICE2522
RICE2825

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Objective Response Rate (ORR)

ORR is defined as the proportion of patients with complete remission (CR) or partial remission (PR) per independent review facility (IRF) at the end of treatment. (NCT02592876)
Timeframe: Up to 4 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
RICE30
19A+RICE32

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Complete Remission Rate Per Independent Review Facility

Number of patients with complete metabolic response by PET (positive emission tomography) and CT (computed tomography) scans, or complete radiologic response by CT only. (NCT02592876)
Timeframe: Up to 4 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
RICE18
19A+RICE25

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Duration of Complete Response (CR)

Defined as the time from the start of the first radiographic documentation of CR per investigator to the first documentation of progressive disease, death due to any cause, or receipt of subsequent anticancer therapy, whichever comes first. (NCT02592876)
Timeframe: Up to 27.9 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
RICENA
19A+RICENA

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Duration of Objective Response (OR)

Duration of OR is defined as the time from the start of the first radiographic documentation of OR per investigator to the first documentation of PD, death due to any cause, or receipt of subsequent anticancer therapy, whichever comes first. (NCT02592876)
Timeframe: Up to 27.9 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
RICENA
19A+RICENA

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Overall Survival (OS)

OS is defined as the time from date of randomization to date of death due to any cause. In the absence of confirmation of death, survival time will be censored at the last date the patient is known to be alive. (NCT02592876)
Timeframe: Up to 30 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
RICENA
19A+RICENA

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Progression-free Survival (PFS)

PFS is defined as the time from randomization to first documentation of disease progression per investigator, death due to any cause, or receipt of subsequent anticancer therapy, whichever comes first. (NCT02592876)
Timeframe: Up to 30 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
RICENA
19A+RICENA

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)

Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) are presented and defined as newly occurring (not present at baseline) or worsening after first dose of investigational product. AE severity and seriousness are assessed independently. 'Severity' characterizes the intensity of an AE and is graded using the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE), version 4.03. An AE is considered 'serious' if it is life-threatening, fatal, requires hospitalization, or is otherwise considered to be medically significant. (NCT02592876)
Timeframe: Up to 4 months

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment-emergent AE (TEAE)Treatment-related AEsGrade 3 or Higher TEAEsSerious AEs (SAEs)Treatment-related SAEsAEs Leading to Dose DelayAEs Leading to Dose ReductionAEs Leading to Treatment Discontinuation
19A+RICE4040381913853
RICE393831139332

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PK: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of Olaratumab Part B

PK: Maximum serum concentration (Cmax) data of Olaratumab was reported from available sample data. (NCT02677116)
Timeframe: Cycle 1, Day 8 and Cycle 2, Days 1 and 8: 1.25 hour (h), 2.5 h, 3.5h Postdose

Interventionmicrogram/milliliter (μg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 1, Day 8
Olaratumab Alone (Part B)639

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PK: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of Olaratumab Part B

PK: Maximum serum concentration (Cmax) data of Olaratumab was reported from available sample data. (NCT02677116)
Timeframe: Cycle 1, Day 8 and Cycle 2, Days 1 and 8: 1.25 hour (h), 2.5 h, 3.5h Postdose

,
Interventionmicrogram/milliliter (μg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 2, Day 1Cycle 2, Day 8
Olaratumab +Vincristine + Irinotecan (Part B)585647
Olaratumab + Ifosfamide (Part B)629696

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PK: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of Olaratumab Part C

Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum serum concentration (Cmax) data of Olaratumab was reported from available sample data. (NCT02677116)
Timeframe: Cycle 1, Days 1 and 8; Cycle 2, Days 1 and 8: 1.25 hour (h), 2.5 h, 3.5h Postdose

Interventionmicrogram/milliliter (μg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 2, Day 8
Olaratumab + Doxorubicin (Part C)502

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PK: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of Olaratumab Part C

Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum serum concentration (Cmax) data of Olaratumab was reported from available sample data. (NCT02677116)
Timeframe: Cycle 1, Days 1 and 8; Cycle 2, Days 1 and 8: 1.25 hour (h), 2.5 h, 3.5h Postdose

Interventionmicrogram/milliliter (μg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 1, Day 1Cycle 1, Day 8
Olaratumab + Doxorubicin Cycle 1 (Part C)406493

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PK: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of Olaratumab Part C

Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum serum concentration (Cmax) data of Olaratumab was reported from available sample data. (NCT02677116)
Timeframe: Cycle 1, Days 1 and 8; Cycle 2, Days 1 and 8: 1.25 hour (h), 2.5 h, 3.5h Postdose

,
Interventionmicrogram/milliliter (μg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 1, Day 1Cycle 1, Day 8Cycle 2, Day 8
Olaratumab + Ifosfamide (Part C)363498567
Olaratumab + Vincristine + Irinotecan (Part C)548695707

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PK: Trough Serum Minimum Concentration (Cmin) of Olaratumab Part A

PK: Trough serum concentration (Cmin) of Olaratumab was reported. A sample was collected every other cycle from cycles 1, 2, 3-25. (NCT02677116)
Timeframe: Cycles 1, 2, 3-25; Day 8: 336 Hours Postdose

Interventionμg/mL (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 1, Day 8
Olaratumab Alone (Part A)73

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PK: Trough Serum Minimum Concentration (Cmin) of Olaratumab Part A

PK: Trough serum concentration (Cmin) of Olaratumab was reported. A sample was collected every other cycle from cycles 1, 2, 3-25. (NCT02677116)
Timeframe: Cycles 1, 2, 3-25; Day 8: 336 Hours Postdose

Interventionμg/mL (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 2, Day 8Cycle 3-25, Day 8
Olaratumab + Doxorubicin (Part A)38.594.4

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PK: Trough Serum Minimum Concentration (Cmin) of Olaratumab Part A

PK: Trough serum concentration (Cmin) of Olaratumab was reported. A sample was collected every other cycle from cycles 1, 2, 3-25. (NCT02677116)
Timeframe: Cycles 1, 2, 3-25; Day 8: 336 Hours Postdose

,
Interventionμg/mL (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 1, Day 8Cycle 2, Day 8Cycle 3-25, Day 8
Olaratumab + Ifosfamide (Part A)46.311488.2
Olaratumab + Vincristine + Irinotecan (Part A)97.837.795.1

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PK: Trough Serum Minimum Concentration (Cmin) of Olaratumab Part B

PK: Trough serum concentration (Cmin) of Olaratumab was reported. A sample was collected every other cycle from cycles 1, 2, 3-25. (NCT02677116)
Timeframe: Cycles 1, 2, 3-25; Day 8: 336 Hours Postdose

,
Interventionμg/mL (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 1, Day 8Cycle 2, Day 8Cycle 3-25, Day 8
Olaratumab + Ifosfamide (Part B)125199289
Olaratumab +Vincristine + Irinotecan (Part B)99.1230348

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Percentage of Participants With Treatment Emergent (TE) Positive Anti-Olaratumab Antibodies

Percentage of participants with a TE positive anti-olaratumab antibodies defined as a participant with a 4-fold (2 dilutions) increase over a positive baseline antibody titer. (NCT02677116)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Study Completion (Up to 33 Months)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Olaratumab + Vincristine + Irinotecan (Part A)0
Olaratumab + Ifosfamide (Part A)0
Olaratumab + Doxorubicin (Part A)0
Olaratumab + Vincristine + Irinotecan (Part B)0
Olaratumab + Ifosfamide (Part B)0
Olaratumab + Doxorubicin (Part B)0
Olaratumab + Vincristine + Irinotecan (Part C)0
Olaratumab + Ifosfamide (Part C)0
Olaratumab + Doxorubicin (Part C)0

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PK: Trough Serum Minimum Concentration (Cmin) of Olaratumab Part C

PK: Trough serum concentration (Cmin) of Olaratumab was reported. A sample was collected every other cycle from cycles 1, 2, 3-25. (NCT02677116)
Timeframe: Cycles 1, 2, 3-25; Day 8: 336 Hours Postdose

,,
Interventionμg/mL (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 1, Day 8Cycle 2, Day 8Cycle 3-25, Day 8
Olaratumab + Doxorubicin (Part C)90.3141156
Olaratumab + Ifosfamide (Part C)124NANA
Olaratumab + Vincristine + Irinotecan (Part C)83.713483.7

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Number of Participants With Olaratumab Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs)

A dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as an adverse event (AE) during the first 21 days that was possibly related to the study drug and fulfilled any of the following criteria using the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), Version 4.0: CTCAE Grade 3 nonhematologic toxicity, grade 4 neutropenia that lasted longer than 2 weeks, grade ≥3 thrombocytopenia complicated by hemorrhage, and any hematologic toxicity that caused a cycle delay of >14 days. (NCT02677116)
Timeframe: Parts A and B: Cycle 1 through Cycle 2 in each arm (21-day cycle); Part C: Cycle 1 only (21-day cycle)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olaratumab + Vincristine + Irinotecan (Part A)0
Olaratumab + Ifosfamide (Part A)1
Olaratumab + Doxorubicin (Part A)0
Olaratumab + Vincristine + Irinotecan (Part B)1
Olaratumab + Ifosfamide (Part B)0
Olaratumab + Doxorubicin (Part B)1
Olaratumab + Vincristine + Irinotecan (Part C)1
Olaratumab + Ifosfamide (Part C)0
Olaratumab + Doxorubicin (Part C)0

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Percentage of Participants With a Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) (Objective Response Rate [ORR])

Objective Response Rate (ORR) is the percentage of participants achieving a confirmed best overall tumor response of CR or PR. According to RECIST v1.1, PR defined as a >30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameters (LD) of the target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum of the LD; CR was defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions. (NCT02677116)
Timeframe: Baseline to objective progression or start of new anti-cancer therapy (Up to 7 months)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Olaratumab + Vincristine + Irinotecan (Part A)0
Olaratumab + Ifosfamide (Part A)0
Olaratumab + Doxorubicin (Part A)9.1
Olaratumab + Vincristine + Irinotecan (Part B)20.0
Olaratumab + Ifosfamide (Part B)0
Olaratumab + Doxorubicin (Part B)0
Olaratumab + Vincristine + Irinotecan (Part C)0
Olaratumab + Ifosfamide (Part C)0
Olaratumab + Doxorubicin (Part C)25.0

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Progression Free Survival (PFS)

Progression-free survival (PFS) is defined as the time from baseline to the first date of radiological disease progression or death due to any cause. Progressive disease (PD) according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 is defined as at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (including the baseline sum if that is the smallest). In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 millimeters (mm). The appearance of one or more new lesions is also considered progression. If participant started new treatment before PD, the participant was censored at the date of last tumor assessment prior to new therapy. If treatment was discontinued for reasons other than PD and no further assessment, censoring occurred at last tumor assessment. (NCT02677116)
Timeframe: Baseline to radiological disease progression or death from any cause (Up to 2 Years)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Olaratumab + Vincristine + Irinotecan (Part A)1.54
Olaratumab + Ifosfamide (Part A)1.38
Olaratumab + Doxorubicin (Part A)1.26
Olaratumab + Vincristine + Irinotecan (Part B)1.28
Olaratumab + Ifosfamide (Part B)1.25
Olaratumab + Doxorubicin (Part B)NA
Olaratumab + Vincristine + Irinotecan (Part C)4.07
Olaratumab + Ifosfamide (Part C)4.88
Olaratumab + Doxorubicin (Part C)5.52

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Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of Olaratumab Part A

Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum serum concentration (Cmax) data of Olaratumab was reported from available sample data. (NCT02677116)
Timeframe: Cycle 1, Day 8 and Cycle 2, Days 1 and 8: 1.25 hour (h), 2.5 h, 3.5h Postdose

Interventionmicrogram/milliliter (μg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 1, Day 8
Olaratumab Alone (Part A)439

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Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of Olaratumab Part A

Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum serum concentration (Cmax) data of Olaratumab was reported from available sample data. (NCT02677116)
Timeframe: Cycle 1, Day 8 and Cycle 2, Days 1 and 8: 1.25 hour (h), 2.5 h, 3.5h Postdose

,,
Interventionmicrogram/milliliter (μg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 2, Day 1Cycle 2, Day 8
Olaratumab + Doxorubicin (Part A)406422
Olaratumab + Ifosfamide (Part A)396398
Olaratumab + Vincristine + Irinotecan (Part A)437523

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Part 1: Apparent (Oral) Plasma Clearance (CL/F) of Ibrutinib

CL/F is defined as apparent plasma clearance of ibrutinib. As per planned analyses, PK parameters for Part 1 were presented per dose group (240 mg/m^2, 329 mg/m^2 and 440 mg/m^2) and age group (1-5, 6-11, 12-17 and >18 years). As planned in protocol, the PK parameters were presented per dose group as dosing was dependent on age. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to Cycle 3 (each cycle of 21 or 28 days)

Interventionmilliliter per hour (mL/h) (Median)
1-5 years6-11 years
Part 1: Ibrutinib: 440 mg/m^212001300

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Part 1 and Part 2: Gene Expression Evaluated by Disease-specific Biomarkers at Baseline

"Tumor formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples were taken to evaluate the baseline gene expression by disease-specific biomarkers such as BCL-2L1 (BCL-xl), BIRC2 (cIAP1), Caspase 3 (CASP3), STAT3, and SYK. Transcripts per million (TPM) is a normalization method for RNA-sequencing, which means for every 1,000,000 RNA molecules in the RNA-sequencing tumor FFPE sample, x came from this gene/transcript." (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Baseline

,
InterventionTranscripts per million (Mean)
BCL-2L1 (BCL-xl)BIRC2 (cIAP1)Caspase 3 (CASP3)STAT3SYK
Part 2: Chemoimmunotherapy74.3079040.0171647.61412526.35308618.36324
Part 2: Ibrutinib+CIT (RICE or RVICI)58.0934647.2078751.14711540.02256705.29909

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Part 2: Tumor Volume Reduction Rate at Day 14

The tumor volume reduction rate was defined as percent decrease in the sum of the products of the lesion diameters at Day 14. It was measured as the mean change in the sum of the products of the lesion diameters (SPD) at Day 14. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: At Day 14

InterventionPercent change (Least Squares Mean)
Part 2: Ibrutinib+CIT (RICE or RVICI)-49.7
Part 2: Chemoimmunotherapy-58.60

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Part 2: Time to Response

Time to response was defined as the time interval from the first dose of ibrutinib to the first documented response for those participants who responded. Time to response was summarized for participants who achieved either CR (including CRb and CRu) or PR. CR=disappearance of all disease; CRb=residual mass has no morphologic evidence of disease from limited or core biopsy, with no new lesions by imaging examination; BM and CSF morphologically free of disease; no new or PD elsewhere, CRu=Residual mass is negative by FDG-PET; no new lesions by imaging examination; BM and CSF morphologically free of disease; no new or PD elsewhere, PR=50% decrease in SPD on CT or MRI; FDG-PET may be positive (deauville score or 4 or 5 with reduced lesional uptake compared with baseline); no new or PD; morphologic evidence of disease may be present in BM or CSF if present at diagnosis; however, there should be 50% reduction in percentage of lymphoma cells. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to 4 Years and 4 months

InterventionMonths (Median)
Part 2: Ibrutinib+CIT (RICE or RVICI)0.89
Part 2: Chemoimmunotherapy0.82

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Part 2: Percentage of Participants With EFS at 3 Years

EFS is the time interval from randomization to death, disease progression, or lack of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) after 3 cycles of treatment, whichever occurs first based on blinded independent event review by the IRC. CR was defined as CT or MRI reveals no residual disease or new lesions, resected residual mass that is pathologically (morphologically) negative for disease, BM and CSF morphologically free of disease with no new lesions by imaging examination. PR was defined as 50% decrease in um of the products of the SPD on CT or MRI; FDG-PET may be positive, no new or PD; morphologic evidence of disease may be present in BM or CSF if present at diagnosis; however, there should be 50% reduction in percentage of lymphoma cells. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: At 3 years

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Part 2: Ibrutinib+CIT (RICE or RVICI)8.6
Part 2: Chemoimmunotherapy12.5

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Part 2: Percentage of Participants With EFS at 2 Years

EFS was the time interval from randomization to death, disease progression, or lack of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) after 3 cycles of treatment, whichever occurred first based on blinded independent event review by the IRC. CR was defined as CT or MRI reveals no residual disease or new lesions, resected residual mass that is pathologically (morphologically) negative for disease, BM and CSF morphologically free of disease with no new lesions by imaging examination. PR was defined as 50% decrease in um of the products of the SPD on CT or MRI; FDG-PET may be positive, no new or PD; morphologic evidence of disease may be present in BM or CSF if present at diagnosis; however, there should be 50% reduction in percentage of lymphoma cells. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: At 2 years

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Part 2: Ibrutinib+CIT (RICE or RVICI)14.3
Part 2: Chemoimmunotherapy12.5

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Part 2: Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Partial Response (PR)

Percentage of participants who achieved PR were assessed. PR was defined as 50% decrease in SPD on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); FDG-PET may be positive; no new or PD; morphologic evidence of disease may be present in BM or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) if present at diagnosis; however, there should be 50% reduction in percentage of lymphoma cells. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to 4 year and 4 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Part 2: Ibrutinib+CIT (RICE or RVICI)51.4
Part 2: Chemoimmunotherapy62.5

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Part 2: Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Complete Response (CR)

Complete response rate was defined as the percentage of participants who achieved complete response or complete response with an incomplete marrow recovery (CRi) on or prior to initiation of subsequent anti-leukemic therapy per the IRC assessment. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to 4 year and 4 months

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Part 2: Ibrutinib+CIT (RICE or RVICI)17.1
Part 2: Chemoimmunotherapy18.8

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Part 2: Overall Survival

Overall survival was defined as duration from the date of randomization to the date of the participant's death. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to 4 year and 4 months

InterventionMonths (Median)
Part 2: Ibrutinib+CIT (RICE or RVICI)14.13
Part 2: Chemoimmunotherapy11.07

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Part 2: Number of Participants With c-MYC Gene Rearrangement

Number of participants with c-MYC gene rearrangement were reported. Blood samples were taken to evaluate the levels of biomarker such as c-MYC Gene rearrangement. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: At baseline (Cycle 1 Day 1)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Part 2: Ibrutinib+CIT (RICE or RVICI)1
Part 2: Chemoimmunotherapy1

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Part 1: Apparent (Oral) Volume of Distribution (Vd/F) of Ibrutinib

Vd/F is defined as apparent (oral) volume of distribution of ibrutinib. As per planned analyses, pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters for Part 1 were presented per dose group (240 mg/m^2, 329 mg/m^2 and 440 mg/m^2) and age group (1-5, 6-11, 12-17 and >18 years). As planned in protocol, the PK parameters were presented per dose group as dosing was dependent on age. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to Cycle 3 (each cycle of 21 or 28 days)

,
Interventionliter(s) (Median)
1-5 years6-11 years12-17 years
Part 1: Ibrutinib: 240 mg/m^211.1183.63
Part 1: Ibrutinib: 329 mg/m^25.187.5511.3

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Part 1: Apparent (Oral) Volume of Distribution (Vd/F) of Ibrutinib

Vd/F is defined as apparent (oral) volume of distribution of ibrutinib. As per planned analyses, pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters for Part 1 were presented per dose group (240 mg/m^2, 329 mg/m^2 and 440 mg/m^2) and age group (1-5, 6-11, 12-17 and >18 years). As planned in protocol, the PK parameters were presented per dose group as dosing was dependent on age. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to Cycle 3 (each cycle of 21 or 28 days)

Interventionliter(s) (Median)
1-5 years6-11 years
Part 1: Ibrutinib: 440 mg/m^27.6319

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Part 1: Apparent (Oral) Plasma Clearance (CL/F) of Ibrutinib

CL/F is defined as apparent plasma clearance of ibrutinib. As per planned analyses, PK parameters for Part 1 were presented per dose group (240 mg/m^2, 329 mg/m^2 and 440 mg/m^2) and age group (1-5, 6-11, 12-17 and >18 years). As planned in protocol, the PK parameters were presented per dose group as dosing was dependent on age. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to Cycle 3 (each cycle of 21 or 28 days)

,
Interventionmilliliter per hour (mL/h) (Median)
1-5 years6-11 years12-17 years
Part 1: Ibrutinib: 240 mg/m^212201450348
Part 1: Ibrutinib: 329 mg/m^2508805729

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Part 2: Apparent (Oral) Plasma Clearance (CL/F) of Ibrutinib

CL/F is defined as apparent plasma clearance of ibrutinib. As per planned analyses, PK parameters for Part 2 were presented per dose group (240 mg/m^2, 329 mg/m^2 and 440 mg/m^2) and age group (1-5, 6-11, 12-17 and >18 years). As planned in protocol, the PK parameters were presented per dose group as dosing was dependent on age. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to Cycle 3 (each cycle of 21 or 28 days)

InterventionmL/h (Median)
1-5 years6-11 years
Part 2: Ibrutinib: 440 mg/m^21110856

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Part 1 and Part 2: Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score for Palatability

Palatability of ibrutinib was measured by using a VAS. The scale is a 5-point visual analog scale incorporating a facial hedonic scale designed to span pediatric ages and levels of participant comprehension with a score range of 1 to 5, where 1 represents best score and 5 is worst palatability. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Day 1 of Cycle 1 and Cycle 3

,,
InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Cycle 1 Day 1Cycle 3 Day 1
Part 1: Ibrutinib+RICE2.63.3
Part 1: Ibrutinib+RVICI3.22.3
Part 2: Ibrutinib+CIT (RICE or RVICI)2.42.6

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Part 1 and Part 2: Number of Participants With Adverse Events as Measure of Safety and Tolerability

An AE is any untoward medical event that occurs in a participant administered an investigational product, and it does not necessarily indicate only events with clear causal relationship with the relevant investigational product. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to 4 year and 4 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Part 1: Ibrutinib+RICE11
Part 1: Ibrutinib+RVICI10
Part 2: Ibrutinib+CIT (RICE or RVICI)35
Part 2: Chemoimmunotherapy15

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Part 2: Apparent (Oral) Plasma Clearance (CL/F) of Ibrutinib

CL/F is defined as apparent plasma clearance of ibrutinib. As per planned analyses, PK parameters for Part 2 were presented per dose group (240 mg/m^2, 329 mg/m^2 and 440 mg/m^2) and age group (1-5, 6-11, 12-17 and >18 years). As planned in protocol, the PK parameters were presented per dose group as dosing was dependent on age. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to Cycle 3 (each cycle of 21 or 28 days)

InterventionmL/h (Median)
12-17 years18+ years
Part 2: Ibrutinib: 329 mg/m^29821510

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Part 2: Number of Participants With CD79B, CARD11, and MYD Mutations

Number of participants with CD79B, CARD11, and MYD mutations were reported. Blood samples were taken to evaluate the levels of biomarkers such as CD79B, CARD11, and MYD mutations. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to 4 year and 4 months

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
CD79BCARD11MYD mutation
Part 2: Chemoimmunotherapy000
Part 2: Ibrutinib+CIT (RICE or RVICI)110

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Part 2: Apparent (Oral) Volume of Distribution (Vd/F) of Ibrutinib

Vd/F is defined as apparent (oral) volume of distribution of ibrutinib. As per planned analyses, PK parameters for Part 2 were presented per dose group (240 mg/m^2, 329 mg/m^2 and 440 mg/m^2) and age group (1-5, 6-11, 12-17 and >18 years). As planned in protocol, the PK parameters were presented per dose group as dosing was dependent on age. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to Cycle 3 (each cycle of 21 or 28 days)

Interventionliter(s) (Median)
12-17 years
Part 2: Ibrutinib: 240 mg/m^29.9

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Part 2: Apparent (Oral) Volume of Distribution (Vd/F) of Ibrutinib

Vd/F is defined as apparent (oral) volume of distribution of ibrutinib. As per planned analyses, PK parameters for Part 2 were presented per dose group (240 mg/m^2, 329 mg/m^2 and 440 mg/m^2) and age group (1-5, 6-11, 12-17 and >18 years). As planned in protocol, the PK parameters were presented per dose group as dosing was dependent on age. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to Cycle 3 (each cycle of 21 or 28 days)

Interventionliter(s) (Median)
1-5 years6-11 years
Part 2: Ibrutinib: 440 mg/m^21.686.18

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Part 2: Apparent (Oral) Volume of Distribution (Vd/F) of Ibrutinib

Vd/F is defined as apparent (oral) volume of distribution of ibrutinib. As per planned analyses, PK parameters for Part 2 were presented per dose group (240 mg/m^2, 329 mg/m^2 and 440 mg/m^2) and age group (1-5, 6-11, 12-17 and >18 years). As planned in protocol, the PK parameters were presented per dose group as dosing was dependent on age. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to Cycle 3 (each cycle of 21 or 28 days)

Interventionliter(s) (Median)
12-17 years18+ years
Part 2: Ibrutinib: 329 mg/m^24.149.29

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Part 2: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) of Ibrutinib

AUC is defined as area under the plasma concentration-time curve. As per planned analyses, PK parameters for Part 2 were presented per dose group (240 mg/m^2, 329 mg/m^2 and 440 mg/m^2) and age group (1-5, 6-11, 12-17 and >18 years). As planned in protocol, the PK parameters were presented per dose group as dosing was dependent on age. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to Cycle 3 (each cycle of 21 or 28 days)

Interventionh*ng/mL (Mean)
12-17 years
Part 2: Ibrutinib: 240 mg/m^2:215

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Part 2: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) of Ibrutinib

AUC is defined as area under the plasma concentration-time curve. As per planned analyses, PK parameters for Part 2 were presented per dose group (240 mg/m^2, 329 mg/m^2 and 440 mg/m^2) and age group (1-5, 6-11, 12-17 and >18 years). As planned in protocol, the PK parameters were presented per dose group as dosing was dependent on age. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to Cycle 3 (each cycle of 21 or 28 days)

Interventionh*ng/mL (Mean)
1-5 years6-11 years
Part 2: Ibrutinib: 440 mg/m^2298655

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Part 2: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) of Ibrutinib

AUC is defined as area under the plasma concentration-time curve. As per planned analyses, PK parameters for Part 2 were presented per dose group (240 mg/m^2, 329 mg/m^2 and 440 mg/m^2) and age group (1-5, 6-11, 12-17 and >18 years). As planned in protocol, the PK parameters were presented per dose group as dosing was dependent on age. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to Cycle 3 (each cycle of 21 or 28 days)

Interventionh*ng/mL (Mean)
12-17 years18+ years
Part 2: Ibrutinib: 329 mg/m^2499423

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Part 2: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Ibrutinib

Cmax is defined as maximum plasma concentration of ibrutinib. As per planned analyses, PK parameters for Part 2 were presented per dose group (240 mg/m^2, 329 mg/m^2 and 440 mg/m^2) and age group (1-5, 6-11, 12-17 and >18 years). As planned in protocol, the PK parameters were presented per dose group as dosing was dependent on age. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to Cycle 3 (each cycle of 21 or 28 days)

Interventionng/mL (Median)
12-17 years
Part 2: Ibrutinib: 240 mg/m^22.93

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Part 2: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Ibrutinib

Cmax is defined as maximum plasma concentration of ibrutinib. As per planned analyses, PK parameters for Part 2 were presented per dose group (240 mg/m^2, 329 mg/m^2 and 440 mg/m^2) and age group (1-5, 6-11, 12-17 and >18 years). As planned in protocol, the PK parameters were presented per dose group as dosing was dependent on age. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to Cycle 3 (each cycle of 21 or 28 days)

Interventionng/mL (Median)
1-5 years6-11 years
Part 2: Ibrutinib: 440 mg/m^23.794.15

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Part 2: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Ibrutinib

Cmax is defined as maximum plasma concentration of ibrutinib. As per planned analyses, PK parameters for Part 2 were presented per dose group (240 mg/m^2, 329 mg/m^2 and 440 mg/m^2) and age group (1-5, 6-11, 12-17 and >18 years). As planned in protocol, the PK parameters were presented per dose group as dosing was dependent on age. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to Cycle 3 (each cycle of 21 or 28 days)

Interventionng/mL (Median)
12-17 years18+ years
Part 2: Ibrutinib: 329 mg/m^24.863.7

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Part 1 and Part 2: Number of Participants With Greater Than (>) 90% Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Occupancy

Number of participants with >90% BTK occupancy were reported. Blood samples were collected to assess BTK occupancy. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to 3 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Part 1: Ibrutinib5
Part 2: Ibrutinib5

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Part 1 and Part 2: Overall Response Rate (ORR)

ORR was defined as the percentage of participants achieving a best overall response of either complete response (CR) (including CR biopsy-negative [CRb] and unconfirmed CR [CRu]) or partial response (PR) as evaluated by International Pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) response criteria. CR=disappearance of all disease; CRb=residual mass has no morphologic evidence of disease from limited or core biopsy, with no new lesions by imaging examination; bone marrow (BM) and CSF morphologically free of disease; no new or PD elsewhere, CRu=Residual mass is negative by FDG-PET; no new lesions by imaging examination; BM and CSF morphologically free of disease; no new or PD elsewhere, PR=50% decrease in SPD on CT or MRI; FDG-PET may be positive (deauville score or 4 or 5 with reduced lesional uptake compared with baseline); no new or PD; morphologic evidence of disease may be present in BM or CSF if present at diagnosis; however, there should be 50% reduction in percentage of lymphoma cells. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to 4 year and 4 months

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Part 1: Ibrutinib+RICE81.8
Part 1: Ibrutinib+RVICI50.0
Part 2: Ibrutinib+CIT (RICE or RVICI)68.6
Part 2: Chemoimmunotherapy81.3

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Part 2: Duration of Response

Duration of response was defined as the duration from date of initial documentation of a response (CR or PR) to the date of first documented evidence of progressive disease (PD) or death, whichever occurred first. PD: >25% increase in SPD of residual lesions (calculated from nadir) on CT or MRI; Deauville score 4 or 5 on FDG-PET with increase in lesional uptake from baseline; documentation of new lesions or development of new morphologic evidence of disease in BM or CSF. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to 4 year and 4 months

InterventionMonths (Median)
Part 2: Ibrutinib+CIT (RICE or RVICI)6.01
Part 2: Chemoimmunotherapy6.51

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Part 2: Event Free Survival (EFS) Between the 2 Treatment Groups

EFS was the time interval from randomization to death, disease progression, or lack of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) after 3 cycles of treatment, whichever occurred first based on blinded independent event review by the Independent Review Committee (IRC). CR was defined as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals no residual disease or new lesions, resected residual mass that was pathologically (morphologically) negative for disease, BM and CSF morphologically free of disease with no new lesions by imaging examination. PR was defined as 50 percent (%) decrease in sum of the products of the lesion diameters (SPD) on CT or MRI; fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) may be positive, no new or progressive disease (PD); morphologic evidence of disease may be present in BM or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) if present at diagnosis; however, there should be 50% reduction in percentage of lymphoma cells. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Time from Randomization to death, disease progression, or lack of CR or PR after 3 cycles of treatment (up to 4 year and 4 months)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Part 2: Ibrutinib+CIT (RICE or RVICI)6.05
Part 2: Chemoimmunotherapy6.97

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Part 2: Number of Participants Who Proceeded to Stem Cell Transplantation

Number of participants who proceeded to stem cell transplantation were reported. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to end of the study (Up to 4 year and 4 months)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Part 2: Ibrutinib+CIT (RICE or RVICI)13
Part 2: Chemoimmunotherapy7

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Part 2: Apparent (Oral) Plasma Clearance (CL/F) of Ibrutinib

CL/F is defined as apparent plasma clearance of ibrutinib. As per planned analyses, PK parameters for Part 2 were presented per dose group (240 mg/m^2, 329 mg/m^2 and 440 mg/m^2) and age group (1-5, 6-11, 12-17 and >18 years). As planned in protocol, the PK parameters were presented per dose group as dosing was dependent on age. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to Cycle 3 (each cycle of 21 or 28 days)

InterventionmL/h (Median)
12-17 years
Part 2: Ibrutinib: 240 mg/m^21730

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Part 1: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Ibrutinib

Cmax is defined as maximum plasma concentration of ibrutinib. As per planned analyses, pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters for Part 1 were presented per dose group (240 mg/m^2, 329 mg/m^2 and 440 mg/m^2) and age group (1-5, 6-11, 12-17 and >18 years). As planned in protocol, the PK parameters were presented per dose group as dosing was dependent on age. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to Cycle 3 (each cycle of 21 or 28 days)

,
Interventionnanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) (Median)
1-5 years6-11 years12-17 years
Part 1: Ibrutinib: 240 mg/m^23.863.464.88
Part 1: Ibrutinib: 329 mg/m^24.483.644.73

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Part 1: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Ibrutinib

Cmax is defined as maximum plasma concentration of ibrutinib. As per planned analyses, pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters for Part 1 were presented per dose group (240 mg/m^2, 329 mg/m^2 and 440 mg/m^2) and age group (1-5, 6-11, 12-17 and >18 years). As planned in protocol, the PK parameters were presented per dose group as dosing was dependent on age. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to Cycle 3 (each cycle of 21 or 28 days)

Interventionnanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) (Median)
1-5 years6-11 years
Part 1: Ibrutinib: 440 mg/m^25.073.88

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Part 1: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) of Ibrutinib

AUC is defined as area under the plasma concentration-time curve. As per planned analyses, pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters for Part 1 were presented per dose group (240 milligrams per meter square [mg/m^2], 329 mg/m^2 and 440 mg/m^2) and age group (1-5, 6-11, 12-17 and >18 years). As planned in protocol, the PK parameters were presented per dose group as dosing was dependent on age. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to Cycle 3 (each cycle of 21 or 28 days)

,
Interventionhours*nanogram per milliliter (h*ng/mL) (Median)
1-5 years6-11 years12-17 years
Part 1: Ibrutinib: 240 mg/m^21431451210
Part 1: Ibrutinib: 329 mg/m^2386349661

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Part 1: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) of Ibrutinib

AUC is defined as area under the plasma concentration-time curve. As per planned analyses, pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters for Part 1 were presented per dose group (240 milligrams per meter square [mg/m^2], 329 mg/m^2 and 440 mg/m^2) and age group (1-5, 6-11, 12-17 and >18 years). As planned in protocol, the PK parameters were presented per dose group as dosing was dependent on age. (NCT02703272)
Timeframe: Up to Cycle 3 (each cycle of 21 or 28 days)

Interventionhours*nanogram per milliliter (h*ng/mL) (Median)
1-5 years6-11 years
Part 1: Ibrutinib: 440 mg/m^2310324

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Number of Participants With Complete Response (CR) of Rolapitant Hydrochloride Administered as a Single-dose

Complete response (CR) no emetic episodes and no rescue medications. (NCT02732015)
Timeframe: Days 1-10

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Cohort 10
Cohort 25

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Disease Control Rate (DCR): Percentage of Participants With a Best Overall Response of CR, PR, or Stable Disease (SD)

Disease control rate (DCR) is the percentage of participants with a best overall response of CR, PR or SD as defined by RECIST v1.1. CR is defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and no appearance of new lesions. PR is defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter (LD) of target lesions (taking as reference the baseline sum LD), no progression of non-target lesions, and no appearance of new lesions. SD is neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for progressive disease (PD) for target lesions, no progression of non-target lesions, and no appearance of new lesions. PD is defined as at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, with reference being the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm, or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions, or 1 or more new lesions. (NCT03283696)
Timeframe: Baseline until Disease Progression or Death Due to Any Cause (Up To 21 Months)

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Olaratumab 15 mg/kg + Doxorubicin + Ifosfamide81.3
Olaratumab 20 mg/kg + Doxorubicin + Ifosfamide87.5

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Number of Participants With Olaratumab Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs)

"A Dose Limiting Toxicity is defined as an Adverse Event (AE) that is likely related to the study medication or combination, and fulfills any one of the following criteria, graded according to the NCI-CTCAE Version 4.0:~Grade 3 or 4 febrile neutropenia, or sepsis., or~Grade 4 neutropenia lasting 7 days or longer.~Grade 4 thrombocytopenia, or Grade 3 thrombocytopenia complicated by hemorrhage.~Nonhematologic Grade ≥3 toxicity, except for toxicities (such as nausea, vomiting, transient electrolyte abnormalities, or diarrhoea) that can be controlled with optimal medical management within 48 hours or clinically non-significant laboratory abnormalities." (NCT03283696)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 (Up To 24 days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olaratumab 15 mg/kg + Doxorubicin + Ifosfamide4
Olaratumab 20 mg/kg + Doxorubicin + Ifosfamide4

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PK: Trough Serum Concentration (Cmin,ss) of Olaratumab at Steady-state

PK: Cmin of olaratumab at steady-state. (NCT03283696)
Timeframe: Cycle 3 - Day 1 (predose, end of infusion, 2 hours post olara, 5 hours post olara, 24 hours post olara, 72 hours post olara), Day 8 (predose, end of infusion, 2 hours post-olara, 5 hours post olara, 48 hours post olara, 168 hours post olara)

,
Interventionmicrograms per milliliter (μg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 3 Day 1Cycle 3 Day 8
Olaratumab 15 mg/kg + Doxorubicin + Ifosfamide154126
Olaratumab 20 mg/kg + Doxorubicin + Ifosfamide177115

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PK: Trough Serum Concentration (Cmin)

PK: Cmin of olaratumab. (NCT03283696)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 - Day 1 (predose, end of infusion, 2 hours post olaratumab (olara), 6 hours post olara, 24 hours post olara, 72 hours post olara), Day 8 (predose, end of infusion, 2 hours post-olara, 6 hours post olara, 48 hours post olara, 168 hours post olara)

,
Interventionmicrograms per milliliter (μg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 1 Day 1Cycle 1 Day 8
Olaratumab 15 mg/kg + Doxorubicin + Ifosfamide87.346.7
Olaratumab 20 mg/kg + Doxorubicin + Ifosfamide14053.3

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Number of Participants With Anti-Olaratumab Antibodies

Participants with treatment-emergent anti-drug antibody (TE ADA) positive were 1) a participant with a 4-fold (2 dilutions) increase over a positive baseline antibody titer; or 2) for a negative baseline titer, a participant with an increase from the baseline to a level of 1:20. (NCT03283696)
Timeframe: Baseline through Follow-up (Up To 21 Months)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olaratumab 15 mg/kg + Doxorubicin + Ifosfamide0
Olaratumab 20 mg/kg + Doxorubicin + Ifosfamide1

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Duration of Response (DoR)

Duration of response is defined as the time from the date measurement criteria for CR or PR (whichever is first recorded) are first met until the first date that disease is recurrent or objective progression is observed, per RECIST 1.1, or the date of death from any cause in the absence of objectively determined disease progression or recurrence. Participants known to be alive and without disease progression will be censored at the time of the last adequate tumor assessment. (NCT03283696)
Timeframe: Date of Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) to Objective Disease Progression or Death Due to Any Cause (Up To 21 Months)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Olaratumab 15 mg/kg + Doxorubicin + Ifosfamide8.25
Olaratumab 20 mg/kg + Doxorubicin + IfosfamideNA

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Objective Response Rate (ORR): Number of Participants Who Achieve Best Overall Tumor Response of Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR)

Objective response rate is the best overall tumor response of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) as classified by the independent central review according to the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST v1.1). CR is a disappearance of all target and non-target lesions and normalization of tumor marker level. PR is an at least 30% decrease in the sum of the diameters of target lesions (taking as reference the baseline sum diameter) without progression of non-target lesions or appearance of new lesions. (NCT03283696)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Short-Term Follow-Up Period (Up To 21 Months)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Olaratumab 15 mg/kg + Doxorubicin + Ifosfamide6
Olaratumab 20 mg/kg + Doxorubicin + Ifosfamide1

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Overall Survival (OS)

Overall survival is defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of death from any cause. For each participant who is not known to have died as of the data-inclusion cut-off date for a particular analysis, overall survival duration was censored for that analysis at the date of last prior contact. (NCT03283696)
Timeframe: Baseline to Date of Death Due to Any Cause (Up To 21 Months)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Olaratumab 15 mg/kg + Doxorubicin + Ifosfamide16.72
Olaratumab 20 mg/kg + Doxorubicin + IfosfamideNA

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Progression Free Survival (PFS)

Progression-free survival time was measured from randomization until the date of objective progression as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.1 (RECIST v1.1), or death from any cause. PD is defined as at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, with reference being the smallest sum on study and an absolute increase of at least 5 mm, or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions, or 1 or more new lesions. Participants who have neither progressed nor died were censored at the day of their last radiographic tumor assessment, if available, or date of randomization if no post-baseline radiographic assessment is available. (NCT03283696)
Timeframe: Baseline to Objective Disease Progression or Death Due to Any Cause (Up To 21 Months)

InterventionMonths (Median)
Olaratumab 15 mg/kg + Doxorubicin + Ifosfamide9.53
Olaratumab 20 mg/kg + Doxorubicin + Ifosfamide6.93

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Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum Serum Concentration (Cmax) of Olaratumab

PK: Cmax of olaratumab. (NCT03283696)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 - Day 1 (predose, end of infusion, 2 hours post olaratumab (olara), 6 hours post olara, 24 hours post olara, 72 hours post olara), Day 8 (predose, end of infusion, 2 hours post-olara, 6 hours post olara, 48 hours post olara, 168 hours post olara)

,
Interventionmicrograms per milliliter (μg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 1 Day 1Cycle 1 Day 8
Olaratumab 15 mg/kg + Doxorubicin + Ifosfamide408452
Olaratumab 20 mg/kg + Doxorubicin + Ifosfamide508671

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PK: Maximum Serum Concentration (Cmax,ss) of Olaratumab at Steady-state

PK: Cmax of olaratumab at steady-state. (NCT03283696)
Timeframe: Cycle 3 - Day 1 (predose, end of infusion, 2 hours post olara, 5 hours post olara, 24 hours post olara, 72 hours post olara), Day 8 (predose, end of infusion, 2 hours post-olara, 5 hours post olara, 48 hours post olara, 168 hours post olara)

,
Interventionmicrograms per milliliter (μg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 3 Day 1Cycle 3 Day 8
Olaratumab 15 mg/kg + Doxorubicin + Ifosfamide533523
Olaratumab 20 mg/kg + Doxorubicin + Ifosfamide494545

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Percentage of Participants With Overall Survival at 1 Year or Month 12 (OS-1y)

OS-1y was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of death from any cause assessed up to 1 year. OS was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Final analysis data was reported for this outcome measure. (NCT04154189)
Timeframe: Month 12 or 1 Year

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment Arm A: Lenvatinib + Ifosfamide + Etoposide49.2
Treatment Arm B: Ifosfamide + Etoposide72.1

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Percentage of Participants With PFS at 1 Year or Month 12 (PFS-1y Rate) by IIR Assessment

PFS-1y rate as assessed by IIR was defined as the percentage of participants who were alive and without PD at 1 year from randomization date using RECIST v1.1. PD was defined as at least a 20% increase or 5 mm increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions (taking as reference the smallest sum on study) recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of 1 or more new lesions. PFS-1y rate was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Final analysis data was reported for this outcome measure. (NCT04154189)
Timeframe: Month 12 or 1 Year

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment Arm A: Lenvatinib + Ifosfamide + EtoposideNA
Treatment Arm B: Ifosfamide + Etoposide14.9

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Percentage of Participants With PFS at Month 4 (PFS-4m Rate) by IIR Assessment

PFS rate at 4 months as assessed by IIR was defined as the percentage of participants who were alive and without PD at 4 months from the randomization date using RECIST v1.1. PD was defined as at least a 20% increase or 5 mm increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions (taking as reference the smallest sum on study) recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of 1 or more new lesions. The PFS-4m was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Final analysis data was reported for this outcome measure. (NCT04154189)
Timeframe: Month 4

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment Arm A: Lenvatinib + Ifosfamide + Etoposide76.3
Treatment Arm B: Ifosfamide + Etoposide66.0

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Progression-free Survival (PFS) by Independent Imaging Review (IIR) Assessment

PFS as assessed by IIR was defined as the time from the date of randomization to the date of the first documentation of PD or date of death (whichever occurred first), as determined using RECIST v1.1. PD was defined as at least a 20 percent (%) increase or 5 millimeter (mm) increase in the sum of diameters of target lesions (taking as reference the smallest sum on study) recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of 1 or more new lesions. PFS was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT04154189)
Timeframe: From the date of randomization to the date of the first documentation of PD or date of death, whichever occurred first (up to 14.2 months)

Interventionmonths (Median)
Treatment Arm A: Lenvatinib + Ifosfamide + Etoposide6.5
Treatment Arm B: Ifosfamide + Etoposide5.5

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Number of Participants Categorized Based on Overall Palatability and Acceptability Questionnaire Responses for Suspension of Lenvatinib

The palatability and acceptability of lenvatinib oral suspension formulation was assessed using the Palatability Questionnaire. In the questionnaire, participants were asked to answer palatability and acceptability of lenvatinib suspension considering the following elements: taste, appearance, smell, how does it feel in the mouth and overall acceptability in terms of 7 responses: Super good, really good, good, may be good or may be bad, bad, really bad, super bad. In this outcome measure, number of participants have been reported per their overall palatability and acceptability responses. Final analysis data was reported for this outcome measure. (NCT04154189)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Day 1 (Cycle length = 21 days)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Super BadReally BadBadMay be Good or May be BadGoodReally GoodSuper Good
All Participants: Lenvatinib 14 mg/m^20002201

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Change From Baseline in Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Scale: Generic Core Scale Score at Month 4

Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL): PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scale is a multidimensional scale. It included assessment of 4 dimensions: physical functioning (8 items), emotional functioning (8 items), social functioning (8 items), and school functioning (5 items - children greater than or equal to [>=] 5 years, adults; 3 items - toddlers [aged 2-4 years]). Each item was reported using a 5-point Likert scale, items were then reverse-scored and linearly transformed to a 0 to 100 scale. Generic Core Scale total score: sum of all the items divided by the number of items answered across all the scales. Total score ranges from 0 to 100, where higher scores=better HRQoL, lower scores=worse HRQoL. Final analysis data was reported for this outcome measure. (NCT04154189)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 4

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Treatment Arm A: Lenvatinib + Ifosfamide + Etoposide2.61
Treatment Arm B: Ifosfamide + Etoposide2.65

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Change From Baseline in PedsQL Scale: Cancer Module Scale Score at Month 4

HRQoL: PedsQL 3.0 Cancer Module Scale measured pediatric cancer-specific HRQoL. It included assessment of 8 dimensions: pain and hurt (2 items), nausea (5 items), procedural anxiety (3 items), treatment anxiety (3 items), worry (3 items), cognitive problems (3 items - toddlers [aged 2-4], 4 items - young children [aged 5-7]; 5 items for children aged >=8 years, adults), perceived physical appearance (3 items), communication (3 items). Each item was reported using a 5-point Likert scale, items were then reverse-scored and linearly transformed to a 0 to 100 scale. Cancer Module total score: sum of all items divided by the number of items answered on all the scales. Total score ranges from 0 to 100, where higher scores=better HRQoL, lower scores=worse HRQoL. Final analysis data was reported for this outcome measure. (NCT04154189)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 4

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Treatment Arm A: Lenvatinib + Ifosfamide + Etoposide2.66
Treatment Arm B: Ifosfamide + Etoposide2.08

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Objective Response Rate at Month 4 (ORR-4m) by IIR Assessment

ORR-4m was defined as the percentage of participants with best overall response of complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) as determined by IIR using RECIST v1.1 within the first 4 months. CR: defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions (non-lymph nodes). All pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have a reduction in their short axis to less than (<) 10 mm. PR: defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. 95% confidence interval (CI) of ORR was calculated using the method of Clopper and Pearson. Final analysis data was reported for this outcome measure. (NCT04154189)
Timeframe: Month 4

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment Arm A: Lenvatinib + Ifosfamide + Etoposide15.0
Treatment Arm B: Ifosfamide + Etoposide7.3

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Treatment Arm A: Plasma Concentration of Lenvatinib

Plasma concentration of lenvatinib in participants from Treatment Arm A (Lenvatinib + Ifosfamide + Etoposide) at different time points were reported. As planned, data for this outcome measure was analyzed for treatment arm A only. Lenvatinib concentration in plasma was quantified using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Final analysis data was reported for this outcome measure. (NCT04154189)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 Day 1: 0.5-4 hours and 6-10 hours post-dose; Cycle 1 Day 15: Pre-dose, 0.5-4 hours and 6-10 hours post-dose; Cycle 2 Day 1: Pre-dose (each Cycle length = 21 days)

Interventionnanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) (Mean)
Cycle 1, Day 1: 0.5-4 hours post-doseCycle 1, Day 1: 6-10 hours post-doseCycle 1, Day 15: Pre-doseCycle 1, Day 15: 0.5-4 hours post-doseCycle 1, Day 15: 6-10 hours post-doseCycle 2, Day 1: Pre-dose
Treatment Arm A: Lenvatinib + Ifosfamide + Etoposide147.9217.870.7222.3310.970.2

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ORR by IIR Assessment

ORR by IIR was defined as the percentage of participants with best overall response of CR or PR determined using RECIST v1.1. CR: defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions (non-lymph nodes). All pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have a reduction in their short axis to <10 mm. PR: defined as at least a 30% decrease in the sum of diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. 95% CI of ORR was calculated using the method of Clopper and Pearson. Final analysis data was reported for this outcome measure. (NCT04154189)
Timeframe: From the date of randomization to the date of the first documentation of CR or PR, whichever occurred first (up to approximately 14.2 months)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Treatment Arm A: Lenvatinib + Ifosfamide + Etoposide15.0
Treatment Arm B: Ifosfamide + Etoposide9.8

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Event-Free Survival (EFS)

Duration of Event-Free Survival (EFS) in study participants. EFS is defined as the time from first dose to documented disease progression, death from any cause, or study dropout, whichever occurs first. (NCT04189952)
Timeframe: Up to 61 weeks

Interventionweeks (Number)
Acalabrutinib + R-ICENA

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Number of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events

The safety profile and tolerability of acalabrutinib + R-ICE will be reported as the number of treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) or abnormalities of laboratory tests; serious adverse events (SAEs); dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), or AEs leading to discontinuation of study treatment, or death. Severity and relationship will be assessed by the treating physician using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), Version 5.0. (NCT04189952)
Timeframe: 13 weeks

InterventionTreatment-emergent adverse events (Number)
Acalabrutinib + R-ICENA

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Overall Survival (OS)

Duration of Overall Survival (OS) in study participants. OS is defined as the time from first dose to death from any cause. Data for subjects who are still alive at the time of data cutoff date, lost to follow-up, have discontinued the study (or, if no post-baseline assessment, at the time of first dose plus 1 day) will be censored. (NCT04189952)
Timeframe: Up to 61 weeks

Interventionweeks (Number)
Acalabrutinib + R-ICENA

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Percentage of Participants Achieving Complete Response (CR)

The percentage of participants achieving complete response (CR) will be assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Lymphoma (RECIL 2017) criteria. (NCT04189952)
Timeframe: 9 weeks (End of Cycle 3)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Acalabrutinib + R-ICENA

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Percentage of Participants Achieving Mobilization Rate Greater Than or Equal to 2x10^6 CD34+ Cells/kg Body Weight

Percentage of study participants achieving a mobilization rate of greater than or equal to 2x10^6 CD34+ cells/kg body weight. Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize the mobilization rates. (NCT04189952)
Timeframe: 9 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Acalabrutinib + R-ICENA

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Percentage of Participants Achieving Overall Response

Overall response is defined as the percentage of participants who achieved complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) to acalabrutinib + R-ICE therapy. Response will be assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Lymphoma (RECIL 2017) criteria. (NCT04189952)
Timeframe: 9 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Acalabrutinib + R-ICENA

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Percentage of Participants Achieving Partial Response (PR)

The percentage of participants achieving partial response (PR) will be assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Lymphoma (RECIL 2017) criteria. (NCT04189952)
Timeframe: 9 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Acalabrutinib + R-ICENA

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Progression-Free Survival (PFS)

Duration of Progression-Free Survival (PFS) in study participants. PFS is defined as the time from first dose to documented disease progression, or death from any cause, whichever occurs first. Data for subjects who are still alive and free from progression at the time of data cutoff date, lost to follow-up, or have discontinued the study will be censored on last assessment (or, if no post-baseline tumor assessment, at the time of first dose plus 1 day). (NCT04189952)
Timeframe: Up to 61 weeks

Interventionweeks (Number)
Acalabrutinib + R-ICENA

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SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
acetylcarnitine
Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.		4.3111O-acylcarnitinehuman metabolite
ethylene dichloride
ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2.		2.4620chloroethaneshepatotoxic agent;
mutagen;
non-polar solvent
chloroacetaldehyde
[no description available]		9.64453organochlorine compound
aminolevulinic acid
Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.		2.05104-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid		antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethylene glycol
Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.		2.4620ethanediol;
glycol		metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
solvent;
toxin
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		2.0510monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.		9.64453aldehydecarcinogenic agent;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
electron acceptor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
teratogenic agent
acetamide
acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.		2.0510acetamides;
carboximidic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia
adenine
[no description available]		4.8216-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
agmatine
Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.		2.0310guanidines;
primary amino compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
allantoin
[no description available]		2.0510imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
ureas		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
vulnerary
quinacrine
Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.		2.4520acridines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine
[no description available]		2.1510amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid		agonist;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
inhibitor;
neurotransmitter
benzyl alcohol
Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.		1.9710benzyl alcoholsantioxidant;
fragrance;
metabolite;
solvent
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		4.140amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
hydrobromic acid
Hydrobromic Acid: Hydrobromic acid (HBr). A solution of hydrogen bromide gas in water.. hydrobromide : Salts formally resulting from the reaction of hydrobromic acid with an organic base.. hydrogen bromide : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and bromine atoms.		3.0610gas molecular entity;
hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		mouse metabolite
carbamates
[no description available]		2.0310amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.		2.4320carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent
carnitine
[no description available]		6.04101amino-acid betainehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
catechol
[no description available]		210catecholsallelochemical;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		2.2110alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
chloroacetic acid
chloroacetic acid: urinary metabolite of vinyl chloride; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chloroacetic acid : A chlorocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid carrying a 2-chloro substituent.		2.3820chlorocarboxylic acid;
haloacetic acid		alkylating agent;
herbicide
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		2.0510tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		2.0210halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		5.6151monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
octanoic acid
octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.		1.9910medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
4-aminophenol
4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.		2.0510aminophenolallergen;
metabolite
bupropion
Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		4.2650aromatic ketone;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid
oxoproline : A pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid consisting of proline bearing a single oxo substituent.		2.0110oxoproline;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		human metabolite
phosphonoacetic acid
Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		3.0610monocarboxylic acid;
phosphonic acids		antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.		4.460amino acid zwitterion;
epsilon-amino acid;
omega-amino fatty acid		antifibrinolytic drug;
hematologic agent;
metabolite
creatine
[no description available]		2.5220glycine derivative;
guanidines;
zwitterion		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical
cytosine
[no description available]		3.110aminopyrimidine;
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.13502-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		2.9340sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
ethanolamine
[no description available]		2.0610ethanolamines;
primary alcohol;
primary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		2.4120aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hexachlorocyclohexane
Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.		2.4620chlorocyclohexane
glutaric acid
glutaric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glutaric acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is a linear five-carbon dicarboxylic acid.		3.7830alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		7.4220alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		2.0510alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
glycolic acid
glycolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glycolic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.		1.99102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
primary alcohol		keratolytic drug;
metabolite
hydrogen carbonate
Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.		4.8881carbon oxoanioncofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dalteparin
Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.0610
histamine
[no description available]		2.3720aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
hydroquinone
[no description available]		2.0510benzenediol;
hydroquinones		antioxidant;
carcinogenic agent;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
skin lightening agent
pipecolic acid
pipecolic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pipecolic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position C-2.. pipecolate : A piperidinecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of pipecolic acid.		2.0110piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
thioctic acid
Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.		2.5120dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
thia fatty acid		fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
pyruvaldehyde
Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.		3.41112-oxo aldehyde;
propanals		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		2.5420alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.		2.7530cyclitol;
hexol
melatonin
[no description available]		8.1550acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
acetanilide
acetanilide: a phenylacetamide; use ACETANILIDES for the plural group meaning of the singular term. N-phenylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.0110acetamides;
anilide		analgesic
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		4.7261pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
niacin
Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.		4.4360pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
nitrates
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.		2.0710monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		2.0710monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite
orotic acid
Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.		2.0510pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid
4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.		2.0510aminobenzoic acid;
aromatic amino-acid zwitterion		allergen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
palmitic acid
Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.		1.9910long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
phenol
[no description available]		2.5120phenolsantiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenylacetic acid
phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenylacetic acids		allergen;
Aspergillus metabolite;
auxin;
EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
toxin
pyrazinamide
pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.		4.5670monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia;
pyrazines		antitubercular agent;
prodrug
pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.		2.0510methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6 phosphate		coenzyme;
cofactor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).		4.0840hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiosulfates
Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.		5.6731divalent inorganic anion;
sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion		human metabolite
sarcosine
cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis		1.9810N-alkylglycine zwitterion;
N-alkylglycine;
N-methyl-amino acid;
N-methylglycines		Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
glycine transporter 1 inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
succinic acid
Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		1.9910alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		anti-ulcer drug;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
radiation protective agent
sulfuric acid
sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.		3.0610sulfur oxoacidcatalyst
taurine
[no description available]		6.9910amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine
thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.		5.18140primary alcohol;
vitamin B1		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		2.7130pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		2.0510uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		3.2760isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
catechin
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxyflavan
vanilmandelic acid
Vanilmandelic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.. vanillylmandelic acid : An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid.		4.31112-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
aromatic ether;
phenols		human metabolite
menthol
Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.		2.0510p-menthane monoterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		volatile oil component
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.		2.4620monochlorobenzenes;
N-arylpiperazine		drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
serotonergic agonist;
xenobiotic
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		2.0410aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.		2.0310methylpyridines;
phenylpyridine;
tetrahydropyridine		neurotoxin
2,4-dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.		2.4620dinitrophenolallergen;
antiseptic drug;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
geroprotector;
oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
mercaptoethanol
Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.		11.51799alkanethiol;
primary alcohol		geroprotector
3-methylcholanthrene
Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.		2.420ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenearyl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent
enprofylline
enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.		2.4520oxopurineanti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
homovanillic acid
Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.		4.3111guaiacols;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenytoin
[no description available]		9.7590imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
hydroxyindoleacetic acid
(5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.		1.9910indole-3-acetic acidsdrug metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
tacrine
Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		3.4370acridines;
aromatic amine		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acebutolol
Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.		4.460aromatic amide;
ethanolamines;
ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		6.33111acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
salophen
salophen: structure given in first source		2.0110carbonyl compound
acetazolamide
Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)		4.5570monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide
Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.		2.7530acetophenones;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
acetohydroxamic acid
acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.8530acetohydroxamic acids;
carbohydroximic acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
Acetylpheneturide
[no description available]		2.0110organic molecular entity
alaproclate
alaproclate: specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		3.5920alpha-amino acid ester
albendazole
[no description available]		4.5470aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		anthelminthic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
albuterol
Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).		4.7790phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alendronate
alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.		4.08401,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
primary amino compound		bone density conservation agent;
EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alfuzosin
alfuzosin: structure given in first source		3.8630monocarboxylic acid amide;
quinazolines;
tetrahydrofuranol		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
alosetron
alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.		3.5820imidazoles;
pyridoindole		antiemetic;
gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic antagonist
alprazolam
Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.		4.2550organochlorine compound;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
alprenolol
Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.		2.9740secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
altretamine
Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.		8.63122triamino-1,3,5-triazine
amantadine
amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source		4.6680adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		analgesic;
antiparkinson drug;
antiviral drug;
dopaminergic agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
ambenonium
ambenonium : A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.		3.2310quaternary ammonium ionEC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
ambroxol
Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.		2.0510aromatic amine
diatrizoic acid
Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		3.8730acetamides;
benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
amifostine anhydrous
Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.		9.61610diamine;
organic thiophosphate		antioxidant;
prodrug;
radiation protective agent
aminoglutethimide
Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.		3.1550dicarboximide;
piperidones;
substituted aniline		adrenergic agent;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine
pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.		2.0510guanidines;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid
p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.		3.5720N-acylglycineDaphnia magna metabolite
4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid
4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid comprising 4-aminobutyric acid having a 2-hydroxy substituent.		2.01103-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid
theophylline
[no description available]		4.92110dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
amiodarone
Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.		4.951101-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiovascular drug
dan 2163
[no description available]		2.7530aromatic amide;
aromatic amine;
benzamides;
pyrrolidines;
sulfone		environmental contaminant;
second generation antipsychotic;
xenobiotic
amitriptyline
Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.		4.5470carbotricyclic compound;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
amlexanox
amlexanox: SRA-A antagonist;structure given in first source. amlexanox : A pyridochromene-derived monocarboxylic acid having an amino substituent at the 2-position, an oxo substituent at the 5-position and an isopropyl substituent at the 7-position.		2.7230monocarboxylic acid;
pyridochromene		anti-allergic agent;
anti-ulcer drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
amlodipine
Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.		4.6580dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
amobarbital
Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.		2.0510barbiturates
amoxapine
Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.		4.2650dibenzooxazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
amsacrine
Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.		7.28101acridines;
aromatic ether;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
anastrozole
[no description available]		4.4260nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
anethole trithione
Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.		2.0510methoxybenzenes
anthralin
Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.		2.4720anthracenesantipsoriatic
antipyrine
Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.		2.9740pyrazoloneantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
acetovanillone
apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.		2.2110acetophenones;
aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone		antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug;
plant metabolite
apraclonidine
apraclonidine: relieves postoperative intraocular pressure following trabeculoplasty; RN given refers to parent cpd. apraclonidine : An imidazoline that is 2-amino 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoline in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens has been replaced by a 4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		2.0210dichlorobenzene;
guanidines;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antiglaucoma drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
diagnostic agent;
ophthalmology drug
arecoline
Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.		2.0110enoate ester;
methyl ester;
pyridine alkaloid;
tetrahydropyridine		metabolite;
muscarinic agonist
aristolochic acid i
aristolochic acid I: phospholipase A inhibitor. aristolochic acid A : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.		2.0110aristolochic acids;
aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
cyclic acetal;
monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mutagen;
nephrotoxin;
toxin
arotinolol
arotinolol: structure given in first source; arotinolol is the (+-)-isomer		2.0110aromatic amide;
thiophenes
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		4.6680benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
astemizole
Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.		2.9640benzimidazoles;
piperidines		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol
Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.		4.85100ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
sympatholytic agent;
xenobiotic
azasetron
azasetron: a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source;		2.0310benzoxazine
azathioprine
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.		4.98120aryl sulfide;
C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
thiopurine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
azelaic acid
nonanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups.		2.0210alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
plant metabolite
azelastine
azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.7330monochlorobenzenes;
phthalazines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
baclofen
[no description available]		4.0840amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant
barbital
5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).		2.0510barbituratesdrug allergen
bendazac
bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts.		3.8730indazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger
bendroflumethiazide
Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.		3.2310benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
benzbromarone
Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.		4.56701-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone		uricosuric drug
benzocaine
Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.		2.4420benzoate ester;
substituted aniline		allergen;
antipruritic drug;
sensitiser;
topical anaesthetic
bepridil
Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.		2.0210pyrrolidines;
tertiary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
betaxolol
[no description available]		4.2550propanolamineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bethanechol
Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.		3.5920carbamate ester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscarinic agonist
bevantolol
bevantolol: structure given in first source. bevantolol : A propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.4520propanolamineanti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
calcium channel blocker
bicalutamide
bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.		4.6780(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol
bay h 4502
bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.		2.4720biphenyls;
imidazoles
biperiden
Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.		4.4160piperidines;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to sarin poisoning;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
bisacodyl
Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)		3.6120diarylmethane
bisoprolol
Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.		4.5470secondary alcohol;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bithionol
Bithionol: Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.. bithionol : An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes, but withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders.		2.4620aryl sulfide;
bridged diphenyl antifungal drug;
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
dichlorobenzene;
organochlorine pesticide;
polyphenol		antifungal agrochemical;
antiplatyhelmintic drug
brimonidine
[no description available]		2.0210imidazoles;
quinoxaline derivative;
secondary amine		adrenergic agonist;
alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent
bromazepam
Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.		2.7430organic molecular entity
bromopride
bromopride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.7530benzamides
bromisovalum
Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group.		2.4220N-acylurea;
organobromine compound
bronopol
[no description available]		2.0810nitro compound
brotizolam
brotizolam: structure		2.4520organic molecular entity
buflomedil
buflomedil: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym LL 1656 refers to HCl; structure		2.7430aromatic ketone
bumetanide
[no description available]		4.7690amino acid;
benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		diuretic;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunazosin
bunazosin: structure		2.0410quinazolines
bupivacaine
Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.		3.4370aromatic amide;
piperidinecarboxamide;
tertiary amino compound
buspirone
Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.		4.5570azaspiro compound;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
piperidones;
pyrimidines		anxiolytic drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
sedative;
serotonergic agonist
busulfan
[no description available]		12.37306methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
insect sterilant;
teratogenic agent
secbutabarbital
secbutabarbital: Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) should be distinguished from Butobarbital		3.2310barbiturates
butalbital
butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache.		2.0510barbituratesanalgesic;
sedative
butenafine
butenafine: studied on experimental dermatophytosis. butenafine : Trimethylamine in which hydrogen atoms attached to different methyl groups are substituted by 1-naphthyl and 4-tert-butylphenyl groups. It is an inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, an enzyme responsible for the creation of sterols needed in fungal cell membranes, and is used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of dermatological fungal infections.		2.0210naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		antifungal drug;
EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor
caffeine
[no description available]		6.92121purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		12.1151aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
metrizoate
Metrizoic Acid: A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt.		2.4520monocarboxylic acidradioopaque medium
candesartan cilexetil
candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects		2.0510biphenyls
candesartan
candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.		3.8630benzimidazolecarboxylic acid;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cannabinol
Cannabinol: A physiologically inactive constituent of Cannabis sativa L.		2.0110dibenzopyran
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.		4.86100dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic
carbetapentane
carbetapentane: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0110benzenes
carbinoxamine
carbinoxamine: Note: tradenames that start with Histex refer to more than one drug. carbinoxamine : An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease.		3.5920monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
carbazilquinone
Carbazilquinone: An alkylating agent structurally similar to MITOMYCIN and found to be effective in the treatment of leukemia and various other neoplasms in mice. It causes leukemia and thrombocytopenia in almost all human patients.		3.7621organic molecular entity
carisoprodol
Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.		3.5920carbamate estermuscle relaxant
carmustine
Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.		14.836417N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
carprofen
carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.		2.7830carbazoles;
organochlorine compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
photosensitizing agent
carteolol
Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.		2.0210quinolone;
secondary alcohol		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
carvedilol
[no description available]		4.5470carbazoles;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
celecoxib
[no description available]		7.4981organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cetirizine
Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.		3.8530ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperazines		anti-allergic agent;
environmental contaminant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
chloral hydrate
[no description available]		2.0510aldehyde hydrate;
ethanediol;
organochlorine compound		general anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
sedative;
xenobiotic
chlorambucil
Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.		7.36141aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
chlorcyclizine
chlorcyclizine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); CHLOROCYCLIZINE & HISTACHLORAZINE were see CHLORCYCLIZINE 1977-94; use PIPERAZINES to search CHLORCYCLIZINE 1966-94; histamine H1-blocker used both orally and topically in allergies and also for the prevention of motion sickness		3.2310diarylmethane
chlordiazepoxide
Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.		9.5270benzodiazepine
chlormezanone
Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions.		4.07401,3-thiazine;
lactam;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfone		antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
muscle relaxant
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.6780aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.		3.2310benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
chloroxylenol
chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.		2.0510monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
molluscicide
chlorpheniramine
Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.		4.5570monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidepressant;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		11.33111organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide
Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.		4.87100monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone
Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.		4.2650isoindoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfonamide
chlorzoxazone
Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		4.42601,3-benzoxazoles;
heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
organochlorine compound		muscle relaxant;
sedative
cifenline
[no description available]		2.9740diarylmethane
ciclopirox
[no description available]		2.9640cyclic hydroxamic acid;
hydroxypyridone antifungal drug;
pyridone		antibacterial agent;
antiseborrheic
ciglitazone
ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.		2.7630aromatic ether;
thiazolidinone		antineoplastic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug
cilostazol
[no description available]		3.6120lactam;
tetrazoles		anticoagulant;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
fibrin modulating drug;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cimetidine
Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.		6.4121aliphatic sulfide;
guanidines;
imidazoles;
nitrile		adjuvant;
analgesic;
anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
cinoxacin
Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.		2.4420cinnolines;
oxacycle;
oxo carboxylic acid		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
ciprofibrate
[no description available]		2.9840cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		5.03120aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
cisapride
Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.		2.9640benzamides
citalopram
Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.		4.66802-benzofurans;
cyclic ether;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound
clioquinol
Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		2.4720monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
organoiodine compound		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
chelator;
copper chelator
clobazam
Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.		2.74301,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clofazimine
Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.		2.7430monochlorobenzenes;
phenazines		dye;
leprostatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate
angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate		4.6680aromatic ether;
ethyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
clomiphene
[no description available]		4.0940tertiary amineestrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine
Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.		4.4160dibenzoazepineanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam
Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.		5.77611,4-benzodiazepinone;
monochlorobenzenes		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		4.5470clonidine;
imidazoline
4-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide
[no description available]		2.0810sulfonamide
chlorazepate
clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.		3.84301,4-benzodiazepinoneanticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
prodrug
clotiazepam
clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines		2.0510organic molecular entity
clotrimazole
[no description available]		4.4360conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes		antiinfective agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cromolyn
cromoglycic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer.		2.4620chromones;
dicarboxylic acid		anti-asthmatic drug;
calcium channel blocker
cyclandelate
Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.		2.0510carboxylic ester;
secondary alcohol		vasodilator agent
cyclobenzaprine
cyclobenzaprine: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lisseril is synonymous for HCl; structure. cyclobenzaprine : 5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		3.5620carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant;
muscle relaxant;
tranquilizing drug
cyclofenil
Cyclofenil: A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.		3.5920organic molecular entity
cycloleucine
Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.		2.0110non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidEC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cyclothiazide
cyclothiazide: inhibits the desensitization of AMPA-type receptors; structure. cyclothiazide : 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted at positions 3, 5 and 6 by a 2-norbornen-5-yl group, chlorine, and a sulfonamide group, respectively. A thiazide diuretic, it has been used in the management of hypertension and oedema.		2.0110benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
cyproheptadine
Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.		3.5920piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
gastrointestinal drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
danthron
danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.		2.0510dihydroxyanthraquinoneapoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
dapsone
[no description available]		4.6680substituted aniline;
sulfone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
leprostatic drug
debrisoquin
Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.		6.9710carboxamidine;
isoquinolines		adrenergic agent;
antihypertensive agent;
human metabolite;
sympatholytic agent
deferoxamine
Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.		4.140acyclic desferrioxaminebacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator;
siderophore
desipramine
Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.		4.7790dibenzoazepine;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug allergen;
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nordazepam
Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.		2.04101,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
human metabolite;
sedative
amphetamine
Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.		3.8630primary amine
eflornithine
Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.		2.0510alpha-amino acid;
fluoroamino acid		trypanocidal drug
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		5.061301,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
diazoxide
Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.		4.4160benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
diuretic;
K-ATP channel agonist;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasodilator agent
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		4.7690amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ddt
1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source		2.0510benzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant
dichlorphenamide
Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.		3.2310dichlorobenzene;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
ophthalmology drug
dicyclomine
Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.		3.2310carboxylic ester;
tertiary amine		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
diethylcarbamazine
Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.		2.4620N-carbamoylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		3.5220pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
diflunisal
Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.		4.460monohydroxybenzoic acid;
organofluorine compound		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dimercaprol
Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.		3.8630dithiol;
primary alcohol		chelator
dimethadione
Dimethadione: An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of TRIMETHADIONE.		2.0110oxazolidinone
dimethoate
Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.. dimethoate : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.		4.0631monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic thiophosphate		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
xenobiotic
diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.		5.9271ether;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
antitussive;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
oneirogen;
sedative
dipivefrin
dipivefrin: used in treatment of both primary & open angle glaucoma; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer. dipivefrin : The dipivalate ester of (+-)-epinephrine (racepinephrine). A pro-drug of epinephrine, the hydrochloride is used topically as eye drops to reduce intra-ocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.		2.0210ethanolamines;
pivalate ester		adrenergic agonist;
antiglaucoma drug;
ophthalmology drug;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		4.2750piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
disopyramide
Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.		4.5470monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram
[no description available]		4.6380organic disulfide;
organosulfur acaricide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
fungicide;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		5.6130branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
domperidone
Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.		2.9740benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil
Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.		4.0940aromatic ether;
indanones;
piperidines;
racemate		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
doxapram
Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.		3.8630morpholines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones		central nervous system stimulant
doxazosin
Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.		3.8430aromatic amine;
benzodioxine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
vasodilator agent
doxepin
Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.		4.4160dibenzooxepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
doxylamine
Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.		3.2310pyridines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antitussive;
cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
sedative
droperidol
Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.		3.8530aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound		anaesthesia adjuvant;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
dyphylline
Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.		3.8630oxopurine;
propane-1,2-diols		bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
ebastine
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
econazole
Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.		2.4420dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
edrophonium
Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.		3.2310phenols;
quaternary ammonium ion		antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
enflurane
Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.		2.4420ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		anaesthetic
enoxacin
Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.		2.96401,8-naphthyridine derivative;
amino acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
estazolam
Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.		3.8530triazoles;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
etanidazole
Etanidazole: A nitroimidazole that sensitizes hypoxic tumor cells that are normally resistant to radiation therapy.. etanidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine. Used as a radiosensitising agent for hypoxic tumour cells.		9.0631C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent
ethacrynic acid
Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.		4.4360aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
loop diuretic
ethosuximide
Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.		4.2550dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone		anticonvulsant;
geroprotector;
T-type calcium channel blocker
ethotoin
ethotoin: was heading 1966-94 (see under HYDANTOINS 1966-90); use HYDANTOINS to search ETHOTOIN 1966-94. ethotoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by ethyl and phenyl at positions 3 and 5, respectively. An antiepileptic, it is less toxic than phenytoin but also less effective.		3.5520imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
ethoxzolamide
Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.		2.0510aromatic ether;
benzothiazoles;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
etidronate
Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.		3.85301,1-bis(phosphonic acid)antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
etilefrine
Etilefrine: A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent.		2.7430phenols
etodolac
Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.		4.2650monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
brl 42810
[no description available]		4.08402-aminopurines;
acetate ester		antiviral drug;
prodrug
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone
Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.		2.4620aromatic ether;
hydrazone;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound		ATP synthase inhibitor;
geroprotector;
ionophore
felbamate
Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.		4.5370carbamate esteranticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent
4-biphenylylacetic acid
biphenyl-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is substituted by a biphenyl-4-yl group. An active metabolite of fenbufen, it is used as a topical medicine to treat muscle inflammation and arthritis.		2.0810biphenyls;
monocarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
felodipine
Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.		4.6580dichlorobenzene;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
fenfluramine
Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.		2.0210(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
secondary amino compound		appetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
fenofibrate
Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE		5.1980aromatic ether;
chlorobenzophenone;
isopropyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
fenoldopam
Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.		3.2310benzazepinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
dopamine agonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
fenoprofen
Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.		3.8930monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
berotek
Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.		2.0410resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
fenspiride
fenspiride: was heading 1975-94 (see under SPIRO COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SPIRO COMPOUNDS to search FENSPIRIDE 1975-94; bronchodilator agent used in asthma		2.4520azaspiro compound
fentanyl
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		2.9540anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
fexofenadine
fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.		4.0740piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
fipexide
fipexide: regulates dopaminergic systems at macromolecular level		4.2850benzodioxoles
flavoxate
Flavoxate: A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.. flavoxate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol.		3.5920carboxylic ester;
flavones;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
flecainide
Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		4.460aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug
fleroxacin
Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.		2.9740difluorobenzene;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
quinolines		antibacterial drug;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fluconazole
Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.		4.93110conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		environmental contaminant;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
flucytosine
Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.		4.94110aminopyrimidine;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine antifungal drug;
pyrimidone		prodrug
flufenamic acid
Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.		2.7530aromatic amino acid;
organofluorine compound		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine
[no description available]		3.5620N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		anticoronaviral agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil
Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.		4.7690ethyl ester;
imidazobenzodiazepine;
organofluorine compound		antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning;
GABA antagonist
flunitrazepam
Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.		2.45201,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound;
monofluorobenzenes		anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
fluorescite
fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.		3.8730benzoic acids;
cyclic ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
phenols;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		14.8911825nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
fluoxetine
Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.		4.6780(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound
fluphenazine depot
fluphenazine decanoate : The prodrug of fluphenazine, an antipsychotic drug used for the symptomatic management of psychosis in patients with schizophrenia.		2.0210decanoate ester;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
prodrug
fluphenazine enanthate
[no description available]		2.0210phenothiazines
flurazepam
Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.		3.23101,4-benzodiazepinone;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.		4.6780fluorobiphenyl;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluspirilene
Fluspirilene: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.		2.4620diarylmethane
flutamide
Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.		4.7590(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
fomepizole
Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.		3.5920pyrazolesantidote;
EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
protective agent
foscarnet
Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		4.5470carboxylic acid;
one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		6.4121chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
gabapentin
Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.		4.6580gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
gemfibrozil
[no description available]		4.5470aromatic etherantilipemic drug
glafenine
Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.		4.2650aminoquinoline;
carboxylic ester;
glycol;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide
Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.		2.9840N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
radical scavenger
glimepiride
glimepiride: structure given in first source		4.86100sulfonamide
glipizide
Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		4.4160aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-sulfonylurea;
pyrazines		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
glutethimide
Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.		2.9640piperidines
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		4.5470monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (1,1-dimethyl-3-pyrrolidin-1-iumyl) ester
[no description available]		3.2310benzenes
gossypol
Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.		2.0510
granisetron
[no description available]		4.2550aromatic amide;
indazoles
guaiazulene
guaiazulene: structure		2.0510sesquiterpene
guaifenesin
Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.		3.2310methoxybenzenes
guanethidine
Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.		3.8930azocanes;
guanidines		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
sympatholytic agent
guanfacine
Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.		4.4160acetamides
guanidine
Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.		3.2310carboxamidine;
guanidines;
one-carbon compound
guvacine
guvacine: RN given refers to parent cpd. guvacine : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid which has been hydrogenated at the 1-2 and 5-6 positions of the pyridine ring.		2.0110alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
beta-amino acid;
pyridine alkaloid;
secondary amino compound;
tetrahydropyridine		GABA reuptake inhibitor;
plant metabolite
fasudil
fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.		2.0510isoquinolines;
N-sulfonyldiazepane		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
nootropic agent;
vasodilator agent
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		4.7790aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
halothane
[no description available]		2.4420haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		inhalation anaesthetic
hexachlorophene
Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.		2.7530bridged diphenyl fungicide;
polyphenol;
trichlorobenzene		acaricide;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
miltefosine
miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.		2.0510phosphocholines;
phospholipid		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
apoptosis inducer;
immunomodulator;
protein kinase inhibitor
hexestrol
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
hexetidine
Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)		2.0510organic heteromonocyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hexobarbital
Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.		2.7430barbiturates
hycanthone
Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.		2.6930thioxanthenesmutagen;
schistosomicide drug
hydralazine
Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		4.0840azaarene;
hydrazines;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
phthalazines		antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		4.4160benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide
Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.		4.0840benzothiadiazine;
thiazide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.		3.5820aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		12.5161one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.		4.2650hydroxyether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antipruritic drug;
anxiolytic drug;
dermatologic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
hypericin
[no description available]		2.0410
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		4.86100monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
phenelzine
Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.		4.2550primary amine
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		4.5570benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
alverine
alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.		2.0510tertiary amineantispasmodic drug
idebenone
[no description available]		2.05101,4-benzoquinones;
primary alcohol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		4.5670dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone
Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.		4.6680bipyridinesEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indapamide
Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.		4.0840indoles;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		6.02130aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
indoprofen
Indoprofen: A drug that has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Following reports of adverse reactions including reports of carcinogenicity in animal studies it was withdrawn from the market worldwide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p21). indoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(1-oxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)phenyl group. Initially used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic, it was withdrawn from the market due to causing severe gastrointestinal bleeding. It has been subsequently found to increase production of the survival motor neuron protein.		2.1310gamma-lactam;
isoindoles;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
iodixanol
iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.		2.0210organoiodine compoundradioopaque medium
iohexol
Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.		2.9640benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iopromide
iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.		2.7330dicarboxylic acid diamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
nephrotoxic agent;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iothalamic acid
Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.		2.0410organic molecular entity
iodipamide
Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.		2.0510benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound;
secondary carboxamide		radioopaque medium
ioversol
[no description available]		3.5620amidobenzoic acid
iproniazid
[no description available]		4.6780carbohydrazide;
pyridines
avapro
Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.		4.4260azaspiro compound;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
isocarboxazid
Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)		4.0840benzenes
isoflurane
Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.		2.4420organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		4.7790carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
2-propanol
2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.0510secondary alcohol;
secondary fatty alcohol		protic solvent
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		4.2750catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine
Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.		3.5920alkylbenzene
isradipine
Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.		4.4160benzoxadiazole;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester
itraconazole
[no description available]		4.5470piperazines
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		4.460cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
ketanserin
Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.		3.1550aromatic ketone;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
cardiovascular drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		11.1491dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen
Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.		4.6580benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ketorolac
Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.		4.5470amino acid;
aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrrolizines;
racemate		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ketotifen
Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.		2.4620cyclic ketone;
olefinic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
khellin
Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.		2.0510furanochromone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle		anti-asthmatic agent;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
labetalol
Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.		4.7790benzamides;
benzenes;
phenols;
primary carboxamide;
salicylamides;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
lamotrigine
[no description available]		4.4601,2,4-triazines;
dichlorobenzene;
primary arylamine		anticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
antimanic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
xenobiotic
lansoprazole
Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.		4.5470benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
beta-lapachone
beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.		2.0510benzochromenone;
orthoquinones		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
leflunomide
Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.		4.5670(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole
[no description available]		4.2650nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
tetramisole
6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole : An imidazothiazole that is imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole in which the double bonds at the 2-3 and 5-6 positions have been reduced to single bonds and in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is replaced by a phenyl group.. tetramisole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levamisole and dexamisole.		2.1310imidazothiazoleenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
lofepramine
Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.		2.4720aromatic ketone;
dibenzoazepine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
lomefloxacin
lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.		3.5620fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
photosensitizing agent
lomustine
[no description available]		16.89299N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
loperamide
Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.		3.5920monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperidines;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine
Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.		3.8530benzocycloheptapyridine;
ethyl ester;
N-acylpiperidine;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist
lorazepam
Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.		4.2250benzodiazepine
losartan
Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position		4.6580biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
loxapine
Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA.		3.5620dibenzooxazepineantipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
malathion
Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.		2.0510diester;
ethyl ester;
organic thiophosphate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source		2.0510isopropyl ester
maprotiline
Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.		4.6780anthracenes
mazindol
Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.		2.0510organic molecular entity
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		4.86100aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
mecamylamine
Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.		3.2310primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine
nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.		7.88142nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent
meclizine
Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.		3.8730diarylmethane
meclofenamic acid
Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		3.5620aminobenzoic acid;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
meclofenamate sodium anhydrous
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
meclofenoxate
Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid
mefenamic acid
Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.4160aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
mefloquine hydrochloride
[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol : An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4.		2.0210organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinolines;
secondary alcohol
memantine
[no description available]		3.8630adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		antidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3
Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.		2.75301,4-naphthoquinones;
vitamin K		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite;
nutraceutical
mepenzolate
mepenzolic acid: anticholinergic, antispasmodic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.2310diarylmethane
meperidine
Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.		4.0840ethyl ester;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
mephenytoin
Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.		3.8430imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
mepivacaine
Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.		3.8630piperidinecarboxamidedrug allergen;
local anaesthetic
meprobamate
Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)		4.2650organic molecular entity
mesalamine
Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.		4.0640amino acid;
aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
phenols		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mesoridazine
Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.		3.2310phenothiazines;
sulfoxide;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
metaproterenol
Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.		3.8930aralkylamino compound;
phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		4.7690guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
methadone
Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.		4.3860benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound
methapyrilene
Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.		2.7430ethylenediamine derivativeanti-allergic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative
metharbital
metharbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ENDIEMAL, METHARBITONE, & METHOBARBITONE were see METHARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search METHARBITAL 1976-94; long-acting barbiturate that is demethylated to barbital in the liver; has broad-spectrum anticonvulsant action, but used mainly to treat myoclonic spasms in infants		2.0110organic molecular entity
methazolamide
Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.		3.2310sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles
methocarbamol
Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.		3.2310aromatic ether;
carbamate ester;
secondary alcohol
methoxsalen
Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.		3.5920aromatic ether;
psoralens		antineoplastic agent;
cross-linking reagent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
methoxyflurane
Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.		2.0510ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		hepatotoxic agent;
inhalation anaesthetic;
nephrotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic
methyclothiazide
Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)		3.2310benzothiadiazine
nocodazole
[no description available]		2.4620aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
thiophenes		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
methyl salicylate
methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.		2.0510benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
salicylates		flavouring agent;
insect attractant;
metabolite
methylphenidate
Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.		4.4160beta-amino acid ester;
methyl ester;
piperidines
methyprylon
methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94		2.0510organic molecular entity
metoclopramide
Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.		7.28123benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
gastrointestinal drug;
xenobiotic
metolazone
Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.		4.4160organochlorine compound;
quinazolines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol
Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.		4.7790aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		4.86100C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
metyrapone
Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.		4.2350aromatic ketoneantimetabolite;
diagnostic agent;
EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine
Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.		4.5570aromatic ether;
primary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin
Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.		2.7530dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine agonist;
sedative;
serotonergic antagonist
miconazole
Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		2.7530dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
midazolam
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.		5.1780imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
midodrine
Midodrine: An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. midodrine : An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine.		3.5620amino acid amide;
aromatic ether;
secondary alcohol		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
milrinone
[no description available]		4.0840bipyridines;
nitrile;
pyridone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
minoxidil
Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.		4.2650dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine
Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.		4.5470benzazepine;
tetracyclic antidepressant		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
oneirogen;
serotonergic antagonist
mitotane
Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.		3.8630diarylmethane
mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.		14.358637dihydroxyanthraquinoneanalgesic;
antineoplastic agent
moclobemide
Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.		3.1450benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
morpholines		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
modafinil
Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.		3.5920monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfoxide
moxisylyte
Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)		3.8730monoterpenoid
deet
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.		2.0510benzamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide		environmental contaminant;
insect repellent;
xenobiotic
acecainide
Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.		2.9640acetamides;
benzamides		anti-arrhythmia drug
deoxyepinephrine
Deoxyepinephrine: Sympathomimetic, vasoconstrictor agent.		2.0110catecholamine
nabumetone
Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		3.8530methoxynaphthalene;
methyl ketone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
nadolol
[no description available]		3.6120tetralins
nalidixic acid
[no description available]		4.27501,8-naphthyridine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
naratriptan
naratriptan: structure given in first source		4.0840heteroarylpiperidine;
sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone
nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct		4.95110aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazoles		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam
Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.		2.4620benzoxazocine;
tertiary amino compound
neostigmine
Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		2.0810quaternary ammonium ionantidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		4.7790cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide
Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.		3.8730organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
nicardipine
Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.		4.5370benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound
niceritrol
Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions.		2.0510organic molecular entity
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		5.02120C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
niflumic acid
Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.		2.0510aromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridines
nilutamide
[no description available]		3.8530(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
imidazolidinone		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
nimesulide
nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.		4.5670aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimetazepam
nimetazepam : A nitrazepam which is substituted at positions 1 by a methyl group. It is used as an anticonvulsant and as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia.		2.01101,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound		anticonvulsant;
antispasmodic drug;
GABA modulator;
sedative
nimodipine
Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.		4.851002-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
nipecotic acid
nipecotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. nipecotic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is piperidine in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.		2.0110beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
nisoldipine
Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.		4.85100C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
nitrazepam
Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).		3.3601,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound		anticonvulsant;
antispasmodic drug;
drug metabolite;
GABA modulator;
sedative
nitrendipine
Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.		3.1450C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.		3.5920nitroglycerolexplosive;
muscle relaxant;
nitric oxide donor;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
nizatidine
[no description available]		4.54701,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound;
carboxamidine;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
cholinergic drug;
H2-receptor antagonist
nomifensine
Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.		4.6780isoquinolinesdopamine uptake inhibitor
masoprocol
nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)		2.7330catechols;
lignan;
tetrol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite
norfloxacin
Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.		4.0840fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
nortriptyline
Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.		4.7790organic tricyclic compound;
secondary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite
o(6)-benzylguanine
O(6)-benzylguanine: a suicide inhibitor of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity		2.0110
ofloxacin
Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.		4.55703-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole
Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.		4.6680aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
ondansetron
Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.		12.62134carbazoles
orphenadrine
Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.		4.0340ether;
tertiary amino compound		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
oxonic acid
Oxonic Acid: Antagonist of urate oxidase.		3.21101,3,5-triazines;
monocarboxylic acid
oxamniquine
Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively.		2.0510aromatic primary alcohol;
C-nitro compound;
quinolines;
secondary amino compound
oxaprozin
Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.41601,3-oxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxazepam
Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.		9.38601,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
oxethazaine
[no description available]		2.0510amino acid amide
oxibendazole
oxibendazole: structure		2.4620benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester
oxiracetam
oxiracetam: structure in first source		2.4520organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
oxprenolol
Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.		2.0510aromatic ether
oxybenzone
oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.		2.0510hydroxybenzophenone;
monomethoxybenzene		dermatologic drug;
environmental contaminant;
protective agent;
ultraviolet filter;
xenobiotic
oxybutynin
oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		4.2850acetylenic compound;
carboxylic ester;
racemate;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
parasympatholytic
oxyphenbutazone
Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		2.0510phenols;
pyrazolidines		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
drug metabolite;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite
aminosalicylic acid
Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.		4.4360aminobenzoic acid;
phenols		antitubercular agent
pamidronate
[no description available]		5.0570phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole
Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.		4.2650aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
papaverine
Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.		4.2650benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines		antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
4-dichlorobenzene
dichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4.		2.4620dichlorobenzeneinsecticide
pargyline
Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.		2.4620aromatic amine
pemoline
Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.		4.54701,3-oxazolescentral nervous system stimulant
pentamidine
Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.		4.0740aromatic ether;
carboxamidine;
diether		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
calmodulin antagonist;
chemokine receptor 5 antagonist;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug;
xenobiotic
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		3.8630barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline
[no description available]		9.5470oxopurine
perazine
Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position.		2.0510N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
perhexiline
Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.		4.2850piperidinescardiovascular drug
perphenazine
Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.		4.4160N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacemide
phenacemide: anti-epileptic drug; structure		2.0110acetamides
phenacetin
Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione		3.1550acetamides;
aromatic ether		cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		6.69171barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
phenolphthalein
Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.		2.0510phenols
phenoxybenzamine
Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.		4.140aromatic amine
phentermine
Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.		3.5920primary amineadrenergic agent;
appetite depressant;
central nervous system drug;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopaminergic agent;
sympathomimetic agent
4-phenylbutyric acid
4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.		3.2310monocarboxylic acidantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
prodrug
phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.		2.7530pyrazolidinesantirheumatic drug;
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
moxonidine
moxonidine: structure given in first source		2.9640organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
pimobendan
pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source		2.0410benzimidazoles;
pyridazinone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
pinacidil
Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)		2.7530pyridines
pindolol
Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.		4.6680indoles;
secondary amine		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
pioglitazone
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		4.4360aromatic ether;
pyridines;
thiazolidinediones		antidepressant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
PPARgamma agonist;
xenobiotic
pipemidic acid
Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.		2.0510amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyridopyrimidine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
piperazine
[no description available]		2.0510azacycloalkane;
piperazines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		anthelminthic drug
pipobroman
Pipobroman: An antineoplastic agent that acts by alkylation.. pipobroman : An N-acylpiperazine that is piperazine in which each of the nitrogens has been acylated by a 3-bromopropionoyl group. An anti-cancer drug.		2.0510N-acylpiperazine;
organobromine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
piracetam
Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.		7.9340organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
pirbuterol
pirbuterol: structure		2.0210pyridines
piretanide
piretanide: potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure		2.4520aromatic ether
piribedil
Piribedil: A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist.		2.0810N-arylpiperazine
polythiazide
[no description available]		3.2310benzothiadiazine
practolol
Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		2.4620acetamides;
ethanolamines;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
duodote
duodote: consists of atropine and pralidoxime chloride; for treating those exposed to organophosphorus-containing nerve agents		3.2310pyridinium ionantidote to organophosphate poisoning;
antidote to sarin poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
cholinesterase reactivator
ono 1078
pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		2.0810chromones
pyranoprofen
pyranoprofen: RN given refers to unlabled parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0810pyridochromene
prazepam
Prazepam: A benzodiazepine that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.		2.0210benzodiazepine
praziquantel
azinox: Russian drug		4.5570isoquinolines
prazosin
Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.		4.5470aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
prilocaine
Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		2.0410amino acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide		anticonvulsant;
local anaesthetic
primaquine
Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.		4.4360aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
N-substituted diamine		antimalarial
primidone
Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.		4.7690pyrimidoneanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
proadifen
Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.		1.9810diarylmethane
probenecid
Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.		4.7690benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		uricosuric drug
probucol
Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.		2.7530dithioketal;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug
procainamide
Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		4.5470benzamidesanti-arrhythmia drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker
procarbazine
Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		11.564715benzamides;
hydrazines		antineoplastic agent
prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.		4.0840N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antiemetic;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine
Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.		4.2750pyrrolidines;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist
promazine
Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.		2.0410phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
promethazine
Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.		4.2650phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
propafenone
Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.		4.0740aromatic ketone;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
propantheline
Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.		9.9221xanthenes
propidium
Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.		2.0310phenanthridines;
quaternary ammonium ion		fluorochrome;
intercalator
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.		4.5270phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		4.87100naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
protriptyline
Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.		3.2310carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant
pyridinolcarbamate
Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408)		2.0510pyridines
pyridostigmine
[no description available]		4.0840pyridinium ion
pyrimethamine
Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds		4.460aminopyrimidine;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
sch 16134
quazepam: structure given in first source		3.5620benzodiazepine
quetiapine
[no description available]		3.2310dibenzothiazepine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
rabeprazole
Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.		4.0840benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
raloxifene
raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.		3.86301-benzothiophenes;
aromatic ketone;
N-oxyethylpiperidine;
phenols		bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
ranitidine
[no description available]		3.6690aralkylamine
opc 12759
rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase		2.0510secondary carboxamide
riluzole
Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.		4.5370benzothiazoles
rimantadine
Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.		3.5620alkylamine
risperidone
Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.		4.76901,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan
rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate		3.8530tryptaminesanti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
rofecoxib
[no description available]		2.4720butenolide;
sulfone		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ropinirole
[no description available]		3.2310indolones;
tertiary amine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
dopamine agonist
salicylamide
salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source		2.0510phenols;
salicylamides		antirheumatic drug;
non-narcotic analgesic
salmeterol xinafoate
salmeterol : A racemate consisting of equal parts of (R)- and (S)-salmeterol. It is a potent and selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (EC50 = 5.3 nM). Unlike other beta2 agonists, it binds to the exo-site domain of beta2 receptors, producing a slow onset of action and prolonged activation.. 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A phenol having a hydroxymethyl group at C-2 and a 1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl group at C-4; derivative of phenylethanolamine.		2.0210ether;
phenols;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
salicylsalicylic acid
salicylsalicylic acid: structure. salsalate : A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.		3.2310benzoate ester;
benzoic acids;
phenols;
salicylates		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
secobarbital
Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups.		3.2310barbituratesanaesthesia adjuvant;
GABA modulator;
sedative
carbamylhydrazine
carbamylhydrazine: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9910carbohydrazide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound;
ureas
semustine
Semustine: 4-Methyl derivative of LOMUSTINE; (CCNU). An antineoplastic agent which functions as an alkylating agent.. semustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-methylcyclohexyl group.		5.3641N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent
sevoflurane
Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.		2.4420ether;
organofluorine compound		central nervous system depressant;
inhalation anaesthetic;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
sibutramine
sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride		3.5920organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-obesity agent;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
sulfadiazine
Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.		4.5470pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
coccidiostat;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sodium fluoride
[no description available]		1.9810fluoride saltmutagen
risedronic acid
Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.		4.0840pyridines
sotalol
Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		4.5470ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
sulfonamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt
sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.		2.0510organic sodium saltEC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
orphan drug;
prodrug
imatinib
[no description available]		4.2650aromatic amine;
benzamides;
N-methylpiperazine;
pyridines;
pyrimidines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
vorinostat
Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).		6.7361dicarboxylic acid diamide;
hydroxamic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylcholine
Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.		3.5920quaternary ammonium ion;
succinate ester		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
sulconazole
sulconazole: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure given in first source. sulconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sulconazole. An antifungal agent with activity against Candida species, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-[(4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanyl]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}-1H-imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a (4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanediyl group while a second is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group.		2.0210dichlorobenzene;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
organic sulfide
sulfabenzamide
sulfabenzamide : A sulfonamide containing a benzamido substituent on nitrogen. An antibacterial/antimicrobial, it is often used in conjunction with sulfathiazole and sulfacetamide as a topical, intravaginal antibacterial preparation.		2.4620benzenes;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial drug
sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.		2.0510aromatic ether;
pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfamerazine
[no description available]		2.0510pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen
sulfameter
Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.0510pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
leprostatic drug;
renal agent
sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.0510pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ligand;
xenobiotic
sulfamethizole
Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.		4.0840sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		3.4570isoxazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
epitope;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
sulfanilamide
[no description available]		2.9640substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfanitran
[no description available]		2.0810sulfonamide
sulfaphenazole
Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.		2.0510primary amino compound;
pyrazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
sulfapyridine
Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.0510pyridines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
dermatologic drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.		4.5470
sulfathiazole
Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		3.59201,3-thiazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone
Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.		3.360pyrazolidines;
sulfoxide		uricosuric drug
sulfisoxazole
Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		2.9740isoxazoles;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
sulfobromophthalein
Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.		2.05102-benzofurans;
organobromine compound;
organosulfonic acid;
phenols		dye
2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol
[no description available]		3.8730alkylbenzene
sulpiride
Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.		2.7430benzamides;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfonamide		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
sulthiame
sulthiame: was heading 1964-94 (see under THIAZINES 1964-90); use THIAZINES to search SULTHIAME 1966-94		2.0110organic molecular entity
sumatriptan
Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.		4.6680sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen
Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.		3.1450aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antirheumatic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		2.9640naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
gatifloxacin
Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.		3.4470N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tazarotene
tazarotene: a topical acetylenic retinoid; a topical kerytolytic. tazarotene : The ethyl ester of tazarotenic acid. A prodrug for tazarotenic acid, it is used for the treatment of psoriasis, acne, and sun-damaged skin.		2.4520acetylenic compound;
ethyl ester;
pyridines;
retinoid;
thiochromane		keratolytic drug;
prodrug;
teratogenic agent
tegafur
[no description available]		7.3882organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
telenzepine
telenzepine: structure given in first source		2.0510benzodiazepine
temazepam
Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.		3.8530benzodiazepine
temozolomide
[no description available]		7.71183imidazotetrazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
triazene derivative		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
terazosin
Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia		4.4160furans;
piperazines;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
terbutaline
Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		4.4160phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
terfenadine
Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.		3.1550diarylmethane
tetracaine
Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.		2.0510benzoate ester;
tertiary amino compound		local anaesthetic
tetraethylammonium
Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)		2.0310quaternary ammonium ion
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		11.35156phthalimides;
piperidones
thiabendazole
Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate		3.59201,3-thiazoles;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug
thioridazine
Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.		3.8530phenothiazines;
piperidines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa
Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).		13.643715aziridines
tiapride
[no description available]		2.0810benzamides
tiaprofenic acid
tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.		2.0510aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		drug allergen;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		4.4160monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tilorone
Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.. tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug.		2.3920aromatic ether;
diether;
fluoren-9-ones;
tertiary amino compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
interferon inducer;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
tinidazole
Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.		4.2650imidazolesantiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
tioconazole
tioconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tioconazole.. 1-{2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that comprises 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethylimidazole carrying an additional (2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy substituent at position 2.		2.0210dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
thiophenes
tiopronin
Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.		3.8530N-acyl-amino acid
tizanidine
tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.		4.5470benzothiadiazole;
imidazoles		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
muscle relaxant
nikethamide
Nikethamide: A central nervous system stimulant. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1229)		2.0810pyridinecarboxamide
tolazamide
Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		4.0840N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
potassium channel blocker
tolbutamide
Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.		4.87100N-sulfonylureahuman metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
potassium channel blocker
tolmetin
Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.		3.8630aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrroles		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tolnaftate
[no description available]		2.0810monothiocarbamic esterantifungal drug
tolperisone
Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)		2.0510aromatic ketone
ultram
2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.		4.460aromatic ether;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid
Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.		4.0840amino acid
trazodone
Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.		4.6780monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazolopyridine		adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
triamterene
Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.		4.0840pteridinesdiuretic;
sodium channel blocker
triazolam
Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.		4.2550triazolobenzodiazepinesedative
triclosan
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
fungicide;
persistent organic pollutant;
xenobiotic
trientine
Trientine: An ethylenediamine derivative used as stabilizer for EPOXY RESINS, as ampholyte for ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING and as chelating agent for copper in HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION.. TETA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 8 and 11 of a fouteen-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.. 2,2,2-tetramine : A polyazaalkane that is decane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogens.		2.0210polyazaalkane;
tetramine		copper chelator
trifluoperazine
[no description available]		9.4260N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
calmodulin antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
triflupromazine
Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.		2.0510organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
trihexyphenidyl
Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.		3.2310amine
trimethadione
Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.		4.5370oxazolidinoneanticonvulsant;
geroprotector
trimethobenzamide
trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.		3.2310benzamides;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		4.6680aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trimetrexate
Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.		4.7450
trimipramine
Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.		3.8430dibenzoazepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
troglitazone
Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.		4.5670chromanes;
thiazolidinone		anticoagulant;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
thenoyltrifluoroacetone
Thenoyltrifluoroacetone: Chelating agent and inhibitor of cellular respiration.		2.0810
tyramine
[no description available]		3.2310monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
delavirdine
Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		3.2310aminopyridine;
indolecarboxamide;
N-acylpiperazine;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
undecylenic acid
undecylenic acid: a fatty acid with a terminal double bond. 10-undecenoic acid : An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 10-position. It is derived from castor oil and is used for the treatment of skin problems.. undecenoic acid : A C11, straight-chain fatty acid carrying a C=C double bond at any position.		2.0810undecenoic acidantifungal drug;
plant metabolite
urapidil
[no description available]		2.7530piperazines
venlafaxine
venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.		4.6680cyclohexanols;
monomethoxybenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
xenobiotic
vesnarinone
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
vigabatrin
[no description available]		4.0740gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
viloxazine
Viloxazine: A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE.		2.0410aromatic ether
pirinixic acid
pirinixic acid: structure		2.4720aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrimidines
xylazine
Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.. xylazine : A methyl benzene that is 1,3-dimethylbenzene which is substituted by a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-ylnitrilo group at position 2. It is an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist and frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties.		1.98101,3-thiazine;
methylbenzene;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
emetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
ici 204,219
zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		4.6780carbamate ester;
indoles;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		anti-asthmatic agent;
leukotriene antagonist
zaleplon
zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.		4.2650nitrile;
pyrazolopyrimidine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
central nervous system depressant;
sedative
zolpidem
Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.		4.6580imidazopyridinecentral nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
sedative
zomepirac
zomepirac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.7330aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrroles		cardiovascular drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
zonisamide
Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.		3.85301,2-benzoxazoles;
sulfonamide		anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
central nervous system drug;
protective agent;
T-type calcium channel blocker
zopiclone
zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.		2.9740monochloropyridine;
pyrrolopyrazine		central nervous system depressant;
sedative
guanidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510one-carbon compound;
organic chloride salt		protein denaturant
hydrocortisone acetate
hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0510cortisol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cortisone acetate
Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders.		3.5920corticosteroid hormone
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		17.2914355mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
oxyphenonium
Oxyphenonium: A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of ATROPINE. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and to relieve visceral spasms. The drug has also been used in the form of eye drops for mydriatic effect.		2.4620acylcholine
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		14.55862811beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
estriol
hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.		2.462016alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		estrogen;
human metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		3.8730alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
cephaloridine
Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.		2.9740beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
phentolamine
Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.		4.140imidazoles;
phenols;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		4.0840glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
thymidine
[no description available]		4.1750pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
floxuridine
Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.		4.570nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide
[no description available]		2.0510benzodioxolespesticide synergist
bromouracil
Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.		2.0510nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidines		mutagen
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid
tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.		2.0510
isoproterenol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620catechols
hydroxyproline
Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.		1.98104-hydroxyproline;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
histamine dihydrochloride
Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride.		2.0510
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		4.05402-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
dextroamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.		3.59201-phenylpropan-2-amineadrenergic agent;
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
dopaminergic agent;
neurotoxin;
sympathomimetic agent
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		2.9640ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
norethindrone acetate
norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.		2.05103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
spironolactone
Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.		4.41603-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid lactone;
thioester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cyclobarbital
cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative		2.0510barbiturates
allobarbital
allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects		2.0510barbiturates
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		4.3760non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
trichlorfon
Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0510organic phosphonate;
organochlorine compound;
phosphonic ester		agrochemical;
anthelminthic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
cysteine
[no description available]		3.2310cysteine zwitterion;
cysteine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		17.451354411-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
estrone
Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.		4.084017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
oxandrolone
Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.		3.873017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
oxa-steroid		anabolic agent;
androgen
dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.		2.051017-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
promazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochloride
nad
[no description available]		2.0510NADgeroprotector
2-acetylaminofluorene
2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.		2.46202-acetamidofluorenesantimitotic;
carcinogenic agent;
epitope;
mutagen
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		4.0840penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
idoxuridine
[no description available]		2.4620organoiodine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
metaraminol
Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.		2.0110phenylethanolaminesalpha-adrenergic agonist;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
pilocarpine
Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.		4.2550pilocarpineantiglaucoma drug
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		4.4602-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
isonicotinic acid
isonicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is at position 4 of the pyridine ring.		2.0510pyridinemonocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
human metabolite
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		2.7630chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		3.0610alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		4.4111L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone acetate
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate: The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone.		2.0110corticosteroid hormone
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		4.5570C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		3.0610aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		5.2131amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		9.5840aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cetrimonium bromide
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.		2.0510organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		detergent;
surfactant
vincristine
[no description available]		4.4160acetate ester;
formamides;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
physostigmine
Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.		4.460carbamate ester;
indole alkaloid		antidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		2.0510glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		3.155017-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
testosterone propionate
Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.		2.4420steroid ester
tubocurarine
Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.		2.0810bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloiddrug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.		2.3720ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes		carcinogenic agent
apomorphine
Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.		4.0840aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug
aminopyrine
Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.		2.0510pyrazolone;
tertiary amino compound		antipyretic;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
methyltestosterone
Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.		4.313017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
enone		anabolic agent;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent
promethazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideanti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
tetrabenazine
9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.		3.5920benzoquinolizine;
cyclic ketone;
tertiary amino compound
cephalothin
Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.		2.4520azabicycloalkene;
beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative;
thiophenes		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
uridine
[no description available]		4.0140uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
kanamycin a
Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.		4.4360kanamycinsbacterial metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		2.4220pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
galactose
galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.		1.9510D-galactose;
galactopyranose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		2.4720phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		3.3160amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		3.2310ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
phenylethyl alcohol
Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.		2.1310benzenes;
primary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
fragrance;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cysteamine
Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.		3.5120amine;
thiol		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
acetylcholine chloride
acetylcholine chloride : The chloride salt of acetylcholine, and a parasympatomimetic drug.		3.8630quaternary ammonium salt
phlorhizin
[no description available]		2.3920aryl beta-D-glucoside;
dihydrochalcones;
monosaccharide derivative		antioxidant;
plant metabolite
mepazine
mepazine: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search MEPAZINE (66-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. pacatal : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has an N-methylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl substituent at the N-10 position.		3.5920phenothiazines
methoxamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620dimethoxybenzene
methicillin
Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.		2.4520penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
niridazole
Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.		2.05101,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound
cloxacillin
Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.		3.5920penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
methylene blue
Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.		10.4401organic chloride saltacid-base indicator;
antidepressant;
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
neuroprotective agent;
physical tracer
bretylium tosylate
Bretylium Tosylate: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.. bretylium tosylate : The tosylate salt of bretylium. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.		2.0210organosulfonate salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent
calcium acetate
calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.		3.2310calcium saltchelator
dimethylnitrosamine
Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.		2.7830nitrosaminegeroprotector;
mutagen
carbaryl
Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.		2.0510carbamate ester;
naphthalenes		acaricide;
agrochemical;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant growth retardant
lactose
Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.		2.7530lactose
primaquine phosphate
[no description available]		2.4620
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		3.8830aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
Mebutamate
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		4.7690alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
gallamine triethiodide
Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)		2.4620
mebanazine
mebanazine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.5920benzenes
uracil mustard
Uracil Mustard: Nitrogen mustard derivative of URACIL. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage.		2.6930aminouracil;
nitrogen mustard
oxacillin
Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.		3.8530penicillinantibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
egtazic acid
Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.		2.110diether;
tertiary amino compound;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		2.4620chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
fluocinolone acetonide
Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.		2.411011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
triamcinolone diacetate
triamcinolone diacetate: lysyl oxidase antagonist; Polcortolon may also refers to triamcinolone		2.0810corticosteroid hormone
dimethylformamide
Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.		2.0510formamides;
volatile organic compound		geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
polar aprotic solvent
norethindrone
Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.		2.753017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary alcohol		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel
Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.		2.0510oxo steroid
cycloserine
Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).		3.23104-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
zwitterion		antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antitubercular agent;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
benziodarone
benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74)		4.140aromatic ketone
ampicillin
Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.		4.460beta-lactam antibiotic;
penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
mannitol
[no description available]		3.8730mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cytarabine
[no description available]		20.2623583beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
trifluridine
Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.		2.0210nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
asparagine
Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.		2.1110amino acid zwitterion;
asparagine;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		1.9510amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
medroxyprogesterone acetate
[no description available]		68120-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
steroid ester		adjuvant;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
female contraceptive drug;
inhibitor;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
mestranol
[no description available]		2.964017beta-hydroxy steroid;
aromatic ether;
terminal acetylenic compound		prodrug;
xenoestrogen
methaqualone
Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s.		2.0510quinazolinesGABA agonist;
sedative
trypan blue
VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution.		2.0510
cordycepin
[no description available]		2.05103'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines		antimetabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		2.3820erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		4.2150arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		1.9910aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
trifluoroacetic acid
Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.		1.9810fluoroalkanoic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
reagent
perflutren
Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.		3.2310fluoroalkane;
fluorocarbon
triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.		2.753011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
fluoxymesterone
Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.		3.231011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
fluorinated steroid		anabolic agent;
antineoplastic agent
allylpropymal
allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5.		2.0510barbiturates
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.		2.9540benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug
caramiphen
caramiphen: structure		2.0110benzenes
butobarbital
butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital)		2.0510barbiturates
methsuximide
methsuximide: anticonvulsant effective in petit mal & psychomotor epilepsy; has a number of unpleasant & toxic side effects; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SUCCINIMIDES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.5520organic molecular entity
tromethamine
Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)		3.8630primary amino compound;
triol		buffer
trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.		2.7530chloroethenesinhalation anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite
dichloroacetic acid
[no description available]		2.0410monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		astringent;
marine metabolite
dehydrocholic acid
Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.		2.051012-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-5beta-steroid;
7-oxo steroid;
oxo-5beta-cholanic acid		gastrointestinal drug
cyclizine
Cyclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935). cyclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group.		2.4620N-alkylpiperazineantiemetic;
central nervous system depressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic
methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.		11.6735106-methylprednisolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiemetic;
environmental contaminant;
neuroprotective agent;
xenobiotic
rotenone
Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.		2.7630organic heteropentacyclic compound;
rotenones		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor;
phytogenic insecticide;
piscicide;
toxin
diquat
Diquat: A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). diquat : The organic cation formed formally by addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Most often available as the dibromide.		2.0510organic cationdefoliant;
herbicide
phthalimide
phthalimide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phthalimide : A dicarboximide that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole substituted by oxo groups at positions 1 and 3.		2.0110phthalimides
brompheniramine
Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.6320organobromine compound;
pyridines		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
phensuximide
phensuximide: major descriptor (73-84); on-line search SUCCINIMIDES (73-84); Index Medicus search PHENSUXIMIDE (73-84); RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0110pyrrolidines
amido-g-acid
amido-G-acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0110
penicillin v
Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.		4.0840penicillin allergen;
penicillin
isosorbide dinitrate
Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.		4.2650glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
hexachlorobutadiene
hexachlorobutadiene: a potent nephrotoxicant in rats; structure		2.0510organochlorine compound
aminacrine
Aminacrine: A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.. 9-aminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by an amino group. A fluorescent dyd and topical antiseptic agent, it is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) in eye drops for the treatment of superficial eye infections.		3.0610aminoacridines;
primary amino compound		acid-base indicator;
antiinfective agent;
antiseptic drug;
fluorescent dye;
MALDI matrix material;
mutagen
pseudoephedrine
Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.		3.2310phenylethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
central nervous system drug;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
diethylpropion
Diethylpropion: A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290). diethylpropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which one of the hydrogens alpha- to the carbonyl is substituted by a diethylamino group. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, it is an appetite depressant and is used as the hydrochloride as an anoretic in the short term management of obesity.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
tertiary amine		appetite depressant
2-naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.		1.9510naphthylaminecarcinogenic agent
phenothiazine
10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.		2.4620phenothiazineferroptosis inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
synephrine
[no description available]		2.0510ethanolamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenols		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
plant metabolite
benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.		2.0510carbonyl compound
2-bromophenol
bromophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded bromine atoms.		2.4620bromophenolmarine metabolite
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid
Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.		2.02105-oxoproline;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		algal metabolite
3-dinitrobenzene
dinitrobenzene : Any member of the class of nitrobenzenes that consists of a benzene ring substituted by two nitro groups. A closed class.. 1,3-dinitrobenzene : A dinitrobenzene that is benzene disubstituted at positions 1 and 3 with nitro groups.		2.0510dinitrobenzeneneurotoxin
alpha phellandrene
alpha phellandrene: can be irritating to, & absorbed by the skin; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhea; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. alpha-phellandrene : One of a pair of phellandrene cyclic monoterpene double-bond isomers in which both double bonds are endocyclic (cf. alpha-phellandrene, where one of them is exocyclic).		2.2510cyclohexadiene;
phellandrene		antimicrobial agent;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
quinuclidines
Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.		3.8421quinuclidines;
saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
pyridostigmine bromide
Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.		2.4620pyridinium salt
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane : An aromatic amine that is diphenylmethane substituted at the 4-position of each benzene ring by an amino group.		2.4620aromatic amineallergen;
carcinogenic agent
cyclopentamine
cyclopentamine: structure		2.0110secondary amino compound
phenylisothiocyanate
phenylisothiocyanate: structure. phenyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenyl group attached to the nitrogen; used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation.		2.4620isothiocyanateallergen;
reagent
benzonatate
benzonatate: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1107. benzonatate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.		3.5920benzoate ester;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		anaesthetic;
antitussive
caprolactam
Caprolactam: Cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. Can cause local irritation.. epsilon-caprolactam : A member of the class of caprolactams that is azepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.0110caprolactamshuman blood serum metabolite
4-bromophenol
4-bromophenol : A bromophenol containing only hydroxy and bromo substituents that are para to one another.		2.4620bromophenolhuman urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
marine metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
persistent organic pollutant;
rat metabolite
acrolein
[no description available]		8.06301enalherbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
toxin
2-bromoethylamine
[no description available]		2.4620
allyl alcohol
allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.		2.4620primary allylic alcohol;
propenol		antibacterial agent;
fungicide;
herbicide;
insecticide;
plant metabolite
glyoxal
[no description available]		6.1191dialdehydeagrochemical;
allergen;
pesticide;
plant growth regulator
bromobenzene
[no description available]		2.4620bromoarene;
bromobenzenes;
volatile organic compound		hepatotoxic agent;
mouse metabolite;
non-polar solvent
n-pentanoic acid
n-pentanoic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. valeric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms.		2.0510short-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		plant metabolite
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		5.4841pyrrole;
secondary amine
furan
furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.		2.0510furans;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene		carcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
Maillard reaction product
ergotamine
Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.		2.4520peptide ergot alkaloidalpha-adrenergic agonist;
mycotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
oxytocic;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
estradiol dipropionate
estradiol dipropionate: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemline 7/83		2.0210steroid ester
methylergonovine
Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)		3.2310ergoline alkaloid
imipramine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideantidepressant
neostigmine bromide
neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.		2.7430bromide salt
phenformin
Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.		2.4720biguanidesantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
mephobarbital
Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		2.9640barbituratesanticonvulsant
paramethadione
paramethadione: structure		2.0110oxazolidinoneanticonvulsant
edrophonium chloride
edrophonium chloride : The chloride salt of edrophonium. A reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes), it is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.		2.4620chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.		2.0510aromatic fungicide;
chlorobenzenes		antifungal agrochemical;
carcinogenic agent;
persistent organic pollutant
trinitrotoluene
Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.		2.0510trinitrotolueneexplosive
framycetin
Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.		4.131aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite
cyclopentanone
[no description available]		2.0110cyclopentanonesMaillard reaction product
pyrazolanthrone
pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.		2.0510anthrapyrazole;
aromatic ketone;
cyclic ketone		antineoplastic agent;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
geroprotector
di-n-pentyl phthalate
dipentyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the dipentyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.		2.4620diester;
phthalate ester		plasticiser
meglumine
Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.		2.0510hexosamine;
secondary amino compound
cinchophen
cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94		4.4360quinolines
phenazopyridine hydrochloride
phenazopyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining phenazopyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		2.7730hydrochloridecarcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
tetrracaine hydrochloride
leocaine: a crystal beta-modification of the beta-dimethylaminoethyl ether of n-butylaminobenzoic acid hydrochloride		2.4620benzoate ester
yohimbine
Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.		2.0510methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylatealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
diphenhydramine hydrochloride
Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.		2.4620hydrochloride;
organoammonium salt		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
sedative
nafcillin
Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.		4.0640penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
ditiocarb
Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.		3.4720dithiocarbamic acidschelator;
copper chelator
mequinol
mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510methoxybenzenes;
phenols		metabolite
methohexital
Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.		3.8430acetylenic compound;
barbiturates		drug allergen;
intravenous anaesthetic
quinestrol
Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)		2.051017-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
dydrogesterone
[no description available]		2.051020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid		progestin
tripelennamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		2.0310azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
indazoles
Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.		10.03155indazole
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		1.98101,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		1.95101,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.		6.3953diazine;
pyrazines		Daphnia magna metabolite
ethynodiol diacetate
Ethynodiol Diacetate: A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		2.4620steroid ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
estrogen receptor modulator;
synthetic oral contraceptive
ephedrine
Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.		3.5920phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenylethanolamines		bacterial metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		5.8742azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
chlormadinone acetate
Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		2.0510corticosteroid hormone
benactyzine
Benactyzine: A centrally acting muscarinic antagonist. Benactyzine has been used in the treatment of depression and is used in research to investigate the role of cholinergic systems on behavior.		2.0110diarylmethane
pirinitramide
Pirinitramide: A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.		2.4520nitrile
edrophonium bromide
[no description available]		2.4620
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510
estradiol 17 beta-cypionate
[no description available]		2.0210steroid ester
evans blue
Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.		2.0510organic sodium saltfluorochrome;
histological dye;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
monocrotaline
Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.		2.4620pyrrolizidine alkaloid
testosterone enanthate
[no description available]		2.4420heptanoate ester;
sterol ester		androgen
aminophylline
Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.		3.8730mixturebronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		5.780N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
phenyramidol
phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity		2.0510aminopyridine
nornitrogen mustard
nornitrogen mustard: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9710nitrogen mustard
carbutamide
Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)		2.0510benzenes;
sulfonamide
pseudoephedrine hydrochloride
pseudoephedrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of pseudoephedrine.		2.4620hydrochlorideplant metabolite
phetharbital
[no description available]		2.0110barbiturates
galantamine
Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.		4.0840benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzazepine alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to curare poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
nandrolone decanoate
Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.5920steroid ester
methysergide
Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.		2.1310ergoline alkaloid
bucladesine
[no description available]		2.05103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
butanamides;
butyrate ester		agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
vasodilator agent
procarbazine hydrochloride
procarbazine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining procarbazine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		2.7630hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		3.437011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
prenylamine
Prenylamine: A drug formerly used in the treatment of angina pectoris but superseded by less hazardous drugs. Prenylamine depletes myocardial catecholamine stores and has some calcium channel blocking activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1406)		2.0110diarylmethane
perflubron
perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.		2.0510haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
perfluorinated compound		blood substitute;
radioopaque medium
cyproterone acetate
[no description available]		2.753020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
chlorinated steroid;
steroid ester		androgen antagonist;
geroprotector;
progestin
lithocholic acid
Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.		2.4620bile acid;
C24-steroid;
monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dextropropoxyphene
Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.		3.86301-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoatemu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
ketobemidone
ketobemidone: structure		2.0410piperidines
glycyrrhetinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510cyclic terpene ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		immunomodulator;
plant metabolite
chenodeoxycholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		4.2550bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
emetine
Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.		2.0810isoquinoline alkaloid;
pyridoisoquinoline		antiamoebic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiviral agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
emetic;
expectorant;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
dihydralazine
Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)		2.0510phthalazines
thymoquinone
thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.		7101,4-benzoquinonesadjuvant;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
plant metabolite
phenylpropanolamine
Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.		2.0510amphetamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid		plant metabolite
chlornaphazin
chlornaphazin: structure		1.9510naphthalenes
beclamide
beclamide: structure		2.0110benzenes
4-hydroxybutyric acid
4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.23104-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		general anaesthetic;
GHB receptor agonist;
neurotoxin;
sedative
dihydroergotamine
Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.		3.8730ergot alkaloid;
semisynthetic derivative		dopamine agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic;
serotonergic agonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
podophyllotoxin
Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.		12.77258furonaphthodioxole;
lignan;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
hesperidin
Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.05103'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
flavanone glycoside;
monomethoxyflavanone;
rutinoside		mutagen
medroxyprogesterone
[no description available]		4.293017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
dimenhydrinate
gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source		3.6120diarylmethane
azomycin
azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure		5.2131C-nitro compound;
imidazoles		antitubercular agent
chlormethiazole
Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.		2.9540thiazoles
glybuthiazol
[no description available]		2.0110benzenes;
sulfonamide
methamphetamine
Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.		3.8630amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic
levocarnitine
(R)-carnitine : The (R)-enantiomer of carnitine.		3.8530carnitineantilipemic drug;
nootropic agent;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
water-soluble vitamin (role)
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		2.7730dialdehydebiomarker
sulfanilylurea
sulfanilylurea: antimicrobial agent; structure		3.5920benzenes;
sulfonamide
gentian violet
Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.		2.0510organic chloride saltanthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
histological dye
amitriptyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620organic tricyclic compound
resazurin
resazurin: used as indicator in detection of hyposulfite (sulfoxylate); in food research (reductase test); structure		2.4110phenoxazine
1-naphthylisothiocyanate
1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.		2.7630isothiocyanateinsecticide
hematoporphyrin
Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.		2.0510
neutral red
Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.		2.0110hydrochlorideacid-base indicator;
dye;
two-colour indicator
lithium carbonate
Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.		2.0410carbonate salt;
lithium salt		antimanic drug
lactulose
[no description available]		3.8730glycosylfructosegastrointestinal drug;
laxative
isoxsuprine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620alkylbenzene
betaine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
megestrol acetate
[no description available]		4.55120-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
steroid ester		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
pamabrom
[no description available]		3.2310
galactitol
[no description available]		3.0610hexitolEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		9.82345acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
3-hydroxyacetanilide
metacetamol : A derivative of phenol which has an acetamido substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group. It is a non-toxic regioisomer of paracetamol with analgesic properties, but has never been marketed as a drug.		2.4620acetamides;
phenols		non-narcotic analgesic
methoxyacetic acid
methoxyacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methoxyacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methoxy group.		2.4620ether;
monocarboxylic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mutagen
erythromycin stearate
[no description available]		2.0510aminoglycoside
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		11.33111cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
isosorbide
Isosorbide: 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma.		2.0610organic molecular entity
hydroxychloroquine sulfate
[no description available]		2.0810
levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.		4.074017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
lormetazepam
lormetazepam: RN given refers to cpd with specified locant for methyl group; structure given in first source. lormetazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position, a 2-chlorophenyl group at the 5-position and a chloro substituent at the 7-position.		2.74301,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		sedative
vinblastine
[no description available]		3.3160
alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine
alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine: metabolite of HCFU & 5-fluorouracil; structure in first source		2.1510organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
2-chloroethylamine
[no description available]		1.9810
diphenoxylate
Diphenoxylate: A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.. diphenoxylate : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin.		3.2310ethyl ester;
nitrile;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amine		antidiarrhoeal drug
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		18.5116157pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous)
cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : The hydrochloride salt of cyproheptadine. Note that the drug named cyproheptadine hydrochloride generally refers to cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate.		2.4620hydrochloride
estradiol valerate
[no description available]		2.4420steroid ester
ethambutol hydrochloride
ethambutol dihydrochloride : The dihydrchloride salt of ethambutol. A bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, it is effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol dihydrochloride is used alone.		2.0810hydrochlorideantitubercular agent
ethambutol
Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.		4.4160ethanolamines;
ethylenediamine derivative		antitubercular agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
4-(4-nitrobenzyl)pyridine
[no description available]		1.9710
durapatite
Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).		2.0210
antimycin a
[no description available]		2.0810benzamides;
formamides;
macrodiolide;
phenols		antifungal agent;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
piscicide
vancomycin
Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.		4.7790glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		3.5920alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
pregnenolone carbonitrile
Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.		2.4720aliphatic nitrile
guanazole
Guanazole: A cytostatic triazole derivative which is not to be confused with guanazolo, the generic name for 8-azaguanine.. guanazole : An aromatic amine that is 1,2,4-triazole substituted at positions 3 and 5 by amino groups.		3.0510aromatic amine;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor
ibufenac
ibufenac: used in the treatment of rheumatism; also possesses antipyretic properties; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENYLACETATES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. ibufenac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-isobutylphenyl group. Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical use of ibufenac was discontinued due to hepatotoxic side-effects.		4.0840monocarboxylic acidEC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metylperon
metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4620aromatic ketone
metaxalone
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic ether
spectinomycin
Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.		3.5820cyclic acetal;
cyclic hemiketal;
cyclic ketone;
pyranobenzodioxin;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: A mixture of isomers.		2.0510polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
paraquat
Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.		2.4620organic cationgeroprotector;
herbicide
dronabinol
Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.		4.0640benzochromene;
diterpenoid;
phytocannabinoid;
polyketide		cannabinoid receptor agonist;
epitope;
hallucinogen;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic
methionine sulfoximine
methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .		2.3820methionine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide
amiloride
Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.		3.5920aromatic amine;
guanidines;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		diuretic;
sodium channel blocker
pimozide
Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.		4.2550benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound		antidyskinesia agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
benperidol
Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)		2.0410aromatic ketone
betamethasone valerate
Betamethasone Valerate: The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.. betamethasone valerate : A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
aminorex
Aminorex: An amphetamine-like anorectic agent. It may cause pulmonary hypertension.		2.1310benzenes
methylprednisolone hemisuccinate
Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate: A water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies.		6.1694corticosteroid hormone;
hemisuccinate
dexbrompheniramine
dexbrompheniramine : The (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.2310brompheniramineanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
sulfadoxine
Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.		2.0510pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antimalarial
acadesine
[no description available]		2.05101-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide;
aminoimidazole;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
chlordesmethyldiazepam
[no description available]		2.0410benzodiazepine
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		4.86100dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine
doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.		3.1550organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
dicloxacillin
Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.		4.2650dichlorobenzene;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
pronarcon
pronarcon: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.0110barbiturates
improsan
improsan: synonyms NSC-102627, alkylating agent 864 & yoshi 864 refer to HCl; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.3820organosulfonic ester
mannose
mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.		2.2510D-aldohexose;
D-mannose;
mannopyranose		metabolite
cyclacillin
Cyclacillin: A cyclohexylamido analog of PENICILLANIC ACID.		2.0210penicillinantibacterial drug
iproclozide
iproclozide: structure		2.4420aromatic ether
megestrol
Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.		3.522017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
cephaloglycin
Cephaloglycin: A cephalorsporin antibiotic.. cefaloglycin : A cephalosporin antibiotic containing at the 7beta-position of the cephem skeleton an (R)-amino(phenyl)acetamido group.		1.9910beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin		antimicrobial agent
tranylcypromine
Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.		2.02102-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
streptomycin
[no description available]		4.4160antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clonidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620dichlorobenzene
cladribine
[no description available]		4.94110organochlorine compound;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
beclomethasone
[no description available]		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug
ethylene dimethanesulfonate
ethylene dimethanesulfonate: antispermatogenic agent; structure		2.4620
carbenicillin
Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.		3.8530penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
carbenicillin disodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic sodium salt
dehydroemetine
dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties.		2.0510aromatic ether;
isoquinolines;
pyridoisoquinoline		antileishmanial agent;
antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug
estradiol enanthate
[no description available]		2.0210steroid ester
benorilate
benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin		2.0510carbonyl compound
trimetazidine
Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.		2.0510aromatic amine
buthionine sulfoximine
Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.		7.9240diastereoisomeric mixture;
homocysteines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide		EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer
metocurine
metocurine: from Chinese herb Cyclea hainanensis Mrr		2.0810isoquinolines
floxacillin
Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.		2.7430penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
clomacran
clomacran: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.5920acridines
mexiletine hydrochloride
mexiletine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride composed of equimolar amounts of mexiletine and hydrogen chloride.		2.4620hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
beclomethasone dipropionate
beclomethasone dipropionate : A steroid ester comprising beclomethasone having propionyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.		2.743011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
enone;
glucocorticoid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		8.54103beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate
[no description available]		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		antipsoriatic
methenamine hippurate
methenamine hippurate: both parts of molecule contribute to its antibacterial action		3.2310N-acylglycine
olsalazine
olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.		4.0640azobenzenes;
dicarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
aminopentamide
aminopentamide: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.0110diarylmethane
tiadenol
tiadenol: structure		2.0510aliphatic sulfide
terodiline
[no description available]		2.7430diarylmethane
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
metoclopramide hydrochloride
metoclopramide hydrochloride : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of metoclopramide monohydrochloride.		2.4620
etidronate disodium
etidronate disodium : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of two protons from etidronic acid (one from from each of the phosphonic acid groups) by sodium ions.		2.0810organic sodium saltantineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
platinum
Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.		9.62145elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
technetium
Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.		2.4520manganese group element atom
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		2.5920titanium group element atom
gadolinium
Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		1.9810f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		1.9510copper group element atom;
elemental gold
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		3.6790pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
metocurine iodide
[no description available]		2.4520aromatic ether
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		13.433813delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
bromine
Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.		6.9810diatomic bromine
barium sulfate
Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.		3.3811barium salt;
inorganic barium salt;
metal sulfate		radioopaque medium
metoprine
metoprine: histamine methyltransferase antagonist		1.9910
sodium thiosulfate
sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.		6.2441inorganic sodium saltantidote to cyanide poisoning;
antifungal drug;
nephroprotective agent
deuterium
Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.		2.9440dihydrogen
fluorine
Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.		1.9710diatomic fluorine;
gas molecular entity		NMR chemical shift reference compound
thallium chloride
thallium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		210inorganic chloride;
thallium molecular entity
galactose
aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.		2.1110
ozone
Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.		7.9640elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity;
reactive oxygen species;
triatomic oxygen		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
electrophilic reagent;
greenhouse gas;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
tracer
ancitabine
Ancitabine: Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.. ancitabine : An organic heterotricyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the oxo group of cytidine to the 2' position with loss of water to give the corresponding cyclic ether. A prodrug, it is metabolised to the antineoplastic agent cytarabine, so is used to maintain a more constant antineoplastic action.		3.0510diol;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
stanozolol
Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anabolic agent;
androgen
clodronic acid
Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.		2.05101,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
one-carbon compound;
organochlorine compound		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent
carbendazim
carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.		2.4620benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug;
metabolite;
microtubule-destabilising agent
coformycin
[no description available]		3.0710coformycinsEC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
mafenide acetate
[no description available]		2.0810carboxylic acid
ethionine
L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.		2.4620S-ethylhomocysteineantimetabolite;
carcinogenic agent
titanium dioxide
titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.		2.1710titanium oxidesfood colouring
apazone
Apazone: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.. apazone : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid.		2.0410benzotriazinesnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
uricosuric drug
misonidazole
Misonidazole: A nitroimidazole that sensitizes normally radio-resistant hypoxic cells to radiation. It may also be directly cytotoxic to hypoxic cells and has been proposed as an antineoplastic.		1.9810
diacerein
diacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase;		2.0810anthraquinone
xipamide
Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.		2.0510benzamides
selegiline
Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.		4.460selegiline;
terminal acetylenic compound		geroprotector
selegiline hydrochloride, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride;
terminal acetylenic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		2.44206-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
clemastine
Clemastine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.. clemastine : 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.		3.8930monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpyrrolidine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
thiamphenicol
[no description available]		2.4720monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfone		antimicrobial agent;
immunosuppressive agent
pancuronium bromide
pancuronium bromide : A bromide salt consisting of two bromide ions and one pancuronium dication.		2.0810bromide saltcholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
pizotyline
Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.		2.0510benzocycloheptathiophenehistamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
cephalexin
Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.		4.2550beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
cromolyn sodium
Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.		2.0610organic sodium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
drug allergen
isosorbide-5-mononitrate
isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug		3.1450glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
pentamethylmelamine
pentamethylmelamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		4.4411
gestrinone
Gestrinone: A non-estrogenic contraceptive which is a weak progestin with strong anti-progesterone properties. It is effective if used once a week orally or can also be used in intravaginal devices.		2.0510oxo steroid
ornidazole
Ornidazole: A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.. ornidazole : A C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl and methyl groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of susceptible protozoal infections and for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections.		2.0810C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
organochlorine compound;
secondary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antitrichomonal drug;
epitope
danazol
Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.		4.547017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		anti-estrogen;
estrogen antagonist;
geroprotector
benomyl
[no description available]		2.0110aromatic amide;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		acaricide;
anthelminthic drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
fenclozic acid
fenclozic acid: an analgesic & antipyretic with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZOLES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		3.5920
laxagetten 4,4'-diacetoxydiphenylpyridylemethane
[no description available]		3.5920
methoxuron
3-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea: structure in first source. metoxuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a 3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups. It is a plant growth regulator and a pre- and post-emergence herbicide used for the control of grasses and broad-leaved weeds in carrots and cereals (e.g. wheat, barley and rye).		3.39113-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea;
monochlorobenzenes;
monomethoxybenzene		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
photosystem-II inhibitor;
plant growth regulator;
xenobiotic
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		9.77226aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
razoxane
Razoxane: An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties.		5.9370N-alkylpiperazine
cephapirin
Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		2.4320cephalosporinantibacterial drug
fludarabine phosphate
fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.		3.6120nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
disopyramide phosphate
[no description available]		2.4620organoammonium phosphate
alclofenac
alclofenac: was heading 1975-94 (was see under PHENYLACETATES 1975-90); use PHENYLACETATES to search ALCLOFENAC 1975-94; an anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; acts also as an analgesic and an antipyretic. alclofenac : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen links an allyl group to the 4-position of (3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid.A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the UK market in 1979 due to concerns with its association with vasculitis and rash.		3.8530aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
carbimazole
Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.		2.05101,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones;
carbamate ester		antithyroid drug;
prodrug
bromocriptine
Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.		3.8530indole alkaloidantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
hormone antagonist
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		2.3820benzenes;
phenyl acetates
thiodiacetic acid
thiodiacetic acid: vinyl chloride metabolite in urine of rats		1.9910dicarboxylic acid
triamcinolone
Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.		2.482011beta-hydroxy steroid;
16alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
oxyphenisatin
[no description available]		3.8730indoles
tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.		2.0510chlorocarbon;
chloroethenes		nephrotoxic agent
fludrocortisone
Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.		3.231011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
mineralocorticoid		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid
Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		4.2550bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pregnanolone
Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.		2.04103-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid		human metabolite;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
butylated hydroxytoluene
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.		2.4620phenolsantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
food additive;
geroprotector
metipranolol
Metipranolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist effective for both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. It is used as an antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, and antiglaucoma agent.. metipranolol : 3-(Propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by a 4-acetoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy group. A non-cardioselective beta-blocker, it is used to lower intra-ocular pressure in the management of open-angle glaucoma.		2.0210acetate ester;
aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
carboxyphosphamide
carboxyphosphamide: metabolite of cyclophosphamide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		1.9810nitrogen mustard
benzonidazole
benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.		2.0810C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antiprotozoal drug
halazepam
halazepam: structure		2.0210organic molecular entity
butachlor
butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.		2.0510aromatic amide;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
du-21220
Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.		2.4320benzyl alcohols;
polyphenol;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
carticaine
Carticaine: A thiophene-containing local anesthetic pharmacologically similar to MEPIVACAINE.		2.0110thiophenecarboxylic acid
transferrin
Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.		2.3920
rose bengal b disodium salt
[no description available]		2.0510
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		2.7230glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
dexchlorpheniramine
dexchlorpheniramine: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer		3.2310chlorphenamine
ribostamycin
Ribostamycin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial isolated from Streptomyces ribosifidicus.. ribostamycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is 4,6-diaminocyclohexane-1,2,3-triol having a 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 1 and a beta-D-ribosyl residue attached at position 2. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ribosidificus (formerly S. thermoflavus).		2.0410amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
metabolite
clometacin
clometacin: structure		3.5920N-acylindole
cefazolin
Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		4.460beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
tetrazoles;
thiadiazoles		antibacterial drug
amoscanate
amoscanate: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. amoscanate : An isothiocyanate that is phenyl isothiocyanate in which the hydrogen at the para- position has been replaced by a 4-nitroanilinyl group.		2.0110C-nitro compound;
isothiocyanate;
secondary amino compound		schistosomicide drug
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		5.11130penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
timolol
(S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.		4.5470timololanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
indoramin
Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.4620tryptamines
eterobarb
[no description available]		2.0110barbiturates
nicergoline
Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.		2.0510organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
gallium citrate
[no description available]		210
oxcarbazepine
Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.		3.8730cyclic ketone;
dibenzoazepine		anticonvulsant;
drug allergen
carbidopa
carbidopa (anhydrous) : 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.		3.930catechols;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
prednimustine
Prednimustine: Ester of CHLORAMBUCIL and PREDNISOLONE used as a combination alkylating agent and synthetic steroid to treat various leukemias and other neoplasms. It causes gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity.		6.7101corticosteroid hormone
toloxatone
toloxatone: oxazolidinone derivative; psychotropic drug; structure. toloxatone : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-toloxatone. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and antidepressant.. 5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted by a 3-methylphenyl group at position 3.		2.4520oxazolidinone;
primary alcohol;
toluenes
moricizine hydrochloride
moricizine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained from equimola amounts of moricizine and hydrogen chloride.		2.4620hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
moricizine
Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.		3.5620carbamate ester;
morpholines;
phenothiazines		anti-arrhythmia drug
amineptin
amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.		4.140amino acid;
carbocyclic fatty acid;
carbotricyclic compound;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor
bitolterol
bitolterol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bitolterol : The di-4-toluate ester of (+-)-N-tert-butylnoradrenaline (colterol). A pro-drug for colterol, a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, bitolterol is used as its methanesulfonate salt for relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.		2.0210carboxylic ester;
diester;
ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
prodrug
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		4.86100azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
feprazone
Feprazone: A pyrazole that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It has been used in mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p15)		2.0810organic molecular entity
7-ethoxycoumarin
7-ethoxycoumarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by an ethoxy group.		1.9810aromatic ether;
coumarins
pirprofen
pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure		4.2650pyrroline
sisomicin
Sisomicin: Antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (GENTAMICINS).		2.4520amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic;
beta-L-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative
serentil
mesoridazine besylate : The benzenesulfonate salt of mesoridazine prepared using equimolar amounts of mesoridazine and benzenesulfonic acid.		2.4620organosulfonate saltdopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
amdinocillin
Amdinocillin: An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action.. mecillinam : A penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria.		2.0410penicillinantibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
tobramycin
Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.		3.4370amino cyclitol glycosideantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
toxin
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		21.8344138taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		27.051,553576beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
propafenone hydrochloride
propafenone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of propafenone. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.		2.4620hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
dobutamine
Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		4.2650catecholamine;
secondary amine		beta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
ticarcillin
Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.		2.4520penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
enilconazole
enilconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. enilconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-enilconazole. A fungicide used to control a wide range of fungi including Tilletia and Helminthosporium spp. on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals. In veterinary medicine, it is used topically for the treatment of fungal skin infections in cattle, dogs, and horses; it is also used by inhalation for the treatment of aspergillosis in ostriches.. 1-[2-(allyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles in which the hydrogen at position 1 is replaced by a 2-(allyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group.		2.1310dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
trimazosin
trimazosin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410N-arylpiperazine
penbutolol
Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.		4.0840ethanolamines
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		4.861001-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
adinazolam
adinazolam: structure in first source. adinazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a dimethylaminomethyl group at the 1-position, a phenyl group at the 6-position and a chloro substituent at the 8-position.		2.9540triazolobenzodiazepineanticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
sedative
amikacin
Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.		4.2950alpha-D-glucoside;
amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside;
carboxamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
nephrotoxin
tolamolol
[no description available]		2.0410
carbidopa
[no description available]		2.7530catechols;
hydrate;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
cephradine
Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.		4.4160beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
ticrynafen
Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.		4.4360aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antihypertensive agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
loop diuretic
guanadrel
guanadrel: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. guanadrel : A spiroketal resulting from the formal condensation of the keto group of cyclohexanone with the hydroxy groups of 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)guanidine. A postganglionic adrenergic blocking agent formerly used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the management of hypertension, it has been largely superseded by other drugs less likely to cause orthostatic hypotension (dizzy spells on standing up or stretching).		2.0210guanidines;
spiroketal		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
triazinate
triazinate: structure		4.4511
methyldopa
Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		4.7690L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
hapten;
peripheral nervous system drug;
sympatholytic agent
tocainide
Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		2.9540monocarboxylic acid amideanti-arrhythmia drug;
local anaesthetic;
sodium channel blocker
sulbenicillin
Sulbenicillin: Semisynthetic penicillin-type antibiotic.. sulbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-[phenyl(sulfo)acetamido] side-chain.		2.4520penicillin
bezafibrate
[no description available]		2.7530aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
sq-11725
Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.		3.4370
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		4.65805-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
nimustine
Nimustine: Antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. The resistance which brain tumor cells acquire to the initial effectiveness of this drug can be partially overcome by the simultaneous use of membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists such as nicardipine or verapamil, or the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. The drug has also been used in combination with other antineoplastic agents or with radiotherapy for the treatment of various neoplasms.. nimustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl] group. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors.		5.15111aminopyrimidine;
N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
levobunolol
Levobunolol: The L-Isomer of bunolol.. levobunolol : A cyclic ketone that is 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1-one substituted at position 5 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group (the S-enantiomer). A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of glaucoma.		2.0210aromatic ether;
cyclic ketone;
propanolamine		antiglaucoma drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
nonachlazine
Nonachlazine: Coronary vasodilator with a novel mechanism of action; proposed as antianginal agent.		2.0510
lonidamine
lonidamine: structure. lonidamine : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole that is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and carboxy groups, respectively.		4.4511dichlorobenzene;
indazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		antineoplastic agent;
antispermatogenic agent;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
vecuronium bromide
Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		2.7330organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
vecuronium
vecuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		3.2310acetate ester;
androstane;
quaternary ammonium ion		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
benoxaprofen
benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.		4.43601,3-benzoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antipsoriatic;
antipyretic;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
nephrotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
protein kinase C agonist
permethrin
hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141		2.9640cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
cyclopropanes		agrochemical;
ectoparasiticide;
pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide;
scabicide
exifone
[no description available]		3.5920benzophenones
chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine)
Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine): A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls that induces hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity towards thyroxine.. Aroclor 1254 : A mixture of polychlorobiphenyls of unspecified composition, containing 54% chlorine (X = Cl or H).		1.9610
pirfenidone
pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.		2.0510pyridoneantipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mefloquine
(-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.		3.2310[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanolantimalarial
vindesine
Vindesine: Vinblastine derivative with antineoplastic activity against CANCER. Major side effects are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Vindesine is used extensively in chemotherapy protocols (ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS).		15.359149methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
primary carboxamide;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent
desogestrel
Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
flecainide acetate
flecainide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining flecainide with one molar equivalent of acetic acid. An antiarrhythmic agent used to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		2.4620acetate saltanti-arrhythmia drug
meptazinol
Meptazinol: A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain.		2.4520azepanes
nicardipine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620dihydropyridinegeroprotector
muzolimine
Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects.		2.0510dichlorobenzene
nitazoxanide
nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug		3.6120benzamides;
carboxylic ester
sufentanil
Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		4.2550anilide;
ether;
piperidines;
thiophenes		anaesthesia adjuvant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
acarbose
[no description available]		3.6120tetrasaccharide derivativeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
torsemide
Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.		4.2550aminopyridine;
N-sulfonylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
loop diuretic
medroxalol
medroxalol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410salicylamides
epirubicin
Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.		18.3422690aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
p-quinones;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
cefmetazole
Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.		2.4320cephalosporinantibacterial drug
desflurane
Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia.		2.4420organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
indacrinone
indacrinone: polyvalent saluretic; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.4620
diaziquone
diaziquone: RN given refers to parent cpd. diaziquone : A 1,4-benzoquinone that is substituted at positions 2 and 5 have been replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups and at positions 3 and 6 by (ethoxycarbonyl)amino groups.		3.98201,4-benzoquinones;
aziridines;
carbamate ester;
enamine		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
elliptinium
elliptinium: synthetic ellipticine deriv; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		1.9710carbazoles
lorcainide
[no description available]		2.9740acetamides
idarubicin
Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.		10.27226anthracycline antibiotic;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative
propiconazole
Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.		3.411conazole fungicide;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
triazole fungicide;
triazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ceforanide
ceforanide: RN given refers to (6R-(trans))-isomer. ceforanide : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with {[1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and 2-(aminomethyl)phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is effective against many coliforms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus, and most strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Hemophilus, Citrobacter and Arizona species.		2.0410cephalosporinantibacterial drug
cefonicid
Cefonicid: A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections.. cefonicid : A cephalosporin bearing {[1-(sulfomethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		2.0210cephalosporinantibacterial drug
piperacillin
Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		4.2550penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
paroxetine
Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.		4.7790aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril
Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.		4.95110alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
progabide
progabide: GABA agonist; structure		2.0110diarylmethane
cefoperazone
Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.		4.0640cephalosporinantibacterial drug
staurosporine
[no description available]		2.0810indolocarbazole alkaloid;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
geroprotector
foscarnet sodium
trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		2.4720one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antiviral drug
lodoxamide
[no description available]		2.0210organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
atracurium
Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.		4.0740diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
atracurium besylate
atracurium besylate : The bisbenzenesulfonate salt of atracurium.		2.0810organosulfonate salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
butoconazole nitrate
butoconazole nitrate : An organic nitrate salt obtained by reaction of equimolar amounts of butaconazole and nitric acid. An antifungal agent, it is used in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans.		2.4620aryl sulfide;
conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
organic nitrate salt
butoconazole
butoconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. butoconazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)sulfanyl]butyl group. An antifungal agent, it is used as its nitrate salt in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans.		2.0210aryl sulfide;
conazole antifungal drug;
dichlorobenzene;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
moxalactam
Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.		2.7430cephalosporin;
oxacephem		antibacterial drug
lidamidine
lidamidine: synonym WHR-1142A refers to HCl; structure		2.0110ureas
nicorandil
Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.		2.4720nitrate ester;
pyridinecarboxamide		potassium channel opener;
vasodilator agent
endralazine
BQ 22-708: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410benzamides
naftifine
naftifine: allylamine der; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. naftifine : A tertiary amine in which the nitrogen is substituted by methyl, alpha-naphthylmethyl, and (1E)-cinnamyl groups. It is used (usually as its hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of fungal skin infections.		2.0210allylamine antifungal drug;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
pergolide
Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		3.5620diamine;
methyl sulfide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
pergolide mesylate
pergolide mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained from pergolide by mixing eqimolar amount of pergolide and methanesulfonic acid. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		2.0810methanesulfonate saltantiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
geroprotector
cefadroxil anhydrous
Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.7690cephalosporinantibacterial drug
encainide
Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.		3.1450benzamides;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
sodium channel blocker
talniflumate
talniflumate: an anti-inflammatory molecule for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma		2.0810benzofurans
fenoldopam mesylate
[no description available]		2.0810benzazepine
nedocromil
Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS.		2.0210dicarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fialuridine
[no description available]		4.0840
cefaclor anhydrous
Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.0840cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
pefloxacin
Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.		2.9740fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
mitoxantrone hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
alfentanil
Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.		4.2550monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		central nervous system depressant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
acifran
acifran: structure given in first source		2.0110
miglustat
miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.		3.5920piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
haloperidol decanoate
[no description available]		3.2310organic molecular entity
cefotetan
Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.		4.5470
recainam
recainam: structure given in first source		2.7430
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		4.7690delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
flupirtine
flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.9740aminopyridine
tolrestat
tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source		3.8730naphthalenesEC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
enoximone
Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.		2.9740aromatic ketone
stepronin
[no description available]		2.0810N-acyl-amino acid
piritrexim
piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		3.5120
levocabastine
levocabastine: for the temporary relief of the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis		2.0210piperidines
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		9.6780delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
idazoxan
Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.		2.7530benzodioxine;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist
remoxipride
Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.		2.9740dimethoxybenzene
balsalazide
balsalazide: a mesalamine 5-aminosalicylate prodrug; 99% of ingested drug remains intact through the stomach and is delivered to and activated in the colon; used for inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis but avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity reaction to salicylates or mesalamine; structure in first source. balsalazide : A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.		3.2310
pravastatin
Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		4.66803-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
carbobicyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
xenobiotic
cabergoline
Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.		3.8530N-acylureaantineoplastic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
bambuterol
bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.		2.7430carbamate ester;
phenylethanolamines		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
atomoxetine hydrochloride
Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.		2.4720hydrochlorideadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant
atomoxetine
atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.		4.4160aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound;
toluenes		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
quinapril
Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		4.4160dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
alpidem
[no description available]		4.0840imidazoles
gepirone
gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0510N-arylpiperazine
mifepristone
Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.		3.87303-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive
trospectomycin
trospectomycin: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RN refers to 2R-(2alpha,4abeta,5abeta,6beta,7beta,8beta,9beta,9alpha,9aalpha,10abeta)-(9CI)-isomer		2.0410dioxanes
fosphenytoin
fosphenytoin: structure given in first & second source		3.5620imidazolidine-2,4-dione
salmeterol xinafoate
Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.		2.0810naphthoic acid
ranolazine
Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.		3.2310aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
secondary alcohol
finasteride
Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.		4.41603-oxo steroid;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		androgen antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
imiquimod
Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.		2.0810imidazoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
interferon inducer
sematilide
sematilide: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source		2.7430
esmolol
methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.		4.2650aromatic ether;
ethanolamines;
methyl ester;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
temafloxacin
temafloxacin: structure given in first source. temafloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-temafloxacin. Both enantiomers both exhibit similar pharmacological profiles. Temafloxacin was briefly used (either as the free base or as the hydrochloride salt) as an antibacterial drug but was withdrawn worldwide in 1992 following reports of serious side effects, including severe hypoglycaemia, haemolytic anaemia, liver and kidney dysfunction, anaphylaxis, and death.. 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-7-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1, 6, and 7 by 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluorine, and 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.		2.4620amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound
clinafloxacin
clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl		3.1550quinolines
sertindole
sertindole : A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.		2.0810heteroarylpiperidine;
imidazolidinone;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
phenylindole		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
adapalene
Adapalene: A naphthalene derivative that has specificity for RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS. It is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT for the treatment of ACNE.. adapalene : A naphthoic acid that is CD437 in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to its methyl ether.		2.4520adamantanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
naphthoic acid		dermatologic drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
adefovir
adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		4.08406-aminopurines;
ether;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent
loxiglumide
loxiglumide: cholecystokinin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source		2.4520organic molecular entity
aromasil
[no description available]		3.612017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sparfloxacin
[no description available]		3.360fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone
zileuton
[no description available]		4.54701-benzothiophenes;
ureas		anti-asthmatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.		3.5920methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous
Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.		4.5470phosphonic acids;
pyrimidone		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
photosensitizing agent
tiagabine
Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.		4.2450beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid;
tertiary amino compound;
thiophenes		anticonvulsant;
GABA reuptake inhibitor
mibefradil
Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.		2.7430tetralinsT-type calcium channel blocker
topotecan
Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.		12.09307pyranoindolizinoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
bromfenac
bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.		4.87100aromatic amino acid;
benzophenones;
organobromine compound;
substituted aniline		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride;
organofluorine compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		18.4416052organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
ibutilide
ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt		4.0640benzenes;
organic amino compound
aripiprazole
Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.		3.8730aromatic ether;
delta-lactam;
dichlorobenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone		drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic agonist
remifentanil
Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.		4.0640alpha-amino acid ester;
anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidinecarboxylate ester		intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
sedative
atorvastatin calcium anhydrous
[no description available]		2.0810organic calcium salt
atorvastatin
[no description available]		3.8530aromatic amide;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrroles;
statin (synthetic)		environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
lamivudine
[no description available]		4.95110monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
duloxetine hydrochloride
Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.		2.0810duloxetine hydrochlorideantidepressant
duloxetine
[no description available]		3.5920duloxetine
irinotecan
[no description available]		13.714614carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
valsartan
Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.		4.7690biphenylyltetrazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ibandronic acid
Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.5820
ziprasidone
ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.		4.08401,2-benzisothiazole;
indolones;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
zanamivir
Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.		2.7430guanidinesantiviral agent;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan
zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.		4.2650oxazolidinone;
tryptamines		anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
3-iodobenzylguanidine
3-Iodobenzylguanidine: A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase.		4.3111organoiodine compound
adefovir dipivoxil
bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		2.47206-aminopurines;
carbonate ester;
ether;
organic phosphonate		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent;
prodrug
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		3.6120monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
tasosartan
tasosartan: angiotensin II antagonist; structure given in first source		4.2850biphenyls
saquinavir monomethanesulfonate
[no description available]		2.4620organic molecular entity
tiludronic acid
tiludronic acid: a bone resorption inhibitor; an antihypercalcemic agent; used in the tratment of Paget's disease; used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source		3.2310organochlorine compound
tirofiban
Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.		3.8530L-tyrosine derivative;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
capecitabine
Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.		5.3970carbamate ester;
cytidines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		4.460adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
allyl formate
[no description available]		2.4620
d-lactic acid
(R)-lactic acid : An optically active form of lactic acid having (R)-configuration.		2.01102-hydroxypropanoic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
gallium nitrate
gallium nitrate: RN given refers to parent cpd		7.4671
florisil
Florisil: hard, porous, granular substance used in vitamin analysis, chromatography, & antibiotic processing		2.0610
carbogen
carbogen: mixture of 95% O2 & 5% CO2		6.9910
heptenophos
heptenophos: structure		2.0110organochlorine compound;
organophosphate insecticide;
trialkyl phosphate		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
paroxetine hydrochloride
paroxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of paroxetine. It is an antidepressant drug.		2.0810hydrochlorideantidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
desferrioxamine b mesylate
desferrioxamine B mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of desferrioxamine B with one molar equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. It is an iron-chelating medicine used to remove excess iron from the body. It binds to iron in the blood, which is then passed out in the urine.		2.4620methanesulfonate saltantidote;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator
bupropion hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7630aromatic ketone
cisatracurium
cisatracurium: RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,2alpha(1'R*,2'R*)))-isomer. cisatracurium : A diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate.		2.0410diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
halofuginone
[no description available]		2.0510quinazolines
diltiazem hydrochloride
Carex: fluoride (1.8%) containing varnish; no further information available 8/91. diltiazem hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of diltiazem and hydrogen chloride. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.0510hydrochlorideantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
trazodone hydrochloride
Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.		2.7630hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
fosinoprilat
fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group. fosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure.		2.0410L-proline derivative;
phosphinic acids		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ortho-cept
ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne		2.0510
trovafloxacin
trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.		4.6780
verapamil hydrochloride
verapamil hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil hydrochloride and (S)-verapamil hydrochloride.		2.4620
cefprozil
[no description available]		4.0640cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
doxazosin mesylate
Cardura: Trade name in United States.		2.0810methanesulfonate saltgeroprotector
ciprofloxacin hydrochloride anhydrous
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideantibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
methylprednisolone aceponate
methylprednisolone aceponate: RN given for (6alpha,11beta)-isomer		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
dexamethasone 17-valerate
dexamethasone 17-valerate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure		2.021021-hydroxy steroid
dexamethasone dipropionate
[no description available]		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
caffeine, sodium benzoate drug combination
caffeine, sodium benzoate drug combination: RN given refers to an equal mixture of caffeine and benzoate; Merck, 9th ed, #1628 reference for caffeine sodium benzoate		2.1110
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		3.8730acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir
Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.		3.8730aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
HIV protease inhibitor
amantadine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideantiviral agent;
dopamine agonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
doxapram hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510hydrochloridecentral nervous system stimulant
mevastatin
mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.		2.08102-pyranones;
carboxylic ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		antifungal agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
Penicillium metabolite
bupivacaine hydrochloride
bupivacaine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine hydrochloride and levobupivacaine hydrochloride. The monohydrate form is commonly used as a local anaesthetic.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.0810hydrochloride;
racemate		adrenergic antagonist;
amphiphile;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
local anaesthetic
fenofibric acid
fenofibric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
chlorobenzophenone;
monocarboxylic acid		drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
1,5-anhydroglucitol
1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol.		2.0510anhydro sugarhuman metabolite
betulinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
calanolide a
calanolide A: NSC 661122 and costatolide are isomers; a novel HIV-inhibitory class of coumarin derivatives from the tropical rainforest tree, Calophyllum lanigerum (Clusiaceae); structure in first source. (+)-calanolide A : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 11,12-dihydro-2H,6H,10H-dipyrano[2,3-f:2',3'-h]chromen-2-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 12, methyl groups at positions 6, 6, 10 and 11 and a propyl group at position 4 (the 10R,11S,12S stereoisomer). Isolated from Calophyllum lanigerum var austrocoriaceum and Calophyllum brasiliense, it exhibits potent activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.		2.0210cyclic ether;
delta-lactone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
plant metabolite
plerixafor
plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.		4.2950azacycloalkane;
azamacrocycle;
benzenes;
crown amine;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist;
immunological adjuvant
amprenavir
[no description available]		3.8730carbamate ester;
sulfonamide;
tetrahydrofuryl ester		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir
Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.		3.8930acetamides;
amino acid ester;
cyclohexenecarboxylate ester;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
methylthymidine
methylthymidine: RN given refers to N-3-methylthymidine		1.9910
phosphoramidic acid
phosphoramidic acid: urease inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; do not confuse with phosphoramidites, which are organophosphorus compounds		210phosphoric acid derivative
dobutamine hydrochloride
dobutamine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dobutamine. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		2.4620hydrochloridebeta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
ticlopidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride
epirubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.		2.0510glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
iopamidol
Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.		2.9640benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound;
pentol		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
sulconazole, mononitrate, (+-)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4620conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
organic nitrate salt
histamine phosphate
histamine phosphate : A phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine.		3.2310phosphate salthistamine agonist
imipramine n-oxide
imipramine N-oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410dibenzooxazepine
tilbroquinol
[no description available]		3.5920organohalogen compound;
quinolines
2,2'-dithiodiethanesulfonic acid
[no description available]		4.2741
bendamustine
[no description available]		3.8830benzimidazoles
erdosteine
[no description available]		2.0510N-acyl-amino acid
droxicam
droxicam: structure given in first source. droxicam : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.		3.5920organic heterotricyclic compound;
pyridines		cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prodrug
trofosfamide
trofosfamide: cyclophosphamide analog; structure		10.5355ifosfamides
sufosfamide
sufosfamide: stronger immunosuppressive activity than cyclophosphamide; structure		1.9610
ebrotidine
ebrotidine: an H2-receptor antagonist and gastric mucosa protector		3.5920sulfonamide
mizolastine
[no description available]		2.0510benzimidazoles
methoxy-morpholinyl-doxorubicin
methoxy-morpholinyl-doxorubicin: structure in first source		2.7130anthracycline antibiotic;
morpholines;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
dexloxiglumide
dexloxiglumide: a CCK receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.7430glutamic acid derivative
goralatide
goralatide: from fetal calf bone marrow; exerts a high inhibitory activity on the proliferation of hematopoietic pluripotent stem cells. goralatide : A tetrapeptide that is Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro in which the N-terminal amino group carries an acetyl group. It is selective inhibitor of primitive haematopoietic cell proliferation and exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and pro-angiogenic properties.		3.3611oligopeptide;
tetrapeptide		anti-inflammatory agent;
pro-angiogenic agent
intoplicine
intoplicine: structure in first source		2.4520pyridoindole
pazufloxacin
[no description available]		2.0810quinolines
repaglinide
[no description available]		4.2650piperidines
telmisartan
Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.		4.6680benzimidazoles;
biphenyls;
carboxybiphenyl		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0110aralkylamine
dexfenfluramine
Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.		2.7330fenfluramineappetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
2-methoxyestradiol
2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate: RN given refers to the (17alpha)-isomer		2.0410
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		4.2311,2,3-triazole
g 29505
G 29505: structure		2.0110methoxybenzenes
heptafluorobutyric anhydride
heptafluorobutyric anhydride: structure. heptafluorobutyric anhydride : An acyclic carboxylic anhydride that is perfluorinated butyric anhydride. It is used as a derivatising reagent for gas chromatographic analyses.		1.9610acyclic carboxylic anhydride;
organofluorine compound		chromatographic reagent
trimethobenzamide monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
amiloride hydrochloride
amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate : A hydrate that is the dihydrate of amiloride hydrochloride.		2.4620hydratediuretic;
sodium channel blocker
miconazole nitrate
miconazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole nitrate. An antifungal used for the treatment of athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		2.0810
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate: binds to albumin at 2 sites		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
steroid sulfate		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen
econazole nitrate
econazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole nitrate. Used to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.		2.4620
medetomidine
Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.		2.0510imidazoles
fluorodeoxyglucose f18
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)		9.7217102-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose;
2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
sertraline
Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.		4.4160dichlorobenzene;
secondary amino compound;
tetralins		antidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
lomefloxacin hydrochloride
lomefloxacin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of lomefloxacin. It is administered by mouth to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used topically as eye drops for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, and as ear drops for the treatment of otitis externa and otitis media.		2.4620hydrochlorideantimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
photosensitizing agent
picosulfate sodium
picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure		2.0510aryl sulfate;
pyridines
cefcanel
cefcanel: RN given refers to (6R-(6 alpha,7 beta(R*)))-isomer; structure		2.4520
zoledronic acid
Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.		14.211251,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
imidazoles		bone density conservation agent
epristeride
epristeride: structure given in first source		2.7430steroid acid
talinolol
[no description available]		2.7430ureas
artemisinin
(+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.0810organic peroxide;
sesquiterpene lactone		antimalarial;
plant metabolite
brinzolamide
brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent		2.0810sulfonamide;
thienothiazine		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
dienogest
[no description available]		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
aliphatic nitrile;
steroid hormone		progesterone receptor agonist;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
flunoxaprofen
flunoxaprofen: structure given in first source. flunoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group (the S-enantiomer). Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, the clinical use of flunoxaprofen was discontinued due to possible hepatotoxic side-effects.		2.46201,3-benzoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound		antirheumatic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
protein kinase C agonist
tianeptine
tianeptine: structure given in first source. tianeptine : A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tianeptine. It is an atypical antidepressant used in Europe to treat patients who respond poorly to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).. 7-[(3-chloro-6-methyl-5,5-dioxido-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepin-11-yl)amino]heptanoic acid : A member of the class of dibenzothiazepines that is 3-chloro-6-methyl-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-dioxide substituted by a (6-carboxyhexyl)amino group at position 11.. (S)-tianeptine : The S-enantiomer of tianeptine.		2.4620dibenzothiazepine;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
drospirenone
drospirenone: a progestational compound with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity; structure given in first source		2.08103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
steroid lactone		aldosterone antagonist;
contraceptive drug;
progestin
artemether
Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.0810artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
organic peroxide;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial
resorufin
[no description available]		2.4320phenoxazine
acefylline
acefylline: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0110oxopurine
morphazinamide
morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index		2.0510morpholines;
pyrazines;
secondary carboxamide
dipropylacetamide
dipropylacetamide: structure. valpromide : A fatty amide derived from valproic acid.		2.0110fatty amidegeroprotector;
metabolite;
teratogenic agent
denaverine
denaverine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410diarylmethane
acamprosate
Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.		3.2310acetamides;
organosulfonic acid		environmental contaminant;
neurotransmitter agent;
xenobiotic
isaxonine
isaxonine: promotes nerve growth		3.5920aminopyrimidine
diprafenone
diprafenone: structure given in first source		2.4520aromatic compound
erythromycin propionate
erythromycin propionate: form in which erythromycin estolate is principally absorbed		2.0210erythromycin derivative
nebivolol
2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.		3.5820chromanes;
diol;
organofluorine compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
uk 68798
[no description available]		4.2650aromatic ether;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
potassium channel blocker
ljc 10627
biapenem: structure given in first source. biapenem : A carbapenem antibiotic in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-ylthio substituents respectively.		2.4520carbapenems;
organic sulfide;
pyrazolotriazole		antibacterial drug
hp 873
iloperidone: an atypical, negative symptom antipsychotic agent. iloperidone : A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.		3.61201,2-benzoxazoles;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
monoamine;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
dexrazoxane
Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.		4.4160razoxaneantineoplastic agent;
cardiovascular drug;
chelator;
immunosuppressive agent
loxapine succinate
[no description available]		2.0810succinate saltgeroprotector
loperamide hydrochloride
loperamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining loperamide with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.		2.4620hydrochlorideanticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
fenoxypropazine
[no description available]		3.5920aromatic ether
antebate
betamethasone butyrate propionate: a topical corticosteroid		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
voriconazole
Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.		4.0840conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidines;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		P450 inhibitor
betamipron
[no description available]		2.4620organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
bufuralol
bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.7430benzofurans
ranimustine
ranimustine: RN given refers to (alpha)-(D)-isomer; structure		4.1331organic molecular entity
uroxatral
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride
aceclofenac
[no description available]		3.8530amino acid;
carboxylic ester;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
amphotalide
[no description available]		2.0110phthalimides
fluoresone
[no description available]		2.0110sulfonamide
nitrefazole
[no description available]		3.5920imidazoles
alacepril
[no description available]		2.0110dipeptide;
thioacetate ester		EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
panipenem
panipenem: synthetic cpd; structure given in first source		2.0410organic molecular entity
perindoprilat
perindoprilat : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of N-[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-norvaline with the amino group of (2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid. The major active metabolite of perindopril.		2.0410dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide;
L-alanine derivative;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antihypertensive agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cyclobutyrol
cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring.		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acidbile therapy drug
thiocolchicoside
[no description available]		2.0810glycoside
terlipressin
terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function.		2.0510polypeptide
7-hydroxystaurosporine
[no description available]		2.0410
methotrimeprazine
Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.		2.6930phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
isoflavone
[no description available]		2.0510isoflavones
clevudine
[no description available]		2.0510
9-aminocamptothecin
[no description available]		2.0410pyranoindolizinoquinoline
sch 34343
Sch 34343: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5R-(5alpha,6alpha))-isomer		2.4520
grepafloxacin
grepafloxacin: structure in first source		2.4620fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolines;
quinolone antibiotic
squalamine
squalamine: from dogfish shark Squalus acanthias; structure given in first source		2.0410bile acid
tetrandrine
tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity		2.0510bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
doripenem
Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.		3.6120carbapenems
agroclavine
agroclavine: structure. agroclavine : An ergot alkaloid that is ergoline which contains a double bond between positions 8 and 9, and which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 6 and 8.		2.0110ergot alkaloid
oxazolidin-2-one
Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.		1.9810carbamate ester;
oxazolidinone		metabolite
2-naphthylisothiocyanate
[no description available]		2.4620
atovaquone
Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.		4.2550hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
bendamustine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.5520
n-(hydroxymethyl)nicotinamide
N-(hydroxymethyl)nicotinamide: structure		2.0110pyridinecarboxamide
rivastigmine
[no description available]		3.8530carbamate ester;
tertiary amino compound		cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
frovatriptan
[no description available]		4.0840carbazoles
eletriptan
eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.		3.5820indoles;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfone		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone
[no description available]		4.6680aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug
tamiflu
[no description available]		2.0810phosphate salt
bexarotene
[no description available]		3.8730benzoic acids;
naphthalenes;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent
s20098
[no description available]		2.0810acetamides
flunisolide
flunisolide: flunisolide HFA is a formulation of flunisolide using hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) as propellant in place of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ones		2.452011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
chloroquine diphosphate
[no description available]		2.4620
orphenadrine citrate
orphenadrine citrate : A citrate salt which comprises equimolar amounts of orphenadrine and citric acid.		2.4620citrate saltH1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
ketorolac tromethamine
Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.		2.7630organoammonium saltanalgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
clarithromycin
Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.		4.6680macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
xenobiotic
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		3.3603-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
n-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide
N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide: nephrotoxic; post-treatment enhanced induction of renal cell tumors in rats by dimethylnitrosamine, pre-treatment inhibited induction of tumors, & alone caused interstitial nephritis but no tumors		2.4620pyrrolidines
moexipril
[no description available]		3.5620peptide
phentolamine mesylate
[no description available]		2.4620
oxybutynin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochloride
homocysteine
Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.		8.7821amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine;
serine family amino acid		fundamental metabolite;
mouse metabolite
methylglucoside
[no description available]		1.9910
1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene
[no description available]		2.0510secondary alcohol
gliquidone
gliquidone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0810isoquinolines
cordium
bepridil hydrochloride monohydrate : The hydrochloride monohydrate of bepridril.		2.4620hydrate;
hydrochloride
mci 9038
[no description available]		3.5820peptide
lopinavir
[no description available]		2.4720amphetamines;
dicarboxylic acid diamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
phosphoramide mustard
[no description available]		4.8460nitrogen mustard;
phosphorodiamide
cellulose sulfate
cellulose sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; vaginal gel being developed as both a contraceptive and blockage to STD somewhat like nonoxynol-9		2.0310ether;
flavonoids
4-hydroxycyclophosphamide
4-hydroxycyclophosphamide: primary activation metabolite of cyclophosphamide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide : A phosphorodiamide that consists of 2-amino-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-4-ol 2-oxide having two 2-chloroethyl groups attached to the exocyclic nitrogen.		2.8940nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound;
phosphorodiamide		alkylating agent;
metabolite
hydroperoxyisophosphamide
hydroperoxyisophosphamide: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.99140
isophosphamide mustard
isophosphamide mustard: antitumor metabolite of ifosfamide; palifosfamide-tris is a salt with tris; structure in first source		7.77302phosphorodiamide
n,n-diethylcyclophosphamide
N,N-diethylcyclophosphamide: structure given in first source		1.9810
moxifloxacin hydrochloride
moxifloxacin hydrochloride : A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of moxifloxacin and hydrogen chloride.		2.0810hydrochlorideantibacterial drug
cobalt
Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.		3.1810cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
fulvestrant
Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.		3.612017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist
mafosfamide
mafosfamide: RN given refers to cis-(+-)-isomer		11.4881
mizoribine
[no description available]		2.0810imidazolesanticoronaviral agent
fotemustine
fotemustine: structure given in first source. fotemustine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fotemustine. It is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of malignant melanoma.. diethyl (1-{[(2-chloroethyl)(nitroso)carbamoyl]amino}ethyl)phosphonate : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is ethyl diethylphosphonate in the hydrogen at position 1 of the ethyl group attached to the phosphorus has been replaced by a [(2-chloroethyl)(nitroso)carbamoyl]amino group.		3.0810N-nitrosoureas;
organic phosphonate;
organochlorine compound
wr 1065
WR-1065 : An alkanethiol that is the N-3-aminopropyl derivative of cysteamine. Used as the S-phosphorylated prodrug, amifostine, for cytoprotection in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.		4.3622alkanethiol;
diamine		antioxidant;
drug metabolite;
radiation protective agent
imipenem, anhydrous
Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.		2.7830beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carbapenems;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug
sr141716
[no description available]		2.4720amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazoles		anti-obesity agent;
appetite depressant;
CB1 receptor antagonist
bosentan anhydrous
Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.		4.6780primary alcohol;
pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
norverapamil
norverapamil: N-demethylated active metabolite of verapamil; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in second source. norverapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-norverapamil. The major active metabolite of verapamil.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A secondary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		2.1710aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
secondary amino compound
selenomethionine
[no description available]		2.0510amino acid zwitterion;
selenomethionine		plant metabolite
4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfonanilide
4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfonanilide: structure		3.0610
aldophosphamide
aldophosphamide: metabolite of cyclophosphamide		2.4220nitrogen mustard
racecadotril
racecadotril: parenterally active enkephalinase inhibitor		2.0810N-acyl-amino acid
perindopril
Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline		3.5920alpha-amino acid ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
asulacrine
asulacrine: derivative of amsacrine; structure given in first source		2.0410acridines
hydroxycotinine
hydroxycotinine: metabolite of nicotine; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. trans-3-hydroxycotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is cotinine substituted at position C-3 by a hydroxy group (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		2.0410N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid
fingolimod
fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.		2.0510aminodiol;
primary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
CB1 receptor antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
quinaprilat
quinaprilat: metabolite of quinapril. quinaprilat : A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril.		2.7430dicarboxylic acid;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
ramosetron
[no description available]		2.4420indoles
2-hydroxyimipramine
2-hydroxyimipramine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4520dibenzoazepine
ecteinascidin 743
[no description available]		12.62285acetate ester;
azaspiro compound;
bridged compound;
hemiaminal;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
lactone;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
organic sulfide;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
marine metabolite
deoxyglucose
Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.		2.0510
tadalafil
[no description available]		3.6120benzodioxoles;
pyrazinopyridoindole		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
dechloroethylcyclophosphamide
dechloroethylcyclophosphamide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd		11.44163phosphorodiamide
benzyloxyresorufin
[no description available]		2.0310
paliperidone
3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.. paliperidone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia.		3.23101,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine;
secondary alcohol
nitisinone
[no description available]		3.5920(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
cyclohexanones;
mesotrione		EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
plavix
[no description available]		2.0810azaheterocycle sulfate salt;
organoammonium sulfate salt		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
marimastat
marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
secondary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
dechloroethylifosfamide
dechloroethylifosfamide: RN given refers to parent cpd		6.55183organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
organophosphorus compound
clofarabine
[no description available]		5.750adenosines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
caprylates
Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.		1.9910fatty acid anion 8:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-methylcyclophosphamide
4-methylcyclophosphamide: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9810
muramylnac-ala-isogln-lys-tripeptide
muramylNAc-Ala-isoGln-Lys-tripeptide: Ala-Ala dipeptide is added to this tripeptide by MurF synthetase to make the peptidoglycan pentapeptide; often called muramyl tripeptide but that term is ambiguous, confused with other tripeptides of muramic acid; the phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate is sometimes used		5.7622
n'-(2-chloroethyl)-n-(2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl)-n'-nitrosourea
N'-(2-chloroethyl)-N-(2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl)-N'-nitrosourea: structure given in first source		2.0110
pramipexole
Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.		3.6120benzothiazoles;
diamine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
radical scavenger
valdecoxib
[no description available]		3.6120isoxazoles;
sulfonamide		antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mitiglinide
mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
imatinib mesylate
imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.		6.6100methanesulfonate saltanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
almotriptan
almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.		3.8530indoles;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amine		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
mk 0663
[no description available]		2.7430bipyridines;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gefitinib
[no description available]		4.5470aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine
N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.		2.0510adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organoiodine compound		adenosine A3 receptor agonist
technetium tc 99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate
technetium Tc 99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate: bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical		1.9810
desloratadine
desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.		3.6120benzocycloheptapyridineanti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist
carboxyifosfamide
carboxyifosfamide: structure given in first source		4.6261phosphorodiamide
desvenlafaxine
O-desmethylvenlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the drug venlafaxine.		3.2310cyclohexanols;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
methotrexate
[no description available]		22.91491144dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
cbm 4a
chlorobromofosfamide: the bromo analog of ifosfamide		3.2660
bromofosfamide
bromofosfamide: structure given in first source		5.9881
tamsulosin
[no description available]		4.42605-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamidealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
rufinamide
rufinamide: for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; structure in first source		3.2310aromatic amide;
heteroarene
antiprimod
azaspirane: structure given in first source		2.0510
sulbactam
[no description available]		2.9740penicillanic acids
7-ethoxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin
[no description available]		2.4320
olmesartan medoxomil
Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.		3.8730biphenyls
dexpanthenol
dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid		3.2310amino alcohol;
monocarboxylic acid amide		cholinergic drug;
provitamin
fosamprenavir
fosamprenavir: a prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir. fosamprenavir : A sulfonamide with a structure based on that of sulfanilamide substituted on the sulfonamide nitrogen by a (2R,3S)-4-phenyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-3-({[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)butyl group. It is a pro-drug of the HIV protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir.		3.2310sulfonamideprodrug
ilomastat
CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
L-tryptophan derivative;
N-acyl-amino acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
abiraterone
[no description available]		2.52203beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
pyridines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.99.9 (steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase) inhibitor
febuxostat
Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.		3.9301,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid;
aromatic ether;
nitrile		EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
dilevalol
(R,R)-labetalol : A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2R-configuration.		2.45202-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		2.0110amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
escitalopram
Escitalopram: S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.. escitalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.		3.23101-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrileantidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
lexapro
Lexapro: Trade name of escitalopram, the active S-enantiomer of the racemic citalopram.		2.0810
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin: structure in first source. pralatrexate : A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.		3.2310N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pteridines;
terminal acetylenic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
docetaxel
[no description available]		3.360hydrate;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		16.558935secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
irofulven
irofulven: structure in first source		2.0410cyclohexenones
atazanavir
atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).		3.5920carbohydrazideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
ym 872
YM 872: structure in first source		2.0410
cositecan
cositecan: structure in first source		2.0510pyranoindolizinoquinoline
nsc-141549
[no description available]		2.4620
levofloxacin
Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.		4.76909-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
aclacinomycin
aklavin: antibiotic prepared from culture liquids of streptomycete (A 1129); possessing antiphage activity; structure. aclacinomycin T : An anthracycline that is aklavinone having an alpha-L-rhodosaminyl residue attached at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.		3.0610aminoglycoside;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
methyl ester;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols;
polyketide;
tertiary alcohol;
tetracenequinones;
zwitterion		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
ezetimibe
Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).		3.8730azetidines;
beta-lactam;
organofluorine compound		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite
ertapenem
Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.		3.5820carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial drug
dx 8951
[no description available]		2.4420pyranoindolizinoquinoline
cox 189
lumiracoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor. lumiracoxib : An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity.		4.0940amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cilomilast
[no description available]		2.7430methoxybenzenes
conivaptan
conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).		4.0840benzazepineaquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
cariporide
cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0510
tezosentan
tezosentan: structure in first source		2.4520
sabarubicin
sabarubicin: structure given in first source		2.0410
moxifloxacin
Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.		4.2650aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
pyrrolidinopiperidine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug
pralnacasan
pralnacasan: NSAID, ICE inhibitor & metastasis inhibitor; RN & structure in first source		3.5920
clevidipine
clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source		3.5820dihydropyridine
jtt 501
JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source		2.0510
solifenacin
[no description available]		4.0840isoquinolines
dexmethylphenidate
dexmethylphenidate : A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have R configuration. It is the active enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate.		3.2310methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetateadrenergic agent
xamoterol
Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.		2.9740morpholines
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		4.7890methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
cinacalcet
cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
naphthalenes;
secondary amino compound		calcimimetic;
P450 inhibitor
hydroxyl radical
Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.		7.5520oxygen hydride;
oxygen radical;
reactive oxygen species
lubiprostone
[no description available]		3.2310
methyl 5-aminolevulinate
methyl 5-aminolevulinate: esterified form of aminolevulinic acid used as PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY. methyl 5-aminolevulinate : The methyl ester of 5-aminolevulinic acid. A prodrug, it is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizer, and is used in the photodynamic treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (including basal cell carcinoma). Topical application (often as the hydrochloride salt) results in an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the skin lesions to which the cream has been applied. Subsequent illumination with red light results in the generation of toxic singlet oxygen that destroys cell membranes and thereby kills the tumour cells.		2.0510delta-amino acid esterantineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug
olmesartan
olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866		2.0510biphenylyltetrazoleangiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
camphora
camphora: a component of Guanxingao, a kind of traditional Chinese rubber electuary medicine which is able to either cure or guard against coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. (R)-camphor : The (R)- enantiomer of camphor.		2.0110camphor
telbivudine
[no description available]		3.6120pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
fenton's reagent
Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols		1.9910
cyc 202
seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.		2.05102,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
tevenel
tevenel: sulfamoyl analog of D-threo-chloramphenicol; structure		2.0110sulfonamide
fluoracizine
fluoracizine: Russian drug; 2-trifluoromethyl analog of chloracizine; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0110phenothiazines
abanoquil
[no description available]		2.0410
paromomycin
Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		3.8730amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
anidulafungin
Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.		3.5820antibiotic antifungal drug;
azamacrocycle;
echinocandin;
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
semisynthetic derivative
avasimibe
[no description available]		2.0510monoterpenoid
technetium tc 99m pentetate
Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate: A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.		3.3911
aminopterin
Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.		3.0910dicarboxylic acidEC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
mutagen
17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate
17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS.		3.2310corticosteroid hormone
varenicline
Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.		3.2310
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		2.7530biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		1.9810amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
fiduxosin
fiduxosin: fiduxosin (ABT-980) is the (3aR,9bR)-isomer; structure in first source		3.5920
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		4.6780
ropivacaine
Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.		2.4320piperidinecarboxamide;
ropivacaine		local anaesthetic
erlotinib
[no description available]		3.5920aromatic ether;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
terminal acetylenic compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist;
protein kinase inhibitor
melagatran
[no description available]		2.7430azetidines;
carboxamidine;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
secondary amino compound		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
serine protease inhibitor
aflatoxin b1
Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.		2.9940aflatoxin;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone		carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite
carbocysteine
Carbocysteine: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.. S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		4.0440L-cysteine thioether;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		mucolytic
etravirine
[no description available]		3.2310aminopyrimidine;
aromatic ether;
dinitrile;
organobromine compound		antiviral agent;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
troleandomycin
Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.		3.6290acetate ester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyketide;
semisynthetic derivative		EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor;
xenobiotic
dronedarone
Dronedarone: A non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA.. dronedarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		3.23101-benzofurans;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
tesaglitazar
tesaglitazar: structure in first source		2.7430
ramelteon
ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist		3.6120indanes
lapatinib
[no description available]		4.140furans;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
quinazolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
darunavir
Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.		3.2310carbamate ester;
furofuran;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
deferasirox
Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.		4.0940benzoic acids;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols;
triazoles		iron chelator
bms204352
BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source		2.4620
fosfluconazole
fosfluconazole: prodrug of fluconazole		2.0410conazole antifungal drug;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		prodrug
tbc-11251
sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source		3.8730benzodioxoles
tolvaptan
[no description available]		3.8930benzazepine;
benzenedicarboxamide		aquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
sorafenib
[no description available]		6.5372(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
lenalidomide
[no description available]		7.9172aromatic amine;
dicarboximide;
isoindoles;
piperidones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator
regadenoson
[no description available]		3.2310purine nucleoside
lacosamide
Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.		3.6120N-acyl-amino acid
cp 101,606
traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source		2.4520
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer
Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.		2.05103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
C29-steroid;
phytosterols;
stigmastane sterol		anticholesteremic drug;
antioxidant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
estradiol 3-benzoate
17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.		2.021017beta-hydroxy steroid;
benzoate ester		estrogen receptor agonist;
xenoestrogen
fludrocortisone acetate
fludrocortisone acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the primary hydroxy group of fludrocortisone with acetic acid. A synthetic corticosteroid, it has glucocorticoid actions about 10 times as potent as hydrocortisone, while its mineralocorticoid actions are over 100 times as potent. It is used in partial replacement therapy for primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency in Addison's disease and for the treatment of salt-losing adrenal hyperplasia.		2.462011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
fluorinated steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
vincaleukoblastine
[no description available]		3.6120acetate ester;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite
vincristine sulfate
[no description available]		2.7630organic sulfate saltantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		3.0910
benzarone
benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure		4.1401-benzofurans
nsc-89199
estramustine phosphate : A steroid phosphate which is the 17-O-phospho derivative of estramustine.		2.4520carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
steroid phosphate
estramustine
Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.		11.296117beta-hydroxy steroid;
carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
radiation protective agent
phenethicillin
phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group.		2.0410penicillin allergen;
penicillin
noscapine
Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.		2.0510aromatic ether;
benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
cyclic acetal;
isobenzofuranone;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antitussive;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
homoharringtonine
Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.		2.0510alkaloid ester;
enol ether;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
protein synthesis inhibitor
acivicin
[no description available]		2.7430isoxazoles;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		antileishmanial agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor;
glutamine antagonist;
metabolite
4-hydroxyifosfamide
[no description available]		7.16215ifosfamides
wortmannin
[no description available]		2.0810acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
delta-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Penicillium metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent
adozelesin
[no description available]		3.0910
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination
Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.		3.8621
acylfulvene
acylfulvene: an antineoplastic agent; structure given in first source; an analog of illudin		3.110
nsc 638718
ecteinascidin 729: a complex structure that includes isoquinolines joined by a cyclic ester; Guanine N2 alkylator with potent antiproliferative activity; a marine natural product from Ecteinascidia turbinata; metabolite of ecteinascidin-743		2.0210
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol
O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.		2.0510carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor;
retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
bortezomib
[no description available]		9.21125amino acid amide;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
protease inhibitor;
proteasome inhibitor
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		4.861001,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
nexavar
[no description available]		2.0510organosulfonate salt
carboplatin
[no description available]		23.94651271
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		2.7530D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
carnosine
polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth		7.2510amino acid zwitterion;
dipeptide		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
naringenin
(S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.		1.9810(2S)-flavan-4-one;
naringenin		expectorant;
plant metabolite
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
ouabain
Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.		6.951011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid hormone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
plant metabolite
puromycin
[no description available]		2.7930puromycinsantiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor;
nucleoside antibiotic;
protein synthesis inhibitor
pentostatin
Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.		5.4680coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
taurolithocholic acid
Taurolithocholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurolithocholic acid : The bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid.		2.0510bile acid taurine conjugate;
monocarboxylic acid amide		human metabolite
(+)-limonene
(4R)-limonene : An optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration.		2.4620limoneneplant metabolite
arbutin
hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.0110beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
quinidine
Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.		4.7690cinchona alkaloidalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist;
P450 inhibitor;
potassium channel blocker;
sodium channel blocker
meropenem
Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.		4.4160alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
organic sulfide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
griseofulvin
Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.		4.55701-benzofurans;
antibiotic antifungal drug;
benzofuran antifungal drug;
organochlorine compound;
oxaspiro compound		antibacterial agent;
Penicillium metabolite
cefoxitin
Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.		4.2550beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
cephamycin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
digitoxin
Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.		2.7530cardenolide glycosideEC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
moxalactam disodium
[no description available]		2.4620
saquinavir
Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.		4.6780L-asparagine derivative;
quinolines		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
pancuronium
Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.		3.5820acetate ester;
steroid ester		cholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
rocuronium
Rocuronium: An androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM.. rocuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.		2.04103alpha-hydroxy steroid;
acetate ester;
androstane;
morpholines;
quaternary ammonium ion;
tertiary amino compound		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
abacavir
abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.		4.55702,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
drug allergen;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
netilmicin
Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.		2.9540
trimethaphan camsylate
trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan.		2.0510
perindopril erbumine
[no description available]		2.0810addition compoundantihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
miglitol
[no description available]		4.2650piperidines
mometasone furoate
Mometasone Furoate: A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders.		2.462011beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-furoate ester;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
organochlorine compound;
steroid ester		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
metyrosine
alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine : An L-tyrosine derivative that consists of L-tyrosine bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 2. An inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with pheochromocytoma.		3.8530L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor
rocuronium bromide
rocuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.		2.4520organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
nortriptyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620organic tricyclic compoundgeroprotector
erythromycin estolate
Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.		2.7530aminoglycoside sulfate salt;
erythromycin derivative		enzyme inhibitor
kanamycin sulfate
[no description available]		2.4620aminoglycoside sulfate saltantibacterial drug;
geroprotector
paromomycin sulfate
paromomycin sulfate : An aminoglycoside sulfate salt resulting from the treatment of paromomycin with sulfuric acid. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		2.4620
terconazole
terconazole: structure & RN for (cis)-isomer from first source. terconazole : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (2R,4S)- and (2S,4R)-terconazole. It has broad-spectrum antifungal activitiy and is used for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections (Candida).. (2R,4S)-terconazole : A 1-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine in which positions 2 and 4 of the 1,3-dioxolane moiety have R and S configuration, respectively.		2.02101-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine
bacampicillin
bacampicillin: ester prodrug that is hydrolyzed to ampicillin after its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bacampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the 1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a semi-synthetic, microbiologically inactive prodrug of ampicillin.		2.0210penicillanic acid esterprodrug
linezolid
[no description available]		4.4360acetamides;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
oxazolidinone		antibacterial drug;
protein synthesis inhibitor
naringin
[no description available]		710(2S)-flavan-4-one;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
neohesperidoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
gingerol
gingerol: an active ingredient in GINGER along with SHOGAOL. a nonvolatile methoxy phenyl decanone. gingerol : A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger.		7.610beta-hydroxy ketone;
guaiacols		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
cyclopamine
[no description available]		2.0510piperidinesglioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
devazepide
Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.		2.05101,4-benzodiazepinone;
indolecarboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
gastrointestinal drug
chloramphenicol palmitate
chloramphenicol palmitate: RN given refers to ((R-(R*,R*))-isomer)		2.4620hexadecanoate ester
clindamycin phosphate
[no description available]		3.2310
calcium pantothenate
[no description available]		2.4620polymer
pemirolast potassium salt
[no description available]		2.0810
eplerenone
Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		3.61203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
epoxy steroid;
gamma-lactone;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid acid ester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
tolterodine
[no description available]		4.2650tertiary amineantispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant
doxorubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530anthracycline
erythromycin ethylsuccinate
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.		2.4420cyclic ketone;
erythromycin derivative;
ethyl ester;
succinate ester
amcinonide
amcinonide: structure		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
spiroketal		anti-inflammatory drug
betamethasone acetate
[no description available]		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
acetate ester;
fluorinated steroid;
steroid ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
ao 128
AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source		2.4720organic molecular entity
loteprednol etabonate
Loteprednol Etabonate: An androstadiene derivative corticosteroid that is used as an ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic eye conditions.		2.081011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
etabonate ester;
organochlorine compound;
steroid acid ester;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
darifenacin
darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.		3.58201-benzofurans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidines		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
fluticasone propionate
fluticasone propionate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity.		2.462011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester;
thioester		adrenergic agent;
anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
dermatologic drug
acarbose
[no description available]		3.1450amino cyclitol;
glycoside
maleic acid
maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.		2.7230butenedioic acidalgal metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		4.4160retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		7.0310resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		3.5920retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
1,2-dilauroylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-dilauroylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+) : A A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+) that is the dilauroyl diester of phosphatidiylcholine.		1.99101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+)
cyanoginosin lr
cyanoginosin LR: cyclic heptapeptide from cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. microcystin-LR : A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl,L-arginyl, 2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. Produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, it is the most studied of the microcystins.		2.4620microcystinbacterial metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.		2.0510D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
docosahexaenoate
efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.		2.0510docosahexaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		2.0510octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.		4.7890macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
pectins
Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.		3.110D-galactopyranuronic acid
cerivastatin
cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		3.360dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pyridines;
statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin
rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		4.2650dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidines;
statin (synthetic);
sulfonamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antilipemic drug;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		2.7430benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.		2.0510icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		4.08402-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
xenobiotic
mupirocin
Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.		2.4520alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester;
epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid;
oxanes;
secondary alcohol;
triol		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		4.2650
brivudine
brivudine: anti-herpes agent		2.0110
fosfomycin
Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.		4.460epoxide;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax
Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.		4.7690macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
drf 2725
ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma		2.7530
diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.		4.0731olefinic compound;
polyphenol		antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
bms 214662
7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine: a farnesyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source. BMS-214662 : A member of the class of benzodiazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine substituted by (1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, benzyl, (thiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl, and cyano groups at positions 1, 3R, 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (IC50 = 1.35nM) which was under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors.		2.0410benzenes;
benzodiazepine;
imidazoles;
nitrile;
sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
octreotide
[no description available]		3.2310
eptifibatide
[no description available]		3.5820homodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
organic disulfide		anticoagulant;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
alitretinoin
Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.		2.0510retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
metabolite;
retinoid X receptor agonist
h 89
N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		2.110N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
gs 4071
GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.		2.7430acetate ester;
amino acid;
cyclohexenecarboxylic acid;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
aclarubicin
Aclarubicin: An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity.. aclacinomycin A : An anthracycline antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces galilaeus and also has potent antineoplastic activity.		5.3741aminoglycoside;
anthracycline;
methyl ester;
phenols;
polyketide;
tetracenequinones;
trisaccharide derivative;
zwitterion		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
decitabine
[no description available]		4.26502'-deoxyribonucleoside
sm 8668
Sch 39304: Sch 42427 is the active entantiomer of the antifungal agent Sch 39304 which consists of Sch 42426 & Sch 42427; Sch 42426, the (S,S)-isomer, is inactive		2.4520
teniposide
[no description available]		4.5470aromatic ether;
beta-D-glucoside;
cyclic acetal;
furonaphthodioxole;
gamma-lactone;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
troxacitabine
troxacitabine: shows good anti-HIV activity without cytotoxicity		3.5220carbohydrate derivative;
nucleobase-containing molecular entity
valrubicin
[no description available]		2.4720anthracycline;
trifluoroacetamide
ketoconazole
(2R,4S)-ketoconazole : A cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine which dioxolane moiety has (2R,4S)-configuration.		2.1310cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine
cefamandole
Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.		2.7330cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		18.9221155actinomycinmutagen
tiazofurin
tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).		2.45201,3-thiazoles;
C-glycosyl compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
prodrug
azaserine
Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.		2.4620carboxylic ester;
diazo compound;
L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antifungal agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
glutamine antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		15.738927L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
sitafloxacin
[no description available]		2.7430fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolines;
quinolone antibiotic
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		4.4260nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
posaconazole
[no description available]		3.6120aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxolanes;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		trypanocidal drug
dibekacin
Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.		2.0410kanamycinsantibacterial agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
rubitecan
rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.		2.4720C-nitro compound;
delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
semisynthetic derivative;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
micafungin
Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.		3.8630antibiotic antifungal drug;
echinocandin		antiinfective agent
riboflavin
vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).		3.5920flavin;
vitamin B2		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fundamental metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
potassium permanganate
Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)		3.0610
sodium bicarbonate
Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.		4.0440one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antacid;
food anticaking agent
sodium acetate, anhydrous
Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.		2.0510organic sodium saltNMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate
Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.		2.0510organic sodium saltalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
arsenic trioxide
Tetraarsenic Oxide: A form of As2O3 that exists as As4O6 in the solid state. It dissociates to As2O3 upon heating to the vapor phase above 800 degrees Celsius.		3.8630arsenic oxideantineoplastic agent;
insecticide
dipyrone
Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.		2.0510organic sodium saltanti-inflammatory agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug;
prodrug
ditiocarb sodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.		4.21502-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
idarubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620anthracycline
sch 22219
alclometasone dipropionate : A prednisolone compound having an alpha-chloro substituent at the 7-position, an alpha-methyl substituent at the 16-position and O-propanoyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
sr 90107
fondaparinux sodium : An organic sodium salt, being the decasodium salt of fondaparinux.		3.2310
carbenoxolone sodium
Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.		2.4620triterpenoid
carbenoxolone
[no description available]		2.0510
meglumine iodipamide
[no description available]		3.2310organoammonium saltradioopaque medium
glycosides
[no description available]		3.1810
squalene
Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate		3.3911triterpenehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.		2.0310stilbene
thyrotropin-releasing hormone
PR 546: no other info available 9/89. protirelin : A tripeptide composed of L-pyroglutamyl, L-histidyl and L-prolinamide residues joined in sequence.		3.2310peptide hormone;
tripeptide		human metabolite
discodermolide
[no description available]		2.0510diterpenoid
cannabidiol
Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.		2.4420olefinic compound;
phytocannabinoid;
resorcinols		antimicrobial agent;
plant metabolite
malonyl coenzyme a
Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.		2.110malonyl-CoAsEC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
buprenorphine
Buprenorphine: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.. buprenorphine : A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.		7.0310morphinane alkaloiddelta-opioid receptor antagonist;
kappa-opioid receptor antagonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
arginine vasopressin
Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.		8.8230vasopressincardiovascular drug;
hematologic agent;
mitogen
s 1033
[no description available]		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
imidazoles;
pyridines;
pyrimidines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
mezlocillin
Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		2.7330penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
trilostane
trilostane: inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone; adrenal blocking agent used in treatment of Cushing's syndrome. trilostane : An epoxy steroid that is 3,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androst-2-ene-2-carbonitrile in which the oxygen of the epoxy group is joined to the 4alpha and 5 alpha positions.		2.081017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
epoxy steroid;
nitrile		abortifacient;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.210 [3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase] inhibitor
cholinophyllin
[no description available]		2.0210
tropisetron
Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.		4.6532indolyl carboxylic acid
leuprolide acetate
leuprolide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining the nonapeptide leuprolide with acetic acid. A long lasting GnRH analog, LH-Rh agonist. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		2.0810acetate saltantineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
leuprolide
Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		2.7630oligopeptideanti-estrogen;
antineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
fludarabine
[no description available]		8.63113purine nucleoside
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		4.6680pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
ipratropium bromide anhydrous
[no description available]		2.0210
prothionamide
Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.		2.0510pyridines
sesquiterpenes
[no description available]		3.5320
etomidate
Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.		4.0640ethyl ester;
imidazoles		intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.		7.7201aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
cinromide
[no description available]		2.0110cinnamamides;
secondary carboxamide
levosulpiride
(S)-(-)-sulpiride : An optically active form of sulpiride having (S)-configuration. The active enantiomer of the racemic drug sulpiride. Selective D2-like dopamine antagonist (Ki values are ~ 0.015. ~ 0.013, 1, ~ 45 and ~ 77 muM at D2, D3, D4, D1 and D5 receptors respectively).		2.0810sulpirideantidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
pyrantel
Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.		3.23101,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines;
carboxamidine;
thiophenes		antinematodal drug
cotinine
Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.		2.4520N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid		antidepressant;
biomarker;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
flunarizine
Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.		2.0110diarylmethane
thiothixene
[no description available]		4.0740N-methylpiperazineanticoronaviral agent
eszopiclone
Eszopiclone: A pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA.. eszopiclone : The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use.		3.6120zopiclonecentral nervous system depressant;
sedative
hc 030031
2-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-7H-purin-7-yl)-N-(4-isopropylphenyl)acetamide: a TRPA1 channel blocker		2.0810
benztropine
Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.		4.2550diarylmethane
methimazole
Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.		4.55701,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thionesantithyroid drug
urb 597
cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3'-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester: a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0310biphenyls
cinnarizine
Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.		2.4820diarylmethane;
N-alkylpiperazine;
olefinic compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
sulindac
Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.		4.6780monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		analgesic;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.		2.7530capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
enclomiphene
Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.		2.0210
terbinafine
[no description available]		4.0740acetylenic compound;
allylamine antifungal drug;
enyne;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
epalrestat
epalrestat : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid;
thiazolidines		EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
drotaverin
drotaverin: Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.9740isoquinolines
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		8.111732-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride
(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.4620hydrochloride
tacrine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510
sodium propionate
sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.		2.0510organic sodium saltantifungal drug;
food preservative
thioacetamide
Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.		2.4620thiocarboxamidehepatotoxic agent
succimer
Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.		3.8130dicarboxylic acid;
dithiol;
sulfur-containing carboxylic acid		chelator
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		4.7790cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
streptozocin
[no description available]		4.5470
tamoxifen
[no description available]		9.75264stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
nadp
[no description available]		2.3920
ethionamide
Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.		3.8530pyridines;
thiocarboxamide		antilipemic drug;
antitubercular agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor;
leprostatic drug;
prodrug
cancidas
[no description available]		3.5820
fusidic acid
Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.		2.472011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
steroid acid;
steroid antibiotic;
sterol ester		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
lincomycin
Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.		3.5820carbohydrate-containing antibiotic;
L-proline derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
S-glycosyl compound		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
valinomycin
Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.		2.0810cyclodepsipeptide;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
antiviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
thiopental
Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		2.4520barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative;
xenobiotic
estrone sulfate
estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.051017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ranitidine
Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.		3.6320C-nitro compound;
furans;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
H2-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
aplaviroc
aplaviroc: a spiro-diketo-piperazine; a potent noncompetitive allosteric antagonist of the CCR5 receptor with concomitantly potent antiviral effects for HIV-1; structure in first source		3.5920
hmr 3647
[no description available]		4.5570
latoconazole
latoconazole: RN refers to cpd without isomeric designation; latoconazole is (E)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug
maraviroc
[no description available]		3.8830tropane alkaloid
toremifene citrate
[no description available]		2.0810stilbenoidanticoronaviral agent
toremifene
Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.		10.4441aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amine		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
telaprevir
[no description available]		2.0510cyclopentapyrrole;
cyclopropanes;
oligopeptide;
pyrazines		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
nelarabine
nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).		3.8730beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
prodrug
2-[(2-ethoxyphenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine
[no description available]		2.7430aromatic ether
fosfestrol
fosfestrol: Rx of prostatic carcinoma; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure		3.7721aryl phosphate
albutoin
albutoin: structure		2.0110organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
dermatan sulfate
Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.		3.2310amino disaccharide;
glycosylgalactose derivative;
iduronic acids;
oligosaccharide sulfate
dezocine
dezocine: potent analgesic; RN given refers to ((5R-(5alpha,11alpha,13S*)))-isomer (dezocin); structure. dezocine : (7S,8S)-7-Amino-8-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol in which the hydrogen at position 8 and one of the hydrogens at position 6 are substituted by each end of a tetramethylene bridge. A synthetic opioid analgesic, it has mixed opiod agonist and antagonist properties. Although it is used for pain management, it can produce opioid withdrawal syndrome in patients already dependent on other opioids, and its clinical application is limited by side effects such as dizziness.		2.0210phenols;
primary amino compound		opioid analgesic
adrafinil
[no description available]		2.0110diarylmethane
dapiprazole
[no description available]		2.0210N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyridines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antipsychotic agent;
miotic;
ophthalmology drug
nizatidine
Nizatidine: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist with low toxicity that inhibits gastric acid secretion. The drug is used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers.. nizatidine : A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles having a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at position 2 and an alkylthiomethyl moiety at position 4.		2.1310
droloxifene
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
dolasetron
[no description available]		3.5820indolyl carboxylic acid
or 1259
[no description available]		2.4520hydrazone;
nitrile;
pyridazinone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
gestodene
Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer		2.7530steroidestrogen
orlistat
Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.		4.2850beta-lactone;
carboxylic ester;
formamides;
L-leucine derivative		anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
idoxifene
idoxifene: structure given in first source		2.0510stilbenoid
quinine
[no description available]		4.5570cinchona alkaloidantimalarial;
muscle relaxant;
non-narcotic analgesic
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester
[no description available]		2.110
isepamicin
[no description available]		2.0410
ifetroban
ifetroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a 7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane derivative		2.0410benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
lamifiban
lamifiban: a nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist; prevents platelet loss during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass		2.0410N-acylglycine
fospropofol
[no description available]		3.2310alkylbenzene
azilect
[no description available]		2.0810
rasagiline
[no description available]		3.2310indanes;
secondary amine;
terminal acetylenic compound		EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
dasatinib
N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).		3.61201,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
zd 6474
CH 331: structure in first source		2.0510aromatic ether;
organobromine compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines;
secondary amine		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
telavancin
telavancin: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. telavancin : A glycopeptide that is vancomycin substituted at position N-3'' by a 2-(decylamino)ethyl group and at position C-29 by a (phosphonomethyl)aminomethyl group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria.		2.0410glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
silybin
[no description available]		2.0510
alatrofloxacin
alatrofloxacin: prodrug of trovafloxacin		2.0610
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		2.0710
chloramine-t
chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.		2.0510organic sodium saltallergen;
antifouling biocide;
disinfectant
sitagliptin
sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		4.2650triazolopyrazine;
trifluorobenzene		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
hypoglycemic agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor;
xenobiotic
flosequinan
[no description available]		2.4420quinolines
tolcapone
Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.		4.77902-nitrophenols;
benzophenones;
catechols		antiparkinson drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
quercetin
[no description available]		2.46207-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
bilirubin
[no description available]		8.8730biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		2.7630prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
arachidonyltrifluoromethane
arachidonyltrifluoromethane: structure given in first source; inhibits 85-kDa phospholipase A2. AACOCF3 : A fatty acid derivative that is arachidonic acid in which the OH part of the carboxy group has been replaced by a trifluoromethyl group		2.110fatty acid derivative;
ketone;
olefinic compound;
organofluorine compound		EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor
linoleic acid
Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.		2.0110octadecadienoic acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
plant metabolite
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		5.8971D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
beta carotene
beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.		2.0510carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		antioxidant;
biological pigment;
cofactor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
leukotriene b4
Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.		3.3711dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
leukotriene;
long-chain fatty acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasoconstrictor agent
retinol palmitate
retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.		2.4620all-trans-retinyl ester;
retinyl palmitate		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
alprostadil
[no description available]		2.7430prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
vitamin d 2
Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.		4.2750hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-ergostane;
vitamin D		bone density conservation agent;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
rodenticide
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		2.0510D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		11.0281antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid
Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.		2.9640oxapenamantibacterial drug;
anxiolytic drug;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort
Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.		4.547011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic acetal;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
drug allergen
oxymetholone
Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.		4.0940
eprosartan
eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.		4.5570dicarboxylic acid;
imidazoles;
thiophenes		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
montelukast
montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		4.7790aliphatic sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
mivacurium
Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.		3.5820isoquinolines
timolol maleate
(S)-timolol maleate : The maleic acid salt of the active (S)-enantiomer of timolol, comprising equimolar amounts of (S)-timolol and maleic acid.		2.4620maleate saltanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
brompheniramine maleate
brompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		2.7630maleate saltanti-allergic agent
chlorpheniramine maleate
[no description available]		2.4620organic molecular entity
clemastine fumarate
clemastine fumarate : The fumaric acid salt of clemastine. An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.		2.4620fumarate saltanti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
dexchlorpheniramine maleate
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
olopatadine
[no description available]		2.0210
methylergonovine maleate
[no description available]		2.4620ergoline alkaloidgeroprotector
hemabate
carboprost tromethamine : The tromethamine salt of carboprost. It is used as an abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.		3.2310
mycophenolate mofetil
mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		3.8730carboxylic ester;
ether;
gamma-lactone;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
bw b1090u
[no description available]		2.0210isoquinolines
entacapone
entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.		4.66802-nitrophenols;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol
[no description available]		4.0840hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane		antiparathyroid drug
astaxanthine
astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.		2.0510carotenol;
carotenone		animal metabolite;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
food colouring;
plant metabolite
7-hydroxycoumarin
7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.		2.110hydroxycoumarinfluorescent probe;
food component;
plant metabolite
diosmin
[no description available]		2.0510dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone;
rutinoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant
morin
morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.		3.04307-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
cynarine
cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent		2.0510alkyl caffeate ester;
quinic acid		plant metabolite
caffeic acid phenethyl ester
phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.		7.1310alkyl caffeate esteranti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
maytansine
Maytansine: An ansa macrolide isolated from the MAYTENUS genus of East African shrubs.. maytansine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound and 19-membered macrocyclic lactam antibiotic originally isolated from the Ethiopian shrub Maytenus serrata but also found in other Maytenus species. It exhibits cytotoxicity against many tumour cell lines.		3.0510alpha-amino acid ester;
carbamate ester;
epoxide;
maytansinoid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organochlorine compound		antimicrobial agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
flupenthixol
cis-flupenthixol : A flupenthixol in which the double bond adopts a cis-configuration.		2.0510flupenthixoldopaminergic antagonist
sdz psc 833
valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215		2.4520homodetic cyclic peptide
estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide
17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid : A steroid glucosiduronic acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having a beta-glucuronyl residue attached at position 17 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.46203-hydroxy steroid;
steroid glucosiduronic acid
l 660,711
[no description available]		2.0810quinolines
coenzyme q10
coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.		2.0510ubiquinonesantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite
travoprost
Travoprost: A cloprostenol derivative that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.. travoprost : The isopropyl ester of prostaglandin F2alpha in which the pentyl group is replaced by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxymethyl group. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha, ophthalmic solutions of travoprost are used as a topical medication for controlling the progression of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. It is a pro-drug; the isopropyl ester group is hydrolysed by esterases in the cornea to the biologically active free acid, fluprostenol.		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
ophthalmology drug;
prodrug;
prostaglandin receptor agonist
tranilast
tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.		2.4720amidobenzoic acid;
cinnamamides;
dimethoxybenzene;
secondary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
calcium channel blocker;
hepatoprotective agent;
nephroprotective agent
gemeprost
gemeprost: used for preoperative dilation of cervix before surgical abortion; RN given refers to (2E,11alpha,13E,15R)-isomer		2.0110aliphatic alcohol
7432 s
Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.		3.5620cephalosporin;
dicarboxylic acid		antibacterial drug
imipenem
[no description available]		2.0810carbapenems
etretinate
retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.		2.7430enoate ester;
ethyl ester;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
isotretinoin
Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.		6.8102retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
teratogenic agent
misoprostol
Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.		4.3341
ketotifen fumarate
ketotifen fumarate : An organoammonium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of ketotifen(1+) and fumarate(1-) ions. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is a non-bronchodilator anti-asthmatic drug.		2.0810organoammonium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
epoprostenol
[no description available]		3.5620prostaglandins Imouse metabolite
indocyanine green
[no description available]		3.58201,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
dinoprost tromethamine
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
ozagrel
ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer		2.0510cinnamic acids
triprolidine
Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.		3.2310N-alkylpyrrolidine;
olefinic compound;
pyridines		H1-receptor antagonist
pitavastatin
pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.		3.5920cyclopropanes;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
quinolines;
statin (synthetic)		antioxidant
rosuvastatin calcium
S 4522: structure in first source		2.0810N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine-1-phosphoethanolamine;
organic calcium salt		anti-inflammatory agent;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor
zinostatin
Zinostatin: An enediyne that alkylates DNA and RNA like MITOMYCIN does, so it is cytotoxic.		4.4411
terbinafine hydrochloride
terbinafine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of terbinafine with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.		2.0810allylamine antifungal drug;
hydrochloride		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride
cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride : The dihydrochloride salt of cis-flupenthixol.		2.0510hydrochloridegeroprotector
ethamolin
monoethanolamine oleate: used for treatment of pyogenic granuloma		3.2310long-chain fatty acid
betamethasone benzoate
[no description available]		2.021021-hydroxy steroid
alatrofloxacin mesylate
[no description available]		3.5920
1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol
Peceol: lipid excipient containing readily dispersible mixture of mono- & diglycerides of oleic acid. 1-oleoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride where the acyl group is oleoyl.. monooleoylglycerol : A monoglyceride in which the acyl group is oleoyl with the position of acylation unspecified.		2.06101-acylglycerol 18:1;
monooleoylglycerol		plant metabolite
codeine
[no description available]		4.0840morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
cyclosporine
ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF		4.87100homodetic cyclic peptideanti-asthmatic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antirheumatic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
dermatologic drug;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
mitolactol
Mitolactol: Alkylating antineoplastic toxic to bone marrow; used in breast cancer, also in combination with other drugs.		9.2911alcohol;
organobromine compound
phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620organic molecular entity
phenylephrine hydrochloride
Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.		2.2510hydrochloride
natamycin
[no description available]		2.4720antibiotic antifungal drug;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyene antibiotic		antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial food preservative;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
ophthalmology drug
acitretin
Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.		4.4260acitretin;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
dorzolamide
dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		2.0210sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
dothiepin
[no description available]		2.0510dothiepin
estropipate
estropipate: used therapeutically in menopausal patients		3.2310piperazinium salt;
steroid sulfate
granisetron
Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.. granisetron : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.		6.9465aromatic amide;
indazoles
hydromorphone
Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.		3.8430morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
levetiracetam
Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.		4.0840pyrrolidin-2-onesanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ly 163892
loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.		4.0740carbacephem;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
nabilone
nabilone: cannabinol deriv; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.2310
nalmefene
nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer		3.360morphinane alkaloid
nalorphine
Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.		2.0510morphinane alkaloid
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		4.2650morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone
Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.		3.8530organic heteropentacyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
oxymorphone
Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)		3.5920morphinane alkaloid
vitamin k 1
Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.		3.2310phylloquinones;
vitamin K		cofactor;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
proscillaridin
Proscillaridin: A cardiotonic glycoside isolated from Scilla maritima var. alba (Squill).		1.9610organic molecular entity
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		12.7662antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
topiramate
Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.		4.460cyclic ketal;
ketohexose derivative;
sulfamate ester		anticonvulsant;
sodium channel blocker
trospium chloride
trospium chloride : An organic chloride salt of trospium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		3.2310
alvocidib
alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.		2.4520dihydroxyflavone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
seocalcitol
seocalcitol: structure given in first source		2.0510
fenretinide
Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid amide;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant
geldanamycin
[no description available]		2.05101,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
cysteine protease inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor
calcipotriene
[no description available]		2.0210cyclopropanes;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
triol		antipsoriatic;
drug allergen
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		4.2350morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
demycarosylturimycin h
[no description available]		2.4720
acipimox
acipimox: lipolysis inhibitor		2.0810pyrazinecarboxylic acid
atosiban
[no description available]		2.0810oligopeptide
benzphetamine
Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.		3.5920amphetamines;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
appetite depressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
sympathomimetic agent
bimatoprost
Bimatoprost: A cloprostenol-derived amide that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid amideantiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent
cicaprost
cicaprost: RN given refers to (3aS-(2E,3aalpha,4alpha(3R*,4R*),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer		2.0410monoterpenoid
clobetasol
Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
SMO receptor agonist
cloprostenol
Cloprostenol: A synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha analog. The compound has luteolytic effects and is used for the synchronization of estrus in cattle.		2.1110prostanoid
deamino arginine vasopressin
Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.		3.8730heterodetic cyclic peptidediagnostic agent;
renal agent;
vasopressin receptor agonist
dexmedetomidine
[no description available]		8.8630medetomidinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sedative
fluticasone
Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
thioester		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug
goserelin
Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.		3.2310organic molecular entity
halobetasol
halobetasol: used in ointment to treat psoriasis; Ulobetasol cream contains 0.05% 6-fluoroclobetasol 17-propionate		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
iloprost
Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.		2.4520carbobicyclic compound;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol		platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
latanoprost
Latanoprost: A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.. latanoprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		2.4520isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha;
triol		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
prodrug
nalbuphine
Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.		4.0640organic heteropentacyclic compoundmu-opioid receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
nateglinide
Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		4.2650phenylalanine derivative
rimexolone
[no description available]		2.021020-oxo steroid
vinorelbine
[no description available]		4.460acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
ring assembly;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
silodosin
silodosin: an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist; structure given in first source		3.2310indolecarboxamide
furazolidone
[no description available]		2.9640
fluvoxamine
Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.		4.2550(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
semaxinib
semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.		2.0510olefinic compound;
oxindoles;
pyrroles		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
orantinib
orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.		2.0510
su 11248
[no description available]		6.3361monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrroles		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
neuroprotective agent;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
mitoguazone
Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine.		15.06315guanidines;
hydrazone		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor
romidepsin
depsipeptide : A natural or synthetic compound having a sequence of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually alpha-amino and alpha-hydroxy acids), commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.		2.0410cyclodepsipeptide;
heterocyclic antibiotic;
organic disulfide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.		4.5470dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
indoles;
organofluorine compound
molsidomine
[no description available]		2.4720ethyl ester;
morpholines;
oxadiazole;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
oxiconazole
oxiconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer; structure given in first source. oxiconazole : An oxime O-ether that is the 2,4-dichlorobenzyl ether of the oxime obtained by formal condensation of hydroxylamine with the carbonyl group of acetopnenone in which the phenyl group is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 4, and in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a 1H-imidazol-1-yl group. An antifungal agent, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) in creams and powders for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.		2.0210conazole antifungal drug;
dichlorobenzene;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
oxime O-ether		antiinfective agent
octylmethoxycinnamate
[no description available]		2.4620cinnamate ester
levorphanol
Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.		3.2310morphinane alkaloid
strontium
Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.		1.9810alkaline earth metal atom
thallium
Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).		210boron group element atom
naltrexone
Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.		4.5470cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide
morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		2.0410morphinane alkaloid
dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.		3.59206-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthreneantitussive;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
oneirogen;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
gallium
Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.		9.13124boron group element atom
butorphanol
Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.		4.2550morphinane alkaloidantitussive;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
cefodizime
cefodizime: RN given refers to (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefodizime : A cephalosporin compound having 5-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.04101,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
methylnaltrexone
methylnaltrexone: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha)-isomer		2.0410phenanthrenes
cefixime
[no description available]		4.5470cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
lisinopril
Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		4.7690dipeptideEC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril
benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.		4.0740benzazepine;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
lactam		EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
ramipril
Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.		4.0840azabicycloalkane;
cyclopentapyrrole;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester		bradykinin receptor B2 agonist;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor;
prodrug
verteporfin
(2R,2(1)S)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid : The 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid.		3.2310
indinavir sulfate
Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.		4.6680dicarboxylic acid diamide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
piperazinecarboxamide		HIV protease inhibitor
zimeldine
Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)		3.8930styrenes
zr-512
ethyl-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate: an insect growth regulator; RN given refers to (E,E)-isomer. hydroprene : The ethyl ester of (2E,4E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoic acid		2.0110ethyl ester;
farnesane sesquiterpenoid		juvenile hormone mimic
enalapril maleate
enalapril maleate : The maleic acid salt of enalapril. It contains one molecule of maleic acid for each molecule of enalapril. Following oral administration, the ethyl ester group of enalapril is hydrolysed to afford the corresponding carboxylic acid, enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalapril is thus a prodrug for enalaprilat (which, unlike enalapril, is not absorbed by mouth), and its maleate is used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients.		2.0810maleate saltantihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
enalapril
Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).		4.0740dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
prodrug
vinblastine sulfate
[no description available]		2.4620
nitrofurazone
Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.		2.0510
trientine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.8630
n-methylscopolamine bromide
scopolamine methobromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide.		3.2310
ternatin (flavonoid)
ternatin (flavonoid): from Sceptridium ternatum; also isolated from Egletes viscosa; structure in first source		2.0210ether;
flavonoids
bleomycin
[no description available]		3.5920bleomycinantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		6.4863cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		7.940monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
dextromethorphan hydrobromide
dextromethorphan hydrobromide : The hydrobromide and monohydrate of the antitussive drug dextromethorphan.		2.4620hydrate;
hydrobromide
indinavir sulfate
[no description available]		2.0510azaheterocycle sulfate salt
enalaprilat anhydrous
Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.		4.4160dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
imidapril
imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.		2.0510dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
imidazolidines;
N-acylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
sulindac sulfone
sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfone		apoptosis inducer;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
ximelagatran
ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage.		4.0840amidoxime;
azetidines;
carboxamide;
ethyl ester;
hydroxylamines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary carboxamide		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
prodrug;
serine protease inhibitor
cefuroxime
[no description available]		4.25503-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin;
furans;
oxime O-ether		drug allergen
ceftriaxone
[no description available]		4.4601,2,4-triazines;
1,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime
Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.2550cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug
hr 810
cefpirome: structure in first source. cefpirome : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.0410cephalosporin;
cyclopentapyridine
pafuramidine
pafuramidine: a prodrug of furamidine		3.5920
ceftazidime
[no description available]		4.460cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
trandolapril
trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.		4.0840dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
pregabalin
Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.		3.6120gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker
cefetamet
cefetamet: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; structure given in first source. cefetamet : A cephalosporin compound having methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side-groups; a cephalosporin antibiotic active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.		2.7430cephalosporin
alvimopan anhydrous
alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain		3.6120peptide
aliskiren
aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position.		3.2310monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene		antihypertensive agent
guanabenz acetate
[no description available]		2.0510dichlorobenzenegeroprotector
guanabenz
Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.0210dichlorobenzene
famotidine
[no description available]		4.76901,3-thiazoles;
guanidines;
sulfonamide		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
fenoterol
fenoterol hydrobromide : The hydrobromide salt of fenoterol. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.		2.4620hydrobromidebeta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent
cefotaxime
Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.		4.25501,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
aztreonam
[no description available]		4.6580beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
monobactam		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
bisabolol
bisabolol: monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol with strong bacteriocidal effects, especilly against M. Tuberc.; isolated from seed plant Populus tacamacaha; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric desigation		2.0710
proguanil
Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.		2.0510biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
cci 15641
[no description available]		2.4520cephalosporin
rifamycin sv
rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.		2.0510acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol;
rifamycins		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
bacterial metabolite
ginkgolide b
[no description available]		2.4520
tetrodotoxin
Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.		2.0310azatetracycloalkane;
oxatetracycloalkane;
quinazoline alkaloid		animal metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
marine metabolite;
neurotoxin;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, drug combination
aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, simethicone drug combination: antacid contains aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and simethicone; mylanta II contains aluminum/magnesium hydroxide mixture		1.9810
cefpodoxime
[no description available]		3.5620carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
palonosetron
Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.		10.4641azabicycloalkane;
delta-lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antiemetic;
serotonergic antagonist
epoprostenol sodium
[no description available]		2.0510prostanoid
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate : A fumarate salt prepared from equimolar amounts of tenofovir disoproxil and fumaric acid. It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.0810fumarate saltantiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
cefatrizine
Cefatrizine: Orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity.. cefatrizine : A cephalosporin compound having (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]acetamido side-groups. An antibacterial drug first prepared in the 1970s, it has more recently been found to be an inhibitor of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), which is known to regulate apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in many types of human cancers.		2.7430amino acid amide;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
phenols;
semisynthetic derivative;
triazoles		antibacterial drug;
EC 2.7.11.20 (elongation factor 2 kinase) inhibitor
enclomiphene citrate
[no description available]		2.0510
diphenoxylate hydrochloride
diphenoxylate hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenoxylate.		2.4620hydrochlorideantidiarrhoeal drug
eniporide
eniporide: inhibits NHE-1 isoform; structure in first source		2.0410
dexbrompheniramine maleate
dexbrompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of the (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		2.0810brompheniramine maleateanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
cilastatin
[no description available]		2.4520carboxamide;
L-cysteine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organic sulfide		EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
rifaximin
[no description available]		3.6120acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative		antimicrobial agent;
gastrointestinal drug;
orphan drug
ergonovine maleate
ergometrine maleate : A maleate salt resulting form the reaction of equimolar amounts of maleic acid and ergometrine. It is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.		2.4620maleate saltdiagnostic agent;
oxytocic
everolimus
[no description available]		7.4442cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
ixabepilone
[no description available]		3.86301,3-thiazoles;
beta-hydroxy ketone;
epoxide;
lactam;
macrocycle		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
dirithromycin
[no description available]		2.0210macrolide antibioticprodrug
azlocillin
Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.		2.7430penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
verlukast
verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist		2.0410
cefpodoxime proxetil
cefpodoxime proxetil: structure given in first source; prodrug for cefpodoxime. cefpodoxime proxetil : The 1-[(isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy]ethyl (proxetil) ester prodrug of cefpodoxime. After swallowing, hydrolysis of the ester group occurs in the intestinal epithelium, to release active cefpodoxime in the bloodstream. It is used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis.		2.4520carboxylic acid;
carboxylic ester;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug;
prodrug
ceftizoxime
[no description available]		4.0640cephalosporinantibacterial drug
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide
[no description available]		3.5920ergot alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide		serotonergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
carumonam
carumonam: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3alpha(Z))-isomer. carumonam : An N-sulfonated monobactam antibiotic.		2.0410monobactamantibacterial drug
fluphenazine
[no description available]		2.0810
dantrolene sodium
dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene.		2.7530
nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.		4.86100imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
nifurtimox
Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.		2.0510nitrofuran antibiotic
peplomycin
Peplomycin: An antineoplastic agent derived from BLEOMYCIN.		7.89184glycopeptide
gadolinium dtpa
Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)		1.9810gadolinium coordination entityMRI contrast agent
eritoran
eritoran : A lipid A derivative used for the treatment of severe sepsis.		2.0410lipid As
dantrolene
[no description available]		4.0740
roxithromycin
(E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.		2.4720roxithromycinenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cefdinir
[no description available]		3.6120cephalosporin;
ketoxime		antibacterial drug
etonogestrel
[no description available]		3.231017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin
bisoprolol, fumarate (1:1) salt
[no description available]		2.0810
artesunate
artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether		2.4620artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
hemisuccinate;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
ferroptosis inducer
edatrexate
edatrexate: structure given in first source		3.0910glutamic acid derivative
beraprost
beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.		2.0510enyne;
monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary allylic alcohol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antihypertensive agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin receptor agonist;
vasodilator agent
lanreotide
[no description available]		2.0510
etoposide phosphate
[no description available]		4.3741furonaphthodioxole
dexniguldipine
niguldipine: structure given in first source; clinical modulator of multidrug resistance		2.0410diarylmethane
ciclesonide
ciclesonide: nasal spray approved for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis		2.0810organic molecular entity
perfosfamide
[no description available]		2.9140
napsagatran
napsagatran: structure given in first source		2.0410
temsirolimus
[no description available]		3.8730macrolide lactam
dutasteride
Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.		3.6120(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
ac 7700
AC 7700: a vascular disrupting agent; structure in first source		4.4111
tekturna
[no description available]		2.0810fumarate saltantihypertensive agent
lu 208075
ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension		4.140diarylmethane
bms188797
[no description available]		2.0410
bibx 1382bs
BIBX 1382BS: an ErbB receptor kinase inhibitor; no further information available 4/2001		3.5920substituted aniline
vildagliptin
[no description available]		2.0810amino acid amide
fesoterodine
fesoterodine: a muscarinic antagonist for treatment of overactive bladder		3.2310diarylmethane
panobinostat
Panobinostat: An indole and hydroxamic acid derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used as an antineoplastic agent in combination with BORTEZOMIB and DEXAMETHASONE for the treatment of MULTIPLE MYELOMA.. panobinostat : A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-3-[4-({[2-(2-methylindol-3-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor used (as its lactate salt) in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma.		4.4822cinnamamides;
hydroxamic acid;
methylindole;
secondary amino compound		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
acetylcarnitine
O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.		2.0510O-acetylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
taxane
taxane: produced by Taxomyces andreanae		4.6530diterpene;
terpenoid fundamental parent
chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.		2.0610biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent
sgd 301-76
[no description available]		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
organic nitrate salt		antiinfective agent
fluvoxamine maleate
[no description available]		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
thioacetazone
Thioacetazone: A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217). thiosemicarbazone : A hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with the non-thioacylated nitrogen of thiosemicarbazide or its substituted derivatives.		2.0810
nidroxyzone
nidroxyzone: structure		2.0110C-nitro compound;
furans
azimilide
azimilide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrochloride		2.4320imidazolidine-2,4-dione
nifurtoinol
nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group.		2.0510hydrazone;
imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
gemifloxacin
Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.		3.23101,8-naphthyridine derivative;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
dexlansoprazole
Dexlansoprazole: The R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.		3.6120benzimidazoles;
sulfoxide
gemifloxacin mesylate
gemifloxacin mesylate : The mesylate salt of gemifloxacin.		2.0810methanesulfonate saltantimicrobial agent;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fosinopril
[no description available]		3.8530
armodafinil
armodafinil : A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has R configuration at the sulfur atom. Like its racemate, modafinil, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. Peak concentration in the blood later occurs later following administration than with modafinil, so it is thought that armodafinil may be more effective than modafinil in treating people with excessive daytime sleepiness.		3.23102-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamidecentral nervous system stimulant;
eugeroic
eflucimibe
eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor		2.0510
tomopenem
[no description available]		2.4520
lenvatinib
lenvatinib : A member of the class of quinolines that is the carboxamide of 4-{3-chloro-4-[(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)amino]phenoxy}-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxylic acid. A multi-kinase inhibitor and orphan drug used (as its mesylate salt) for the treatment of various types of thyroid cancer that do not respond to radioiodine.		9.6211aromatic amide;
aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
quinolines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist;
orphan drug;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
sincalide
Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.		3.2310oligopeptide
tapentadol
Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.		3.2310alkylbenzene
etomoxir
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether
ursodoxicoltaurine
tauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.		2.0510bile acid taurine conjugateanti-inflammatory agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bone density conservation agent;
cardioprotective agent;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
bb-83698
BB-83698: peptide deformylase inhibitor		2.0410
pentagastrin
Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.		3.5920organic molecular entity
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		2.0310aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
cefditoren
cefditoren: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (6R-(3(Z),6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefditoren : A broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections.		3.2310carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
rivaroxaban
Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.		2.0810aromatic amide;
lactam;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound;
oxazolidinone;
thiophenes		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
zotarolimus
zotarolimus: synthetic analog of rapamycin; structure in first source		2.0410lactam;
macrolide
treosulfan
treosulfan: immunosuppressant; RN given refers to (S-(R*,R*))-isomer		3.4820methanesulfonate ester
molindone hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620indoles
gentamicin sulfate
[no description available]		3.1550
bn 52020
[no description available]		2.4520
hki 272
[no description available]		2.0810nitrile;
quinolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
sorbitan monooleate
[no description available]		2.1110fatty acid ester
tofacitinib
tofacitinib : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by an N-methyl,N-(1-cyanoacetyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)amino moiety. Used as its citrate salt to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis.		2.0810N-acylpiperidine;
nitrile;
pyrrolopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound		antirheumatic drug;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
pazopanib
pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.		9.4172aminopyrimidine;
indazoles;
sulfonamide		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
azd 6244
AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor		2.0510benzimidazoles;
bromobenzenes;
hydroxamic acid ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
prasugrel hydrochloride
Prasugrel Hydrochloride: A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.. prasugrel hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.		3.2310
amg 009
AMG 009: an anti-inflammatory agent; structure in first source		2.0810
vinflunine
vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group.		2.0510acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent
cefotaxime sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
baci-im
[no description available]		4.2650homodetic cyclic peptide;
polypeptide;
zwitterion		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent
bms 477118
[no description available]		3.2310adamantanes;
azabicycloalkane;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
tertiary alcohol		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
nystatin a1
Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.		3.8530nystatins
pirarubicin
[no description available]		7.05241anthracycline
er-086526
eribulin: a halichondrin B derivative that suppresses microtubule growth and acts as an antimitotic agent; structure in first source. eribulin : A fully synthetic macrocyclic ketone analogue of marine sponge natural products. Inhibits growth phase of microtubules via tubulin-based antimitotic mechanism, which leads to G2/M cell-cycle block, disruption of mitotic spindles, and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death after prolonged mitotic blockage		3.9630cyclic ketal;
cyclic ketone;
macrocycle;
polycyclic ether;
polyether;
primary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
ly2183240
LY2183240: structure in first source		2.0310biphenyls
ridaforolimus
[no description available]		2.0610macrolide lactam
carfilzomib
[no description available]		4.9522epoxide;
morpholines;
tetrapeptide		antineoplastic agent;
proteasome inhibitor
cytidine diphosphate choline
[no description available]		2.4620nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s;
phosphocholines		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
milnacipran
[no description available]		3.2310acetamides
vindesine
[no description available]		2.4520
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		6.0784
sepharose
agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.		2.4420
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		4.0640
dactolisib
dactolisib: antineoplastic agent that inhibits both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR. dactolisib : An imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 4-(1-cyanoisopropyl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a quinolin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment.		2.0810imidazoquinoline;
nitrile;
quinolines;
ring assembly;
ureas		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
mTOR inhibitor
th 302
TH 302: an hypoxia-activated prodrug of bromo-isophosphoramide mustard; an antineoplastic agent		3.5111
pf 03491390
[no description available]		2.0510
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		3.3711
bleomycetin
bleomycetin: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4720
rabeprazole sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
adriamycin aglycone
adriamycin aglycone: RN given refers to (8S-cis)-isomer		3.1810
dianhydrogalactitol
Dianhydrogalactitol: One of the cytotoxic dihalohexitols that alkylates and cross-links DNA via an epoxide group during all phases of the cell cycle, resulting in a disruption of DNA function and cell cycle arrest. It has antineoplastic activity and also causes bone marrow toxicity.		5.3621
mdv 3100
[no description available]		2.1510(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
benzamides;
imidazolidinone;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
thiocarbonyl compound		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
amodiaquine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510
clindamycin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620S-glycosyl compound
bisaramil
[no description available]		2.0410
cosyntropin
Cosyntropin: A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.. cosyntropin : A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin). A segment similar in all species, it contains the biological activity that stimulates production of corticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. It is used diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency.		3.0910
ceruletide
Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.		3.3411oligopeptidediagnostic agent;
gastrointestinal drug
bivalirudin
bivalirudin: designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition. bivalirudin : A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant.		3.6120polypeptideanticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
somatostatin
[no description available]		2.0810heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone
teicoplanin
teicoplanin A2-1 : A teicoplanin A2 that has (4Z)-dec-4-enoyl as the variable N-acyl group.		2.4520
tannins
gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).		2.0510tannin
enfuvirtide
Enfuvirtide: A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41. It blocks HIV cell fusion and viral entry and is used with other anti-retrovirals for combination therapy of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. enfuvirtide : A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.		3.2310
ganirelix
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
teriparatide
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
salmon calcitonin
[no description available]		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone;
polypeptide		bone density conservation agent;
metabolite
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		2.0310
ly-146032
[no description available]		4.0840heterodetic cyclic peptide;
lipopeptide antibiotic;
lipopeptide;
macrocycle;
macrolide		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
calcium-dependent antibiotics
dalbavancin
[no description available]		2.0410carbohydrate acid derivative;
glycopeptide;
monosaccharide derivative;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ilys-prolyl-alaninamide
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ILys-prolyl-alaninamide: FE-200486 is the acetate salt		3.2310polypeptide
exenatide
[no description available]		3.2310
warfarin sodium
warfarin sodium : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin sodium. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.		2.0810
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		2.0310glycoside
quinine sulfate
[no description available]		2.4620hydrate
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		1.99101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
pravastatin sodium
pravastatin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of pravastatin. A reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), it is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		2.0810organic sodium salt;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug
alendronate sodium
[no description available]		2.0810
sl 80.0750
[no description available]		2.0810
cefotiam hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
idarubicinol
idarubicinol: RN given refers to (7S-(7alpha,9alpha,9(R*))-isomer		3.3811anthracycline
chitosan
[no description available]		2.5220
mesna
Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.		21.83532189organosulfonic acid
potassium aminobenzoate
[no description available]		2.4620
bucladesine
Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.		1.97103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
ampicillin sodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic sodium salt
cerivastatin sodium
cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		2.0510organic sodium salt;
statin (synthetic)
clavulanate potassium
potassium clavulanate : A potassium salt having clavulanate as the counterion. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes and has only weak anitbiotic activity when administered alone. However it can be used in combination with amoxicillin trihydrate (under the trade name Augmentin) for treatment of a variety of bacterial infections, where it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamases.		2.0810potassium saltantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefamandole nafate
[no description available]		2.0210organic sodium saltantibacterial drug;
prodrug
sodium hypochlorite
Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.		3.4820inorganic sodium saltbleaching agent;
disinfectant
sodium lactate
Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.		3.2310lactate salt;
organic sodium salt		food acidity regulator;
food preservative
piperacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
monensin
[no description available]		2.0510
sodium iothalamate
[no description available]		3.2310
methicillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
nafcillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
oxacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4720organic sodium salt
penicillin g sodium
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
cefamandole nafate
cefamandole sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of cefamandole.		2.4620organic sodium saltantibacterial drug
sodium diatrizoate
histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		2.0510organic sodium salt;
organoiodine compound		radioopaque medium
cephapirin sodium
cephapirin sodium : The sodium salt of cephapirin. A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, it is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Being more resistant to beta-lactamases than penicillins, it is effective agains most staphylococci, though not methicillin-resistant staphylococci.		2.4620cephalosporin;
organic sodium salt		antibacterial drug
sodium cephalothin
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
cefazolin sodium
cefazolin sodium : A cephalosporin organic sodium salt having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups.		2.0810organic sodium salt
dicloxacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4620hydrate
ro13-9904
Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.		2.4110
azlocillin sodium
[no description available]		2.7630organic sodium salt
arginine
Teniposide: A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Teniposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent cells from entering into the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and lead to cell death. Teniposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cycle.. teniposide : A furonaphthodioxole that is a synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin with anti-tumour activity; causes single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA and DNA-protein cross-links and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding.		11.91256
olaparib
[no description available]		2.1110cyclopropanes;
monofluorobenzenes;
N-acylpiperazine;
phthalazines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
pci 32765
ibrutinib: a Btk protein inhibitor. ibrutinib : A member of the class of acrylamides that is (3R)-3-[4-amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]piperidine in which the piperidine nitrogen is replaced by an acryloyl group. A selective and covalent inhibitor of the enzyme Bruton's tyrosine kinase, it is used for treatment of B-cell malignancies.		5.5522acrylamides;
aromatic amine;
aromatic ether;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
tertiary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
asta z 7557
Asta Z 7557: metabolite of cyclophosphamide		9.3141
cetrorelix
cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.		3.5820oligopeptideantineoplastic agent;
GnRH antagonist
plx4032
[no description available]		3.2110aromatic ketone;
difluorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrrolopyridine;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
B-Raf inhibitor
triiodothyronine, reverse
Triiodothyronine, Reverse: A metabolite of THYROXINE, formed by the peripheral enzymatic monodeiodination of T4 at the 5 position of the inner ring of the iodothyronine nucleus.. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine zwitterion : Zwitterionic form of 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine.		2103,3',5'-triiodothyronine;
amino acid zwitterion
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		4.4811
thymosin
Thymosin: Thymosin. A family of heat-stable, polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus gland. Their biological activities include lymphocytopoiesis, restoration of immunological competence and enhancement of expression of T-cell characteristics and function. They have therapeutic potential in patients having primary or secondary immunodeficiency diseases, cancer or diseases related to aging.		4.322
apatinib
apatinib: reverses multidrug resistance by inhibiting the efflux function of multiple ATP-binding cassette transporters; structure in first source		7.3110
colistin
Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.		2.4110
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		4.2850ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
raltegravir
[no description available]		3.23101,2,4-oxadiazole;
dicarboxylic acid amide;
hydroxypyrimidine;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidone;
secondary carboxamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
novobiocin
Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.		2.7530carbamate ester;
ether;
hexoside;
hydroxycoumarin;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		4.95110
chlortetracycline
Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.		2.4520
oxytetracycline, anhydrous
Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.		4.2650
minocycline
Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.		4.5470
dicumarol
Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.		2.0510hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam
[no description available]		4.5470benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
roquinimex
roquinimex: structure in first source		2.7530aromatic amide
acenocoumarol
Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.		2.7530C-nitro compound;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone		anticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
meclocycline
[no description available]		2.0210
mobic
Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.		4.55701,3-thiazoles;
benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex
tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.		3.1550heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
isoxicam
isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		3.3160benzothiazine;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antirheumatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		5.27160benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
gimeracil
gimeracil: a biochemical and pharmacological modulator of 5-FU		3.2110organic molecular entity
demeclocycline
Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.		3.5820
phenprocoumon
Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.		2.0510hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
tipranavir
tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.		3.8930sulfonamideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
chlortetracycline hydrochloride
Alexomycin: a thiopeptide; a cyclic peptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces arginensis isolated from the soil		2.4620
rolitetracycline
Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.		2.4520
sudoxicam
sudoxicam: proposed ant-inflammatory agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZINES (75-86)		2.0510
methacycline monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
minocycline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7630
demeclocycline hydrochloride
demeclocycline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of demeclocycline. A tetracycline antibiotic, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.		2.4620
tigecycline
[no description available]		4.0840
lornoxicam
lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.		2.4720heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nk 121
NK 121: structure given in first source		1.9810
ajmaline
[no description available]		2.0510
selinexor
selinexor: inhibits karyopherin XPO1		8.711
glutaminase
[no description available]		3.5611
fertinex
[no description available]		3.2310
imidacloprid
(E)-imidacloprid : The E-isomer of imidacloprid.		2.0110imidacloprid;
imidazolidines;
monochloropyridine		environmental contaminant;
genotoxin;
neonicotinoid insectide;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
epoetin alfa
Epoetin Alfa: A recombinant glycosylated form of erythropoietin which stimulates the differentiation and proliferation of erythroid precursors. It is used for the treatment of ANEMIA associated with CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE in dialysis and predialysis patients.		3.4511
vitamin b 12
Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.		2.0610
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		10.3372
technetium tc 99m medronate
Technetium Tc 99m Medronate: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms.		2.3920
muramidase
Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.		2.610
chromomycins
Chromomycins: A complex of several closely related glycosidic antibiotics from Streptomyces griseus. The major component, CHROMOMYCIN A3, is used as a fluorescent stain of DNA where it attaches and inhibits RNA synthesis. It is also used as an antineoplastic agent, especially for solid tumors.. chromomycin : A family of antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces griseus.		3.0510
nedaplatin
nedaplatin: structure given in first source		7.16205
technetium tc 99m dimercaptosuccinic acid
Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid: A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the diagnostic imaging of the renal cortex.		2.6830
entecavir
entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.		3.87302-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		4.931102-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
levoleucovorin
Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.		13.1840155-formyltetrahydrofolic acidantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
guanine
[no description available]		7.72302-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine
[no description available]		2.0510inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		5.9271folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		11.67161cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine
Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.		4.95110benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		18.1817441dacarbazine
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		4.95110purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir
[no description available]		5.031202-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
valtrex
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
valacyclovir
Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.		3.5620L-valyl esterantiviral drug
sildenafil
sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.		4.2650piperazines;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
olanzapine
Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.		10.6651benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
penciclovir
penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.		3.14502-aminopurines;
propane-1,3-diols		antiviral drug
oxypurinol
Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.		2.0510pyrazolopyrimidinedrug metabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
raltitrexed
[no description available]		2.7630N-acyl-amino acid
vardenafil
vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.		4.0840imidazotriazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		5.94130nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
azaguanine
Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.		6.9510nucleobase analogue;
triazolopyrimidines		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
citrovorum factor
[no description available]		4.0940tetrahydrofolic acid
leucovorin
5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.		4.2650formyltetrahydrofolic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
rifapentine
rifapentine: cyclopentyl derivative of rifampicin		3.6120N-alkylpiperazine;
N-iminopiperazine;
rifamycins		antitubercular agent;
leprostatic drug
alanosine
[no description available]		3.4920
bl 4162a
anagrelide: imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia; structure in first source. anagrelide : A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.		3.5920imidazoquinazolineanticoagulant;
antifibrinolytic drug;
cardiovascular drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tegaserod
tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source		4.0840carboxamidine;
guanidines;
hydrazines;
indoles		gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic agonist
pemetrexed
pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).		6.8161N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
tirapazamine
Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.		4.0740aromatic amine;
benzotriazines;
N-oxide		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
sildenafil citrate
Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.		2.0810citrate saltEC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
valganciclovir
Valganciclovir: A ganciclovir prodrug and antiviral agent that is used to treat CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS in patients with AIDS, and for the prevention of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS in organ transplant recipients who have received an organ from a CMV-positive donor.. valganciclovir : The L-valinyl ester of ganciclovir, into which it is rapidly converted by intestinal and hepatic esterases. It is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine.		3.2310L-valyl ester;
purines		antiviral drug;
prodrug
aprepitant
Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.		8.35141(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
triazoles		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
substance P receptor antagonist
fosaprepitant
fosaprepitant: a pro-drug form of aprepitant. fosaprepitant : A morpholine derivative that is the (1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl ether of (3-{[(2R,3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxymorpholin-4-yl]methyl}-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphonic acid.		4.5430(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
phosphoramide;
triazoles		antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
prodrug
tegaserod maleate
[no description available]		2.0810maleate saltserotonergic agonist
ceftobiprole
ceftobiprole: BAL5788 is Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium. ceftobiprole : A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (E)-[(3'R)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).		2.0410cephalosporin;
thiadiazoles		antimicrobial agent
rifabutin
[no description available]		4.7690
trypan blue
Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).		2.3920
nintedanib
nintedanib : A member of the class of oxindoles that is a kinase inhibitor used (in the form of its ethylsulfonate salt) for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cancer.		9.6211
amg531
[no description available]		4.7821
levomefolate calcium
levomefolate calcium: an ingredient in Contraceptives, Oral, Combined. levomefolate calcium : An organic calcium salt of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid.		3.2310organic calcium saltantidepressant
teicoplanin aglycone
teicoplanin aglycone: structure given in first source		2.0710
technetium tc 99m-ethylenedicysteine
technetium Tc 99m-ethylenedicysteine: renal imaging agent; structure given in first source		210
metallothionein
Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.		1.9710
phosphorus radioisotopes
Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.		2.3620
anthranilic acid
anthranilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #565. anthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid having a single amino substituent located at position 2. It is a metabolite produced in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the central nervous system.		2.2510aminobenzoic acidhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.06102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		1.9710aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
propylene glycol
Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.		2.0210glycol;
propane-1,2-diols		allergen;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
4-aminopyridine
[no description available]		2.4110aminopyridine;
aromatic amine		avicide;
orphan drug;
potassium channel blocker
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		1.9710benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
bupivacaine
Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.		3.3711aromatic amide;
piperidinecarboxamide;
tertiary amino compound
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		1.9710aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		1.9710amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		1.9710aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		1.9710C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
oxidopamine
Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).		1.9810benzenetriol;
catecholamine;
primary amino compound		drug metabolite;
human metabolite;
neurotoxin
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		1.9710alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.0210amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
cysteamine
Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.		1.9710amine;
thiol		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
egtazic acid
Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.		1.9710diether;
tertiary amino compound;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		2.1710chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		2.0210erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trifluoroacetic acid
Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.		2.2510fluoroalkanoic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
reagent
n-acetylanthranilic acid
N-acetylanthranilic acid: degradation product or quinaldine; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. N-acetylanthranilic acid : An amidobenzoic acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-acetyl group.		2.0210amidobenzoic acid
dodecanol
Dodecanol: A saturated 12-carbon fatty alcohol obtained from coconut oil fatty acids. It has a floral odor and is used in detergents, lubricating oils, and pharmaceuticals. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). dodecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twelve carbon atoms.. dodecan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is dodecane in which a hydrogen from one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is registered for use in apple and pear orchards as a Lepidopteran pheromone/sex attractant, used to disrupt the mating behaviour of certain moths whose larvae destroy crops.		2.0210dodecanol;
primary alcohol		bacterial metabolite;
cosmetic;
insect attractant;
insecticide;
pheromone;
plant metabolite
bicuculline
Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.		1.9910benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines		agrochemical;
central nervous system stimulant;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
GABAA receptor antagonist;
neurotoxin
glycyrrhizic acid
glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.		2.7230enone;
glucosiduronic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
tricarboxylic acid;
triterpenoid saponin		EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
propiram
propiram: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym Bay 4503 refers to fumarate[1:1]; practically always used as fumarate in medicine; structure		2.0710pyridines
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		2.4110glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
tramadol
Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.		3.5112-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanoladrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antitussive;
capsaicin receptor antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
5,7-dihydroxytryptamine
5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool.		1.9810
substance p
[no description available]		1.9710peptideneurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
laurocapram
laurocapram: enhances percutaneous absorption of different chemicals; structure given in first source		2.0210
remifentanil
Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.		3.5311alpha-amino acid ester;
anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidinecarboxylate ester		intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
sedative
anisodamine
anisodamine: alkaloid isolated from Chinese solanacea plant		2.0310
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		2.0310
gigactonine
gigactonine: norditerpene alkaloid from fresh, whole plants of Consolida orientalis; structure in first source		2.1710
ouabain
Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.		1.991011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid hormone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
plant metabolite
strychnine
Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.		2.0310monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound		avicide;
cholinergic antagonist;
glycine receptor antagonist;
neurotransmitter agent;
rodenticide
lycoctonine
lycoctonine: RN refers to (1alpha,6beta,14alpha,16beta)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.4420diterpenoid
brucine
brucine: was heading 1991-94 (see under STRYCHNINE 1975-90); DIMETHOXYSTRYCHNINE was see BRUCINE 1975-94; use STRYCHNINE to search BRUCINE 1975-94; very toxic alkaloid from Nux vomica similar to strychnine; used as reagent in analytical chemistry; was MH 1991-94		2.0310monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		2.0210octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.		2.41102-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
methylatropine
methylatropine: RN given refers to endo-(+-)-isomer; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3766		2.0310
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		2.3820morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		2.8940morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
yunaconitine
yunaconitine: alkaloid found in folk medicine caowu; RN given refers to (1alpha,3alpha,6alpha,14alpha,16beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 8/91. yunaconitine : A diterpene alkaloid with formula C35H49NO11 that is isolated from several Aconitum species.		1.9910acetate ester;
aromatic ether;
benzoate ester;
bridged compound;
diterpene alkaloid;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
polyether;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antifeedant;
human urinary metabolite;
phytotoxin;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.0310
phytosterols
Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.		2.610
n-deacetyllappaconitine
N-deacetyllappaconitine: RN given refers to ((1alpha,14alpha,16beta)-isomer)		3.4980diterpene alkaloid
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		3.5311
allapinin
allapinin: Russian drug		2.0310
6-benzoylheteratisine
6-benzoylheteratisine: an Aconitum alkaloid		2.3920
ranaconitine
ranaconitine: from Aconitum sinomontanum var. angustius W.T. Wang		3.1450
3-acetylaconitine
3-acetylaconitine: structure in first source		2.3920
aconitine
Aconitine: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM; DELPHINIUM and larkspurs. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuralgic properties.. aconitine : A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively.		8.18724
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		05.79220
Leukemia P388
An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.		02.8940
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		07.58172
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		07.58172
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		06.23121
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		06.23121
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		04.84120
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		04.84120
Encephalitis, Polio
[description not available]		02.0610
Poliomyelitis
An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)		02.0610
Anemia, Fanconi
[description not available]		02.1310
Fanconi Anemia
Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)		02.1310
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		05.87360
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510
Sarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		024.07565241
Sarcoma
A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.		130.461,695723
Soft Tissue Neoplasms
Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.		021.87320129
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		014.787127
Cancer of Nasopharynx
[description not available]		08.38154
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		116.787127
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.		110.38154
Synovioma
[description not available]		011.26613
Sarcoma, Synovial
A malignant neoplasm arising from tenosynovial tissue of the joints and in synovial cells of tendons and bursae. The legs are the most common site, but the tumor can occur in the abdominal wall and other trunk muscles. There are two recognized types: the monophasic (characterized by sheaths of monotonous spindle cells) and the biphasic (characterized by slit-like spaces or clefts within the tumor, lined by cuboidal or tall columnar epithelial cells). These sarcomas occur most commonly in the second and fourth decades of life. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1363)		113.26613
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		015.648220
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		117.648220
Granuloma, Hodgkin
[description not available]		016.2311347
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		021.91476159
Hodgkin Disease
A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.		120.9222694
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		02.920
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		013.019514
Atrophy, Muscle
[description not available]		02.5720
Long Sleeper Syndrome
[description not available]		03.6530
Muscular Atrophy
Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.		02.5720
Sleep Wake Disorders
Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.		03.6530
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		018.8427797
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		123.52553193
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		022.48448147
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		020.3427680
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		022.48448147
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		122.3427680
Dysphagia
[description not available]		02.3110
Cancer of Pharynx
[description not available]		02.3110
Deglutition Disorders
Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.		02.3110
Pharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PHARYNX.		02.3110
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		017.4917271
Carcinosarcoma
A malignant neoplasm that contains elements of carcinoma and sarcoma so extensively intermixed as to indicate neoplasia of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed)		014.224713
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		119.4917271
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		012.07819
Bilateral Wilms Tumor
[description not available]		09.69382
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		114.07819
Wilms Tumor
A malignant kidney tumor, caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of renal stem (blastemal), stromal (STROMAL CELLS), and epithelial (EPITHELIAL CELLS) elements. However, not all three are present in every case. Several genes or chromosomal areas have been associated with Wilms tumor which is usually found in childhood as a firm lump in a child's side or ABDOMEN.		111.69382
Encephalopathy, Toxic
[description not available]		08.23500
Sleepiness
Compelling urge to sleep.		03.3310
Brain Disorders
[description not available]		010.31693
Brain Diseases
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.		010.31693
Extranodal NK-T-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		011.78418
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		09.52297
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		09.52297
Ewing Sarcoma
[description not available]		019.120867
Sarcoma, Ewing
A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. The tumor occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females.		126.120867
Lymphoma, T Cell, Peripheral
[description not available]		09.28204
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral
A group of malignant lymphomas thought to derive from peripheral T-lymphocytes in lymph nodes and other nonlymphoid sites. They include a broad spectrum of lymphocyte morphology, but in all instances express T-cell markers admixed with epithelioid histiocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils. Although markedly similar to large-cell immunoblastic lymphoma (LYMPHOMA, LARGE-CELL, IMMUNOBLASTIC), this group's unique features warrant separate treatment.		111.28204
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		011.14395
Cancer, Embryonal
[description not available]		017.7615748
Cancer of Testis
[description not available]		018.5422564
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal
Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.		122.4831496
Testicular Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.		124.86675192
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		020.0721298
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		018.2412169
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		122.0721298
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse
Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.		120.2412169
Atypical Lipomatous Tumor
[description not available]		012.643110
Liposarcoma
A malignant tumor derived from primitive or embryonal lipoblastic cells. It may be composed of well-differentiated fat cells or may be dedifferentiated: myxoid (LIPOSARCOMA, MYXOID), round-celled, or pleomorphic, usually in association with a rich network of capillaries. Recurrences are common and dedifferentiated liposarcomas metastasize to the lungs or serosal surfaces. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)		114.643110
Retroperitoneal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the RETROPERITONEAL SPACE.		012.886010
Rhabdomyosarcoma
A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)		118.5111832
Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal
A form of RHABDOMYOSARCOMA arising primarily in the head and neck, especially the orbit, of children below the age of 10. The cells are smaller than those of other rhabdomyosarcomas and are of two basic cell types: spindle cells and round cells. This cancer is highly sensitive to chemotherapy and has a high cure rate with multi-modality therapy. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2188)		111.48222
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		017.0211941
T-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		08.82226
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		119.0211941
Lymphoma, T-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.		08.82226
Recrudescence
[description not available]		018.88189102
Diffuse Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Poorly-Differentiated
[description not available]		010.05139
Brill-Symmers Disease
[description not available]		05.9132
Lymphoma, Follicular
Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES.		19.18264
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell
A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1).		112.05139
Plasmablastic Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.4110
Cancer, Second Primary
[description not available]		013.85110
Cerebral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor
[description not available]		010.94268
Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive
A group of malignant tumors of the nervous system that feature primitive cells with elements of neuronal and/or glial differentiation. Use of this term is limited by some authors to central nervous system tumors and others include neoplasms of similar origin which arise extracranially (i.e., NEUROECTODERMAL TUMORS, PRIMITIVE, PERIPHERAL). This term is also occasionally used as a synonym for MEDULLOBLASTOMA. In general, these tumors arise in the first decade of life and tend to be highly malignant. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2059)		010.94268
African Lymphoma
[description not available]		015.475821
Neoplasms, Nerve Sheath
[description not available]		03.85110
Burkitt Lymphoma
A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.		117.475821
Nerve Sheath Neoplasms
Neoplasms which arise from nerve sheaths formed by SCHWANN CELLS in the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM or by OLIGODENDROCYTES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, NEUROFIBROMA, and NEURILEMMOMA are relatively common tumors in this category.		03.85110
Neoplasms, Vascular
[description not available]		03.790
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		015.936924
Leiomyosarcoma
A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)		117.936924
Central Retinal Edema, Cystoid
[description not available]		02.4110
Diabetic Retinopathy
Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.		02.4110
Macular Edema
Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90)		02.4110
Tumour Lysis Syndrome
[description not available]		04.9760
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
A syndrome resulting from cytotoxic therapy, occurring generally in aggressive, rapidly proliferating lymphoproliferative disorders. It is characterized by combinations of hyperuricemia, lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia.		09.9760
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		06.42124
Febrile Neutropenia
Fever accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of NEUTROPHILS.		04.2531
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		024.75798384
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		126.75798384
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		113.44419
Acid beta-Glucosidase Deficiency
[description not available]		03.3920
Gaucher Disease
An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. The characteristic Gaucher cells, glycosphingolipid-filled HISTIOCYTES, displace normal cells in BONE MARROW and visceral organs causing skeletal deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly, and organ dysfunction. There are several subtypes based on the presence and severity of neurological involvement.		03.3920
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		08.32171
Glomerulonephritis, Lupus
[description not available]		03.5210
Lupus Nephritis
Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).		03.5210
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		08.32171
EBV Infections
[description not available]		06.3481
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
Infection with human herpesvirus 4 (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN); which may facilitate the development of various lymphoproliferative disorders. These include BURKITT LYMPHOMA (African type), INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS, and oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).		06.3481
Actinomycetoma
[description not available]		02.4110
Mycetoma
A chronic progressive subcutaneous infection caused by species of fungi (eumycetoma), or actinomycetes (actinomycetoma). It is characterized by tumefaction, abscesses, and tumor-like granules representing microcolonies of pathogens, such as MADURELLA fungi and bacteria ACTINOMYCETES, with different grain colors.		02.4110
Clear Cell Sarcoma of Soft Tissue
[description not available]		02.4520
Sarcoma, Clear Cell
A sarcoma of young adults occurring in the lower extremities and acral regions. It is found intimately bound to tendons as a circumscribed but unencapsulated melanin-bearing tumor of neuroectodermal origin. Clear cell sarcoma is associated with a specific t(12;22)(q13;q12) translocation.		02.4520
Flank Pain
Pain emanating from below the RIBS and above the ILIUM.		03.3340
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		012.474714
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		114.474714
Dysuria
Painful URINATION. It is often associated with infections of the lower URINARY TRACT.		08.3650
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		012.08269
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		114.08269
Bile Duct Obstruction
[description not available]		02.610
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic
[description not available]		02.610
Cholestasis
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).		02.610
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic
Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).		02.610
Central Nervous System Neoplasm
[description not available]		013.073415
Central Nervous System Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.		115.073415
Cancer of Maxillary Sinus
[description not available]		04.150
Bleeding
[description not available]		09.78424
Cystitis
Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.		013.29658
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		09.78424
Malignant Mesothelioma
[description not available]		02.610
Mesothelioma
A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)		09.472113
Hematochezia
The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.		03.8940
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.		03.8940
Ulcer
A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.		02.610
Orphan Diseases
Rare diseases that have not been well studied.		04.8940
Carcinoma, Oat Cell
[description not available]		018.38209110
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		08.11112
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		022.2114749
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		119.2114749
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine
A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round blue cells, granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. Neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, small (oat) cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)		03.9840
Carcinoma, Small Cell
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)		018.38209110
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).		110.11112
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		09.11333
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		09.11333
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		012.54412
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		114.54412
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.		011.763415
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
[description not available]		014.63617
Enlarged Spleen
[description not available]		02.5320
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.		120.8810851
Minimal Disease, Residual
[description not available]		08.63203
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		06.3690
Interstitial Nephritis
[description not available]		08.2860
Polyploid
[description not available]		02.610
Nephritis, Interstitial
Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.		03.2860
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		08.69222
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		06.3690
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		015.399419
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		015.399419
Hepatoblastoma
A malignant neoplasm occurring in young children, primarily in the liver, composed of tissue resembling embryonal or fetal hepatic epithelium, or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. (Stedman, 25th ed)		06.15111
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		019.41174116
Left Sided Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.2110
Orbital Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.		06.74131
Cancer of Larynx
[description not available]		04.2130
Laryngeal Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.		04.2130
Intraocular Lymphoma
A form of malignant cancer which occurs within the eyeball.		02.2110
Brain Inflammation
[description not available]		02.4720
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.		02.4720
Colicky Pain
[description not available]		03.2960
Desmoplastic Small Cell Tumor
[description not available]		04.4970
Abdominal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.		010.87256
Ascites
Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.		02.7130
Abdominal Pain
Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.		03.2960
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor
A rare, aggressive soft tissue sarcoma that primarily affects adolescents and young adults. It is most commonly found in the abdomen.		04.4970
Cancer of Nose
[description not available]		08.51173
Rhabdomyosarcoma 2
[description not available]		05.51150
Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar
A form of RHABDOMYOSARCOMA occurring mainly in adolescents and young adults, affecting muscles of the extremities, trunk, orbital region, etc. It is extremely malignant, metastasizing widely at an early stage. Few cures have been achieved and the prognosis is poor. Alveolar refers to its microscopic appearance simulating the cells of the respiratory alveolus. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2188)		17.51150
Spinal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the SPINE.		04.11150
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		014.4215760
Yolk Sac Tumor
[description not available]		05.0790
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		014.4215760
Endodermal Sinus Tumor
An unusual and aggressive tumor of germ-cell origin that reproduces the extraembryonic structures of the early embryo. It is the most common malignant germ cell tumor found in children. It is characterized by a labyrinthine glandular pattern of flat epithelial cells and rounded papillary processes with a central capillary (Schiller-Duval body). The tumor is rarely bilateral. Before the use of combination chemotherapy, the tumor was almost invariably fatal. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1189)		05.0790
Brucella Infection
[description not available]		02.2510
Brucellosis
Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss.		02.2510
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		015.697846
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		018.310776
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		020.697846
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		018.310776
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		021.610130
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		06.94152
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		06.94152
Colonic Polyps
Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		03.1710
Metastase
[description not available]		017.8117678
Cafe-au-Lait Spots with Pulmonic Stenosis
[description not available]		03.0540
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		119.8117678
Neurofibromatosis 1
An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).		03.0540
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		05.3472
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		05.3472
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		0114711
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		0114711
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		017.9618176
Cancer of Penis
[description not available]		011.6169
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		017.9618176
Penile Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the PENIS or of its component tissues.		113.6169
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		07.520
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous
A group of lymphomas exhibiting clonal expansion of malignant T-lymphocytes arrested at varying stages of differentiation as well as malignant infiltration of the skin. MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES; SEZARY SYNDROME; LYMPHOMATOID PAPULOSIS; and PRIMARY CUTANEOUS ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA are the best characterized of these disorders.		02.520
Fibrosarcoma
A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)		18.22182
Histiocytic Sarcoma
Malignant neoplasms composed of MACROPHAGES or DENDRITIC CELLS. Most histiocytic sarcomas present as localized tumor masses without a leukemic phase. Though the biological behavior of these neoplasms resemble lymphomas, their cell lineage is histiocytic not lymphoid.		07.4920
Bladder Diseases
[description not available]		09.88137
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		05.98160
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		17.98160
Beuren Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		06.89117
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		06.89117
Cytokine Release Syndrome
A severe immune reaction characterized by excessive release of CYTOKINES. Symptoms include DYSPNEA; FEVER; HEADACHE; HYPOTENSION; NAUSEA; RASH; TACHYCARDIA; HYPOXIA; HYPERFERRITINEMIA, and MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE. It is associated with viral infections, SEPSIS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES and a variety of factors used in IMMUNOTHERAPY.		04.5511
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		011.042714
Neutropenia
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.		023.48158110
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.		02.2510
Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms
[description not available]		04.04140
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed
[description not available]		07.81194
Medulloblastoma
A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)		07.81194
Cancer of Spleen
[description not available]		04.9380
Bonnevie-Ullrich Syndrome
This syndrome that was originally observed by Ullrich, and designated as identical to TURNER SYNDROME, related the webbing of the neck, loose skin and other anomalies of the syndrome to accumulation of fluid in the embryo starting at the head and dispersing to the extremities (as observed by Bonnevie in mice). Commonly observed at birth in Turner Syndrome and NOONAN SYNDROME; EDEMA of the extremities usually recedes by one year and is an early sign of Turner syndrome, especially in female neonates.		02.2510
Turner Syndrome
A syndrome of defective gonadal development in phenotypic females associated with the karyotype 45,X (or 45,XO). Patients generally are of short stature with undifferentiated GONADS (streak gonads), SEXUAL INFANTILISM, HYPOGONADISM, webbing of the neck, cubitus valgus, elevated GONADOTROPINS, decreased ESTRADIOL level in blood, and CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS. NOONAN SYNDROME (also called Pseudo-Turner Syndrome and Male Turner Syndrome) resembles this disorder; however, it occurs in males and females with a normal karyotype and is inherited as an autosomal dominant.		07.2510
Anemia, Splenic
[description not available]		02.3110
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		08.84134
Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma
[description not available]		05.4451
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		110.84134
Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal
A highly malignant subset of neoplasms arising from the endometrial stroma. Tumors in this group infiltrate the stroma with a wide range of atypia cells and numerous mitoses. They are capable of widespread metastases (NEOPLASM METASTASIS).		05.4451
Adenosarcoma
A malignant neoplasm arising simultaneously or consecutively in mesodermal tissue and glandular epithelium of the same part. (Stedman, 25th ed)		04.0650
Amaurosis
[description not available]		02.3110
Anterior Optic Neuritis
[description not available]		02.3110
Blindness
The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.		02.3110
Optic Neuritis
Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis).		02.3110
Cancer of Mediastinum
[description not available]		012.066011
Mediastinal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MEDIASTINUM.		114.066011
Sterility, Male
[description not available]		02.7830
Infertility, Male
The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.		02.7830
Child Development Deviations
[description not available]		02.3110
Adult Fanconi Syndrome
[description not available]		08.52481
Hypokalemia
Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.6930
Rachitis
[description not available]		03.4980
Segond Fracture
[description not available]		02.3110
Ambulation Difficulty
[description not available]		02.3110
Developmental Disabilities
Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)		02.3110
Tibial Fractures
Fractures of the TIBIA.		02.3110
Hypophosphatemia
A condition of an abnormally low level of PHOSPHATES in the blood.		05.4750
Allergic Encephalomyelitis
[description not available]		02.3110
Infection, Toxoplasma gondii
[description not available]		02.3110
Toxoplasmosis
The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.		02.3110
Behavior Disorders
[description not available]		02.4120
Mental Disorders
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.		02.4120
Cancer of Pelvis
[description not available]		08.11213
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
[description not available]		010.65315
Peritoneal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.		112.65315
Hematuria
Presence of blood in the urine.		09.744314
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		06.1362
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		06.1362
Solitary Fibrous Tumors
Rare neoplasms of mesenchymal origin, usually benign, and most commonly involving the PLEURA (see SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR, PLEURAL). They also are found in extrapleural sites.		05.3160
Blastoma, Pulmonary
[description not available]		03.5680
Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors
An internationally recognized set of published rules used for evaluation of cancer treatment that define when tumors found in cancer patients improve, worsen, or remain stable during treatment. These criteria are based specifically on the response of the tumor(s) to treatment, and not on the overall health status of the patient resulting from treatment.		05.1731
Cardiac Cancer
[description not available]		06.85280
Precordial Catch
[description not available]		03.1950
Chest Pain
Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.		03.1950
Cancer of the Vulva
[description not available]		02.7430
Vulvar Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the VULVA.		02.7430
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		012.446023
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		08.63316
Plasma Cell Tumor
[description not available]		02.9240
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		012.446023
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		110.63316
Plasmacytoma
Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.		02.9240
Margins of Excision
The edges of tissue removed in a surgery for assessment of the effectiveness of a surgical procedure in achieving the local control of a neoplasm and the adequacy of tumor removal. When the margin is negative or not involved by tumor (e.g., CANCER) it suggests all of the tumor has been removed by the surgery.		02.5420
Chylopericardium
[description not available]		02.7730
Pericardial Effusion
Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE.		02.7730
Cafe-au-Lait Spots
Light brown pigmented macules associated with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS and Albright's syndrome (see FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC).		02.1510
Neoplasms, Pleural
[description not available]		09.37279
Rhabdomyolysis
Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.		07.5220
Androgen-Independent Prostatic Cancer
[description not available]		02.1510
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE which can grow in the presence of low or residual amount of androgen hormones such as TESTOSTERONE.		02.1510
B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		013.135629
Lymphoma, B-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.		013.135629
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		015.815859
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		117.815859
Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
Rare autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by mesenchymal and epithelial neoplasms at multiple sites. MUTATION of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, a component of the DNA DAMAGE response pathway, apparently predisposes family members who inherit it to develop certain cancers. The spectrum of cancers in the syndrome was shown to include, in addition to BREAST CANCER and soft tissue sarcomas (SARCOMA); BRAIN TUMORS; OSTEOSARCOMA; LEUKEMIA; and ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA.		02.1510
Emesis
[description not available]		012.425529
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		017.465424
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		017.425529
Nanism
[description not available]		02.1510
Dwarfism
A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height.		02.1510
Neurilemoma
[description not available]		04.370
Neurilemmoma
A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)		16.370
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		02.1510
Glomerulonephritis, Minimal Change
[description not available]		02.1510
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
In patients with neoplastic diseases a wide variety of clinical pictures which are indirect and usually remote effects produced by tumor cell metabolites or other products.		04.1960
Cold Panniculitis
[description not available]		02.7730
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		02.1510
Nephrosis, Lipoid
A kidney disease with no or minimal histological glomerular changes on light microscopy and with no immune deposits. It is characterized by lipid accumulation in the epithelial cells of KIDNEY TUBULES and in the URINE. Patients usually show NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA with accompanying EDEMA.		02.1510
Nephrotic Syndrome
A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.		07.9440
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		015.6110726
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		06.48105
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		015.6110726
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		18.48105
Sarcopenia
Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles.		02.5820
Polyomavirus Infections
Infections with POLYOMAVIRUS, which are often cultured from the urine of kidney transplant patients. Excretion of BK VIRUS is associated with ureteral strictures and CYSTITIS, and that of JC VIRUS with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL).		02.1710
Fibroma, Shope
[description not available]		03.3520
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		08.66122
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		08.66122
Experimental Leukemia
[description not available]		03.77110
Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma
[description not available]		05.4751
Sarcoma, Alveolar Soft Part
A variety of rare sarcoma having a reticulated fibrous stroma enclosing groups of sarcoma cells, which resemble epithelial cells and are enclosed in alveoli walled with connective tissue. It is a rare tumor, usually occurring between 15 and 35 years of age. It appears in the muscles of the extremities in adults and most commonly in the head and neck regions of children. Though slow-growing, it commonly metastasizes to the lungs, brain, bones, and lymph nodes. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1365)		17.4751
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		02.4620
Pleural Effusion, Malignant
Presence of fluid in the PLEURAL CAVITY as a complication of malignant disease. Malignant pleural effusions often contain actual malignant cells.		05.8381
Placental-Site Trophoblastic Tumor
[description not available]		03.0910
Trophoblastic Tumor, Placental Site
An uncommon variant of CHORIOCARCINOMA. It is composed almost entirely of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). Because its secretion of hCG (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN) is low, a large tumor may develop before the hCG can be detected.		03.0910
Leanness
[description not available]		02.1710
Chromosomal Translocation
[description not available]		09.24191
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma
[description not available]		05.09100
Retinoblastoma
A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)		010.09100
Neoplasms, Bone Marrow
[description not available]		07.6491
Bone Marrow Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the bone marrow. They are differentiated from neoplasms composed of bone marrow cells, such as MULTIPLE MYELOMA. Most bone marrow neoplasms are metastatic.		07.6491
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		07.12112
Sickle Cell Trait
The condition of being heterozygous for hemoglobin S.		02.1710
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		07.12112
Complex and Mixed Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.6930
Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed
Neoplasms composed of more than one type of neoplastic tissue.		03.6930
Cardiac Toxicity
[description not available]		02.8330
Cardiotoxicity
Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.		02.8330
Carcinoma, Thymic
[description not available]		08.13123
Cancer of the Thymus
[description not available]		08.13123
Thymoma
A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		08.13123
Thymus Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.		08.13123
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		06.5231
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		06.5231
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		03.1210
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory
[description not available]		03.1210
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.		03.1210
Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		06.6373
Cancer of the Tonsil
[description not available]		02.2110
Tonsillar Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PALATINE TONSIL.		02.2110
Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic
A systemic, large-cell, non-Hodgkin, malignant lymphoma characterized by cells with pleomorphic appearance and expressing the CD30 ANTIGEN. These so-called hallmark cells have lobulated and indented nuclei. This lymphoma is often mistaken for metastatic carcinoma and MALIGNANT HISTIOCYTOSIS.		18.6373
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		04.4811
46, XY Disorders of Sex Development
[description not available]		03.4620
Multiple Primary Neoplasms
[description not available]		08.5212
Seminoma
A radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. There are three variants: classical (typical), the most common type; anaplastic; and spermatocytic. The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. In the female, a grossly and histologically identical neoplasm, known as dysgerminoma, occurs. (Dorland, 27th ed)		010.49335
Jaundice, Cholestatic
[description not available]		02.1710
Chondrosarcoma, Mesenchymal
A rare aggressive variant of chondrosarcoma, characterized by a biphasic histologic pattern of small compact cells intermixed with islands of cartilaginous matrix. Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas have a predilection for flat bones; long tubular bones are rarely affected. They tend to occur in the younger age group and are highly metastatic. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1456)		02.1710
Jaundice, Obstructive
Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.		02.1710
Hematologic Malignancies
[description not available]		05.2641
Hematologic Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.		05.2641
Deficiency, Magnesium
[description not available]		04.8420
Magnesium Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)		04.8420
Anoxemia
[description not available]		02.4620
Cancer of Muscle
[description not available]		05.2780
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		07.4620
Angiosarcoma
[description not available]		07.14320
Hemangiosarcoma
A rare malignant neoplasm characterized by rapidly proliferating, extensively infiltrating, anaplastic cells derived from blood vessels and lining irregular blood-filled or lumpy spaces. (Stedman, 25th ed)		19.14320
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		04.6632
IgG4 Related Systemic Disease
[description not available]		02.2110
Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease
A spectrum of systemic autoimmune diseases in which IMMUNOGLOBULIN G4 plays a pathophysiologic role. It can affect multiple organs in highly variable presentations, characterized by inflammatory lesions composed of IgG4-positive PLASMA CELLS, further infiltrated by T helper cells (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER) when linked to progressive FIBROSIS and eventual organ damage.		02.2110
Carcinogenesis
The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.		02.2110
Cystosarcoma Phyllodes
[description not available]		010.68100
Malignant Fibrohistiocytic Tumors
[description not available]		06.54101
Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous
The most commonly diagnosed soft tissue sarcoma. It is a neoplasm with a fibrohistiocytic appearance found chiefly in later adult life, with peak incidence in the 7th decade.		06.54101
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		011.332510
Cancer of Jaw
[description not available]		02.520
Ameloblastoma
An immature epithelial tumor of the JAW originating from the epithelial rests of Malassez or from other epithelial remnants of the ENAMEL from the developmental period. It is a slowly growing tumor, usually benign, but displays a marked propensity for invasive growth.		02.2110
Cancer of the Thyroid
[description not available]		05.3590
Thyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.		05.3590
Injuries, Radiation
[description not available]		05.11100
Albuminuria
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		04.6261
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		04.64100
Hematemesis
Vomiting of blood that is either fresh bright red, or older coffee-ground in character. It generally indicates bleeding of the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.		02.0810
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		04.64100
Germinoma
A malignant neoplasm of the germinal tissue of the GONADS; MEDIASTINUM; or pineal region. Germinomas are uniform in appearance, consisting of large, round cells with vesicular nuclei and clear or finely granular eosinophilic-staining cytoplasm. (Stedman, 265th ed; from DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1642-3)		018.829637
Neoplasms, Skull
[description not available]		02.7330
Femoral Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the FEMUR.		06.47161
47,XX,+21
[description not available]		03.9240
Down Syndrome
A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)		08.9240
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		013.655335
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		013.655335
Mucositis
An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).		06.5461
CCMMT
[description not available]		02.0810
Antidiuretic Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion
[description not available]		04.4280
Hyponatremia
Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)		010.5561
Inappropriate ADH Syndrome
A condition of HYPONATREMIA and renal salt loss attributed to overexpansion of BODY FLUIDS resulting from sustained release of ANTIDIURETIC HORMONES which stimulates renal resorption of water. It is characterized by normal KIDNEY function, high urine OSMOLALITY, low serum osmolality, and neurological dysfunction. Etiologies include ADH-producing neoplasms, injuries or diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the LUNG. This syndrome can also be drug-induced.		04.4280
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		022.05339229
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		124.05339229
Adrenal Cancer
[description not available]		07.8793
Acquired Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
[description not available]		03.6530
Polyuria
Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS).		02.0810
Fibroadenoma
An adenoma containing fibrous tissue. It should be differentiated from ADENOFIBROMA which is a tumor composed of connective tissue (fibroma) containing glandular (adeno-) structures. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		0310
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		011.76404
Dysembryoma
[description not available]		07.33251
(pPNET) Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors
[description not available]		07.37124
Teratoma
A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They are classified histologically as mature (benign) or immature (malignant). (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642)		19.33251
Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral
A group of highly cellular primitive round cell neoplasms which occur extracranially in soft tissue and bone and are derived from embryonal neural crest cells. These tumors occur primarily in children and adolescents and share a number of characteristics with EWING SARCOMA.		07.37124
Ptosis, Eyelid
[description not available]		03.730
Cancer of the Vagina
[description not available]		04.5650
Blepharoptosis
Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle.		03.730
Vaginal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the VAGINA.		04.5650
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
[description not available]		03.8821
Epithelial Neoplasms
[description not available]		04.9242
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
A malignant neoplasm that originates in cells on the surface EPITHELIUM of the ovary and is the most common form of ovarian cancer. There are five histologic subtypes: papillary serous, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, and transitional cell. Mutations in BRCA1, OPCML, PRKN, PIK3CA, AKT1, CTNNB1, RRAS2, and CDH1 genes are associated with this cancer.		03.8821
CKD-MBD
[description not available]		02.6930
Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder
Decalcification of bone or abnormal bone development due to chronic KIDNEY DISEASES, in which 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis by the kidneys is impaired, leading to reduced negative feedback on PARATHYROID HORMONE. The resulting SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM eventually leads to bone disorders.		02.6930
Thoracic Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.		07.26141
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		03.4220
Polyradiculitis
[description not available]		02.7430
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		03.4220
Polyradiculopathy
Disease or injury involving multiple SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Polyradiculitis refers to inflammation of multiple spinal nerve roots.		02.7430
Myoepithelial Tumor
[description not available]		02.5220
Myoepithelioma
A usually benign tumor made up predominantly of myoepithelial cells.		02.5220
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		06.29104
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		06.29104
Convulsive Generalized Seizure Disorder
[description not available]		03.3620
Chondrosarcoma
A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)		04.4380
Rupture, Spontaneous
Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.		02.4120
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		07.37163
Cranial Nerve V Diseases
[description not available]		02.110
External Ophthalmoplegia
[description not available]		02.110
Deafness, Transitory
[description not available]		05.4351
Hearing Loss
A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.		010.4351
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		05.4682
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		03.8840
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		03.8840
Lassitude
[description not available]		07.0672
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		012.0672
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		04.71110
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		04.71110
Mixed Pineocytoma-Pineoblastoma
[description not available]		04.0450
Pinealoma
Neoplasms which originate from pineal parenchymal cells that tend to enlarge the gland and be locally invasive. The two major forms are pineocytoma and the more malignant pineoblastoma. Pineocytomas have moderate cellularity and tend to form rosette patterns. Pineoblastomas are highly cellular tumors containing small, poorly differentiated cells. These tumors occasionally seed the neuroaxis or cause obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS or Parinaud's syndrome. GERMINOMA; CARCINOMA, EMBRYONAL; GLIOMA; and other neoplasms may arise in the pineal region with germinoma being the most common pineal region tumor. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2064; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p670)		04.0450
AIDS-Associated Lymphoma
[description not available]		05.1260
Lymphoma, AIDS-Related
B-cell lymphoid tumors that occur in association with AIDS. Patients often present with an advanced stage of disease and highly malignant subtypes including BURKITT LYMPHOMA; IMMUNOBLASTIC LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA; PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA; and DIFFUSE, LARGE B-CELL, LYMPHOMA. The tumors are often disseminated in unusual extranodal sites and chromosomal abnormalities are frequently present. It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation.		17.1260
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome
[description not available]		02.110
Anal Cancer
[description not available]		07.1110
Anus Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ANAL CANAL.		02.1110
Metabolic Acidosis
[description not available]		08.6430
Acidosis
A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.		08.6430
Diabetes Insipidus
A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.		03.6730
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		08.21294
Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome, Posterior
[description not available]		03.4220
Central Nervous System Disease
[description not available]		08.01154
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.		08.01154
Sarcoma 180
An experimental sarcoma of mice.		02.110
Leukemia, Lymphoblastic, Acute, T Cell
[description not available]		02.110
Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and young adults and characterized LYMPHADENOPATHY and THYMUS GLAND involvement. It most frequently presents as a lymphoma, but a leukemic progression in the bone marrow is common.		02.110
Rhabdoid Tumor
A rare but highly lethal childhood tumor found almost exclusively in infants. Histopathologically, it resembles RHABDOMYOSARCOMA but the tumor cells are not of myogenic origin. Although it arises primarily in the kidney, it may be found in other parts of the body. The rhabdoid cytomorphology is believed to be the expression of a very primitive malignant cell. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2210)		05.0491
Hypermelanosis
[description not available]		02.4220
Cancer, Radiation-Induced
[description not available]		05.44100
Hyperpigmentation
Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.		07.4220
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		03.8640
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		04.6361
Aortitis Syndrome
[description not available]		02.110
Takayasu Arteritis
A chronic inflammatory process that affects the AORTA and its primary branches, such as the brachiocephalic artery (BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK) and CAROTID ARTERIES. It results in progressive arterial stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysm formation. The pulse in the arm is hard to detect. Patients with aortitis syndrome often exhibit retinopathy.		02.110
Chromosomal Instability
An increased tendency to acquire CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS when various processes involved in chromosome replication, repair, or segregation are dysfunctional.		02.110
Back Ache
[description not available]		02.9540
Back Pain
Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.		02.9540
Carcinoma, Embryonal
A highly malignant, primitive form of carcinoma, probably of germinal cell or teratomatous derivation, usually arising in a gonad and rarely in other sites. It is rare in the female ovary, but in the male it accounts for 20% of all testicular tumors. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1595)		03.8540
Preterm Birth
[description not available]		02.5120
Abortion, Tubal
[description not available]		02.110
Sterility, Female
[description not available]		02.110
Abortion, Spontaneous
Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.		02.110
Infertility, Female
Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.		02.110
Premature Birth
CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).		02.5120
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		07.33153
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		07.33153
Langerhans Cell Sarcoma
Rare malignant neoplasm of dendritic LANGERHANS CELLS exhibiting atypical cytology, frequent mitoses, and aggressive clinical behavior. They can be distinguished from other histiocytic and dendritic proliferations by immunohistochemical and ultrastructure studies. Cytologically benign proliferations of Langerhans cells are called LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS.		02.9840
Alcoholic Fatty Liver
[description not available]		02.110
Avian Flu
[description not available]		02.110
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae
[description not available]		02.110
Influenza in Birds
Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.		02.110
Orthomyxoviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.		02.110
Cancer of the Ureter
[description not available]		04.6732
Ureteral Neoplasms
Cancer or tumors of the URETER which may cause obstruction leading to hydroureter, HYDRONEPHROSIS, and PYELONEPHRITIS. HEMATURIA is a common symptom.		04.6732
Angiomyxoma
[description not available]		04.0450
Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell
An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of varying combinations of clear and hobnail-shaped tumor cells. There are three predominant patterns described as tubulocystic, solid, and papillary. These tumors, usually located in the female reproductive organs, have been seen more frequently in young women since 1970 as a result of the association with intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed)		06.2772
Adenocarcinoma, Endometrioid
[description not available]		04.8942
Carcinoma, Endometrioid
An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of cells resembling the glandular cells of the ENDOMETRIUM. It is a common histological type of ovarian CARCINOMA and ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA. There is a high frequency of co-occurrence of this form of adenocarcinoma in both tissues.		04.8942
Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous
A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The external surface is usually covered with papillary excrescences. Microscopically, the papillary patterns are predominantly epithelial overgrowths with differentiated and undifferentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells. Psammoma bodies may be present. The tumor generally adheres to surrounding structures and produces ascites. (From Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p185)		05.0952
Injuries, Spinal Cord
[description not available]		02.110
Asbestosis
A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers which elicit potent inflammatory responses in the parenchyma of the lung. The disease is characterized by interstitial fibrosis of the lung, varying from scattered sites to extensive scarring of the alveolar interstitium.		02.110
Spinal Cord Injuries
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).		02.110
Cancer of the Urinary Tract
[description not available]		09.922012
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction
[description not available]		02.1110
Brain Thrombosis
[description not available]		02.1110
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		02.1110
Dyskinesia Syndromes
[description not available]		02.4820
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		02.1110
Movement Disorders
Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.		02.4820
Brain Infarction
Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.		02.1110
Connective and Soft Tissue Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.110
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		02.4520
Cough
A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.		04.4111
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary
An adenocarcinoma containing finger-like processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplastic epithelium, projecting into cysts or the cavity of glands or follicles. It occurs most frequently in the ovary and thyroid gland. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.110
MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
[description not available]		02.1110
Multiple Sclerosis
An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)		02.1110
Blood Loss, Surgical
Loss of blood during a surgical procedure.		02.1110
Choroid Plexus Neoplasms, Primary
[description not available]		05.2341
Choroid Plexus Neoplasms
Benign or malignant tumors which arise from the choroid plexus of the ventricles of the brain. Papillomas (see PAPILLOMA, CHOROID PLEXUS) and carcinomas are the most common histologic subtypes, and tend to seed throughout the ventricular and subarachnoid spaces. Clinical features include headaches, ataxia and alterations of consciousness, primarily resulting from associated HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2072; J Neurosurg 1998 Mar;88(3):521-8)		05.2341
Pleural Effusion
Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.		07.5220
Cancer of the Urethra
[description not available]		02.7630
Urethral Neoplasms
Cancer or tumors of the URETHRA. Benign epithelial tumors of the urethra usually consist of squamous and transitional cells. Primary urethral carcinomas are rare and typically of squamous cells. Urethral carcinoma is the only urological malignancy that is more common in females than in males.		14.7630
Cancer of Parotid
[description not available]		03.420
Parotid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PAROTID GLAND.		03.420
Metaplasia
A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.		03.0310
Cancer of Sigmoid
[description not available]		03.3720
Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Interdigitating
A rare sarcoma of INTERDIGITATING CELLS found in the lymph nodes and non-lymphoid organs. They exhibit a variable immunophenotype and lack Birbeck granules.		03.0310
Abortion, Missed
The retention in the UTERUS of a dead FETUS two months or more after its DEATH.		02.1110
Benign Supratentorial Neoplasms
[description not available]		05.7373
Choriocarcinoma
A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).		011.91161
Bone Fractures
[description not available]		02.1110
Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid
A tumor of medium-to-large veins, composed of plump-to-spindled endothelial cells that bulge into vascular spaces in a tombstone-like fashion. These tumors are thought to have borderline aggression, where one-third develop local recurrences, but only rarely metastasize. It is unclear whether the epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is truly neoplastic or an exuberant tissue reaction, nor is it clear if this is equivalent to Kimura's disease (see ANGIOLYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA WITH EOSINOPHILIA). (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)		02.4820
Fractures, Bone
Breaks in bones.		02.1110
Hepatic Insufficiency
Conditions in which the LIVER functions fall below the normal ranges. Severe hepatic insufficiency may cause LIVER FAILURE or DEATH. Treatment may include LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.		02.1110
Gynandroblastoma
A sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor, composed of cells of both the OVARY and the TESTIS. It produces both male and female GONADAL STEROID HORMONES.		0531
Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors
Neoplasms derived from the primitive sex cord or gonadal stromal cells of the embryonic GONADS. They are classified by their presumed histogenesis and differentiation. From the sex cord, there are SERTOLI CELL TUMOR and GRANULOSA CELL TUMOR; from the gonadal stroma, LEYDIG CELL TUMOR and THECOMA. These tumors may be identified in either the OVARY or the TESTIS.		0531
Lymphangioendothelioma, Malignant
[description not available]		02.4320
Breathlessness
[description not available]		02.9740
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing.		02.9740
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		010.32188
Peripheral Nerve Diseases
[description not available]		06.8493
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.		06.8493
Ventricular Dysfunction
A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function.		02.1310
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		02.3920
Duncan Disease
[description not available]		04.6761
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		02.3920
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.		09.6761
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		08.21206
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		08.21206
Acute Brain Injuries
[description not available]		03.8721
Brain Injuries
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.		03.8721
Multiple Neurofibromas
[description not available]		02.1310
Brain Hemorrhage
[description not available]		03.3820
Neurofibromatoses
A group of disorders characterized by an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with high rates of spontaneous mutation and multiple neurofibromas or neurilemmomas. NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1 (generalized neurofibromatosis) accounts for approximately 95% of cases, although multiple additional subtypes (e.g., NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2, neurofibromatosis 3, etc.) have been described. (From Neurochirurgie 1998 Nov;44(4):267-72)		02.1310
Intracranial Hemorrhages
Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.		03.3820
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.1110
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.		02.1110
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.		08.4420
Central Diabetes Insipidus
[description not available]		07.1310
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		03.1150
Adult Premature Aging Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1310
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.		03.1150
Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic
A genetic or acquired polyuric disorder caused by a deficiency of VASOPRESSINS secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. Clinical signs include the excretion of large volumes of dilute URINE; HYPERNATREMIA; THIRST; and polydipsia. Etiologies include HEAD TRAUMA; surgeries and diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS and the PITUITARY GLAND. This disorder may also be caused by mutations of genes such as ARVP encoding vasopressin and its corresponding neurophysin (NEUROPHYSINS).		02.1310
Glycosuria
The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).		03.8521
Pyrexia
[description not available]		08.56199
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		08.56199
Remission, Spontaneous
A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.		06.98156
Thrombotic Microangiopathies
Diseases that result in THROMBOSIS in MICROVASCULATURE. The two most prominent diseases are PURPURA, THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC; and HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME. Multiple etiological factors include VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELL damage due to SHIGA TOXIN; FACTOR H deficiency; and aberrant VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR formation.		02.1310
Hemoptysis
Expectoration or spitting of blood originating from any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT, usually from hemorrhage in the lung parenchyma (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and the BRONCHIAL ARTERIES.		02.1310
FMR1-Related Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
[description not available]		02.7630
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
Cessation of ovarian function after MENARCHE but before the age of 40, without or with OVARIAN FOLLICLE depletion. It is characterized by the presence of OLIGOMENORRHEA or AMENORRHEA, elevated GONADOTROPINS, and low ESTRADIOL levels. It is a state of female HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM. Etiologies include genetic defects, autoimmune processes, chemotherapy, radiation, and infections. The most commonly known genetic cause is the expansion of a CGG repeat to 55 to 199 copies in the 5' untranslated region in the X-linked FMR1 gene.		02.7630
Male Genital Neoplasms
[description not available]		06.7283
Genital Neoplasms, Male
Tumor or cancer of the MALE GENITALIA.		06.7283
Lung Injury, Acute
[description not available]		02.1110
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
[description not available]		02.1110
Acute Lung Injury
A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).		02.1110
Transfusion Reaction
Complications of BLOOD TRANSFUSION. Included adverse reactions are common allergic and febrile reactions; hemolytic (delayed and acute) reactions; and other non-hemolytic adverse reactions such as infections and adverse immune reactions related to immunocompatibility.		02.1110
Anaplastic Ependymoma
[description not available]		05.7173
Ependymoma
Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)		010.7173
Cicatrization
The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.		02.420
Cicatrix
The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.		02.420
Osteosarcoma, Juxtacortical
A form of osteogenic sarcoma of relatively low malignancy, probably arising from the periosteum and initially involving cortical bone and adjacent connective tissue. It occurs in middle-aged as well as young adults and most commonly affects the lower part of the femoral shaft. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.1310
Superior Vena Cava Obstruction
[description not available]		02.7530
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.6390
Angioblastic Meningioma
[description not available]		02.4320
Meningeal Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.		03.6390
Meningioma
A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)		02.4320
Ganglioneuroblastoma
A moderately malignant neoplasm composed of primitive neuroectodermal cells dispersed in myxomatous or fibrous stroma intermixed with mature ganglion cells. It may undergo transformation into a neuroblastoma. It arises from the sympathetic trunk or less frequently from the adrenal medulla, cerebral cortex, and other locations. Cervical ganglioneuroblastomas may be associated with HORNER SYNDROME and the tumor may occasionally secrete vasoactive intestinal peptide, resulting in chronic diarrhea.		02.4720
Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia
FEVER accompanied by a significant reduction in NEUTROPHIL count associated with CHEMOTHERAPY.		02.1510
Brachial Paresis
[description not available]		04.3640
Diplopia
A visual symptom in which a single object is perceived by the visual cortex as two objects rather than one. Disorders associated with this condition include REFRACTIVE ERRORS; STRABISMUS; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; and diseases of the BRAIN STEM and OCCIPITAL LOBE.		03.6330
Craniofacial Pain
[description not available]		03.0410
Facial Pain
Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.		03.0410
Cellulitis, Orbital
[description not available]		02.1310
Cancer of Paranasal Sinus
[description not available]		05.5861
Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PARANASAL SINUSES.		05.5861
Hypoalbuminemia
A condition in which albumin level in blood (SERUM ALBUMIN) is below the normal range. Hypoalbuminemia may be due to decreased hepatic albumin synthesis, increased albumin catabolism, altered albumin distribution, or albumin loss through the urine (ALBUMINURIA).		03.6730
Bednar Tumor
[description not available]		02.1510
Dermatofibrosarcoma
A sarcoma of the deep layers of the skin. The tumors are locally aggressive tends to recur but rarely metastatic. It can be classified into variants depending on the cell type tumors are derived from or by its characteristics: Pigmented variant from MELANIN-containing DERMAL DENDRITIC CELLS; Myxoid variant, myxoid STROMAL CELLS; Giant cell variant characterized by GIANT CELLS in the tumors; and Fibrosarcomatous variant chracterized by tumor areas histologically indistinguishable from FIBROSARCOMA.		19.1510
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		06.6181
Fistula
Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.		03.6430
Mouth Diseases
Diseases involving the MOUTH.		02.4420
Nasal Diseases
[description not available]		02.1510
Sinusitis, Maxillary
[description not available]		02.1510
Palatal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PALATE, including those of the hard palate, soft palate and UVULA.		02.4820
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		06.6181
Maxillary Sinusitis
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in the MAXILLARY SINUS. In many cases, it is caused by an infection of the bacteria HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; or STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.		02.1510
Cyst
[description not available]		02.1510
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		04.551
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		04.551
Choriocarcinoma, Non-gestational
A highly malignant CHORIOCARCINOMA derived from the non-placental origin such as the totipotent cells in the TESTIS, the OVARY, and the PINEAL GLAND. It produces high levels of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN and can metastasize widely through the bloodstream to the lungs, brain, liver, bone, and other viscera by the time of diagnosis.		02.1510
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		04.3341
Constricted Pupil
[description not available]		02.1510
Pancoast Syndrome
A condition caused by an apical lung tumor (Pancoast tumor) with involvement of the nearby vertebral column and the BRACHIAL PLEXUS. Symptoms include pain in the shoulder and the arm, and atrophy of the hand.		02.4320
Myxosarcoma
A sarcoma, usually a liposarcoma or malignant fibrous histiocytoma, with an abundant component of myxoid tissue resembling primitive mesenchyme containing connective tissue mucin. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.1510
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		04.3341
Miosis
Pupillary constriction. This may result from congenital absence of the dilatator pupillary muscle, defective sympathetic innervation, or irritation of the CONJUNCTIVA or CORNEA.		02.1510
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		02.1510
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		02.1510
Erythema
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.		02.4220
Nervous System Disorders
[description not available]		07.62135
Cancer of the Tongue
[description not available]		06.5332
Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.		07.62135
Tongue Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE.		06.5332
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		03.0850
Melanoameloblastoma
[description not available]		03.6430
Mandibular Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MANDIBLE.		04.1760
Delirium of Mixed Origin
[description not available]		02.0410
Delirium
A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)		02.0410
Hyperplasia of Thymus Gland
[description not available]		02.730
Urinary Tract Diseases
[description not available]		08.73172
Spinal Stenosis
Narrowing of the spinal canal.		02.9610
B-Cell Leukemia
[description not available]		04.3511
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		03.3220
Kaposi Disease
[description not available]		02.0510
Xeroderma Pigmentosum
A rare, pigmentary, and atrophic autosomal recessive disease. It is manifested as an extreme photosensitivity to ULTRAVIOLET RAYS as the result of a deficiency in the enzyme that permits excisional repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA.		02.0510
Hemangiopericytoma
A tumor composed of spindle cells with a rich vascular network, which apparently arises from pericytes, cells of smooth muscle origin that lie around small vessels. Benign and malignant hemangiopericytomas exist, and the rarity of these lesions has led to considerable confusion in distinguishing between benign and malignant variants. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1364)		16.3370
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm
[description not available]		03.6530
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).		03.6530
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
Solitary or multiple benign hepatic vascular tumors, usually occurring in women of 20-50 years of age. The nodule, poorly encapsulated, consists of a central stellate fibrous scar and normal liver elements such as HEPATOCYTES, small BILE DUCTS, and KUPFFER CELLS among the intervening fibrous septa. The pale colored central scar represents large blood vessels with hyperplastic fibromuscular layer and narrowing lumen.		02.0410
HPV Infection
[description not available]		02.4520
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		08.3321
Papillomavirus Infections
Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.		02.4520
Cancer of Eye
[description not available]		07.71101
Testicular Diseases
Pathological processes of the TESTIS.		02.0510
Neoplasm Metastasis, Unknown Primary
[description not available]		04.0931
Ache
[description not available]		06.38153
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		06.38153
Carcinoma, Adenosquamous
A mixed adenocarcinoma and squamous cell or epidermoid carcinoma.		05.0552
Aberrant Tissue
[description not available]		02.9610
Abscess
Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.		03.3220
Sarcoma, Small Cell
A sarcoma characterized by the presence of small cells, cells measuring 9-14 micrometers with a faint or indistinct rim of cytoplasm and an oval-to-elongated nucleus with relatively dense chromatin. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)		03.8640
Polyps
Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		02.9610
Hemorrhage, Uterine
[description not available]		02.9610
Uterine Hemorrhage
Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.		02.9610
Electrolytes
Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		02.9240
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		05.5863
Lymphatic Diseases
Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.		02.4620
Adult-Onset Still Disease
[description not available]		02.0510
Still's Disease, Adult-Onset
Systemic-onset rheumatoid arthritis in adults. It differs from classical rheumatoid arthritis in that it is more often marked by acute febrile onset, and generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly are more prominent.		02.0510
Intertrochanteric Fractures
[description not available]		02.0510
Age-Related Osteoporosis
[description not available]		02.0510
Hip Fractures
Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).		02.0510
Osteoporosis
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.		02.0510
Cancer of ILEUM
[description not available]		02.4320
Intestinal Obstruction
Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.		03.3520
Glomerular Necrosis
[description not available]		02.0510
Infection
[description not available]		013.672115
Infections
Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.		013.672115
Condition, Preneoplastic
[description not available]		02.0510
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		03.5930
Precancerous Conditions
Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.		02.0510
Anasarca
[description not available]		05.8481
Gastric Diseases
[description not available]		02.9610
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		05.8481
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		03.8910
Methemoglobinemia
The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)		09.2620
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		03.8910
Paraparesis
Mild to moderate loss of bilateral lower extremity motor function, which may be a manifestation of SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; MUSCULAR DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; parasagittal brain lesions; and other conditions.		02.4420
Bladder Disorder, Neurogenic
[description not available]		02.0510
Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic
Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES.		02.0510
Xeroderma
[description not available]		02.0510
Ichthyosis
Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome.		07.0510
Cancer of Endocrine Gland
[description not available]		02.0510
Endocrine Gland Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS.		02.0510
Giardia duodenalis Infection
[description not available]		02.0510
Parasitic Diseases, Animal
Animal diseases caused by PARASITES.		02.0510
Giardiasis
An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact.		02.0510
Lymphocytopenia
[description not available]		03.4411
Mucorales Infection
[description not available]		03.4411
Lymphopenia
Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.		03.4411
Mucormycosis
Infection in humans and animals caused by any fungus in the order MUCORALES (e.g., RHIZOPUS; MUCOR; CUNNINGHAMELLA; APOPHYSOMYCES; ABSIDIA; SAKSENAEA and RHIZOMUCOR) There are many clinical types associated with infection including central nervous system, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, orbit and paranasal sinuses. In humans, it usually occurs as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION.		03.4411
Apoplexy
[description not available]		02.0510
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		02.0510
Foot Diseases
Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.		04.131
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		06.3931
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction
[description not available]		03.8521
Cerebral Infarction
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).		03.8521
Eyelid Neoplasms
Tumors of cancer of the EYELIDS.		02.0510
Hematoma
A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.		02.0510
Celiac Sprue
[description not available]		03.8321
Celiac Disease
A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.		03.8321
Erythrophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, Familial
[description not available]		02.0510
Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic
A group of related disorders characterized by LYMPHOCYTOSIS; HISTIOCYTOSIS; and hemophagocytosis. The two major forms are familial and reactive.		02.0510
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		04.7121
Reproductive Sterility
[description not available]		03.3720
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		04.7121
Infertility
A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.		03.3720
Pneumothorax, Primary Spontaneous
[description not available]		03.6330
Pneumothorax
An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL.		03.6330
Arteriovenous Malformations
Abnormal formation of blood vessels that shunt arterial blood directly into veins without passing through the CAPILLARIES. They usually are crooked, dilated, and with thick vessel walls. A common type is the congenital arteriovenous fistula. The lack of blood flow and oxygen in the capillaries can lead to tissue damage in the affected areas.		02.0510
Mixed Tumor, Mullerian
A tumor, basically a carcinoma with a single sarcoma such as leiomyosarcoma or angiosarcoma or multiple sarcomas of uterine origin. The role of estrogen has been postulated as a possible etiological factor in this tumor. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1703)		06.49101
Brain Damage, Chronic
A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.		02.4620
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		06.3451
Arterial Diseases, Carotid
[description not available]		02.0510
Cerebrovascular Moyamoya Disease
[description not available]		02.0510
Autoimmune Thyroiditis
[description not available]		02.0510
Arterial Diseases, Cerebral
[description not available]		02.0510
Carotid Artery Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.		02.0510
Cerebral Arterial Diseases
Pathological conditions of intracranial ARTERIES supplying the CEREBRUM. These diseases often are due to abnormalities or pathological processes in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; and POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY.		02.0510
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		02.9440
Amnesia, Anterograde
Loss of the ability to form new memories beyond a certain point in time. This condition may be organic or psychogenic in origin. Organically induced anterograde amnesia may follow CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; SEIZURES; ANOXIA; and other conditions which adversely affect neural structures associated with memory formation (e.g., the HIPPOCAMPUS; FORNIX (BRAIN); MAMMILLARY BODIES; and ANTERIOR THALAMIC NUCLEI). (From Memory 1997 Jan-Mar;5(1-2):49-71)		02.0610
Cardiac Tamponade
Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in the PERICARDIUM surrounding the heart. The affected cardiac functions and CARDIAC OUTPUT can range from minimal to total hemodynamic collapse.		02.4520
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes
[description not available]		04.7971
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.		16.7971
Leukemic Infiltration
A pathologic change in leukemia in which leukemic cells permeate various organs at any stage of the disease. All types of leukemia show various degrees of infiltration, depending upon the type of leukemia. The degree of infiltration may vary from site to site. The liver and spleen are common sites of infiltration, the greatest appearing in myelocytic leukemia, but infiltration is seen also in the granulocytic and lymphocytic types. The kidney is also a common site and of the gastrointestinal system, the stomach and ileum are commonly involved. In lymphocytic leukemia the skin is often infiltrated. The central nervous system too is a common site.		05.0450
Aggressive Natural Killer Cell Leukemia
[description not available]		02.0510
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid
[description not available]		02.0510
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.		02.0510
Leukemia, Large Granular Lymphocytic
A spectrum of disorders characterized by clonal expansions of the peripheral blood LYMPHOCYTE populations known as large granular lymphocytes which contain abundant cytoplasm and azurophilic granules. Subtypes develop from either CD3-negative NATURAL KILLER CELLS or CD3-positive T-CELLS. The clinical course of both subtypes can vary from spontaneous regression to progressive, malignant disease.		02.0510
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.7130
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		02.7130
Carcinomatous Meningitis
[description not available]		03.3920
Meningeal Carcinomatosis
Primary or secondary neoplasm in the ARACHNOID or SUBARACHNOID SPACE. It appears as a diffuse fibrotic thickening of the MENINGES associated with variable degrees of inflammation.		03.3920
Brachial Plexopathy
[description not available]		03.3520
Brachial Plexus Neuropathies
Diseases of the cervical (and first thoracic) roots, nerve trunks, cords, and peripheral nerve components of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS. Clinical manifestations include regional pain, PARESTHESIA; MUSCLE WEAKNESS, and decreased sensation (HYPESTHESIA) in the upper extremity. These disorders may be associated with trauma (including BIRTH INJURIES); THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME; NEOPLASMS; NEURITIS; RADIOTHERAPY; and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1351-2)		03.3520
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell
[description not available]		03.6230
Leukemia, T-Cell
A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.		03.6230
Endometrioma
An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.		02.4120
Adenofibroma
A benign neoplasm composed of glandular and fibrous tissues, with a relatively large proportion of glands. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0510
Endometriosis
A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.		02.4120
Benign Infratentorial Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.4420
Disgerminoma
[description not available]		07.61133
46, XY Gonadal Dysgenesis
[description not available]		02.0610
Dysgerminoma
A malignant ovarian neoplasm, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. It is the counterpart of the classical seminoma of the testis, to which it is both grossly and histologically identical. Dysgerminomas comprise 16% of all germ cell tumors but are rare before the age of 10, although nearly 50% occur before the age of 20. They are generally considered of low-grade malignancy but may spread if the tumor extends through its capsule and involves lymph nodes or blood vessels. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1646)		07.61133
Conus Medullaris Syndrome
[description not available]		02.9440
Intradural-Extramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms
[description not available]		08.3684
Spinal Cord Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary neoplasms) or in the space between the dura and spinal cord (intradural extramedullary neoplasms). The majority of intramedullary spinal tumors are primary CNS neoplasms including ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; and LIPOMA. Intramedullary neoplasms are often associated with SYRINGOMYELIA. The most frequent histologic types of intradural-extramedullary tumors are MENINGIOMA and NEUROFIBROMA.		08.3684
Drug Overdose
Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.		03.821
Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia
Gestational Trophoblastic diseases that are malignant. It does not include HYDATIDIFORM MOLE. However, there is a minority of authors that consider the term gestational trophoblastic neoplasia synonymous with gestational trophoblastic disease.		02.4420
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
A group of diseases arising from pregnancy that are commonly associated with hyperplasia of trophoblasts (TROPHOBLAST) and markedly elevated human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. They include HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, invasive mole (HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, INVASIVE), placental-site trophoblastic tumor (TROPHOBLASTIC TUMOR, PLACENTAL SITE), and CHORIOCARCINOMA. These neoplasms have varying propensities for invasion and spread.		07.4420
Sicca Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0610
Sjogren's Syndrome
Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.		02.0610
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating
[description not available]		04.4851
Embolism, Pulmonary
[description not available]		03.1550
Pulmonary Embolism
Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.		03.1550
Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		02.0610
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0610
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced
[description not available]		02.4420
Myoclonic Jerk
[description not available]		02.4420
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		03.8440
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced
Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)		02.4420
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		08.8440
DDD MPGNII
[description not available]		02.0610
Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative
Chronic glomerulonephritis characterized histologically by proliferation of MESANGIAL CELLS, increase in the MESANGIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, and a thickening of the glomerular capillary walls. This may appear as a primary disorder or secondary to other diseases including infections and autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Various subtypes are classified by their abnormal ultrastructures and immune deposits. Hypocomplementemia is a characteristic feature of all types of MPGN.		02.0610
Inflammatory Pseudotumor
[description not available]		02.0610
Peritoneal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.		02.0610
Granuloma, Plasma Cell
A slow-growing benign pseudotumor in which plasma cells greatly outnumber the inflammatory cells.		02.0610
Glossitis
Inflammation of the tongue.		02.0610
Allodynia
[description not available]		03.8921
Epidural Neoplasm, Malignant
[description not available]		02.9810
Adrenal Cortex Cancer
[description not available]		03.3420
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX.		03.3420
Complications, Neoplastic Pregnancy
[description not available]		07.85172
Alopecia Cicatrisata
[description not available]		011.043217
Alopecia
Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.		016.043217
Elaeophoriasis
[description not available]		02.0610
Filariasis
Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.		02.0610
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
[description not available]		04.8642
Astrocytoma
Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)		04.8642
Mixed Tumor, Malignant
A malignant tumor composed of more than one type of neoplastic tissue. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.7230
Adnexal Diseases
Diseases of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including diseases involving the OVARY, the FALLOPIAN TUBES, and ligaments of the uterus (BROAD LIGAMENT; ROUND LIGAMENT).		02.0610
Androblastoma
[description not available]		02.9910
Neoplasms, Skull Base
[description not available]		04.1960
Chordoma
A malignant tumor arising from the embryonic remains of the notochord. It is also called chordocarcinoma, chordoepithelioma, and notochordoma. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.6330
Hand-Schu00FCller-Christian Disease
[description not available]		02.4520
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell
A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder.		02.4520
Calcification, Pathologic
[description not available]		03.3620
Calcinosis
Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.		03.3620
Neoplasms, Squamous Cell
Neoplasms of the SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in tissue composed of squamous elements.		06.5954
Fibrosis, Radiation
[description not available]		02.4420
Radiation Pneumonitis
Inflammation of the lung due to harmful effects of ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.		02.4420
Fibrous Tissue Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.4420
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.4880
Alveolar Echinococcosis, Hepatic
[description not available]		02.0610
Muscle Relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.		02.0710
Urinary Retention
Inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER with voiding (URINATION).		07.0710
Serotonin Syndrome
An adverse drug interaction characterized by altered mental status, autonomic dysfunction, and neuromuscular abnormalities. It is most frequently caused by use of both serotonin reuptake inhibitors and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, leading to excess serotonin availability in the CNS at the serotonin 1A receptor.		07.0710
Vaccinia
The cutaneous and occasional systemic reactions associated with vaccination using smallpox (variola) vaccine.		02.0710
Chondroblastoma
A usually benign tumor composed of cells which arise from chondroblasts or their precursors and which tend to differentiate into cartilage cells. It occurs primarily in the epiphyses of adolescents. It is relatively rare and represents less than 2% of all primary bone tumors. The peak incidence is in the second decade of life; it is about twice as common in males as in females. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1846)		02.420
Chromosomal Duplication
[description not available]		02.0710
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		05.8991
Hypercoagulability
[description not available]		02.0710
Congenital Familial Lymphedema
[description not available]		02.7130
Blood Clot
[description not available]		02.0710
Lymphedema
Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes.		02.7130
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		02.0710
Thrombophilia
A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.		02.0710
HbS Disease
[description not available]		02.0710
Anemia, Sickle Cell
A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.		02.0710
Nail Diseases
Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates.		03.3420
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians
[description not available]		03.3320
Granular Cell Myoblastoma
[description not available]		02.0710
Carcinoma, Large Cell
A tumor of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size. It is usually bronchogenic. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		06.3476
Exophthalmos
Abnormal protrusion of both eyes; may be caused by endocrine gland malfunction, malignancy, injury, or paralysis of the extrinsic muscles of the eye.		03.6330
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		02.0810
Gastric Fistula
Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.		03.3220
Splenic Diseases
Diseases involving the SPLEEN.		03.3220
Graft-Versus-Host Disease
[description not available]		02.4620
Graft vs Host Disease
The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.		02.4620
Low Back Ache
[description not available]		02.0710
Low Back Pain
Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.		02.0710
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		02.0810
Hamartoma
A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm, composed of an overgrowth of mature cells and tissues that normally occur in the affected area.		02.0810
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		03.3620
Deep Vein Thrombosis
[description not available]		02.0710
Venous Thrombosis
The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.		02.0710
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		03.8121
Anemia, Hypoplastic
[description not available]		03.8121
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive
[description not available]		02.4520
Anemia, Aplastic
A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.		03.8121
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.		02.4520
Pleuropericarditis
Inflammation of both the PERICARDIUM and the PLEURA.		02.0710
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.		02.0710
Benign Cranial Nerve Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.3420
Sinus Tachycardia
[description not available]		02.0710
Cancer of the Retina
[description not available]		04.5151
Microsatellite Instability
The occurrence of highly polymorphic mono- and dinucleotide MICROSATELLITE REPEATS in somatic cells. It is a form of genome instability associated with defects in DNA MISMATCH REPAIR.		02.0810
Colon Cancer, Familial Nonpolyposis
[description not available]		02.0810
Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis
A group of autosomal-dominant inherited diseases in which COLON CANCER arises in discrete adenomas. Unlike FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI with hundreds of polyps, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms occur much later, in the fourth and fifth decades. HNPCC has been associated with germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes. It has been subdivided into Lynch syndrome I or site-specific colonic cancer, and LYNCH SYNDROME II which includes extracolonic cancer.		02.0810
Pancytopenia
Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.		04.0831
Fungemia
The presence of fungi circulating in the blood. Opportunistic fungal sepsis is seen most often in immunosuppressed patients with severe neutropenia or in postoperative patients with intravenous catheters and usually follows prolonged antibiotic therapy.		02.4420
Neoplasms, Bronchial
[description not available]		05.62102
Bronchial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI.		05.62102
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		03.630
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		03.630
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		04.2841
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		04.2841
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired
[description not available]		02.0110
Icterus
[description not available]		02.0110
Anemia, Hemolytic
A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).		02.0110
Jaundice
A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.		02.0110
Carcinoma, Colloid
[description not available]		04.6632
Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary
An adenocarcinoma in which the tumor elements are arranged as finger-like processes or as a solid spherical nodule projecting from an epithelial surface.		03.7921
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous
An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		04.6632
Crow-Fukase Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0110
POEMS Syndrome
A multisystemic disorder characterized by a sensorimotor polyneuropathy (POLYNEUROPATHIES), organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and pigmentary skin changes. Other clinical features which may be present include EDEMA; CACHEXIA; microangiopathic glomerulopathy; pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY); cutaneous necrosis; THROMBOCYTOSIS; and POLYCYTHEMIA. This disorder is frequently associated with osteosclerotic myeloma. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1335; Rev Med Interne 1997;18(7):553-62)		02.0110
Angioma, Sclerosing
[description not available]		07.78142
Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous
A benign tumor composed, wholly or in part, of cells with the morphologic characteristics of HISTIOCYTES and with various fibroblastic components. Fibrous histiocytomas can occur anywhere in the body. When they occur in the skin, they are called dermatofibromas or sclerosing hemangiomas. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p1747)		07.78142
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		05.5461
Cancer of Jejunum
[description not available]		02.420
ATLL
[description not available]		02.3920
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell
Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.		02.3920
Barrett Epithelium
[description not available]		02.0110
Barrett Esophagus
A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.		02.0110
Mucositis, Oral
[description not available]		09.37148
Stomatitis
INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.		09.37148
Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell
Group of disorders which feature accumulations of active HISTIOCYTES and LYMPHOCYTES, but where the histiocytes are not LANGERHANS CELLS. The group includes HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS; SINUS HISTIOCYTOSIS; xanthogranuloma; reticulohistiocytoma; JUVENILE XANTHOGRANULOMA; xanthoma disseminatum; as well as the lipid storage diseases (SEA-BLUE HISTIOCYTE SYNDROME; and NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES).		02.420
Maxillary Neoplasms
Cancer or tumors of the MAXILLA or upper jaw.		03.6130
Cell Transformation, Viral
An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.		02.0110
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease
[description not available]		03.411
Lung Diseases, Interstitial
A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.		03.411
Mesenchymoma
A mixed mesenchymal tumor composed of two or more mesodermal cellular elements not commonly associated, not counting fibrous tissue as one of the elements. Mesenchymomas are widely distributed in the body and about 75% are malignant. (Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1866)		17.7742
Alcohol Abuse
[description not available]		02.0110
Ataxia
Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.		02.0110
Hypothermia, Accidental
[description not available]		02.0110
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
[description not available]		02.0110
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.		02.0110
Alcoholism
A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)		02.0110
Hypothermia
Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.		02.0110
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.		02.0110
Hypospermatogenesis
[description not available]		02.9340
Familial Turner Syndrome
[description not available]		02.9310
Cancer Syndromes, Hereditary
[description not available]		03.8120
Noonan Syndrome
A genetically heterogeneous, multifaceted disorder characterized by short stature, webbed neck, ptosis, skeletal malformations, hypertelorism, hormonal imbalance, CRYPTORCHIDISM, multiple cardiac abnormalities (most commonly including PULMONARY VALVE STENOSIS), and some degree of INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. The phenotype bears similarities to that of TURNER SYNDROME that occurs only in females and has its basis in a 45, X karyotype abnormality. Noonan syndrome occurs in both males and females with a normal karyotype (46,XX and 46,XY). Mutations in a several genes (PTPN11, KRAS, SOS1, NF1 and RAF1) have been associated the NS phenotype. Mutations in PTPN11 are the most common. LEOPARD SYNDROME, a disorder that has clinical features overlapping those of Noonan Syndrome, is also due to mutations in PTPN11. In addition, there is overlap with the syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome due to mutations in NF1.		02.9310
Di Guglielmo Disease
[description not available]		02.0110
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.		02.0110
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome
[description not available]		02.9310
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.		02.9310
Female Genital Neoplasms
[description not available]		010.42237
Genital Neoplasms, Female
Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		010.42237
Desmoid
[description not available]		03.3420
Fibromatosis, Aggressive
A childhood counterpart of abdominal or extra-abdominal desmoid tumors, characterized by firm subcutaneous nodules that grow rapidly in any part of the body but do not metastasize. The adult form of abdominal fibromatosis is FIBROMATOSIS, ABDOMINAL. (Stedman, 25th ed)		03.3420
Chromosomal Breakage
[description not available]		02.4120
Abnormalities, Multiple
Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.		02.0110
Cardiac Arrest, Sudden
[description not available]		02.0110
Death, Sudden, Cardiac
Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)		02.0110
Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma
[description not available]		02.0110
Chromosomal Triplication
[description not available]		02.0110
Cat Diseases
Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.		05.5832
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		06.5981
Koch's Disease
[description not available]		02.3620
Pulmonary Consumption
[description not available]		01.9310
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		02.3620
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.		01.9310
Dermatophytoses
[description not available]		01.9310
Tinea
Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON.		01.9310
Intussusception
A form of intestinal obstruction caused by the PROLAPSE of a part of the intestine into the adjoining intestinal lumen. There are four types: colic, involving segments of the LARGE INTESTINE; enteric, involving only the SMALL INTESTINE; ileocecal, in which the ILEOCECAL VALVE prolapses into the CECUM, drawing the ILEUM along with it; and ileocolic, in which the ileum prolapses through the ileocecal valve into the COLON.		02.0110
Ileal Diseases
Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE.		02.0110
Reticulum Cell-Like Sarcoma, Yoshida
[description not available]		04.2770
Lymphomatoid Papulosis
Clinically benign, histologically malignant, recurrent cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by an infiltration of large atypical cells surrounded by inflammatory cells. The atypical cells resemble REED-STERNBERG CELLS of HODGKIN DISEASE or the malignant cells of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA. In some cases, lymphomatoid papulosis progresses to lymphomatous conditions including MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES; HODGKIN DISEASE; CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA; or ANAPLASTIC LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA.		02.0110
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		02.0110
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		02.0110
Absence Status
[description not available]		02.9140
Status Epilepticus
A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)		02.9140
Cystadenocarcinoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. The neoplastic cells manifest varying degrees of anaplasia and invasiveness, and local extension and metastases occur. Cystadenocarcinomas develop frequently in the ovaries, where pseudomucinous and serous types are recognized. (Stedman, 25th ed)		03.5930
Hypomenorrhea
[description not available]		02.0210
Hot Flashes
A sudden, temporary sensation of heat predominantly experienced by some women during MENOPAUSE. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)		02.0210
Dermatitis
Any inflammation of the skin.		03.411
Neuralgia, Sciatic
[description not available]		02.0210
Sciatica
A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of SCIATIC NEUROPATHY; RADICULOPATHY (involving the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT); or lesions of the CAUDA EQUINA.		02.0210
Left Ventricular Dysfunction
[description not available]		03.411
Distorted Hearing
[description not available]		03.7921
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.		03.411
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		0531
Kaposi Sarcoma
[description not available]		04.9831
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		0531
Sarcoma, Kaposi
A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.		04.9831
Disc, Herniated
[description not available]		02.0210
Intervertebral Disc Displacement
An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.		02.0210
Nephrosis
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.		02.0210
Psychoses
[description not available]		02.0210
Psychotic Disorders
Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)		02.0210
Endothelioma, Vascular
[description not available]		02.0210
Hemangioendothelioma
A neoplasm derived from blood vessels, characterized by numerous prominent endothelial cells that occur singly, in aggregates, and as the lining of congeries of vascular tubes or channels. Hemangioendotheliomas are relatively rare and are of intermediate malignancy (between benign hemangiomas and conventional angiosarcomas). They affect men and women about equally and rarely develop in childhood. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1866)		02.0210
Mixed Tumor, Mesodermal
A sarcoma of the body of the uterus arising in older women, composed of more than one mesenchymal tissue, especially including striated muscle cells. It is associated with previous pelvic radiation exposure in 20% of patients. (Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1702)		06.3353
Aneuploid
[description not available]		02.0210
Atrial Ectopic Tachycardia
[description not available]		07.0210
Allergic Alveolitis, Extrinsic
[description not available]		02.0210
Alveolitis, Fibrosing
[description not available]		04.4751
Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic
A common interstitial lung disease caused by hypersensitivity reactions of PULMONARY ALVEOLI after inhalation of and sensitization to environmental antigens of microbial, animal, or chemical sources. The disease is characterized by lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous pneumonitis.		02.0210
Pulmonary Fibrosis
A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.		04.4751
Brittle Bone Disease
[description not available]		02.9310
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I.		02.9310
Hypesthesia
Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation.		02.0210
Osteolysis
Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.		02.4220
Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma
[description not available]		02.0210
Oligodendroglioma
A relatively slow-growing glioma that is derived from oligodendrocytes and tends to occur in the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, or lateral ventricle. They may present at any age, but are most frequent in the third to fifth decades, with an earlier incidence peak in the first decade. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, relatively avascular, and tend to form cysts and microcalcifications. Neoplastic cells tend to have small round nuclei surrounded by unstained nuclei. The tumors may vary from well-differentiated to highly anaplastic forms. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2052; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p655)		02.0210
Affective Disorders
[description not available]		03.8510
Mood Disorders
Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.		03.8510
Hemothorax
Hemorrhage within the pleural cavity.		02.420
Joint Deformities, Acquired
Deformities acquired after birth as the result of injury or disease. The joint deformity is often associated with rheumatoid arthritis and leprosy.		02.0210
Baker Cyst
[description not available]		02.0210
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		07.3863
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		07.3863
Aura
[description not available]		03.3770
Epilepsy
A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)		03.3770
Ambulation Disorders, Neurologic
[description not available]		02.0210
Bacteremia
The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.		04.6532
Malignant Neurilemmoma
[description not available]		02.0210
Aesthesioneuroblastoma
[description not available]		03.8440
Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory
A malignant olfactory neuroblastoma arising from the olfactory epithelium of the superior nasal cavity and cribriform plate. It is uncommon (3% of nasal tumors) and rarely is associated with the production of excess hormones (e.g., SIADH, Cushing Syndrome). It has a high propensity for multiple local recurrences and bony metastases. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3rd ed, p1245; J Laryngol Otol 1998 Jul;112(7):628-33)		03.8440
Paralysis, Legs
[description not available]		02.0210
Paraplegia
Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.		02.0210
Cancer of Oropharnyx
[description not available]		02.0210
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OROPHARYNX.		02.0210
Shock, Cardiogenic
Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease.		02.0210
Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction
[description not available]		02.0210
Agranulocytosis
A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).		07.51510
Cystic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		02.9410
Angiomatosis Retinae
[description not available]		02.9410
Adenoma Sebaceum
Facial ANGIOFIBROMA in tuberous sclerosis		02.9410
von Hippel-Lindau Disease
An autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in a tumor suppressor gene. This syndrome is characterized by abnormal growth of small blood vessels leading to a host of neoplasms. They include HEMANGIOBLASTOMA in the RETINA; CEREBELLUM; and SPINAL CORD; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; pancreatic tumors; and renal cell carcinoma (see CARCINOMA, RENAL CELL). Common clinical signs include HYPERTENSION and neurological dysfunctions.		02.9410
Tuberous Sclerosis
Autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome classically characterized by MENTAL RETARDATION; EPILEPSY; and skin lesions (e.g., adenoma sebaceum and hypomelanotic macules). There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in the neurologic manifestations. It is also associated with cortical tuber and HAMARTOMAS formation throughout the body, especially the heart, kidneys, and eyes. Mutations in two loci TSC1 and TSC2 that encode hamartin and tuberin, respectively, are associated with the disease.		02.9410
Kidney Diseases, Cystic
A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilaterally (KIDNEY, CYSTIC).		02.9410
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		06.28141
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		06.28141
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		02.4120
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		07.4120
Bewilderment
[description not available]		05.5561
Hallucination of Body Sensation
[description not available]		03.3220
Acathisia, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		02.9410
Hallucinations
Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.		08.3220
Adult Rickets
[description not available]		02.6930
Osteomalacia
Disorder caused by an interruption of the mineralization of organic bone matrix leading to bone softening, bone pain, and weakness. It is the adult form of rickets resulting from disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis.		07.6930
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic
[description not available]		02.0210
Candida Infection
[description not available]		02.0210
Acute Kidney Tubular Necrosis
[description not available]		03.7721
ADPKD
[description not available]		02.0210
Candidiasis
Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0210
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute
Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.		03.7721
Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant
Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function.		02.0210
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever		02.0210
Dermatomyositis, Adult Type
[description not available]		02.4120
Dermatomyositis
A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)		02.4120
Abnormality, Torsion
[description not available]		02.0210
Conjunctival Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the CONJUNCTIVA.		02.0310
Familial Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia
[description not available]		02.0210
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.		02.0210
Carcinoma, Bronchial
[description not available]		08.7268
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic
Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA.		08.7268
Allergic Reaction
[description not available]		02.0310
Insect Bites
[description not available]		02.0310
Hypersensitivity
Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.		02.0310
Insect Bites and Stings
Bites and stings inflicted by insects.		02.0310
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		06.1243
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		06.1243
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar
[description not available]		02.0310
Bipolar Disorder
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.		02.0310
Gonadal Tissue Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.4111
Teratocarcinoma
A malignant neoplasm consisting of elements of teratoma with those of embryonal carcinoma or choriocarcinoma, or both. It occurs most often in the testis. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.630
Encephalitis, JC Polyomavirus
[description not available]		02.0210
Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal
An opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system associated with conditions that impair cell-mediated immunity (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES; HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; and COLLAGEN DISEASES). The causative organism is JC Polyomavirus (JC VIRUS) which primarily affects oligodendrocytes, resulting in multiple areas of demyelination. Clinical manifestations include DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; visual disturbances; and other focal neurologic deficits, generally progressing to a vegetative state within 6 months. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp36-7)		02.0210
Leukemia, Smoldering
[description not available]		02.0210
Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts
Chronic refractory anemia with granulocytopenia, and/or thrombocytopenia. Myeloblasts and progranulocytes constitute 5 to 40 percent of the nucleated marrow cells.		02.0210
Coma
A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.		02.420
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		04.2941
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		09.2941
Emergencies
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.		02.0310
Colitis, Granulomatous
[description not available]		02.0310
Crohn Disease
A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.		02.0310
Myxoid Liposarcoma
[description not available]		03.6130
Liposarcoma, Myxoid
A liposarcoma containing round mesenchymal cells and a myxoid extracellular matrix in stroma.		03.6130
Hemorrhagic Diathesis
[description not available]		02.0310
Hematoma, Epidural, Spinal
A rare epidural hematoma in the spinal epidural space, usually due to a vascular malformation (CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS) or TRAUMA. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is a neurologic emergency due to a rapidly evolving compressive MYELOPATHY.		02.0310
Hemorrhagic Disorders
Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS).		02.0310
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
[description not available]		02.6930
Respiratory Insufficiency
Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.6930
Anticipatory Vomiting
[description not available]		02.0310
Stunted Growth
[description not available]		02.6930
Growth Disorders
Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.		02.6930
Fibroid
[description not available]		02.0310
Leiomyoma
A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.		02.0310
Abdominal Hernia
[description not available]		02.0310
Opportunistic Infections
An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.		02.0310
Acrania
[description not available]		03.4211
Neural Tube Defects
Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)		03.4211
Brain Stem Neoplasms, Primary
[description not available]		02.4220
Brain Stem Neoplasms
Benign and malignant intra-axial tumors of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; or MEDULLA OBLONGATA of the BRAIN STEM. Primary and metastatic neoplasms may occur in this location. Clinical features include ATAXIA, cranial neuropathies (see CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES), NAUSEA, hemiparesis (see HEMIPLEGIA), and quadriparesis. Primary brain stem neoplasms are more frequent in children. Histologic subtypes include GLIOMA; HEMANGIOBLASTOMA; GANGLIOGLIOMA; and EPENDYMOMA.		02.4220
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism
[description not available]		02.0310
Parkinson Disease, Secondary
Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)		02.0310
Pleurisy, Tuberculous
[description not available]		02.0310
Congenital Epulides
[description not available]		02.9410
Psychoses, Drug
[description not available]		03.8140
Bone Marrow Diseases
Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.		012.453723
Atresia, Biliary
[description not available]		02.0410
Biliary Atresia
Progressive destruction or the absence of all or part of the extrahepatic BILE DUCTS, resulting in the complete obstruction of BILE flow. Usually, biliary atresia is found in infants and accounts for one third of the neonatal cholestatic JAUNDICE.		02.0410
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance
Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.		02.4220
Giant Cell Tumors
Tumors of bone tissue or synovial or other soft tissue characterized by the presence of giant cells. The most common are giant cell tumor of tendon sheath and GIANT CELL TUMOR OF BONE.		02.9510
Thyroid Diseases
Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.		02.0310
Cerebro-Oculo-Renal Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0310
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.		02.0310
BOOP
[description not available]		02.0310
Bilateral Nasal Obstruction
[description not available]		02.0410
Nasal Obstruction
Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the nose. The obstruction may be unilateral or bilateral, and may involve any part of the NASAL CAVITY.		02.0410
Adenohypophyseal Hyposecretion
[description not available]		02.0310
Cancer of Pituitary
[description not available]		02.4120
Ectopic Hormone Syndromes
[description not available]		02.0310
Hypopituitarism
Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions.		02.0310
Pituitary Neoplasms
Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.		02.4120
Agitation, Psychomotor
[description not available]		02.0310
Psychomotor Agitation
A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.		02.0310
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		02.4120
Myosarcoma
A general term for a malignant neoplasm derived from muscular tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0410
Leukemia, Lymphocytic
[description not available]		05.5261
Leukemia, Lymphoid
Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.		05.5261
Amnesia, Transient Global
A syndrome characterized by a transient loss of the ability to form new memories. It primarily occurs in middle aged or elderly individuals, and episodes may last from minutes to hours. During the period of amnesia, immediate and recent memory abilities are impaired, but the level of consciousness and ability to perform other intellectual tasks are preserved. The condition is related to bilateral dysfunction of the medial portions of each TEMPORAL LOBE. Complete recovery normally occurs, and recurrences are unusual. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp429-30)		02.0410
Alkalosis, Respiratory
A state due to excess loss of carbon dioxide from the body. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0410
Hyperventilation
A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.		02.0410
Dysesthesia
[description not available]		03.821
Day Blindness
[description not available]		02.6930
Amnesia, Pre-Ictal
[description not available]		02.0410
Neurocytoma
A benign brain tumor composed of neural elements which most often arise from the SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM and the walls of the lateral ventricles. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy evaluations may reveal expression of neuron specific enolase and synaptophysin and cells containing microtubuli, neurosecretory granules, and presynaptic vesicles. (From Acta Med Port 1994 Feb;7(2):113-9)		08.3320
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0410
Facial Palsy
[description not available]		02.0410
Neuropathy, Paraneoplastic
[description not available]		02.0410
Demyelinating Diseases
Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.		02.0410
Carcinoma, Papillary
A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)		03.8340
Chloroma
[description not available]		02.0410
Sarcoma, Myeloid
An extramedullary tumor of immature MYELOID CELLS or MYELOBLASTS. Granulocytic sarcoma usually occurs with or follows the onset of ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.		02.0410
Colonic Inertia
Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.		03.3411
Constipation
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.		03.3411
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		03.5730
Edema, Pulmonary
[description not available]		01.9610
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		03.5730
Pulmonary Edema
Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.		01.9610
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.		02.6630
Cancer of Intestines
[description not available]		03.7421
Intestinal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.		03.7421
Cystadenoma
A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. In some instances, considerable portions of the neoplasm, or even the entire mass, may be cystic. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9610
Pain, Intractable
Persistent pain that is refractory to some or all forms of treatment.		01.9610
Bilharziasis
[description not available]		03.7621
Schistosomiasis
Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.		03.7621
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		01.9610
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		01.9610
Genito-urinary Cancer
[description not available]		04.4651
Urogenital Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female.		04.4651
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		04.8442
Cardiac Complex, Premature
[description not available]		01.9810
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		04.9833
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.		04.9833
Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9810
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia, and low or absent antibody levels. It is inherited as an X-linked or autosomal recessive defect. Mutations occurring in many different genes cause human Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID).		01.9810
Immunoblastic Large-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		05.8655
Anemia, Sideroblastic
Anemia characterized by the presence of erythroblasts containing excessive deposits of iron in the marrow.		01.9810
Monosomy
The condition in which one chromosome of a pair is missing. In a normally diploid cell it is represented symbolically as 2N-1.		01.9810
Adenocystic Carcinoma
[description not available]		03.3711
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic
Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.3711
Eosinophilia, Tropical
[description not available]		02.910
Eosinophilia
Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.		02.910
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, M4
[description not available]		03.3120
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute
A pediatric acute myeloid leukemia involving both myeloid and monocytoid precursors. At least 20% of non-erythroid cells are of monocytic origin.		03.3120
AIDS Seroconversion
[description not available]		01.9810
Encephalopathy, Hepatic
[description not available]		03.7821
Hepatic Encephalopathy
A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)		03.7821
Fracture, Pathologic
[description not available]		01.9810
Cancer of Granulosa Cells
[description not available]		01.9810
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders
[description not available]		01.9810
Hepatitis B Virus Infection
[description not available]		03.3120
Hepatitis B
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		03.3120
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		01.9810
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		01.9810
Neoplasms, Trophoblastic
[description not available]		06.4663
Enterocolitis
Inflammation of the MUCOSA of both the SMALL INTESTINE and the LARGE INTESTINE. Etiology includes ISCHEMIA, infections, allergic, and immune responses.		03.7821
Glioblastoma with Sarcomatous Component
[description not available]		02.6830
Gliosarcoma
Rare mixed tumors of the brain and rarely the spinal cord which contain malignant neuroectodermal (glial) and mesenchymal components, including spindle-shaped fibrosarcoma cells. These tumors are highly aggressive and present primarily in adults as rapidly expanding mass lesions. They may arise in tissue that has been previously irradiated. (From Br J Neurosurg 1995 Apr;9(2):171-8)		02.6830
Periphlebitis
Periphlebitis is inflammation of the outer coat of a vein or of tissues surrounding the vein.		03.7821
Extravasation of Contrast Media
[description not available]		02.3820
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein, often a vein in the leg. Phlebitis associated with a blood clot is called (THROMBOPHLEBITIS).		03.7821
Fungal Diseases
[description not available]		01.9810
Mycoses
Diseases caused by FUNGI.		01.9810
Low Bone Density
[description not available]		01.9810
Bone Diseases, Metabolic
Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE.		01.9810
EHS Tumor
[description not available]		03.0750
Viremia
The presence of viruses in the blood.		01.9810
Herpes Simplex Keratitis
[description not available]		01.9810
Keratitis, Herpetic
A superficial, epithelial Herpesvirus hominis infection of the cornea, characterized by the presence of small vesicles which may break down and coalesce to form dendritic ulcers (KERATITIS, DENDRITIC). (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)		01.9810
Animal Mammary Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.6830
Muscle Disorders
[description not available]		04.2841
Muscular Diseases
Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.		04.2841
Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.		06.9810
Acidosis, Renal Tubular, Type I
[description not available]		03.5930
Acidosis, Renal Tubular
A group of genetic disorders of the KIDNEY TUBULES characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic ACIDOSIS. Defective renal acidification of URINE (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as HYPOKALEMIA, hypercalcinuria with NEPHROLITHIASIS and NEPHROCALCINOSIS, and RICKETS.		03.5930
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		07.18104
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.		07.18104
Erythema Infectiosum
Contagious infection with human B19 Parvovirus most commonly seen in school age children and characterized by fever, headache, and rashes of the face, trunk, and extremities. It is often confused with RUBELLA.		01.9810
Melanoma, Amelanotic
An unpigmented malignant melanoma. It is an anaplastic melanoma consisting of cells derived from melanoblasts but not forming melanin. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9810
Kussmaul Aphasia
[description not available]		01.9810
Gangliocytoma
[description not available]		01.9810
Beriberi, Cerebral
[description not available]		01.9810
Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue
Neoplasms composed of nerve tissue. This concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the nervous system or its component nerves.		03.3711
Chemical Dependence
[description not available]		02.6630
Substance-Related Disorders
Disorders related to substance use or abuse.		02.6630
Flaccid Quadriplegia
[description not available]		01.9810
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		04.2941
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		04.2941
Urinary Tract Infections
Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.		03.3711
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial
[description not available]		01.9810
Carcinoma in Situ
A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.		01.9810
B Virus Infection
[description not available]		02.910
Leiomyomatosis
The state of having multiple leiomyomas throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9910
Acne
[description not available]		01.9910
Acne Vulgaris
A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.		01.9910
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Aggressive Phase
[description not available]		01.9910
Blast Phase
[description not available]		03.7821
Ph 1 Chromosome
[description not available]		05.2143
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic, Stable Phase
[description not available]		03.7821
Blast Crisis
An advanced phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia, characterized by a rapid increase in the proportion of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the blood and bone marrow to greater than 30%.		03.7821
Leukemia, Pre-B-Cell
[description not available]		02.420
Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and adolescents and characterized by a high number of lymphoblasts and solid tumor lesions. Frequent sites involve LYMPH NODES, skin, and bones. It most commonly presents as leukemia.		02.420
Cancer of Duodenum
[description not available]		01.9910
Adenoma, Prolactin-Secreting, Pituitary
[description not available]		01.9910
Joint Pain
[description not available]		03.3711
Arthralgia
Pain in the joint.		03.3711
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast
An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.		02.6930
MODS
[description not available]		03.7821
Multiple Organ Failure
A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.		03.7821
Angioimmunoblastic Lymphadenopathy
[description not available]		04.3322
Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy
A disorder characterized by proliferation of arborizing small vessels, prominent immunoblastic proliferations and amorphous acidophilic interstitial material. Clinical manifestations include fever, sweats, weight loss, generalized lymphadenopathy and frequently hepatosplenomegaly.		04.3322
Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
[description not available]		02.420
Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone
Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. Many of the sites of these lymphomas, such as the stomach, salivary gland, and thyroid, are normally devoid of lymphoid tissue. They acquire mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type as a result of an immunologically mediated disorder.		02.420
Adenoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		01.9910
Cocarcinogenesis
The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.		01.9910
Adenoma
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		01.9910
Cancer of Rectum
[description not available]		03.7721
Rectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.		03.7721
Tuberculosis, Endocrine
Infection of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS with species of MYCOBACTERIUM, most often MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		02.9110
Addison's Disease
[description not available]		02.9110
Hyperpotassemia
[description not available]		02.9110
Addison Disease
An adrenal disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the ADRENAL CORTEX, resulting in insufficient production of ALDOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Clinical symptoms include ANOREXIA; NAUSEA; WEIGHT LOSS; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; and HYPERPIGMENTATION of the SKIN due to increase in circulating levels of ACTH precursor hormone which stimulates MELANOCYTES.		02.9110
Adrenal Gland Diseases
Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS.		02.9110
Hyperkalemia
Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.9110
Hypocalcemia
Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9910
Pleurisy
INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.		01.9910
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis
[description not available]		01.9910
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.		01.9910
Mouth Ulcer
[description not available]		01.9910
Bleb
[description not available]		01.9910
Oral Ulcer
A loss of mucous substance of the mouth showing local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. It is the result of a variety of causes, e.g., denture irritation, aphthous stomatitis (STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS); NOMA; necrotizing gingivitis (GINGIVITIS, NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE); TOOTHBRUSHING; and various irritants. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p842)		01.9910
Atelectasis
[description not available]		01.9910
Neuroectodermal Tumors
Malignant neoplasms arising in the neuroectoderm, the portion of the ectoderm of the early embryo that gives rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems, including some glial cells.		03.7921
Biliary Tract Cancer
[description not available]		02.3920
Biliary Tract Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.		02.3920
Cancer of the Fallopian Tube
[description not available]		03.7721
Fallopian Tube Neoplasms
Benign or malignant neoplasms of the FALLOPIAN TUBES. They are uncommon. If they develop, they may be located in the wall or within the lumen as a growth attached to the wall by a stalk.		16.8442
Deaf Mutism
[description not available]		03.3811
Deafness
A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.		03.3811
Abscess, Psoas
[description not available]		01.9910
Leukemia, Acute Monocytic
[description not available]		01.9910
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage including monoblasts, promonocytes, and MONOCYTES.		01.9910
Adenoma, Prostatic
[description not available]		02.9110
Priapism
A prolonged painful erection that may lasts hours and is not associated with sexual activity. It is seen in patients with SICKLE CELL ANEMIA, advanced malignancy, spinal trauma; and certain drug treatments.		02.9110
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.		02.9110
Blood Pressure, Low
[description not available]		01.9910
Hypotension
Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.		06.9910
Cognitive Manifestations
[description not available]		0210
Neurobehavioral Manifestations
Signs and symptoms of higher cortical dysfunction caused by organic conditions. These include certain behavioral alterations and impairments of skills involved in the acquisition, processing, and utilization of knowledge or information.		0210
Critical Illness
A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.		0210
Neoplasms, Otorhinolaryngologic
[description not available]		01.9910
Granulomatosis, Wegener's
[description not available]		0210
Episcleritis
[description not available]		0210
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
A multisystemic disease of a complex genetic background. It is characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels (VASCULITIS) leading to damage in any number of organs. The common features include granulomatous inflammation of the RESPIRATORY TRACT and KIDNEYS. Most patients have measurable autoantibodies (ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES) against MYELOBLASTIN.		0210
Scleritis
Refers to any inflammation of the sclera including episcleritis, a benign condition affecting only the episclera, which is generally short-lived and easily treated. Classic scleritis, on the other hand, affects deeper tissue and is characterized by higher rates of visual acuity loss and even mortality, particularly in necrotizing form. Its characteristic symptom is severe and general head pain. Scleritis has also been associated with systemic collagen disease. Etiology is unknown but is thought to involve a local immune response. Treatment is difficult and includes administration of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids. Inflammation of the sclera may also be secondary to inflammation of adjacent tissues, such as the conjunctiva.		0210
Neoplasms, Nervous System
[description not available]		03.3811
Asthenia
Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy.		03.3811
Breast Cancer, Male
[description not available]		03.3811
Breast Neoplasms, Male
Any neoplasms of the male breast. These occur infrequently in males in developed countries, the incidence being about 1% of that in females.		03.3811
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral
[description not available]		0210
Aqueductal Stenosis
[description not available]		0210
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		0210
Hospital-Acquired Condition
[description not available]		02.3920
Gastroenteritis
INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.		0210
Prolymphocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		02.4120
Leukemia, Prolymphocytic
A chronic leukemia characterized by a large number of circulating prolymphocytes. It can arise spontaneously or as a consequence of transformation of CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA.		02.4120
Facial Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the FACE.		02.6730
Cochlear Hearing Loss
[description not available]		02.3920
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural
Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.		02.3920
Minimally Conscious State
[description not available]		0210
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.		0210
Esophagitis
INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA.		03.3911
Argentaffinoma
[description not available]		0210
Carcinoid Tumor
A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)		0210
Merkel Cell Cancer
[description not available]		02.3920
Carcinoma, Merkel Cell
A carcinoma arising from MERKEL CELLS located in the basal layer of the epidermis and occurring most commonly as a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. Merkel cells are tactile cells of neuroectodermal origin and histologically show neurosecretory granules. The skin of the head and neck are a common site of Merkel cell carcinoma, occurring generally in elderly patients. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1245)		02.3920
Elevated ICP (Intracranial Pressure)
[description not available]		0210
Intracranial Hypertension
Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders.		0210
Fibromatosis
[description not available]		02.8940
Fibroma
A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.		02.8940
Diseases in Twins
Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.		02.9210
Gastric Ulcer
[description not available]		0210
Stomach Ulcer
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		0210
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		02.9210
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis
[description not available]		02.9210
Aplasia Pure Red Cell
[description not available]		02.9210
Hypogammaglobulinemia
[description not available]		02.9210
Agammaglobulinemia
An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.		02.9210
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		02.9210
Myasthenia Gravis
A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.		02.9210
Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure
Suppression of erythropoiesis with little or no abnormality of leukocyte or platelet production.		02.9210
Aseptic Necrosis of Bone
[description not available]		0210
Osteonecrosis
Death of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic.		0210
Diffuse Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor
[description not available]		0210
Synovial Cyst
Non-neoplastic tumor-like lesions at joints, developed from the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE of a joint through the JOINT CAPSULE into the periarticular tissues. They are filled with SYNOVIAL FLUID with a smooth and translucent appearance. A synovial cyst can develop from any joint, but most commonly at the back of the knee, where it is known as POPLITEAL CYST.		0210
Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular
Diffuse outgrowth arising from the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE; SYNOVIAL BURSA; or TENDON sheath around the joint cavity, with extension to surrounding soft tissue. It is characterized by pigmented HEMOSIDERIN-containing MACROPHAGES; FOAM CELLS; and multinucleated GIANT CELLS. It usually occurs in the hands and feet, and around large joints, such as in the ankle and knee joints.		0210
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung
A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.		0210
Capillary Leak Syndrome
A condition characterized by recurring episodes of fluid leaking from capillaries into extra-vascular compartments causing hematocrit to rise precipitously. If not treated, generalized vascular leak can lead to generalized EDEMA; SHOCK; cardiovascular collapse; and MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE.		0210
Fat Necrosis
A condition in which the death of adipose tissue results in neutral fats being split into fatty acids and glycerol.		0210
Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
[description not available]		0210
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei
[description not available]		0210
Rhabdomyoma
A benign tumor derived from striated muscle. It is extremely rare, generally occurring in the tongue, neck muscles, larynx, uvula, nasal cavity, axilla, vulva, and heart. These tumors are treated by simple excision. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1354)		02.3920
Urination Disorders
Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.		04.3422
Benign Brenner Tumor
[description not available]		0210
Hepatic Veno Occlusive Disease
[description not available]		02.9210
Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease
Liver disease that is caused by injuries to the ENDOTHELIAL CELLS of the vessels and subendothelial EDEMA, but not by THROMBOSIS. Extracellular matrix, rich in FIBRONECTINS, is usually deposited around the HEPATIC VEINS leading to venous outflow occlusion and sinusoidal obstruction.		02.9210
Bronchiolitis, Exudative
[description not available]		03.3911
Bronchiolitis Obliterans
Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES leading to an obstructive lung disease. Bronchioles are characterized by fibrous granulation tissue with bronchial exudates in the lumens. Clinical features include a nonproductive cough and DYSPNEA.		03.3911
Academic Disorder, Developmental
[description not available]		02.0110
Learning Disabilities
Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.		02.0110
Muscular Weakness
[description not available]		02.0110
Cachexia
General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.		02.0110
Muscle Weakness
A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)		02.0110
Abnormal Movements
[description not available]		02.0110
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.		01.9510
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.		01.9510
Hives
[description not available]		01.9510
Urticaria
A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.		01.9510
Bright Disease
A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.		01.9510
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		01.9510
Oliguria
Decreased URINE output that is below the normal range. Oliguria can be defined as urine output of less than or equal to 0.5 or 1 ml/kg/hr depending on the age.		03.3411
Milk-Alkali Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9810
Hypercalcemia
Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.		01.9810
Basal Ganglia Diseases
Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		02.3820
Lymphangitis
A lymphatic disease characterized by INFLAMMATION of LYMPHATIC VESSELS.		06.9810
Pachymeningitis
[description not available]		01.9810
Meningitis
Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)		01.9810
Leukemia, Plasmacytic
[description not available]		02.8910
Leukemia, Plasma Cell
A rare, aggressive variant of MULTIPLE MYELOMA characterized by the circulation of excessive PLASMA CELLS in the peripheral blood. It can be a primary manifestation of multiple myeloma or develop as a terminal complication during the disease.		02.8910
Skin Ulcer
An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.		01.9810
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, Familial
[description not available]		01.9710
Glossoptosis, Micrognathia, and Cleft Palate
[description not available]		01.9710
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli
A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood.		01.9710
Coagulation Disorders, Blood
[description not available]		01.9710
Blood Coagulation Disorders
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.		01.9710
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia
[description not available]		01.9710
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating
A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.		01.9710
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		01.9710
Coronary Thrombosis
Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		01.9710
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		02.420
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		01.9710
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		02.420
Bilateral Deafness
[description not available]		01.9710
Anuria
Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present.		06.9710
Neurofibroma
A moderately firm, benign, encapsulated tumor resulting from proliferation of SCHWANN CELLS and FIBROBLASTS that includes portions of nerve fibers. The tumors usually develop along peripheral or cranial nerves and are a central feature of NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1, where they may occur intracranially or involve spinal roots. Pathologic features include fusiform enlargement of the involved nerve. Microscopic examination reveals a disorganized and loose cellular pattern with elongated nuclei intermixed with fibrous strands. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1016)		01.9710
Menopause
The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.		01.9710
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease
[description not available]		01.9710
Addiction, Opioid
[description not available]		01.9710
Cytomegalovirus Infections
Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.		01.9710
Opioid-Related Disorders
Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.		01.9710
Fetal Growth Restriction
[description not available]		01.9710
Fetal Growth Retardation
Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.		01.9710
Adnexitis
Inflammation of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including infection of the FALLOPIAN TUBES (SALPINGITIS), the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), or the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS).		01.9610
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
A spectrum of inflammation involving the female upper genital tract and the supporting tissues. It is usually caused by an ascending infection of organisms from the endocervix. Infection may be confined to the uterus (ENDOMETRITIS), the FALLOPIAN TUBES; (SALPINGITIS); the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS), or may involve several of the above uterine appendages. Such inflammation can lead to functional impairment and infertility.		01.9610
Convulsions, Grand Mal
[description not available]		01.9710
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic
A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)		01.9710
Perforated Appendicitis
[description not available]		01.9710
Intestinal Perforation
Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.		01.9710
Appendicitis
Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated.		01.9710
Delayed Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		01.9710
Mesonephroma
A rare tumor of the female genital tract, most often the ovary, formerly considered to be derived from mesonephric rests. Two varieties are recognized: (1) clear cell carcinoma, so called because of its histologic resemblance to renal cell carcinoma, and now considered to be of muellerian duct derivation and (2) an embryonal tumor (called also ENDODERMAL SINUS TUMOR and yolk sac tumor), occurring chiefly in children. The latter variety may also arise in the testis. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9710
Tracheal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the TRACHEA.		01.9610
Extrasystole, Ventricular
[description not available]		02.1510
Acute Post-operative Pain
[description not available]		05.5144
Pain, Postoperative
Pain during the period after surgery.		05.5144
Nerve Pain
[description not available]		02.0610
Neuralgia
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.		02.0610
Decerebrate Posturing
[description not available]		01.9810